Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Voting data'
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陳志昌 and Chee-cheong Chan. "Compositional data analysis of voting patterns." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977236.
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Chan, Chee-cheong. "Compositional data analysis of voting patterns." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13787160.
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Dimitriadou, Evgenia, Andreas Weingessel, and Kurt Hornik. "Fuzzy voting in clustering." SFB Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1999. http://epub.wu.ac.at/742/1/document.pdf.
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In this paper we present a fuzzy voting scheme for cluster algorithms. This fuzzy voting method allows us to combine several runs of cluster algorithms resulting in a common fuzzy partition. This helps us to overcome instabilities of the cluster algorithms and results in a better clustering.Series: Report Series SFB "Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science"
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Riemann, Robert. "Towards Trustworthy Online Voting : Distributed Aggregation of Confidential Data." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN099/document.
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L’agrégation des valeurs qui doivent être gardées confidentielles tout en garantissant la robustesse du processus et l’exactitude du résultat est nécessaire pour un nombre croissant d’applications. Divers types d’enquêtes, telles que les examens médicaux, les référendums, les élections, ainsi que les nouveaux services de Internet of Things, tels que la domotique, nécessitent l’agrégation de données confidentielles. En général,la confidentialité est assurée sur la base de tiers de confiance ou des promesses de cryptographie, dont les capacités ne peuvent être évaluées sans expertise.L’ambition de cette thèse est de réduire le besoin de confiance dans les autorités, de même que la technologie, et d’explorer les méthodes d’agrégations de données à grande échelle, qui garantissent un degré élevé de confidentialité et ne dépendent ni de tiers de confiance ni de cryptographie. Inspiré par BitTorrent et Bitcoin, les protocoles P2P sont considérés. La première contribution de cette thèse est l’extension du protocole d’agrégation distribuée BitBallot dans le but de couvrir les agrégations dans les réseaux P2P comprenant des pairs adversaires avec un comportement défaillant ou byzantin. Les changements introduits permettent éventuellement de maintenir un résultat précis en présence d’une minorité adversaire. Les limites de scalabilité rencontrées conduisent à la deuxième contribution dans le but de soutenir les agrégations à grande échelle. Inspiré par BitBallot et BitTorrent, un nouveau protocole distribué appelé ADVOKAT est proposé.Dans les deux protocoles, les pairs sont affectés aux noeuds feuilles d’un réseau de superposition d’une structure arborescente qui détermine le calcul des agrégats intermédiaires et restreint l’échange de données. La partition des données et du calcul entre un réseau de pairs équipotent limite le risque de violation de données et réduit le besoin de confiance dans les autorités. Les protocoles fournissent une couche middleware dont la flexibilité est démontrée par les applications de vote et de loterieAggregation of values that need to be kept confidential while guaranteeing the robustness of the process and the correctness of the result is necessary for an increasing number of applications. Various kinds of surveys, such as medical ones, opinion polls, referendums, elections, as well as new services of the Internet of Things, such as home automation, require the aggregation of confidential data. In general, the confidentiality is ensured on the basis of trusted third parties or promises of cryptography, whose capacities cannot be assessed without expert knowledge.The ambition of this thesis is to reduce the need for trust in both authorities and technology and explore methods for large-scale data aggregations, that ensure a high degree of confidentiality and rely neither on trusted third parties nor solely on cryptography. Inspired by BitTorrent and Bitcoin, P2P protocols are considered.The first contribution of this thesis is the extension of the distributed aggregation protocol BitBallot with the objective to cover aggregations in P2P networks comprising adversarial peers with fail-stop or Byzantine behaviour. The introduced changes allow eventually to maintain an accurate result in presence of an adversarial minority.The encountered scalability limitations lead to the second contribution with the objective to support large-scale aggregations. Inspired by both BitBallot and BitTorrent, a novel distributed protocol called ADVOKAT is proposed.In both protocols, peers are assigned to leaf nodes of a tree overlay network which determines the computation of intermediate aggregates and restricts the exchange of data. The partition of data and computation among a network of equipotent peers limits the potential for data breaches and reduces the need for trust in authorities. The protocols provide a middleware layer whose flexibility is demonstrated by voting and lottery applications
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Uminsky, David. "Generalized Spectral Analysis for Large Sets of Approval Voting Data." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2003. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/157.
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Generalized Spectral analysis of approval voting data uses representation theory and the symmetry of the data to project the approval voting data into orthogonal and interpretable subspaces. Unfortunately, as the number of voters grows, the data space becomes prohibitively large to compute the decomposition of the data vector. To attack these large data sets we develop a method to partition the data set into equivalence classes, in order to drastically reduce the size of the space while retaining the necessary characteristics of the data set. We also make progress on the needed statistical tools to explain the results of the spectral analysis. The standard spectral analysis will be demonstrated, and our partitioning technique is applied to U.S. Senate roll call data.
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Nielsen, Niels Bech. "Using electronic voting systems data outside lectures to support learning." Connect to e-thesis. Move to record for print version, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/46/.
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Thesis (MSc. (R)) - University of Glasgow, 2007.MSc. (R) thesis submitted to the Department of Computing Science, Faculty of Information and Mathematical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2007. Includes bibliographical references.
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John, Shirley Diane. "The analysis of House of Commons' division list data." Thesis, University of Bath, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235796.
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Deng, Lin. "Mining user preference using SPY voting for search engine personalization /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?COMP%202006%20DENG.
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Thomas, Michael Kyle. "Implementation of the Security-Dependability Adaptive Voting Scheme." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32542.
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As the world moves further into the 21st century, the electricity demand worldwide continues to rapidly grow. The power systems that supply this growing demand continue to be pushed closer to their limits. When those limits are exceeded, system blackouts occur that have massive societal and economical impact. Power system protection relays make up a piece of these limits and can be important factors in preventing or causing a system blackout. The purpose of this thesis is to present a working implementation of an adaptive protection scheme known as the adaptive voting scheme, used to alter the security/dependability balance of protection schemes. It is argued that as power system conditions change, the ability of protection relays to adjust the security/dependability balance based on those conditions can allow relays to play a part in preventing power system catastrophes.
It is shown that the adaptive voting scheme can be implemented on existing protection technology given Wide Area Measurements (WAMs) provided by Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). The proposed implementation characteristics allow numerous existing protection practices to be used without changing the basic operation of the practices.Master of Science
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Barrows, Sam George. "Political Responses to Educational Performance Data." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13065019.
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Researchers have found considerable evidence that information about school performance affects people's choices about which schools to send their children to and even where to live. In contrast, little attention has been paid to the effects of school performance information on people's political behavior. Yet Hirschman (1970) famously highlighted the importance of taking seriously not only economic forces, but also the role of "political mechanisms", that is, "non-market forces" or "voice", in analyzing people's responses to school performance and the implications of these responses for school outcomes. This dissertation explores the effect of information about student and school performance on people's political attitudes and behavior. I first present findings from an original dataset of school board elections in Florida that indicate that voters fail to punish school board incumbents in response to information signaling poor school performance. There is even evidence that voters sometimes reward incumbents for failure. I next analyze a dataset that links student test scores in England to a subsequent survey, and find that that informational signals about individual student performance can have long−lasting effects on parental behavior. Finally, I analyze the results of a survey experiment administered to a nationally representative sample of Americans, and find that information about the relative performance of local schools depresses average perceptions of local school quality and increases support for school reforms.Government
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Zhang, Chian-fan. "Applying spatial theory to new democracies : a model for analyzing aggregate election data /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Yu, Hong. "Creating Public Trust in Electronic Voting Systems." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-224219.
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There are many positive aspects of electronic voting systems: security, verifiability, convenience, resource conservation, and the like. However, there is still lack of trust for electronic voting systems within the public. One of the reasons could be that the notions involved in electronic voting are challenging to understand for the general public. In this project, we tried to create public trust through an explanation system. An explanation system was made to explain how a modern electronic voting system works. User testing was performed after that, to verify whether this explanation system is able to increase people’s trust in electronic voting system. After analysing the data collected through the user testing, we got promising results to believe that this explanation can be used to create public trust in electronic voting systems.Det finns många positiva aspekter av elektroniska röstningssystem: säkerhet, verifierbarhet, bekvämlighet, resursbesparingar, och liknande. Emellertid så saknas det fortfarande hos allmänheten tillit till elektroniska röstningssystem. Ett av skälen till detta skulle kunna vara att idéerna i samband med elektronisk röstning är utmanande att förstå för allmänheten. I detta projekt har vi försökt att skapa allmän tillit med hjälp av ett förklaringssystem. Ett förklaringssystem tillverkades för att förklara hur ett modernt elektroniskt röstningssystem fungerar. Användartester utfördes därefter, för att verifiera huruvida detta förklaringssystem förmådde öka människors tillit till elektroniska röstningssystem. Efter analys av data insamlade genom användartesterna, fick vi lovande resultat som gav oss anledning att tro att detta slags förklaring kan användas för att skapa allmän tillit till elektroniska röstningssystem.
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Shoemaker, Larry. "Ensemble Learning With Imbalanced Data." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3589.
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We describe an ensemble approach to learning salient spatial regions from arbitrarily
partitioned simulation data. Ensemble approaches for anomaly detection
are also explored. The partitioning comes from the distributed processing requirements
of large-scale simulations. The volume of the data is such that classifiers
can train only on data local to a given partition. Since the data partition reflects
the needs of the simulation, the class statistics can vary from partition to partition.
Some classes will likely be missing from some or even most partitions. We combine
a fast ensemble learning algorithm with scaled probabilistic majority voting in
order to learn an accurate classifier from such data. Since some simulations are
difficult to model without a considerable number of false positive errors, and since
we are essentially building a search engine for simulation data, we order predicted
regions to increase the likelihood that most of the top-ranked predictions are correct
(salient). Results from simulation runs of a canister being torn and from a casing
being dropped show that regions of interest are successfully identified in spite of
the class imbalance in the individual training sets. Lift curve analysis shows that the
use of data driven ordering methods provides a statistically significant improvement
over the use of the default, natural time step ordering. Significant time is saved for
the end user by allowing an improved focus on areas of interest without the need to
conventionally search all of the data. We have also found that using random forests
weighted and distance-based outlier ensemble methods for supervised learning of
anomaly detection provide significant accuracy improvements when compared to
existing methods on the same dataset. Further, distance-based outlier and local
outlier factor ensemble methods for unsupervised learning of anomaly detection
also compare favorably to existing methods.
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Sprague, Christopher. "AUTONOMOUS REPAIR OF OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION DATA THROUGH SIMPLE VOTING AND MULTI-DIMENSIONAL INDEXING TECHNIQUES." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2642.
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The three major optical character recognition (OCR) engines (ExperVision, Scansoft OCR, and Abby OCR) in use today are all capable of recognizing text at near perfect percentages. The remaining errors however have proven very difficult to identify within a single engine. Recent research has shown that a comparison between the errors of the three engines proved to have very little correlation, and thus, when used in conjunction, may be useful to increase accuracy of the final result. This document discusses the implementation and results of a simple voting system designed to prove the hypothesis and show a statistical improvement in overall accuracy. Additional aspects of implementing an improved OCR scheme such as dealing with multiple engine data output alignment and recognizing application specific solutions are also addressed in this research. Although voting systems are currently in use by many major OCR engine developers, this research focuses on the addition of a collaborative system which is able to utilize the various positive aspects of multiple engines while also addressing the immediate need for practical industry applications such as litigation and forms processing. Doculex TM, a major developer and leader in the document imaging industry, has provided the funding for this research.M.S.Cp.E.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Computer Engineering
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Abu-Hakmeh, Khaldoon Emad. "Assessing the use of voting methods to improve Bayesian network structure learning." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45826.
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Structure inference in learning Bayesian networks remains an active interest in machine learning due to the breadth of its applications across numerous disciplines. As newer algorithms emerge to better handle the task of inferring network structures from observational data, network and experiment sizes heavily impact the performance of these algorithms. Specifically difficult is the task of accurately learning networks of large size under a limited number of observations, as often encountered in biological experiments. This study evaluates the performance of several leading structure learning algorithms on large networks. The selected algorithms then serve as a committee, which then votes on the final network structure. The result is a more selective final network, containing few false positives, with compromised ability to detect all network features.
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Popp, Raluca-Florica. "Political representation in different electoral settings : measuring issue congruence with VAA-generated data." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/34377.
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The long line of representation studies posits that proportional representation systems, with larger electoral districts, have a representational advantage over majoritarian systems. However, over the last decade, scholars have challenged this longstanding nding (Blais & Bodet 2006, Golder & Stramski 2007). Additionally, Golder & Stramski (2007) initiated a debate over the conceptualization and measurement of congruence, arguing that the most common practice of assessing congruence is flawed. They call for an improved measure of congruence. In the light of this recent debates, the purpose of this thesis is to inspect the relationship between institutional designs and political representation in the European context, using Voting Advice Application generated data. Three main research questions are explored. The first question relates to institutional designs such as district magnitude, and electoral system characteristics such as disproportionality or polarization, investigating the conditions necessary for a country to present high levels of congruence between its citizens and their representatives. Looking at party level characteristics, I will investigate what are the effects of niche party status and governmental status on issue congruence in European democracies? Last but not least, what is the role of individual characteristics? These questions will be addressed by studying the impact of different features of electoral systems, party and individual characteristics have on political representation conceptualized as issue congruence. Congruence is measured as the degree of matching of the common policy preferences of citizens and parties as indicated by the Voting Advice Applications EU Pro filer 2009 and EUvox 2014. The present work contributes to the stream of research on political representation understood as congruence. The strength of this work lays in its comparative approach, and the use of VAA generated data to measure congruence. While most of the studies on political representation using congruence focus on the Left-Right dimension, this thesis uses the concept of issue congruence. Based on the 28 common statements of the VAA tool, the measure of congruence is metric-free, allowing for cross-country comparisons. Although there is a wide range of research on the effects of electoral systems on political representation, most of these studies are limited in their use of comparative approaches. The lack of extensive comparative research on issue congruence is due to insufficient data. The 2009 EU Profi ler and 2014 EUvox address this issue, providing the necessary framework for testing the predictors of congruence at a system, party and individual level. Political representation can be operationalized through congruence, as the distance between the citizen and the representative (Huber & Powell 1994, Powell 2004). Issue congruence is the correspondence between party electorates and their representatives across a set of salient policy dimensions (Powell 2004). VAA generated data provides a new means of measuring congruence. I propose two new measures of congruence, based on the distance between the citizen and the party the citizen intends to vote for. Unlike other comparative studies that measure congruence with the help of the Left-Right scale, the present work focuses on issue policies. Issue congruence is the outcome of the match between the citizen and the party she intends to vote for on a series of 28 and 22 political statements. Additionally, the focus on issue congruence is important because issue representation is mostly inferred from the alternative interpretations of congruence. The measures of issue congruence therefore contribute to a better understanding of political representation in the EU political space, tackling the recurrent crisis of representation.
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Quint, Ryan David. "Practical Implementation of a Security-Dependability Adaptive Voting Scheme Using Decision Trees." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35667.
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Todayâ s electric power system is operated under increasingly stressed conditions. As electrical demand increases, the existing grid is operated closer to its stable operating limits while maintaining high reliability of electric power delivery to its customers. Protective schemes are designed to account for pressures towards unstable operation, but there is always a tradeoff between security and dependability of this protection.
Adaptive relaying schemes that can change or modify their operation based on prevailing system conditions are an example of a protective scheme increasing reliability of the power system. The purpose of this thesis is to validate and analyze implementation of the Security-Dependability Adaptive Voting Scheme. It is demonstrated that this scheme can be implemented with a select few Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) reporting positive sequence currents to a Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC). At the PDC, the state of the power system is defined as Stressed or Safe and a set of relays either vote or perform normal operation, respectively.
The Adaptive Voting Scheme was implemented using two configurations: hardware- and software-based PDC solutions. Each was shown to be functional, effective, and practical for implementation. Practicality was based on the latency of Wide Area Measurement (WAM) devices and the added latency of relay voting operation during Stressed conditions. Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), Phasor Data Concentrators (PDCs), and relay operation delays were quantified to determine the benefits and limitations of WAMS protection and implementation of the voting scheme. It is proposed that the delays injected into the existing protection schemes would have minimal effect on the voting scheme but must be accounted for when implementing power system controls due to the real-time requirements of the data.Master of Science
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Rudolph, Lukas [Verfasser], and Paul [Akademischer Betreuer] Thurner. "Voting behavior and electoral choice using causal inference methods for observational data / Lukas Rudolph ; Betreuer: Paul Thurner." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1171705344/34.
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Wondie, Binyam Lewoyehu. "Prospect of employing e-voting scheme in Ethiopia: understanding perception of the government and opposition political parties." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro universitet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-19440.
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Abstract Over the years, the opposition parties argued that the existing election system in Ethiopia has many problems during the election process and the outcome of actual results and it is not a kind of election system they can trust. Whereas the government officials claimed it was fair and free election system. The integrity of the election process is fundamental to the integrity of democracy itself. Hence, electronic voting (e-Voting) is a newly popular method to cast ballots of an election using electronic devices. This scheme is deployed highly as a main election system in some countries and still others are using a hybrid system. However, there are countries like Ethiopia which adopt the manual election scheme for several years till now. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand the perception of the government and opposition political parties towards the prospect of implementing e-voting scheme in the present context of Ethiopia. Even though there are setbacks in implementing e-voting in the present political situation of Ethiopia. However, the benefits are deemed to be much useful. Therefore, it is in the hands of the public and the government to work in developing and adopting e-voting scheme in a way that is helpful for both stakeholders. This paper suggests the government and the oppositions should have a reasonable consensus and planned date for starting the campaign which gives the right for the people for free and fair election and the rise of new political arena. Key words- e-voting, hybrid system, manual election scheme
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Chen, Yinghong. "Essays on voting power, corporate governance and capital structure." Göteborg : Dept. of Economics [Nationalekonomiska institutionen], Univ, 2004. http://www.handels.gu.se/epc/archive/00003821/01/ChendissNE.pdf.
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Achieng, Mourine Sarah. "The adoption and challenges of electronic voting technologies within the South African context." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1366.
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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: in Information Technology
in the Faculty of Informatics and Design
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
Supervisor: Dr Ephias Ruhode
Cape Town campus
December 2013The use of ICTs such as computers, electronic databases and other technologies have been in use for a number of years within the public sector to organise, manage and disseminate information to the public as well as to facilitate day-to-day communication in government offices. In this context, the value of the use of ICTs has been to assist and streamline government operations. The technological development in South Africa has opened up the possibilities of the use of ICTs in the democratic and governance process. E-democracy has been defined as a tool for abandoning the representative system for one with more direct citizen engagement. This study sets out to explore the challenges of the current electoral process, and also determine the factors that could influence the adoption and diffusion of e-voting technologies within the South African context. Literature has shown that countries such as Brazil and India have successfully implemented electronic voting systems and other countries are at various piloting stages to address many challenges and problems associated with manual paper based system such as costs of physical ballot paper and other overheads, electoral delays, distribution of electoral materials, and general lack of confidence in the electoral process. It is in this context that the study also seeks to determine whether the South African electoral management body can leverage on the opportunities that e-voting presents. However, with all the benefits that e-voting presents, there are countries such Germany, the Netherlands etc. that have tried and tested e-voting systems and decided to abandon these system to go back to the manual paper ballot voting systems because of various reasons ranging from cost, security and verifiability. This research is exploratory in nature and adopts qualitative research approach and it is within the interpretivism paradigm. Survey and interview strategies were used to collect data. A purposive sampling method was used to select the participants for the survey. To gain an understanding of the views of voters and electoral management body (IEC) about the current electoral process and e-voting technologies, literature was explored, a questionnaire was distributed online to voters and an in-depth semi-structured interview was conducted with the IEC. The study targeted voters who had access to the internet since the survey questionnaire was distributed online. The analysis is based on thematic analysis and diffusion of innovation (DoI) theory was also used to provide an analytical framework for the study. Through this framework the aims and objectives of the study were conceptualized around three constructs from the theory (relative advantage, compatibility and complexity). The findings of the study revealed that the three constructs from the DoI framework are important factors that may influence the adoption process of e-voting technologies. The findings also revealed other factors such as availability of ICT enable infrastructure and resources, digital divide, trust in technology, awareness of the technology and environment could that also influence the adoption process. The contributions of this research are anticipated to be a better understanding of the adoption of e-voting technologies in South Africa. For the electoral management bodies, the contribution of this research is that the research to some extent portrays factors that could influence the adoption of e-voting technologies in South Africa. Therefore, findings such as availability of ICT infrastructure and accessibility of these infrastructures should be taken into consideration before introducing e-voting technologies. Keywords: DoI (diffusion of Innovation), e-voting (electronic voting) technologies, E-governance, e-participation.
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Gyimah, Nana Afua Boamah, and Bertrand Asongwe Tita. "Electronic Voting; A Possible Solution for Sub-Saharan Africa? : A focus on the Ghanaian Electoral System." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Informatik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12573.
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One of the major reasons for political instability in Sub-Saharan Africa originates from the way elections are conducted. Most African countries have quite a handful of electoral malpractices which lead to political instability, civil wars and low economic growth. Electronic voting might be a solution to the election problems and thus bring in a stable political atmosphere which attracts investors. This thesis looks at the prospects and challenges of implementing e-voting in Ghana and Sub-Saharan Africa as a solution to the current manual paper-based system and proposes a framework and requirements which can be used as guidelines for its adoption and implementation. The thesis has been conducted by studying literature on electronic voting and Diffusion of Innovations Theory. Furthermore, a case study has been conducted on the Ghanaian electoral process, by conducting interviews with the Danquah Institute of Ghana and through questionnaires to some Ghanaian citizens in both the rural and urban areas of Ghana. The main results from the thesis show that the adoption and subsequent implementation of e-voting in SSA countries, can only be possible if the governments show strong committment and support by securing funds through donor organizations, and providing the necessary IT infrastructure and other resources needed to support the project. Voter education too is an absolute necessity. The adoption of e-voting is mainly based on how the innovation will be diffused and the perceived benefits that will be derived from the investment. Hence, particular attention should be paid to the various communication channels, especially the media, through which messages are passed across to the citizens.
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Borisyuk, Galina. "Developing methods for understanding the nature of voting patterns and party competition in Britain." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1249.
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This research both develops new methods and expands upon existing methodologies in order to improve our understanding of voting patterns and party competition in Britain. The thesis comprises five sections, each of which relates to a particular research focus. The first and principal section describes the process of determining a new method for decomposing electoral bias for three-party competition under simple plurality rules of voting. The study of electoral bias is important for voting systems that requires periodic boundary reviews intended to equalise electorate and to remove malapportionment. These papers describe both the process for developing the threeparty bias method and later its application to UK general elections from 1983 onwards. The second section uses aggregate data gathered for the elections to the Greater London Authority in order to understand the patterns of electoral support across the capital, particularly support for minor parties. A considerable amount of research effort has been expended upon providing reliable models for electoral forecasting both in the UK and elsewhere. The third section includes a paper that develops a forecast model that utilises aggregate local election data to estimate national vote shares for the three main parties in the UK. A fourth section brings together a series of papers that are linked by the themes of voter behaviour, either in terms of geographical or ballot context. A study of voter turnout in a London borough describes the relationship between proximity to polling station and electoral turnout at different types of election. A 8 number of papers included in this section also detail the effects of candidate ballot order on electoral support. The fifth and final section groups together two papers that using individual-level survey data to describe the pattern of candidate recruitment for local elections in Britain and, specifically, the under-recruitment of both women and Black, Asian and other minority ethnic candidates.
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Brusattin, Lorenzo. "The impact of political sophistication on the use cognitive shortcuts: evidence from experiments and secondary data." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/85409.
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This research project assesses the role played by political sophistication in terms of itsimpact on the voters’ resort to cognitive shortcuts, with reference both to the consciousand non-conscious components of voting decisions. The investigation scrutinisesempirically the way both sophisticated and unsophisticated individuals make politicaljudgments when prompted with cognitive cues in three different settings. In each ofthem a specific type of cue impinges on the political judgment of individuals at adifferent level and leads to a specific decisional outcome. The overall findings castdoubts on the virtues of heuristic reasoning as effective remedy for voters who have tofind their bearings in the ballot box, but they also downplay the importance of politicalsophistication when visual or subliminal cues are involved in the decision.Aquest projecte de recerca avalua el paper exercit per la sofisticació política en termesdel seu impacte sobre el recurs dels votants als atalls cognitius, amb referència tant alscomponents conscients i no conscients de les decisions de vot. La investigació examinaempíricament la manera com ambdós individus sofisticats i no sofisticats fan judicispolítics quan si li estimuli amb senyals cognitives de tres tipus diferents. En cada und'ells un tipus específic de atall incideix en el judici polític dels individus en un nivelldiferent i condueix a un resultat específic de presa de decisions. Els resultats generalsposen en dubte les virtuts del raonament heurístic com a remei eficaç per als votants ques’han d'orientar a les urnes, sinó que també minimitzen la importància de la sofisticaciópolítica, quan senyals visuals o subliminals estan involucrats en la decisió.
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Serani, Danilo. "Political distrust and support for anti-establishment parties in hard times: panel and longitudinal evidence of the association between political distrust and voting for anti-establishment parties." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668986.
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This thesis revolves around the relationship between distrust in the main actors of political representation (political parties and politicians) and voting for anti-establishment parties (AEP). While the research does not deny the argument according to which support for AEP largely depends on political distrust, it sheds new light on this association. First, the political attitude has not only a direct, but also a conditional effect on the voting behavior, especially when considering other factors like the economy. Second, supporting an AEP leads to a further political distrust. In other words, the political attitude and the voting behavior reinforce each other, by activating a ‘spiral of distrust’. These arguments are developed in three empirical chapters. In the first article, based on pooled surveys from the European Social Survey (2004-2016) and macroeconomic data gathered from the Eurostat, we performed a multilevel analysis to analyze the individual and contextual factors of the voting for AEP. In the second paper we analyze, with an original panel survey conducted in Spain between 2014 and 2016, the rise of Podemos and Ciudadanos at the 2015 elections. Instead, the third study, based on a comparative analysis of five panel studies, evaluates the impact of having voted for an AEP on the change in the levels of distrust.Este trabajo de tesis se centra en la relación entre desconfianza en los principales actores de representación política (partidos políticos y su elite) y voto a los partidos anti-establishment (AEP). Mientras esta investigación no cuestiona el argumento según el cual el voto a los AEP se debe en gran medida a la desconfianza política, lo que sí hace es arrojar nueva luz acerca de esta asociación. En primer lugar, sostenemos que la desconfianza política no solo tiene un impacto directo, sino también condicional sobre el voto a los AEP, especialmente si consideramos otros factores (como por ejemplo la economía). En segundo lugar, el voto a los AEP lleva a una ulterior desconfianza política. En otras palabras, la actitud política y el comportamiento electoral se refuerzan recíprocamente, activando un mecanismo de ‘espiral de la desconfianza’. Esos argumentos serán desarrollados a lo largo de tres artículos empíricos. En el primer paper, basado en un análisis agregado de la Encuesta Social Europea (2004-2016) y de los datos macroeconómicos obtenidos por el Eurostat, realizaremos un análisis multinivel para analizar los factores individuales y contextuales que explican el voto a los AEP. En el segundo artículo analizaremos, con inéditos datos de panel recolectados en España entre 2014 y 2016, el origen de Podemos y Ciudadanos en las elecciones de España del 2015. Finalmente, el tercer estudio, basado en un análisis comparado de cinco estudios de panel, analiza el impacto de haber votado por un AEP sobre el cambio en los niveles de desconfianza.
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Koch, Luther Allen. "As the World Turns Out: Economic Growth and Voter Turnout From a Global Perspective." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1180988588.
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Chen, Cheng. "A General System for Supervised Biomedical Image Segmentation." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2013. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/214.
Full textAbstract:
Image segmentation is important with applications to several problems in biology and medicine. While extensively researched, generally, current segmentation methods perform adequately in the applications for which they were designed, but often require extensive modifications or calibrations before used in a different application. We describe a system that, with few modifications, can be used in a variety of image segmentation problems. The system is based on a supervised learning strategy that utilizes intensity neighborhoods to assign each pixel in a test image its correct class based on training data. In summary, we have several innovations: (1) A general framework for such a system is proposed, where rotations and variations of intensity neighborhoods in scales are modeled, and a multi-scale classification framework is utilized to segment unknown images; (2) A fast algorithm for training data selection and pixel classification is presented, where a majority voting based criterion is proposed for selecting a small subset from raw training set. When combined with 1-nearest neighbor (1-NN) classifier, such an algorithm is able to provide descent classification accuracy within reasonable computational complexity. (3) A general deformable model for optimization of segmented regions is proposed, which takes the decision values from previous pixel classification process as input, and optimize the segmented regions in a partial differential equation (PDE) framework. We show that the performance of this system in several different biomedical applications, such as tissue segmentation tasks in magnetic resonance and histopathology microscopy images, as well as nuclei segmentation from fluorescence microscopy images, is similar or better than several algorithms specifically designed for each of these applications.
In addition, we describe another general segmentation system for biomedical applications where a strong prior on shape is available (e.g. cells, nuclei). The idea is based on template matching and supervised learning, and we show the examples of segmenting cells and nuclei from microscopy images. The method uses examples selected by a user for building a statistical model which captures the texture and shape variations of the nuclear structures from a given data set to be segmented. Segmentation of subsequent, unlabeled, images is then performed by finding the model instance that best matches (in the normalized cross correlation sense) local neighborhood in the input image. We demonstrate the application of our method to segmenting cells and nuclei from a variety of imaging modalities, and quantitatively compare our results to several other methods. Quantitative results using both simulated and real image data show that, while certain methods may work well for certain imaging modalities, our software is able to obtain high accuracy across several imaging modalities studied. Results also demonstrate that, relative to several existing methods, the template based method we propose presents increased robustness in the sense of better handling variations in illumination, variations in texture from different imaging modalities, providing more smooth and accurate segmentation borders, as well as handling better cluttered cells and nuclei.
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Becirovic, Ema. "On Social Choice in Social Networks." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikationssystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138578.
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Kollektiva beslut blir en del av vardagen när grupper av människor står inför val. Vi anpassar ofta våra personliga övertygelser med hänsyn till våra vänner. Vi är naturligt beroende av lyckan hos dem som står oss nära. I det här exjobbet undersöker vi en befintlig empatimodell som används för att välja en vinnare från en uppsättning alternativ genom att använda poängbaserade omröstningsprocedurer. Vi visar att en liten modifikation av modellen är tillräcklig för att kunna använda överlägsna omröstningsprocedurer som bygger på parvisa jämförelser av alternativen. Sammanfattningsvis visar vi att det i grunden inte finns någon anledning att använda poängbaserade omröstningsprocedurer i de föreslagna modellerna, eftersom ett mer önskvärt resultat uppnås genom att använda de överlägsna omröstningsprocedurerna.Social choice becomes a part of everyday life when groups of people are faced with decisions to make. We often adjust our personal beliefs with the respect to our friends. We are inherently dependent on the happiness of those near us. In this thesis, we investigate an existing empathy model that is used to select a winner in a set of alternatives by using scoring winner selection methods. We show that a slight modification of the model is enough to be able to use superior winner selection methods that are based on pairwise comparisons of alternatives. We show that there is essentially no reason to use scoring winner selection methods in the models proposed as a more desirable result is achieved by using superior winner selection methods.
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Karlsson, Erik, and Gilbert Nordhammar. "Naive semi-supervised deep learning med sammansättning av pseudo-klassificerare." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17177.
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Ett vanligt problem inom supervised learning är brist på taggad träningsdata. Naive semi-supervised deep learning är en träningsteknik som ämnar att mildra detta problem genom att generera pseudo-taggad data och därefter låta ett neuralt nätverk träna på denna samt en mindre mängd taggad data. Detta arbete undersöker om denna teknik kan förbättras genom användandet av röstning. Flera neurala nätverk tränas genom den framtagna tekniken, naive semi-supervised deep learning eller supervised learning och deras träffsäkerhet utvärderas därefter. Resultaten visade nästan enbart försämringar då röstning användes. Dock verkar inte förutsättningarna för röstning ha varit särskilt goda, vilket gör det svårt att dra en säker slutsats kring effekterna av röstning. Även om röstning inte gav förbättringar har NSSDL visat sig vara mycket effektiv. Det finns flera applikationsområden där tekniken i framtiden skulle kunna användas med goda resultat.
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Lima, João Henrique de. "Proposta de um transmissor de dados portátil e de baixo custo para o processo eleitoral Brasileiro." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/884.
Full textAbstract:
A utilização da tecnologia da informação no processo de automatização do trabalho já está instituída. As soluções que automatizam os processos fabris e que suportam a prestação de serviços aumentam a produtividade e tornaram-se imprescindíveis como ativo a ser bem explorado pelas organizações que desejam possuir os diferenciais competitivos essenciais para sobreviver num mercado concorrido. No âmbito do poder público, o processo de automatização também caminha rapidamente e novas ferramentas que agilizam e reduzem os custos da prestação de serviços aos cidadãos são implementadas. O processo eleitoral brasileiro acompanhou a onda da informatização e está totalmente automatizado desde 1998. Todavia, a informatização de eleições é um processo crítico devido aos diversos requisitos relacionados com a segurança do processo. O cenário de um processo eleitoral é composto por um conjunto de interesses, geralmente conflitantes, que devem ser harmonizados em eleições justas e limpas. A informatização traz vantagens relacionadas com a maior agilidade no processo de apuração e divulgação do resultado da eleição, maior economia, maior flexibilidade, possibilidade de correção de erros cometidos no momento da votação, inclusão de pessoas com deficiências, entre outros. Conciliar as dificuldades de implementar os requisitos exigidos em um sistema eleitoral, especificamente aqueles conflitantes e que asseguram a legitimidade das eleições (privacidade do eleitor e a garantia da integridade), para tirar proveito das vantagens que a informatização proporciona, tem sido objeto de pesquisas no meio acadêmico. Neste trabalho é apresentado um projeto para a construção de um protótipo de um dispositivo embarcado que visa aumentar a economicidade do processo eleitoral. O dispositivo destina-se a aperfeiçoar a fase de envio dos arquivos contendo os votos eletrônicos, apurados nas urnas eletrônicas brasileiras, para totalização e obtenção do resultado do pleito. Para melhorar a segurança, o equipamento faz uso de técnicas de criptografia para assegurar que o canal utilizado para transmissão dos resultados é seguro. A maior economia para o processo eleitoral é garantida com um dispositivo portátil, leve, de baixo consumo energético e robusto. Equipamentos menores e portáteis podem reduzir os custos com o processo de aquisição, preparação e envio para os locais de onde os votos eletrônicos serão transmitidos afim de serem totalizados nos sistemas centralizados da Justiça Eleitoral.The use of information technology to promote the automation of work processes is widely spread. Systems to automate the manufacturing processes and to support services delivery help to improve the productivity and have become an indispensable asset to be exploited by organizations wishing to have the competitive advantages essential to survive in a crowded marketplace. In the context of public sector, the automation process also moves quickly and new tools that streamline and reduce the costs of providing services to citizens are being implemented. The Brazilian electoral process followed the wave of informatization and is fully automated since 1998. However, the informatization of elections is a critical process due to various requirements related to the electoral process security. The scenario of an electoral process is composed of a set of interests, often conflicting, which should be harmonized by fair and clean elections. Computerization has advantages related to greater agility in the process of calculation and disclosure of the outcome of the elections, greater economy, greater flexibility, possibility of correcting errors made at the time of voting, inclusion of people with disabilities, among others. Reconcile the difficulties of implementing the requirements in an electoral system, specifically those conflicting, which shall ensure the legitimacy of the elections (voter privacy and guarantee of the integrity), to take advantage of the benefits that computerization provides, has been subject of academic research. This work presents a project to build a prototype of an embedded device that aims to increase economicity of the Brazilian electoral process. The device is intended to improve the activity of sending files containing the electronic votes, acquired in the Brazilian electronic ballot boxes, for counting and obtaining the result of the election. To improve security, the prototype makes use of encryption techniques to ensure that the channel used for transmission of results is secure. The economy for the electoral process will be guaranteed with a portable, lightweight, low energy consumption and robust device. Portable and smaller equipments can reduce the costs with the acquisition process, preparing and sending to the places where the electronic votes will be transmitted in order to be aggregated in centralized systems.
5000
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Démoulain, Matthieu. "Nouvelles technologies et droit des relations de travail : essai sur une évolution des relations de travail." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020037.
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De Kheops à Internet, des nanotechnologies à la téléportation, les nouvelles technologies rythment la vie des hommes. Fruits de leur intelligence, outils de grands travaux, moteurs de diffusion des savoirs, elles sont cause et effet des progrès de l’humanité. Innervant les relations de travail subordonnées comme tous les compartiments de la société, elles retiennent l’attention du juriste tant elles sont susceptibles de remodeler l’organisation de l’entreprise, de provoquer l’exclusion de la communauté de travail (au moins autant que de rapprocher ceux qui la composent), de provoquer l’entremêlement des vies personnelle et professionnelle. Nul compartiment du droit des relations de travail n’échappe à la pression des nouvelles technologies : au recrutement des salariés elles peuvent donner un nouveau visage ; à la conclusion du contrat de travail elles peuvent offrir instantanéité et dématérialisation ; au temps de son exécution elles imposent normes de sécurité (pour que, de chacun, le corps soit préservé) et normes de vie (pour que, de chacun, l’âme et l’esprit demeurent hors du champ de lecture de l’employeur). Et que dire du jeu de relations collectives remodelées à coup de communications syndicales dématérialisées, de vote électronique, de réunions virtuelles d’instance de représentation du personnel ? Le paysage se transforme. Le corpus normatif, parfois, peine à suivre. Le temps des diseurs de droit n’est pas celui de la science. Mais la science ne peut aller sans que le législateur et le juge, un jour, s’en saisissent. D’intérêts contradictoires où s’entremêlent impératif d’évolution (de l’entreprise) et de protection (du salarié), il leur appartient d’assurer la conciliationOver the centuries, from Cheops to the Internet and from nanotechnology to teleportation, new technologies have constantly been at the centre of individuals’ lives. Produced by human intelligence, they appear to be a key to innovation, a tool for the dissemination of knowledge and they enable the progress and evolution of mankind. These new technologies obviously drew lawyers’ attention as they have a direct impact on society as a whole, but also more specifically on the relationship between employers and employees. Moreover, they tend to reshape the organisation of corporations and lead to the entanglement of professional and private life. As a matter of fact, labour law is under pressure: recruitment procedures can be altered by new technologies, the conclusion of employment contracts is nowadays electronic and instantaneous, and security and privacy rules have been established (not to mention electronic trade union communications, e-voting or e-meetings for staff representative bodies). In short, the whole framework is changing. Unfortunately, lawmakers are usually overtaken by events as science and law evolve at a very different pace. However, sooner or later, legal boundaries are set. Currently, courts’ main challenge is to try to make technological progress and protection of employees compatible
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Ayad, Hanan. "Voting-Based Consensus of Data Partitions." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/3934.
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Over the past few years, there has been a renewed interest in the consensus
problem for ensembles of partitions. Recent work is primarily motivated by the
developments in the area of combining multiple supervised learners. Unlike the
consensus of supervised classifications, the consensus of data partitions is a
challenging problem due to the lack of globally defined cluster labels and to
the inherent difficulty of data clustering as an unsupervised learning problem.
Moreover, the true number of clusters may be unknown. A fundamental goal of
consensus methods for partitions is to obtain an optimal summary of an ensemble
and to discover a cluster structure with accuracy and robustness exceeding those
of the individual ensemble partitions.
The quality of the consensus partitions highly depends on the ensemble
generation mechanism and on the suitability of the consensus method for
combining the generated ensemble. Typically, consensus methods derive an
ensemble representation that is used as the basis for extracting the consensus
partition. Most ensemble representations circumvent the labeling problem. On
the other hand, voting-based methods establish direct parallels with consensus
methods for supervised classifications, by seeking an optimal relabeling of the
ensemble partitions and deriving an ensemble representation consisting of a
central aggregated partition. An important element of the voting-based
aggregation problem is the pairwise relabeling of an ensemble partition with
respect to a representative partition of the ensemble, which is refered to here
as the voting problem. The voting problem is commonly formulated as a weighted
bipartite matching problem.
In this dissertation, a general theoretical framework for the voting problem as
a multi-response regression problem is proposed. The problem is formulated as
seeking to estimate the uncertainties associated with the assignments of the
objects to the representative clusters, given their assignments to the clusters
of an ensemble partition. A new voting scheme, referred to as cumulative voting,
is derived as a special instance of the proposed regression formulation
corresponding to fitting a linear model by least squares estimation. The
proposed formulation reveals the close relationships between the underlying loss
functions of the cumulative voting and bipartite matching schemes. A useful
feature of the proposed framework is that it can be applied to model substantial
variability between partitions, such as a variable number of clusters.
A general aggregation algorithm with variants corresponding to
cumulative voting and bipartite matching is applied and a simulation-based
analysis is presented to compare the suitability of each scheme to different
ensemble generation mechanisms. The bipartite matching is found to be more
suitable than cumulative voting for a particular generation model, whereby each
ensemble partition is generated as a noisy permutation of an underlying
labeling, according to a probability of error. For ensembles with a variable
number of clusters, it is proposed that the aggregated partition be viewed as an
estimated distributional representation of the ensemble, on the basis of which,
a criterion may be defined to seek an optimally compressed consensus partition.
The properties and features of the proposed cumulative voting scheme are
studied. In particular, the relationship between cumulative voting and the
well-known co-association matrix is highlighted. Furthermore, an adaptive
aggregation algorithm that is suited for the cumulative voting scheme is
proposed. The algorithm aims at selecting the initial reference partition and
the aggregation sequence of the ensemble partitions the loss of mutual
information associated with the aggregated partition is minimized. In order to
subsequently extract the final consensus partition, an efficient agglomerative
algorithm is developed. The algorithm merges the aggregated clusters such that
the maximum amount of information is preserved. Furthermore, it allows the
optimal number of consensus clusters to be estimated.
An empirical study using several artificial and real-world datasets demonstrates
that the proposed cumulative voting scheme leads to discovering substantially
more accurate consensus partitions compared to bipartite matching, in the case
of ensembles with a relatively large or a variable number of clusters. Compared
to other recent consensus methods, the proposed method is found to be comparable
with or better than the best performing methods. Moreover, accurate estimates of
the true number of clusters are often achieved using cumulative voting, whereas
consistently poor estimates are achieved based on bipartite matching. The
empirical evidence demonstrates that the bipartite matching scheme is not
suitable for these types of ensembles.
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Chen, Ming-cheng, and 陳明成. "A GA-Fuzzy-Based Voting Mechanism for Microarray Data Classification." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/w8dw26.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
資訊工程學系研究所
97
The microarray technology plays an important role of clinical oncology field. The patient can be diagnosed a symptom about cancer through microarray data. Currently, to solve classification of microarray data is still a wild open issue. Existing methods may have a good performance, but need to spend much time to analyze microarray data, such as SVM. In this thesis, we propose a novel GA-Fuzzy-based voting mechanism to find genes which affect the symptom to better diagnose patient. The proposed algorithm can blur the boundary between classes to handle the ambiguous regions. In order to simulate the gene selection mechanism, we proposed upper bound α-Cut and lower bound α-Cut in voting mechanism. Two groups of data collected from the literature are used to test the performance of the proposed algorithm. In the first group of dataset, experimental results show that the accuracies of five datasets using the proposed algorithm are better than those methods proposed by Pochet et al. But, there are the four datasets which the accuracies using the proposed algorithm are a little bit worse than the methods proposed by Pochet et al. For the second group of dataset, the accuracies of seven datasets using the proposed algorithm are better than KerNN proposed by Xiong and Chen. But, there are four datasets which the accuracies using the proposed algorithm are worse than KerNN proposed by Xiong and Chen. Nevertheless, experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs the best for multi-class data.
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Duric, Sumejja, Hanin Talal, and Hjördis Harzdorf. "E-Voting Systems : Swedish Citizens Perception Towards A Future Implementation." Thesis, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-25556.
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Today’s digitalized society sees constant change and development. Revolutionary and otherwise controversial inventions are now considered conventional. Sweden is one of the most technologically developed countries in the world, with the exception of our voting system. The biggest change seen during the decades is the inclusion of voters. The current voting system in Sweden is neither effective nor accurate. There have been talks about an electronic voting system but Sweden has seen no effect of this. Other countries have already implemented electronic voting with successful results. Projects in other countries have also been shut down with the reason being users that are not aware of how the system actually works, even though citizens were positive towards the systems. No investments have been made in making sure that users know how the system works. It is therefore important to include the end-user in the design and development of a system. This inclusion ensures satisfaction from both parties. If an ultimate solution is to occur, both from a developer and user perspective, involvement needs to happen. Through this study, swedish citizens perspective regarding e-voting will be analyzed to enhance an e-voting system in case of a future implementation in Sweden.
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(6012225), Huian Li. "Transparent and Mutual Restraining Electronic Voting." Thesis, 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
Many e-voting techniques have been proposed but not widely used in reality. One of the problems associated with most of existing e-voting techniques is the lack of transparency, leading to a failure to deliver voter assurance. In this work, we propose a transparent, auditable, end-to-end verifiable, and mutual restraining e-voting protocol that exploits the existing multi-party political dynamics such as in the US. The new e-voting protocol consists of three original technical contributions -- universal verifiable voting vector, forward and backward mutual lock voting, and in-process check and enforcement -- that, along with a public real time bulletin board, resolves the apparent conflicts in voting such as anonymity vs. accountability and privacy vs. verifiability. Especially, the trust is split equally among tallying authorities who have conflicting interests and will technically restrain each other. The voting and tallying processes are transparent to voters and any third party, which allow any voter to verify that his vote is indeed counted and also allow any third party to audit the tally. For the environment requiring receipt-freeness and coercion-resistance, we introduce additional approaches to counter vote-selling and voter-coercion issues. Our interactive voting protocol is suitable for small number of voters like boardroom voting where interaction between voters is encouraged and self-tallying is necessary; while our non-interactive protocol is for the scenario of large number of voters where interaction is prohibitively expensive. Equipped with a hierarchical voting structure, our protocols can enable open and fair elections at any scale.
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Pradhan, Sujan. "Design and implementation of an electronic poll book solution." 2013. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1741653.
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HUANG, CHENG-CHUN, and 黃成峻. "The Change in Voting Behavior of the Taiwanese Young Voters：Investigation into TEDS2012＆TEDS2016 Data Sets." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34th6p.
Full textAbstract:
碩士開南大學
人文社會學院公共管理碩士在職專班
106
The many research literatures which are connected with the young voters are “does not vote” discussion the factors. However, the political situation in Taiwan has been hit by many incidents in recent years and created a phenomenon different from the past. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the change in voting behavior of the Taiwanese young voters.I first uses the thesis of Shih-Peng Liu from the Department of Political Science National Sun Yat-sen University as its research model to construct a voting model for the young voters who are suitable for this study. The data sets of TEDS2012 and TEDS2016, To track the voting behavior of young voters in Taiwan to see if there is any change in the voting intentions of young voters. In statistical analysis, the first is to use the chi-square test for independent correlation verification to test whether the set of independent and dependent variables show significant differences. Furthermore, a two-stage binomial logistic regression was performed. The binomial logistic regression in the first stage had not yet set the age as a control variable. In the second stage The binomial logistic regression is through age control, to explain the causal relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Finally, the difference between TEDS2012 and TEDS2016 was analyzed to show the changing factors of young voters' voting intentions. The results of this study show that the age-adjusted binomial logistic regression of the second stage of TEDS2012 shows the frequency of young voters' gender, religious beliefs, provincial origin, party preferences, political knowledge, political interests, and the frequency of watching TV , Candidate's evaluation, civil duty have a significant impact with voting participation . In the binomial logistic regression of the age-controlled for the second stage of TEDS2016, the gender, education, provincial origin, party preference, political knowledge, political interest, frequency of watching TV, the most frequently read newspaper type, civil duty have a significant impact with voting participation. Therefore, TEDS2012 and TEDS2016 are the most important factors influencing the change of voting intention of young voters in Taiwan, which is contrasted with the result of data analysis. Educational level, party preference and involvement in politics are the three variables.
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Dolo, Kgaugelo Moses. "Differential evolution technique on weighted voting stacking ensemble method for credit card fraud detection." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26758.
Full textAbstract:
Differential Evolution is an optimization technique of stochastic search for a population-based vector, which is powerful and efficient over a continuous space for solving differentiable and non-linear optimization problems. Weighted voting stacking ensemble method is an important technique that combines various classifier models. However, selecting the appropriate weights of classifier models for the correct
classification of transactions is a problem. This research study is therefore aimed at exploring whether the Differential Evolution optimization method is a good approach for defining the weighting function. Manual and random selection of weights for voting credit card transactions has previously been carried out. However, a large number of fraudulent transactions were not detected by the classifier models. Which means that a technique to overcome the weaknesses of the classifier models is required. Thus, the problem of selecting the
appropriate weights was viewed as the problem of weights optimization in this study. The dataset was downloaded from the Kaggle competition data repository. Various machine learning algorithms were used to weight vote a class of transaction. The differential evolution optimization techniques was used as a weighting function. In
addition, the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) and Safe Level Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SL-SMOTE) oversampling algorithms were modified to preserve the definition of SMOTE while improving the performance. Result generated from this research study showed that the Differential Evolution
Optimization method is a good weighting function, which can be adopted as a systematic weight function for weight voting stacking ensemble method of various classification methods.School of Computing
M. Sc. (Computing)
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Kao, Yi-Tang, and 高羿棠. "The Impact of Mandated Electronic Voting: A Quasi-Experiment Analysis with Public Company Data in Taiwan." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9zxgqx.
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Wang, Ping-Hao, and 王品皓. "Particle Swarm Optimization-based Impurity Function Band Prioritization Using Weighted Majority Voting for Feature Extraction of High Dimensional Data Sets." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3hwj9w.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
電機工程系所
101
In recent years, with the improvement of technologies, the numbers of data in the high dimension data sets are also increased and using feature extraction is one of the methods that can reduced dimension to solve the big data computational complexity problem. For hyperspectral imagery, in order to avoid increased the number of bands that cause Hughes Phenomena to classification accuracy decreased, using band selection as data pre-processing to reduced computational complexity in hyperspectral image data sets. There have been a number of scholars to propose several optimization algorithms-based band selection methods, but the selection methods were too stringent that cause dimensionality couldn’t be significantly reduced. Therefore, a new supervised band selection algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed in this paper. By using the PSO algorithm, the highly correlated bands of hyperspectral imagery can be grouped into the same modules, with a band prioritization method for statistics relationship between bands and classes, and finally selection bands from the statistics result by using weighted majority voting to reduced dimension in big data sets. Furthermore, the high correlation band information is integrated with the PSO algorithm during process updating phase that can make PSO algorithm more powerful in searching the large modules. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by MASTER and AVIRIS hyperspectral images. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method not only could reduction the dimension of data sets by band selection, but also can offer a satisfactory classification performance.
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Axborn, Ludwig, and Robin Rydberg. "Elektroniska val i Sverige." Thesis, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-22262.
Full textAbstract:
This research report aims to provide a picture of Sweden's current attitude and approach to future digitization of the election system and how this change process can take place. It also aims to provide answers to our formulated research questions: What is people's attitude to the current election system and future digitization of the election system? How could the current Swedish electoral system be changed with the help of digitalisation and what could these changes look like? Furthermore, it describes the methods and tools used for the collection of information and thus provides an accurate basis of the current situation through a summary of previous research on the subject through a literature study. Furthermore, the method chapter describes in detail the collection of information that was done through a quantitative and a qualitative study. First, an investigation is done on the current situation at the Swedish electoral authority. This investigation then forms the basis of the online survey that collected information from private individuals to give an understanding of their view and attitude on an electronic voting system. The results of this information collection are compiled and then presented in our results. This result is then discussed in our method chapter where we ourselves reflect on the information and responses we collected. In our discussion we also give examples of whether and how the introduction of a digital election system can and should take place. We do this by identifying different levels of digitization based on the results and presenting them together with a number of identified criteria. Finally, this research report can serve as a basis for answering the question of and in what way Sweden should introduce a digital election system.
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Γαλάνης, Βασίλειος. "e-αξιολόγηση : εφαρμογές της κρυπτογραφίας στην αξιολόγηση μέσω τεχνολογιών πληροφορικής και επικοινωνιών." Thesis, 2009. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/2921.
Full textAbstract:
Η εργασία αυτή έχει σα σκοπό τη διερεύνηση των εφαρμογών της κρυπτογραφίας στην ασφάλεια της διαδικασίας της αξιολόγησης σε περιβάλλοντα όπου γίνεται χρήση τεχνολογιών επικοινωνίας και πληροφορικής, κατασκευάζοντας μια κατηγορία πρωτοκόλλων που καλείται e-αξιολόγηση. Πιό συγκεκριμένα, ξεκινώντας από την όσο το δυνατόν πλήρη περιγραφή ενός συστήματος e-αξιολόγησης τόσο σε επίπεδο hardware όσο και σε επίπεδο software, σκοπός μας είναι να εισάγουμε κατάλληλες κρυπτογραφικές τεχνικές έτσι ώστε να καλύπτουμε τις απαιτήσεις ασφαλείας της διαδικασίας της e-αξιολόγησης και να δώσουμε παραδείγματα αντίστοιχων εφαρμογών όπου είναι γίνεται χρήση της ηλεκτρονικής αξιολόγησης.
Στο πρώτο μέρος της εργασίας διερευνούμε τον τρόπο με τον οποίο ενσωματώνεται η έννοια της ασφάλειας στη διαδικασία της αξιολόγησης, τους λόγους για τους οποίους υπάρχει ανάγκη για ενσωμάτωση τεχνικών ασφαλείας στην αξιολόγηση και τα οφέλη που αποκομίζουμε από αυτές καθώς και μία γρήγορη παρουσίαση του συνόλου των τεχνικών που χρησιμοποιούνται. Στη συνέχεια του κεφαλαίου αυτού, παρουσιάζουμε που και πως ενσωματώνονται εφαρμογές κρυπτογραφίας στο σύνολο των τεχνικών ασφαλείας που χρησιμοποιούνται στη διαδικασία αξιολόγησης.
Στο δεύτερο μέρος κάνουμε μια παρουσίαση των κρυπτογραφικών πρωτοκόλλων και τεχνικών που έχουν εφαρμογή στην e-αξιολόγηση, καθώς και μια παρουσίαση του μαθηματικού τους υπόβαθρου.
Στο τρίτο μέρος κάνουμε μια παρουσίαση των εφαρμογών της ηλεκτρονικής αξιολόγησης στην εκπαίδευση.The goal of this work is to research the application of cryptography in the security of the process of evaluation in on-line environments, creating a framework of protocols which is collectively called e-evaluation. More specifically, we begin by providing a description of an e-evaluation system in both the hardware and the software level and introducing suitable cryptographic techniques so as to satisfy the security requirements of the e-evaluation process, giving examples of applications where there is use of electronic evaluation procedures. In the first part of this work we research the way the concept of security is integrated within the process of evaluation, the reasons for which there is need for integrating security techniques in that process and the benefits we gain by them. Then we provide a short description of techniques being use in the electronic evaluation process as well as where and how cryptography is applied in them. In the second part, we provide a description of the cryptographic techniques and protocols that have applications in the e-evaluation framework and their mathematical background. In the third and final part, we make a presentation of the applications of e-evaluation in education.
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Lai, Wei-Jr, and 賴威至. "DATE: A Decentralized, Anonymous, and Transparent E-voting System." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bt3reb.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
資訊工程學研究所
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A trusted electronic election system requires that all the involved information must go public., Howeverthat is, it focuses not only on transparency but also on privacy issues. In other words, each ballot should be counted anonymously, correctly, and efficiently. In this work, an effective eE-voting system is proposed for voters to minimize their trust in the authority or government. We ensure the transparency of election by putting all messages on the Ethereum blockchain;, in the meantime, the privacy of individual voter is protected via an effective ring signature mechanism. Besides, the attractive self-tallying feature is also built in our system, which guarantees that everyone who can access the blockchain network is able to tally the result on his own, i.e., no third party is required after the voting phase. More importantly, we ensure the correctness of voting results and keep the Ethereum gas cost of individual participant as low as possible, at the same time. ClearlyMoreover, the pre-describedpre-described characteristics of stealth address in omake our system makes it more suitable for large-scale election on line.