Journal articles: 'Vortex-charge in superconductors'

1

Blatter, G., M. Feigel'man, V. Geshkenbein, A. Larkin, and A. van Otterlo. "Vortex charge in type II superconductors." Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 46, S2 (February 1996): 909–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02583762.

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2

Hsu, Yu-Te, Maarten Berben, Matija Čulo, Seiji Adachi, Takeshi Kondo, Tsuneshiro Takeuchi, Yue Wang, Steffen Wiedmann, Stephen M. Hayden, and Nigel E. Hussey. "Anomalous vortex liquid in charge-ordered cuprate superconductors." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 7 (February 12, 2021): e2016275118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016275118.

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The interplay between charge order and d-wave superconductivity in high-Tc cuprates remains an open question. While mounting evidence from spectroscopic probes indicates that charge order competes with superconductivity, to date little is known about the impact of charge order on charge transport in the mixed state, when vortices are present. Here we study the low-temperature electrical resistivity of three distinctly different cuprate families under intense magnetic fields, over a broad range of hole doping and current excitations. We find that the electronic transport in the doping regime where long-range charge order is known to be present is characterized by a nonohmic resistivity, the identifying feature of an anomalous vortex liquid. The field and temperature range in which this nonohmic behavior occurs indicates that the presence of long-range charge order is closely related to the emergence of this anomalous vortex liquid, near a vortex solid boundary that is defined by the excitation current in the T→ 0 limit. Our findings further suggest that this anomalous vortex liquid, a manifestation of fragile superconductivity with a suppressed critical current density, is ubiquitous in the high-field state of charge-ordered cuprates.

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GORYO, J. "VORTEX IN CHIRAL SUPERCONDUCTING STATE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 10n11 (May 10, 2001): 1617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201006124.

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We have investigated the vortex in chiral superconductors, especially in p-wave case. In chiral superconductors the Cooper pair has orbital angular momentum hence U(1), parity (P) and time reversal symmetry (T) are broken simultaneously. We have found that the vortex has fractional charge and fractional angular momentum which comes from P- and T-violation. The fractionalization of the angular momentum suggests that the vortex could be an anyon which obeys the fractional statistics. We have also pointed out that the electric field is induced near the vortex core and non-trivial electromagnetic phenomena are expected to occur.

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4

Kumagai, Ken-ichi, Kosuke Kakuyanagi, Koji Nozaki, and Yuji Matsuda. "Charging Effects of Vortex Core in High Temperature Superconductors Probed by Nuclear Quadrupole Interaction." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 57, no. 6-7 (July 1, 2002): 488–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2002-6-736.

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From high resolution measurements of the nuclear quadrupole frequencies we obtain experimental evidence that a vortex in high Tc superconductors (HTSC) traps a finite electric charge. In slightly overdoped YBa2Cu3O7 the vortex is negatively charged by trapping electrons, while in underdoped YBa2Cu4O8 it is positively charged by expelling electrons. The sign of the trapped charge is opposite to the sign predicted by the conventional BCS theory. Moreover, in both materials the deviation of the magnitude of the charge from the theory is significant. These features can be attributed to the novel electronic structure of the vortex in HTSC

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5

Lee, Dung-Hai. "Charge-Vortex Binding, Fractional Quantum-Hall Effect and Anyon Superconductivity." International Journal of Modern Physics B 05, no. 01n02 (January 1991): 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979291000250.

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I review the concept of statistics transmutation in two dimensions and apply it to the understanding of Fractional quantum-Hall effect and anyon superconductivity. The relevance of the anyon model to copper-oxide superconductors is also discussed.

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Eschrig, M., and J. A. Sauls. "Charge dynamics of vortex cores in layered chiral triplet superconductors." New Journal of Physics 11, no. 7 (July 17, 2009): 075009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/11/7/075009.

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7

CHEN, YAN, Z. D. WANG, and C. S. TING. "NOVEL VORTEX STRIPE PHASE UNDER STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD IN HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 19, no. 01n03 (January 30, 2005): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797920502786x.

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The nature of vortex structure in the mixed state of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) is investigated by solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations with consideration of competition between antiferromagnetic (AF) and d-wave superconductivity (DSC) orders. By varying the applied magnetic field and temperature, the geometry of vortex structure can take two different forms: conventional vortex lattice (triangular or square), or vortex stripe phases where all the order parameters including spin density wave, charge density wave and superconducting order exhibit stripe-like behavior. This novel vortex stripe phases may show up at low temperature and adjacent to upper critical field H c2 Phase diagram of temperature dependence of H c2 will be presented. Our results may shed light on the understanding of the low-temperature H c2 anomalies in some HTS. New experiments are proposed to test our predictions.

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Ye, Xiao-Shan, and Yong-Jun Liu. "Vortex core shrinking and charge oscillation effects in multi-layered superconductors." Physica C: Superconductivity 483 (December 2012): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2012.06.006.

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9

̆Simánek, E. "Vortex-charge interaction and Aharonov-Casher effect in two-dimensional superconductors." Physical Review B 55, no. 5 (February 1, 1997): 2772–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.55.2772.

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10

Khalil, Ali E. "Charge carrier dynamics and the critical vortex velocity in high-Tc superconductors." Philosophical Magazine B 79, no. 10 (October 1999): 1703–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13642819908218333.

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Sergeev, Andrei, and Michael Reizer. "Entropy-based theory of thermomagnetic phenomena." International Journal of Modern Physics B 35, no. 18 (July 14, 2021): 2150190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979221501903.

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We show that in the linear response approximation only entropy provides coupling between thermal and electric phenomena. The dissipationless quantum currents — magnetization, superconducting, persistent and topological edge currents — do not produce and transfer entropy and may be excluded from final formulas for thermomagnetic coefficients. The magnetization energy flux, [Formula: see text], in crossed electric and magnetic fields strongly modifies the Poynting vector in magnetic materials and metamaterials, but do not contribute to the heat current. Calculating entropy fluxes of fluctuating Cooper pairs in pure and disordered superconductors, we obtained the fluctuation Nernst coefficient proportional to [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] is the Fermi energy). We also introduce the thermomagnetic entropy per unit charge and derive the Nernst coefficient proportional to the difference of the thermoelectric and thermomagnetic entropies. This explains the Sondheimer cancellation and high sensitivity of thermomagnetic phenomena to correlations. In 2D superconductors, the transport entropy transferred by a vortex moving through the background formed by vortex–antivortex pairs is the configuration entropy of [Formula: see text], which strongly exceeds the intrinsic entropy of vortex core. Beyond the linear response, the nonentropic forces can lead to phenomena unexpected from thermodynamics, such as vortex attraction to the moving hot spot. Quantum currents do not transfer entropy and may be used as ideal connectors to quantum nanodetectors.

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12

BELICH, H., T. COSTA-SOARES, M. M. FERREIRA, J. A. HELAYËL-NETO, and M. T. D. ORLANDO. "LORENTZ-SYMMETRY VIOLATION AND ELECTRICALLY CHARGED VORTICES IN THE PLANAR REGIME." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 11 (April 30, 2006): 2415–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06030904.

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We start from a Lorentz noninvariant Abelian-Higgs model in 1+3 dimensions, and carry out its dimensional reduction to D = 1+2. The planar model resulting thereof is composed by a Maxwell—Chern—Simons–Proca gauge sector, a massive scalar sector, and a mixing term (involving the fixed background, vμ) that realizes Lorentz violation for the reduced model. Vortex-type solutions of the planar model are investigated, revealing charged vortex configurations that recover the usual Nielsen–Olesen configuration in the asymptotic regime. The Aharonov–Casher Effect in layered superconductors, that shows interference of neutral particles with a magnetic moment moving around a line charge, is also studied. Our charged vortex solutions exhibit a screened electric field that induces the same phase shift as the one caused by the charged wire.

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13

Shi, Zhenzhong, P. G. Baity, T. Sasagawa, and Dragana Popović. "Vortex phase diagram and the normal state of cuprates with charge and spin orders." Science Advances 6, no. 7 (February 2020): eaay8946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay8946.

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The phase diagram of underdoped cuprates in a magnetic field (H) is key to understanding the anomalous normal state of these high-temperature superconductors. However, the upper critical field (Hc2), the extent of superconducting (SC) phase with vortices, and the role of charge orders at high H remain controversial. Here we study stripe-ordered La-214, i.e., cuprates in which charge orders are most pronounced and zero-field SC transition temperatures Tc0 are lowest. This enables us to explore the vortex phases in a previously inaccessible energy scale window. By combining linear and nonlinear transport techniques sensitive to vortex matter, we determine the T − H phase diagram, directly detect Hc2, and reveal novel properties of the high-field ground state. Our results demonstrate that quantum fluctuations and disorder play a key role as T → 0, while the high-field ground state is likely a metal, not an insulator, due to the presence of stripes.

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14

Khalil, Ali E. "Charge carrier dynamics and the critical vortex velocity in high-T c superconductors." Philosophical Magazine B 79, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 1703–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014186399256510.

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15

OIKONOMOU, V. K. "ONE-DIMENSIONAL SUPERSYMMETRIC ALGEBRAS IN COLOR SUPERCONDUCTORS AND REISSNER–NORDSTRÖM–ANTI-DE SITTER GRAVITATIONAL SYSTEMS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 28, no. 19 (July 30, 2013): 1350090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x13500905.

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We study two fermionic systems that have an underlying supersymmetric structure, namely a color superconductor and Dirac fermion in a Reissner–Nordström–anti-de Sitter gravitational background. In the chiral limit of the color superconductor, the localized fermionic zero modes around the vortex form an N = 2 with zero central charge d = 1 quantum algebra, with all the operators being Fredholm. We compute the Witten index of this algebra and we find an unbroken supersymmetry. The fermionic gravitational system in the chiral limit too, has two underlying unbroken N = 2, d = 1 supersymmetric algebras. The unbroken supersymmetry in the later is guaranteed by the existence of fermionic quasinormal modes in the Reissner–Nordström–anti-de Sitter background. In this case the operators are not Fredholm and regularized indices are deployed.

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16

GAO, YI-TIAN, XIAO-GE XU, and BO TIAN. "VARIABLE-COEFFICIENT FORCED BURGERS SYSTEM IN NONLINEAR FLUID MECHANICS AND ITS POSSIBLY OBSERVABLE EFFECTS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 14, no. 09 (November 2003): 1207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183103005340.

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The forced Burgers equation works as a testing ground for a real turbulence, and as the qualitative model for a wide variety of problems including charge density waves, vortex lines in superconductors, disordered solids and epitaxial growth, etc. Its variable-coefficient generalizations call for better modeling of the physical situations. In this paper, we investigate a variable-coefficient generalization of the forced Burgers equation, and obtain several sets of exact soliton-like and other exact analytic solutions, via the extension of a generalized hyperbolic-function method with computerized symbolic computation. We also discuss the Wu method. We find some possibly observable effects, which might be discovered with the relevant experiments.

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17

Ichioka, Masanori, Mitsuaki Takigawa, and Kazushige Machida. "Vortex core states in high-Tc superconductors with induced incommensurate spin and charge density waves." Physica C: Superconductivity 426-431 (October 2005): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2005.01.016.

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18

OGATA, MASAO. "Electronic States and Mixing of Different Symmetry or Antiferromagnetism in Vortex Cores in dx2-y2-wave Superconductivity." International Journal of Modern Physics B 13, no. 29n31 (December 20, 1999): 3560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979299003428.

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The microscopic structure of vortices in high-Tc superconductors is studied using the two-dimensional t-J model. The spatial dependences of order parameters are determined self-consistently using the Gutzwiller approximation, in which the effect of correlation is into account. In the high-doping region, the pair potential has d x2-y2-wave nature and the local density of states in the vicinity of the core shows a zero-energy peak. However, in the low-doping region, a spatially oscillating (extended) s-wave-type order parameter is locally induced around the vortex core. As a result, the local density of states near the core shows a splitting of the zero-energy peak. This gives a possible explanation for the experimental data of scanning tunneling spectroscopy for YBCO. The possibility of the antiferromagnetic vortex core is also studied by modifying the Gutzwiller approximation. It is found that, close to the boundary to the antiferromagnetically ordered state, the antiferromagnetic correlation develops inside the vortex core, even if the bulk state is the pure d-wave state. In this case the local density of states near the core does not have a zero-energy peak but instead shows a gap-like feature, which can be observed experimentally. Finally the sign change of the charge of the vortex core as a function of the doping rate is found.

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19

Manabe, Daichi, and Hiroyasu Koizumi. "Magnetic field induced charge order in cuprate superconductors: an explanation by spin-vortex-induced loop currents." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1148 (December 2018): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1148/1/012009.

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20

Baidya, Prakiran, Vivas Bagwe, Pratap Raychaudhuri, and Aveek Bid. "Correlated carrier dynamics in a superconducting van der Waals heterostructure." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 18 (May 2, 2022): 183101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0087090.

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A study of Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transitions in clean, layered two-dimensional superconductors promises to provide insight into a host of novel phenomena like re-entrant vortex-dynamics, underlying unconventional metallic phases, and topological superconductivity. In this Letter, we report the study of charge carrier dynamics in a novel two-dimensional superconducting van der Waals heterostructure comprising of monolayer MoS2 and few-layer NbSe2 ([Formula: see text] nm). Using low-frequency conductance fluctuation spectroscopy, we show that the superconducting transition in the system is percolative. We present a phenomenological picture of different phases across the transition correlating with the evaluated noise. The analysis of the higher order statistics of fluctuation reveals non-Gaussian components around the transition indicative of long-range correlation in the system.

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21

Bonn, D. A., Janice C. Wynn, Brian W. Gardner, Yu-Ju Lin, Ruixing Liang, W. N. Hardy, J. R. Kirtley, and K. A. Moler. "A limit on spin–charge separation in high-Tc superconductors from the absence of a vortex-memory effect." Nature 414, no. 6866 (December 2001): 887–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/414887a.

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22

Wiese, Kay Jörg. "Theory and experiments for disordered elastic manifolds, depinning, avalanches, and sandpiles." Reports on Progress in Physics 85, no. 8 (April 1, 2022): 086502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ac4648.

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Abstract Domain walls in magnets, vortex lattices in superconductors, contact lines at depinning, and many other systems can be modeled as an elastic system subject to quenched disorder. The ensuing field theory possesses a well-controlled perturbative expansion around its upper critical dimension. Contrary to standard field theory, the renormalization group (RG) flow involves a function, the disorder correlator Δ(w), and is therefore termed the functional RG. Δ(w) is a physical observable, the auto-correlation function of the center of mass of the elastic manifold. In this review, we give a pedagogical introduction into its phenomenology and techniques. This allows us to treat both equilibrium (statics), and depinning (dynamics). Building on these techniques, avalanche observables are accessible: distributions of size, duration, and velocity, as well as the spatial and temporal shape. Various equivalences between disordered elastic manifolds, and sandpile models exist: an elastic string driven at a point and the Oslo model; disordered elastic manifolds and Manna sandpiles; charge density waves and Abelian sandpiles or loop-erased random walks. Each of the mappings between these systems requires specific techniques, which we develop, including modeling of discrete stochastic systems via coarse-grained stochastic equations of motion, super-symmetry techniques, and cellular automata. Stronger than quadratic nearest-neighbor interactions lead to directed percolation, and non-linear surface growth with additional Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) terms. On the other hand, KPZ without disorder can be mapped back to disordered elastic manifolds, either on the directed polymer for its steady state, or a single particle for its decay. Other topics covered are the relation between functional RG and replica symmetry breaking, and random-field magnets. Emphasis is given to numerical and experimental tests of the theory.

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Morisaki, Tsubasa, Hikaru Wakaura, and Hiroyasu Koizumi. "Effect of Rashba Spin–Orbit Interaction on the Stability of Spin-Vortex-Induced Loop Current in Hole-Doped Cuprate Superconductors: A Scenario for the Appearance of Magnetic Field Enhanced Charge Order and Fermi Surface Reconstruction." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 86, no. 10 (October 15, 2017): 104710. http://dx.doi.org/10.7566/jpsj.86.104710.

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24

Saniga, Metod. "A Torsion-Induced Coupling Between Electric and Magnetic Fields in the Solar Convection Zone." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 157 (1993): 269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900174261.

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A striking formal analogy between sunspots and the type II superconductor magnetic vortex has been pointed out by Saniga (1990). On the basis of this similarity, it was shown that, by postulating the existence of a complex-valued scalar field on the Sun (a “Higgs-like field”), many features of sunspots can be reproduced. Here this formal analogy is exploited further to show that the Abelian-Higgs sunspot acquires a non-zero electric charge in the background of a curved space-time endowed with a constant, completely antisymmetric torsion tensor. The space-time torsion is also shown to relate the spot's electric and magnetic fileds.

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25

Klepikova, A. S., O. E. Petukhova, M. R. Popov, N. G. Shelushinina, and T. B. Charikova. "The Interplay of the Charge and Vortex Subsystems in Anisotropic Electron-Doped Superconductor Nd2 – xCexCuO4." Physics of Metals and Metallography 123, no. 2 (February 2022): 114–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031918x22020053.

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26

Yampolskii, S. V., B. J. Baelus, F. M. Peeters, and J. Koláček. "Vortex charge in mesoscopic superconductors." Physical Review B 64, no. 14 (September 21, 2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.64.144511.

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27

Ge, Jian-Feng, Koen M. Bastiaans, Damianos Chatzopoulos, Doohee Cho, Willem O. Tromp, Tjerk Benschop, Jiasen Niu, Genda Gu, and Milan P. Allan. "Single-electron charge transfer into putative Majorana and trivial modes in individual vortices." Nature Communications 14, no. 1 (June 8, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39109-w.

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AbstractMajorana bound states are putative collective excitations in solids that exhibit the self-conjugate property of Majorana fermions—they are their own antiparticles. In iron-based superconductors, zero-energy states in vortices have been reported as potential Majorana bound states, but the evidence remains controversial. Here, we use scanning tunneling noise spectroscopy to study the tunneling process into vortex bound states in the conventional superconductor NbSe2, and in the putative Majorana platform FeTe0.55Se0.45. We find that tunneling into vortex bound states in both cases exhibits charge transfer of a single electron charge. Our data for the zero-energy bound states in FeTe0.55Se0.45 exclude the possibility of Yu–Shiba–Rusinov states and are consistent with both Majorana bound states and trivial vortex bound states. Our results open an avenue for investigating the exotic states in vortex cores and for future Majorana devices, although further theoretical investigations involving charge dynamics and superconducting tips are necessary.

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毕翔宇, 黄俊伟, 秦峰, 邱彩玉, and 袁洪涛. "Superconducting Quantum Oscillation Phenomena in Low-Dimensional Superconductors." Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20212289.

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Low-dimensional superconductor serves as an excellent platform for investigating emergent superconducting quantum oscillation phenomena. The low-dimensional nature of these materials, originating from the finite size which is comparable with the superconducting coherence length, indicates that the corresponding physical properties will be constrained by quantum confinement effects. Importantly, some of the frontiers and hot issues in low-dimensional superconductors, including the anomalous metal state during the superconductor-insulator transition, spin-triplet pairing mechanism in superconductors, thermal-excited and electrical current-excited vortex motion dynamics in superconductors, and the “charge-vortex duality” in quantum dot materials and superconducting nanowires, are strongly correlated to the superconducting quantum oscillation effects. In recent years, all the above-mentioned topics have achieved breakthroughs based on the studies of superconducting quantum oscillation effects in low-dimensional superconductors. Generally, the periodicity and amplitude of the oscillation can clearly demonstrate the relation between the geometric structure of superconductors and various superconducting mechanisms. In particular, superconducting quantum oscillation phenomena are always correlated with the quantization of magnetic fluxoid and their dynamics, the pairing mechanism of superconducting electrons, and the excitation and fluctuation of superconducting systems. In this review article, three types of typical superconducting quantum oscillation effects observed in low-dimensional superconductors will be discussed from the aspects of research methods, theoretical expectations, and experimental results. a) The Little-Parks effect is the superconducting version of the Aharonov-Bohm effect, whose phase, amplitude and period are all helpful for the study of superconductivity: the phase directly reflects the pairing mechanism in superconductors, the amplitude can be used for investigating the anomalous metal state during the transition from superconductor to insulator, and the period provides information of the sample geometry. b) The vortex motion effect is excited by thermal or electrical current fluctuation, and the corresponding oscillation phenomena show distinct temperature-dependent amplitude compared with the Little-Parks effect. c) The Weber blockade effect originates from the magnetic flux moving across the superconducting nanowire, and such an effect provides unique non-monotonic critical current I_C under magnetic field in I-V characteristics for superconductor-based field-effect transistors. The prospects of the above-mentioned quantum oscillation effects of the low-dimensional superconductors for application are also discussed at the end of this review, including quantum computing, device physics and low-temperature physics.

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Zhou, Sen, and Ziqiang Wang. "Chern Fermi pocket, topological pair density wave, and charge-4e and charge-6e superconductivity in kagomé superconductors." Nature Communications 13, no. 1 (November 26, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34832-2.

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AbstractThe recent discovery of novel charge density wave (CDW) and pair density wave (PDW) in kagomé lattice superconductors AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs) hints at unexpected time-reversal symmetry breaking correlated and topological states whose physical origin and broader implications are not understood. Here, we make conceptual advances toward a mechanism behind the striking observations and new predictions for novel macroscopic phase coherent quantum states. We show that the metallic CDW state with circulating loop currents is a doped orbital Chern insulator near van Hove filling. The emergent Chern Fermi pockets (CFPs) carry concentrated Berry curvature and orbital magnetic moment. We find that the pairing of electrons on the CFPs leads to a superconducting state with an emergent vortex-antivortex lattice and the formation of a complex triple-Q PDW. A plethora of correlated and topological states emerge, including a never-before-encountered chiral topological PDW superconductor, a loop-current pseudogap phase, and vestigial charge-4e and charge-6e superconductivity in staged melting of the vortex-antivortex lattice and hexatic liquid crystal. Our findings reveal previously unknown nature of the superconducting state of a current-carrying Chern metal, with broad implications for correlated and topological materials.

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Auerbach, Assa, and Daniel Arovas. "Hall anomaly and moving vortex charge in layered superconductors." SciPost Physics 8, no. 4 (April 17, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.21468/scipostphys.8.4.061.

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Magnetotransport theory of layered superconductors in the flux flow steady state is revisited. Longstanding controversies concerning observed Hall sign reversals are resolved. The conductivity separates into a Bardeen-Stephen vortex core contribution, and a Hall conductivity due to moving vortex charge. This charge, which is responsible for Hall anomaly, diverges logarithmically at weak magnetic field. Its values can be extracted from magetoresistivity data by extrapolation of vortex core Hall angle from the normal phase. Hall anomalies in YBa_22Cu_33O_{7}7, Bi_22Sr_22CaCu_22O_{8-x}8−x, and Nd_{1.85}1.85Ce_{0.15}0.15CuO_{4-y}4−y data are consistent with theoretical estimates based on doping dependence of London penetration depths. In the appendices, we derive the Streda formula for the hydrodynamical Hall conductivity, and refute previously assumed relevance of Galilean symmetry to Hall anomalies.

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Chung, Suk Bum, and Se Kwon Kim. "Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition transport in spin-triplet superconductor." SciPost Physics Core 5, no. 1 (January 27, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.21468/scipostphyscore.5.1.003.

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As the spin-triplet superconductivity arises from the condensation of spinful Cooper pairs, its full characterization requires not only charge ordering, but also spin ordering. For a two-dimensional (2D) easy-plane spin-triplet superconductor, this na\"{i}vely seems to suggest the possibility of two distinct Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase transitions, one in the charge sector and the other in the spin sector. However, it has been recognized that there are actually three possible BKT transitions, involving the deconfinement of, respectively, the conventional vortices, the merons and the half-quantum vortices with vorticity in both the charge and the spin current. By considering equal-spin-pairing spin-triplet superconductors with bulk spin degeneracy, we show how all the transitions can be characterized by the relation between the voltage drop and the spin-polarized current bias. This study reveals that, due to the hitherto unexamined transport of half-quantum vortices, there is an upper bound on the spin supercurrent in a quasi-long range ordered spin-triplet superconductor, which provides a means for half-quantum vortex detection via transport measurements and deeper understanding of fluctuation effects in superconductor-based spintronic devices.

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Wu, Yueshen, Qi Wang, Xiang Zhou, Jinghui Wang, Peng Dong, Jiadian He, Yifan Ding, et al. "Nonreciprocal charge transport in topological kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5." npj Quantum Materials 7, no. 1 (November 1, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41535-022-00516-9.

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AbstractNonreciprocal charge transport phenomena are widely studied in two-dimensional superconductors, which demonstrate unidirectional-anisotropy magnetoresistances as a result of symmetry breaking. Here, we report a strong nonreciprocal transport phenomenon in superconducting CsV3Sb5 thin flakes. The second harmonic voltages, mainly originating from the rectification effect of vortex motion, are unambiguously developed with in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic fields, and their magnitudes are comparable to those in noncentrosymmetric superconductors. The second harmonic magnetoresistances split into several peaks and some of them reverse their signs by ramping the magnetic field or the current within the superconducting transition. The nonreciprocity suggests a strong asymmetry in CsV3Sb5. The centrosymmetric structure and symmetric electronic phases in CsV3Sb5 can hardly induce the distinct nonreciprocal transport phenomenon, which could be correlated to a symmetry breaking from an unconventional superconducting order parameter symmetry.

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Zhu, Shiyu, Lingyuan Kong, Lu Cao, Hui Chen, Michał Papaj, Shixuan Du, Yuqing Xing, et al. "Nearly quantized conductance plateau of vortex zero mode in an iron-based superconductor." Science, December 12, 2019, eaax0274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aax0274.

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Majorana zero modes (MZMs) are spatially-localized zero-energy fractional quasiparticles with non-Abelian braiding statistics that hold promise for topological quantum computing. Owing to the particle-antiparticle equivalence, MZMs exhibit quantized conductance at low temperature. By utilizing variable-tunnel-coupled scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we study tunneling conductance of vortex bound states on FeTe0.55Se0.45 superconductors. We report observations of conductance plateaus as a function of tunnel coupling for zero-energy vortex bound states with values close to or even reaching the 2e2/h quantum conductance (here e is the electron charge and h is Planck’s constant). In contrast, no plateaus were observed on either finite energy vortex bound states or in the continuum of electronic states outside the superconducting gap. This behavior of the zero-mode conductance supports the existence of MZMs in FeTe0.55Se0.45.

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Hosseinabadi, Hossein, and Mehdi Kargarian. "Vortex bound states of charge and magnetic fluctuations induced topological superconductors in heterostructures." Physical Review B 100, no. 14 (October 16, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.144507.

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Zhang, Xuefeng, Jianfa Zhao, Huijuan Zhao, Luchuan Shi, Sihao Deng, Jie Chen, Lunhua He, Zhiwei Hu, Changqing Jin, and Jing Zhu. "Atomic origin of the coexistence of high critical current density and high Tc in CuBa2Ca3Cu4O10+δ superconductors." NPG Asia Materials 14, no. 1 (June 10, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41427-022-00396-2.

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AbstractFor cuprate superconductors, a high critical transition temperature (Tc) can be realized in compounds containing multiple CuO2 layers in the unit cell, while a high critical current density (Jc) is rarely sustained above liquid nitrogen temperature. The CuBa2Ca3Cu4O10+δ (Cu-1234) superconductors synthesized under high oxygen pressure incredibly exhibit high Tc (~117 K) and high Jc (>104 A/cm2, 100 K) values. Here, the “double high” traits of Cu-1234 were investigated with advanced scanning transmission electron microscopy. It was revealed that ordering vacancies and plate-like 90° microdomains induced efficient microstructure pinning centers that suppressed vortex flux flow and enhanced Jc. Furthermore, metallic charge-reservoir blocks [Ba2CuO3+δ] were composed of unique compressed [CuO6] octahedra, which induced many holes with 2pz symmetry that significantly decreased the superconducting anisotropy and dramatically enhanced the interlayer coupling that guaranteed a high Jc. On the other hand, optimally doped CuO2 planes inside the thick superconducting blocks [Ca3Cu4O8] maintained a high Tc. Our results are applicable to design and synthesis of new superconductors with “double high” traits.

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Zhang, Enze, Xian Xu, Yi-Chao Zou, Linfeng Ai, Xiang Dong, Ce Huang, Pengliang Leng, et al. "Nonreciprocal superconducting NbSe2 antenna." Nature Communications 11, no. 1 (November 6, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19459-5.

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Abstract The rise of two-dimensional (2D) crystalline superconductors has opened a new frontier of investigating unconventional quantum phenomena in low dimensions. However, despite the enormous advances achieved towards understanding the underlying physics, practical device applications like sensors and detectors using 2D superconductors are still lacking. Here, we demonstrate nonreciprocal antenna devices based on atomically thin NbSe2. Reversible nonreciprocal charge transport is unveiled in 2D NbSe2 through multi-reversal antisymmetric second harmonic magnetoresistance isotherms. Based on this nonreciprocity, our NbSe2 antenna devices exhibit a reversible nonreciprocal sensitivity to externally alternating current (AC) electromagnetic waves, which is attributed to the vortex flow in asymmetric pinning potentials driven by the AC driving force. More importantly, a successful control of the nonreciprocal sensitivity of the antenna devices has been achieved by applying electromagnetic waves with different frequencies and amplitudes. The device’s response increases with increasing electromagnetic wave amplitude and exhibits prominent broadband sensing from 5 to 900 MHz.

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van der Beek, Cornelis J., Marcin Konczykowski, Shigeru Kasahara, Takahito Terashima, Ryuji Okazaki, Takasada Shibauchi, and Yuji Matsuda. "Quasiparticle Scattering Induced by Charge Doping of Iron-Pnictide Superconductors Probed by Collective Vortex Pinning." Physical Review Letters 105, no. 26 (December 22, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.105.267002.

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Lee, K. S., J. J. Kim, S. H. Joo, M. S. Park, J. H. Yoo, Genda Gu, and Jinho Lee. "Atomic-scale interpretation of the quantum oscillations in cuprate superconductors." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, March 10, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/acc379.

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Abstract Cuprate superconductors display unusual features in both k space and real space as the superconductivity is suppressed - a broken Fermi surface, charge density wave (CDW), and pseudogap. Contrarily, recent transport measurements on cuprates under high magnetic fields report quantum oscillations (QO), which imply rather a usual Fermi liquid behavior. To settle the disagreement, we investigated Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ under a magnetic field in an atomic scale. A particle-hole (p-h) asymmetrically dispersing density of states (DOS) modulation was found at the vortices on a slightly underdoped sample, while on a highly underdoped sample, no trace of the vortex was found even at 13 T. However, a similar p-h asymmetric DOS modulation persisted in almost an entire field of view (FOV). From this observation, we infer an alternative explanation of the QO results by providing a unifying picture where the aforementioned seemingly conflicting evidence from ARPES, SI-STM, and magneto-transport measurements can be understood solely in terms of the DOS modulations.

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Halász, Gábor B. "Fractional magnetoresistance oscillations in spin-triplet superconducting rings." Communications Physics 6, no. 1 (June 9, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42005-023-01246-5.

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AbstractHalf-quantum vortices in spin-triplet superconductors are predicted to host Majorana zero modes and may provide a viable platform for topological quantum computation. Recent works also suggested that, in thin mesoscopic rings, the superconducting pairing symmetry can be probed via Little-Parks-like magnetoresistance oscillations of periodicity Φ0 = h/2e that persist below the critical temperature. Here we use the London limit of Ginzburg-Landau theory to study these magnetoresistance oscillations resulting from thermal vortex tunneling in spin-triplet superconducting rings. For a range of temperatures in the presence of disorder, we find magnetoresistance oscillations with an emergent fractional periodicity Φ0/n, where the integer n ≥ 3 is entirely determined by the ratio of the spin and charge superfluid densities. These fractional oscillations can unambiguously confirm the spin-triplet nature of superconductivity and directly reveal the tunneling of half-quantum vortices in real-world candidate materials.

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Masuko, Makoto, Minoru Kawamura, Ryutaro Yoshimi, Motoaki Hirayama, Yuya Ikeda, Ryota Watanabe, James Jun He, et al. "Nonreciprocal charge transport in topological superconductor candidate Bi2Te3/PdTe2 heterostructure." npj Quantum Materials 7, no. 1 (October 30, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41535-022-00514-x.

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AbstractIn a hybrid system of topological insulator (TI)/superconductor (SC), the proximity-induced topological superconductivity is expected to appear at the interface. Here we propose and demonstrate that a TI/SC hybrid Bi2Te3/PdTe2 heterostructure serves as a platform for exploring topological superconductivity with various features: all made of tellurium compounds, epitaxial growth, and a small charge transfer interface. In the Bi2Te3/PdTe2 heterostructure films, we observe large nonreciprocal charge transport near the superconducting transition temperature under a transverse in-plane magnetic field. The observation indicates the interplay between the topological surface state and superconductivity, suggesting that the Bi2Te3/PdTe2 heterostructure is a candidate for a topological superconductor. Also observed is an unexpected sign reversal of the nonreciprocal coefficient when the in-plane magnetic field is slightly tilted toward the out-of-plane direction. The analysis reveals that the sign reversal occurs with the change of dominant vortex type, that is, the change from spontaneous vortices to external-field induced ones.

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41

Sharma, Himanshu, Zhenchao Wen, and Masaki Mizuguchi. "Spin Seebeck effect mediated reversal of vortex-Nernst effect in superconductor-ferromagnet bilayers." Scientific Reports 13, no. 1 (March 17, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-31420-2.

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AbstractWe report on the observation of sign reversal of vortex-Nernst effect in epitaxial NbN/Fe bilayers deposited on MgO (001) substrates. Strong coupling between vortex magnetisation and ferromagnetic magnetisation at the NbN/Fe bilayer interface is presented. In NbN/Fe bilayer thin films an apparent sign reversal of vortex-Nernst signal under a temperature gradient with magnetic field and temperature is observed when the thickness of Fe is increased up to 5 nm. This reversal of the vortex-Nernst effect is associated with the enhancement of the spin Seebeck effects (SSE) near Tc due to coherence peak effect (CPE) and strong coupling of vortex magnetisation and ferromagnetic magnetisation at the interface of the NbN/Fe bilayer. The observed large SSE via inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) is due to the CPE below and close to TC, highlighting the high spin to charge conversion efficiency of NbN in this region. This work may contribute to the development of superconducting spintronic devices by engineering the coupling of the superconductor/ferromagnet interface.

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Wu, Tao, Hadrien Mayaffre, Steffen Krämer, Mladen Horvatić, Claude Berthier, Philip L. Kuhns, Arneil P. Reyes, et al. "Emergence of charge order from the vortex state of a high-temperature superconductor." Nature Communications 4, no. 1 (July 3, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3113.

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Liang, Zuowei, Xingyuan Hou, Fan Zhang, Wanru Ma, Ping Wu, Zongyuan Zhang, Fanghang Yu, et al. "Three-Dimensional Charge Density Wave and Surface-Dependent Vortex-Core States in a Kagome Superconductor CsV3Sb5." Physical Review X 11, no. 3 (August 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.11.031026.

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Rappoport, Tatiana G., Mona Berciu, and Boldizsár Jankó. "Effect of the Abrikosov vortex phase on spin and charge states in magnetic semiconductor-superconductor hybrids." Physical Review B 74, no. 9 (September 14, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.74.094502.

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Lemut, G., M. J. Pacholski, İ. Adagideli, and C. W. J. Beenakker. "Effect of charge renormalization on the electric and thermoelectric transport along the vortex lattice of a Weyl superconductor." Physical Review B 100, no. 3 (July 15, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.035417.

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46

Lopes, P. V., Shyam Sundar, S. Salem-Sugui, Wenshan Hong, Huiqian Luo, and L. Ghivelder. "Second magnetization peak, anomalous field penetration, and Josephson vortices in KCa$$_2$$Fe$$_4$$As$$_4$$F$$_2$$ bilayer pnictide superconductor." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (November 27, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24012-z.

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AbstractWe performed magnetization measurements in a single crystal of the anisotropic bilayer pnictide superconductor KCa$$_2$$ 2 Fe$$_4$$ 4 As$$_4$$ 4 F$$_2$$ 2 , with $$T_c\;$$ T c $$\simeq$$ ≃ 34 K, for $$H$$ H $$\parallel$$ ‖ $$c$$ c -axis and $$H$$ H $$\parallel$$ ‖ $$ab$$ ab -planes. A second magnetization peak (SMP) was observed in the isothermal M(H) curves measured below 16 K for $$H$$ H $$\parallel$$ ‖ $$ab$$ ab -planes. A peak in the temperature variation of the critical current density, $$J_{c}$$ J c (T), at 16 K, strongly suggests the emergence of Josephson vortices at lower temperatures, which leads to the SMP in the sample. In addition, it is noticed that the appearance of Josephson vortices below 16 K renders easy magnetic flux penetration. A detailed vortex dynamics study suggests that the SMP can be explained in terms of elastic pinning to plastic pinning crossover. Furthermore, contrary to the common understanding, the temperature variation of the first peak field, $$H_1$$ H 1 , below and above 16 K, behaves non-monotonically. A highly disordered vortex phase, governed by plastic pinning, has been observed between 17 and 23 K, within a field region around an extremely large first peak field. Pinning force scaling suggests that the point defects are the dominant source of pinning for H$$\parallel$$ ‖ $$ab$$ ab -planes, whereas, for H $$\parallel$$ ‖ $$c$$ c -axis, point defects in addition to surface defects are at play. Such disorder contributes to the pinning due to the variation in charge carrier mean free path, $$\delta l$$ δ l -pinning. Moreover, the large $$J_c$$ J c observed in our study is consistent with the literature, which advocates this material for high magnetic field applications.

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Mintairov, Alexander M., Dmitrii V. Lebedev, Alexei S. Vlasov, Alexei O. Orlov, Gregory L. Snider, and Steven A. Blundell. "Nano-photoluminescence of natural anyon molecules and topological quantum computation." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (November 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00859-6.

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AbstractThe proposal of fault-tolerant quantum computations, which promise to dramatically improve the operation of quantum computers and to accelerate the development of the compact hardware for them, is based on topological quantum field theories, which rely on the existence in Nature of physical systems described by a Lagrangian containing a non-Abelian (NA) topological term. These are solid-state systems having two-dimensional electrons, which are coupled to magnetic-flux-quanta vortexes, forming complex particles, known as anyons. Topological quantum computing (TQC) operations thus represent a physical realization of the mathematical operations involving NA representations of a braid group Bn, generated by a set of n localized anyons, which can be braided and fused using a “tweezer” and controlled by a detector. For most of the potential TQC material systems known so far, which are 2D-electron–gas semiconductor structure at high magnetic field and a variety of hybrid superconductor/topological-material heterostructures, the realization of anyon localization versus tweezing and detecting meets serious obstacles, chief among which are the necessity of using current control, i.e., mobile particles, of the TQC operations and high density electron puddles (containing thousands of electrons) to generate a single vortex. Here we demonstrate a novel system, in which these obstacles can be overcome, and in which vortexes are generated by a single electron. This is a ~ 150 nm size many electron InP/GaInP2 self-organized quantum dot, in which molecules, consisting of a few localized anyons, are naturally formed and exist at zero external magnetic field. We used high-spatial-resolution scanning magneto-photoluminescence spectroscopy measurements of a set of the dots having five and six electrons, together with many-body quantum mechanical calculations to demonstrate spontaneous formation of the anyon magneto-electron particles (eν) having fractional charge ν = n/k, where n = 1–4 and k = 3–15 are the number of electrons and vortexes, respectively, arranged in molecular structures having a built-in (internal) magnetic field of 6–12 T. Using direct imaging of the molecular configurations we observed fusion and braiding of eν-anyons under photo-excitation and revealed the possibility of using charge sensing for their control. Our investigations show that InP/GaInP2 anyon-molecule QDs, which have intrinsic transformations of localized eν-anyons compatible with TQC operations and capable of being probed by charge sensing, are very promising for the realization of TQC.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Vortex-charge in superconductors'

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