Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vulcanisation à température ambiante'
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Feyne, Florian. "Vieillissement thermique d’un joint silicone réticulé à température ambiante : Rôle du confinement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ESMA0015.
Full textSilicone elastomers are frequently used in industry for their low manufacturing cost as seals, with good mechanical properties as well as increased chemical and thermal resistance. However, the thermal ageing of silicone seals is rarely performed at temperatures lower than 100-120 °C. Research work performed during this PhD aims at studying the thermal ageing of RTV (room temperature vulcanized) elastomer seals under moderate ageing temperatures. The industrial application is designed with thin injected silicone seals and vulcanised in confined structures at room-temperature. Targeted lifespans involve developing a methodology based on accelerated ageing in a temperature range between 30°C and 70°C for 10 to 600 days. Industrial representative multi-layered samples, inside which the seal in injected, were designed and manufactured using specifically designed injection moulded for the research works. A total confinement has also been applied to monitor its impact on the ageing mechanism of the seal.The impact of thermal ageing is monitored using several mechanical and physical-chemical characterisations. The thickness of the seal inside the application is smaller than 1mm. The mechanical study performed on the surface of the seal needed a unique development of instrumented indentation method for filled elastomers behaving hyper-elastically. Measurement and analysis method takes into account the surface roughness as well as the low stiffness of the material to better detect the contact point. A good agreement was established between the elastic moduli measured by tensile tests and instrumented indentation. Dissipative cyclic mechanical behaviours reveal similar trends at both scales. The virgin material, a filled PDMS-RTV, has an homogeneous and random distribution of SiO2 and CaCO3 fillers. Moreover, the 3D network is chemically homogeneous and made of short chains without covalent bonds with fillers. A small fraction of chains is however not cross-linked to the network. The hyperelastic and dissipative mechanical behaviour was characterised through monotonic failure tensile tests, multi-steps relaxation tests, cyclic tests and instrumented indentation tests. It was found that the dissipative mechanical behaviour mainly comes from the Mullins effect. The open to air thermal ageing leads to a degradation and stiffening of the surfaces, high mass and volume loss, an embrittlement and a stiffening at the macroscopic scale. The elastic indentation moduli at the core of the samples remain constant. Infrared spectroscopy reveals a higher fraction of fillers on the sample surface. Thus, the proposed ageing mechanism is based on the evaporation of chemical species which are not cross-linked to the network. This mechanism can present several kinetics. All the characterisations were applied to the confined thermally aged samples and the results showed no remarkable evolutions of the mechanical nor physical-chemical properties on the protected surfaces. Thus, the evaporation of the chemical species noticed for the open to air ageing is blocked
Hai, Xueying. "Matériaux magnétocaloriques pour la réfrigération magnétique à température ambiante." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY073/document.
Full textThe magnetocaloric effect (MCE) is characterized by a magnetic entropy change and an adiabatic temperature change. The NaZn13-type La(Fe,Si)13 system has attracted wide interest because of its first-order ferromagnetic phase transition with a large magnetocaloric effect. The transition temperature can be flexibly adjusted through substitution or interstitial insertion. Particularly, hydrogen interstitials can adapt the temperature range to room-temperature applications. Precise adjustment can be achieved by full hydrogen absorption then partial desorption. However, fully hydrogenated alloys are unstable upon heating. It is important to have a better understanding of its hydrogen stability to optimize its application potential.In the first part, the structural, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties of La(Fe,Si)13 phases are studied. In particular, we have investigated the effect of substitution of Ce on the La site and Mn on the Fe sites. The partial substitution of Ce results in the decrease of TC with decreasing lattice constant. At the same time, Ce substitution for La results in a reduced volume of the octahedral interstitial site due to steric effect. The interstitial insertion is impeded by Ce partial substitution.Secondly, the effects of interstitial atoms such as hydrogen and carbon are examined. These elements are able to enter the interstitial voids in the La(Fe,Si)13 phase, expanding the lattice. Through the extension of Fe-Fe distances, the Curie temperature of the magnetocaloric phase can be raised up to room temperature range. The influence of small concentration of carbon on the magnetic properties of samples is examined prior to hydrogenation and carbon content is optimized. In order to investigate the interstitial dynamics, the hydrogen sorption kinetics is studied by the means of Sieverts’ volumetric method and neutron diffraction. Particular attention has been given to the adjustment of the structure in the course of hydrogen/deuterium interstitial absorption and desorption.Steady-state and in-situ neutron diffractions provide precise information of the interstitial atom location of the sequential filling of the accommodating sites. The structural investigation allows specifying the deformations undergone in the complex metallic alloys La-Fe-Si when subjected to light interstitial insertion or rare earth substitution at the cation site. We show that the depression or enhancement of the hydrogenation kinetics may be related to the particular inhomogeneous cell variation of bonding in the structure. A mechanism for the diffusion path is suggested.The mechanism is light atom insertion into the interstitial sites is not only strongly related to the available space for accommodation, but also associated with the facility of the diffusion path in the lattice. We demonstrate with experimental results that a modest addition of carbon in the La-Fe-Si phase prior to hydrogenation can effectively slow down the hydrogen insertion kinetics. In Ce-substituted La-Ce-Fe-Si phases, carbon insertion can help retain hydrogen atoms during desorption, therefore, offering a prospect to have improved stability of hydrogenated materials for long-term applications. The hydrogen stability of the material is examined by means of thermal desorption in DSC and an enhancement of the thermal stability of the material is achieved with carbon-doping.Lastly, in the search of new rare-earth-free materials for magnetocaloric applications, we have explored the capacity of alloys of types FeCrNi and FeCrMn. The magnetic and structural transitions of these alloys of different compositions are studied and their potential for magnetocaloric application is examined in this thesis
Orieux, Adeline. "Sources semiconductrices d'états à deux photons à température ambiante." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077157.
Full textIn this work, we design and characterize semiconductor sources of two-photon states for integrated quantum information. These devices are based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion in AlGaAs waveguides and emit photon pairs at room temperature and telecom wavelength. The first source is a twin photon emitting laser diode, based on a modal phase-matching between an electrically injected Bragg laser mode at 775 nm and the telecom photon modes within the same waveguide. We describe the structure design, its linear and nonlinear optical behaviour, and its characteristics under electrical current injection. The achievement of laser emission and second harmonic generation in the same device open the way towards an ultra-compact source of photon pairs. The second device under study is based on a transverse pumping geometry in which a laser beam impinging on top of the waveguide produces two counterpropagating waveguided telecom photons. We explore the huge versatility of the two-photon quantum state generated by this source, namely the possibilities of state engineering in the frequency domain that are inabled by this geometry. We also present the first experimental demonstration of polarization entangled photon pairs achieved with this device, together with a model allowing to predict the entanglement quality from the spatial and spectral distribution of the pumping beam. These sources of non classical states of light, compact and capable of electrical injection on chip are excellent candidates for future photonic implementations of quantum information
Maynard, Marie-Aude. "Stockage d'impulsions lumineuses dans l'hélium métastable à température ambiante." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS445/document.
Full textThe need to synchronise quantum information and communication protocols implies the use of quantum memories. Different physical systems are investigated nowadays, among which ions in crystals, cold atoms and atomic vapours. The most common protocol is based on the Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) phenomenon: a light pulse is engraved in the Raman coherence of both ground states of an atomic Lambda–type three-level system. Though it opens promising perspectives, with respect to efficiency, fidelity and storage time, this technique is, however, sensitive to dephasing effects such as magnetic field gradients.In this thesis, I first study the storage of classical light pulses via EIT in a room- temperature metastable helium vapor. The obtained experimental results agree with the numerical simulation of the complete Maxwell-Bloch equations of the system. In particular, the existence of an extra phase acquired by the retrieved pulse is demonstrated in the detuned configuration, which can be explained by the propagation of the signal beam in the medium. In the second part, I experimentally isolate, in the same system, a new storage protocol based on the Coherent Population Oscillation (CPO) phenomenon, which is by nature more robust than EIT to dephasing effects. The numerical simulations allow us to precisely analyse the mechanisms involved in a CPO memory and, in particular, the influence of the relative phase between the signal and coupling beams on the storage efficiencies
Chausse, Eric. "Test et modélisation de détecteurs infrarouges microbolométriques à température ambiante." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0021.
Full textBossé, Emilie. "Comportement des actinides dans les liquides ioniques à température ambiante." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112159.
Full textThe room temperature ionic liquids are potentially interesting for the treatment of nuclear fuel. But the knowledge of the behaviour of actinides in the ionic liquids is fragmented because these solvents are new, young and many. In a first time, the ionic liquids [BuMelm] [Tf₂N] and [MeBu₃N] [Tf₂N] have been studied in ⍺ and Ƴ irradiation with different atmosphere (argon and air) and concentrations of water. ESI-MS, NMR and liquid chromatography coupled ESI-MS analysis demonstrate a multitude of degradation products but in a very small quantitie. This good radiolytic stability makes it a major advantage for the studies of actinides. In a second time, the interaction between an anionic complex of uranium (UCI₆² ֿ) and the cation of the ionic liquid and too the study of the hydrolysis of An⁴໋(An= uranium, neptunium, plutonium) were conducted in different ionic liquids ([MeBu₃N] [Tf₂N], [BuMe₂Im] [Tf₂N] and [BuMelm][Tf₂N]). The experimental results showed that the intensity of these interactions between UCI₆² anion and the ionic liquid cation depends on the latter and follows the order : MeBu₃ N໋~ BuMe₂Im໋〈〈BuMeIm໋. In addition, the results obtained by UV/Vis spectroscopy showed that the reaction of hydrolysis in the ionic liquids is slow, secondary compared to the oxidation or the disproportionation and that the amount of water in ionic liquid must be relatively large compared to the concentration of actinide. The results from the coupling of different analytical techniques (NMR, mass spectrometry, UV-Visible, Infra-red, electrochemistry. . . . ) have allowed a first approach in the understanding of the actinides in the room temperature ionic liquids
Caillet, Xavier. "Une microcavité semiconductrice source de photons jumeaux contrapropageants à température ambiante." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077218.
Full textThis work is devoted to the conception and demonstration of a semiconductor waveguide emitting counterpropagating twin photons for Quantum Information. Several criteria make it a promising device: integrability, compactness, room temperature operation, high collection efficiency, spectral width of the generated photons, and the easy control of the degree of frequency correlation. Some of these properties stems from the original geometry of the device: the generated photons are created by Parametric Fluorescence inside a non-linear waveguide, optically pumped by the top. The idea at the ongin of this work is the integration of a microcavity with a structure based on counterpropagating geometry, which allows to optimise the performances of the source. After a brief introduction of the research field, a complete study of the properties of the device is shown which ended in the design of an optimized structure. The realized samples were characterized through optical losses measurements in the waveguide regime and through Second Harmonic Generation experiments. A Parametric Fluorescence experiment was then conducted in order to estimate the performances of the new device. The integration of a vertical microcavity allowed in particular a two orders of magnitude increase of the source conversion efficiency. The quality of the generated quantum state was verified via a Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment which is a indistinguability test between two photons. The good visibility obtained opens the way to a large number of Quantum Information experiments using this source
Foletto, Marc. "Les micro-jets de plasma à pression atmosphérique et température ambiante." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30026/document.
Full textMicroplasma jets propagating in a helium flow surrounded by air at ambient pressure and temperature have attracted the attention of many researchers over the past decade. These microplasma jets are ignited in a cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) powered by impulse or sinusoidal voltage pulses with an amplitude of several kilovolts and then propagate as an ionization wave in the helium flow outside the DBD. The plasma so-generated is confined to the region where helium is the dominant species because ionization of the surrounding air requires a significantly higher electric field strength than is present at the ionization front in the plasma jet. The putative biomedical applications of microplasma jets are particularly promising because they provide a way of producing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species some centimeters downstream from the DBD without significant gas heating. The objective of the work reported in this thesis has been to develop a better understanding of the influence of the operating conditions and geometry on the properties of the plasma jets. To this end, experimental and numerical studies of the hydrodynamics of the helium flow and simulations of the generation and propagation of the microplasma jet have been carried out
Bengio, David. "Comportement électrochimique des lanthanides dans des liquides ioniques à température ambiante." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS116/document.
Full textIonic liquids (ILs) are salts composed of an anion and an organic cation with a melting point below 100°C. They are promising solvents for the electrolytic separation of lanthanide elements. However, in order to develop such processes, experimental data is still needed. A bibliographic study highlighted important physico-chemical properties of these media which allowed to chose appropriate ILs and anticipate their electrochemical behavior. Ionic liquids composed of quartenary ammonium cations and the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NTf2) anion were chosen for their low viscosity, high conductivity and wide electrochemical window.First of all, the electrochemical behavior of the neat ionic liquid N,N-trimethylbutylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([N4111][NTf2]) at platinum, gold and glassy carbon electrodes was studied. Surface phenomena similar to those observed in aqueous H2SO4 solutions are observed at gold and platinum electrodes before the solvent oxidation potential (from 2.3 V vs Fc+/Fc onwards). The respective roles of water concentration and acidity on these reactions were studied. The formation of an oxide layer and the oxidation of water both generate protons. The reduction of the oxide layer on reversal scan forms an activated metallic surface on which protons can adsorb and be reduced to H2.Eu(III)/Eu(II) and Ce(IV)/Ce(III) redox couples were the studied in the more conductive 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ionic liquid ([EMIm][NTf2]). Thermodynamic and kinetic data were obtained. Europium was shown to be quite stable in its divalent state. Coupling electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques (UV-Visible, Time Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy, X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy…) enabled the acquisition of structural data concerning the complexes formed in solution at different oxidation states. Once again, the effect of water concentration in the ionic liquid was closely monitored. In the case of cerium, the influence of chloride and acetate ions addition on the stability of the +IV oxidation state was studied. The experiments conducted are a first step towards the understanding of the electrolysis mechanism for these elements
Este, Alexia. "Modélisation de l’endommagement d’un composite 3D carbone/carbone : comportement à température ambiante." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0006/document.
Full text3D C/C composites are commonly employed in aerospace industry due to their outstandingmechanical properties at high temperatures. In order to ensure the integrity of structures,knowledge of the composite mechanical behaviour and fracture mechanisms is crucial.For this purpose, damage modeling of a 3D C/C composite, at room temperature, isproposed in which a meso-scale approach is considered. At this description scale, 3D C/Ccomposites are made of two materials : carbon fibers yarns and carbon matrix. Each materialbehavior is modeled by an elastic damage law (isotropic for matrix, orthotropic for yarns)with a limited number of parameters.The parameters identification process is based on experimentaldata obtained from previous work and from an experimental campaign carried outthrough this thesis work. This campaign aimed to a greater understanding of the materialmechanical behavior at mesoscopic scale. Furthermore, experimental tests were carried outto validate the composite modeling. It is shown that experimental reponses obtained fromfour-point and three-point bending tests are particularly well described from the proposedmesoscopic model
Diehr, Matthieu. "Spectroscopie rovibrationnelle théorique de l'ozone : génération du spectre d'absorption à température ambiante." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MARN0291.
Full textIn order to understand the ozone behaviour in atmospheric chemistry, but also to monitor its abundance, one needs a good knowledge of the spectral parameters. In this work, one shows that it is now possible to study the rovibrationnal spectroscopy of an asymmetric top molecule with three heavy atoms. This is done by the way of the computational chemistry and is applied to the electronic ground state of ozone. The electronic ab initio calculations are able to provide highly correlated wave functions and reach a large amount of the correlation energy. The given potential and dipole moment surfaces are precise and are expressed in a compact and handy form. This surfaces are essential in order to compute the spectral data, including the absolute line intensities. They are obtained here by using a variational code with a exact kinetic energy operator, optimized for this problem. This allow us, for the first time, to study from the first principles, a large number of rovibrationnal levels (up to J=64) for a molecule with three heavy atoms. The results lead to the construction of a spectroscopic database containing around 32 millions lines in a good agreement with the actual experimental data
Vianey, Isabelle. "Micro-caractérisation du système AG/SI(111)7x7 formé à température ambiante." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30050.
Full textKrafft, Fara. "Etude des substrats de GaAs par l'imagerie de photoluminescence à température ambiante." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECDL0061.
Full textRakovska, Anna. "InAsSb sur GaSb : un matériau pour la détection infrarouge à température ambiante." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066398.
Full textLi, Jianquan. "Synthèse à température ambiante et caractérisation de sulfures inorganiques mésostructurés et microporeux." Mulhouse, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MULH0484.
Full textNayak, Aditya. "Mécanismes moléculaires de la perception de la température ambiante chez les plantes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV009.
Full textAmbient temperature plays a direct role in plant functioning and development. Increase in global ambient temperatures poses a significant challenge to wild and cultivated plant species. Most plant species adjust reproductive timing and development to optimize survival and fitness in higher ambient temperatures (Barnabás et al., 2008; Fitter and Fitter, 2002; Willis et al., 2008). These adaptations generally lead to elongated hypocotyls, fewer leaves at time of flowering, accelerated transition from vegetative to reproductive growth phases, fewer seeds, smaller seed pods and decreased leaf area. In the face of rapid climate change, specifically increased ambient growth permissive temperatures, tuning plant thermoresponse is urgently needed to engineer plants for adaptation to climate change and for securing future food production.PIF4 expression is controlled by evening complex (EC), a 3 protein complex comprising of ELF3, ELF4 and LUX, in a temperature dependent manner. The EC is able to repress PIF4 expression by binding to specific motifs at the promoter of PIF4 at lower ambient growth temperature. However this repression of PIF4 expression is removed at higher ambient growth temperature leading to premature ageing of plantsResultsAll three proteins of EC were produced using different expression strategy, ELF4 and LUX in E. coli while ELF3 in insect cells. Protein purification methods and buffers were optimized to obtain stable ELF3 ELF4 and LUX. Size exclusion chromatography was done to verify oligomeric states of the proteins. Since LUX is the only protein in the EC which has known DNA binding domain, it was used for doing mobility shift assays to understand the binding affinity of LUX for its target DNA Motifs which were obtained from protein binding microarrays assays. From the mobility shift assays, it was observed that the DNA binding domain (DBD) alone could bind to its substrate DNA motifs at Nano molar concentrations while 10 fold excesses amount of protein was required for the full length LUX to obtain same amount of binding. High throughput crystallization trails were carried out for full length LUX and LUX- DBD with two different binding motifs. No crystals were obtained for full length LUX while Crystals were obtained for LUX DBD with both the DNA Motifs. Structure for LUX DBD in complex with its target motifs were solved through X-Ray diffraction. Using site directed mutagenesis and Mobility shift assays it was confirmed that this Arginine present at the 146 position of the protein is critical for determining affinity. It was found that the binding affinity was reduced by a factor of 5 when this amino acid was changed. Further to understand its effect in planta.. With this experiments we were able to show that with the R146A mutant full complementation wasn’t observed while the wildtype version was able to completely complement the mutant phenotype.To understand temperature based dynamics of the complex, ELF3, which is the most intrinsically disordered protein of the three proteins that constitute the complex, was studied for structural variation through CD spectroscopy and DLS experiments. From these experiments it was found that ELF3 attains a β-sheet like confirmation at higher temperature while a more globular confirmation at lower temperatures. It was found that this activity of ELF is reversible allowing for flexibility of the whole complex. We found that there were prion like domains in ELF3 protein which were primarily responsible for transition to β-sheet structure at higher temperature.In Order to engineer plants that could survive at higher ambient temperature, we decided to mutate promoter elements of PIF4 through CRISPR/Cas9 to obtain plants that can survive higher temperature
Roudaut, Julien. "Modélisation et conception de systèmes de réfrigération magnétique autour de la température ambiante." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00652481.
Full textYvenou, Etienne. "Développement de modules thermoélectriques imprimés et flexibles pour des applications à température ambiante." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI071/document.
Full textThermoelectricity can convert directly and reversibly a heat flux into an electric current with p and n-type semiconductors. Conjugated polymers, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxithiophene) (PEDOT), offers an alternative to the best room temperature thermoelectric materials based on bismuth telluride alloys which used scarce, hazardous and hard to process raw materials.This PhD work aims to enhance the electrical conductivity of an in-situ polymerised PEDOT and make it easy to process with large scale printing techniques like spray-coating.The first part focus on the optimisation of this synthetized PEDOT through spin-coating. The doping of this PEDOT is stabilised with the counter-ion trifluoromethanesulfonate (OTf-). One way of enhancement is to add co-solvents like pyridine and NMP in order to slow down the polymerisation rate. Consequently, PEDOT:OTf get a better structure and reach an outstanding electrical conductivity of 3,600 S.cm-1 without decreased the Seebeck coefficient which remains around 20 µv.K-1.The second part studies pro and cons of the ultrasonic spray as a coating technic to this enhanced PEDOT:OTf. This technic allows to keep an ink formulation closed of the spin-coating one and can print thick films (~ 1 µm) with an electrical conductivity above 1650 S.cm-1. XRD and transport measurements are achieved in order to understand and compare both spray and spin-coating techniques. And therefore, to enlighten improvement on formulation and process.At last, several examples of spray-coated thermoelectric generators are shown and tested. Thus by printing more than 300 thermocouples connected in series and rolled into a cylinder, such devices could produce 1 µW with a gradient of temperature of 35 °C on a surface less than a 5 cm2 (size of a coin).This thesis work wishes to provide insight on the process-electrical relationship in conducting polymers
Coduti, Giovanni Antonio Coduti. "Etude de l'interaction d'une onde électromagnétique avec un plasma d'air à température ambiante." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112016.
Full textWe indicate under the name of radar a system which illuminates a portion space with an electromagnetic wave and receives waves reflected by objects which are there. It makes it possible to detect their existence and to determine characteristics of these objects. Measurements of Radar Cross Section (RCS) carried out with ONERA show that the air intake behaves as reflectors which reflect waves radars in their direction of incidence. During this study, a number of processes was explored for the SER reduction of aircraft starting from electric discharges in flows of air around atmospheric pressure. Absorption calculs of a wave EM by a homogeneous plasma shows the importance of electrons number Ne necessary for a significant attenuation in the ionized ambient air. However, the maintenance of free electrons proves to be difficult in a mixture N2 - O2 (vibrationel excitation of molecule N2 by electrons and electronic attachment on the molecule O2). Only detachment of negative ions O2- by excited oxygen O2(a1Dg) produced in the discharge could be likely to maintain a density electronic of about 1012 cm-3. Lastly, stability problems of the electric discharges still limit the use of air plasmas for the furtivity a high pressure. However, two types of discharges likely to overcome these disadvantages were put in evidence: glow discharge negative point - plan (NPP) and discharge a dynamic regulation (DDR)
Colotte, Marthe. "Stabilité chimique et conformationnelle de l’ADN à l’état sec et à température ambiante." Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21535.
Full textBounouar, Samir. "Corrélation de photons sur un émetteur de photons uniques semi-conducteur à température ambiante." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00727393.
Full textNonnet, Emmanuel. "Etude de la température ambiante à 1600 °c, par méthode ultrasonore, de réfractaires monolithiques." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066374.
Full textSannier, Lucas. "Mise au point d'un électrolyte gélifié pour accumulateurs au lithium fonctionnant à température ambiante." Amiens, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AMIE0311.
Full textTang-Mu, Wei. "Oxydation photocatalytique d'hydrocarbures cycliques en phase liquide à température ambiante au contact de TiO2." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10137.
Full textCare, Sabine. "Plasticité et endommagement du zirconium alpha-polycristallin déformé en traction à la température ambiante." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EPXX0003.
Full textEliard, Camille. "Etude spectroscopique de la réaction de vulcanisation et du vieillissement thermique de matériaux caoutchoutiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R022/document.
Full textUnderstanding the rubber materials’ aging is a challenge in the world of industry. To respond at this problematic, the characterization of the material at each stage of its preparation is essential. Actually, sulfur vulcanization is often used in industry while the reaction’s mechanisms and the structure of the materials formed are still hypothetical and controversial. Knowledge of these mechanisms would improve the life of rubbers. For this we have used innovative techniques such as Direct Analysis at Real-Time coupled with Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS) and Electronic Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). Spectroscopic analysis by EPR and DART-MS is performed on each additive and mixture (rubber and additives) at different stages of their preparation (raw, uncured and vulcanized) to make a database. The center of the thesis is the study conducted by EPR on the vulcanization reaction and the accelerated aging of materials to provide response’s elements on the radical mechanisms proposed in the literature. Vulcanization is studied by comparing the ex-situ study which the material is vulcanized in the rheometer and the in-situ study which mimicking the vulcanization reaction in the EPR spectrometer for a real-time study. EPR analyzes show the presence of different paramagnetic species (organic and metallic) evolving during the vulcanization and aging reaction. EPR spectroscopy shows clearly its interest in the study of the vulcanization reaction and in the aging
Bernier, Richard. "Impact d'une température ambiante élevée sur le potentiel thermolytique de la tête chez le pigeon." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq25499.pdf.
Full textGasser, Alain. "Sur la modélisation et l'identification du comportement mécanique des composites céramique-céramique à température ambiante." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DENS0024.
Full textDaniélou, Armelle. "Etude métallurgique du comportement en fatigue d'aciers sans interstitiels au voisinage de la température ambiante." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECAP0714.
Full textCapron, Mickaël. "Synthèse et caractérisation d'aluminates et d'aluminosilicates de la température ambiante jusqu'au liquide à hautes températures." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2064.
Full textJomaah, Jalal. "Propriétés électriques et modèles physiques des composants mos/soi (simox) à température ambiante et cryogénique." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0152.
Full textLe, Rouzo Guillaume. "Contribution à la caractérisation des liquides ioniques à température ambiante sous l'effet des rayonnements ionisants." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112208.
Full textRoom-Temperature Ionic Liquids are potentially interesting for nuclear fuel treatment. Within this framework, ionic liquids stability towards ionizing radiations (α, β or γ) is determining their potential application. The aim of this work is to assess a better understanding of ionic liquids behaviour under radiolysis. Ionic liquids chosen in these studies are constituted with BuMeIm+ (or Bu3MeN+) cation associated with various anions: Tf2N-, TfO-, PF6- and BF4-. In particular, development of suitable chemical analysis tools is crucial for characterization of these compounds. Ionic liquids stability has been mainly studied under γ irradiation, but also under electron beam or heavy particules irradiations. Ionic liquids degradation under radiolysis has been determined with two complementary approaches. The first one aims at understanding radio-induced degradation mechanisms with radical species analysis by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy (EPR). The second one aims at characterizing stable radiolysis products formed in liquid and gaseous phases. Studies were conducted with several analytical techniques: ElectroSpray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS), High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC, HPLC/UV-VIS, HPLC/ESI-MS), Gas Analysis Mass Spectrometry (Gas MS) and Gas Chromatography hyphenated with Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Firstly, the ionic liquid [BuMeIm][Tf2N] has been studied under γ irradiation. Radiolytic stability has been quantitatively assessed for high doses of radiations and a proposal of degradation scheme has been proposed on the basis of radio-induced radicals and radiolysis products analysis. Those data have been compared to those obtained for the γ radiolysis of the ionic liquid [Bu3MeN][Tf2N], enabling to assess cation influence on ionic liquids radiolysis. Secondly, degradation under γ irradiation of ionic liquids [BuMeIm][X] (X- = Tf2N-, TfO-, PF6-, BF4-) has been quantitatively and qualitatively compared. Those data enable to assess anion influence on ionic liquids radiolysis. Finally, studies on water presence and on its concentration in ionic liquids have been undertaken in order to determine effects of water radiolysis on ionic liquids radiolysis
Eliard, Camille. "Etude spectroscopique de la réaction de vulcanisation et du vieillissement thermique de matériaux caoutchoutiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LILUR022.
Full textUnderstanding the rubber materials’ aging is a challenge in the world of industry. To respond at this problematic, the characterization of the material at each stage of its preparation is essential. Actually, sulfur vulcanization is often used in industry while the reaction’s mechanisms and the structure of the materials formed are still hypothetical and controversial. Knowledge of these mechanisms would improve the life of rubbers. For this we have used innovative techniques such as Direct Analysis at Real-Time coupled with Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS) and Electronic Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). Spectroscopic analysis by EPR and DART-MS is performed on each additive and mixture (rubber and additives) at different stages of their preparation (raw, uncured and vulcanized) to make a database. The center of the thesis is the study conducted by EPR on the vulcanization reaction and the accelerated aging of materials to provide response’s elements on the radical mechanisms proposed in the literature. Vulcanization is studied by comparing the ex-situ study which the material is vulcanized in the rheometer and the in-situ study which mimicking the vulcanization reaction in the EPR spectrometer for a real-time study. EPR analyzes show the presence of different paramagnetic species (organic and metallic) evolving during the vulcanization and aging reaction. EPR spectroscopy shows clearly its interest in the study of the vulcanization reaction and in the aging
Renaudeau, David. "Adaptation nutritionnelle et physiologique aux températures ambiantes élevées chez la truie en lactation." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10135.
Full textSylvia, Matzen. "Films ultraminces épitaxiés de MnFe2O4, CoFe2O4 et NiFe2O4 pour le filtrage de spin à température ambiante." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00644352.
Full textPalosse, Mathieu. "Élaboration et étude de vannes de spin organiques : vers le transport de spin à température ambiante." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00910758.
Full textHijazi, Mohamad. "Capteur de gaz SnO2 fonctionnalisé fonctionnant à température ambiante, sensible et sélectif pour la détection d’ammoniac." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEM030/document.
Full textOne of the major challenges in the modern era is how we can detect the disease when we are still feeling healthy via noninvasive methods. Exhaled breath analysis is offering a simple and noninvasive tool for early diagnosis of diseases. Molecularly modified SnO2 sensors seem to be promising devices for sensing polar gases such as ammonia. SnO2 surface functionalization was performed in order to obtain sensitive and selective ammonia gas sensor that operates at room temperature. The first step of functionalization is the covalently attachment of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) film on SnO2 in vapor or liquid phases. The characterization performed by the Infrared Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, show that more APTES were grafted by hydrous liquid phase silanization. The second step was the functionalization of APTES modified SnO2 with molecules having acyl chloride of end functional groups molecules such as alkyl, acid and ester groups. Pure SnO2 and APTES modified SnO2 sensors did not show any significant sensitivity to ammonia (0.2-100 ppm) at 25 °C. On the contrary, acid and ester modified sensors are sensitive to ammonia between 0.2 and 10 ppm at room temperature. However, ester modified SnO2 was more selective than acid modified sensor regarding the ethanol and carbon monoxide gases. Ammonia variates the attached molecular layer’s dipole moment which leads to change in SnO2 conductance. Working at ambient temperature is also one of the advantages of these sensors in addition to the selectivity to ammonia regarding other gases such as ethanol, carbon monoxide and acetone
Androussi, Yidir. "Mécanismes de déformation plastique de l'Arséniure de Gallium sous très forte contrainte et à température ambiante." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL1A001.
Full textTrassin, Morgan. "Couches minces de Ga2-xFexO3 par ablation laser pulsée : vers un matériau magnétoélectrique à température ambiante." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/TRASSIN_Morgan_2009.pdf.
Full textThe phenomenon describing the coupling between electric and magnetic properties in a single phase material is called magnetoelectric effect. This effect allows an electrical control of the magnetization which is very promising for spintronic. Magnetoelectric memories would combine advantages of both ferroelectric and magnetic memories. BiFeO3 is the only material which presents magnetoelectric properties at room temperature. Unfortunately, this compound is ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic and therefore presents no resulting magnetization. There is a real need to find materials which present magnetoelectric properties at room temperature with a non zero magnetization. We focused on the polar ferrimagnetic compound Ga2-xFexO3 (GFO), the magnetoelectric properties of which are known in the bulk form. The thin films were synthesized by pulsed laser deposition. Modifying the Fe/Ga ratio allowed to increase the Neel temperature over room temperature. Finally, the elaboration and the insertion of bottom conducting electrodes opened new perspectives towards the electric characterization of this magnetoelectric material
Klingelhöfer-Boeninger, Christian. "Imagerie de photoluminescence résolue en longueur d'onde à la température ambiante sur semi-conducteurs III-V." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECDL0024.
Full textThe progress of the last years in the opto and microelectronics domain is namely based on the use of III-V semiconductor alloys. However, the fabrication of these materials is retarded by the inferior reproducibility which has made the research of fast and non destructive characterisation methods indispensable. In this regard, the prototype of an industrial, spectrally resolved photoluminescence scanning system was developed in this work. Analysing and treatment methods using this instrument were researched and perfected to expertise, to optimise and to control the fabrication technologies of semiconductor materials and compounds
Palluel, Marlène. "Élaboration et caractérisation de nanocomposites commutables pour une photocommutation rapide et peu énergivore à température ambiante." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0190.
Full textThis thesis is part of the development of a new generation of composite nanomaterials switchable using photothermal effect. The creation of these nanocomposites, consisting of a metallic core wrapped by a spin crossover material (SCO), aims to integrate electronic devices that are more efficient and consume less energy. The enhancement of the performance involves an increase in the photoswitching speed requiring nanoscale objects. The decrease in the energy needed for this photothermy requires an optimized heat amplifier inside the nanoparticles, the metal core.This thesis work reports the strategies and synthesis innovations to obtain these nanocomposites with optimized photothermal properties. Core@shell nanocomposites of gold (Au) coated with spin crossover materials, Au@SCO, have been developed and studied, proving the benefits of such an approach. The architectures, as well as the core and/or the shell have been modified in order to obtain a fast and energy-efficient photoswitching at room temperature
Matzen, Sylvia. "Films ultraminces épitaxiés de MnFe2O4, CoFe2O4 et NiFe2O4 pour le filtrage de spin à température ambiante." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066358.
Full textLepert, Sylvaine. "Etude de diélectriques liquides à température ambiante pour la tomographie à rayonnement X de haute énergie." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10097.
Full textPhejar, Mathieu. "Étude de nouveaux matériaux de type La(Fe1-xSix)13 pour la réfrigération magnétique à température ambiante." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00601081.
Full textLauprêtre, Thomas. "Processus cohérents et applications des phénomènes de lumière lente et rapide dans l'hélium métastable à température ambiante." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772326.
Full textAbdelhady, Darwish. "Etude physique de nouveaux thermoéléments possédant un facteur de mérite élevé au voisinage de la température ambiante." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20088.
Full textNguyen, Duc Vinh. "Comportement mécanique à température ambiante d’un revêtement de chrome déposé sur un substrat en alliage de zirconium." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPAST009.
Full textThe mechanical behavior of a 15 µm-thick chromium coating, deposited on a zirconium alloy substrate by a particular physical vapour deposition process, is studied at Room Temperature (RT) using several experimental techniques at several scales: "biaxial" tests consisting in applying simultaneously an internal pressure and an axial loading on Zr-based alloy tubes coatedwith Cr, in situ tensile tests in SEMon sheet samples coated with Cr. The cracking and plasticity of the coating are studied using two main techniques: acoustic emission and digital image correlation. The results show that, at RT, the first channeling cracks in the coating initiate at 0.3-0.4% macroscopic strain, when the substrate starts to yield. During further loading, the crack density increases first rapidly then more slowly, before reaching saturation. Plastic strain of the non-cracked coating regions is observed, in addition to the increase of crack opening. Until at least 5% applied strain, no interface decohesion of the coating is observed and the cracks, both transgranular and intergranular, do not penetrate significantly into the substrate. Numerical simulations using a FFT-based method (AMITEX_FFTP solver) are performed to calculate the critical energy release rate of the coating. It is shown that the kinetics of the coating cracking is strongly influenced by plastic strain of the substrate. The cracking saturation is due to plastic strain localization in the substrate under the cracks in the coating. The methodology developed here could be applied to study the behavior of the coating when the cladding is irradiated or loaded at higher temperatures, especially at the cladding in-service temperature (~350°C)
Djeroud, Sacia. "Contribution à l’étude de la viscoélasticité de l'aluminium pur à température ambiante par mesures de variations d’atténuation ultrasonore." Lyon, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAL0012.
Full textVigneron, Sonia. "Élaboration et caractérisations de couches minces d'oxyde d'indium dopé à l'étain déposées par pulvérisation cathodique à température ambiante." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S076.
Full textReguillet, Vincent. "Caractérisation d’un système pile à combustible en vue de garantir son démarrage et fonctionnement à température ambiante négative." Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA2035/document.
Full textFuel cells are electric generators on the way to achieve technological and commercial maturity. Nevertheless, to compete with similar energy generating systems such as batteries and engines generators, fuel cells must overcome several obstacles. Among them, the ability to start at negative ambient temperatures is decisive. In order to study the behaviour of a PEMFC system in cold weather, we propose different exergetic criteria adapted to the working conditions of each module. Thanks to dedicated test benches, the modules are then characterized at negative ambient temperature. From experimental results, empirical or semi-analytical models are introduced for the battery, the compressor and the humidifier. On the other hand, a thermal analytical model at the stacks scale is developed. It enables to reproduce the fuel cell temperature rise during a cold start up. Eventually, at the end of the analysis of experimental results and models, recommendations are given to favour the cold start of the system. By following these recommendations, the fuel cell cold start at -10 °C is ensured