Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Volume élémentaire représentatif (VER)'
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Wu, Qier. "Isothermes de désorption de matériaux cimentaires : étude d'un protocole accéléré et estimation du VER." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10149/document.
Full textIn the framework of French radioactive waste management and storage, the durability evaluation and prediction of concrete structures requires the knowledge of desorption isotherm of concrete. The aim of the present study is to develop an accelerated experimental method to obtain desorption isotherm of cementitious materials more quickly and to estimate the Representative Volume Element (RVE) size related to the desorption isotherm of concrete. In order to ensure that experimental results can be statistically considered representative, a great amount of sliced samples of cementitious materials with three different thicknesses (1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm) have been de-saturated. The effect of slice thickness and the saturation condition on the mass variation kinetics and the desorption isotherms is analyzed. The influence of the aggregate distribution on the water content and the water saturation degree is also analyzed. A method based on statistical analysis of water content and water saturation degree is proposed to estimate the RVE for water desorption experiment of concrete. The evolution of shrinkage with relative humidity is also followed for each material during the water desorption experiment. A protocol of cycle of rapid desaturation-resaturation is applied and shows the existence of hysteresis between desorption and adsorption
Rozanski, Adrian. "Sur la représentativité, la taille minimale du VER et les propriétés effectives de transport des matériaux composites aléatoires." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10137/document.
Full textThe thesis focuses on random composites and some specific features such as: the minimum size of a representative volume element (RVE) and the determination of effective transport properties. The main objective is to formulate a computationally efficient method which would allow for quick determination of effective properties. The effective properties of transport are considered. It is shown that this class of properties can be estimated either by performing calculations over one large sample or by averaging over a sufficient number of smaller microstructure realizations. However, for a given type of microstructure; the size of such smaller realizations can not be smaller than some critical minimum size. It is shown that this critical size of RVE is strongly affected by several parameters. These are: microstructure type, volume fractions of constituents, contrast in mechanical properties of composite phases, number of performed realizations as well as a desired accuracy. Furthermore, two separate types of representativity are introduced: geometrical representativity and representativity with respect to overall transport properties. Therefore, two distinct criteria for the minimum size of RVE are formulated based on the properties of the two-point correlation function. Comparing to other methods proposed in wide literature, the criterion formulated in the thesis gives an advantage: the condition proposed includes microstructure morphology. Therefore, in order to determine the minimum size of RVE none numerical calculations like those of FE are necessary. A validation of proposed methodology is performed on several examples of 2D microstructures
Grondin, Jérémy. "Apport de la nanoindentation et de la microscopie à force atomique pour la compréhension des propriétés élastiques d’un polymère semi-cristallin aux différentes échelles microstructurales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ESMA0023.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to gain a deeper understanding of the relationships between the elastic modulus of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and its microstructure at different scales. An original multi-scale experimental approach is developed, combining indentation tests and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to characterize the elastic modulus and three-dimensional morphology of spherulites. The work is structured around four axes: (i) characterization of spherulitic morphology by AFM, (ii) indentation tests at various scales using different techniques (AFM in mechanical mode, nanoindentation, and macro-indentation), (iii) characterization of elastic modulus within spherulites through modulus mappings obtained by nanoindentation and AFM in mechanical mode, and (iv) evaluation of a mechanical representative elementary volume (REV) from spherical indentation tests. An original protocol was used to produce bulk iPP samples with a flat, slightly rough surface and without chemical etching, thus preserving the three-dimensional surface microstructure. The results reveal new insights into the microstructure of spherulites and the lamellar nanostructure of the α-phase. In addition to the classic observations (sheaf or rosette shapes), an intermediate scale is identified: the micrometer-sized radial branches of spherulites, made up of orthoradially oriented crystalline lamellae. These lamellae adopt a “lath-like” organization in the branches and “cross-hatching” in the closure zones. The average long period (Lp) is measured locally and is consistent with the literature (SAXS).Nanoindentation mapping showed a decreasing modulus gradient from the center to the edges of the spherulites. Branches located on the main growth axes show the highest moduli, while lateral areas show lower values. This variation is attributed to the density, organization or orientation of the lamellae. At lamellar scale, AFM in mechanical mode mappings show significant heterogeneity. Some branches display high moduli, probably linked to the subsurface microstructure. A transition is observed, with lower values in the center and higher at the periphery, marking a change in modulus with radial growth. However, no direct correlation was established with geometric parameters such as the long period Lp or the lamella emergence angle, suggesting that these microstructural parameters alone are not sufficient to capture the complexity of the microstructure. A multi-scale spherical indentation study explored the effects of scale transition on the elastic modulus of iPP. The results reveal that the moduli measured by AFM are significantly higher than those obtained by nano-indentation and macro-indentation, the latter presenting fairly similar values. Several hypotheses were proposed and discussed to explain this difference, including the volume probed, the strain rate and the analysis framework. The scale transition to a mechanical REV is not precisely determined, but the results suggest that it lies at the intra-spherulitic scale, when several branches are probed. This assessment could vary with other microstructures. Finally, the scale transition study between indentation techniques showed that varying tip size offers limited gain in probed volume, revealing the limitations of current equipment to fully explore these scale transitions
Hitti, Karim. "Simulation numérique de Volumes Élémentaires Représentatifs (VERs) complexes : Génération, Résolution et Homogénéisation." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00667428.
Full textKanit, Toufik. "Notion de volume élémentaire représentatif : approche numérique et statistique pour les microstructure [sic] aléatoires." Paris, ENMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1132.
Full textLachihab, Adel. "Un modèle numérique pour les composites biphasés matrice-inclusions rigides: Application à la détermination des propriétés élastiques et en fatigue des enrobés bitumineux." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001036.
Full textKhdir, Younis Khalid. "Non-linear numerical homogenization : application to elasto-plastic materials." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10023/document.
Full textThis PhD dissertation deals with the numerical homogenization of heterogeneous elastic-plastic random media via large volume computations. The dissertation is presented in two main parts. The first part is dedicated to the effective elastic-plastic response of random two-phase composites stretched under uniaxial loading. The second part is focused on the effective yield response of random porous media over a wide range of stress triaxialities. In the first part, we describe a computational homogenization methodology to estimate the effective elastic-plastic response of random two-phase composite media. The method is based on finite element simulations using three-dimensional cubic cells of different size but smaller than the deterministic representative volume element of the microstructure. In the second part, we describe using the finite element method a computational homogenization study of three-dimensional cubic cells in order to estimate the effective yield surface of random porous media containing one or two populations of voids. The representativity of the overall yield surface estimates is examined using cubic cells containing randomly distributed and oriented spheroidal voids. The computational results are compared with some existing Gurson-type yield criteria
El, Moumen Ahmed. "Prévision du comportement des matériaux hétérogènes basée sur l’homogénéisation numérique : modélisation, visualisation et étude morphologique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10077/document.
Full textThe homogenization is a technique of Micro-Macro passage taking into account the influence of morphological, mechanical and statistical parameters of the representative microstructure of an heterogeneous material. Numerical modeling has contributed significantly to the development of this technique to determine the physical and mechanical properties of bi-and multi-phase heterogenous materials. The main objective of this work is the prediction of the macroscopic elastic and thermal behaviors of heterogeneous materials. The mechanical and thermal behaviors was determined numerically and compared with experimental and analytical results. The variation of the representative volume element (RVE) versus volume fraction and the contrast was analyzed. This study showed the importance of a rigorous determination of the optimal RVE size. Indeed, it must take into account several parameters such as : volume fraction, contrast, type of property and the morphology of the heterogeneity. A new concept of the equivalent morphology was proposed. This concept introduces the equivalence of the elastic and thermal characteristics of a microstructure of heterogeneous materials with complex morphology and those of a microstructure containing spherical particles. This work led us to developement of a comprehensive approach to microstructural design by integrating the real morphology of heterogeneous microstructure phases incorporating at the same time the image visualization, the morphological study and the geometric and numerical modeling
Kanit, Toufik. "Notion of representative volume element for heterogeneous materials: statistical and numerical approach." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005751.
Full textWali, Abderrahmen. "Analyse expérimentale et modélisation multi-échelle du comportement mécanique de mélanges Polycarbonate/Polypropylène : effet de la morphologie." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10077.
Full textThe objective of this work is to perform experimental characterization and to model the mechanical behaviour of immiscible PC/PP blends. A predominantly spherical microstructure, in the most PC / PP blends, reveals low adhesion due to high interfacial tension between two phases which was observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). This results in a negative deviation of the mechanical tensile properties accordingly to the % of PP. One of the possible solutions is to add a third component that can improve adhesion between two phases. In this work PP-g-MA was chosen. Despite its low rigidity and brittleness, it has partially improved the mechanical properties of the blends. A multi-scale approach was applied to model the homogenised behaviour of the PC / PP blends using two different types of models. The first one is based on analytical homogenization and the second one will be defined in the context of numerical homogenization. The statistical distribution law for the size of the dispersed phase was determined from the SEM images. This law was applied for representative volume element (RVE) generation. The behaviour of the constituents has been defined as elastoplastic. Initially assumed hypothesis of a perfect interface did not describe the mechanical behaviour of the blends in a satisfactory manner. In order to improve this, a model introducing cohesive surfaces to simulate interfacial damage is developed using traction-separation law. The model is in good agreement with the experimental results. Finally, parametric study was carried out to highlight the effect of the shape, the number and the orientation of dispersed phase on the nonlinear response of blends
Farhat, Faten. "Modélisation multiéchelle du comportement mécanique des gaz shales." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I015/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to study the influence of microstructure on the macroscopic mechanical behavior of heterogeneous rocks, particularly Vaca Muerta shale rock. In this context, micromechanical models are developed by well-adapted homogenization techniques. The microstructure of this rock has been extensively studied in order to define the representative elementary volume indispensable for the implementation of a micromechanical approach. The studied material is modeled as a heterogeneous medium, made up, at mesoscale, of a composite matrix in which are dipped different types of inclusions. On a smaller scale, fine grains of calcite and kerogen are immersed in a porous clay matrix. The homogenization of non-linear instantaneous behavior is established in the context of clay matrix elastoplasticity and the progressive debonding of mineral inclusions: the nano-micro transition leads to the strength domain of the porous clay phase where the solid phase is considered to be a cohesive-frictional material that obeys to the classic Drucker-Prager criterion. Hill’s incremental method is used as a homogenization means at micro-meso and meso-macro transitions. Next, the long-term behavior of the studied material is defined in terms of microstructure degradation. Finally, a simplified micomechanical model is developed to study long-term behavior of clayey and shale rocks in the context of clay matrix viscoplasticity. Based on this model, for the industrial application of the thesis, we study the interaction between Vaca Muerta shale rock and spherical grains of proppants
Dirrenberger, Justin. "Propriétés effectives de matériaux architecturés." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00797363.
Full textSalmi, Moncef. "Homogénéisation des composites linéaires : Etude des comportements apparents et effectif." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766795.
Full textGuyader, Guillaume. "Contribution à l’étude des conditions de tressage d’armures textiles hautes performances : application à l’identification des rigidités élastiques de coques composites 2D et 3D." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10299.
Full textIn the first part of the thesis, based on literature results, we synthesize the main difficulties that limit the development of composite materials for automotive applications. Furthermore, we examine what are the scientific and technical issues for the prediction of the mechanical performances of braided technical textiles. Consequently, our effective research work follows three main axes: In a first phase, we analyse different parameters that influence the braiding process, and we propose a new analytical formulation describing the yarn positioning on complex shaped mandrels. In a second phase, we perform an experimental analysis of the mechanical properties of braided composites testing tubular structures under complex loading conditions, to evaluate the influence of internal heterogeneousness on the structural behaviour. In the last phase, we consider and validate a modelling approach where numerical results are obtained from laminated composite theory, taking into account the local orientation of yarns. Finally, we are able to suggest different optimised design ways applied to braided composites structures
Adous, Mourad. "Caractérisation électromagnétique des métariaux traités de génie civil dans la bande de fréquence 50 MHz - 13 GHz." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00110739.
Full textOutre leurs caractères large bande et peu destructif, des simulations numériques réalisées à l'aide d'un logiciel électromagnétique 3D ont montré que ces techniques présentent les avantages d'avoir une grande profondeur de pénétration (supérieure à 6 cm), ainsi qu'une bonne sensibilité de mesure. Elles permettent alors de satisfaire le critère du Volume Élémentaire Représentatif (VER - taille minimale du matériau pour avoir des mesures représentatives).
L'étude théorique des sondes/cellule a nécessité l'analyse des problèmes direct et inverse. L'étude du problème direct permet de calculer le coefficient de réflexion en fonction des propriétés diélectriques du matériau à caractériser. Le calcul de la permittivité à partir du coefficient de réflexion mesuré définit le problème inverse. Après la conception des dispositifs de mesure, les logiciels de dépouillement des données et d'étalonnage ont été validés sur des matériaux étalons.
Enfin, Les mesures réalisées sur différents mélanges de béton ont montré que la nature des granulats joue un rôle prépondérant sur la variation de la permittivité, que la taille maximale des granulats influence la permittivité dans le domaine centimétrique, et que cette dernière varie linéairement en fonction de la compacité.
Azabou, Mejda. "Modélisation et prédiction du comportement macroscopique du sel gemme dans le contexte du stockage souterrain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLM012.
Full textThe optimal design of underground facilities in salt formations depends on the quality of the experimental measurements used to develop constitutive laws and to calibrate their parameters, as well as on the predictive abilities of these modelson the short and long term. A comprehensive experimental campaign was carried out, its analysis along with that ofthe existing experimental data base in MINES ParisTech, raised questions concerning the assumption of specimens representativity during laboratory tests. The effect of specimens heterogeneity on the macroscopic behavior of rock saltwas numerically investigated within a virtual laboratory. This investigation showed that specimens heterogeneity can explain the irregularities often observed in experimental measurements and that the tested specimens can be smaller than the required representative volume element (RVE). In an approach allowing to elaborate a macroscopic constitutivelaw and to overcome representativity related issues, the required RVE size was correlated to that of the heterogeneities.The pertinence of the predictive abilities of this macroscopic law was addressed and a new law, aiming to overcome the limitations of existing models in terms of the quality of their long term predictions, was proposed
Sab, Karam. "Contributions à l'homogénéisation des matériaux aléatoires." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00554207.
Full textJean, Aurélie. "Etude d'un élastomère chargé de la nanostucture au macro-comportement." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005215.
Full textDe, francqueville Foucault. "Etude micromécanique du lien entre endommagement local et comportement macroscopique de propergols solides." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IPPAX004.
Full textThe goal of this present project is the development of numerical tools for simulating damage of solid propellants, which are used for anaerobic propulsion. It should allow identifying which properties disturb their behavior. To study the effect of energetic particles shapes, 3D microstructures are generated with a random dispersion of monosized spheres or polyhedra at high volume fraction (55%). In case of spheres, the elastic properties of the representative volume elements (RVE) are confronted with an analytical model and experimental characterizations of model composites, with a remarkable coherence of the three approaches. Then, the linear behavior of REV filled with polyhedra is compared to the one in case of spheres, highlighting only a limited effect of particles shapes. Damage of those materials being mostly due to matrix/filler debounding, a bilinear cohesive zone model with a viscous regularization and posting of interfaces damage state is implemented. The first order influence of the cohesive zone parameters either on the mechanical response or on the local damage is demonstrated. If convergence troubles prevent any quantitative confrontation with experimental data, their specific trends are well reproduced at either the particles or the global scales. A parameter study highlights also the impact of each cohesive zone parameter on the global behavior. Study of the damaged behavior, depending on particles shape, leads again to a second order impact. Finally, analyses of quasi-propellants, representative of common propellants, are proposed. Following the industrial characterization process, the interfaces properties are identified qualitatively based on the trends of the simulations. This analysis is completed by non-conventional characterization techniques to validate its coherence and to offer exhaustive information on the adhesives properties