Academic literature on the topic 'Voluntary associations'

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Journal articles on the topic "Voluntary associations"

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Beamish, Rob. "Sport Executives and Voluntary Associations: A Review of the Literature and Introduction to Some Theoretical Issues." Sociology of Sport Journal 2, no. 3 (September 1985): 218–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2.3.218.

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Since the overwhelming majority of sport opportunity in Canada is enjoyed, organized, and administered by voluntary associations, it is surprising that so little research has been done in this area. This paper reviews the voluntary association literature in general and the sport voluntary association literature in particular. Broadly stated, the general literature shows that voluntary association membership reflects the normative order and no matter what indicator of socioeconomic status is used, there is a direct relationship between SES and participation in voluntary associations. The same, in an accentuated form, is found in sport associations. Furthermore, instrumental associations, both as a whole and in sport, are more dominated by upper SES personnel than are expressive associations. Concerning gender relations, the review shows that the exclusion of women from so many spheres of social life is found with equal severity in the voluntary association literature as a whole and in the sport literature in particular. The final section of the paper examines how power and the control over rules and resources can be used to explain the existing patterns of voluntary association in Canadian sport.
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Kankainen, Tomi. "Voluntary associations and trust in Finland." Finnish Journal of Social Research 2 (December 15, 2009): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.51815/fjsr.110685.

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The international comparison shows that particularly in the Nordic countries, people participate in associations on a vast scale. However, it is also important to note that while the old politicalideological associations have lost some of their importance in Finland, several new kinds of associations have emerged. Thus it is relevant to ask whether connections between trust and association activity vary between different types of associations. Empirical analysis shows that the members of only certain types of associations – charity associations, sports associations, and cultural associations – were found to be more trusting after various background variables had been elaborated. It was found that, in particular, the number of association memberships has a connection with a stronger level of trust. Even though memberships in associations have a statistically significant link to the trust that people experience, the percentages of variance explained are low.
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Firat, Rengin B., and Jennifer L. Glanville. "Measuring Diversity in Voluntary Association Membership." Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 46, no. 1 (August 20, 2016): 218–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764016661776.

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The membership diversity of voluntary associations is of central interest in the literature investigating the importance of involvement in voluntary associations for civic life. Due to the limited availability of data concerned with the membership composition of voluntary associations, many researchers have adopted a proxy approach that is based on an aggregation of the characteristics of survey respondents who belong to particular types of associations. However, this proxy approach has not yet been validated to assess whether it actually captures voluntary association membership diversity. We address this gap by comparing the proxy approach with a more direct approach for measuring association diversity by using data from the United States Citizenship, Involvement, Democracy Survey and the Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey. Our analyses reveal that the proxy measures are not correlated with direct measures of voluntary association membership diversity.
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Cameron, Sarah. "Civic engagement in times of economic crisis: a cross-national comparative study of voluntary association membership." European Political Science Review 13, no. 3 (February 23, 2021): 265–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773921000060.

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AbstractDo economic crises mobilize or depress civic engagement? This paper examines this question by analysing cross-national trends in voluntary association membership in the context of the global financial crisis. A mobilization hypothesis suggests that an economic crisis would increase membership in voluntary associations, as these associations provide citizens a channel for interest articulation and aggregation facilitating their response to the crisis. A retreat hypothesis, on the other hand, suggests that an economic crisis would depress voluntary association membership, as people have fewer resources to be involved in these associations at a time of crisis. To test these hypotheses, this paper examines data on voluntary association memberships from the World Values Survey in 14 democratic countries, fielded before and after the global financial crisis hit in 2008. The results support the retreat hypothesis. Following the crisis, there was a decline in voluntary association memberships overall and countries harder hit by the crisis were more likely to experience declines. There was no evidence of mobilization among those more vulnerable to the crisis. Rather, the profile of those engaged in voluntary associations was similar before and after the crisis, skewed towards those better off in society, including those with higher education levels, higher incomes, and in paid employment.
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Carapico, Sheila. "Private Voluntary Organizations in Egypt." American Journal of Islam and Society 13, no. 2 (July 1, 1996): 269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v13i2.2321.

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Over the past five years or so, the considerable western interest inthe role played by nongovernmental voluntary associations in Egypt hasbeen reflected in a growing English-language literature on the subject.Researchers tackle the question from a range of perspectives.One approach, relatively state-centered and legalistic, focuses on howCairo manages to control, co-opt, or "corporatize" autonomous organizationsincluding labor and professional syndicates, agricultural and othercooperatives, and private not-for-profit groups. The principle tool for reiningin private voluntary and community associations is the notorious Law32 of 1964. Under Law 32, the Ministry of Social Affairs can interferedirectly in all aspect of associational life-articulation of goals, election ofofficers, pursuit of projects, allocation of funds, and so on. Among the wellknownsecular nonprofit groups with international linkages that have beendenied licenses from the Ministry are the Egyptian Organization of HumanRights and the Arab Women's Solidarity Association. In this legal and policymilieu, many scholars and human rights activists argue that no registeredassociation in Egypt can properly be deemed "nongovernmental."Other analysts, however, accept Cairo's position that the threat of radicalIslam justifies authoritarian restrictions on independent organizations.The second group of studies is inspired partly by these concerns over theradicalization of Islamist associations. Scholars familiar with social, eco­nomic, and political circumstances in the Nile Valley usually try to counteracthysterical mass media portraits of "Muslim terrorists" with inquiries intothe structure, function, membership, activities, and ideologies of a range ofIslamist institutions including welfare and charitable associations. The particularstrength of politicized Islam in the 1990s, this research suggests, restson the capacity of Islamist charities to provide a crucial layer of social servicesto a burgeoning, underemployed, increasingly impoverished population.Opinion is divided, however, on the question of whether this circumstancefavors containment and stability or frustration and insurrection.A third set of studies, sometimes overlooked by scholars, comes fromwithin the Cairo-based donor community, the "development practitioners" ...
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Gartner, William B. "Organizing the Voluntary Association." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 17, no. 2 (January 1993): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104225879301700211.

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This article offers a cursory overview of academic and practitioner-based approaches to understanding the process of creating voluntary associations (e.g., direct action community organizations, unions, and social movements). A model outlining the actions involved in forming a direct action community association Is offered.
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Gulley, William H., and Donato J. Pugliese. "Voluntary Associations: An Annotated Bibliography." Contemporary Sociology 16, no. 6 (November 1987): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2071587.

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McPherson, J. Miller, and Lynn Smith-Lovin. "Sex Segregation in Voluntary Associations." American Sociological Review 51, no. 1 (February 1986): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2095478.

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Jonsson, Gun, and Ingrid Zakrisson. "Organizational Dilemmas in Voluntary Associations." International Journal of Public Administration 28, no. 9-10 (September 2005): 849–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/pad-200067373.

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Heuser, Brian L. "Social Cohesion and Voluntary Associations." Peabody Journal of Education 80, no. 4 (October 2005): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327930pje8004_3.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Voluntary associations"

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Hart, Susan Mary Anne. "Archival acquisition of the records of voluntary associations." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27258.

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While acquisition is a vital responsibility for all archival repositories, generally accepted principles and practices of archival acquisition are sadly lacking in North America. This problem is particularly apparent with regard to the records of voluntary associations, the nature and significance of which are largely unknown to archivists. This thesis studies the problem of, and proposes a system for, archival acquisition of the records of voluntary associations. To begin with, it provides a definition, description, and categorization of voluntary associations, and delineates their life cycle and relationships with other organizations. The thesis subsequently moves on to consider the records-keeping practices of voluntary associations, the relevant acquisition practices of archival repositories, and applicable archival theories of acquisition and appraisal. Ethnographic methodology is used to analyse two voluntary associations, their activities, and their records-keeping practices. Finally it is proposed that archival repositories acquire the records of voluntary associations, that this can be done by existing repositories and through such arrangements as special committees, consortiums of associations, and special repositories, and that a standard procedure be followed by repositories when acquiring the records of a voluntary association.
Arts, Faculty of
Library, Archival and Information Studies (SLAIS), School of
Graduate
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Prince, John, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Reinvigorating the public sphere: The role of voluntary associations." Deakin University. School of Social and International Studies, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051110.114655.

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This thesis examines the key question: can voluntary associations enhance democracy? It tests critical claims made by Habermas and others that voluntary associations have the potential to reinvigorate a public sphere in a state of atrophy. The thesis outlines the major theoretical arguments pertaining to these areas and then presents the results of empirical work within voluntary organisations. Specifically the thesis: Critically examines the concept of the public sphere, being a sphere between the state and civil society and investigates why theorists have advocated voluntary associations, claimed to be the core institutions of civil society, as sites where democratic ideals can be secured; Goes on to examine the concept of civil society and reviews the recent literature that has attempted to define and analyse the role of voluntary associations in contemporary society; Tests empirically the normative ideals that have been advocated on behalf of voluntary associations through the presentation of data obtained using qualitative methodology. The analysis of the data collected during interviews with key employees and members of six voluntary associations in Melbourne, Australia allows for a more informed knowledge regarding the key concepts and themes of the thesis. The thesis ends by directly addressing the following points: whether or not the public sphere is in a state of atrophy; the particular nature of voluntary associations contemporary engagement in the public sphere; and whether voluntary associations can indeed, be sites where democracy can be enhanced and democratic ideals be secured. It is concluded that voluntary associations operate within Habermasian public spheres, counterspheres, and postmodern public spheres and that unitary notions of the public sphere, such as those Habermas proposes, do not adequately explain voluntary associations engagement in the public sphere. Accordingly, it is concluded that voluntary associations have the potential to invigorate public spheres, though not in ways that many theorists writing on the subject suggest.
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Kreutzer, Karin. "How voluntary associations work : problems of organization and management /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz311479812inh.htm.

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Alexander, William Lee 1963. "Voluntary associations of and for the homeless in Tucson." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277193.

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An overview is presented of anthropology's interest in voluntary association, from the classical influences and studies to sociological and anthropological work that illustrate recent trends from the last decade. Information is presented from the author's fieldwork with the Tucson Homeless Union and the Southern Arizona Coalition for the Homeless that describes the homeless situation in Tucson and the efforts of these groups, whose members share a dedication to improving conditions for socioeconomically marginal people through activist means of protest and civil disobedience. Marked by fluidity of membership and unique internal dynamics, these groups present a special case-study of voluntary associations as a means of urban adaptation through self-help and as a vehicle for social change. It is demonstrated how and examination of the values expressed by the existence and actions of these associations is useful in understanding the nature of society and the stability of the political system.
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Calnan, James E. Taylor. "Blessed be the tie that binds, voluntary associations and community in Picton, Ontario, 1870-1914." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ51036.pdf.

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Dalgleish, Andrew J. "Voluntary associations and the middle class in Edinburgh, 1780-1820." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26426.

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From the late 18th century there was an increase in the formation of voluntary associations in Britain and a growth in the membership of such organisations. This thesis analyses the historical significance of voluntary societies created and supported by the Edinburgh middle class between 1780 and 1820. Chapter Two outlines the social structure of Edinburgh in this period. Using categorised occupational titles from the Post Office Directories, the diversity of the middle class, and the preponderance of small units of production and retailing is emphasised. Chapter Three contextualises the changing typical cultural form of elite voluntary associations from relatively small, exclusivist, ephemeral and introverted organisations to more open 'subscriber democracies' which publicly projected their aims and aspired to gain social authority. The next three chapters examine the impetus, aims, institutional practices and memberships of key voluntary societies in the fields of policing and poor relief, religion and education. It is argued that the cultural production of such organisations was crucial for the mediation of power within and between classes during this period of rapid social change. Although elite-led, voluntary associations provided concensual platforms of common interest for the Edinburgh middle class, appealing to their shared concerns about commercial prosperity, discrimination in the distribution of resources, and the supervision of the poor. Chapter Seven uses techniques of nominal record linkage to provide quantitative evidence of the social characteristics of membership of various types of Societies. The over-representation of the legal/commercial elite, and the under-representation of lower middle class groups compared to their proportion in the middle class as a whole is emphasised. Interconnections between certain types of membership lend substance to the argument for a growing cohesiveness of middle class organisation. The thesis contributes to our understanding of the dynamics of middle class formation in the early 19th century. The creation of a self-aware and socially confident middle class by the 1820s was partly due to their participation in voluntary associations which claimed to be representative of Edinburgh inhabitants in ways which local state and parish-based authorities could not be.
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Begley, Siobhan. "Voluntary associations and the civic ideal in Leicester, 1870-1939." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9924.

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This thesis discusses the contribution of voluntary associations to the civic ideal in Leicester between 1870 and 1939. It demonstrates the growth in local voluntary associations over the period and illustrates the role they played in public life. Voluntary associations throughout the period 1870 to 1939 helped in the management of local public affairs and provided an organized social life in the town. They promoted social cohesion and a perception of civic unity as well as allowing an expression of difference. Associational life in Leicester became denser between 1870 and 1939, mutating from an elite to a more inclusive model and involvement in voluntary groups that embraced the civic ideal helped previously marginalised groups to integrate into public life. Although national influence encroached on local associational life over these decades there remained a balance between local bodies and those with a national dimension, with branches of some national associations assuming a strong local identity. The meetings of the voluntary associations helped structure an annual local calendar that was represented by the Leicester newspapers as part of a shared culture of interest to all Leicester residents. This regular programme of associational life underpinned the organisation and credibility of a ‘one off’ spectacular, the Leicester Pageant of 1932, an event which was supported by local voluntary associations, through which thousands of Leicester townspeople were mobilised to participate. The success of this occasion demonstrated that, in the 1930s, Leicester residents still retained a sense of civic and local identity. This is contrary to a perception in recent scholarship that the popularity of civic ceremony in provincial towns had decreased from the end of the nineteenth century and that this was symptomatic of a decline in the credibility of the civic ideal.
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Wiertz, Dingeman. "A bridge too far? : volunteering, voluntary associations, and social cohesion." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:65726d10-6cf1-432c-9bac-9f2ffd9a4270.

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In this thesis, I seek to advance our knowledge about the factors that make people start and stop volunteer work, thus shedding light on the capacity of volunteering and voluntary associations to foster social cohesion. In particular, my goal is twofold: first, to reveal to what extent voluntary associations function as meeting places for people from different social backgrounds, and second, to assess the resilience of civic participation in the face of labor market experiences that might undermine such engagement. I make three core contributions to the literature on voluntary association involvement. First, I pay special attention to the organizational contexts in which volunteers are embedded. Second, I adopt a dynamic approach, analyzing decisions to start and stop volunteering. Third, I attempt to disentangle alternative mechanisms that could drive the associations observed between volunteering and its potential determinants. Analyzing data from The Netherlands and the United States, my findings expose limits to the integrative capacity of voluntary association involvement. As it turns out, the civic landscape is strongly segregated. People tend to sort into voluntary associations where they mostly meet people with similar characteristics as themselves. Such sorting occurs along multiple social dimensions, including educational attainment, religiosity, gender, and ethnicity. This constrains the opportunities for building relationships that cut across existing social boundaries. Indeed, these sorting processes can reproduce in the civic domain fault lines that dominate other spheres of life. Furthermore, civic engagement and participation in the labor market are shown to be strongly intertwined, with the former breaking down when labor force exits occur. Voluntary association involvement is, therefore, of limited value for drawing labor force outsiders into public life. However, this chain of events does not necessarily unfold, as long as labor force outsiders retain aspirations to participate in social life.
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Gorsky, Martin. "Charity, mutuality and philanthropy : voluntary provision in Bristol, 1800-70." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/104fbd2e-c6d6-4131-9d6f-271dedbc6fde.

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Ascough, Richard S. "Voluntary associations and community formation, Paul's Macedonian Christian communities in context." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25204.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Voluntary associations"

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1906-, Pennock J. Roland, and Chapman John William 1923-, eds. Voluntary associations. New Brunswick, N.J: AldineTransaction, 2007.

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Shchiglik, Aron Isaakovich. Voluntary societies. Moscow: Novosti, 1990.

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Voluntary associations: An annotated bibliography. New York: Garland, 1986.

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Scottish Council for Voluntary Organisations. Scotland's voluntary sector manifesto. Edinburgh: SCVO, 1996.

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Courtney, Brian. Accounting for voluntary organisations. Belfast: Northern Ireland Council for Voluntary Action, 1985.

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Forbes, Alison. Voluntary action across London: A directory of Londonwide voluntary and community organisations. London: London Voluntary Service Council, 1987.

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Organisations, National Council for Voluntary. The voluntary agencies directory 2006. 2nd ed. London: NCVO Publications, 2006.

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Morgenstern, Melvin C. Tax aspects of voluntary bar associations. Coral Gables, Fla: Semet, Lickstein, Morgenstern, Berger, Friend, Brooke & Gordon, 1991.

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National Council for Voluntary Organisations (Great Britain), ed. The UK voluntary sector almanac. 5th ed. London: NCVO, 2004.

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The voluntary agencies directory 2010. London: NCVO, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Voluntary associations"

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Roberts, Ken. "Voluntary Associations." In The Leisure Industries, 22–37. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-20304-4_3.

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Hinckley, Jane. "Voluntary Associations." In Family Life in England and America, 1690–1820, 399–437. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003113058-67.

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Andersen, Jørgen Goul, and Jens Hoff. "Participation in Voluntary Associations." In Democracy and Citizenship in Scandinavia, 77–92. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230507968_5.

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Honey, Rex, and Stanley I. Okafor. "2. The nature of hometown voluntary associations in Nigeria." In Hometown Associations, 9–16. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780445120.002.

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Eliasoph, Nina. "Cultivating Apathy in Voluntary Associations." In Nonprofit and Civil Society Studies, 199–212. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0145-9_12.

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Janse, Maartje. "Voluntary Associations and Political Participation." In Popular Agency and Politicisation in Nineteenth-Century Europe, 193–211. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13520-0_10.

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Acquadro Maran, Daniela. "Women’s Participation in Voluntary Associations in Italy." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 7163–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_4210.

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Whiting, Richard. "Trade Unions: Voluntary Associations and Individual Rights." In Alternatives to State-Socialism in Britain, 31–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34162-0_2.

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Brown, Kevin M., Susan Kenny, Bryan S. Turner, and John K. Prince. "Approaches to the Study of Voluntary Associations." In Rhetorics of Welfare, 117–30. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403919816_6.

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Fuller, Lon L. "Two Principles of Human Association." In Voluntary Associations, 3–23. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351299800-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Voluntary associations"

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Jetmar, Marek. "Formální hlediska fungování dobrovolných svazků obcí." In XXIII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách / 23rd International Colloquium on Regional Sciences. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9610-2020-25.

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The article presents selected results of the analysis of a sample of voluntary associations of municipalities, which was carried out in connection with the elaboration of the methodology of well-functioning associations by the Czech Ministry of the Interior. Multipurpose voluntary associations operating in a functional micro-region identical or similar to the ORP territory (territory of municipalities with extended power) were examined. The formal aspects of their functioning, managerial models, methods of communication, value aspects, etc. were examined. This article focuses on the first examined area, ie. the formal aspects of the functioning of associations. It is based on a formal analysis of the founding documents and articles of association, their comparison and assessment. The information was subsequently verified in the form of controlled interviews with representatives of the unions. The survey shows that the variability in the setting of organs and relationships within the bundles is not significant, it concerns only some roles and names (designations) of organs. I.e. all the associations examined showed the same similar features in terms of the division of tasks between the supreme and executive bodies. Partial differences were identified in the relationship between the highest and the executive body (within the scope of the tasks that were delegated), in the way of recruiting new members, and the sanction of the member community in case of non-fulfillment of obligations. The chairman always represents the association externally. He himself, or in cooperation with the secretary or his deputy (occasionally) participates in organizing the operation of the association. Associations seldom create bodies of working, initiating or control nature. Their position does not have to be regulated by the statutes. Subsequently, recommendations for the effective operation of the bundles are formulated. In the event that the chairman cannot devote himself to the activities of the association on a full-time basis, it is necessary for the successful operation of the union to appoint the position of manager or secretary.
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Vankova, Lucie. "VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATIONS OF MUNICIPALITIES AS ONE OF THE INSTRUMENTS OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/5.3/s28.127.

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Kocourkova, Gabriela. "VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATIONS OF MUNICIPALITIES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE." In 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/14/s04.126.

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Kalyoncu, Mehmet. "BUILDING CIVIL SOCIETY IN ETHNO-RELIGIOUSLY FRACTURED COMMUNITIES: “THE CASE OF THE GÜLEN MOVEMENT IN TURKEY AND ABROAD”." In Muslim World in Transition: Contributions of the Gülen Movement. Leeds Metropolitan University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/oixq2070.

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Civil society is generally associated with the presence of voluntary, non-governmental civic and social organisations, which are run by informed citizens and assume responsibility for monitoring state bodies and operations and mobilising available resources to maintain order and efficiency in the functioning of both state and society. Early civil society theorists argued the relevance of such voluntary associations to achieving a stable and functioning democracy. But what if the local conditions prevent the formation of such associations – if the social landscape is characterised by communal conflicts stemming from deeply entrenched ethno- religious differences? The reality of such conditions makes it imperative that strategies are re-formulated in ethno-religiously fractured societies, where what divides different segments of the population is more than what unites them. This paper argues that it is possible to develop such strategies. The argument is based on field research in Mardin on the activities of the faith-based Gülen movement. This group has succeeded in forging policies and programmes that bring different ethno-religious communities together as a necessary first step towards civil society: common problems facing the different ethno-religious communities are identified, then solid services to address those problems are provided, requiring collaborative effort by the different ethno-religious communities. In this way the social potential of those communities is mobilised and channelled to achieve shared goals which enrich the society as a whole.
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Antonović, Ratomir. "USLUGE DOBROVOLjNIH VATROGASNIH DRUŠTAVA NEKAD I SAD." In XVIII Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xviiimajsko.361a.

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The Law on Voluntary Firefighting regulates the organization of voluntary fire brigades, establishment, operation and organization of voluntary fire brigades, their rights and obligations, association of voluntary fire brigades in alliances, all with the aim of better providing citizens and facilities of vital importance from fire danger. Voluntary fire brigades in Serbia have a serious tradition and date back to the reign of Prince Miloš Obrenović, who founded the first fire brigades. During that period, the first regulation concerning fire work was passed, which regulated issues in that area. Today, voluntary fire brigades have a serious development path, and in many areas they exist on the principles of voluntariness and humanity. The organization of these societies is reflected in the coordination of the members of the society, directing their activities, professional education, cooperation with state bodies dealing with firefighting and the like.
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Carik, G. N. "PROJECT SELF-MANAGEMENT OF DOCTORS IN KUZBASS." In I International Congress “The Latest Achievements of Medicine, Healthcare, and Health-Saving Technologies”. Kemerovo State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/-i-ic-144.

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KOAV is a voluntary and self-governing public association of doctors. The purpose of the activities of organizations is to unite citizens for practical solutions to scientific problems in the field of medicine and health care.
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Liu, Hui. "A Comparative Analysis of China's Association Standards and America's Voluntary Standards." In 2017 International Conference on Education, Economics and Management Research (ICEEMR 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceemr-17.2017.63.

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Mukambaeva, Irina, and Nurbek Mukambaev. "Farming as a Factor of Agricultural Development in Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00505.

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In this article there were considered issues of the Kyrgyz agricultural sector development related to petty goods (peasant) economy. The state drive for speed-up of the agricultural production concentration can decrease people gainings particularly in riral area and lead to a social tension strenthening. For lightening impact of forced enlargement of the agricultural production, the authors offer to use the proved mechanism of voluntary and interested association of household economic activities into jamaats under donors’s grant support and the jamaat co-financing or low interest lending of poor families’ groups on the competition basis.
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Saad, Ziad A., Kim J. McCaig, and Brenda Kenny. "Integrity First: Voluntary Performance Reporting in a Goal-Oriented Regulatory Environment." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64558.

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In 2007, the Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA) published a report titled; ‘Integrity First’. This document strives to achieve two goals: 1. For the pipeline industry to communicate performance with its stakeholders and regulators in the areas of pipeline integrity, health & safety and environmental performance. 2. To define performance success quantitatively with appropriate metrics and statistics. This IPC paper will focus on discussing the second goal — most specifically on how voluntary reporting of performance metrics is a necessity in an era of goal-based regulations. For a regulatory agency to effectively manage its dual responsibility to protect the public while facilitating efficient energy transportation, it can be argued that goal-based regulations allow for the best compromise to satisfy both responsibilities. In theory, such regulations ‘set the bar’ at a level that is acceptable to society and it is up to the pipeline company(ies) to determine the most sensible method to achieve the intended goals. Arguably, the pipeline company is in the best position to make decisions on how to safely operate the pipeline with the least amount of risk to workers, the public and the environment while assuring financially viable operations. However, there must be some mechanism to transparently demonstrate to the regulator (and ultimately the public) that the company is meeting the intent of the regulations and not allowing conflicting interests to supersede safety, reliability and environmental responsibilities.
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Eggleton, Peter, and Robert Dunn. "Influence of Duty Cycles and Fleet Profile on Emissions From Locomotives in Canada." In ASME 2002 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2002-505.

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Analyses were carried out of the exhaust emissions from locomotives in Canadian railway operations based on data as of the end of 2001. The authors found that locomotive technology used in the fleet significantly influenced the emission factor while duty cycles had a lesser influence. This is because despite using less fuel for the horse-power produced, the newer diesel engines produce more emissions per unit of fuel consumed. Since 1997, there has been a significant change in the locomotive fleet profile as the Canadian Class I railways replace their 1970s’ era 3,000HP SD-40 type locomotives with modern fuel-efficient 4,300 to 6,000HP locomotives. The new locomotives being introduced, or when re-manufactured, after January 1st 2000 meet the Tier 0 emission standards of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Unlike the U.S.A. where the emissions limits are the subject of legislated standards, the current Canadian situation is a voluntary one aiming to keep, country-wide, locomotive emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) below a cap of 115,000 tonnes per year. The authors’ analyses provide a database upon which trends and scenarios can be examined vis-a-vis the voluntary cap set by the Railway Association of Canada for the period 1995 to 2005 in its Memorandum of Understanding with Environment Canada regarding railway locomotive emissions.
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Reports on the topic "Voluntary associations"

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Bloch, Ruth, and Naomi Lamoreaux. Voluntary Associations, Corporate Rights, and the State: Legal Constraints on the Development of American Civil Society, 1750-1900. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21153.

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Knapp, Carolyn. HIV and partner violence: What are the implications for voluntary counseling and testing? Population Council, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2001.1011.

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Millions of women around the world face two great threats to their health and well-being: HIV/AIDS and violence by an intimate partner. One of the strongest associations between the two is the role that violence and the threat of violence play in limiting a woman’s ability to negotiate safer sex with a partner. A similar fear of violence also discourages women who receive HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) from telling partners about test results. This study explored the links between HIV infection, serostatus disclosure, and partner violence among women attending a VCT clinic in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Researchers began with a qualitative research phase with VCT clients at the Muhimbili Health Information Center. In the second phase, researchers interviewed women who had been tested and counseled three months earlier. The details in this brief show that while there is considerable fear of a partner’s reaction, there is little evidence from HIV-positive or HIV-negative women surveyed that serostatus disclosure frequently leads to physical violence.
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Hattori, Hidenori, Yoshiharu Yamaguchi, Yoichi Kataoka, Kazuo Kurata, Isao Konagaya, Hideki Tanaka, and Yosuke Morimoto. Japan Land Engine Manufacturers Association's Voluntary Regulation of Exhaust Emissions from Compression Ignition Engines of Less than 19kW. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, October 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-32-0038.

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Huynh, Diana, Lisa Rohrer, Åsa Ström Hildestrand, Nora Sánchez Gassen, and Henrietta Nyström. What’s in a Voluntary Local Review? Developing meaningful indicators to measure local Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) progress in the Nordics. Nordregio, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/pb2022:2.2001-3876.

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This policy brief is based on the second of three webinars on Localising Agenda 2030 in the Nordics. It aims to highlight the shared experiences between Nordic municipalities and inspire local and national decision-makers to invest in and build capacity for measuring and reporting on SDG localisation. During the session, the cities of Espoo, Finland, and Helsingborg, Sweden, offered their best practices on developing and applying local indicator sets and shared how they went about conducting their respective VLRs. Panel experts from the Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities (KS) and the Icelandic Association of Local Authorities (Samband) also joined the discussion. The challenges of developing comprehensive methodologies suited to the local context, working across departments, and coordinating with fellow Nordic municipalities to report on common targets were among the topics addressed during the session.
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Hicks, Jacqueline. Donor Support for ‘Informal Social Movements’. Institute of Development Studies, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.085.

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“Social movements” are by definition informal or semi-formal, as opposed to the formal structure of a stable association, such as a club, a corporation, or a political party. They are relatively long lasting over a period of weeks, months, or even years rather than flaring up for a few hours or a few days and then disappearing (Smelser et al., 2020). There is a substantial and growing body of work dedicated to social movements, encompassing a wide range of views about how to define them (Smelser et al., 2020). This is complicated by the use of other terms which shade into the idea of “social movements”, such as grass-roots mobilisation/ movements, non-traditional civil society organisations, voluntary organisations, civic space, new civic activism, active citizenship, to name a few. There is also an implied informality to the term “social movements”, so that the research for this rapid review used both “social movement” and “informal social movement”. Thus this rapid review seeks to find out what approaches do donors use to support “informal social movements” in their programming, and what evidence do they base their strategies on. The evidence found during the course of this rapid review was drawn from both the academic literature, and think-tank and donor reports. The academic literature found was extremely large and predominantly drawn from single case studies around the world, with few comparative studies. The literature on donor approaches found from both donors and think tanks was not consistently referenced to research evidence but tended to be based on interviews with experienced staff and recipients.
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Megersa, Kelbesa. Tax Transparency for an Effective Tax System. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.070.

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This rapid review examines evidence on the transparency in the tax system and its benefits; e.g. rising revenue, strengthen citizen/state relationship, and rule of law. Improvements in tax transparency can help in strengthening public finances in developing countries that are adversely affected by COVID-19. The current context (i.e. a global pandemic, widespread economic slowdown/recessions, and declining tax revenues) engenders the urgency of improving domestic resource mobilisation (DRM) and the fight against illicit financial flows (IFFs). Even before the advent of COVID-19, developing countries’ tax systems were facing several challenges, including weak tax administrations, low taxpayer morale and “hard-to-tax” sectors. The presence of informational asymmetry (i.e. low tax transparency) between taxpayers and tax authorities generates loopholes for abuse of the tax system. It allows the hiding of wealth abroad with a limited risk of being caught. Cases of such behaviour that are exposed without proper penalty may result in a decline in the morale of citizens and a lower level of voluntary compliance with tax legislation. A number of high-profile tax leaks and scandals have undermined public confidence in the fairness of tax systems and generated a strong demand for effective counteraction and tax transparency. One of the key contributing factors to lower tax revenues in developing countries (that is linked to low tax transparency) is a high level of IFFs. These flows, including international tax evasion and the laundering of corruption proceeds, build a major obstacle to successful DRM efforts. Research has also identified an association between organisational transparency (e.g. transparency by businesses and tax authorities) and stakeholder trust (e.g. between citizens and the state). However, the evidence is mixed as to how transparency in particular influences trust and perceptions of trustworthiness.
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Kwesiga, Victoria, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Compliance to GMP guidelines for Herbal Manufacturers in East Africa: A Position Paper. Purdue University, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317428.

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With the global increase in the use of traditional and complementary remedies for the prevention and treatment of illness, the quality and safety of these medicines have become a significant concern for all regulatory authorities. Herbal medicines are the most commonly used form of traditional and complementary medicines in the world and the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines, like conventional medicines, largely depends on their quality from planting to harvesting, preprocessing and final processing. Due to the inherent complexity of herbal medicines, often containing an array of active compounds, the primary processing of herbal medicines has a direct influence on their quality. Quality concerns are the reason why the medicines regulatory agencies insist that manufacturers of medicines strictly follow Good Manufacturing Practices since it is an essential tool to prevent instances of contamination, mix-ups, deviations, failures and errors. However, a strict application of GMP requirements is expensive and would drive the prices of the manufactured products up. As a result, a maturity level grading of facilities is proposed as a way of justifying the costs incurred for manufacturers desiring to reach a broader market and investing in continuous improvement. 36 Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) inspection reports of local herbal manufacturers conducted by National Drug Authority were analyzed to establish the type and extent of deficiencies to GMP requirements for local herbal manufacturers in Uganda. The different GMP chapters and related sub-parameters constituted the variables used for the analysis of conformity to requirements. The primary outcome variable was the conclusion regarding compliance or noncompliance of the inspected local herbal manufacturing facility. GMP parameters that were frequently defaulted by local herbal manufacturers and the corresponding frequencies were identified. The Pearson Chi-square test was applied independently on each category to find the association that existed between conformity and the questions in each category. Only 22% (8) of the 30 inspected facilities were found to comply with GMP requirements, as per National Drug Authority (NDA) guidelines; while the majority of the facilities, 28 (78%), were found not to comply. Of the facilities inspected, 25 were undergoing GMP inspection for the first time. A total of 1,236 deficiency observations were made in the 36 inspection reports reviewed for the study. The mean for all deficiencies was 34.3, and the standard deviation was 15.829. 91.5% of the facilities did not have mechanisms for a record of market complaints; 80.9% did not meet documentation requirements; 78.9% did not have quality control measures in place, and 65.7% did not meet stores requirements. By encouraging a culture of self/voluntary improvement through the introduction of listing of manufacturers based on a maturity level grading, the National Drug Authority will improve the Herbal Medicines sector as per the mandate of improving the herbal medicine industry. Also, increased sensitization of all relevant stakeholders regarding the requirements for GMP should be intensified.
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Relationship Between ‘Civil Society’ and ‘Democratic Freedoms’. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.086.

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Notwithstanding the point that definitions of ‘civil society’ and ‘democracy’ are themselves actively debated, this rapid review defines democracy as ‘liberal democracy’, which goes beyond elections to include liberal components such as equality before the law, individual liberties, rule of law, and independent judiciary and legislature that constrains the executive (Grahn and Lührmann, 2020, p.8). Civil society is defined as “an organizational layer of the polity that lies between the state and private life composed of voluntary associations of people joined together in common purpose” (Coppedge et al. 2016, p.413). Thus, this rapid review seeks to find out what evidence is there on the relationship between civil society and democratic freedoms? The overall sense from the vast array of literature that looks at the relationship between civil society and democratic freedoms is that civil society is important for democracy, but there is no “automatic flow” from one to the other. Rather, the relationship is contingent on the nature of civil society, in addition to other dynamic, context-specific factors. Most of the evidence found during this rapid review was in studies that break down this broad topic into smaller sub-questions. They tended to be case studies that look at specific elements of ‘democratic freedoms’ (e.g., human rights, or anti-corruption), focus on specific countries, or were related to specific mechanisms (e.g., collective action) or processes (e.g., democratic regression). Each of these sub-topics is itself a large and contested area of research. According to some scholars, these case studies are overwhelmingly positive about civil society’s relationship to liberal democratic norms and practices. Some studies show that democratic regression occurs where the demands of a highly mobilised civil society cannot be effectively channelled by the party system or occur in contexts characterised by ethnic and regional differences or socio-economic inequalities.
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