Relevant bibliographies by topics / VPL

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'VPL'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "VPL"

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Anbalagan, Srivishnupriya, Elyse Cooper, Pat Klumper, Randy R. Simonson, and Ben M. Hause. "Whole genome analysis of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus identified limited genome constellations and preferential reassortment." Journal of General Virology 95, no. 2 (February 1, 2014): 434–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.059659-0.

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Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is a Culicoides transmitted orbivirus that causes haemorrhagic disease in wild and domestic ruminants. A collection of 44 EHDV isolated from 2008 to 2012 was fully sequenced and analysed phylogenetically. Serotype 2 viruses were the dominant serotype all years except 2012 when serotype 6 viruses represented 63 % of the isolates. High genetic similarity (>94 % identity) between serotype 1 and 2 virus VP1, VP3, VP4, VP6, NS1, NS2 and NS3 segments prevented identification of reassortment events for these segments. Additionally, there was little genetic diversity (>96 % identity) within serotypes for VP2, VP5 and VP7. Preferential reassortment within the homologous serotype was observed for VP2, VP5 and VP7 segments for type 1 and type 2 viruses. In contrast, type 6 viruses were all reassortants containing VP2 and VP5 derived from an exotic type 6 with the remaining segments most similar to type 2 viruses. These results suggest that reassortment between type 1 and type 2 viruses requires conservation of the VP2, VP5 and VP7 segment constellation while type 6 viruses only require VP2 and VP5 and are restricted to type 2-lineage VP7. As type 6 VP2 and VP5 segments were exclusively identified in viruses with type 2-derived VP7, these results suggest functional complementation between type 2 and type 6 VP7 proteins.
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Jaafar, Fauziah Mohd, Houssam Attoui, Peter P. C. Mertens, Philippe de Micco, and Xavier de Lamballerie. "Structural organization of an encephalitic human isolate of Banna virus (genus Seadornavirus, family Reoviridae)." Journal of General Virology 86, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 1147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.80578-0.

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Banna virus (BAV) is the type species of the genus Seadornavirus within the family Reoviridae. The Chinese BAV isolate (BAV-Ch), which causes encephalitis in humans, was shown to have a structural organization and particle morphology reminiscent of that of rotaviruses, with fibre proteins projecting from the surface of the particle. Intact BAV-Ch virus particles contain seven structural proteins, two of which (VP4 and VP9) form the outer coat. The inner (core) particles contain five additional proteins (VP1, VP2, VP3, VP8 and VP10) and are ‘non-turreted’, with a relatively smooth surface appearance. VP2 is the ‘T=2’ protein that forms the innermost ‘subcore’ layer, whilst VP8 is the ‘T=13’ protein forming the core-surface layer. Sequence comparisons indicate that BAV VP9 and VP10 are equivalent to the VP8* and VP5* domains, respectively, of rotavirus outer-coat protein VP4 (GenBank accession no. P12976). VP9 has also been shown to be responsible for virus attachment to the host-cell surface and may be involved in internalization. These similarities reveal a previously unreported genetic link between the genera Rotavirus and Seadornavirus, although the expression of BAV VP9 and VP10 from two separate genome segments, rather than by the proteolytic cleavage of a single gene product (as seen in rotavirus VP4), suggests a significant evolutionary jump between the members of these two genera.
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Hyatt, A. D. "Exposure of protein VP7 on the surface of bluetongue virus." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 3 (August 12, 1990): 600–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100160558.

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Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the type species os the genus orbivirus in the family Reoviridae. The virus has a fibrillar outer coat containing two major structural proteins VP2 and VP5 which surround an icosahedral core. The core contains two major proteins VP3 and VP7 and three minor proteins VP1, VP4 and VP6. Recent evidence has indicated that the core comprises a neucleoprotein center which is surrounded by two protein layers; VP7, a major constituent of capsomeres comprises the outer and VP3 the inner layer of the core . Antibodies to VP7 are currently used in enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays and immuno-electron microscopical (JEM) tests for the detection of BTV. The tests involve the antibody recognition of VP7 on virus particles. In an attempt to understand how complete viruses can interact with antibodies to VP7 various antibody types and methodologies were utilized to determine the physical accessibility of the core to the external environment.
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Shepherd, Frances, Diana Herrera-Ibata, Elizabeth Porter, Nitipong Homwong, Richard Hesse, Jianfa Bai, and Douglas Marthaler. "Whole Genome Classification and Phylogenetic Analyses of Rotavirus B strains from the United States." Pathogens 7, no. 2 (April 18, 2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens7020044.

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Rotaviruses (RVs) are a major etiological agent of acute viral gastroenteritis in humans and young animals, with rotavirus B (RVB) often detected in suckling and weaned pigs. Group A rotavirus classification is currently based on the two outer capsid proteins, VP7 and VP4, and the middle layer protein, VP6. Using RVB strains generated in this study and reference sequences from GenBank, pairwise identity frequency graphs and phylogenetic trees were constructed for the eleven gene segments of RVB to estimate the nucleotide identity cutoff values for different genotypes and determine the genotype diversity per gene segment. Phylogenetic analysis of VP7, VP4, VP6, VP1–VP3, and NSP1–NSP5 identified 26G, 5P, 13I, 5R, 5C, 5M, 8A, 10N, 6T, 4E, and 7H genotypes, respectively. The analysis supports the previously proposed cutoff values for the VP7, VP6, NSP1, and NSP3 gene segments (80%, 81%, 76% and 78%, respectively) and suggests new cutoff values for the VP4, VP1, VP2, VP3, NSP2, NSP4, and NSP5 (80%, 78%, 79%, 77% 83%, 76%, and 79%, respectively). Reassortment events were detected between the porcine RVB strains from our study. This research describes the genome constellations for the complete genome of Group B rotaviruses in different host species.
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5

Johne, Reimar, and Hermann Müller. "Nuclear Localization of Avian Polyomavirus Structural Protein VP1 Is a Prerequisite for the Formation of Virus-Like Particles." Journal of Virology 78, no. 2 (January 15, 2004): 930–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.2.930-937.2004.

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ABSTRACT Virions of polyomaviruses consist of the major structural protein VP1, the minor structural proteins VP2 and VP3, and the viral genome associated with histones. An additional structural protein, VP4, is present in avian polyomavirus (APV) particles. As it had been reported that expression of APV VP1 in insect cells did not result in the formation of virus-like particles (VLP), the prerequisites for particle formation were analyzed. To this end, recombinant influenza viruses were created to (co)express the structural proteins of APV in chicken embryo cells, permissive for APV replication. VP1 expressed individually or coexpressed with VP4 did not result in VLP formation; both proteins (co)localized in the cytoplasm. Transport of VP1, or the VP1-VP4 complex, into the nucleus was facilitated by the coexpression of VP3 and resulted in the formation of VLP. Accordingly, a mutant APV VP1 carrying the N-terminal nuclear localization signal of simian virus 40 VP1 was transported to the nucleus and assembled into VLP. These results support a model of APV capsid assembly in which complexes of the structural proteins VP1, VP3 (or VP2), and VP4, formed within the cytoplasm, are transported to the nucleus using the nuclear localization signal of VP3 (or VP2); there, capsid formation is induced by the nuclear environment.
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6

Zhang, Weirong, and Paul W. Davenport. "Activation of thalamic ventroposteriolateral neurons by phrenic nerve afferents in cats and rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 94, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00334.2002.

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It has been demonstrated that phrenic nerve afferents project to somatosensory cortex, yet the sensory pathways are still poorly understood. This study investigated the neural responses in the thalamic ventroposteriolateral (VPL) nucleus after phrenic afferent stimulation in cats and rats. Activation of VPL neurons was observed after electrical stimulation of the contralateral phrenic nerve. Direct mechanical stimulation of the diaphragm also elicited increased activity in the same VPL neurons that were activated by electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve. Some VPL neurons responded to both phrenic afferent stimulation and shoulder probing. In rats, VPL neurons activated by inspiratory occlusion also responded to stimulation on phrenic afferents. These results demonstrate that phrenic afferents can reach the VPL thalamus under physiological conditions and support the hypothesis that the thalamic VPL nucleus functions as a relay for the conduction of proprioceptive information from the diaphragm to the contralateral somatosensory cortex.
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Francis, Joseph T., Shaohua Xu, and John K. Chapin. "Proprioceptive and Cutaneous Representations in the Rat Ventral Posterolateral Thalamus." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 5 (May 2008): 2291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01206.2007.

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Determining how and where proprioceptive information is represented in the rat ventral posterolateral (VPL) is important in allowing us to further investigate how this sense is utilized during motor control and learning. Here we demonstrate using electrophysiological techniques that the rostral portion of the rat VPL nucleus (rVPL, −2 to −2.5 mm bregma) carries a large amount of proprioceptive information. Caudal to this region is a zone where the cutaneous receptive fields are focal (mVPL for middle VPL, −2.5 to −3.2 mm bregma) with a fine topographic map of the fore- and hindlimbs. The forepaw is represented with digit 1 medial and each subsequent digit increasingly lateral, all of which are dorsal to the pads. The caudal VPL (cVPL, −3.2 to −4.0 mm bregma) has broad receptive fields and is the target of lamina 1 and lamina 2, as well as the dorsal column nuclei, and may represent the flow of nociceptive information through the VPL. Thus we propose that the VPL may be thought of as three subnuclei—the rostral, middle, and caudal VPL—each carrying preferentially a different modality of information. This pattern of information flow through the rat VPL is similar, although apparently rotated, to that of many primates, indicating that these regions in the rat (rVPL, mVPL, and cVPL) have become further differentiated in primates where they are seen as separate nuclei (VPS, VPL, and VPI/VMpo).
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Lattenkamp, Ella Z., Stephen G. Hörpel, Janine Mengede, and Uwe Firzlaff. "A researcher's guide to the comparative assessment of vocal production learning." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1836 (September 6, 2021): 20200237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0237.

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Vocal production learning (VPL) is the capacity to learn to produce new vocalizations, which is a rare ability in the animal kingdom and thus far has only been identified in a handful of mammalian taxa and three groups of birds. Over the last few decades, approaches to the demonstration of VPL have varied among taxa, sound production systems and functions. These discrepancies strongly impede direct comparisons between studies. In the light of the growing number of experimental studies reporting VPL, the need for comparability is becoming more and more pressing. The comparative evaluation of VPL across studies would be facilitated by unified and generalized reporting standards, which would allow a better positioning of species on any proposed VPL continuum. In this paper, we specifically highlight five factors influencing the comparability of VPL assessments: (i) comparison to an acoustic baseline, (ii) comprehensive reporting of acoustic parameters, (iii) extended reporting of training conditions and durations, (iv) investigating VPL function via behavioural, perception-based experiments and (v) validation of findings on a neuronal level. These guidelines emphasize the importance of comparability between studies in order to unify the field of vocal learning. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Vocal learning in animals and humans’.
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Sanganahalli, Basavaraju G., Peter Herman, Douglas L. Rothman, Hal Blumenfeld, and Fahmeed Hyder. "Metabolic demands of neural-hemodynamic associated and disassociated areas in brain." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 36, no. 10 (August 25, 2016): 1695–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x16664531.

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Interpretation of regional blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is contingent on whether local field potential (LFP) and multi-unit activity (MUA) is either dissociated or associated. To examine whether neural-hemodynamic associated and dissociated areas have different metabolic demands, we recorded sensory-evoked responses of BOLD signal, blood flow (CBF), and blood volume (CBV), which with calibrated fMRI provided oxidative metabolism (CMRO2) from rat’s ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus (VPL) and somatosensory forelimb cortex (S1FL) and compared these neuroimaging signals to neurophysiological recordings. MUA faithfully recorded evoked latency differences between VPL and S1FL because evoked MUA in these regions were similar in magnitude. Since evoked LFP was significantly attenuated in VPL, we extracted the time courses of the weaker thalamic LFP to compare with the stronger cortical LFP using wavelet transform. BOLD and CBV responses were greater in S1FL than in VPL, similar to LFP regional differences. CBF and CMRO2 responses were both comparably larger in S1FL and VPL. Despite different levels of CBF-CMRO2 and LFP-MUA couplings in VPL and S1FL, the CMRO2 was well matched with MUA in both regions. These results suggest that neural-hemodynamic associated and dissociated areas in VPL and S1FL can have similar metabolic demands.
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Craven, Claudia, Hasan Asif, Amna Farrukh, Flavia Somavilla, Ahmed K. Toma, and Laurence Watkins. "Case series of ventriculopleural shunts in adults: a single-center experience." Journal of Neurosurgery 126, no. 6 (July 2016): 2010–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.4.jns16641.

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OBJECTIVEThe peritoneal cavity is widely used as the destination of choice for cerebrospinal fluid shunts. Various alternative sites have been used, particularly in the presence of certain contraindications. The pleural cavity has been used; however, a paucity of evidence details ventriculopleural (VPL) shunt survival, complication, and revision rates in adults. The aim of this study was to present a single center's experience with VPL shunts, identifying complication, revision, and survival rates.METHODSA single-center, retrospective case series analysis was conducted for VPL shunt insertions and revisions over a period of 5 years. Demographic as well as clinical data were collected. Ventriculopleural shunt survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and the log rank (Cox-Mantel) test.RESULTSTwenty-two VPL shunts were inserted in 19 patients. Median survival of the VPL shunts was 14 months. Pathological indication for the VPL shunt did not significantly affect survival. A total of 10 complications was observed: 2 infections, 2 cases of overdrainage, 2 obstructions, 1 distal catheter retraction, 2 symptomatic pleural effusions, and 1 asymptomatic pleural effusion.CONCLUSIONSVentriculopleural shunting is a safe and viable second-line procedure for cases in which ventriculoperitoneal shunts are unsuitable. While VPL shunts have a high revision rate, their complication rate is comparable to that of VP shunts. Ventriculopleural shunt survival can be improved by careful patient selection and the implementation of a combination of valves with antisiphon devices.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "VPL"

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Guimarães, José Wanderley Augusto. "Produção orgânica irrigada e rentabilidade do pimentão amarelo sob diferentes ambientes e dosagens de biofertilizante." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/10576.

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GUIMARÃES, J. W. A. Produção orgânica irrigada e rentabilidade do pimentão amarelo sob diferentes ambientes e dosagens de biofertilizante. 2013. 135 f. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2013.
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The use of biofertilizers in protected environments have been used to reduce the use of pesticides and protecting plants from pests and diseases , especially when weather conditions are adverse during the rainy season in the Northeast. Looking analyze these aspects , two surveys were conducted aiming to verify the behavior of the hybrid yellow peppers, irrigated and organic management under different environments and dosages of biofertilizers. In the first study treatments consisted of using three environments (greenhouse and open field trellis) and five doses of biofertilizer (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mL plant-1 week-1) applied through drip irrigation. It were observed temperature, relative humidity and incident solar radiation, and determined the following parameters of plant growth: Plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, average length and diameter, flesh thickness, total soluble solids and yield per plant. In the second study, measurements of other biofertilizer (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mL plant-1 week-1), due to the financial analysis of the first study demonstrated RBC < 1.0 and negative NPV for all treatments were used in addition to low productivity. In addition to the determinations of the growth parameters and post-harvest of the first study, were determined in leaves the macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S). The climatic data were compared using linear regression and correlation coefficients. Growth variables, production and post-harvest were subjected to analysis of variance. When significant by F-test, the data regarding the types of environments (qualitative treatment) underwent test of means by Tukey test. Data regarding dosages of biofertilizer (subplot, quantitative) were subjected to regression analysis seeking to adjust equations with biological meanings. In the financial analysis were determined cash flow and profitability following indicators: cost benefit ratio, net present value, and internal rate of return and sensitivity analysis. According to the results, it was concluded: the dosages of biofertilizers adopted by producers of Sierra Ibiapaba are incipient to a first crop of peppers under organic management, the environment greenhouse is the most suitable for the cultivation of sweet pepper even with temperatures more high that the trellis and open fields, the organic cultivation of sweet pepper under biofertilizer doses of between 20 and 80 mL plant-1week-1 is financially unfeasible. The cultivation of sweet pepper in greenhouses with the higher dosage of biofertilizers proved to be the most efficient in most growth variables, production and post-harvest analyzed. The levels of nitrogen, potassium, magnesium and calcium were higher in the leaves of the greenhouse and trellis. On the other hand, the phosphorus content was higher in plants open, while the sulfur showed similar values for the three environments, in spite of a small decrease in the trellis plant environment. As for dosages of biofertilizer , it is found increasing linear trend with increasing dosages for contents of nitrogen, phosphorus , potassium and decreases in the level of calcium and magnesium , with increasing fertilizer. This decrease was also observed in the sulfur content, but a more sharply from 200 mL plant-1week-1. Organic cultivation of sweet pepper under proper Biofertilization is financially viable, especially in the greenhouse environment.
O uso de biofertilizantes em ambientes protegidos tem sido utilizado para reduzir o emprego de agrotóxicos e proteger as plantas das pragas e doenças, principalmente quando as condições climáticas são adversas durante a estação chuvosa do Nordeste. Procurando analisar estes aspectos, foram realizadas duas pesquisas objetivando verificar o comportamento do pimentão híbrido amarelo, irrigado e com manejo orgânico, sob diferentes ambientes e dosagens de biofertilizantes. No primeiro estudo os tratamentos consistiram da utilização de três ambientes (estufa, latada e campo aberto) e de cinco dosagens de biofertilizante (0, 20, 40, 60 e 80 mL planta-1 semana-1) aplicadas via irrigação por gotejamento. Foram observadas temperatura, umidade relativa e incidência de radiação solar e determinados os seguintes parâmetros de crescimento: altura de plantas, diâmetro do caule, área foliar, comprimento médio e diâmetro dos frutos, espessura da polpa, teor de sólidos solúveis e produção por planta. No segundo estudo, foram utilizadas outras dosagens do biofertilizante (0, 250, 500, 750 e 1000 mL planta-1 semana-1), devido a análise financeira do primeiro estudo ter demonstrado RBC < 1,0 e VPL negativo para todos os tratamentos, além de baixas produtividades. Adicionalmente às determinações dos parâmetros de crescimento e de pós-colheita do primeiro estudo, foram determinados nas folhas os teores de macronutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S). Os dados microclimáticos coletados foram comparados por meio de regressões lineares e coeficientes de determinação. As variáveis de crescimento, de produção e de pós-colheita foram submetidas à análise de variância. Quando significativos pelo teste F, os dados referentes aos tipos de ambientes (tratamentos qualitativos) foram submetidos a teste de médias pelo teste de Tukey. Os dados referentes às dosagens do biofertilizante (subtratamentos, quantitativos) foram submetidos à análise de regressão buscando-se ajustar equações com significados biológicos. Na análise financeira foram determinados o fluxo de caixa e os seguintes indicadores de rentabilidade: relação benefício custo, valor presente líquido, taxa interna de retorno e análise de sensibilidade. Conforme os resultados obtidos, concluiu-se: as dosagens de biofertilizante adotadas pelos produtores da Serra da Ibiapaba são incipientes para um primeiro cultivo de pimentão, sob manejo orgânico; o ambiente estufa é o mais adequado para o cultivo do pimentão amarelo mesmo apresentando temperaturas mais elevadas que a latada e o campo aberto; o cultivo orgânico do pimentão amarelo sob dosagens de biofertilizante entre 20 e 80 mL planta-1semana-1 é inviável financeiramente. O cultivo do pimentão amarelo em estufa com a mais elevada dosagem de biofertilizante mostrou-se o mais eficiente na maioria das variáveis de crescimento, de produção e de pós-colheita analisadas. Os teores de nitrogênio, de potássio, de magnésio e de cálcio foram maiores nas folhas das plantas da estufa e latada. Por outro lado, o teor de fósforo foi superior nas plantas de campo aberto, enquanto o enxofre apresentou valores similares nos três ambientes, no que pese um pequeno decréscimo nas plantas do ambiente latada. Quanto às dosagens dos biofertilizantes, constataram-se tendências lineares crescentes com o aumento das dosagens para os teores de nitrogênio, do fósforo, do potássio e decréscimos no nível do cálcio e do magnésio, com o aumento do fertilizante. Este decréscimo foi também observado no teor do enxofre, contudo de uma maneira mais acentuada, a partir de 200 mL planta-O cultivo orgânico do pimentão amarelo sob adequada biofertilização é viável financeiramente, principalmente no ambiente estufa
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Silva, Marcelle Figueira Marques da. "Caracterização molecular dos genes de VP1, VP2, VP3, VP4 e VP7 de amostras de rotavírus a genótipo G5P[8] circulando no Brasil entre 1986 e 2005." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2009. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/8485.

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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
Nas décadas de 80 e início de 90 os rotavírus A (RV-A) de genótipo G5, comum em suínos, equinos e bovinos eram detectados com frequência em amostras fecais de crianças brasileiras. Após 1996, deixou de circular em caráter endêmico, tornando-se apenas esporadicamente detectado, enquanto o genótipo G9 começou a ser detectado com frequência. Esta situação leva a crer que houve a substituição do genótipo G5 pelo G9. Tendo em vista a escassez de dados moleculares a respeito de amostras de genótipo G5 de RV-A, no presente estudo foi realizada a análise filogenética para os genes que codificam para as proteínas VP1, VP2, VP3, VP4, e VP7 de vinte e oito amostras de RV-A humano de genótipo G5P[8], coletadas em diferentes estados brasileiros entre 1986 e 2005. A análise filogenética do gene que codifica para a proteína VP7 demonstrou que as mesmas agrupam juntamente com amostras humanas brasileiras de genótipo G5 (IAL28, Br 1054 e Br H8), no entanto a análise do gene que codifica para a proteína VP4 demonstrou que circularam três linhagens do genótipo P[8] (P[8]-1, P[8]-2, e P[8]-3) no Brasil entre 1986 e 2005 em associação com G5. As análises filogenéticas para os genes que codificam para VP1, VP2, e VP3 demonstraram que os mesmos pertencem ao genogrupo Wa-Like, comum a humanos, o que sugere que estas amostras possam ter se originado de uma amostra de RV-A humano. As análises filogenéticas dos genes de VP1, VP2 e Vp3 revelaram que todas as amostras foram classificadas dentro dos genótipos R1, M1 e C1, respectivamente Os resultados do presente estudo enfatizam a importância do monitoramento contínuo e a caracterização molecular das amostras de RV-A circulantes, principalmente para prever a possível emergência e/ou re-emergência de genótipos após a introdução de uma vacina contra RV-A nos diferentes continentes do mundo e para se melhor entender a dinâmica e o padrão de evolução dos RV-A de genótipo G5.
The group A rotavirus (RV-A) genotype G5, which is common in pigs but also detected in horses and cattle was frequently detected in stool samples collected in the 1980s and the early 1990s in Brazil. After 1996, the G5 has disappeared as an endemic/epidemic strain, becoming only sporadically detected. On the other hand the RV-A G9 has showed a broad geographic distribution. Recently, the G5 was reported in children with severe diarrhea in Argentina, Brazil, Cameroon, Paraguay, People’s Republic of China, and Vietnam. It suggests that the G5, although uncommon overall in humans, is found worldwide. Twenty-eight G5P[8] human RV-A strains isolated from a 19-year long sample collection (from 1986 to 2005), representing four different Brazilian states, was analyzed, and the genetic variability for VP1, VP2, VP3, VP4 and VP7 genes was determined. The nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Based on VP7 gene phylogenetic analysis, all the analyzed sequences were clustered with other Brazilian G5 strains. The VP4 genes analyzes showed that three P[8] genetic lineages (P[8]-1, P[8]-2 and P[8]-3) circulated in Brazil between 1986 and 2005 in association with genotype G5. The analyzed partial sequences of VP1, VP2 and VP3 showed high identity with RV-A Wa-like strains, which suggests that they might have originated from a human RV-A strain. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that all Brazilian strains were classified as genotype R1, M1 and C1 for VP1, VP2 and VP3 genes, respectively. Our results show that the inner RV-A genotype G5 proteins have been adapted in humans for at least 20 years, emphasizing the importance of continuous virological surveillance of circulating RV-A to detect new variants and possible antigenic changes with potential effect on vaccine effectiveness and contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics and pattern of RV-A G5 evolution.
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3

Bellan, Stener. "Aplicação de opções reais em projetos de automação: um estudo de caso na indústria de cerveja." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/14734.

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Industrial automation projects are evaluated financially through the widely used methods of Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Recent studies show a tendency to use other methods of performing this assessment. This paper explores the alternative method of Real Options for evaluation of these projects seeking to get closer to the real world, considering greater uncertainty and flexibility than the NPV. Initially it will be shown a literature review focusing on the binomial method in Real Options. The proposed methodology is a case study of a project in the beer market in Brazil, using as source a large multinational company supplying this project. Later a financial analysis will be done primarily using only the NPV and later incorporating the binomial method of Real Options, resulting in the extended VPL. The goal is to price the flexibility of Real Options present in the design of the supply contract under consideration that are not normally considered. This is intended to verify that the binomial method of real options makes real difference in the project under study.
Projetos de automação industrial são avaliados financeiramente através dos métodos bastante utilizados de Valor Presente Líquido (VPL) e Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR). Estudos recentes mostram uma tendência para a utilização de outros métodos para realizar esta avaliação. Este trabalho explora o método alternativo de Opções Reais para avaliação desses projetos que busca se aproximar mais do mundo real considerando maior incerteza e flexibilidade do que o VPL. Inicialmente será feita uma revisão de literatura focando o método binomial dentro de Opções Reais. A metodologia proposta é um estudo de caso de um projeto no mercado de cerveja no Brasil, utilizando como fonte uma empresa multinacional de grande porte fornecedora desse projeto. Posteriormente será feita uma análise financeira primeiramente utilizando somente o VPL e posteriormente incorporando o método binomial de Opções Reais, resultando no VPL estendido. O objetivo é precificar a flexibilidade das Opções Reais presentes no contrato de fornecimento do projeto em estudo que normalmente não são consideradas. Com isso pretende-se verificar se o método binomial de Opções Reais faz real diferença no projeto em estudo.
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Silva, Petrônio Pereira da. "Estudo da Habilidade de Sistemas de Cogeração Em Suportar Variações Financeiras." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/11644.

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Sistemas de cogeração podem gerar energia térmica ou elétrica a partir de uma ou mais fontes de energia. São bastante utilizados nas centrais de utilidades das indústrias e edifícios comerciais, com a finalidade de gerar e distribuir vapor, água gelada ou eletricidade a diversos tipos de processos. Apesar de eficientes, podem se tornar financeiramente arriscados quando submetidos a alterações nos parâmetros originais de projeto. Diminuições na demanda ou aumento de preços dos combustíveis, por exemplo, podem transformar um projeto tecnicamente ótimo em um fracasso econômico. O objetivo do presente trabalho é ilustrar que projetos baseados em sistemas de cogeração, ao contrário do que comumente se acredita, são muito robustos para suportar mudanças financeiras, desde que tenham flexibilidade técnica para se ajustarem às novas condições. Como ilustração da robustez dos sistemas de cogeração, usou-se neste trabalho um sistema composto por: um motor, três tipos de caldeiras e dois tipos de chillers. A principal característica desse sistema é que é possível combinar o uso dos equipamentos de várias maneiras diferentes, gerando inúmeras configurações de operação capazes de atender as demandas. As demandas de água gelada, eletricidade e vapor são variáveis ao longo dos dias. A otimização foi realizada pelo método clássico da Programação Linear, minimizando o VPL (Valor Presente Líquido) nas possíveis configurações de operação. Uma série de estudos de casos foram realizados no intuito de investigar o comportamento do sistema geral otimizado quando submetido a alterações financeiras. As principais conclusões são que o sistema de cogeração proposto pode suportar um aumento de até 374% na tarifa de combustível e um aumento de até 93% na tarifa de energia elétrica. Outra conclusão importante é que os sistemas de cogeração são robustos no que se refere às variações da tarifa de combustível e eletricidade após os primeiros dez anos de operação.
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5

Frisk, Maxim. "Utvärdering av visuell programmering för mobila enheter i Unreal Engine 4 : ETT ARBETE UTFÖR VID SPELFÖRETAGET STAKKR AB." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-186414.

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This thesis has been carried out at the company Stakkr AB in Stockholm. Stakkr have considered moving their existing C++ code to the visual programming language Blueprints in Unreal Engine 4. The objective of this study was to examine the performance of Blueprint if it’s suitable for mobile games, as well to provide Stakkr a suitability assessment of writing code in Blueprint and examine how well it performs compared with the language programming language C++. The assessment of suitability was performed by implementing a translation of two existing C++ classes to Blueprints and an assessment was made regarding development in Blueprint and performance testing between the existing C ++ and the developed Blueprint classes. The method of execution of the assessment was to work agile in short and structured iterations. The assessment of the suitability of the study showed that it was user-friendly to develop with Blueprint. However the existing C ++ classes outperformed the classes written in Blueprints. The reason why Blueprints perform worse has been identified and recommendations regarding the performance issues have been developed.
Detta examensarbete har genomförts på företaget Stakkr AB i Stockholm. Stakkr har övervägt att flytta över sin befintliga C++ kod till det visuella programmeringsspråk Blueprints i Unreal Engine 4. Målet med detta examensarbete har varit att undersöka om prestandan i Blueprints är lämplig för mobilspel samt att tillhandahålla Stakkr en lämplighetsutvärdering av att skriva kod i Blueprints och undersöka hur bra den presterar jämfört med språkstandarden C++. bedömningen av lämpligheten utfördes genom att genomföra en översättning av två befintliga C++ klasser till Blueprints, en bedömning av att utveckla i Blueprints har gjorts och prestandatester har utförts mellan de befintliga C++ gentemot de utvecklade Blueprintklasserna. Metoden för utförandet av bedömningen var att arbeta agilt i korta och strukturerade iterationer. Bedömningen från lämplighetsundersökningen visade att det var användarvänligt att utveckla i Blueprints. Dock presterade Blueprintklasserna sämre än de befintliga C++ klasser. Anledningen till varför Blueprints presterar sämre har identifierats och rekommendationer gällande detta har tagits fram.
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Valadão, Gabriel Müller. "Aspectos econômicos do extrativismo do baru no Vale do Urucuia, Minas Gerais." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2016. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/20064.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais, 2016.
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O Cerrado é caracterizado por uma grande biodiversidade, no entanto vem sofrendo uma grande perda de sua área original, sendo necessário desenvolver pesquisas para estimular o uso sustentável dos recursos naturais. As vantagens do crescimento do comércio de produtos florestais não madeireiros devem-se, principalmente, à possibilidade de conciliar desenvolvimento à conservação da biodiversidade. A espécie baruzeiro possui características nutricionais e funcionais diferenciadas, nos últimos anos o comércio de suas castanhas vem se destacando como fonte geradora de renda para as famílias agroextrativistas. O objetivo desse estudo foi a análise econômica e financeira da produção de castanha de baru na região do vale do Rio Urucuia, inquirindo sobre a viabilidade econômica e financeira da atividade extrativista, caracterizando seu canal de comercialização, auferindo as margens brutas e mark-ups de comercialização. Foram caracterizados os processos produtivos, as variáveis técnicas, rendimentos operacionais, em especial os custos e receitas da atividade. Foi realizado um estudo acerca do efeito do ganho de escala com os indicadores econômicos utilizados, analisando a viabilidade de diferentes perfis de agroextrativistas. O extrativismo se mostrou viável economicamente em todos indicadores de rentabilidade, com exceção a receita líquida dos agroextrativistas médios na safra de 2014. Ao analisar a viabilidade financeira da atividade na perspectiva da execução um investimento, o extrativismo se mostrou viável somente para o coletivo de agroextrativistas. O beneficiamento dos frutos mostrou-se determinante nos custos de produção e todos os indicadores econômicos responderam positivamente ao aumento de escala. Ao estudar as margens de comercialização, foi constatado que os agroextrativistas se apropriaram pouco das margens do valor final do produto ou em relação ao seu custo de produção, no entanto todos os fatores de produção, assim como seus custos, foram remunerados e geraram valores superiores ao custo de oportunidade. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) is characterized by large biodiversity and therefore is classified as one of the world's biodiversity hotspots. The benefits of the non timber forest products marketing increase are due to the possibility of joining economic development with biodiversity conservation and settling down of peasants in their rural areas. The species Baruzeiro has multiple uses. In recent years the commercialization of the Baru nuts has stood out as an income source for extractivist family farmers. This study aims to economically analyse the Baru nuts production in the Urucuia River valley area by inquiring on the feasibility of the extractivist activity and Baru nuts commercializtion. Extractivism has shown to be economically feasible for all profitability indicators with exception of the net income of the less productive farmers in the harvest of 2014. By analyzing the feasibility of the activity under the perspective of the implementation of an investment, extractivism has shown to be feasible only for collective and associative enterprises. The study of the trade margins indicated that the farmers is little appropriated the final selling value or the one related to the production costs,what highlights that all production factors as well as their costs were remunerated and generated values above opportunity costs.
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Barillas, Jennys Lourdes Meneses. "Estudo da recupera??o de ?leo por drenagem gravitacional assistida por inje??o de vapor." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15877.

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Steam assisted gravity drainage process (SAGD) involves two parallel horizontal wells located in a same vertical plane, where the top well is used as steam injector and the bottom well as producer. The dominant force in this process is gravitational. This improved oil recovery method has been demonstrated to be economically viable in commercial projects of oil recovery for heavy and extra heavy oil, but it is not yet implemented in Brazil. The study of this technology in reservoirs with characteristics of regional basins is necessary in order to analyze if this process can be used, minimizing the steam rate demand and improving the process profitability. In this study, a homogeneous reservoir was modeled with characteristics of Brazilian Northeast reservoirs. Simulations were accomplished with STARS , a commercial software from Computer Modelling Group, which is used to simulate improved oil recovery process in oil reservoirs. In this work, a steam optimization was accomplished in reservoirs with different physical characteristics and in different cases, through a technical-economic analysis. It was also studied a semi-continuous steam injection or with injection stops. Results showed that it is possible to use a simplified equation of the net present value, which incorporates earnings and expenses on oil production and expenses in steam requirement, in order to optimize steam rate and obtaining a higher net present value in the process. It was observed that SAGD process can be or not profitable depending on reservoirs characteristics. It was also obtained that steam demand can still be reduced injecting in a non continuous form, alternating steam injection with stops at several time intervals. The optimization of these intervals allowed to minimize heat losses and to improve oil recovery
O processo de drenagem gravitacional com inje??o cont?nua de vapor (SAGD) envolve dois po?os horizontais paralelos localizados em uma mesma vertical, onde o po?o superior ? usado como injetor de vapor e o inferior como produtor. A for?a dominante neste processo ? a gravitacional. Este m?todo de recupera??o avan?ada tem sido demonstrado ser economicamente vi?vel em projetos comerciais de recupera??o de petr?leo pesado e extra pesado, mas ainda n?o foi implementado no Brasil. O estudo desta tecnologia em reservat?rios com caracter?sticas das bacias regionais ? necess?rio para analisar como se ad?qua o processo para minimizar a demanda de vapor obtendo a maior rentabilidade do processo. Neste estudo foi usado um modelo homog?neo com caracter?sticas de reservat?rios do Nordeste Brasileiro. As simula??es foram realizadas em um programa comercial da Computer Modelling Group , o STARS , m?dulo usado para realizar estudos de m?todos de recupera??o avan?ada de reservat?rios de ?leo. Neste trabalho, foi realizada uma otimiza??o do vapor em reservat?rios com diferentes caracter?sticas f?sicas e em diferentes cen?rios, atrav?s de uma an?lise t?cnico-econ?mica. Tamb?m foi estudada a inje??o de vapor semi-cont?nua ou com paradas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que ? poss?vel utilizar uma equa??o simplificada do valor presente l?quido, que incorpora os ganhos e gastos na produ??o de ?leo e os gastos na inje??o de vapor, para otimizar a demanda do vapor obtendo um maior valor presente l?quido no processo. Observou-se que o m?todo (SAGD) pode ser ou n?o rent?vel dependendo das caracter?sticas do reservat?rio. Encontrou-se tamb?m que a necessidade de vapor pode ainda ser diminu?da utilizando esquemas de inje??o de vapor com paradas em intervalos de tempo otimizados, e isto permitiu minimizar as perdas de calor e melhorar a recupera??o.
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8

Evangelista, Mário Luiz Santos. "Estudo comparativo de análise de investimentos em projetos entre o método VPL e o de opções reais." Florianópolis, SC, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/88720.

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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção
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Oliveira, Mário Henrique da Fonseca. "A avaliação econômico-financeira de investimentos sob condição de incerteza: uma comparação entre o método de Monte Carlo e o VPL fuzzy." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18140/tde-03122009-090723/.

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Os métodos determinísticos utilizados para avaliação econômico-financeira de projetos de investimentos, como o Valor Presente Líquido (VPL) e a Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR), contemplam exatidão do comportamento futuro das variáveis inerentes ao projeto. Porém, as imprevisibilidades futuras acrescidas da alta volatilidade da economia e tecnologia mundial tornam as análises determinísticas frágeis em situações onde existam incertezas, o que pode levar gestores e investidores a tomar decisões equivocadas quanto à alocação de capital. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral a comparação entre dois métodos que podem ser utilizados para avaliação de investimentos que abordam a condição de incerteza. O método de Monte Carlo, em seu caráter estatístico, permite que as variáveis presentes sejam consideradas por meio de distribuições de probabilidade, as quais associadas a geração de números aleatórios fornecem uma resposta que considera as incertezas presentes. O Valor Presente Líquido fuzzy constitui-se em um método alternativo para análise, o qual considera as variáveis incertas como números nebulosos, ou seja, concepções matemáticas que não apresentam fronteiras rígidas. Por meio da aplicação dos métodos em uma situação real de investimento, buscou-se realizar uma análise comparativa, que levasse em conta os resultados numéricos obtidos e a conceituação teórica envolvida.
The deterministic methods used for economical and financial evaluation of investments projects, such as Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate Return (IRR) consider the future comportment of the project variables as exact values. Nevertheless, the future unpredictability and the high volatility of world economy and technology make fragile the deterministic analysis under situations that uncertainty is present, what may lead managers and investors to take bad decisions about capital allocation. The main objective of this assignment is two compare two different methods used to evaluate investments under uncertainty. The Monte Carlo method is its statistical character, allows to associate probability distributions with random numbers and this application provides that includes uncertainty. The fuzzy Net Present Value is an alternative method to analyze investments, which consider uncertainty variable as fuzzy numbers, i.e., mathematics conceptions that do not present absolute borders. Two different kinds of comparisons were produced by applications of both methods in a real investment situation: the first was developed based on numeric analysis; the second is based on a theory that involves those methods.
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Holm, Erik, and Johan Lavén. "En studie i läsbarhet av visuella programmeringsspråk." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16970.

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För att förenkla programmeringsprocessen används ibland visuella programmeringsspråk. Denna studie visar hur snabbt programmeringsstudenter läser och förstår visuella programmeringsspråk i jämförelse mot hur de läser och förstår textbaserade programmeringsspråk. Med ett egenutvecklat visuellt programmeringsspråk undersöker denna studie hur läsbarheten skiljer sig hos visuella programmeringsspråk mot textbaserade. Studien utfördes med två läsmoment på totalt 21 testpersoner med tidigare erfarenhet av programmering. I genomsnitt utfördes läsmomentet med det visuella programmeringsspråket på kortare tid än motsvarande textbaserade läsmoment. Ett framtida arbete kan undersöka hur visuella programmeringsspråk kan förbättras för användare med nedsatt färgseende.
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Books on the topic "VPL"

1

Schuurman, B. G. J. Beleidsvorming rond de Wet fiscale behandeling van pensioenen en Wet VPL. 's-Gravenhage: Reed Business Information, 2005.

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Clark, Dayton. Telecomputing the Utah/MIT hand with a VPL DataGlove. II. Architecture and applications. New York: Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, 1988.

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Demografischer Wandel und verbandliche Interessenvermittlung: "Rente mit 67" und "Wet VPL" im Vergleich. Münster: Waxmann, 2012.

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Schuurman, B. G. J. Algemene beschrijving van Wet fiscale behandeling van pensioenen in de praktijk en Wet VPL. 's-Gravenhage: Reed Business Information, 2005.

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Pravozashchitnyĭ t︠s︡entr "Memorial" (Moscow, Russia) and Programma "Migrat︠s︡ii︠a︡ i Pravo"--organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ seti i︠u︡ridicheskikh konsulʹtat︠s︡iĭ v Rossii dli︠a︡ bezhent︠s︡ev i vynuzhdennykh pereselent︠s︡ev (Moscow, Russia), eds. Pravovye i sot︠s︡ialʹnye problemy lit︠s︡, peremeshchennykh vnutri strany (VPL): Materialy tridnat︠s︡atogo seminara, provedennogo Pravozashchitnym t︠s︡entrom "Memorial" po Programme "Migrat︠s︡ii︠a︡ i Pravo"--organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ seti i︠u︡ridicheskikh konsulʹtat︠s︡iĭ v Rossii dli︠a︡ bezhent︠s︡ev i vynuzhdennykh pereselent︠s︡ev, 27-29 apreli︠a︡ 2002 g. Moskva: "R. Valent", 2003.

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Designing and implementing IP/MPLS-based Ethernet Layer 2 VPN services: An advanced guide for VPLS and VLL. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley, 2010.

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Chris, Lyon, and Blot Nicolas, eds. Le vol. [Paris]: Casterman, 1993.

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Volando. New York: Newbridge Educational Pub., 1999.

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Terry, Gwynn-Jones, and Moolman Valerie 1927-, eds. Le vol et l'aérodynamique. Paris: France loisirs, 1992.

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Vole ! vole ! [Bruxelles]: Pastel, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "VPL"

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Kühn, Eva, and Franz Puntigam. "Reliable communication in VPL." In PARLE '92 Parallel Architectures and Languages Europe, 767–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55599-4_123.

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Brose, Gerald, and Klaus-Peter Löhr. "VPL — Sprachunterstützung für den Entwurf von Zugriffsschutzpolitiken." In Verläßliche Informationssysteme, 163–85. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-90897-1_11.

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Zheng, Xueen, Chengdong Xu, Fei Niu, and Anjin Li. "VPL Optimization Method with Multi-objective Program." In China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC) 2017 Proceedings: Volume I, 701–12. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4588-2_59.

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Sanchez, B., C. Rausch, C. Haas, and T. Hartmann. "VPL Prototypes for Determining Disassembly Parameters of BIM Models." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 507–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6932-3_44.

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Xu, Yang, Da Ruan, and Jun Liu. "Approximate Reasoning Based on Lattice-Valued Propositional Logic L vpl." In Fuzzy If-Then Rules in Computational Intelligence, 81–105. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4513-2_5.

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Tramberend, Henrik. "Die Erweiterung der VPL VR-Umgebung um alternative Rendering-Technologien." In Virtual Reality, 313–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88650-8_24.

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Chan, Alvin T. S., Jiannong Cao, Chi-Kin Liu, and Weidong Cao. "Design and Implementation of VPL: A Virtual Programming Laboratory for Online Distance Learning." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 509–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45200-3_47.

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Rodríguez-del-Pino, Juan Carlos, Zenón J. Hernández-Figueroa, María Dolores Afonso-Suárez, and José Daniel González-Domínguez. "A Comprehensive Discussion of Emerging Automatic Programming Assessment in Learning Management Systems: The VPL Example." In Microlearning, 141–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13359-6_9.

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Balka, Ellen, and Brian J. Peterson. "Jacques and Jill at VPL: Citizenship and the Use of the Internet at Vancouver Public Library." In Citizenship and Participation in the Information Age, edited by Manjunath Pendakur and Roma Harris, 361–71. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442602465-030.

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Hoshino, Y., and A. Z. Kapikian. "Classification of rotavirus VP4 and VP7 serotypes." In Viral Gastroenteritis, 99–111. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6553-9_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "VPL"

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Cardoso, José Marílio, António Vieira de Castro, Rosa Barroso, Álvaro Rocha, and Rui Marques. "INTRODUCING VPL ON A PROGRAMMING LEARNING PROCESS." In 10th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2018.1981.

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Cristina Ribeiro Pacheco, Gabriela, and Conceição De Maria Albuquerque Alves. "IMPACTOS DOS CRITÉRIOS DE DIMENSIONAMENTO DE RESERVATÓRIOS NO COMPORTAMENTO DOS SISTEMAS DE APROVEITAMENTO DE ÁGUA PLUVIAL." In XIV SIMPÓSIO NACIONAL DE SISTEMAS PREDIAIS [SISPRED 2021]. Antac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46421/sispred.v2i.1096.

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RESUMO: O dimensionamento adequado dos sistemas de aproveitamento de água pluvial (SAAP) é fundamental para garantir a eficácia dos mesmos. Diante dos diferentes métodos e abordagens de dimensionamento, este estudo compara a influência dos critérios de dimensionamento na eficiência, no volume extravasado e no valor presente líquido (VPL) dos sistemas. Assim, foi empregado um programa computacional para comparar esses indicadores para sistemas dimensionados considerando os seguintes critérios: eficiência, confiabilidade, VPL, VPL por volume de armazenamento e diferença entre percentuais de economia por volume de armazenamento. Verificou-se uma grande variação dos indicadores para os critérios avaliados o que faz que cada critério deva ser empregado para um objetivo. Considera-se que os sistemas dimensionados pelo VPL máximo e pela diferença entre economia por volume apresentaram uma eficiência considerável e maiores retornos econômicos para a maioria dos cenários avaliados. Assim, de forma geral são mais adequados.
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Sharma, G., M. Badescu, A. Dubey, C. Mavroidis, T. Sessa, S. M. Tomassone, and M. L. Yarmush. "Kinematics and Workspace Analysis of Protein Based Nano-Motors." In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57569.

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Kinematic and workspace analyses are performed to predict the performance of a new nanoscale biomolecular motor: The Viral Protein Linear (VPL) Motor. The motor is based on a conformational change observed in a family of viral envelope proteins when subjected to a changing pH environment. The conformational change produces a motion of about 10 nm, making the VPL a basic linear actuator, which can be further interfaced with other organic/inorganic nanoscale components such as DNA actuators and carbon nanotubes. This paper presents the principle of operation of the VPL motor and the development of direct and inverse kinematic models for workspace analysis. Preliminary results obtained from the developed computational tools are presented.
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Aranha, Vitor M., Marcio C. F. Macedo, and Antonio L. Apolinario. "Screen-space VPL propagation for real-time indirect lighting." In 2020 33rd SIBGRAPI Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images (SIBGRAPI). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sibgrapi51738.2020.00015.

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Vasquez-Gomez, J. Irving. "VPL: A View Planning Library for Automated 3D Reconstruction." In 2020 International Conference on Mechatronics, Electronics and Automotive Engineering (ICMEAE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmeae51770.2020.00010.

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Van Treuren, Kenneth W., D. Neal Barlow, William H. Heiser, Matthew J. Wagner, and Nelson H. Forster. "Investigation of Vapor-Phase Lubrication in a Gas Turbine Engine." In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-003.

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The liquid oil lubrication system of current aircraft jet engines accounts for approximately 10–15% of the total weight of the engine. It has long been a goal of the aircraft gas turbine industry to reduce this weight. Vapor-Phase Lubrication (VPL) is a promising technology to eliminate liquid oil lubrication. The current investigation resulted in the first gas turbine to operate in the absence of conventional liquid lubrication. A phosphate ester, commercially known as DURAD 620B, was chosen for the test. Extensive research at Wright Laboratory demonstrated that this lubricant could reliably lubricate railing element bearings in the gas turbine engine environment. The Allison T63 engine was selected as the test vehicle because of its small size and bearing configuration. Specifically, VPL was evaluated in the number eight bearing because it is located in a relatively hot environment, in line with the combustor discharge, and it can be isolated from the other bearings and the liquid lubrication system. The bearing was fully instrumented and its performance with standard oil lubrication was documented. Results of this baseline study were used to develop a thermodynamic model to predict the bearing temperature with VPL. The engine was then operated at a ground idle condition with VPL with the lubricant misted into the #8 bearing at 13 ml/hr. The bearing temperature stabilized at 283°C within 10 minutes. Engine operation was continued successfully for a total of one hour. No abnormal wear of the rolling contact surfaces was found when the bearing was later examined. Bearing temperatures after engine shutdown indicated the bearing had reached thermodynamic equilibrium with its surroundings during the test. After shutdown bearing temperatures steadily decreased without the soakback effect seen after shutdown in standard lubricated bearings. In contrast, the oil lubricated bearing ran at a considerably lower operating temperature (83°C) and was significantly heated by its surroundings after engine shutdown. In the baseline tests, the final bearing temperatures never reached that of the operating VPL system.
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Matsuo, Saki, Masato Gocho, Takahiro Hashimoto, and Atsuo Ozaki. "GPU-based parallel algorithm for VPL-approximated EM wave propagation." In 2017 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eucap.2017.7928307.

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Archer, Jesse, Geoff Leach, and Pyarelal Knowles. "Fast raycasting using a compound deep image for VPL range determination." In SA '18: SIGGRAPH Asia 2018. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3283254.3283285.

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Otto, Gerhardt P., David Lau-Kee, and Yasuo Kozato. "Design and implementation issues in VPL: visual language for image processing." In SPIE/IS&T 1992 Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology, edited by Ronald B. Arps and William K. Pratt. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.58411.

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Gonçalves, Luan, and Flávio Luiz Schiavoni. "The development of libmosaic-sound: a library for sound design and an extension for the Mosaicode Programming Environment." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Computação Musical. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbcm.2019.10429.

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Music has been influenced by digital technology over the last few decades. With the computer, the musical composition could trespass the use of acoustic instruments demanding to musicians and composers a sort of computer programming skills for the development of musical applications. In order to simplify the development of musical applications, several tools and musical programming languages arose bringing some facilities to lay-musicians on computer programming to use the computer to make music. This work presents the development of a Visual Programming Language (VPL) for audio applications in the Mosaicode programming environment, simplifying sound design and making the synthesis and manipulation of audio more accessible to digital artists. It is also presented the implementation of libmosaic-sound library for the specific domain of Music Computing, which supported the VPL development.
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Reports on the topic "VPL"

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Zhang, Chen qi, Xueyang Bai, Yong Wan, Hongyan Li, and Hongbin Sun. Efficacy, safety, and retention rate of extended-release divalproex versus conventional delayed-release divalproex: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0090.

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Review question / Objective: We aim to systematically examine and compare the efficacy, safety and retention rate of ER divalproex (VPA-ER) and conventional DR divalproex (VPA-DR) on patients with epilepsy. Condition being studied: To our knowledge, comparison and conversion studies about VPA-ER and conventional VPA-DR are lacked. Small-sample studies analyzing the safety and efficacy of VPA-ER in different populations remain controversial. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review the safety, efficacy and retention rate of VPA-ER and VPA-DR by meta-analysis.
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Salam, S., N. Del Regno, and J. Rabadan. Seamless Integration of Ethernet VPN (EVPN) with Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) and Their Provider Backbone Bridge (PBB) Equivalents. Edited by A. Sajassi. RFC Editor, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc8560.

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Schardt, Jürgen. Das bundesdeutsche Vergleichsmietensystem und der Frankfurter Mietspiegel 2010. Goethe-Universität, Institut für Humangeographie, November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.27461.

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Der Mietspiegel ist ein Instrument im deutschen Vergleichsmietensystem, mit dem die Mietpreise auf dem privaten Wohnungsmarkt reguliert werden sollen. Frankfurt am Main war Pionier bei der Durchsetzung des Mietspiegels in der Bundesrepublik: Bereits in den 1960er Jahren wurden Mietprognosen von der Vereinigung der Haus-, Grund- und Wohnungseigentümer (Haus & Grund) veröffentlicht, die bei Rechtsstreitigkeiten schlichtende Funktion erfüllen sollten; 1974 kam es zur Bildung einer Kommission, in der neben der Stadt Frankfurt u.a. Repräsentant_innen der beiden Mietparteien vertreten waren und die den ersten Mietspiegel herausgab (vgl. Lammel 2007: 4); 1990 kam es schließlich zur bundesweit ersten Erstellung eines Mietspiegels mittels der Regressionsanalyse – einer Methode, die damals von Seiten der Vermieter_innenverbände heftig angefeindet wurde (vgl. ebd.: 6ff., Hummel 1993), mittlerweile jedoch allgemein als anerkannt gilt (vgl. BMVBW 2002: 39). In Frankfurt kommt diese Methode bis heute zur Anwendung, obwohl sie nach wie vor in der Kritik der Vermieter_innenverbände steht (vgl. exemplarisch Ridinger 2011). Entsprechend lehnten diese bspw. den Mietspiegel 2008 geschlossen ab, während die Mieter_innenverbände ihm durchweg zustimmten (vgl. Amt für Wohnungswesen 2008: 4). Haus & Grund äußerte sich damals in Vertretung der Kleineigentümer_innen wie folgt: „Der einseitig von der Stadt aufgezwungene Mietspiegel kann seinen Hauptzweck, nämlich für eine Befriedung zwischen Mietern und Vermietern zu sorgen, nicht erfüllen“ (Haus & Grund 2009). 2010 wendete sich das Bild: Während die Vermieter_innenverbände dem neuen Mietspiegel mehrheitlich zustimmten, stimmte ein Mieter_innenverband dagegen und zwei enthielten sich der Stimme. Beispielhaft auch hier die Erklärung von Haus & Grund: „Frankfurter Vermieter können aufatmen. Der neue Frankfurter Mietspiegel 2010 ermöglicht Mietsteigerungen um durchschnittlich 4,4 Prozent. (...) Die Innenstadt wurde durch die Einführung von zwei neuen Wohnlage-Kategorien stark aufgewertet, die Liste der Durchgangsstraßen wurde merklich reduziert, und der restaurierte Stilaltbau erhält endlich die Zuschläge, die ihm gebühren. Freuen dürfte viele Vermieter zudem, dass auch Balkone, Terrassen, Loggien und Rollläden wieder Zuschläge erhalten, ebenso wie modernisierte Bäder“ (Haus & Grund 2011a). In der Folge kam es zu teilweise drastischen Mieterhöhungen, die zum Protest verschiedener Stadtteilinitiativen führten (FR 2011b, 2011c). In der Diskussion um die Fortschreibung des Mietspiegels 2010 wurde von der IG BAU seine Abschaffung gefordert (vgl. FR 2012d).
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Goakar, Darshana, LGK Prasad, and M. R. Rao. Cannabinoid Analysis in Humans. ImmunAG, LLP., August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31013/cahwtpp112020.

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Hung, Hsuan-Yu, and Chung-Yu Chen. The impact of Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir/Voxilaprevir treatment on serum hyperglycemia in HCV infections: A Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0109.

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Review question / Objective: To assess the possible cause of events, the incidence of grade 3 hyperglycemia after treating Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir/Voxilaprevir in HCV infections. Condition being studied: Sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir (SOF/VEL/VOX) is an effective, safe rescue therapy regimen for patients have previously been treated failure. Initiating Direct-Acting Antiviral (DAA) treatment for HCV infection with diabetes have experienced hypoglycemia, it could improve insulin resistance due to clean HCV. However, some studies shown that SOF/VEL/VOX has Grade 3 hyperglycemia adverse events. This finding contradicts that other DAAs studies. Information sources: Conducting a comprehensive literature search on the pubmed, Cochrane, clinicalkey, Embase, and MEDLINE electronic databases.
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Metere, A. VPC Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1788321.

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De, J., D. Ooms, M. Carugi, and F. Le. BGP-MPLS IP Virtual Private Network (VPN) Extension for IPv6 VPN. RFC Editor, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4659.

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Dossett, Sharon D. FY08 VPP Program Evaluation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/951869.

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Litkowski, S., K. Patel, Z. Zhang, R. Kebler, and J. Haas. Multicast VPN State Damping. Edited by T. Morin. RFC Editor, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc7899.

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Zhang, Z., and H. Tsunoda. L2L3 VPN Multicast MIB. RFC Editor, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc8502.

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