Academic literature on the topic 'Vu nguyen khanh duy'

This paper presents some results of rainfall forecast in the monsoon onset period in South Vietnam, with the use of ensemble Kalman filter to assimilate observation data into the initial field of the model. The study of rainfall forecasts are experimented at the time of Southern monsoon outbreaks for 3 years (2005, 2008 and 2009), corresponding to 18 cases. In each case, there are five trials, including satellite wind data assimilation, upper-air sounding data assimilation, mixed data (satellite wind+upper-air sounding data) assimilation and two controlled trials (one single predictive test and one multi-physical ensemble prediction), which is equivalent to 85 forecasts for one trial. Based on the statistical evaluation of 36 samples (18 meteorological stations and 18 trials), the results show that Kalman filter assimilates satellite wind data to forecast well rainfall at 48 hours and 72 hours ranges. With 24 hour forecasting period, upper-air sounding data assimilation and mixed data assimilation experiments predicted better rainfall than non-assimilation tests. The results of the assessment based on the phase prediction indicators also show that the ensemble Kalman filter assimilating satellite wind data and mixed data sets improve the rain forecasting capability of the model at 48 hours and 72 hour ranges, while the upper-air sounding data assimilation test produces satisfactory results at the 72 hour forecast range, and the multi-physical ensemble test predicted good rainfall at 24 hour and 48 hour forecasts. The results of this research initially lead to a new research approach, Kalman Filter Application that assimilates the existing observation data into input data of the model that can improve the quality of rainfall forecast in Southern Vietnam and overall country in general.References Bui Minh Tuan, Nguyen Minh Truong, 2013. Determining the onset indexes for the summer monsoon over southern Vietnam using numerical model with reanalysis data. VNU Journal of Science, 29(1S), 187-195.Charney J.G., 1955. The use of the primitive equations of motion in numerical prediction, Tellus, 7, 22.Cong Thanh, Tran Tan Tien, Nguyen Tien Toan, 2015. Assessing prediction of rainfall over Quang Ngai area of Vietnam from 1 to 2 day terms. VNU Journal of Science, 31(3S), 231-237.Courtier P., Talagrand O., 1987. Variational assimilation of meteorological observations with the adjoint vorticity equations, Part II, Numerical results. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 113, 1329.Daley R., 1991. Atmospheric data analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Elementi M., Marsigli C., Paccagnella T., 2005. High resolution forecast of heavy precipitation with Lokal Modell: analysis of two case studies in the Alpine area. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 5, 593-602.Fasullo J. and Webster P.J., 2003. A hydrological definition of India monsoon onset and withdrawal. J. Climate, 16, 3200-3211.Haltiner G.J., Williams R.T., 1982. Numerical prediction and dynamic meteorology, John Wiley and Sons, New York.Hamill T.M., Whitaker J.S., Snyder C., 2001. Distance-dependent filtering of background error covariance estimates in an ensemble Kalman filter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 2776.He J., Yu J., Shen X., and Gao H., 2004. Research on mechanism and variability of East Asia monsoon. J. Trop. Meteo, 20(5), 449-459.Hoang Duc Cuong, 2008. Experimental study on heavy rain forecast in Vietnam using MM5 model. A report on the Ministerial-level research projects on science and technology, 105p.Houtekamer P.L., Mitchell H.L., Pellerin G., Buehner M., Charron M., Spacek L., Hansen B., 2005. Atmospheric data assimilation with an ensemble Kalman filter: Results with real observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 604.Houtekamer P.L., Mitchell H.L., 2005. Ensemble Kalman filtering, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131C, 3269-3289.Hunt B.R., Kostelich E., Szunyogh I., 2007. Efficient data assimilation for spatiotemporal chaos: a local ensemble transform Kalman filter. Physica D., 230, 112-126.Kalnay E., 2003. Atmospheric modeling, data assimilation and predictability. Cambridge University Press, 181.Kalnay et al., 2008. A local ensemble transform Kalman filter data assimilation system for the NCEP global model. Tellus A, 60(1), 113-130.Kato T., Aranami K., 2009. Formation Factors of 2004 Niigata-Fukushima and Fukui Heavy Rainfalls and Problems in the Predictions using a Cloud-Resolving Model. SOLA. 10, doi:10.2151/sola.Kieu C.Q., 2010. Estimation of Model Error in the Kalman Filter by Perturbed Forcing. VNU Journal of Science, Natural Sciences and Technology, 26(3S), 310-316.Kieu C.Q., 2011. Overview of the Ensemble Kalman Filter and Its Application to the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. VNU Journal of Science, Natural Sciences and Technology, 27(1S), 17-28.Kieu C.Q., Truong N.M., Mai H.T., and Ngo Duc T., 2012. Sensitivity of the Track and Intensity Forecasts of Typhoon Megi (2010) to Satellite-Derived Atmosphere Motion Vectors with the Ensenble Kalman filter. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 29, 1794-1810.Kieu Thi Xin, 2005. Study on large-scale rainfall forecast by modern technology for flood prevention in Vietnam. State-level independent scientific and technological briefing report, 121-151.Kieu Thi Xin, Vu Thanh Hang, Le Duc, Nguyen Manh Linh, 2013. Climate simulation in Vietnam using regional climate nonhydrostatic NHRCM and hydrostatic RegCM models. Vietnam National University, Hanoi. Journal of Natural sciences and technology, 29(2S), 243-25.Krishnamurti T.N., Bounoa L., 1996. An introduction to numerical weather prediction techniques. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FA.Lau K.M., Yang S., 1997. Climatology and interannual variability of the Southeast Asian summer monsoon. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 14,141-162.Li C., Qu X., 1999. Characteristics of Atmospheric Circulation Associated with Summer monsoon onset in the South China Sea. Onset and Evolution of the South China Sea Monsoon and Its Interaction with the Ocean. Ding Yihui, and Li Chongyin, Eds, Chinese Meteorological Press, Beijing, 200-209.Lin N., Smith J.A., Villarini G., Marchok T.P., Baeck M.L., 2010. Modeling Extreme Rainfall, Winds,and Surge from Hurricane Isabel, 25. Doi: 10.1175/2010WAF2222349.Lu J., Zhang Q., Tao S., and Ju J., 2006. The onset and advance of the Asian summer monsoon. Chinese Science Bulletin, 51(1), 80-88.Matsumoto J., 1997. Seasonal transition of summer rainy season over Indochina and adjacent monsoon region. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 14, 231-245.Miyoshi T., and Kunii M., 2012. The Local Ensenble Transform Kalman Filter with the Weather Rearch and Forecasting Model: Experiments with Real Observation. Pure Appl. Geophysic, 169(3), 321-333. Miyoshi T., Yamane S., 2007. Local ensemble transform Kalman filtering with an AGCM at a T159/L48 resolution. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 3841-3861.Nguyen Khanh Van, Tong Phuc Tuan, Vuong Van Vu, Nguyen Manh Ha, 2013. The heavy rain differences based on topo-geographical analyse at Coastal Central Region, from Thanh Hoa to Khanh Hoa. J. Sciences of the Earth, 35, 301-309.Nguyen Minh Truong, Bui Minh Tuan, 2013. A case study on summer monsoon onset prediction for southern Vietnam in 2012 using the RAMS model. VNU Journal of Science, 29(1S), 179-186.Phillips N.A., 1960b. Numerical weather prediction. Adv. Computers, 1, 43-91, Kalnay 2004.Phillips N., 1960a. On the problem of the initial data for the primitive equations, Tellus, 12, 121126.Phuong Nguyen Duc, 2013. Experiment on combinatorial Kalman filtering method for WRF model to forecast heavy rain in central region in Vietnam. The Third International MAHASRI/HyARC Workshop on Asian Monsoon and Water Cycle, 28-30 August 2013, Da Nang, Viet Nam, 217-224.Richardson L.F., 1922. Weather prediction by numerical process. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Reprinted by Dover (1965, New York).Routray, Mohanty U.C., Niyogi D., Rizvi S.R., Osuri K.K., 2008. First application of 3DVAR-WRF data assimilation for mesoscale simulation of heavy rainfall events over Indian Monsoon region. Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 1555.Schumacher, R. S., C. A. Davis, 2010. Ensemble-based Forecast Uncertainty Analysis of Diverse Heavy Rainfall Events, 25. Doi: 10.1175/2010WAF2222378.Snyder C., Zhang F., 2003. Assimilation of simulated Doppler radar observations with an Ensemble Kalman filter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 1663.Szunyogh I., Kostelich E.J., Gyarmati G., Kalnay E., Hunt B.R., Ott E., Satterfield E., Yorke J.A., 2008. A local ensemble transform Kalman filter data assimilation system for the NCEP global model. Tellus A., 60, 113-130.Tanaka M., 1992. Intraseasonal oscillation and the onset and retreat dates of the summer monsoon east, southeast Asia and the western Pacific region using GMS high cloud amount data. J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan, 70, 613-628.Tan Tien Tran, Nguyen Thi Thanh, 2011. The MODIS satellite data assimilation in the WRF model to forecast rainfall in the central region. VNU Journal of Science, Natural Sciences and Technology, 27(3S), 90-95.Tao S., Chen L., 1987. A review of recent research on East summer monsoon in China, Monsoon Meteorology. C. P. Changand T. N. Krishramurti, Eds, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 60-92.Tippett M.K., Anderson J.L., Bishop C.H., Hamill T.M., Whitaker J.S., 2003. Ensemble square root filters. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 1485.Thuy Kieu Thi, Giam Nguyen Minh, Dung Dang Van, 2013. Using WRF model to forecast heavy rainfall events on September 2012 in Dong Nai River Basin. The Third International MAHASRI/HyARC Workshop on Asian Monsoon and Water Cycle, 28-30 August 2013, Da Nang, Viet Nam, 185-200.Xavier, Chandrasekar, Singh R. and Simon B., 2006. The impact of assimilation of MODIS data for the prediction of a tropical low-pressure system over India using a mesoscale model. International Journal of Remote Sensing 27(20), 4655-4676. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160500207302. Wang B., 2003. Atmosphere-warm ocean interaction and its impacts on Asian-Australian monsoon variation. J. Climate, 16(8), 1195-1211.Wang B. and Wu R., 1997. Peculiar temporal structure of the South China Sea summer monsoon. J. Climate., 15, 386-396.Wang L., He J., and Guan Z., 2004. Characteristic of convective activities over Asian Australian ”landbridge” areas and its possible factors. Act a Meteorologic a Sinica, 18, 441-454.Wang, B., and Z. Fan, 1999. Choice of South Asian Summer Monsoon Indices. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Sci., 80, 629-638.Webster P.J., Magana V.O., Palmer T.N., Shukla J., Tomas R.A., Yanai M., Yasunari T., 1998. Monsoons: Processes, predictability, and teprospects for prediction, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14451-14510.Wilks Daniel S., 1997. Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences. Ithaca New York., 59, 255.Whitaker J.S., Hamill T.M., 2002. Ensemble data assimilation without perturbed observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1913.Wu G., Zhang Y., 1998. Tibetan plateau forcing and the timing of the monsoon onset over South Asia and the South China Sea. Mon.Wea.Rev., 126, 913-927.Zhang Z., Chan J.C.L., and Ding Y., 2004. Characteristics, evolution and mechanisms of the summer monsoon onset over Southeast Asia. J.Climatology, 24, 1461-1482.http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html and http://tropic.ssec.wisc.edu/archive/

In Truyen ky man luc, Nguyen Dữ has spent 11/20 stories about women, Including 08/11 stories, the woman is the protagonist, the center of the work. From the standard reference system of Confucian ethics and traditional culture of the nation, we realize that there are only two cases: Nhi Khanh (in the Story of traditional woman in Khoai Chau) and Vu Thi Thiet (in the Story of traditional woman in Nam Xuong) meets all the standard criteria of the main ladies. The essay will focus on these two characters, from which to come up with an account of the attitudes and messages of the writer's thought about this women.

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is widely used in explosives production. Since it is toxic and mutagenic to humans and animals, decontamination of TNT wastewater is necessary. Wastewater, containing TNT, from four factories in Vietnam producing industrial explosives were collected. The samples had different characteristics and varied widely, especially in terms of TNT concentration, depending on the technology and production management method at each plant. The TNT concentration ranged from 25 to 128 mg/l, chemical oxygen demand (COD) ranged from 128 to 650 mg/l, BOD5 ranged from 28 to 67 mg/l, NH4+ranged from 23 to 325 mg/l, T-P ranged from 0.13 to 0.38, and pH ranged from 6.5 to 8.2. In Vietnam, removal of TNT is carried out using granular activated carbon adsorption and an incineration method. This method is expensive and generates secondary pollution. To overcome these drawbacks, the combination of an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic and moving bed biofilm reactor (A2O-MBBR) for treating TNT wastewater was investigated in this study. Reaction tanks of the A2O-MBBR system were supplemented with activated sludges, from a wastewater treatment station in Chemical and Electrical Engineering Company 15, containing biological preparations of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. The results showed that after 30 days under operating conditions of COD of 200-250 mg/l, MSLL of 1800-3000 mg/l, and DO of 5 mg/l, COD removal efficiency reached approximately 70-83%, the TNT concentration decreased by 91-99.7% (to approximately 0.5- 2 mg/l), and the ammonium concentration fell to 15-17 mg/l (reaching 42.8–66% removal efficiency after 24 h of treatment). For citation: Nhan Vu Duy, Tu Nguyen Van, Nhan Nguyen Thi, Huong Le Mai, Tsarev Yu.V., Huong Le Thi Mai Treatment of wastewater containing aromatic nitro compounds using the A2O-MBBR method. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 113-119

In this paper, seismic activity characteristics in the East Sea area was analyzed by authors on the base of the unified earthquake catalog (1900-2017), including 131505 events with magnitude 3 ≤ Mw ≤ 8.4. The seismic intensity in the East Sea during the period 1900-2017 is characterized by the earthquake representative level Mw = 4.7. The strong earthquake activity in the East Sea area clearly shows the regularity in each stage. In the period from 1900 to 2017, the East Sea area has four periods of strong earthquake activity, each stage is nearly 30 years with particular characteristics. The distribution of the maximum earthquake quantities by years has a cyclicity in all four periods. In each stage there are 1-2 strong earthquakes with Mmax ≥ 8.0. The strong earthquakes with Mmax ≥ 7.5 have occurred by a repeatable rule of 3-5 years in all four stages. This allows the prediction of the maximum earthquake repeat cycle of Mmax ≥ 7.5 in the study area is 3-5 years. In other hand, the maximum magnitude values for the East Sea region has assessed by GEV method with several different predict periods (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 years), with predicted probability 80%. We concluded that it is possible that earthquake have Mmax = 8.7 will occur in next 100 years.ReferencesBautista C.B., Bautista M.L.P., Oike K., Wu F.T., Punongbayan R.S., 2001. A new insight on the geometry of subducting slabs in northern Luzon, Philippines. Tectonophysics, 339, 279-310.Bui Cong Que, et al., 2010. Seismic and tsunamis hazard in coastal Viet Nam. Natural Science and Technology Publishing House, 311p.Bui Van Duan, Nguyen Cong Thang, Nguyen Van Vuong, Pham Dinh Nguyen, 2013. The magnitude of the largest possible earthquake in the Muong La-Bac Yen fault zone. J. Sci. of the Earth, 35, 53-59 (in Vietnamese).Cao Dinh Trieu, Pham Nam Hung, 2008. Deep-seated fault zone presents the risk of strong earthquakes in the East and South Vietnam Sea. Scientific Report of the First National Conference on Marine Geology, Ha Long, October, 9-10, 491-497.Hsu Ya-Ju, Yu Shui Ben, Song Teh.-Ru Alex, Bacolcol Teresito, 2012. Plate coupling along the Manila subduction zone between Taiwan and northern Luzon. J. Asian Earth Sci., 51, 98-108.http://www.ioc-tsunami.org/index.php?option=com_oe&task=viewDocumentRecord&docID=16478.http://www.jcomm.info/index.php?option=com_oevàtask=viewDocumentRecordvafdocID=16484.Kirby S., Geist E., Lee W.H., Scholl D., Blakely, R., October 2005. 660 Tsunami source characterization for western Pacific subduction 661 zones: a perliminary report. Report, USGS Tsunami Subduction 662 Source Working Group.Le Duc Anh, Nguyen Hoang., Shakirov RB., Tran T.H., 2017. Geochemistry of late miocene-pleistocene basalts in the Phu Quy island area (East Vietnam Sea): Implication for mantle source feature and melt generation, Vietnam J. Earth Sci., 39, 270-288.Le Huy Minh, Frederic Masson, Alain Bourdiilon, Patrick Lassudrie Duchesne, Rolland Fleury, Jyr-ching Hu, Vu Tuan Hung, Le Truong Thanh, Nguyen Chien Thang, Nguyen Ha Thanh, 2014. GPS data continuously in Vietnam and Southeast Asia. J. Sci. of the Earth, 36, 1-13.Le Van De, 1986. Outline of tectonics of the East Vietnam sea and adjacent areas. Proc. 1st Conf. Geol. Indoch., Ho Chi Minh City, 397-404, Hanoi.Ngo T.L., Tran V.P., 2013. Development of a new algorithm for the separation of seismic and anemone groups from the earthquake list to ensure the independence of events. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Hanoi, 13(3A), 79-85.Nguyen Dinh Xuyen., et al., 2007. Report on the implementation of the task "Earthquake scenarios for tsunamis in the South China Sea". Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology.Nguyen Hong Phuong, 2015. Estimation of seismic hazard parameters for potential tsunami genic sources in the South China Sea region.Nguyen Hong Phuong, 2001. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment Along the Southeastern Coast of Vietnam, Natural Hazards, 24, 53-74.Nguyen Hong Phuong, 2004. Earthquake risk map of Vietnam and East Sea. J. Sci. of the Earth, 26, 97-111.Nguyen Hong Phuong, Bui Cong Que, 2012. Investigation of earthquake tsunami sources, capable of affecting Vietnamese coast, Nat Hazards, 64, 311-327.Nguyen Hong Phuong, Pham The Truyen, 2014. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment for the South Central Vietnam. J. Sci. of the Earth, 36, 451-461.Nguyen Hong Phuong, Pham The Truyen, Nguyen Ta Nam, 2017. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment for the Tranh River hydropower plant No2 site, Quang nam province, Vietnam J. Earth Sci., 38(2), 188-201.Nguyen Van Luong, Bui Cong Que, Nguyen Van Duong, 2008. Tectonic stresses and modern movements in the crust of the Earth in the East Sea area, Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 46-52.Nguyen Van Luong, Duong Quoc Hung, Bui Thi Thanh and Tong Duy Cuong, 2003. Characteristics of fault systems in the East Sea area. J. Sci. of the Earth., 25, 1-8 (in Vietnamese).Nguyen Van Luong, et al., 2002. Result of establishment of the list of earthquake dynamics in the East Sea area, studies on geology and marine geophysics, VII, Hanoi.Nguyen Van Luong, et al., 2008. Tectonic seismic and geodynamic features of the South China Sea, Proceedings of the 1st National Conference on Marine Geology and Sustainable Development, 9-10, Ha Long, 498-509.Pham Van Thuc and Nguyen Thi Kim Thanh, 2004. Earthquake zone in the South China Sea and coastal areas. Journal of Geology, A series, 285, 11-12.Pham Van Thuc, 2001, Characteristics of tsunamis in the East Sea region of Vietnam. TC and CNN, TI, 2, 52-64.Phan Trong Trinh, Ngo Van Liem, Vy Quoc Hai, John Beavan, Nguyen Van Huong, Hoang Quang Vinh, Bui Van Thom, Nguyen Quang Xuyen, Nguyen Dang Tuc, Dinh Van Thuan, Nguyen Trong Tan, Nguyen Viet Thuan, Le Huy Minh, Bui Thi Thao. Nguyen Huy Thinh, Dinh Van The, Le Minh Tung, Tran Quoc Hung, Nguyen Viet Tien, 2010b. Modern tectonic movement in the East Sea and surrounding areas. Journal of Geology. Series A, 320, 9-10, Hanoi.Phan Trong Trinh, 2006. The Tsunami and December 26, 2004 in the Indian Ocean: A Warning to Vietnam. Journal of Geology, Series A, 293, Hanoi.Phan Trong Trinh, et al., 2010a. Research on the tectonic activity, modern tectonics and geodynamics of the South China Sea as a scientific basis for forecasting the types of catastrophe involved and proposed solutions prevent. KC.09.11/06-10. Institute of Geology, 446p.Phan Trong Trinh, Nguyen Van Huong, Ngo Van Liem, Tran Dinh To, Vy Quoc Hai, Hoang Quang Vinh, Bui Van Thom, Nguyen Quang Xuyen, Nguyen Viet Thuan, Bui Thi Thao, 2011. Geological and geological hazards in Vietnam's sea and nearby. J. Sci. of the Earth, 33, 443-456.Pisarenko V.F., Sornette A., Sornette D. and Rodkin M.V, 2008. New approach to the Characterization of Mmax and of the Tail of the Distribution of Earthquake Magnitudes. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 165, 847-888.Pisarenko V.F, Sornette D. and Rodkin M.V., 2010. Distribution of maximum Earthquake magnitudes in future time intervals: application to the seismicity of Japan (1923-2007). EPS (Earth, Planets and Space), 62, 567-578.Pisarenko V.F., Rodkin M.V, and Rukavishnikova T.A., 2014. Estimation of the Probability of Strongest Seismic Disasters Based on the Extreme Value Theory. Physics of the Solid Earth, 50(3), 311-324.Pisarenko V.F., Rodkin M.V. and et al., 2012. New general quantile approach to the seismic rick assessment application to the Vietnam region. //Proceedings of the International Conference on "Geophysics - Cooperation and Sustainable Development." Science and Technology Publishing House. Hanoi, 161-167.Vu Thanh Ca, 2008. Report on the project to build a map of tsunami warning for coastal areas of Vietnam. Institute of Hydrometeorology and Environment - Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.Yingchun Liu, Angela Santos, Shuo M. Wang, Yaolin Sh, Hailing Liu, David A. Yuen, 2007. Tsunami hazards along Chinese coast from potential earthquakes in the South China Sea. Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors, 163, 233-244.Zhiguo Xu, 2015. Seismicity and Focal mechanisms in the South China Sea Region and its Tectonic Significances.

Climate change induced sea-level rise (SLR) is on its increase globally. Regionally the lowlands of China, Vietnam, Bangladesh, and islands of the Malaysian, Indonesian and Philippine archipelagos are among the world’s most threatened regions. Sea-level rise has major impacts on the ecosystems and society. It threatens coastal populations, economic activities, and fragile ecosystems as mangroves, coastal salt-marches and wetlands. This paper provides a summary of the current state of knowledge of sea level-rise and its effects on both human and natural ecosystems. The focus is on coastal urban areas and low lying deltas in South-East Asia and Vietnam, as one of the most threatened areas in the world. About 3 mm per year reflects the growing consensus on the average SLR worldwide. The trend speeds up during recent decades. The figures are subject to local, temporal and methodological variation. In Vietnam the average values of 3.3 mm per year during the 1993-2014 period are above the worldwide average. Although a basic conceptual understanding exists that the increasing global frequency of the strongest tropical cyclones is related with the increasing temperature and SLR, this relationship is insufficiently understood. Moreover the precise, complex environmental, economic, social, and health impacts are currently unclear. SLR, storms and changing precipitation patterns increase flood risks, in particular in urban areas. Part of the current scientific debate is on how urban agglomeration can be made more resilient to flood risks. Where originally mainly technical interventions dominated this discussion, it becomes increasingly clear that proactive special planning, flood defense, flood risk mitigation, flood preparation, and flood recovery are important, but costly instruments. Next to the main focus on SLR and its effects on resilience, the paper reviews main SLR associated impacts: Floods and inundation, salinization, shoreline change, and effects on mangroves and wetlands. The hazards of SLR related floods increase fastest in urban areas. This is related with both the increasing surface major cities are expected to occupy during the decades to come and the increasing coastal population. In particular Asia and its megacities in the southern part of the continent are increasingly at risk. The discussion points to complexity, inter-disciplinarity, and the related uncertainty, as core characteristics. An integrated combination of mitigation, adaptation and resilience measures is currently considered as the most indicated way to resist SLR today and in the near future.References Aerts J.C.J.H., Hassan A., Savenije H.H.G., Khan M.F., 2000. Using GIS tools and rapid assessment techniques for determining salt intrusion: Stream a river basin management instrument. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere, 25, 265-273. Doi: 10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00014-9. Alongi D.M., 2002. Present state and future of the world’s mangrove forests. Environmental Conservation, 29, 331-349. Doi: 10.1017/S0376892902000231 Alongi D.M., 2015. The impact of climate change on mangrove forests. Curr. Clim. Change Rep., 1, 30-39. Doi: 10.1007/s404641-015-0002-x. Anderson F., Al-Thani N., 2016. Effect of sea level rise and groundwater withdrawal on seawater intrusion in the Gulf Coast aquifer: Implications for agriculture. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 4, 116-124. Doi: 10.4236/gep.2016.44015. Anguelovski I., Chu E., Carmin J., 2014. Variations in approaches to urban climate adaptation: Experiences and experimentation from the global South. Global Environmental Change, 27, 156-167. Doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.05.010. Arustienè J., Kriukaitè J., Satkunas J., Gregorauskas M., 2013. Climate change and groundwater - From modelling to some adaptation means in example of Klaipèda region, Lithuania. In: Climate change adaptation in practice. P. Schmidt-Thomé, J. Klein Eds. John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Chichester, UK., 157-169. Bamber J.L., Aspinall W.P., Cooke R.M., 2016. A commentary on “how to interpret expert judgement assessments of twenty-first century sea-level rise” by Hylke de Vries and Roderik S.W. Van de Wal. Climatic Change, 137, 321-328. Doi: 10.1007/s10584-016-1672-7. Barnes C., 2014. Coastal population vulnerability to sea level rise and tropical cyclone intensification under global warming. BSc-thesis. Department of Geography, University of Lethbridge, Alberta Canada. Be T.T., Sinh B.T., Miller F., 2007. Challenges to sustainable development in the Mekong Delta: Regional and national policy issues and research needs. The Sustainable Mekong Research Network, Bangkok, Thailand, 1-210. Bellard C., Leclerc C., Courchamp F., 2014. Impact of sea level rise on 10 insular biodiversity hotspots. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 23, 203-212. Doi: 10.1111/geb.12093. Berg H., Söderholm A.E., Sönderström A.S., Nguyen Thanh Tam, 2017. Recognizing wetland ecosystem services for sustainable rice farming in the Mekong delta, Vietnam. Sustainability Science, 12, 137-154. Doi: 10.1007/s11625-016-0409-x. Bilskie M.V., Hagen S.C., Medeiros S.C., Passeri D.L., 2014. Dynamics of sea level rise and coastal flooding on a changing landscape. Geophysical Research Letters, 41, 927-934. Doi: 10.1002/2013GL058759. Binh T.N.K.D., Vromant N., Hung N.T., Hens L., Boon E.K., 2005. Land cover changes between 1968 and 2003 in Cai Nuoc, Ca Mau penisula, Vietnam. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 7, 519-536. Doi: 10.1007/s10668-004-6001-z. Blankespoor B., Dasgupta S., Laplante B., 2014. Sea-level rise and coastal wetlands. Ambio, 43, 996- 005.Doi: 10.1007/s13280-014-0500-4. 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Education assessment capacity is considered to be indispensable for teachers at all levels. However, there are currently many difficulties in assessing this capacity, especially for primary teachers when there is a change in assessing students. In this report, we would like to suggest a education capacity assessment structure for primary teachers and to demonstrate such structure through a survey of primary teachers' assessment capacity in Vietnam. Survey results show that the education assessment capacity structure consists of 6 component competencies which suitable for primary teachers in Vietnam. And, the report also points out that Vietnamese primary teachers' education assessment capacity in Vietnam is currently evaluated at a fairly good level. Keywords Education assessment capacity structure, primary teachers References 1. American Federation of Teachers & National Council on Measurement in Education (1990), Standards for Teacher Competence in Educational Assessment of Students, Washington DC.2. Dinh Quang Bao (2017), Fostering teachers to meet professional standards in the context of general education renovation, The summary record of a scientific conference: Rationale and practice of the professional capacity of teachers and educational administrators in the Northwest, Page 75-84.3. Ministry of Education and Training (2007), Professional standards for primary teachers, issued together with Decision No. 14/2007/QD-BGD dated 04 May 2007.4. Ministry of Education and Training (2010), Charter of primary schools, issued together with Circular No. 41/2010/TT-BGDDT dated 30 December 2010.5. Ministry of Education and Training (2016), Amending and supplementing some articles of the Regulations on the assessment of primary students, issued with Circular No. 22/2016/TT-BGDDT, dated 22 September 2016. 6. Canada Education Assosciation Joint Advisory Committee (1993), Principles for Fair Student Assessment Practices for Education in Canada, Edmonton, Alberta: Emonton.7. Nguyen Duc Chinh (2017), How do principals do to successfully lead teachers to develop student competencies, The summary record of a scientific conference: Rationale and practice of the professional capacity of teachers and educational administrators in the Northwest, Page 20-28.8. Nguyen Huu Chau (2008), Educational quality- Theoretical and practical issues, Vietnam Education Publishing House Limited Company.9. Bui Van Hue (1997), Primary psychology textbook, Vietnam Education Publishing House Limited Company, 1997, Page 33-91.10. Tran Thi Huong, Cao Xuan Hung (2017), Student assessment capacity building activities for primary teachers in District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Journal of Science , Volume 14, No. 10 (2017), Page 63-71.11. Nguyen Cong Khanh (2015), Student assessment based on the capacity-based approach. The summary record of an international conference: “Psychology and Pedagogy in the development of human beings in Vietnam”. University of Education Publishing House, Page 688-695.12. Nguyen Cong Khanh, Nguyen Vu Bich Hien (2013), Proposing the education assessment capacity framework for high school teachers, The summary record of READ conference, Hanoi.13. Nguyen Thi My Loc (2003), 21st century teachers: Being creative and effective, Journal of Teaching and Learning Today (7), Hanoi.14. Duong Thu Mai (2012), Studying and suggesting of a common capacity framework for the education assessment, The summary record of READ conference, Hanoi.15. Duong Thu Mai (2016), Forms of assessing modern education and methods of assessing the learning capacity of high school students in Vietnam, VNU Journal of Science: Educational research, Volume 32, No. 1 (2016) Page 51-61.16. Pham Duc Quang (2012), Some core components in the general education programs are built based on the competency building orientations, The summary record of a conference: The general core competency system of students for general education programs in Vietnam, Hanoi, Page 36- 49.17. Pham Hong Quang (2013), Development of teacher training programs, theoretical and practical issues, Thai Nguyen Publishing House.18. Nguyen Kim Son, Le Ngoc Hung, Nguyen Quy Thanh, Ta Thi Thu Hien, Pham Van Thuan, Duong Thi Hoang Yen (2018), Education Renovation in Vietnam: From the perspective of teachers, The summary record of an international conference: New trends in education, Page 42-57.19. Stronge, J. H. (2004), Qualities Of Effective Teacher, Le Van Canh translate, Vietnam Education Publishing House.20. Hoang Thi Tuyet (2004), Training of the education assessment capacity: A practical perspective, The summary record of a conference: The role of inspection and assessment activities in the renovation of education in Vietnam, Page 96-103.

Myth and mythological criticism have become a significant concern for literary studies. Mythological materials and thinking have been penetrated and regenerated in contemporary literary writings, forming unique creative writing against socialist realism aesthetics. The article explores some specific poetics of mythological spaces in Vietnamese narratives since 1986. Through the analysis of spatial aesthetics in some works written by Pham Thi Hoai, Nguyen Huy Thiep, Ta Duy Anh, Chau Dien, and Nguyen Xuan Khanh, the article points out the distinctions of mythological spaces, including the binary spaces, the spiritual and legendary spaces, and the symbolic spaces.

Panax L. is a small genus in the Araliaceae family. In Vietnam, this genus is distributed in the high mountains in the North and in some high mountains in the Central Highlands. In traditional medicine, roots and rhizomes of all Panax species are of high utility. Recently, the finding of new distributions of some Panax species in Vietnam has caused much controversy and confusion. This study investigates 27 fresh specimens of 6 taxa of Panax genus that have been collected from 6 provinces of Vietnam. Based on the combined ITS-rDNA and matK dataset, a well-resolved phylogeny of Panax species/varieties distributed in Vietnam was constructed. Thereby, the study suggests identifying Tam that la xe as Panax stipuleanatus H.T.Tsai et K.M.Feng and Sam puxailaileng as Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus K.Komatsu, S.Zhu & S.Q.Cai, which contributes a new distribution point of this variety in Vietnam. The study also shows that ITS-rDNA and matK genes are highly potential in identifying and distinguishing the taxa of Panax genus. Keywords Panax, ginseng, molecular phylogeny, taxonomy, ITS-rDNA, matK. References [1] Xiang, Q.B. & Lowry, P.P. Araliaceae, In: Wu, C.Y., Rawen, P.H. & Hong (2007).[2] Nguyen Tap, The species of Panax L. in Vietnam, Journal of Medicinal Material, 10 (3) (2005) 71-76 (in Vietnamese).[3] Phan Ke Long, Le Thanh Son, Phan Ke Loc, Vu Dinh Duy and Pham Van The, Lai Chau ginseng Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus K. Komatsu, S. Zhu & S.Q. Cai.I. morphology, ecology, distribution and conservation status, Proceedings of the 2nd VAST – KAST workshop on biodiversity and bio-active compounds, Hanoi- Vietnam, October 28th – 29th (2013), pp. 65-73, Publishing house for science and technology. [4] Nong Van Duy, Le Ngoc Trieu, Nguyen Duy Chinh & Van Tien Tran, A new variety of Panax (Araliace) from Lam Vien Plateau, Vietnam and its molecular evidence, J. Phytotaxa 277(1) (2016) 047-058. http://dx.doi.org/10. 11646/ phytotaxa.277.1.4[5] Tran Ngoc Lan et al., Results of study on Sam Puxailaileng in high moutain, Nghe An province, Nghe An journal of Science and Technology 12 (2016) 7-11 (in Vietnamese). [6] Do Huy Bich et al., Medicinal plant and animal in Vietnam, ep. II (2004), Science & Technic Pub. pp. 1255 (in Vietnamese).[7] X. Chen, B. Liao, J. Song, X. Pang, J. Han, S. Chen, A fast SNP identification and analysis of intraspecific variation in the medicinal Panax species based on DNA barcoding, Gene 530(1) (2013) 39-43. http://doi.org/10.1186/j.gene.2013.07.097[8] Jun Wen and Elizabeth A. Zimmer, Phylogeny and Biogeography of Panax L. (the Ginseng Genus, Araliaceae): Inferences from ITS Sequences of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 6(2) (1996) 167-177.[9] C. Lee, J. Wen, Phylogeny of Panax using chloroplast trnC–trnD intergenic region and the utility of trnC–trnD in interspecific studies of plants, Mol Phylogenet Evol 31(2004): 894-903, DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2003.10.009[10] Y. Zuo, Z. Chen, K. Kondo, T. Funamoto, J. Wen, S. Zhou, DNA barcoding of Panax species, Planta Med. 2011 Jan, 77(2) (2011):182-187. Doi: 0.1055/s-0030-1250166.[11] K. Komatsu, S. Zhu, S.Q. Cai, A new variety of the genus Panax from Southern Yunnan, China and its nucleotide sequences of 18S ribosomal RNA gene and matK gene, J. Jap. Bot 78(2) (2003) 86-94. [12] V. Manzanilla1, A. Kool, L. Nguyen Nhat, H. Nong Van, H. Le Thi Thu and H. J. de Boe, Phylogenomics and barcoding of Panax: toward the identification of ginseng species. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2018) 18-44. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1160-y[13] Vu Huyen Trang, Hoang Dang Hieu, Chu Hoang Ha, Study on DNA barcode for identify Sam ngoc linh, National conference of biotechnology, Ep.2, (2013) 1100-1104.[14] Nguyen Thi Phuong Trang, Nguyen Thi Hong Mai, Zhuravlev Yury N, Reunova Galina D., rbcL and rpoB gene sequences of Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus and Panax vietnamensis, the background for identification and comparison, Journal of Biology 39(1) (2016) 80-85. http://doi.org/10.15625/0866-7160/v39n1.7870[15] Phan Ke Long, Tran Thi Viet Thanh, Nguyen Thien Tao, Phan Ke Loc, Nguyen Tu Lenh, Nguyen Tien Lam, Dang Xuan Minh, Morphological and molecular characsteristics of Panax sp. (Araliaceae) from Phu Xai Lai Leng mountain, Nghe An province, Vietnam, Journal of Biology 36(4) (2014) 494-499. https://doi.org/ 10.15625/0866-7160/v36n4.5212[16] Phan Ke Long, Vu Dinh Duy, Phan Ke Loc, Nguyen Giang Son, Nguyen Thi Phuong Trang, Le Thi Mai Linh, Le Thanh Son, Phylogenetic relationships of the Panax samples collected in Lai Chau province based on matK and ITS-rDNA sequences, Journal of Biology 12(2) (2014) 327-337 (in Vietnamese).[17] Nguyen Thi Phuong Trang, Le Thanh Son, Nguyen Giang Son, Phan Ke Long, A new ginseng species Panax sp. (Araliaceae) in Vietnam, Journal of Pharmacology 10 (2011) 59-63. [18] Pham Thi Ngoc, Pham Thanh Huyen, Nguyen Quynh Nga, Nguyen Minh Khoi, Morphological characteristics of genus Panax L. (Araliaceae) in Vietnam, Journal of Medicinal Materials, 22(3) (2017) 315-322.

The purpose of this study was to explore Vietnamese educators’ perspectives regarding the feasibility of implementing a U.S. Regional Accreditation standard (“Institutional Effectiveness”) in the current Vietnamese higher education accreditation standards. An Institutional Effectiveness (IE) Process (Strategic Planning-Planning and Assessment- Operational Planning) and Assessment Cycle (Program Learning Outcomes-Curriculum Map-Assessment Methods-Data Collection-Actions for Improvement) served as the conceptual framework for this study. The qualitative research design involved interviews with seven Vietnamese educators who work in centers for accreditation and offices of quality assurance in Vietnamese universities. Findings indicated that all participants supported the implementation of an IE standard and Assessment Cycle in Vietnamese higher education accreditation. Findings also stated that currently the IE Process and Assessment Cycle are not fully implemented in Vietnam higher education accreditation. The Vietnamese higher education institutions (HEIs) did not have a supportive culture of strategic planning due to centralized management by the Ministry of Education and Training (MOET). Moreover, most universities were only familiar with the first two steps in the Assessment Cycle. Based on the research findings, recommendations for the implementation of IE process and Assessment Cycle are made for MOET, Centers for Accreditation and Vietnamese HEIs. Keywords Vietnamese Higher Education Accreditation, Institutional Effectiveness, U.S. Regional Accreditation, outcome assessment, accountability and transparency References [1] Hayden M & Lam Q T (2010). Vietnam’s higher Education System. Reforming higher education in Vietnam: Challenges and Priorities. 15-31.[2] Pham, Duy. (2014). Vietnam: New legislation and future possibilities. International Higher Education. 74. 27-28.[3] Nguyen, Kim. D, Oliver, D.E., & Priddy, L.E. (2009). Criteria for accreditation in Vietnam's higher education: Focus on input or outcome? Quality in Higher Education. 15 (1). 123-134.[4] Nguyen, Thi Khanh Trinh (2013). The strengths of Vietnam Higher Education accreditation standards. Conference proceeding on Quality assurance standards for higher education in Vietnam: Implementation issues and solutions. 48-56[5] Nguyen, Huu Cuong, Evers, C & Marshall, C (2017). Accreditation of Viet Nam’s Higher Education: Achievements and Challenges after a Dozen Years of Development. Quality Assurance in Education. 25 (4), 475-488. [6] Center of Educational Accreditation (2014). [The establishment of center of accreditation in VNU-HCM]. Retrieved from http://cea.vnuhcm.edu.vn/quyet-dinh-thanh-lap-trung-tam-kdclgd-dhqg-hcm_p1_1-1_2-1_3-617_4-76_9-2_11-10_12-1_13-11.html[7] Nguyen, Duc Chinh. (2013). The Vietnamese set of quality assurance standards for higher education: Issues and Solutions. Conference proceeding on Quality assurance standards for higher education in Vietnam: Implementation issues and solutions. 91-97. [8] Do, Huong Lan (2013). Mot so de xuat nham hoan thien cac tieu chuan danh gia chat luong giao duc cua truong Dai Hoc Viet Nam tren co so nghien cuu so sanh bo tieu chuan danh gia cua Viet Nam va Lien Bang Nga. Conference proceeding on Quality assurance standards for higher education in Vietnam: Implementation issues and solutions. MOET project. Code: B2012-08-12], 165-178[9] Le, Duc Ngoc & Sai, Cong Hong (2013). Assessing the inappropriateness of the set of quality assurance standards for higher education in Vietnam and the reasons. Conference proceeding on Quality assurance standards for higher education in Vietnam: Implementation issues and solutions. 143-157. [10] Vo, Sy Manh (2013). Some shortcomings in the Vietnam set of quality assurance standards. Conference proceeding on Quality assurance standards for higher education in Vietnam: Implementation issues and solutions. 158-164.[11] Suskie, L. (2009). Assessing student learning. A common sense guide (2nd Ed.). Jossey-Bass: A Wiley Imprint. [12] Eaton, J. (2007). Institutions, accreditors, and the federal government, redefining their “appropriate relationship.” Change, 39(5), 16-23.[13] Suskie, L. (2015). Five dimensions of quality: A common sense guide to accreditation and accountability. Jossey-Bass: A Wiley Brand [14] Gaston, P.L. (2014). Higher education accreditation: How it’s changing, why it must. Sterling, VA: Stylus.[15] Banta, T. W. (2004). Hallmarks of effective outcomes assessment. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.[16] Anderson, H. M., Moore, D. L., Anaya, G., & Bird, E. (2005). Student learning outcomes assessment: A component of program assessment. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 69(2), 256-268[17] Ewell, P. T. (2009, November). Assessment, accountability, and improvement: Revisiting the tension (NILOA Occasional Paper No.1). Urbana, IL: University of Illinois and Indiana University, National Institute for Learning Outcomes Assessment.[18] Prochnow, M. E. (2011). On reaching proficiency: A case study of outcomes assessment success at a California community college. (Dissertations). California State University, Fresno. (Order No. 3473418). Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/895096456?accountid=7098. (895096456). [19] Hoefer, M.T. (2015, July). The ABCs of institutional effectiveness. Pre-conference workshop at SACSCOC Summer Institute, Orlando, Florida. [20] Allen, M (2004). Assessing academic programs in higher education. Bolton, MA: Anker Publishing Company, INC.[21] Glesne, C. (2011). Becoming qualitative researchers: An Introduction (4th Ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon[22] Merriam, S (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publications.[23] Grbich, C. (2013). Qualitative data analysis an introduction. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications VNU-HN- College of Economics, 2017[24] Middaugh, M. F. (2007). Creating a culture of evidence: Academic accountability at the institutional level. New Directions for Higher Education, (140), 15-28. doi:10.1002/he.277[25] Voluntary System of Accountability (VSA). About the VSA. Retrieved from http://www.voluntarysystem.org/[26] Silver, K. (2018). Getting Started with Strategic Planning. HLC Annual Conference. Chicago, Illinois. Retrieved at http://download.hlcommission.org/annualconference/2018/AC18_ProgramBook_INF.pdf[27] Powell, B. and Tedder, W. (2018). Linking Assessment, Planning and Budgeting for Resource Allocation Decisions. HLC Annual Conference. Chicago, Illinois. Retrieved at http://download.hlcommission.org/annualconference/2018/AC18_ProgramBook_INF.pdf