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Academic literature on the topic 'Vortex quantiques'
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Journal articles on the topic "Vortex quantiques"
Pruvost, Laurence, and Thierry Ruchon. "Vortex optiques en interaction avec des atomes." Reflets de la physique, no. 75 (April 2023): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/refdp/202375010.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Vortex quantiques"
Boulier, Thomas. "Controlled vortex lattices and non-classical light with microcavity polaritons." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066524.
Full textPolaritons are bosonic quasiparticles coming from the strong coupling between photons and excitons in a solid-state semiconductor microcavity. Due to their short lifetime and their strong nonlinear interactions, polaritons are an ideal system to study fundamental problems of out-of-equilibrium quantum hydrodynamics as well as more applied problematic in quantum optics, such as the implementation of ultrafast opto-electronic switches or the generation of non-classical states of light.In this thesis the two themes are treated. In the first part of my thesis I will depict several schemes by which we optically inject a controlled angular momentum in a polartion superfluid, in order to observe its nucleation into elementary vortices. The impact of the geometry, disorder, and polariton-polariton nonlinear interactions is studied. We show the conservation of angular momentum in the steady state regime despite the open, out-of-equilibrium nature of the system. In the linear regime, an interference pattern containing phase defects is visible. In the nonlinear(superfluid) regime, the interference disappear and the vortices nucleate as a consequence of the angular momentum conservation. Finally, constraining the geometry we were able to create in a controlled way a stable ring of elementary vortices of the same sign, opening the way to the study of vortex-vortex interactions in quantum fluids of light.A second aspect of polaritons is the quantum properties of their emitted light. In the second part of the manuscript I describe a novel source of continuous-variable squeezed light in pillar-shaped semiconductor microcavities in the strong coupling regime. Indeed, the generation of squeezedand entangled light fields is a crucial ingredient for the implementation of quantum information protocols. In this context, semiconductor materials offer a strong potential for the implementation of on-chip devices operating at the quantum level. Here, degenerate polariton four-wave mixing is obtained by exciting the pillar at normal incidence. We observe a bistable behavior and we demonstrate the generation of squeezing near the turning point of the bistability curve. The confined pillar geometry allows for a larger amount of squeezing than planar microcavities due to the discrete energy levels protected from excess noise. By analyzing the noise of the emitted light we obtain a measured intensity squeezing of 20,3%, inferred to be 35,8% after corrections for losses in the detection setup
Giuriato, Umberto. "Dynamique des particules actives dans les superfluides et leur interaction avec les vortex quantiques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4062.
Full textSuperfluids are inviscid flows in which vorticity is supported on filaments with quantized circulation. Such objects, known as quantum vortices, exhibit a hydrodynamical behavior. Experimentally, the dynamics of superfluids has been studied by using particles, which nowadays have become the main tool for visualizing quantum vortices. In this Thesis, we study numerically and analytically the dynamics of active and finite-size particles in superfluids. The superfluid is modeled with the Gross–Pitaevskii equation, while the particles are implemented as moving repulsive potentials coupled with the macroscopic wave function describing the superfluid. Firstly, the model is used to investigate the interaction between particles and quantum vortices at very low temperatures. This part aims to give a theoretical background to the current experiments in which macroscopic particles are used to sample superfluid vortices and quantum turbulence. Specifically, we address the following problems: the capture of a particle by a quantum vortex, the reconnections of vortex filaments and the propagation of Kelvin waves in presence trapped particles and the dynamics of particles in decaying quantum turbulence. In the last part of the manuscript, finite temperature effects are studied in the Fourier-truncated Gross–Pitaevskii model. The goal is to characterize the dynamics of impurities immersed in a thermal bath and how their presence modifies the statistical properties of the fluid. In particular, the random motion of the impurities and the temperature dependence of the friction coefficient are studied. Finally, the clustering of impurities and its effect on the phase transitions of the condensate are investigated
Villerot, Sophie. "Structure microscopique et dynamique des vortex dans un superfluide dense." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00775920.
Full textPigeon, Simon. "Fluides Quantiques et Dispositifs à Polaritons." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00597945.
Full textVictorin, Nicolas. "Gaz quantiques à plusieurs composantes sous champ de jauge." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY049.
Full textThe first observation of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in dilute atomic vapors has been a breakthrough both fundamentally, verifying theoretical concept predicted by Bose and Einstein several decades ago, revealing the statistical property of quantum particles. Since then, a new field has emerged and experimentalists are able to study this artificial matter in a very clean and controllable way. Cold-atom systems allows us to explore a whole range of fundamental phenomena that are extremely difficult or impossible to study in real materials, such as Bloch oscillation, Mott-superfluid transition, topology of band structure, orbital magnetism just to name a few. These progresses allow the quantum simulation of a large class of Hamiltonians subjected to magnetic field. Indeed, condensed matter phenomena under strong magnetic fields are still intriguing and are at the center of modern research. For instance, topological states of matter are realized in quantum Hall systems. A ladder is the simplest geometry where one can get some insight on two-dimensional quantum systems subjected to a synthetic gauge field.The first part of this thesis is dedicated to the study of double ring ladder subjected to gauge fluxes.Through both numerical and analytical calculation we explore the phase diagram of the system revealing known phases such as Meissner, vortex and biased ladder phase and the effect of commensurability of the total flux. Thanks to Bogoliubov approximation we are able to derive the excitation spectrum of the system and the nature of the low energy modes in the different phases revealing supersolid features as well as Josephson oscillation between the rings. The regime of infinite interaction between the boson enabled us to use exact mapping into fermions using Jordan-Wigner transformation to characterize the properties of the ground state. We explore the intermediate regime of interactions. Thanks to mode expansion and re-fermionization approach of the bosonized Hamiltonian of the double ring under gauge flux, we show the peculiarities of finite size periodic boundary condition on the current in the double ring with a rotating barrier inducing gauge flux.Exciton-polaritons in semiconductor microcavities constitute an amazing playground to study quantum fluids of light where remarkable effects, similar to those observed in cold atoms experiments, arise. Even though this quantum fluid of light is assumed to be composed, almost, upon pure condensate, the non-equilibrium nature of the gas make the comparison with typical condensates in cold atom experiment rather non trivial.The second part of the thesis is devoted to the study of excitons-polariton in honeycomb lattice. One of the most interesting aspect of the honeycomb lattice problem is that its low-energy excitations are massless, chiral, Dirac particles. Exciton-polariton, which are composite particle of light, in this lattice get back the relativist character of light but in a context where condensation is possible. Features of bosons in honeycomb lattice including retarded Green’s functions, Brillouin-zone selection mechanism and link between geometry of the lattice. We show that decay mode are suppressed as a consequence of the symmetry of the lattice leading to the possibility to engineer polaritonic dark-state. Then we obtain the Bogoliubov excitation spectrum of exciton-polariton. The usual bistability curve is shown to be unstable above C point showing the break-down of mean-field theory because of possible highly non-classical state. Finally experiment and theory are compared
XAVIER, GUIMARAES MARIA EMILIA. "Contributions a l'etude des champs quantiques en espace-temps conique et des solutions de type vortex couplees a la gravitation." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066436.
Full textDomenge, Jean-Christophe. "Brisures de symétrie dans les modèles de Heisenberg classiques et quantiques en deux dimensions." Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010943.
Full textGarcía, Alfonso Ernesto. "Etude théorique de la dynamique de nanogouttes d'hélium superfluide : formation d'agrégats, solvatation d'ions, explosion coulombienne, et nucléation et détection de vortex quantiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSES069.
Full textSeveral dynamical processes involving Helium-4 nanodroplets (HNDs) are studied theoretically, in relation with experiments. HNDs are clusters of several hundred to several hundred billions of 4He atoms which exhibit remarkable properties: very low temperature, ~0.4K, superfluid properties, ability to pickup any dopant, weak interaction with any atom or molecule. The studied processes reflect the two main interests in HNDs: characterizing superfluid properties in a finite-size system (quantum vortex nucleation and detection), and using HNDs as an ideal environment to study dopant spectroscopy and dynamics (clustering, ion solvation, and Coulomb explosion). Extensive simulations are conducted using 4He-Density Functional Theory (4He-DFT) and its time-dependent version (4He-TDDFT). This approach can successfully simulate the equilibrium and dynamics of droplets of several thousand of atoms and provide detailed insight into the structural dynamics of the entire system which is not accessible experimentally: visualization of solvation shells, nature of helium droplet excitations. Rare gas (Rg) cluster formation is studied inside HeN under realistic conditions where one Rg atom collides with a solvated n-atom cluster to form the (n+1)-atom cluster. The 4He-DFT simulation results are compared to those of approximate atomistic approaches. Although quantum and superfluidity effects are better described with 4He-TDDFT, several common features are demonstrated. The most stable gas phase configuration is usually not produced, but an isomer with fewer bonds instead, and/or more dilute structures because of the rigidity of the helium solvation shell around the Rg atoms. The sinking of alkali (Ak) cations in HNDs is simulated in parallel with experimental investigations in the group of Stapelfeldt (Aarhus), in complement to earlier studies on Na+ sinking. It aims at shedding some light on the primary steps of solvation, by suddenly ionizing the alkali atom sitting in a dimple at the droplet surface. The build up of the first solvation shell around the ions is shown to be progressive, pointing to a Poissonian mechanism in which each He atom binds independently to the ion. For the lighter alkalis, the solvation shell is incomplete at the end of the dynamics, suggesting a kinetic rather than thermodynamical control of its formation. Coulomb explosion simulations of Ak2 molecules initially sitting at the droplet surface and suddenly ionized are conducted in order to understand the effect of the HNDs on Ak2++ fragmentation dynamics. The corresponding experiment in Stapelfeldt's group in Aarhus aimed at measuring the proportion of triplet to singlet state in the formation of Ak2, and at imaging the vibrational wave function. Several parameters are examined in the simulations: droplet size, zero point motion of Ak2 vibration, and orientational distribution of Ak2 on the droplet surface. The results validate the experimental approach, and evidence an unexpected curvature of the ion trajectories which could be used to measure droplet sizes individually, something that has only been possible up to now for very large sizes (by X-ray diffraction). The nucleation of quantum vortices, a characteristic of helium superfluidity, has been revealed in very large droplets (VLD) and attributed to angular momentum created by friction of the liquid in the nozzle prior to expansion and cooling. Here droplet-droplet collisions are explored as an alternative mechanism. The results show the nucleation of quantum vortices at indentations of the merged droplet, a mechanism general for all droplet sizes. However, no signature has been found to detect vortices in smaller droplets so far. In this work, fluorescence absorption or excitation spectroscopy of alkali atoms is proposed: a vortex is shown to shift and broaden the alkali spectrum. The effect could be measurable above the first excited states
Hivet, Romain. "Solitons, demi-solitons et réseaux de vortex dans un fluide de polaritons." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00911207.
Full textChevy, Frédéric. "Dynamique d'un condensat de Bose-Einstein." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001305.
Full textBooks on the topic "Vortex quantiques"
Kotlyar, Victor V., Alexey A. Kovalev, and Alexey P. Porfirev. Vortex Laser Beams. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
Find full textKotlyar, Victor V., Alexey A. Kovalev, and Alexey P. Porfirev. Vortex Laser Beams. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
Find full textKotlyar, Victor V., Alexey A. Kovalev, and Alexey P. Porfirev. Vortex Laser Beams. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
Find full textKovalev, Alexey Andreevich. Vortex Laser Beams. Taylor & Francis Group, 2023.
Find full textVortex Laser Beams. CRC Press, 2018.
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