Academic literature on the topic 'Voting – Romania'
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Journal articles on the topic "Voting – Romania"
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Gherghina, Sergiu, and Mihail Chiru. "Voting after Watching: The Strategic Role of Election Polls." European Review 20, no. 2 (March 30, 2012): 210–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798711000548.
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The November 2009 Romanian presidential elections illustrate the process through which media exposure to exit polls during the election day allows strategic voting in the least expected situations (i.e. in the first round of a two-ballot setting). Organized in a two-round system in which the first two competitors qualify for the second round, these elections display one unsolved dilemma. The difference registered in elections between the two challengers is twice as large as the average support in the pre-election polls (a comparable difference was never registered in post-communist Romania). Our quantitative analysis uses election results from the past two decades and aggregated poll data from 2009 and reveals that a large share of the Romanian electorate avoids wasting votes and casts them for candidates with real winning chances. This article argues that polls presented to the voters, by the media during the elections, made the difference. They were used as electoral strategies to trigger strategic voting and thus promote specific candidates.
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Stroschein, Sherrill. "Demography in ethnic party fragmentation: Hungarian local voting in Romania." Party Politics 17, no. 2 (February 24, 2011): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068810391161.
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When and where might ethnic party outbidding occur? This article examines potential outbidding dynamics via a study of local elections in Romania, where the dominant Hungarian UDMR/RMDSz (Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania) was recently challenged by a rival party, the MPP (Hungarian Citizens’ Party). A comparison of election results is made across cities and counties that differ according to demographic characteristics. Two primary findings emerge. First, Hungarian unity in the form of the RMDSz remained strong except under enclave conditions — where the ethnic minority is the local majority. Outbidding is more likely to be a luxury of enclave regions, where fragmentation will not involve a loss of power to another ethnic group, as could happen to a local minority or with ‘split’ demographics. Second, when majority-minority demographics are clear, cross-ethnic formal or informal coalitions are more likely to emerge. Cross-ethnic coalitions are rare under conditions of ‘split’ demographics, which exhibit a logic of ethnic polarization.
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Mares, Isabela, and Giancarlo Visconti. "Voting for the lesser evil: evidence from a conjoint experiment in Romania." Political Science Research and Methods 8, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2019.12.
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AbstractIn many elections around the world, voters choose between politicians who differ not only in personal background and policy promises, but also in their history of dishonest electoral conduct. While recent literature has begun to investigate the conditions under which voters punish electoral malfeasance, we know relatively little about whether they penalize different forms of illicit activities carried out by politicians differently. In this paper, we present the results of a candidate choice experiment embedded in a survey fielded prior to the 2016 Romanian local election. We asked voters to choose between two hypothetical candidates, randomly varying several attributes, including different illicit electoral activities. We find that citizens tolerate some forms of political malfeasance less than others depending on how much that malfeasance infringes on voters' autonomy. Informational campaigns carried out by prosecutorial agencies also affect how much voters punish different illicit exchanges.
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Gherghina, Sergiu, and Mihail Chiru. "Determinants of legislative voting loyalty under different electoral systems: Evidence from Romania." International Political Science Review 35, no. 5 (September 2, 2013): 523–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512113501242.
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Gheorghiţă, Andrei. "Vote Transfers, Thwarted Voters and Newcomers in the 2009 Presidential Runoff in Romania." Social Change Review 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 135–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/scr-2016-0020.
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Abstract This article investigates the role of thwarted voters and newcomers in setting the result of the December 6th, 2009 presidential runoff in Romania. For this purpose it employs panel survey data from the Romanian Election Studies, collected across three waves: pre-election, between the two rounds, post-election. Initially, it draws a picture of the main evolutions in turnout and vote between the first and the second round, with a special emphasis on vote transfers and risks associated to turnout and pro-winner overreporting. Then it analyzes the thwarted voters and their rationalities of making second-order electoral choices in the presidential runoff. The influence of campaign developments and long-term party/candidate preferences is assessed. Finally, the article investigates the profile of newcomers (people only voting in the runoff) and the mechanisms of political mobilisation in their case. A special attention is given to how newcomers make the electoral choice in the presidential runoff and to the influence of the campaign developments on that choice.
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Zamfira, Andreea. "Cross-Cutting Cleavages, Political Representation and Voting Behaviour of Interacting Linguistic Groups in Romania." Der Donauraum 49, no. 1-2 (December 2009): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/dnrm.2009.49.12.83.
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Dubicki, Andrzej. "The Influence of Austrian Voting Right of 1907 on the First Electoral Law of the Successor States (Poland, Romania [Bukovina], Czechoslovakia)." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v1i1.p56-64.
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As a result of collapse of the Central Powers in 1918 in Central Europe have emerged new national states e.g. Poland, Czechoslowakia, Hungaria, SHS Kingdom some of states that have existed before the Great War have changed their boundaries e.g. Romania, Bulgaria. But what is most important newly created states have a need to create their constituencies, so they needed a electoral law. There is a question in what manner they have used the solutions that have been used before the war in the elections held to the respective Parliaments (mostly to the Austrian or Hungarian parliament) and in case of Poland to the Tzarist Duma or Prussian and German Parliament. In the paper author will try to compare Electoral Laws that were used in Poland Czechoslowakia, and Romania [Bukowina]. The first object will be connected with the question in what matter the Austrian electoral law have inspired the solutions used in respective countries after the Great War. The second object will be connected with showing similarities between electoral law used in so called opening elections held mainly in 1919 in Austria-Hungary successor states. The third and final question will be connected with development of the electoral rules in respective countries and with explaining the reasons for such changes and its influence on the party system in respective country: multiparty in Czechoslovakia, hybrid in Romania.
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Fertő, Imre, László Á. Kóczy, Attila Kovács, and Balázs R. Sziklai. "The power ranking of the members of the Agricultural Committee of the European Parliament." European Review of Agricultural Economics 47, no. 5 (July 30, 2020): 1897–919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbaa011.
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Abstract We aim to identify the most influential members of the Agricultural Committee of the European Parliament (COMAGRI). Unlike previous studies that were based on case studies or interviews with stakeholders, we analyse the voting power of MEPs using a spatial Banzhaf power index. We identify critical members: members whose votes are necessary to form winning coalitions. We found that rapporteurs, EP group coordinators and MEPs from countries with high relative Committee representations, such as Ireland, Poland or Romania are powerful actors. Italy emerges as the most influential member state, while France seems surprisingly weak.
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Kiss, Tamás, and István Gergő Székely. "Shifting linkages in ethnic mobilization: The case of RMDSZ and the Hungarians in Transylvania." Nationalities Papers 44, no. 4 (July 2016): 591–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2016.1149157.
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The Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (RMDSZ) has been the most stable actor in the Romanian party system over the past two decades. However, in this article, we argue that beyond this apparent stability, the linkages between RMDSZ and its voters have undergone a gradual, yet significant shift. The ethnic block voting of Transylvanian Hungarians was closely connected to the concept of a self-standing and parallel “Minority Society,” and to the practices of institution building that the minority elites engaged in in the early 1990s. However, since its first participation in the Romanian government in 1996, RMDSZ has gradually departed from this strategy, a phenomenon that was also closely connected to a process of elite change within the organization. The present RMDSZ leadership puts less and less emphasis on policy programs that could reinforce the institutional system of the minority; consequently, it is unable (and unwilling) to organizationally integrate the community activists of the minority society who previously had played a key role in the process of (electoral) mobilization. At the rhetorical level, RMDSZ did not abandon the goal of building a parallel Hungarian minority society, but in its linkages to the Hungarian electorate, clientelistic exchanges have become predominant.
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Perocco, Fabio. "The potential and limitations of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration: A comment." Torture Journal 29, no. 1 (May 22, 2019): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/torture.v29i1.112217.
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On 19 December 2018 the UN General Assembly approved the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM), with 152 votes in favor, five against (Czech Republic, Hungary, Israel, Poland, United States), 12 abstentions (Algeria, Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Chile, Italy, Latvia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Romania, Singapore, Switzerland), and 24 countries not voting (UN, 2018). The GCM builds on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (UN, 2015) and on the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants 2016 (of which it aims to implement Annex II) (UN, 2016). The article discusses the Global compact for migration, highlighting its potential and limits, supporters and detractors.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Voting – Romania"
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Matei, Silviu. "Romania at voting age : 18 years of electoral change in post-communism." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0057.
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Quel est le bilan électoral après les premières 18 années de démocratie en Roumanie ? Comment ont voté les Roumains aux six premières élections libres ? Le but de cette étude est, tout d’abord, de mesurer le degré de stabilisation du système de partis en utilisant quatre indicateurs consacres : la fragmentation électorale, la volatilité, la polarisation et le niveau d’abstention. Ensuite, à l’aide des modèles de régression écologique, on analyse les déterminants sociaux et contextuels de la participation électorale en Roumanie sur la base des données agrégées au niveau de la commune. Quels sont les variables qui ont le plus d’influence sur l’abstention électorale ? Le modèle stiatistique intègre des variables démographiques (âge, niveau d’étude, fragmentation ethnique, niveau d’urbanisation) et des variables systémiques et contextuelles (niveau d’abstention aux élections précédentes, fractionalisation et polarisation électorale locale, taux du vote pour les partis gagnant ou perdant aux élections précédentes). Des analyses d’inférence écologique viennent à l’appui pour soutenir les résultats. Enfin, on détermine les axes majeurs des divisions sociales et de leurs alignements électoraux. A cette fin, on utilise un modèle d’analyse géométrique des données (ACP) et des méthodes géostatistiques et de géographie électoraleHow does the electoral scene looks in Romania after the first 18 years of democracy? How did the Romanians vote at the first six free elections? The purpose of this study is, first, to measure the degree of stabilisation of the party system using four classic indicators: the electoral fragmentation, volatility, the polarisation and the level of abstention. Then, using ecological regression models, we analyse the social and contextual determinants of turnout in Romania based on aggregated data at the commune level. What are the variables that have the greatest influence on abstention? The statistical model includes demographic variables (age, education, ethnic fragmentation, urbanisation level) and systemic and contextual variables (level of turnout at previous elections, local electoral polarisation and fractionalisation, vote share of the winner and looser parties at the previous elections). Ecological inference analyses are used to support the results. Finally, we determine the major axes of social divisions and their electoral alignments. To this end, we use a model of geometric data analysis (PCA), geostatistical methods and electoral geography
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Bouma, Jelle Wietze Prummel Wietske. "Religio votiva : the archaeology of Latial votive religion : the 5th-3rd c. BC votive deposit South West of the main temple at "Satricum" Borgo Le Ferriere /." Groningen : University of Groningen, Groningen institute of archaeology, Department of Mediterranean archaeology, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366987499.
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Lombard, Yvan. "Les autels votifs sculptés de la Narbonnaise : contribution à l'étude de la sculpture religieuse en Gaule romaine." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA1034.
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Objets de piété, les autels votifs sculptés de Gaule romaine sont des offrandes privées qui témoignent avec force du contrat réciproque entre les divinités et les fidèles. Provenant des territoires des cités de la Narbonnaise, principalement du Nîmois, des Alpilles et de la vallée de la Durance, les cent-vingt-six monuments étudiés sont par leurs inscriptions, leur architecture et leur ornementation héritièrs de la tradition romaine. Les membres du clergé, les militaires, les femmes au nom et au surnom romains sont nombreux à consacrer un autel aux divinités du panthéon classique : Jupiter, Silvanus, Mars Leur originalité réside dans leur couronnement à focus et dans quelques décors d'inspiration locale représentant le dieu au maillet ou les Mères. L'ensemble des données archéologiques, architecturales, épigraphiques et iconographiques a permis de dater la production de la plupart des autels votifs du IIʿ siècle après J. -CDevotional articles, gallo-roman votive altars are private gifts which testify heavily to the mutual contract between the deities and the faithful. Found in the territories of the cities from Narbonnaise, mainly the region of Nîmes, the Alpilles and the Durance valley, these one hundred and twenty-six monuments draw inspiration for their inscriptions, their architecture and their ornamentation from the roman tradition. Clergy members, soldiers or women, all with a roman nomen or cognomen, consecrate an altar to classic pantheon gods : Jupiter, Silvanus, Mars Their originality consist in the crown of the head focus and in some local decoration showing the native mallet God or the native Matres. The whole archeological, architectural, epigraphical and iconographical works put the date of production of most votive altars at II nd century A. D
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Beck, Noémie. "Goddesses in Celtic Religion : cult and mythology : a comparative study of ancient Ireland, Britain and Gaul." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20084.
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This work consists of a comparative study of the female deities venerated by the Celts of Gaul, Ancient Britain and Ancient Ireland from the 8th c. BC to around 400 AD. The Celts had the peculiarity of transmitting their culture, religious beliefs and myths exclusively by oral means, from one generation to another. The available data relating to Celtic goddesses are thus all indirect and of a different nature and period according to the country concerned. They fall into three categories: contemporary Classical texts, which mainly pertain to Gaul and are very rare; the vernacular literature of early medieval Ireland, which was written down by Christian monks from the 7th c. AD; and archaeology from Gaul and Britain, which is very fragmentary and consists of places of devotion, dating from pre-Roman, Gallo-Roman and Romano-British times, votive epigraphy and iconography, dating from after the Roman conquest. Which goddesses did the Celts believe in? Did the Celts from Ireland, Britain and Gaul venerate similar goddesses? What were their nature and functions? How were they worshipped and by whom? Were they hierarchically organized within a pantheon? This thesis thus attempts, by gathering, comparing and analysing the various linguistic, literary, epigraphic and iconographical data from Gaul, Ancient Britain and Ireland, to establish connections and similarities, and thereby reconstruct a common pattern of Celtic beliefs as they relate to female deities. This research consists of five chapters: the mother-goddesses (Matres and Matronae); the goddesses purveying fertility and embodying the land and the natural elements (animals, trees, forests and mountains); the territorial- and war-goddesses; the river-goddesses (rivers, fountains and hot springs); and the goddesses personifying ritual intoxicationCe travail consiste en une étude comparée des divinités féminines vénérées par les Celtes de l’Irlande ancienne, de la Grande-Bretagne et de la Gaule du 8ème siècle avant J.-C. à environ 400 après J.-C. Les Celtes avaient la particularité de transmettre leur culture, croyances et mythes par voie orale, de génération en génération. Les sources qui nous permettent d’étudier les divinités et croyances des Celtes sont donc toutes indirectes et de nature, d’origine et de période différentes. Elles se regroupent autour de trois catégories : les textes classiques contemporains, qui ne concernent que la Gaule et sont très peu nombreux ; la littérature vernaculaire de l’Irlande haut-médiévale, qui fut mise par écrit à partir du 7ème siècle après J.-C. par des moines chrétiens ; et l’archéologie gauloise et britannique, qui est très fragmentaire et étudie les lieux de cultes préromains, gallo-romains et romano-britanniques, l’épigraphie votive et l’iconographie, datant d’après l’invasion romaine. Quelles déesses les Celtes honoraient-ils ? Les Celtes d’Irlande, de Grande-Bretagne et de Gaule vénéraient-ils des déesses similaires ? Quelles étaient la nature et les fonctions de ces divinités ? Comment étaient-elles vénérées et par qui ? S’organisaient-elles hiérarchiquement dans un panthéon ? L’analyse et la comparaison des données linguistiques, littéraires, épigraphiques et iconographiques de l’Irlande, de la Grande-Bretagne et de la Gaule permettent d’établir des connexions et des similitudes, et de reconstruire ainsi une somme de croyances religieuses communes. Ce travail s’articule autour de cinq chapitres : les Déesses-Mères (Matres et Matronae) ; les déesses pourvoyeuses de richesses, personnifiant la terre et les éléments naturels (animaux, arbres, forêts, montagnes) ; les déesses du territoire et de la guerre ; les déesses des eaux (rivières, fontaines et sources d’eau chaude) ; et les déesses incarnant l’ivresse rituelle
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Perrin, Stéphanie. "Les trésors de vaisselle précieuse dans les Îles Britanniques à la période romaine : pratiques de déposition de la vaisselle d’argent et d’étain dans l’Antiquite Tardive." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040234.
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Les trésors de vaisselle précieuse de l’Antiquité tardive dans les îles britanniques présentent un corpus d’étude digne d’intérêt à la fois grâce à leur nombre important, à la variété des objets réunis et aux métaux employés. En effet, de nombreux ensembles de vaisselle précieuse ont été ensevelis entre le 3ème et le 5ème siècle en Bretagne romaine, tandis que d’autres dépôts issus de butins de pillage ont été trouvés en dehors des frontières de l’Empire (Écosse et Irlande actuelles). En outre, alors que les grands services d’argenterie y tiennent une part assez exceptionnelle, cette province se démarque du reste de l’Empire par une grande richesse en dépôts constitués de petits objets variés en métaux précieux (or et argent). Enfin, cette région voit se développer de façon quasiment exclusive, dès le 3ème siècle, l’industrie de l’"étain" (un alliage d’étain et de plomb dans des proportions variables), qui se prête bien à l’imitation des plats d’argenterie, donnant ainsi la possibilité à des familles moins aisées de posséder des services entiers de vaisselle de table.À partir de la constitution d’un catalogue de 229 dépôts et objets isolés, cette étude s’ouvre par une analyse typologique de la vaisselle d’argent et d’étain, comprenant l’observation des formes, des éléments décoratifs et de l’iconographie. S’ensuit l’analyse comparative du contenu de ces ensembles et de leur contexte d’enfouissement, menant à l’élaboration de tableaux typologiques et de cartes de répartition géographique. Des différenciations sont ainsi mises en évidence et permettent de tenter une interprétation de ces dépôts, témoins matériels d’une époque bouleverséeSeveral hoards of precious vessels come from Roman Britain, some of them were found outside imperial boundaries (Scotland and Ireland) and represent loots of pirates. They were deposited during all Roman period, especially during the 3rd to the 5th centuries. Though large silver treasures are very rare there, this region is very rich in hoards of small precious objects of gold and silver (spoons, strainers, toothpicks, jewellery, coins, ingots…). In the meantime pewter industry flourishes from the 3rd century and vessels of this matter are produced in great quantity and diffused through the entire island, imitating silver vessels of the same period. It is often called the "poor man's silver".Through a descriptive catalogue of 229 Roman pewter and silver vessels hoards and single finds from the British Isles, this study starts with a typological and stylistic analysis of precious vessels and their imitations (forms, decoration, and techniques). It continues with a classification of all treasures and hoards that contain silver or pewter vessels, through a comparison of what they contained and where they were buried. Some of them could be of votive origin, inherited from Bronze Age
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PENESCU, Ioana. "The impact of party programs on voting behavior in Bulgaria, Slovakia and Romania : or does nationalism matter?" Doctoral thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5349.
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Defence date: 17 January 2003Examining board: Prof. Stefano Bartolini (EUI - co-supervisor) ; Prof. Richard Breen (EUI/Nuffield College, Oxford - supervisor) ; Prof. Geoffrey Evans (Nuffield College Oxford) ; Prof. Michael Keating (EUI)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Faia, Emanuel Soares. "Entre Deuses e Homens - Os Grandes Contentores Cerâmicos do Depósito Votivo de Garvão." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/35826.
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Ferreira, Daniela Filipa de Freitas. "Memória coletiva e formas representativas do (espaço) religioso. O contributo da epigrafia votiva para o entendimento das manifestações religiosas no contexto de ocupação romana da Beira Interior." Master's thesis, 2012. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/72212.
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Ferreira, Daniela Filipa de Freitas. "Memória coletiva e formas representativas do (espaço) religioso. O contributo da epigrafia votiva para o entendimento das manifestações religiosas no contexto de ocupação romana da Beira Interior." Dissertação, 2012. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/72212.
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Braga, Cristina. "Rituais funerários em Bracara Augusta : o novo núcleo de necrópole da Via XVII." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/13913.
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Dissertação de mestrado em ArqueologiaA realização desta tese teve em vista o estudo dos rituais funerários presentes num novo núcleo de necrópole romana da Via XVII, em Braga. O referido núcleo foi identificado no decorrer de três intervenções arqueológicas levadas a cabo pela Unidade de Arqueologia da Universidade do Minho, entre 2007 e 2009, no quarteirão dos antigos CTT (CTT), na zona de impacto do novo Túnel da Av. da Liberdade (TAVL) e na zona da interligação do referido quarteirão com o túnel da Av. da Liberdade (ITAVL). Os trabalhos desenvolvidos assumiram o carácter de acções preventivas, tendo em vista a minimização do impacto dos empreendimentos projectados para os supracitados espaços, uma vez que os mesmos correspondiam a áreas com condicionantes arqueológicas, resultantes da ocorrência de achados associados a uma necrópole romana, já referenciada na bibliografia. Os dados fornecidos pelas escavações realizadas traduziram-se na identificação de um espaço sepulcral, utilizado ininterruptamente ao longo de seis séculos, onde se implantaram sepulturas e estruturas funerárias com diversas características que se dispunham ao longo de um troço da Via XVII, igualmente descoberto no âmbito das escavações. O notável estado de conservação deste sector da necrópole permitiu definir uma sequência das tumulações, entre a transição da Era e os séculos V/VI, associada aos rituais de cremação e de inumação. Assim, os principais objectivos deste trabalho tiveram em vista: elaborar um quadro tipológico das diferentes formas de enterramento, das áreas de cremação e das construções funerárias (mausoléus e recintos); analisar a distribuição dos diferentes tipos de sepulturas e monumentos por período cronológico; verificar a existência de diferentes soluções de ocupação e organização interna da necrópole e analisar os vestígios recuperados potencialmente indicadores das práticas rituais, de modo a confrontá-las com os relatos históricos, bem como com outros indicadores presentes em diferentes necrópoles romanas escavadas mais recentemente.
The accomplish of this thesis intended in the study of funeral rituals in a new section of Roman necropolis of the Via XVII, Braga. This nucleus was identified by the side of the three archaeological interventions undertaken by the Department of Archaeology of Minho University, between 2007 and 2009 in the old quarter of the Post Office (CTT), the impact zone of the new tunnel of Avenida da Lberdade (TAVL) and in the area of interconnection of that block with the tunnel Avenida da Liberdade (ITAVL). The work developed was considered a preventive action, which has concern with the minimize impact of the developments proposed for the above areas, given that they corresponded to areas with archaeological constraints resulting from the event of findings related with a Roman necropolis, previously referenced in the bibliography. The data provided by the excavations resulted in the identification of a burial space, used endlessly over six centuries, where tombs and funerary structures implanted with several features which were placed along a section of the Via XVII, also revealed in the excavations. The extraordinary state of preservation of this division of the necropolis allow the definition of one sequence burials between the transition of the Era and V/VI centuries, which are related with some rituals, such as cremation and inhumation. This way, the main propose of this work was concerned with the development of a typological framework of different forms of burial, cremation and areas of funerary constructions (tombs and enclosures); analyse the distribution of different kinds of tombs and monuments by chronological period and confirm the existence of different solutions of occupation and the internal organization of the necropolis and analyze the remains recovered potential indicators of ritual practices in order to confront them with historical accounts, as well as other indicators present in different Roman necropolis dug more recently.
Books on the topic "Voting – Romania"
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Colbert, Brandy. Voting Booth. Thorndike Press, 2020.
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Colbert, Brandy. The Voting Booth. Disney-Hyperion, 2021.
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The Voting Booth. Disney-Hyperion, 2020.
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Colbert, Brandy, Robin Eller, and Cary Hite. The Voting Booth. Dreamscape Media, 2020.
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Mares, Isabela, and Lauren E. Young. Conditionality & Coercion. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832775.001.0001.
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In many recent democracies, candidates compete for office using illegal strategies to influence voters. In Hungary and Romania, local actors including mayors and bureaucrats offer access to social policy benefits to voters who offer to support their preferred candidates, and they threaten others with the loss of a range of policy and private benefits for voting the “wrong” way. These quid pro quo exchanges are often called clientelism. How can politicians and their accomplices get away with such illegal campaigning in otherwise democratic, competitive elections? When do they rely on the worst forms of clientelism that involve threatening voters and manipulating public benefits? This book uses a mixed method approach to understand how illegal forms of campaigning including vote buying and electoral coercion persist in two democratic countries in the European Union. It argues that clientelistic strategies must be disaggregated based on whether they use public or private resources, and whether they involve positive promises or negative threats and coercion. The authors document that the type of clientelistic strategies that candidates and brokers use varies systematically across localities based on their underlying social coalitions, and also show that voters assess and sanction different forms of clientelism in different ways. Voters glean information about politicians’ personal characteristics and their policy preferences from the clientelistic strategies these candidates deploy. Most voters judge candidates who use clientelism harshly. So how does clientelism, including its most odious coercive forms, persist in democratic systems? This book suggests that politicians can get away with clientelism by using forms of it that are in line with the policy preferences of constituencies whose votes they need. Clientelistic and programmatic strategies are not as distinct as previous studies have argued.
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Hughes, Jessica. Tiny and Fragmented Votive Offerings from Classical Antiquity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190614812.003.0003.
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This chapter addresses tiny and fragmented votive offerings from the ancient Greco-Roman world. The first half of the chapter surveys different kinds of votive fragmentation, ranging from objects that were physically ruptured before dedication, to conceptually ‘partial’ offerings like tithes and first fruits. I argue that the deliberate or accidental breakage of votives often paradoxically increased the value and meaning of the offering in the eyes of the community and recipient deity. I also introduce the possibility that all votives might be seen as fragments, insofar as they constitute part of a worshiper’s property or converted wealth (an idea inherent in the ancient concepts of dekatē and aparchē). The second half of the chapter then focuses on one particular type of fragmented votive—the model body part. Tiny body parts made in clay and metal began to be dedicated in the Middle Minoan and then the Archaic Greek periods, and continued to appear alongside the life-sized (or near life-sized) anatomical votives that were a feature of later Hellenistic and Roman ritual. I explore some of the possible resonances of these votives’ tiny sizes, emphasizing how far these miniature objects facilitate (or even demand) intimate touch and handling. Finally, I explore the possibility that the miniature votives in Hellenistic and Roman times may have harkened back to the diminutive offerings of earlier periods, thus functioning as symbols of cultural memory, and tiny generators of nostalgia.
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Ferreira, Daniela Filipa de Freitas. Os Deuses foram honrados : o contributo da epigrafia votiva para o entendimento das manifestações religiosas no contexto da ocupação romana da Beira Interior Portuguesa. Universidade do Porto. Faculdade de Letras, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/978-989-9082-09-0/deu.
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The understanding of religious manifestations is assumed as one of the most relevant studies in the dynamics inherent to the process of acculturation occurred between indigenous and Romans in the Portuguese territory. The primary source for this view lies with the votive epigraphy, understood as a provider of divine names, rituals of worship, models of worshiping and forms of thought organization. The Portuguese Beira Interior, possessor a large number of epigraphic testimonies and repository of a remarkable diversity of theonyms and unique words in the region, appears as a singular area for the study of indigenous religious expressions and, consequently, for the study of pre-Roman communities. Taking into account this singularity and based on the joint analysis of the sum of votive monuments dedicated to indigenous deities; we have formulated a proposal of organization of the pre-Roman religious pantheon based on the degree of exclusivity from the theonyms recorded in the region under study. The ultimate goal focused the understanding of regionalism and religious thought established between the different deities, and the organization, in consequence, of the apparent disorder subsequent to such a marked diversity of theonyms. The result of this interpretation has expressed in the individualization of theonyms only mentioning in Beira Interior, in the particularization of regional theonyms which confirm to the possibility of a votive pantheon extended to adjacent regions, and in the distinction of these specifications in relation to a wider geographical scope of theonyms, i.e., in relation to the designations of the divine, widely represented in the rest of Hispanic territory. The proposed organization allowed us to perceive specific geographical areas of each of these groups, thus contributing to the definition of the fields of action of each evoked deities and the consequent definition of their attributes
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Kaiser, Roman, and Fabian Michl, eds. Landeswahlrecht. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748905790.
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In German politics, elections occur constantly. When voters are not being called upon to elect a new Bundestag, the next election at federal state level is just around the corner. Despite some commonalities, each federal state parliament is elected within a different legal framework. In both the public’s perception and electoral studies, however, those differences are not always duly taken into account. Therefore, this volume describes the electoral laws of the states in 16 specific chapters following a short introduction on their theoretical and historical foundations as well as on the requirements of the federal constitution. It provides a reliable basis for comparing the German electoral systems with one another. The electoral laws of the states do not appear as mere imitations of the federal system, but as autonomous legislative entities with their own structural decisions and emphases. The volume deals, in particular, with controversial reform projects, such as the reduction of the voting age and so-called affirmative action Legislation. With contributions by Prof. Dr. Tristan Barczak, LL.M.; Dr. Henner Gött, LL.M.; Lukas Christoph Gundling, M.A.; Dorothea Heilmann; Dr. Patrick Hilbert; Laura Jung, MJur, Maître en droit; Benjamin Jungkind; Dr. Roman Kaiser; Dr. Manuel Kollmann, Dr. Stefan Lenz, Dr. Stefan Martini; Michael Meier; Dr. Fabian Michl, LL.M.; Nadja Reimold; Christina Schulz, LL.M.; Dr. Thomas Spitzlei; Victor Struzina
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Di Cerbo, Cristiana, and Richard Jasnow. On the Path to the Place of Rest. Lockwood Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5913/2022419.
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In this volume Christina Di Cerbo and Richard Jasnow publish 92 Demotic graffiti, along with several ostraca and mummy bandages, from Theban Tombs 11, 12, Tomb-399-, and environs recorded and studied under the aegis of the Spanish Mission at Dra Abu el-Naga directed by José Galán. These texts from the mid-second century BCE were inscribed on the tomb walls by workers of the Ibis and Falcon cult, who used the New Kingdom tombs as burial places for mummified birds dedicated to the gods Thoth and Horus. This varied corpus of texts includes not only votive formulae and lists of names, but, most unusually, labels for chambers and halls to guide the men depositing the mummies through the labyrinthine catacombs. The cult workers also recorded important burials and memorialized events of special significance, as when a massive conflagration broke out that consumed several mummies and damaged the tomb walls. The Missions conservators recovered many hitherto virtually invisible graffiti. Numerous inscriptions posed daunting epigraphic challenges; the text editors employed computer applications, especially DStretch, in order to enhance the digital images forming the basis for decipherment. In an introductory chapter Galán discusses the work of the Spanish Mission at Dra Abu Naga and recounts the complicated history of this important area of the Theban Necropolis down to the Roman period. The graffiti illustrate how New Kingdom tombs were reused for the sacred animal cult in the Ptolemaic period. Francisco Bosch-Puche and Salima Ikram contribute a detailed chapter analyzing the archaeological context of the graffiti and the material evidence for the animal cult in the site. The volume, a holistic study of this area at the twilight of Pharaonic history, represents a true collaboration between archaeologists and philologists.
Book chapters on the topic "Voting – Romania"
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Stănuş, Cristina, and Andrei Gheorghiţă. "Romania." In The Routledge Handbook of Local Elections and Voting in Europe, 453–64. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003009672-46.
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Szulecki, Kacper, Marta Bivand Erdal, and Ben Stanley. "External Voting Patterns: CEE Migrants in Western Europe." In External Voting, 37–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19246-3_3.
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AbstractThis chapter compares external voting of CEE diasporas in Western Europe with voting patterns observed in those diasporas’ respective countries of origin. It focuses on electoral turnout, overall variation in support for parties, and variation in support for parties with respect to key ideological dimensions and issues. Using quantitative data on all parliamentary and presidential elections held in Bulgaria, Czechia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, and Poland, it analyzes the aggregate patterns of divergence and convergence between diaspora and origin-country electorates from the last pre-EU-accession election onward. The analysis shows that diaspora voters are less likely to turn out in elections, but that those who do vote make choices which are legible with respect to origin-country political dynamics and relatively consistent over time, with no evidence of divergence or convergence. The chapter concludes by identifying three important issues to be investigated at the individual level: the impact of election laws and infrastructure on propensity to participate in elections, the relative importance of migration experiences and socio-demographic factors in determining diaspora vote choices, and the impact of host-country society and politics on the behavior of diaspora voters.
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Szulecki, Kacper, Marta Bivand Erdal, and Ben Stanley. "Migrant Perspectives on External Voting." In External Voting, 63–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19246-3_4.
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AbstractThis chapter explores migrants’ perspectives on voting in country-of-origin elections and on participation in democratic politics in countries of origin in Central and East Europe. We build on 80 semi-structured interviews with migrants from Poland and Romania, living in Barcelona, Spain, and Oslo, Norway. The chapter offers an analysis of their thoughts on and experiences of practicing external voting, as well as choosing not to cast a ballot in any given election. The first part explores the reasons why migrants do—or do not—vote “back home,” offering illustrations from our data, focusing on motivations for external voting, practicalities that impede or facilitate external voting, and discussing intersecting scales of motivation. These discussions are set within the context of migrants’ broader motivations to engage in politics transnationally, and intimately connected with their reflections on the principled question of the democratic legitimacy of external voting. The second part of the chapter extends the view from external voting to migrants’ own perspectives on transnational political engagement, including but not limited to external voting, as set within often transnational lifeworlds affected by both “here” and “there” in varying ways.
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"Ethnic Voting in Romania." In Ethnicity and Electoral Politics, 60–82. Cambridge University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511607530.004.
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"Theatricality and Voting in Eumenides: “ΨΗΦΟΝ Δ’ ΟΡΕΣΤΗΙ ΤΗΝΔ’ ΕΓΩ ΠΡΟΣΘΗΣΟΜΑΙ”." In Performance in Greek and Roman Theatre, 149–59. BRILL, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004245457_009.
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Fishwick, Duncan. "Votive Offerings to the Emperor?" In Cult, Ritual, Divinity and Belief in the Roman World, 121–30. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351219662-1.
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Richard, Carl J. "The Classics and American Political Rhetoric in a Democratic and Romantic Age." In The Call of Classical Literature in the Romantic Age, 289–312. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474429641.003.0012.
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This essay demonstrates that during the same period when new grammar schools, academies, and colleges were introducing the Greek and Roman classics to the western frontier of the United States, to a rising middle class, to girls and women, and to African Americans, states were expanding the voting population to include all free adult white males. While the spread of manhood suffrage led to a more democratic style of politics, the expansion of classical education ensured that American speeches continued to bristle with classical allusions. Political leaders took advantage of every opportunity to showcase their classical learning, even to broader audiences they hoped might respect, if not fully comprehend, their allusions. Classically trained, American politicians lived a double rhetorical life, attempting to assure common voters of their ability to empathize with their concerns while demonstrating their wisdom and virtue to constituents of all classes through their knowledge of the classics.
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Svana, Irini. "Votive Terracotta Figurines from a Rural Sanctuary in Thesprotia, Epirus." In Figurines de terre cuite en Méditerranée grecque et romaine, 457–64. Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.septentrion.59358.
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"Hellenistic Terracottas and Limestone Sculptures in Cypriot Sanctuaries: On the Search for Types and Votive Habits." In Hellenistic and Roman Terracottas, 44–59. BRILL, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004384835_004.
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Spathi, Maria G. "Votive Terracottas in Sanctuaries of Ancient Messene. Recent Finds and Cult Practices." In Figurines de terre cuite en Méditerranée grecque et romaine, 437–48. Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.septentrion.59304.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Voting – Romania"
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Park, Jonghyun, Nguyen Trung Kien, and Gueesang Lee. "Optic Disc Detection in Retinal Images using Tensor Voting and Adaptive Mean-Shift." In Cluj-Napoca, Romania. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccp.2007.4352167.
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Ivanescu, Mihaela. "ELECTORAL PARTICIPATION AND VOTING BEHAVIOUR IN THE EUROPEAN ELECTIONS. THE BULGARIAN AND ROMANIAN CASES." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on POLITICAL SCIENCES, LAW, FINANCE, ECONOMICS AND TOURISM. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b21/s4.017.
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Stork, Johannes A., Luciano Spinello, Jens Silva, and Kai O. Arras. "Audio-based human activity recognition using Non-Markovian Ensemble Voting." In 2012 RO-MAN: The 21st IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/roman.2012.6343802.
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Palinko, Oskar, Jiro Shimaya, Nobuhiro Jinnai, Kohei Ogawa, Yuichiro Yoshikawa, and Hiroshi Ishiguro. "Improving Teacher-Student Communication During Lectures Using a Robot and an Online Messaging/Voting System." In 2018 27th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/roman.2018.8525691.
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Russo Trindade, Milene. "Ex-votos fotográficos: la imagen usada como objeto de culto en la región de Alentejo." In I Congreso Internacional sobre Fotografia: Nuevas propuestas en Investigacion y Docencia de la Fotografia. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cifo17.2017.6772.
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El siglo XIX ha sido escenario de la introducción de la fotografía en las sociedades y delos constantes cambios que esta ha tenido a nivel tecnológico. De manera gradual, la fotografía se incorporó al cotidiano de todos, pasando la idea de tener y ofrecer fotografías a formar parte del imaginario común. Del mismo modo que las imágenes eran usadas como recuerdo dentro de un álbum de familia, se empezaron a usar también como ofrenda en el campo religioso. En la comunicación propuesta, se expone la investigación doctoral sobre los ex-votos fotográficos en la región de Alentejo, en Portugal. Los ex-votos son ofertas que simbolizan el agradecimiento por una dádiva concedida, siendo común que previamente se haya rezado a un santo o santa pidiendo un voto. No se sabe con exactitud cuando empezó este ritual, pero sabemos que civilizaciones como la romana ya lo practicaban. La oferta votiva es sobretodo conocida a través de formatos como la escultura o la pintura, sin embargo, la fotografía pasó a ser un medio usado a gran escala con el viraje del siglo substituyendo progresivamente a la pintura. Los ex-votos fotográficos se presentan como retratos individuales o de grupo y normalmente se encuentran en las salas anexas de las iglesias. A ellos, suele estar asociado un pequeño texto que describe la persona y el acontecimiento que lleva a la oferta, así como la fecha y el lugar de los hechos. Siendo así, hoy podremos referirnos a estos conjuntos de fotografías, por su dimensión y organización, como colecciones. Su riqueza formal y técnica nos propone una lectura de la historia de los procesos fotográficos, así como también, del modo en elcual ha evolucionado la presentación de fotografías. Por otro lado, observar estas colecciones nos ofrece la oportunidad de conocer a los estudios de fotografía y, sobretodo, de constatar cambios sociales como si estuviésemos ante un archivo.Además, cabe destacar que el uso de fotografías en la práctica votiva constituye una realidad sin límites fronterizos, que nos lleva a colocar en diálogo dos casos particularmente interesantes por su proximidad cultural: el sur de Portugal con el sur de España. Esta relación se muestra de una manera más evidente en las zonas de frontera, como por ejemplo, en el caso del Santuário do Senhor Jesus da Piedade en la localidad portuguesa de Elvas, que alberga ofrendas llevadas hasta allí desde el territorio español.Teniendo en cuenta que la fotografía digital ha cambiado el uso y la relación que teníamos con la imagen, estas colecciones, las cuales representan un recorrido por la historia de la fotografía, por sus cambios formales y técnicos a lo largo de mas de un siglo de existencia, se revelan de una importancia patrimonial e histórica que deberá ser valorizada. La fotografía, en todos sus procesos técnicos, es extremamente delicada y como tal exige que se planteen cuidados para su conservación. En este estudio se pretendeasí, dar visibilidad a los ex-votos fotográficos, como patrimonio a valorizar y, consecuentemente, a conservar.