Dissertations / Theses: 'Volume effect'

1

Smith, Patrick M. (Patrick Michael). "Crevice volume effect on spark ignition engine efficiency." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85472.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 159-162).
A set of experiments and a simulation study are completed to quantify the effect of the piston crevice on engine efficiency. The simulation study breaks down the loss mechanisms on brake efficiency at different displacement volumes (300 - 500 cc) and compression ratios (8-20). Experiments focus on indicated efficiencies for a narrow range of compression ratios (9.24- 12.57) with different piston crevice volumes. Piston crevice volume is increased in two steps by machining a groove into the piston top land, and is decreased by raising the top ring. Indicated efficiency is measured at various loads (0.4 - 1.0 bar MAP), speeds (1500, 2000, 2500 rpm), and coolant temperatures (50°C and 80°C). All data points compared in this study are recorded at MBT timing with a relative air-fuel ratio ([gamma]) of 1. For the baseline case (CR = 9.24, speed = 2000 rpm, coolant = 80°C), increased crevice volume results in an indicated efficiency degradation of 0.3-0.5%-points per 1000 mm3. This absolute decrease corresponds to a 1.2-1.5% relative decrease for a 100% increase in crevice volume; referenced to the control piston crevice modification. Decreasing crevice volume leads to a gain in indicated efficiency of 2.3-3.5%-points per 1000 mm3 , which corresponds to a 6.9- 11.8% relative increase for a 100% decrease in crevice volume; referenced to the control piston crevice modification. Results of the experimental investigation, when compared across compression ratio, engine speed, and coolant temperature, show that the crevice effect on efficiency is largely independent of these three parameters. Large gains from decreased piston crevice volume prompt renewed discussions on piston top land, top ring, and crown design.
by Patrick M. Smith.
S.M.

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2

MA, GUOHUA. "THREE ESSAYS ON TRADING VOLUME." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1179254828.

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Cohen, Jordi. "Effect of excluded volume on the 2D gelation transition." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61545.pdf.

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4

Grant, Alastair C. G. "The effect of cell volume on mammary gland metabolism." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368747.

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Sanghvi, Saagar K. "Effect of Rat Strain Stereotactic Coordinates on Infarct Volume." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1364484571.

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Tam, Isaac Timothy. "Effect of orthodontic treatment on the upper airway volume." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50294.

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Introduction: Currently, the influence of orthodontic treatment on the volume of the upper airway is not well understood. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of orthodontic treatment both with and without extractions on the anatomical characteristics of the upper airway in adults. Methods: For this retrospective study, the pre and post orthodontic treatment CBCT scans of adult patients treated at the UMN Division of Orthodontics between 2008 and 2012 were reviewed. From a pool of 1680 patient records, 74 patients met the eligibility criteria of the study and were included for further analysis. 3D imaging analysis software was used to segment and measure upper airway regions including the nasopharynx (NP), the retropalatal (RP) and retroglossal (RG) areas of the oropharynx, as well as total airway (TA). Coefficient of variation and the intraclass correlation coefficient were calculated. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare volumetric and minimal cross-sectional area changes from pre (T0) to post (T1) treatment. Results: The reliability was high for all measurements with an ICC ≥0.82. Cephalometric analysis revealed no significant skeletal changes from T0 to T1. The T0 to T1 treatment changes for the upper airway for the extraction and non-extraction groups were as follows: TA: 1039.6 ± 3674.3mm³ vs. 1719.2.2 mm³ ± 4979.2, NP: 136.1 mm³ ± 1379.3 vs -36.5 mm³ ± 1139.8, RP: 412.7 mm³ ± 3042.5 vs. 399.3 mm³ ± 3294.6 , and RG 412.5mm³ ± 1503.2 vs. 1109.3mm³ ± 2328.6, respectively. The treatment changes for all airway regions examined were not significantly (p>0.05) different between the extraction and non-extraction groups. Similarly, changes in the minimum cross-sectional area were also not significantly different between the two types of treatment. Conclusions: Orthodontic treatment in adults does not cause clinically significant changes to the volume or minimally constricted area of the upper airway.
Dentistry, Faculty of
Graduate

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7

Kelly, Darren. "Effect of particle loss on soil volume, strength and stiffness." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2015. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/8865.

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Soil particle loss can occur through biodegradation, erosion and dissolution. Yet there is little understanding of the mechanical changes that accompany these phenomena, especially where the size of particle removed is concerned. This study investigated the influence of particle loss on the volumetric, strength and small strain stiffness of analogue soils. These consisted of uniform Leighton Buzzard sand with selected salt particle sizes. Particle sizes chosen for experimental tests are representative of the fines that might be lost through an erosion process called suffusion in embankment dams or the various sizes that might be degraded and/or decomposed in landfill and mining wastes. A triaxial apparatus was modified to allow the in-situ dissolution of samples under triaxial stress states. This was achieved through the circulation of water through the pore-water pressure line with ow controlled by differential pressure using a peristaltic pump. Bender elements were installed to monitor changes in shear wave velocity before, during and after dissolution. Test results showed increases in void ratio in all dissolution tests. The influence of salt size and the stress under which tests were performed was found to have a limited impact on the magnitude of void ratio increase. Salt particle size did, however, affect the initial packing density of the sand-salt mixtures with fine salt sizes resulting in lower void ratios. Therefore, these tests showed lower post-dissolution void ratios. Coarse salt sizes initially densely prepared resulted in high post-dissolution void ratios close to the maximum void ratio for the Leighton Buzzard sand. Ultimately, post-dissolution void ratios determined the large-strain shearing behaviour. Therefore the fine salt tests, in which the post-dissolution void ratios were lowest, were the only tests to show minor peak strengths prior to the critical state with a shear behaviour described as strain-softening dilative. The comparatively high void ratios obtained in coarse salt tests showed no peak strength but a strain-hardening contractive behaviour. The structural role of salt particles within sand mixtures was continually assessed with evidence suggesting that salt particles maintainedtheir structural integrity under the stresses applied through loading and subsequent shearing in this study. The influence of particle loss on the critical state was also probed. Post-dissolution samples consistently showed higher critical void ratios than sand-only samples not subjected to particle loss. Most of the findings might be explained in the context of strong force chains and their stability which is in turn influenced by the amount and size of soluble particles. Shear wave velocities were shown to decrease significantly with dissolution of 15% of weight of salt irrespective of size. Associated small-strain stiffness moduli were found to decrease even more substantially. The reported changes illustrate the significant influence that particle removal has on the mechanical properties of soil and are discussed and analysedwithin this thesis.

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MIYAKE, KOJI, HATSUKI HIBI, KEISUKE YOKOI, SATOSHI KATSUNO, and MASANORI YAMAMOTO. "THE EFFECT OF VARICOCELECTOMY ON TESTICULAR VOLUME IN INFERTILE PATIENTS WITH VARICOCELES." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16083.

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Skolny, Chad A. "The effect of classroom lighting on the volume of classroom sounds." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5873.

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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2008.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 25 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 22).

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McConell, Glenn Kevin. "The effect of reduced training volume and intensity in distance runners." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/774748.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 4-week reduction in training volume and intensity on performance of distance runners. Ten well-conditioned males underwent 4-weeks of base training (BT) at their accustomed training distance (71.8 ± 3.6 km/wk) and pace (76% of total distance above 70% V02 max intensity), before reducing training (RT) for an additional 4 weeks. Training volume was decreased by -.66% to 24.8 km/wk and frequency by 50% to 3 runs per week. Training intensity was reduced such that all running was at less than 70% V02 max (68.2 ± 1.6%). At the end of BT (week 0), and weeks 2 and 4 of RT, resting heart rate, calculated plasma volume, testosterone and cortisol levels, and submaximal treadmill efficiency were assessed. At weeks 0 and 4, V02 max and 5 kilometer race performance was determined. The ratio of testosterone to cortisol was increased significantly with RT (0.054 ± 0.008 at week 0 to 0.082 ± 0.020 at week 4), although the individual testosterone and cortisol concentrations were not significantly altered. Maximum oxygen consumption, and time to exhaustion during the max tests were not altered with RT. Body weight tended to increase (p=0.09) due to a significant increase in percent body fat (p<0.05). Submaximal treadmill runs at 65%, 85%, and 95% V02 max revealed no alterations in absolute V02 while relative V02 decreased significantly. This decrease in relative V02 was due partially to the weight increases and partially to a significant increase in respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Resting and submaximal treadmill heart rate (HR) were unchanged with FIT, while maximal treadmill HR and race HR were increased significantly. Calculated plasma volume was unaltered. Leg and overall ratings of perceived exertion were decreased during RT with the overall rating reaching significance (p<0.05). Blood lactic acid concentration was found to be significantly higher at the 95% V02 max workload following RT (8.39 ± 0.46 vs 9.89 ± 0.46 mmol/L at week 0 and 4, respectively). Five kilometer race time increased significantly from 16.6 ± 0.3 at week 0 to 16.8 ± 0.3 minutes at week 4 (12.1 seconds). It is concluded that a 4-week reduction in training volume and intensity in these runners resulted in a significant decrease in race performance despite the maintenance of aerobic capacity.
School of Physical Education

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11

Vapaavuori, Jessica. "Effect of CPAP on nocturnal breathing – does expiratory reserve volume matter?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-416423.

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Hayakawa, N., M. Nagino, H. Kojima, M. Goto, T. Takahashi, K. Yasuda, and H. Okubo. "Dielectric characteristics of HTS cables based on partial discharge measurement." IEEE, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6772.

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Baba, Kiichiro. "Experimental model for the irradiation-mediated abscopal effect and factors influencing this effect." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/259722.

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Raza, Syed Kashif. "Effect of pigment volume concentration on the enzyme activity of bioactive coatings." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för teknik- och naturvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-8244.

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The aim of this project was to study the effect of pigment volume concentration on enzyme activity by using two different kinds of pigments (kaolin clay and calcium carbonate) in various concentrations. The coating colors were coated on various kinds of substrates for the different methods including flexible paper, board and plastic film. All coating colors contained a latex of standard grade, starch, pigment and the chemical compound used by enzyme, in this case β-D-glucose. The paper substrate used was a white top kraft liner with a grammage of 140 g/m2, while the board had a grammage of 244 g/m2. The plastic film used was a standard Mylar film. All coating colors with various amounts of the two pigments (without enzyme) were coated on the paper and board substrates. The resulting coat weight and the thermal conductivity were measured. The Cobb-Unger oil absorbency was evaluated using double coated plastic sheets for different pigment volume concentrations of the two pigments. The oxygen scavenging ability of the enzyme in the various coating colors coated on the barrier board was also evaluated. For the determination of enzyme activity, glucose oxidase, catalase and glucose were added to latex dispersions in the preparation of the coating colors. The enzymes were entrapped in the coating layers after coating and drying. The activity of enzyme incorporated in the coating dispersions was compared for the two different pigments. The results indicated that the pigment concentration had a significant effect on the enzyme activity.

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Gabriel, Christopher J. "Effect of localized structural perturbations on dendrimer structure." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1155662110.

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16

Breuzet, Michel. "Resonateurs a ondes elastiques de volume en materiaux amorphes." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066108.

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Stepto, Simon. "The effect of fibre volume on the mechanical properties of woven composite materials." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314218.

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18

Murphy, Alexander J. (Alexander James). "Effect of chemically induced mGluR-dependent long-term depression on dendritic spine volume." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62699.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 34-36).
Based on extracellular field recordings and stimulations at the Schaeffer collateral-CA1 synapse, the synaptic tagging and capture (STC) model has hypothesized that at synapses that express any form of LTP and LTD (long-term potentiation and depression, respectively) are tagged in a protein synthesis-independent manner, the induction of LLTP/ L-LTD leads to protein synthesis, and all tagged synapses can use the resulting plasticity-related products to express L-LTP/L-LTD. Several models have hypothesized that STC works through somatically synthesized plasticity-related protein products available to synapses throughout the neuron, suggesting that, at the single neuronal level, memory engrams are formed at synapses throughout the dendritic arbor. However, the Clustered Plasticity Hypothesis suggests that neurons store long-term memory engrams at synapses that tend to be spatially clustered within dendritic branches, as opposed to dispersed throughout the dendritic arbor. This hypothesis suggests that the dendritic branch, as opposed to the synapse, is the primary unit for long-term memory storage. Evidence for this hypothesis has come from studies of LTP, however, and there is no such data for LTD. This thesis establishes a single-synapse marker for LTD, namely spine length changes, that can be used to study the role of LTD and dendritic branch-specific plasticity.
by Alexander J. Murphy.
S.B.

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19

Redford, Siobhan. "The effect of exchange rate volatility on the volume of South African exports." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5706.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 26-27).
The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether a relationship between export volumes and exchange rate volatility exists as suggested in the ASGISA document. It goes about this by first investigating the theoretical channels that predict the relationship between export volumes and exchange rate volatility. The theoretical prediction though is ambiguous depending on the justification used to get to the result. Furthermore, the paper provides evidence that the empirical results are ambiguous as well as some countries tend to exhibit a negative relationship and others a positive relationship. Thus the paper goes on to estimate two measures of exchange rate volatility using the real effective exchange rate.

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Acosta, Mena Dionisio M. "Statistical classification of magnetic resonance imaging data." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390913.

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21

Tsai, Chang-Ching. "Propagation Effect in Inhomogeneous Media, Including Media with Light-Induced and Fixed Gratings." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4255.

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Optical waves propagation in various types of volume gratings, materials with constant impendence and optical fibers are studied. Instability of cross–phase modulation and of Energy transfer via GRON-type (Grating-type Orientational Nonlinearity in Liquid Crystal) Stimulated Scattering is numerically observed. Two diffractive optical elements made of volume gratings are suggested and analyzed. A transmission hologram based on the analogy with Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) in nonlinear optics is proposed. This transmission hologram demonstrates high diffraction efficiency and low sensitivity to polarization and hologram strength. The other is a reflection hologram with two crossed-gratings. It features good angular selectivity in comparison with the poor angular selectivity of conventional Bragg grating mirror. This defense also contains the approximation of Maxwell equations for the description of depolarized light sources and polarization-insensitive detectors. A scalar wave equation, Z-Helmholtz equation, is proposed and discussed in the approximation of constant impedance media. As examples, this equation successfully describes a) Fresnel transmission coefficient, and b) Goose-Hanschen shift in total internal reflection, for depolarized incident light and, at the same time, polarization-insensitive detectors. Evolution of polarization during light propagation in an inhomogeneous locally isotropic medium, and also in a single-mode fiber is described by Rytov's non-rotation equation. With arbitrary chosen real unit vector, the complete description of polarization change can be described in a single rotation angle obtained from the integral of rotation rate. Based on introduction of this reference frame, a device is suggested as rigid body's rotation sensor due to polarization change in a twisted fiber.
Ph.D.
Other
Optics and Photonics
Optics

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22

Dechman, Gail Sterns. "The effect of lung volume below normal functional residual capacity on respiratory system mechanics." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41568.

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This thesis examines changes in the mechanical behaviour of the canine and human respiratory systems to changes in lung volume below normal functional residual capacity (FRC). In open chested dogs lung elastance (E$ sb{ rm L}$) increased and lung resistance (R$ sb{ rm L}$) changed little with decreases in positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of the ventilatory circuit. The dominance of plastoelastic lung tissue properties at low lung volumes was used to interpret the lack of change in R$ sb{ rm L}$. Computed tomography demonstrated that pleural effusion (PE) created atelectasis in dependent caudal lung regions which contributed to the overall lung volume loss. PE produced a decrease in only lung vertical height while chest wall dimensions changed both vertically and horizontally. E$ sb{ rm L}$ and R$ sb{ rm L}$ increased while elastance and resistance of the chest wall were little affected by these shape and density changes. In close-chested, anesthetised, paralysed, ventilated humans a decrease in PEEP below normal FRC caused an increase in R$ sb{ rm L}$, E$ sb{ rm L}$ and both chest wall elastance and resistance. Median sternotomy caused E$ sb{ rm L}$ to increase with increasing PEEP while the negative volume dependence of R$ sb{ rm L}$ remained. Most of the difference between open-chested and closed-chested E$ sb{ rm L}$ was presumably due to lung collapse in the open-chested state.

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Wasik, Thomas. "Effect of fiber volume fraction on fracture mechanics in continuously reinforced fiber composite materials." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001163.

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24

Curtin, Samuel V. "Effect of acute oral creatine supplementation on muscle volume in young and older men." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0021/MQ58022.pdf.

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25

Bennour, Ziad. "Effect of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Viscosity on Stimulated Reservoir Volume for Shale Gas Recovery." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225563.

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26

Kim, Gyu Seok. "Small volume investigation of slip and twinning in magnesium single crystals." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENI072/document.

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X
A combined experimental and computational investigation of the deformation behavior of pure magnesium single crystal at the micron length scale has been carried out. Employing the recently exploited method of microcompression testing, uniaxial microcompression experiments have been performed on magnesium single crystals with [0001], [2-1-12], [10-11], [11-20] and [10-10] compression axes. The advantage of the microcompression method over conventional mechanical testing techniques is the ability to localize a single crystalline volume which is characterizable after deformation. The stress-strain relations resulting from microcompression experiments are presented and discussed in terms of orientation dependent slip activity, twinning mechanisms and an anisotropic size effect. Such a mechanistic picture of the deformation behavior is revealed through SEM, EBSD and TEM characterization of the deformation structures, and further supported by 3D discrete dislocation dynamics simulations. The [0001], [2-1-12], and [10-11] compression axes results show dislocation plasticity. Specifically, the deformation due to [0001] compression is governed by pyramidal slip and displays significant hardening and massive unstable shear at stresses above 500MPa. In the case of the two orientations with compression along an axis 45 degrees to the basal plane, unsurpringly it is found that basal slip dominates the deformation. In contrast, compression along the [11-20] and [10-10] directions show deformation twinning in addition to dislocation plasticity. In the case of compression along [11-20], the twinning leads to easy basal slip, while the twin resultant during compression along [10-10] does not lead to easy basal slip. In all cases, a size effect in the stress-strain behavior is observed; the flow stress increases with decreasing column diameter. Furthermore, the extent of the size effect is shown to depend strongly on the number of active slip systems; compression along the [0001] axis is associated with 12 slips systems and displays a saturation of the size effect at a diameter of 10μm, while the other orientations still show a significant size effect at this diameter. The experimental evidence of an orientation-dependent deformation behavior in flow stress has been investigated by 3D discrete dislocation dynamics simulations. Here, the code TRIDIS was modified for hcp structure and c/a ratio of Mg. By matching the simulation results to experimental results, some proper constitutive material parameters such as initial dislocation density, dislocation source length, the critical resolved shear stress were suggested. For the case of [0001] and [2-1-12] orientation, dislocation feature in the pillar during the deformation was exhibited and strain burst was discussed

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27

Zhou, Pin. "The Use of the Continuity Factor as a Tool to Represent Representative Elementary Volume in Rock Engineering Design." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-144591.

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28

Alves, Neri. "Transiente de corrente elétrica em amostras de PVDF devido a água de volume." Universidade de São Paulo, 1987. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/54/54132/tde-15042014-104053/.

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Uma condutividade evanescente, dependente do tempo, tem sido detectada nos filmes de PVDF da BembergFolien. Após muitos ciclos de polarização e despolarização, a corrente de absorção torna-se fortemente reduzida, para o mesmo nível das correntes de despolarização. Esta condutividade é facilmente observada, aparecendo na corrente de polarização pela aplicação de altos campos. É observada recuperação em amostras deixadas em atmosfera úmida. Nós interpretamos estas observações como sendo uma limpeza, pelo campo elétrico, dos íons gerados por uma acentuação da dissociação de moléculas de água absorvida no volume, pela ação deste campo.
A time dependent evanescent conductivity has been detected in BembergFoliem PVDF films. After many polarization-depolarization cycles, the absorption current became strongly reduced, to the same level as the depolarization one. It is easily seen at higher fields by a bump appearing in the polarization current Recovering is observed in samples left in humid atmosphere. We have interpreted these observations as an electric field ion cleaning of an electric field enhanced dissociation of bulk absorbed water molecules.

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Gan, Haiying. "Self-Assemblies Driven by the Hydrophobic Effect." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1389.

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Water is a simple molecule but is an essential part of life. One key aspect of the properties of water is the hydrophobic effect, and whilst there is an appreciation of this phenomenon at the macro-scale (raindrops falling off leaves) and the micro-scale (the structure of cellular systems), a complete understanding at the molecular level still eludes science. Addressing this issue, our studies involve synthetic supramolecular compounds that assemble in water via the hydrophobic effect. First of all, a novel water-soluble deep-cavity cavitand was synthesized. It possesses four endo methyl groups on top rim of the cavitand, eight water-solubilizing carboxylic acid groups coated on the cavitand exterior, and a relatively large hydrophobic interior. Compared to a previous well-studied water-soluble deep-cavity cavitand octa-acid (OA), this novel cavitand (TEMOA) possesses a non-monotonic assembly profile in the presence of a homologous series of straight-chain alkanes. Three supramolecular species were observed: 1:1, 2:2, and 2:2 and they are approximately isoenergetic. Second, we examined the guest-controlled self-sorting in assemblies. A mixture of OA and TEMOA formed hetero-capsular complex driven by the hydrophobic effect. The extent of homo- or hetero-dimerization is intimately tied to the size of the guest being encapsulated. TEMOA is less predisposed to dimerize than OA, thus TEMOA possesses the ability to form various self-assembled states, such as tetrameric and hexameric assemblies. Furthermore, we also discussed our observation of how external stimuli such as changing the nature or concentration of a co-solute salt influences a unique, unusual transition from one assembled state to another.

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30

Wan, Yin Xie Yang. "Examine the effect of geographic distance on breast cancer patients' utilization of high volume hospitals." [Iowa City, Iowa] : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/446.

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31

Fonweban, John Ngong, and Fonweban John Ngong. "Effect of upper stem diameter and errors of measurement on the accuracy of volume equations." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46056.

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Measurements of DBH, upper diameters, merchantable height and total heights were made on 80 standing white oaks (Quercus alba) which were then felled for detailed measurements of the same parameters. The data obtained were used to evaluate the accuracy of standing tree measurements, to develop and compare volume equations that used upper diameter as one of the predictor variables and to examine the contributions of individual predictor variables to total volume prediction bias and precision.

Relative bias ranged from 0.85% for DBH measurement errors to 2.88% for total height measurement errors. Relative standard deviation ranged from 1.52% to 10.13% for DBH and total height errors respectively. When both bias and precision ( standard deviation ) were considered jointly, the relative root mean squared error ranged from 1.75% to 10.48% for DBH and total height errors respectively. Upper diameter and merchantable height showed negative bias.

A comparison of eight fitted models against the combined variable model revealed a gain in precision and a reduction in bias for models that used upper diameter as a third predictor variable. The improvement as based on the relative root mean squared error ranged from 28.8% to 71.3% for taped measurements. However, models that used upper diameter as a substitute for either DBH or merchantable height performed worse than the combined variable model.

An analytic examination of the impact of measurement error on volume prediction bias showed that merchantable height errors accounted for most of the bias and that DBH and upper diameter errors contributed almost equal amounts(in absolute terms) to the volume bias.

Master of Science

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32

Grandfield, Darin J. "The Effect of Particle Surface Area to Volume Ratio on Ion Release from CoCr Spheres." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/119.

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In 2005, over 200,000 Americans underwent a hip arthroplasty, the replacement of a hip joint with an artificial prosthesis. Of these arthroplasties, metal-on-metal type implants represent an increasing usage percentage. Metal-on-metal implants are selected largely for their low volumetric wear rate, durability, and resistance to corrosion. In spite of these advantages, little is known concerning the long-term consequences of heavy metal alloy use in the body, although early research indicates potentially carcinogenic results. This thesis is a preliminary investigation into these long term effects and their root causes. An improved comprehension of the corrosion kinetics and the rate of ion production from the high surface energy wear debris released by implant articulation can assist in illustrating the relative clinical significance of exposure to these metallic bodies over time. This thesis primarily focuses on developing a test methodology for the detection and analysis of ion dissociation in simulated body fluids. In order to validate this test methodology, the ion dissociation rates and surface characteristics of several predetermined diameters of cobalt chromium alloy spherical particles were analyzed. The effect of changing particle diameter, and thus surface area to volume ratio, on ion dissociation rate was determined to be significant when not affected by localized agglomeration. Additionally, preferential corrosion of cobalt within individual grains was observed and correlated to elevated cobalt concentrations in the electrolyte. These results suggest that ion dissociation kinetics for true wear particles can be determined through the refinement and application of the methodology developed.

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Wan, Yin. "Examine the effect of geographic distance on breast cancer patients' utilization of high volume hospitals." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/446.

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Volume has been suggested as a surrogate quality indicator for breast cancer surgeries by several researchers. It is crucial to understand the underlying reasons as to why there is a disparity in utilization of high volume hospitals. However, the studies that investigated the mechanism underlying the disparity in high volume hospital utilization are very limited. The objectives of this study include: 1) examine the relationship between geographic differential distance and utilization of high volume hospitals; 2) investigate other demographic, socioeconomic and clinical factors that may affect patients' utilization of high volume hospitals. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to evaluate factors that impact patients' utilization of high volume hospitals. The study results showed that geographic distance is a significant factor that impedes patients' utilization of high volume hospitals, independent of patients' clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic characteristics. It was also found that white, non-Hispanic women, patients with higher education level are more likely to be admitted in high volume hospitals compared to low volume hospitals. These factors are also significant to patients' choice of medium vs. low volume hospitals. Geographic proximity is an important factor that affects patients' choice of hospital, and directing more patients to high volume hospitals should anticipate negative effects, such as increasing the cost of seeking care at high volume hospitals. Alternative strategies need to be developed to improve surgical outcomes without increasing patients' traveling related cost, such as enhancing the network between high volume hospitals and low volume hospitals, establishing radiation centers in rural areas.

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Koontz, Craig Alan. "Monte Carlo Investigation on the Effect of Heterogeneities on Strut Adjusted Volume Implant (SAVI) Dosimetry." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1373273576.

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Burow, Daniel Allen. "The Impacts of Lake-Effect Snow on Traffic Volume in Ohio and Indiana, 2011-2015." Thesis, The University of North Dakota, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10278772.

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Snowfall presents a hazard to drivers by reducing visibility and increasing safe stopping distances. As a result, some drivers cancel trips if snowfall is occurring or forecasted, and traffic volumes often decrease on snowy days. Lake-effect snow is very localized and is thus hypothesized to have a lesser influence on traffic volume than synoptic-scale snow, which usually covers a broader areal extent. Traffic volume in northeast Ohio and northern Indiana is studied using a matched-pair analysis to determine if volumes differ between lake-effect and synoptic-scale snowfall in these regions. While little statistical evidence is found to support this hypothesis, other relationships are discovered: lake-effect traffic volume is shown to be dependent in part on distance from the lake and population density of the surrounding area. Other trends relating traffic volume to time-of-day and accident patterns are also explored. Findings presented herein can assist in transportation planning, risk analysis, and roadway safety.

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Gokhale, Omkar S. "Experimental Study of Chamber Volume Effect on Bubble Growth from Orifice Plates Submerged in Liquid Pools." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1554217036036588.

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Boucher, Nicolas. "Etude structurale de cristaux liquides calamitiques en volume et aux interfaces." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210177.

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Les Oligothiophènes sont étudiés depuis une quinzaine d’années dans le cadre du développement d’applications électroniques et plus particulièrement des transistors à effet de champ organiques (OFETs). Dans ce contexte, une série de dialkylterthiophènes a été synthétisée et l’organisation supramoléculaire a été caractérisée en volume à l’aide de différentes techniques. L’analyse enthalpique différentielle nous a, tout d’abord permis de détecter les transitions de phases de chaque composé et de caractériser précisément les températures et les enthalpies de transitions. Nous avons constaté que chaque système présente une ou plusieurs phases cristal-liquides. Leur nature smectique ainsi que leur structure ont été identifiées par microscopie optique polarisée et par diffraction des rayons X. Pour les phases smectiques les plus ordonnées, la diffraction RX a révélé une organisation supramoléculaire à l’intérieur des plans smectiques, symptomatique de phases smectiques-cristallines. Les paramètres de maille de chaque système en phase cristalline ou SmG, ont été déterminés à l’aide d’une méthode de simulation. Les propriétés thermotropes et structurales sont discutées en fonction de la longueur des chaines alkyles.

Un composé cristal-liquide de la série précédente, le dioctylterthiophène, a ensuite été caractérisé en couche mince afin d’étudier les effets d’interfaces sur sa structure. La caractérisation, par diffraction des rayons X et microscopie à force atomique, de films minces de différentes épaisseurs, a révélé l’existence d’une phase ‘‘couche mince’’ à partir de leur interface substrat/composé et sur une épaisseur d’environ 30 nm. Au-delà de cette épaisseur, la phase en volume domine l’organisation supramoléculaire de chaque film. Aucune phase similaire (à la phase couche mince) n’a, par contre, été détectée à leur interface air/composé. Deux températures d’isotropisation ont donc été observées à 106°C pour la phase couche mince et à 90°C pour la phase en volume.

Enfin, le phénomène de pré-transition de phase à l’interface air/composé de films épais de dihexylterthiophène et de dioctylterthiophène, a été étudié par ellipsométrie. Cette technique nous a permis d’observer la formation progressive d’une couche anisotrope à l’interface air/composé de chaque film quelques degrés au dessus de leur température de transition de phase isotrope/smectique. L’épaisseur de chaque couche anisotrope augmente par couche smectique lorsque la température décroit vers la température de transition de phase isotrope/smectique. À l’approche de cette température de transition, nous avons constaté que chaque épaisseur diverge impliquant un mouillage complet de leur interface air/composé. L’épaisseur de chaque couche anisotrope augmente tout d’abord de manière logarithmique ;puis à l’approche de la température de transition, cette augmentation suit une loi de puissance.

Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Fahad, Hossain M. "Cylindrical Field Effect Transistor: A Full Volume Inversion Device." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/133952.

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The increasing demand for high performance as well as low standby power devices has been the main reason for the aggressive scaling of conventional CMOS transistors. Current devices are at the 32nm technology node. However, due to physical limitations as well as increase in short-channel effects, leakage, power dissipation, this scaling trend cannot continue and will eventually hit a barrier. In order to overcome this, alternate device topologies have to be considered altogether. Extensive research on ultra thin body double gate FETs and gate all around nanowire FETs has shown a lot of promise. Under strong inversion, these devices have demonstrated increased performance over their bulk counterparts. This is mainly attributed to full carrier inversion in the body. However, these devices are still limited by lithographic and processing challenges making them unsuitable for commercial production. This thesis explores a unique device structure called the CFET (Cylindrical Field Effect Transistors) which also like the above, relies on complete inversion of carriers in the body/bulk. Using dual gates; an outer and an inner gate, full-volume inversion is possible with benefits such as enhanced drive currents, high Ion/Ioff ratios and reduced short channel effects.

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Ho, An-Li, and 何安立. "The Effect of Perceived Weight on Volume Judgment." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39234377410550472023.

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碩士
明新科技大學
管理研究所
101
In many purpose of various containers, the packaging will cause different weight. Research has shown that packaging appearance can affect consumers' volume judgment. However, research rarely consider to discussing the role of container weight in volume judgment. This study explored the effect of weight on volume judgment within the viewpoint of the embodied cognition. Also, the mediate effect of need for touch is included. This research adopted the experimental method. There are two STUDIES in the research. Firstly, the STUDY 1 is designed to explore the effect of perceived weight on volume judgment. Two kinds of weight, product weight and carrying weight, were included. STUDY 1A was to explore effect of the product weight on volume judgment. The results indicated that the product weight had a significant influence on product judgment. Participants who hold a heavy container perceived more volume than those who hold a light container. STUDY 1B examined the effect of the carrying weight experience on volume judgment. The results showed that participants who carry a heavy shopping bag perceived more volume than those who carry a light shopping bag. Secondly, STUDY2 added NFT to explore the interference of weight on volume judgment. By adopting a 2 (weight: heavy vs. light) x 2 (NFT: high vs. low) experimental design, the results indicated that, high NFT participants, they perceived more volume when they carried a light bag than when carried a heavy bag. And, there is no significant effect of carrying weight on volume judgment for participants who with low NFT.

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謝易修. "Abnormal Volume Effect on the CAPM with Heteroskedasticity." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53793421629772749910.

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碩士
逢甲大學
統計學系統計與精算碩士班
102
In this paper, we develop a nonlinear quantile CAPM with heteroskedasticity, nonlinear market betas, nonlinear lagged abnormal volume factor, and nonlinear volatility dynamics. It’s widely reported that volume is related to return and such volume-return relationship provides insight into financial market structures and reflects investors’ preferences. Hence, we employ HP-filter to separate the log-volume time series into a stochastic growth trend of volume and the abnormal volume time series. We add the lagged abnormal volume factor in CAPM to capture irrational behavior, to provide predicting information, and to enhance the explanatory power of CAPM. Quantile regression is employed to examine the dependence of lagged volume on return which is uncovered by mean regression. To efficiently estimate the coefficients, Bayesian MCMC methods with asymmetric Laplace distribution are utilized. We analyze six Dow Jones Industrial stocks to demonstrate our proposed models. The results exhibit significantly negative effects of abnormal volume on stock excess return under low quantile levels while there are significantly positive effects under high quantile levels. Each Market beta varies with different quantile levels, representing fluctuations of systematic risk in the stock market. We observe that the coefficients of lag-one stock excess return and abnormal volume are asymmetric between lower regime and upper regime under extreme quantile levels. This work confirms that extreme trading volume contains information about the future evolution of stock prices. More importantly, considering abnormal volume factor could enhance the explanatory power of CAPM and provide considerations in behavioral finance. Adopting these findings, fund managers and investors could have more flexible strategies than using the traditional CAPM.

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CHENG, HSIAO-LIN, and 鄭曉琳. "The Maturity Effect and Volume Effect of the Future：the Application CARR Model." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ehg34u.

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碩士
銘傳大學
財務金融學系碩士班
94
The study examines the maturity effect and volume effect of the price volatility of the futures. The daily price range of S&P 500 index futures are applied in this study. The daily price range is further divided into the up-range and the down-range, and the stylish effects differences between before and after the 911 are also discussed. The empirical results show that price range provides more information contents than the daily closing price; and the down-range data demonstrate more significant maturity effects, especially after the 911.

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Chen, Wei Ting, and 陳暐婷. "The Effect of Spatial Ability on perceived Volume Judgement." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29733543750722319094.

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碩士
明新科技大學
企業管理研究所
100
The shape of the container influences the judgment of consumers on the volume of the container. Among which, the elongation bias was more frequently discussed. The so-called elongation bias refers to the case where for a tall slender versus a short wide cylindrical container both with the same volume the consumers tend to consider the tall slender one to have a larger volume. Although the effects due to elongation bias were well discussed in the literature, little was known about the effects of spatial ability and weight on the volume judgment. The main purpose of this research was to address the interference from spatial ability and weight on the elongation bias. This research was conducted according to experimental methods. There were four experiments. The first experiment, adopting a “2 (spatial ability: high vs. low) x 2 (container shape: tall slender vs. short wide)” experimental design, addressed the question whether the volume judgment of people with different spatial ability would be affected by the shape of the container. The results demonstrated that people with either high or low spatial ability exhibited no significant differences on the volume judgment. The similar elongation bias was remained. In the second experiment with the introduction of the effect from cognitive load, utilizing a “2 (spatial ability: high vs. low) x 2 (cognitive load: with vs. without) x 2 (container shape: tall slender vs. short wide)” experimental design, the interference of cognitive bias on spatial ability and elongation bias was investigated. The results showed that cognitive load made no contribution to the volume judgment of people having different spatial ability. Elongation bias stayed unchanged for volume judgment. The third experiment addressed the effect of weight on elongation bias, adopting a “2 (sense of weight: light vs. heavy) x 2 (container shape: tall slender vs. short wide)”experimental design. The results demonstrated that the weight factor interfered with volume judgment. In the presence of the feel of heavy weight, elongation bias no longer existed. In the fourth experiment, the consistency of the sense of weight was further introduced. The experiment adopted a “2 (weight consistency: consistent vs. inconsistent) x 2 (sense of weight: light vs. heavy) x 2 (container shape: tall slender vs. short wide)”design. The results suggested that when the consistency of weight of the container was maintained, no matter heavy or light, no differences were found on the volume judgment for people under test. However, under the circumstance where the weight was made inconsistent, the people subjected to the test considered the heavier tall slender container to have a larger volume than that of the lighter short wide container. And they also considered the heavier short wide container to have a larger volume than that of the lighter tall slender container. In other words, when the weight factor came into play, the people under test would utilize that information as a cue for volume judgment.

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Su, Chuan-Yu, and 蘇傳宇. "Trading Volume and the M&A Announcement Effect." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ckt5e8.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
商學研究所
105
This study investigates the relationship between unusually low trading volume of the bidder’s stock over the week prior to its M&A announcement and the announcement effect of the M&A bidder. The empirical result suggests that (1) the unusually low trading volume over the week prior to its M&A announcement signals bad news about the announcement effect; (2) this effect is more pronounced among stocks with higher short-selling constraints. Our findings posit that unusually low trading volume signals negative information, since, under short-selling constraints, informed agents stay by the sidelines. In addition, past research regarding to high volume premium are insufficient to explain the results. This shows that the underlying driver for the volume prompted price movements is different for unusually high and low volume shocks.

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Lin, Yi-Chun, and 林奕均. "The Effect of Initial Volume Fraction on Granular Collapse." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z3z2yw.

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碩士
國立中央大學
能源工程研究所
106
This study experimentally investigates the dam-break collapse process of a dry granular step in a transparent glass chute by particle image analysis. Two types of uniform spherical glass beads were piled up with four different bed volume fraction to elucidate their flow characteristics. For all cases in this study, the pile bed high and aspect ratio are all the same. PIV (Particle image velocimetry) were used to analysis for the velocity profiles measured at the side wall. Failure surface, deposit profile and flow regime are discussed by processing the recorded image. The case with fine particles shows more stability than coarse case during the experiment because there are more particles contacted which bring about higher friction angle. The effect of increasing volume fraction is similar, like the flow area of collapsing of dense cases are smaller than loose one. But there is not much effect of volume fraction on velocity magnitude. The variety of velocity in the process and the maximum value in each cases are approximative.

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45

Kamper, Maarten. "Changes in the soil volume exploited by roots as influenced by differential treatments." Diss., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24609.

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Due to the fact that the mechanism of acquisition of phosphorus (P) by roots, is mainly by interception, sufficient P uptake is only ensured by maximal root development ("exploitation"). Pot and field trials were conducted to determine the percentage exploitation of the soil volume by roots. The influence of P on root growth of Zea Mays was also studied. Previously, roots were described in terms of root density (cm cm-2, cm cm-3, gram cm-2 and gram cm-3). In this study roots are described in terms of exploitation which combines length, mass and the rhizosphere. The Gompertz function was used to model exploitation by roots as influenced by P application. P along with nitrogen and potassium, had a highly significant (P < 0.001) effect on root growth in the pot experiments. The root systems' function changed after 14 days from nutrient acquisition to shoot supportive. P had no significant effect on root growth in the field trial. Growth was governed by soil moisture, as dryer positions exhibited higher growth. The high P plot had much less root growth in the subsoil than the low P plot. Gompertz functions revealed subtle differences between different treatments. During the first two weeks (when most P uptake occur) roots exploited at the most 1 % of the top soil volume. This implies that any soil analysis (Bray-1 value), should be divided by ≈ 100 to render the "exploitable" P. When considering the total P uptake of a maize crop (5 kg P ton-I), this means that the crop acquires only ≈ 6% of its P from the "plant available" pool (that is represented by the Bray-1 value). This suggests that roots are indeed able to extract the P from "plant unavailable" pools. Therefore, the term "plant available" is misleading and not descriptive concerning P uptake, and its use should be discontinued.
Dissertation (MSc (Soil Science))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Plant Production and Soil Science
unrestricted

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Henry, Elizabeth Love Standley Jayne M. "The effect of music volume on simulated interstate driving skills." Diss., 2005. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12072005-115027/.

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Thesis (M.M.) Florida State University, 2005.
Advisor: Jayne Standley, Florida State University, College of Music. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed 6-26-07). Document formatted into pages; contains 26 pages. Includes biographical sketch. Includes bibliographical references.

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Chou, Mei-Ling, and 周玫玲. "The Effect of Volume Control Mechanism on Hospital Quality Care." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36660548610162818440.

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Jhan, Pei-Shan, and 詹珮姍. "The effect of iso-volume maneuver on abdominal breathing training." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yvc9qm.

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Chao, Yu-Huan, and 趙宇桓. "The Effect of Financial Forecast on the Risk and Trading Volume." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12406114416360918617.

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碩士
中原大學
會計研究所
91
Abstract Most of study followed “event study” to verify the effects of financial information on the market, and it assumed that the systematic risk β is stable. But recent studies foundβmay shift by time. If βshift is a fact, related researches have better control the influence of βshift in order to avoid bias. This study applied dimson model (1979) to estimate βvalue and its shift during financial forecast announcement. The results indicated that more than 10% of samples had the facts of βshift under 10% significant level. Otherwise, we found that the smaller size the company is, the larger βshift the company had, and the more precise of company’s financial forecast announcement, the smaller βshift the company had. And by examining different time interval during the year, we also found that the influence of announcement was getting weaker and weaker when the time was close to the end of the year. This result implied that the main value of financial forecast is “forecast”, when the time of forecast period decreased, the effect of the “forecast value” would decrease. Trading volume is another important measurement to examine the effect of financial announcement on the market. After examining whether the β shifts or not, this study also tested the abnormal trading volume during financial forecast announcement is influenced by βshift or information content. The results indicated that abnormal trading volume was impacted by both of them, but information content had stronger relation with it.

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鄭華. "Effect of Volume Fraction of Coarse Aggregate on Chloride Transportation Behavior." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51812238194578681710.

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碩士
國立海洋大學
材料工程研究所
90
The permeability of cement paste is influenced primarily by pore structure (porosity, size, and connectivity), which is a function of the water-to-cement ratio (w/c) and the degree of hydration. The aggregates which are commonly used in concrete typically have a much lower permeability than the composite concrete in four ways: dilution, tortuosity, interfacial transition zone (ITZ), and percolation. A description of each effect is provided in the following section. The results show that when water ratios are 0.35 and 0.45, volume fractions of coarse aggregate are above 40% and 20%, the influence of aggregates on interfacial transition zone and percolation effects can be detected. The water ratios are 0.35 and 0.45, volume fractions of coarse aggregate are under 40% and 20%, the behavior of chloride ions transportation was influences by dilution and tortuosity effect.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Volume effect'

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