Academic literature on the topic 'Vyg Valley (R.S.F.S.R.)'

ABSTRACT Unlike all the other Rift Valley fever virus strains (Bunyaviridae, Phlebovirus) studied so far, clone 13, a naturally attenuated virus, does not form the filaments composed of the NSs nonstructural protein in the nuclei of infected cells (R. Muller, J. F. Saluzzo, N. Lopez, T. Drier, M. Turell, J. Smith, and M. Bouloy, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 53:405–411, 1995). This defect is correlated with a large in-frame deletion in the NSs coding region of the S segment of the tripartite genome. Here, we show that the truncated NSs protein of clone 13 is expressed and remains in the cytoplasm, where it is degraded rapidly by the proteasome. Through the analysis of reassortants between clone 13 and a virulent strain, we localized the marker(s) of attenuation in the S segment of this attenuated virus. This result raises questions regarding the role of NSs in pathogenesis and highlights, for the first time in theBunyaviridae family, a major role of the S segment in virulence and attenuation, possibly associated with a defect in the nonstructural protein.

In this study, self-(in) compatibility of 34 wild apricot genotypes, called as Sakit apricots, sampled from Sakit valley located in east Mediterranean region of Turkey and 9 well known Turkish apricot cultivars were determined by using molecular methods. Genomic PCR with S-RNase and SFB-specific primers was conducted using the degenerate primers EM-PC2consFD and EM-PC3consRD for the amplification of the second intron region of the S-RNase gene. To amplify the first intron, the fluorescently labelled (JOE) forward primer SRc-F was used in combination with the reverse primer SRc-R. According to the results, Sc (self-compatible) allele is not present in all wild and cultivated materials. All wild genotypes had same S allele (S6S19) composition indicating they do not carry the SC-haplotype. These wild materials previously reported self-compatible by fruit set studies on field. Mutations rendering the S-locus non-functional in these genotypes can be supposed and checked in the future. The most important dried apricot cultivars of Turkey such as Hacihaliloglu, Kabaasi, and Cataloglu were observed to be self-incompatible cultivars.

Akhter, J., & Cheng, K. (2020). Sustainable empowerment initiatives among rural women through microcredit borrowings in Bangladesh. Sustainability, 12: 2275. Ani, F., Ramlan, N., Yusoff, R., & Damin, Z.A. (2018). Measuring the level of participation and its relationship with psychological empowerment through community based organisation (CBO) activities. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8: 647-658. Barker, J., & Thomson, L. (2015). Helpful relationships with service users: Linking social capital. Australian Social Work, 68: 130-145. Bisaga, I., Parikh, P., & Loggia, C. (2019). Challenges and opportunities for sustainable urban farming in South African low-income settlements: A case study in Durban. Sustainability, 11: 5660. Cheah, J.H., Thurasamy, R., Memon, M.A., Chuah, F., & Ting, H. (2020). Multigroup analysis using SmartPLS: Step-by-step guidelines for business research. Asian Journal of Business Research, 10: I-XIX. Claridge, T. (2018). Functions of social capital–bonding, bridging, linking. Social Capital Research, 20: 1-7. Cohen, J. M., & Uphoff, N. T. (1977). Rural development participation: concepts and measures for project design, implementation and evaluation. Rural development participation: concepts and measures for project design, implementation and evaluation., 2: 29-46. Díaz-Gibson, J., Zaragoza, M.C., Daly, A.J., Mayayo, J.L., & Romaní, J. R. (2017). Networked leadership in educational collaborative networks. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 45: 1040-1059. Eryanto, H., Swaramarinda, D.R., & Nurmalasari, D. (2019). Effectiveness of entrepreneurship practice program: using CIPP program evaluation. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 22: 1-10. Evans, P. (1997). State-society synergy: Government and social capital in development. FAO. (2019). Urban and peri-urban agriculture in Asia and the Pacific: Opportunities, challenges and policy implications. Bangkok: FAO Regional Office for Asia Guitart D., Pickering C., Byrne J. (2012). Past results and future directions in urban community gardens research. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 11: 364-373. Gunasekara, R.W.M.N., Premaratne, S.P., & Priyanath, H.M.S. (2017). Impact of social capital on livelihood success of the members of community-based organizations in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7: 1156-1167. Hair Jr, J. F., Howard, M. C., & Nitzl, C. (2020). Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis. Journal of Business Research, 109: 101-110. Haldane, V., Chuah, F. L., Srivastava, A., Singh, S. R., Koh, G. C., Seng, C. K., & Legido-Quigley, H. (2019). Community participation in health services development, implementation, and evaluation: A systematic review of empowerment, health, community, and process outcomes. PloS one, 14: e0216112. Ibrahim, M. B. (2016). Role of participation in decision making and social capital on sustainability of watershed usage among peri-urban agricultural farmers of Kwadon, Gombe State, Nigeria. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Jackson, K. T., Burgess, S., Toms, F., & Cuthbertson, E. L. (2018). Community engagement: Using feedback loops to empower residents and influence systemic change in culturally diverse communities. Global Journal of Community Psychology Practice, 9: 1-21. Jiang, J., & Wang, P. (2020). Is linking social capital more beneficial to the health promotion of the poor? Evidence from China. Social Indicators Research, 147: 45-71. Kieffer, C. H. (1984). Citizen empowerment: A developmental perspective. Prevention in Human Services, 3: 9-36. Kilpatrick, S. U. E., Field, J., & Falk, I. A. N. (2003). Social capital: An analytical tool for exploring lifelong learning and community development. British Educational Research Journal, 29: 417-433. Mai, V. N., Nguyen, Q. N., & Hien, L. T. D. (2023). Citizen Participation in Community-Based Tourism Development in the Mekong Delta. Vietnam. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 11(5), e749. Manurung, A., & Lubis, S. (2023). The Potential of Budget Participation and Dalihan Natolu Leadership Style to Improve Community Welfare in the Toba Caldera Tourism Geography Area. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 11(9), e573-e573. Menasseri-Aubry, S., Viaud, V., Santillàn-Carvantes, P., Akkal-Corfini, N., Le Guillou, C., Prévost-Bouré, N. C., & Ranjard, L. (2018). Landscape-scale analysis of cropping system effects on soil quality in a context of crop-livestock farming. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 265: 166-177. Nakagawa, Y., & Shaw, R. (2004). Social capital: A missing link to disaster recovery. International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters, 22(1): 5-34. National Agrofood Policy (NAFP). Malaysia’s Agrofood Policy (NAP 2011–2020). Available online: https://ap.fftc.org.tw/article/1368 (accessed on 20 September 2021). Nazuri, N. S., Rosnon, M. R., Ahmad, N., Suhaimi, S. S. A., Sharifuddin, J., & Wijekoon, R. (2022). Vindication of linking social capital capacity to urban agriculture: A paradigm of participation based on social empowerment in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Sustainability, 14: 1509. Ndaeji, M. N. (2014). Participation in self-help groups and empowerment among rural women in Niger state, Nigeria. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Pereira, V. A., dos Santos Brandalize, M., Grosko, S., de Oliveira, I. C., Zitkoski, J. J., Corbari, F., & Zonin, W. J. (2023). Extension, popular education and agroecology in family agriculture: experience report of students and graduate teachers. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, 17(7), 1-17. Purwanto, A. (2021). Partial least squares structural squation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis for social and management research: a literature review. Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management Research, 21: 65-84 Putnam, R. (2001). Social capital: Measurement and consequences. Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 2: 41-51. Rappaport, J., & Seidman, E. (2000). Handbook of community psychology. Springer Science & Business Media. Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). Gain more insight from your PLS-SEM results: The importance-performance map analysis. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116: 1865-1886. Riwalnu S. (2014). Community empowerment through participatory approach of Indonesia poverty reduction program. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 153: 209-220. Siegner, A., Sowerwine, J., & Acey, C. (2018). Does urban agriculture improve food security? Examining the nexus of food access and distribution of urban produced foods in the United States: A systematic review. Sustainability, 10: 2988. Siwar, C., Ahmed, F., Bashawir, A., & Mia, M. S. (2016). Urbanization and urban poverty in Malaysia: consequences and vulnerability. Journal of Applied Sciences, 16: 154-160. Smit, J., Bailkey, M., & Van Veenhuizen, R. (2006). Urban agriculture and the building of communities. Van Veenhuizen, R. Cities farming for the future, urban agriculture for green and productive cities, pp. 146-171, Leusden: RUAF Foundation Press. United Nations. (2018). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Woolcock, M. (2001). The place of social capital in understanding social and economic outcomes. Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 2: 11-17. Yan, X., Lin, H., & Clarke, A. (2018). Cross-sector social partnerships for social change: The roles of non-governmental organizations. Sustainability, 10: 558. Yapanto, L. M., Fadhli, A., Tamod, Z. E., Warouw, F. F., Musa, D. T., & Tenda, M. P. (2023). Community Participation in the Management of Tourist Areas (Case Study in the Tourist Area of Bongo, Gorontalo District) Indonesia. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, 17(5), e03460-e03460. Yusoff, N. H., Hussain, M. R. M., & Tukiman, I. (2017). Roles of community towards urban farming activities. Planning Malaysia, 15: 4-10. Zaidi, N. A. M., Yusoff, S., Ismail, M. H. S., Ismail, S. A., Harun, S. N. S., Latif, M. A. (2019). Urban agriculture in Malaysia: Issues, prospects and sustainability. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 26: 17-25. Zainal, M., & Hamzah, S. R. A. (2018). Urban agriculture: The role of knowledge among farmer in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7: 77-85. Zainoddin, A. I., Shaharudin, M. R., Hassim, N. H., Haniff, W. A. A. W., Shaari, N. F., & Legino, R. (2022). The mediating effects of capability development on the relationships between social capital and the effectiveness of community development programme among farmers in malaysia. Journal of Asian Scientific Research, 12: 28-44.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important crop in the Azapa Valley (18°35′ S, 69°30′ W) in northern Chile, with approximately 600 ha of fresh tomatoes under greenhouses. Cultivars resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) races 1 and 2 are mainly used. However, in 2012 and 2013, Fusarium wilt incidence was 2 to 3%. Symptoms appeared unilaterally and consisted of yellowing, leaf wilting of lower leaves, dark brown vascular discoloration, and plant death. The aim of this study was to determine the causal agent of tomato wilt in seven tomato greenhouses in the Azapa Valley. Stem samples (5 × 5 mm) were obtained 10 cm of the stem base from wilted tomatoes ‘Naomi’ (BIOAMERICA S.A., Chile) or from Maxifort tomato rootstock (De Ruiter Seed, USA), both FOL resistant to races 1 and 2. Samples were washed with tap water, surface sterilized with 1% NaClO for 3 min, and incubated on sterile moist paper towels in petri plates for 5 days at 22°C. Mycelial fragments from white colonies, emerging from diseased tissues, were transferred to PDA. Six Fusarium isolates were characterized by the presence of hyaline macroconidia, mostly 3 to 5 septate, slightly curved (19.2 to 32.1 × 2.9 to 4.5 μm) and single-celled, oval to elongated microconidia (3.1 to 8.9 × 2.0 to 4.0 μm). Chlamydospores were single or in pairs. These isolates were identified as F. oxysporum (3). The identity of F. oxysporum was confirmed by PCR assays using genomic DNA of each isolated and the universal primers Uni F and Uni R that generate a 672-bp PCR product. The pathogenic form and races were determined by PCR assays using the specific primers uni, sp13, sp23, and sprl that were able to discriminate all the three FOL races as well as F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) isolates (2). The sp13 and sp23 primers amplified DNA bands of 445 and 518 bp, confirming the identity of FOL race 3. However, sprl amplified a fragment of 947 bp corresponding to FORL (2). Pathogenicity tests were conducted on 25-day-old seedlings (10 seedlings per isolate) of tomato ‘Poncho Negro,’ which is susceptible to FOL and FORL. Seedling roots were cut, submerged for 5 min in conidial suspension of 2 × 106 conidia/ml, and transplanted to 250-ml plastic containers with sterile substrate (sand/peat, 1:1). Equally treated non-inoculated seedlings were left as controls. The first symptoms induced by each of the five FOL isolates appeared 8 days after incubation under greenhouse and were characterized by yellowing of older leaves, sometimes affecting one side of the plant, vascular discoloration of the stem, and eventually plant death. In contrast, all seedlings inoculated with a FORL isolate developed a necrotic lesion and vascular discoloration at the base of the stems near the soil line, followed by wilting and plant death. Control plants remained asymptomatic. F. oxysporum was re-isolated only from inoculated plants, completing Koch's postulates. FOL and FORL were reported earlier in other tomato growing areas of Chile (1), located over 1,000 km south of the Azapa Valley. However, this is the first report of FOL race 3 and FORL in the Azapa Valley and FOL race 3 is reported for the first time in Chile. References: (1) S. Acuña. Compendio de Fitopatógenos de Cultivos Agrícolas. Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero. Gobierno de Chile, 2008. (2) Y. Hirano and T. Arie. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 72:273, 2006. (3) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, IA, 2006.

This paper presents an analysis of Icelandic umlaut in Optimality Theory. We account for umlaut in sal[œ]t-[Y]m ‘lettuce’ (dat. pl.) and d[œ:]g-[Y]m ‘day’ (dat. pl.), in which /a/ is fronted and rounded when followed by [Y], as well as forms such as j[œ]kli ‘glacier’ (dat. sg.) and b[œ]rn ‘child’ (ace. pl.) with an umlauted vowel, but no overt trigger. We explain why there is no umlaut in forms such as dal-n[Y]m ‘valley’ (def.), kakt[Y]s ‘cactus’ (nom. sg.), or d[a:]g-[Y]r ‘day’ (nom. sg.) despite the fact that /a/ occurs in the umlaut environment. We also explain why there is one umlauted vowel in sal[œ]t-[Y]m ≪ /salat + Ym/, but two umlauted vowels in f[œ]t-n[Y]ð-[Y]m ≪ /fat + nað + Ym/ ‘clothing’ (dat. pl.) and why the umlauted vowel is sometimes [Y] and sometimes [œ].

Abstract Lexical ambiguity in the English language is abundant. Word-class ambiguity is even inherently tied to the productive process of conversion. Most lexemes are rather flexible when it comes to word class, which is facilitated by the minimal morphology that English has preserved. This study takes a multivariate quantitative approach to examine potential patterns that arise in a lexicon where verb-noun and noun-verb conversion are pervasive. The distributions of three inflectional suffixes, verbal -s, nominal -s, and -ed are explored for their interaction with degrees of verb-noun conversion. In order to achieve that, the lexical dispersion, context-dependency, and lexical similarity between the inflected and bare forms were taken into consideration and controlled for in a Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS; Stasinopoulos, M. D., R. A. Rigby, and F. De Bastiani. 2018. “GAMLSS: A Distributional Regression Approach.” Statistical Modelling 18 (3–4): 248–73). The results of a series of zero-one-inflated beta models suggest that there is a clear “uncanny” valley of lexemes that show similar proportions of verbal and nominal uses. Such lexemes have a lower proportion of inflectional uses when textual dispersion and context-dependency are controlled for. Furthermore, as soon as there is some degree of conversion, the probability that a lexeme is always encountered without inflection sharply rises. Disambiguation by means of inflection is unlikely to play a uniform role depending on the inflectional distribution of a lexeme.

Many investigations has been done on the efficacy of botanicals against various pest and diseases of crops but there is paucity of information on benefit cost ratio of their application. In the present study five indigenous botanicals extracts of Solanum incanum, Allium hookerii, Mariandra benghalensis and Flogacanthus thyrsiflorus, the indigenous plants of Manipur have been used against the brown spot disease of rice caused by Helminthosporium oryzae. The analysis of benefit cost ratio (BCR) recorded maximum value of BCR in Millettia pachycarpa (1.45:1) followed by Solanum incanum (1.36:1), Allium hookerii (1.33:1), Mariandra benghalensis (1.30:1) and Flogacanthus thyrsiflorus (1.26:1) and in Control (1.13:1). It was found that in treatment M. Pachycarpa an investment of Re.1.00 will generate a gross income of Rs.1.45 or net return (Rs.0.45) and net return for following treatment S. incanum (Rs. 0.36), A. hookerii (Rs.0.33), M. Benghalensis (Rs. 0.30) and F. thyrsiflorus (0.26) as compared to low net return in Control (Rs.0.13). References 1.Arivudainambi, S.; Selvamuthukumaran, T.; Baskaran, P Efficacy of herbal extracts in management of amaranth leaf caterpillar. Int.J.Veg.Sci. 2010, 16: 167-173. Aziz, M.A.; UI Hasan, M.; Ali, A.; Iqbal, J Comparative efficacy of different strategies for management of spotted bollworms, Earias spp .on Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L). Moench. Pak. J. Zool. 2012, 44: 1203-1208. Bedi, K.S.; and Gill, H.S. Losses caused by the brown leaf spot disease in the Punjab. Indian Phytopath . 1960, 13: 161-164. Blankson, W.; Amoabeng, Geoff M. Gurr.; Catherine W. Gitau.; Philip C. Stevenson Cost: benefit analysis of botanical insecticide use in cabbage: Implications for small holder farmers in developing countries. Crop Protection. 2014, 57: 71-76. Datnoff E. L.; and Lentini, S. Richard Brown spot in Florida Rice. 1994, 128 Devi. O.; Jitendiya. D and Chhetry, G.K.N Evaluation of antifungal properties of certain plants against Drechlera oryzae causing brown leaf spot of rice in Manipur valley, Int.J.of Scientific & Res.Publications. 2013, 3(5) 1-3. Chavan, R.T.; Deshmukh, V.L and Kadam, A.S Antibacterial activity of Cassia toria leaves. Recent Research in Science and Technology. 2011, 3(5): 12-14. Gaichui, G Studies on efficacy of plant extracts and used of panchagavya against wilt disease of Chilli caused by Fusarium oxysporum, M.Sc.(Agri.) Thesis submitted to COA, CAU, Imphal. 2008, 54-65. Khalili, E.; Sadravi, M.; Naeimi, S. and Khosravi,V Biological control of rice brown spot with native isolates of three Trichoderma species. Braz. J. Microbiol. 2012, 43: 297-305. Khus, N Assessment of organic and inorganic fertilization and plant density on production potential of rice-rice- cropping system. Madras Agric. J. 2011, 85 (12): 604-607. Oerke, E. C., Dehne D. W., Schonbeck F and Weber A Crop production and crop protection: estimated losses in major food and cash crops. Elsevier Hardcover, Amsterdam. 1994, 830. Pundir, R. K and Jain, P. Comparative studies on the antimicrobial activity of black paper (Piper nigrum) and turmeric (Curcumalonga) extracts. Int. J. of Applied Bio. and Pharmaceutical Techno. 2010, 1(2): 491-501. Shabozoi, N.U.K.; Abro, G.H.; Syed, T.S and Awan, M.S Economic appraisal of pest management options in Okra. Pak. J. Zool. 2011, 43: 869-878. Reddy,V.R.; Reddy, P.P and Kumar, U.H Ecological and economic aspects of shrimp farming in Andhra Pradesh, Indian Journal of agriculture Economics. 2004, 20(1): 435. R.S. Singh. Plant Diseases. 2005. Oxford publisher. Sunder, S.; Singh, R.; Dodan, D.S and Mehla, D.S Effect of different nitrogen levels on brown spot (Drechslera oryzae) of rice and its management through host resistance and fungicides. Pl. Dis.Res. 2005, 20: 111-114.

In 2002, somel sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) fields in the Red River Valley (RRV) of Minnesota and North Dakota had symptoms characteristic of Fusarium yellows (4). In 2004, ≈5% of fields in the RRV had symptomatic plants. Interveinal yellowing of older leaves typically began in mid-July and as the disease progressed, younger leaves turned yellow. Sometimes, one side of the leaf was yellow or necrotic while the other side remained green. As leaves died, they remained attached to the crown. Transverse sections of roots revealed a light gray-brown discoloration of the vascular tissue but no external rotting of roots. Isolations from 35 symptomatic roots collected in eight fields yielded 25 isolates identified as F. oxysporum (from single conidia grown on homemade potato dextrose agar and carnation leaf agar) (3). Pathogenicity was determined by dipping roots of 5-week-old sugar beet plants (cv. ACH 9363) in a suspension of 104 conidia per ml for 8 min (12 isolates, 10 to 12 plants per isolate). Plants were planted in Cone-tainers (3.8 cm diameter × 21 cm; Stuewe and Sons, Inc. Corvallis, OR) containing sterile soil. Three known cultures of F. oxysporum Schlecht. emend. Snyd. & Hans. f. sp. betae Stewart (= F. conglutinans var. betae Stewart [4]) also were included (13 and 216c from L. Hanson, USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, CO; 0-1122 from The Pennyslvania State University Fusarium Research Center). The control was sterile water. Plants were placed in a greenhouse at 24 to 27°C with natural light supplemented with illumination from high-pressure sodium-vapor lamps for 16 h daily and lightly fertilized biweekly to avoid chlorosis from nutrient deficiency. After 6 to 7 weeks, plants were rated for disease on a 0 to 4 scale: 0 = no disease; 1 = slight to extreme plant stunting, leaves may be wilted; 2 = chlorotic leaves, some with necrosis at margins; 3 = tap root dried and brown to black in color, leaves dying; and 4 = plant dead (1). The experiment was repeated. Disease severity differed between trials, but all isolates of F. oxysporum and F. oxysporum f. sp. betae resulted in disease ratings statistically (P < 0.05) greater than that of the water control. In Trial 1, isolates of F. oxysporum averaged a rating of 2.1 (range of 1.8 to 3.3) and F. oxysporum f. sp. betae averaged 2.1 (range of 2.0 to 2.2) compared with 0.1 for the water control. One isolate of F. oxysporum had a statistically higher rating than did the cultures of F. oxysporum f. sp. betae. In Trial 2, isolates of F. oxysporum averaged a rating of 3.3 (range of 2.7 to 3.7) and F. oxysporum f. sp. betae averaged 3.1 (range of 2.7 to 3.4) compared with 0.2 for the water control. Cultures of F. oxysporum (8 of 12) resulted in ratings statistically higher than that of the least pathogenic culture of F. oxysporum f. sp. betae. Cultures of F. oxysporum and F. oxysporum f. sp. betae recovered from inoculated plants were identical to those used to inoculate plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. oxysporum f. sp. betae on sugar beet in the Red River Valley of Minnesota and North Dakota. The disease has been reported in California, Colorado, Montana, Nebraska, Oregon, Texas, and Wyoming (1,2). References: (1) R. A. Cramer et al. J. Phytopathol. 151:352, 2003. (2) G. A. Fisher and J. S. Gerik. Phytopathology 84:1098, 1994. (3) P. E. Nelson et al. Fusarium Species: An illustrated Manual for Identification. The Pennsylvania State University Press. University Park, 1983. (4) D. Stewart. Phytopathology 21:59, 1931.

Studying physical science and then teaching it to children, as is known from decades of science education research, creates a huge problem of unknown origin. This study aims to develop a media and determine its effectiveness in increasing knowledge of physics for children. This research is a research and development with the stages of the ADDIE model to develop Roll Book media with the roll technique containing physical science material for early childhood. Data collection techniques were carried out through expert validation tests and field trial data. Analysis of effectiveness test data using a paired sample T-test statistical test. The results of the media effectiveness test showed an increase in knowledge of physics in the pre-test and pots-test. The summary of all the test results of the developed media shows that Roll Book products are effectively used to increase children's knowledge of physics. The concept of storybook media that has been developed in various interesting forms is expected to be an alternative solution for the scientific development of early childhood education studies. Keywords: Early childhood, Physical science, Roll book References: Angelica Torres, & Vitti, D. (2007). A Kinder Science Fair. Science and Children. Arsyad, A. (2013). Media Pembelajaran [Learning Media]. PT Raja Grafindo Persada. Branch, R. M. (2009). Instructional Design: The ADDIE Approach. Springer Science Business Media. California Department of Education. (2012). California Preschool Learning Foundations (Vol. 3). Sacramento. Charlesworth, R., & Lind, K. K. (2012). Math and Science for Young Children. Cengage Learning. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=p5x-3ir8mz4C Citra, A., Hapidin, D., & Akbar, Z. (2019). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran dan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis terhadap Pemahaman Sains Fisik. 3(1), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v3i1.136 Dewi, T. H. S., Gunarhadi, & Riyadi. (2018). The Important of Learning Media Based on Illustrated Storybook for Primary School. Proceeding of International Conference on Child-Friendly Education, 233–236. Eshach, H., & Fried, M. N. (2005). Should Science Be Taught in Early Childhood? Journal of Science Education and Technology, 14(3), 315–336. Featherstone, S. (2003). The Little Book of Investigations: Little Books with Big Ideas. Featherstone Education Ltd. Fleer, M. (2015). How Preschools Environments Afford Science Learning. In M. Fleer & N. Pramling (Eds.), A Cultural-Historical Study of Children Learning Science: Foregrounding Affective Imagination in Play-based Settings(pp. 23–37). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9370-4_2 Fridberg, M., Jonsson, A., Redfors, A., Thulin, S., Fridberg, M., Jonsson, A., Redfors, A., Thulin, S., Jonsson, A., Redfors, A., & Thulin, S. (2019). 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DINÂMICA DO POTÁSSIO, CLORO E FÓSFORO EM SOLO DA REGIÃO DO SUBMÉDIO DO VALE DO RIO SÃO FRANCISCO PEDRO ROBINSON FERNANDES DE MEDEIROS1; MARAÍSA DA SILVA FERREIRA2; JARBAS HONÓRIO DE MIRANDA3; MIGUEL JÚLIO MACHADO GUIMARÃES4; ALLAN CUNHA BARROS5 E CLÁUDIO AUGUSTO UYEDA6 1 Colegiado de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco – Campus Juazeiro, Av. Antônio C. Magalhães, 510 - Country Club, Juazeiro - BA, CEP: 48902-300. Brasil. E-mail: pedro.fernandes@univasf.edu.br. 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco – Campus Juazeiro, Av. Antônio C. Magalhães, 510 - Country Club, Juazeiro - BA, CEP: 48902-300. Brasil. E-mail: silva.maraisaf@gmail.com. 3 Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba - SP, CEP 13418-900. Brasil. E-mail: jhmirand@usp.br. 4 Colegiado de Agronomia, Instituto Federal do Maranhão - Campus São Raimundo das Mangabeiras., Rod. Transamazônica, sn, São Raimundo das Mangabeiras - MA, CEP: 65840-000. Brasil. E-mail: miguel.guimaraes@ifma.edu.br. 5 Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas – Campus Arapiraca, Av. Manoel Severino Barbosa - Bom Sucesso, Arapiraca - AL, CEP: 57309-005. Brasil. E-mail: allan.cunha@arapiraca.ufal.br. 6 Departamento de Desenvolvimento Educacional, Instituto Federal do Pernambuco - Campus Vitória do Santo Antão, End.: Propriedade Terra Preta, s/n, Zona Rural, Vitória de Santo Antão - PE, CEP: 55602-970. Brasil. E-mail: claudio.uyeda@vitoria.ifpe.edu.br. 1 RESUMO Os modelos matemáticos podem ser usados para entender a dinâmica dos íons no solo, em função principalmente da mobilidade da fração liquida em ralação a fração sólida. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o deslocamento miscível dos íons potássio, cloro e fósforo, em colunas de PVC preenchidas com Argissolo Amarelo Distrófico típico (PAd) em diferentes densidades, utilizando como ferramenta adicional, o modelo matemático STANMOD (STudio of ANalytical MODels) para o ajuste numérico das Breakthrough Curves (BTC). Os ensaios foram realizados no Laboratório de Irrigação da UNIVASF Campus Juazeiro-BA, utilizando-se colunas de PVC nas profundidades (alturas) de 0,10; 0,20 e 0,30 m e nas densidades de 1,30; 1,50 e 1,70 g cm-3. Utilizou-se solução com concentração de 1000 mg L-1 contendo os fertilizantes Cloreto de Potássio (58% de K2O e 39% de Cl) e Superfosfato Simples (8% de P2O5, 16% de Cálcio (Ca) e 8% de Enxofre (S)). Os resultados permitiram concluir que os íons potássio, cloro e fósforo tiveram uma elevada mobilidade no Argissolo Amarelo Distrófico típico (PAd) apresentando um menor valor do fator de retardamento (R) e um maior número de Peclet (P). O modelo STANMOD apresentou desempenho satisfatório no ajuste numérico das Breakthrough Curves (BTC´s). Palavras-chave: dispersividade, curvas de avanço de íons, dinâmica de solutos, STANMOD MEDEIROS, P. R. F.; FERREIRA, M. S.; MIRANDA, J. H.; GUIMARÃES, M. J. M.; BARROS, A. C.; UYEDA, C. A. IONS DYNAMICS IN POTASSIUM, CHLORINE AND PHOSPHORUS IN SOILS IN THE SÃO FRANCISCO RIVER VALLEY 2 ABSTRACT Mathematical models can be used to understand the dynamics of ions in the soil, mainly due to the mobility of the liquid fraction in relation to the solid fraction. The objective was to measure the miscible displacement of potassium, chlorine and phosphorus ions in PVC columns filled with typical Dystrophic Yellow Argisol (PAd) in different densities, using the mathematical model STANMOD (Analytical Model Studio) as an additional tool Numeric Advance Curves (BTC). The tests were conducted at the Irrigation Laboratory of UNIVASF Campus Juazeiro-BA, using PVC columns at depths (heights) of 0.10; 0.20 and 0.30 m and densities of 1.30; 1.50 and 1.70 g cm-3. A solution with a concentration of 1000 mg L-1 containing the fertilizers Potassium chloride (58% K2O and 39% Cl) and Simple Superphosphate (8% P2O5, 16% Calcium (Ca) and 8% Sulfur) was used. (S)). The results allowed to conclude that the potassium, chlorine and phosphorus ions had high mobility in the typical Yellow Dystrophic Argisol (PAd), reducing a lower value of the delay factor (R) and a greater number of Peclet (P). The STANMOD model presents satisfactory performance without numerical adjustment of Breakthrough Curves (BTC´s). Keywords: dispersive, ion advance curves, solute dynamics, STANMOD