Journal articles: 'Voltage Optimization'

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Lawrence, R. "Voltage optimization." IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 12, no. 5 (September 2006): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mia.2006.1678384.

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Komrska, Tomáš, and Tomáš Glasberger. "Pulse Width Modulation of Three Phase Inverters Based on Linear Programming." TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 8, no. 3 (March 30, 2020): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/tee.2019.3.044.

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Traditional three-phase voltage-source inverters supplied by constant dc-link voltage usually utilize the space vector PWM to achieve maximum output voltage. This paper deals with optimization of inverter leg voltages using linear programming method. System definition is based on the relationship between the known voltage vector, which is demanded by an upper control loop and the unknown leg voltages which enter the carrier-based PWM block as modulation signals. A slack variable is introduced to the system as minimization objective, defining border for all leg voltages. Optimization procedure minimizes leg voltage maxima, and thus, the maximum utilization of the dc-link voltage is ensured. The theoretical assumptions have been verified by simulations as well as by experiments on laboratory prototype.

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Di Fazio, Anna, Mario Russo, and Michele De Santis. "Zoning Evaluation for Voltage Optimization in Distribution Networks with Distributed Energy Resources." Energies 12, no. 3 (January 26, 2019): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030390.

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This paper deals with the problem of the voltage profile optimization in a distribution system including distributed energy resources. Adopting a centralized approach, the voltage optimization is a non-linear programming problem with large number of variables requiring a continuous remote monitoring and data transmission from/to loads and distributed energy resources. In this study, a recently-proposed Jacobian-based linear method is used to model the steady-state operation of the distribution network and to divide the network into voltage control zones so as to reformulate the centralized optimization as a quadratic programming of reduced dimension. New clustering methods for the voltage control zone definition are proposed to consider the dependence of the nodal voltages on both active and reactive powers. Zoning methodologies are firstly tested on a 24-nodes low voltage network and, then, applied to the voltage optimization problem with the aim of analyzing the impact of the R/X ratios on the zone evaluation and on the voltage optimization solution.

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Saeed, Wafaa, and Layth Tawfeeq. "Voltage Collapse Optimization for the Iraqi Extra High Voltage 400 kV Grid based on Particle Swarm Optimization." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.13.1.3.

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The continuously ever-growing demand for the electrical power causing the continuous expansion and complexity of power systems, environmental and economic factors forcing the system to work near the critical limits of stability, so research's stability have become research areas worthy of attention in the resent day. The present work includes two phases: The first one is to determine the Voltage Stability Index for the more insensitive load bus to the voltage collapse in an interconnected power system using fast analyzed method based on separate voltage and current for PQ buses from these of PV buses, while the second phase is to suggested a simulated optimization technique for optimal voltage stability profile all around the power system. The optimization technique is used to adjust the control variables elements: Generator voltage magnitude, active power of PV buses, VAR of shunt capacitor banks and the position of transformers tap with satisfied the limit of the state variables (load voltages, generator reactive power and the active power of the slack bus). These control variables are main effect on the voltage stability profile to reach the peak prospect voltage stable loading with acceptable voltage profile. An optimized voltage collapse based on Particle Swarm Optimization has been tested on both of the IEEE 6 bus system and the Iraqi Extra High Voltage 400 kV Grid 28 bus. To ensure the effectiveness of the optimization technique a comparison between the stability indexes for load buses before and after technical application are presented. Simulation results have been executed using Matlab software.

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Sosnina, Elena, Aleksey Kralin, Anatoly Asabin, and Evgeny Kryukov. "Medium-Voltage Distribution Network Parameter Optimization Using a Thyristor Voltage Regulator." Energies 15, no. 15 (August 8, 2022): 5756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155756.

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The article is devoted to the study of steady-state conditions of a distribution network containing a thyristor voltage regulator. The thyristor voltage regulator (TVR) is a new controlled semiconductor device developed at Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n.a. R.E. Alekseev (NNSTU). The TVR allows the optimization of the parameters of 6–20 kV distribution networks (currents and voltages) by voltage regulation. An analytical calculation of electromagnetic processes of a distribution network with the TVR has been carried out. The verification of the obtained results has been made using a computer simulation. The dependences of the current and power on additional voltage introduced by the TVR under different voltage regulation modes have been obtained. It has been shown that the use of the TVR enables optimal flow distribution to be ensured over the power transmission lines in proportion to their transfer capability when changing load power and its power factor.

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Maria, Bartalesi, Brambilla, Pistoni, and Orrea. "Optical Voltage Transducer for Embedded Medium Voltage Equipment: Design and Parameters Optimization." Proceedings 15, no. 1 (July 10, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019015017.

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An Optical Voltage Sensor prototype has been developed suitable for operating as embedded sensor in capacitive dividers for monitoring Medium Voltage in distribution networks. It is based on a retracing scheme, which consists of Lithium Tantalate crystals used as voltage transducers, and on telecom standard single mode fibre components. In this work a optimization of the optical layout via a numerical and an experimental investigation is reported for guaranteeing the OVS sensor survival under fast over-voltages. Tests carried out under different configurations of the electric circuit did not evidenced critical electric field gradients within the transduction path which could damage or deteriorate over time the performance of the OVS sensor.

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Bradford, Jolene A., Matthew Shallice, Ramiro Diz, Carol Oxford, Manik Punj, Kate Alford, Phil Donaldson, Barbara Seredick, Gayle Buller, and Patricia Sardina. "Multicolor Immunophenotyping using Flow Cytometry: Evaluation of Multiple Methods for Instrument Optimization." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2018): 120.37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.120.37.

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Abstract A basic tool of the Immunologist, multicolor flow cytometry is a technology that uses multiple fluorescent markers to identify and characterize populations of cells. To obtain high quality fluorescent flow cytometry data, a well-optimized instrument is required. The most common type of detector is the photo-multiplier tube (PMT), which amplifies signal from emitted light photons by applying a voltage to the PMT. As the voltage is increased the fluorescent signal is increasingly separated from background, providing greater resolution of the positive signal. However, at a certain voltage, the increasing separation of fluorescent signal from background will plateau and the separation of fluorescent signal from background will remain constant. This is called the minimum voltage required; an ideal minimal voltage will amplify dim signal above background, but is not so high that the fluorescent signal exceeds the upper range of PMT linearity. In most cases, adjusting voltages above the minimal voltage does not increase the separation, while voltages below the minimal voltage requirement compromise detection of dim fluorescent signal. A variety of methods have been proposed to optimize the PMT voltage, most using a technique called the voltage walk, or voltration. This study compares a variety of techniques and calculations, using different types of hard-dyed beads that are detected in all channels but do not include specific fluorophores used for typical experimentation; both cells and antibody-capture beads labeled with fluorophores specific to a detector; Electronic Noise (EN) of the PMT, and methods combining these approaches. For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.

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Cristea, M., and F. Babarada. "Optimization techniques for p-GTO thyristor design." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1216, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1216/1/012013.

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Abstract A new type of semiconductor power device was devised in the early ’90s as an alternative to the classic Gate Turn-Off (GTO) thyristor. Because the low-doped n-base was replaced by a low-doped p-base, it was called the p-GTO. Its main advantage is a higher possible control voltage when the device is switched off, leading to the possibility of a higher blocking anode current (IATO) and a lower turn-off time. The studies and techniques employed with the help of SILVACO-TCAD simulation software Athena and Atlas show that the p-GTO has higher breakdown voltages compared with its classic counterpart and similar on-state voltage (VT) and switching characteristics when replacing the GTO in the same circuit. Specific circuit improvements, like an affordable higher turn-off gate voltage, will drive the p-GTO into even faster switching operation.

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Liu, Zhipeng, Andrew Clark, Phillip Lee, Linda Bushnell, Daniel Kirschen, and Radha Poovendran. "Submodular Optimization for Voltage Control." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 33, no. 1 (January 2018): 502–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2017.2691320.

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Mei, Zhiting, Jingyang Fang, and Stefan Goetz. "Control and Optimization of Lattice Converters." Electronics 11, no. 4 (February 15, 2022): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11040594.

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Multilevel converters continue their upward trend in renewable generation, electric vehicles, and power quality conditioning applications. Despite having satisfactory voltage capabilities, mainstream multilevel converters suffer from poor current sharing performances, thereby leading to the development of lattice converters, i.e., a strong and versatile type of future multilevel power converters. This article addresses two problems faced by lattice converters. First, we propose and detail how to optimize the efficiency of a given lattice converter by controlling the on/off states of H-bridge submodules. Second, we introduce the method that determines the voltage at each node of the converter in order to satisfy output voltage and current requirements. Design and analysis of lattice converters need a different mathematical toolbox than routinely exercised in power electronics. By use of graph theory, this article provides control methods of 3 × 3 and 4 × 4 lattice converters, satisfying various control objectives such as input/output terminals and output voltages. We further validate the methods with simulation results. The methodologies, algorithms, and special cases described in the article will aid further design and refinement of more efficient and easy-to-control lattice converters.

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Nakadomari, Akito, Ryuto Shigenobu, Takeyoshi Kato, Narayanan Krishnan, Ashraf Mohamed Hemeida, Hiroshi Takahashi, and Tomonobu Senjyu. "Unbalanced Voltage Compensation with Optimal Voltage Controlled Regulators and Load Ratio Control Transformer." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 2997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14112997.

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Penetration of equipment such as photovoltaic power generations (PV), heat pump water heaters (HP), and electric vehicles (EV) introduces voltage unbalance issues in distribution systems. Controlling PV and energy storage system (ESS) outputs or coordinated EV charging are investigated for voltage unbalance compensation. However, some issues exist, such as dependency on installed capacity and fairness among consumers. Therefore, the ideal way to mitigate unbalanced voltages is to use grid-side equipment mainly. This paper proposes a voltage unbalance compensation based on optimal tap operation scheduling of three-phase individual controlled step voltage regulators (3ϕSVR) and load ratio control transformer (LRT). In the formulation of the optimization problem, multiple voltage unbalance metrics are comprehensively included. In addition, voltage deviations, network losses, and coordinated tap operations, which are typical issues in distribution systems, are considered. In order to investigate the mutual influence among voltage unbalance and other typical issues, various optimization problems are formulated, and then they are compared by numerical simulations. The results show that the proper operation of 3ϕSVRs and LRT effectively mitigates voltage unbalance. Furthermore, the results also show that voltage unbalances and other typical issues can be improved simultaneously with appropriate formulations.

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Li, Cheng Xi, Wen Jun Yan, and Qiang Yang. "Power Factor Optimization of Distributed Generations in Distribution Networks Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Method." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 1408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.1408.

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The gradually extensive penetration of small-scale distributed renewable generators in existing medium-voltage power distribution networks highlights many technical challenges which call for urgent solutions from power utilities. This paper attempts to optimize the power factor of distributed generators (DGs) integrated in distribution networks and presents a novel algorithmic solution. With the aim of minimizing power loss whilst maintaining the node voltage, the problem is formulated with a mathematical model elaborating the DGs and a set of constraints in distribution networks and addressed through adopting an extended particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach. The suggested algorithm is assessed through numerical simulation experiments with the IEEE 33-bus system and the outcome shows that the optimization algorithm can effectively reduce the power loss and promote the node voltages across the overall distribution network.

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Bakhshideh Zad, Bashir, Jean-François Toubeau, and François Vallée. "Chance-Constrained Based Voltage Control Framework to Deal with Model Uncertainties in MV Distribution Systems." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 5161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165161.

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In this paper, a chance-constrained (CC) framework is developed to manage the voltage control problem of medium-voltage (MV) distribution systems subject to model uncertainty. Such epistemic uncertainties are inherent in distribution system analyses given that an exact model of the network components is not available. In this context, relying on the simplified deterministic models can lead to insufficient control decisions. The CC-based voltage control framework is proposed to tackle this issue while being able to control the desired protection level against model uncertainties. The voltage control task disregarding the model uncertainties is firstly formulated as a linear optimization problem. Then, model uncertainty impacts on the above linear optimization problem are evaluated. This analysis defines that the voltage control problem subject to model uncertainties should be modelled with a joint CC formulation. The latter is accordingly relaxed to individual CC optimizations using the proposed methods. The performance of proposed CC voltage control methods is finally tested in comparison with that of the robust optimization. Simulation results confirm the accuracy of confidence level expected from the proposed CC voltage control formulations. The proposed technique allows the system operators to tune the confidence level parameter such that a tradeoff between operation costs and conservatism level is attained.

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Ai, Yu, Yunming Shi, Shaoyong Chen, Zehui Zhang, Shuai Zhao, and Jianqiang Liu. "High-Voltage Isolated Multiple Output Auxiliary Power Supply with Output Voltage Self-Regulation." Energies 15, no. 6 (March 13, 2022): 2106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062106.

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Power electronic transformers (PETs) have high voltage isolation requirements and a large number of modules, which requires the auxiliary power supply (APS) to achieve high voltage isolation and multiple outputs. This paper proposes a parameter optimization method for the current source APS applied to PETs, enabling the APS to have multiple output voltage self-regulation capabilities. By optimizing the excitation inductance and leakage inductance for the current transformer of the APS, the excitation current plays a regulating role in energy transmission, thus realizing the self-regulation of the output voltages. The proposed method enables the voltage deviation and voltage change of the output modules to be suppressed under the unbalanced loads and large load fluctuations. Moreover, the APS can still operate normally when a short-circuit or an open-circuit fault occurs on the output sides. Therefore, the stability and reliability of the APS are improved, and the design difficulty of the post-stage voltage regulator circuit is also reduced. Finally, the simulation results are given, and a prototype containing three output modules was built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed parameter optimization method.

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Hou, Yunhai, and Yu Wang. "Optimization of Capacitor Voltage Control Strategy for MMC Sub-module." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2166, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2166/1/012036.

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Abstract Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is widely studied and used because of its own advantages such as high output level number, low switching frequency and good waveform quality. The voltage equalization problem of sub-module capacitors is one of the key research directions of MMC. In the paper, a sorting method of inter-group comparison in two groups, called OF sorting method, is proposed first. The maximum time complexity of this method of sorting is N-1, but the use of this method is limited. Therefore, a new MMC hybrid sorting voltage equalization algorithm is proposed on this basis. This paper proposes a capacitor voltage equalization control strategy based on the combination of improved equalization sorting algorithm and improved insertion sorting algorithm, which reduces the computational effort by monitoring the sub-module capacitance voltage in real time, setting the dispersion index between sub-module voltages, and then controlling the opening and holding of the sorting module to reduce the number of elements to be ranked one by one. Finally, the MMC model is built in Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results show that the improved equalization control strategy can effectively reduce the computational effort and reduce the switching frequency of sub-modules on the basis of better maintaining the capacitor voltage balance.

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Li, Xingmin, Hongwei Li, Shuaibing Li, Ziwei Jiang, and Xiping Ma. "Review on Reactive Power and Voltage Optimization of Active Distribution Network with Renewable Distributed Generation and Time-Varying Loads." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (November 23, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1196369.

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With a high proportion of renewable distributed generation and time-varying load connected to the distribution network, great challenges have appeared in the reactive power optimization control of the active distribution networks. This paper first introduces the characteristics of active distribution networks, the mechanism and research status of wind power, photovoltaic, and other renewable distributed generators, and time-varying loads participating in reactive power and voltage optimization. Then, the paper summarizes the methods of reactive power optimization and voltage regulation of active distribution network, including multi-timescale voltage optimization, coordinated optimization of network reconfiguration and reactive power optimization, coordinated optimization of active and reactive power optimization based on model predictive control, hierarchical and zoning control of reactive power, and voltage and power electronic switch voltage regulation. The pros and cons of the reactive power optimization algorithms mentioned above are summarized. Finally, combined with the development trend of the energy Internet, the future directions of reactive power and voltage control technology in the active distribution network are discussed.

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Hassan, A. S. Jameel, Umar Marikkar, G. W. Kasun Prabhath, Aranee Balachandran, W. G. Chaminda Bandara, Parakrama B. Ekanayake, Roshan I. Godaliyadda, and Janaka B. Ekanayake. "A Sensitivity Matrix Approach Using Two-Stage Optimization for Voltage Regulation of LV Networks with High PV Penetration." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 6596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206596.

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The occurrence of voltage violations is a major deterrent for absorbing more rooftop solar power into smart Low-Voltage Distribution Grids (LVDGs). Recent studies have focused on decentralized control methods to solve this problem due to the high computational time in performing load flows in centralized control techniques. To address this issue, a novel sensitivity matrix was developed to estimate the voltages of the network by replacing load flow simulations. In this paper, a Centralized Active, Reactive Power Management System (CARPMS) is proposed to optimally utilize the reactive power capability of smart Photovoltaic (PV) inverters with minimal active power curtailment to mitigate the voltage violation problem. The developed sensitivity matrix is able to reduce the time consumed by 55.1% compared to load flow simulations, enabling near-real-time control optimization. Given the large solution space of power systems, a novel two-stage optimization is proposed, where the solution space is narrowed down by a Feasible Region Search (FRS) step, followed by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The failure of standalone PSO to converge to a feasible solution for 34% of the scenarios evaluated further validates the necessity of the two-stage optimization using FRS. The performance of the proposed methodology was analysed in comparison to the load flow method to demonstrate the accuracy and the capability of the optimization algorithm to mitigate voltage violations in near-real time. The deviations of the mean voltages of the proposed methodology from the load flow method were: 6.5×10−3 p.u for reactive power control using Q-injection, 1.02×10−2 p.u for reactive power control using Q-absorption, and 0 p.u for active power curtailment case.

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Hassan, A. S. Jameel, Umar Marikkar, G. W. Kasun Prabhath, Aranee Balachandran, W. G. Chaminda Bandara, Parakrama B. Ekanayake, Roshan I. Godaliyadda, and Janaka B. Ekanayake. "A Sensitivity Matrix Approach Using Two-Stage Optimization for Voltage Regulation of LV Networks with High PV Penetration." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 6596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206596.

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The occurrence of voltage violations is a major deterrent for absorbing more rooftop solar power into smart Low-Voltage Distribution Grids (LVDGs). Recent studies have focused on decentralized control methods to solve this problem due to the high computational time in performing load flows in centralized control techniques. To address this issue, a novel sensitivity matrix was developed to estimate the voltages of the network by replacing load flow simulations. In this paper, a Centralized Active, Reactive Power Management System (CARPMS) is proposed to optimally utilize the reactive power capability of smart Photovoltaic (PV) inverters with minimal active power curtailment to mitigate the voltage violation problem. The developed sensitivity matrix is able to reduce the time consumed by 55.1% compared to load flow simulations, enabling near-real-time control optimization. Given the large solution space of power systems, a novel two-stage optimization is proposed, where the solution space is narrowed down by a Feasible Region Search (FRS) step, followed by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The failure of standalone PSO to converge to a feasible solution for 34% of the scenarios evaluated further validates the necessity of the two-stage optimization using FRS. The performance of the proposed methodology was analysed in comparison to the load flow method to demonstrate the accuracy and the capability of the optimization algorithm to mitigate voltage violations in near-real time. The deviations of the mean voltages of the proposed methodology from the load flow method were: 6.5×10−3 p.u for reactive power control using Q-injection, 1.02×10−2 p.u for reactive power control using Q-absorption, and 0 p.u for active power curtailment case.

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Chitrakala, G., N. Stalin, and V. Mohan. "Normally Bypassed Cascaded Sources Multilevel Inverter with RGA Optimization for Reduced Output Distortion and Formulaic Passive Filter Design." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 02 (April 3, 2019): 2050019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812662050019x.

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The distributed generation involving multiple photovoltaic sources and synthesizing high-quality ac voltage from those multiple dc sources are nascent research ambits. A host of multilevel inverters (MLIs) has been ascertained for performing above errand diligently, where the component count is obnoxious. The single phase seven-level inverter is an acquiescent compromise between the circuit complexity and the quality of the output. Further enhancement on the performance can be succored through optimizing dc link voltages and switching angles. This paper proposes a component count pruned MLI structure and also a refined genetic algorithm (RGA)-based optimization scheme for the computation of both dc link voltages and switching angles. Previous attempts for this problem have solved the switching angles with the objective of resulting minimum harmonic content in the staircase-shaped output voltage. The dc link voltage of each level is however assumed to be the same and constant. As an extension, RGA-based optimization of both dc link voltages and switching angles is triumphed. The harmonic profile of the proposed switching strategy is simulated and also corroborated by a hardware prototype. In practice, the proposed fundamental switched strategy is apposite, in which each dc voltage can be self-maintained and independently controlled. In addition, a method for designing the passive LC filter is also presented.

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Majeed, Issah Babatunde, Amevi Acakpovi, and Mathias B. Michael. "Optimization of High Voltage Distribution System." Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 14, no. 7 (July 15, 2017): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.14.4787.

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Suenaga, Shinya, Yasuyuki Tada, and Hiroaki Seki. "Realization of Online Voltage Profile Optimization." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 139, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes.139.251.

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Li, Haoen, Anjan Bose, and Vaithianathan Mani Venkatasubramanian. "Wide-Area Voltage Monitoring and Optimization." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 7, no. 2 (March 2016): 785–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2467215.

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Awadalla, S. A., M. Al-Grafi, and K. Iniewski. "High voltage optimization in CdZnTe detectors." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 764 (November 2014): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2014.07.026.

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Abdel-Salam, Mazen, and E. Keith Stanek. "Field Optimization of High-Voltage Insulators." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications IA-22, no. 4 (July 1986): 594–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.1986.4504768.

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Pérez Archila, Luis Miguel, Juan David Bastidas-Rodríguez, Rodrigo Correa, Luz Adriana Trejos Grisales, and Daniel Gonzalez-Montoya. "A Solution of Implicit Model of Series-Parallel Photovoltaic Arrays by Using Deterministic and Metaheuristic Global Optimization Algorithms." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 12, 2020): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040801.

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The implicit model of photovoltaic (PV) arrays in series-parallel (SP) configuration does not require the LambertW function, since it uses the single-diode model, to represent each submodule, and the implicit current-voltage relationship to construct systems of nonlinear equations that describe the electrical behavior of a PV generator. However, the implicit model does not analyze different solution methods to reduce computation time. This paper formulates the solution of the implicit model of SP arrays as an optimization problem with restrictions for all the variables, i.e., submodules voltages, blocking diode voltage, and strings currents. Such an optimization problem is solved by using two deterministic (Trust-Region Dogleg and Levenberg Marquard) and two metaheuristics (Weighted Differential Evolution and Symbiotic Organism Search) optimization algorithms to reproduce the current–voltage (I–V) curves of small, medium, and large generators operating under homogeneous and non-homogeneous conditions. The performance of all optimization algorithms is evaluated with simulations and experiments. Simulation results indicate that both deterministic optimization algorithms correctly reproduce I–V curves in all the cases; nevertheless, the two metaheuristic optimization methods only reproduce the I–V curves for small generators, but not for medium and large generators. Finally, experimental results confirm the simulation results for small arrays and validate the reference model used in the simulations.

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Kamarudin, Muhamad Najib, and Tengku Juhana Tengku Hashim. "Coordinated and optimal voltage control for voltage regulation using firefly algorithm." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 16, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i2.pp568-576.

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The operation and control of electricity in distribution networks has faced great challenges as a large number of distributed generations (DGs) are integrated. Connection of distributed generations (DGs) in the distribution system offers advantages in terms of reducing distribution and transmission costs as well as encouraging the use of renewable energy sources. The power flow in the distribution systems is no longer moving in a single direction and this resulted the system to become as active distribution networks (ADN). One of the main problems in ADN is the voltage regulation issue which is to maintain the voltage to be within its permissible limits. Several methods of voltage control methods are available and focus is given in finding the optimal voltage control using artificial intelligence techniques. This paper presents an optimal and coordinated voltage control method while minimizing losses and voltage deviation of the network. The optimal and coordinated voltage control scheme is implemented on an IEEE 13 bus distribution network for loss and voltage deviation minimization in the networks. Firefly Algorithm (FA) which is a known heuristic optimization technique for finding the optimal solution is used in this work. The results are compared with another optimization method known as Backtracking Search Algorithm (BSA) for identifying the best setting for solving the voltage regulation problem. In order to solve the multi-objective optimization issue, the MATPOWER load flow simulation is integrated in the MATLAB environment with the optimization algorithm.

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BURBELO, Mykhailo, Denys LEBED, and Oleksandr LESHCHENKO. "OPTIMIZATION OF CHARGE / DISCHARGE TIME OF ACTIVE FILTER CAPACITORS DURING VOLTAGE FLUCTUATIONS." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 309, no. 3 (May 26, 2022): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2022-309-3-119-124.

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A voltage regulator on capacitors has been developed for the control circuit of a parallel active filter based on dq-theory with a block of sliding averaging current in the current control circuit i_d. It contains a delay unit, a digital low-pass filter of the first order FIR or IIR (depending on the variant of the considered scheme) and the unit “sgn”, which stabilizes the output signal. The voltage control circuit on the capacitor can be implemented entirely in digital signal processing and used instead of the analog PID controller, which is much more effective if you need to adapt the circuit to the load mode. Most analog filters suffer from phase distortion when signals at different frequencies are delayed by different amounts. Although it is still present in digital IIR filters. FIR filters are usually designed as a “linear phase”, which means that the filter has no phase distortion. Phase distortions occur due to the fact that signals of different frequencies are delayed differently when crossing the filter. For IIR filters, it is necessary to enter an additional factor that will regulate the group delay, during which the filter will delay the signal of a certain frequency. If you do the same for the FIR filter, you will see a straight horizontal line, which means that all signals are delayed by the same amount, which is good and will provide better signal quality. The unit “sgn” does not affect the process of maintaining the voltage on the capacitors and the speed of transients, its role is to enhance the compensatory capacity of the voltage regulator by filtering the digital signal. The selected filter, by automatically stabilizing the voltage on the capacitor provides a stable charge / discharge process of the capacitor and a high level of compensation of higher harmonics without significant additional generation of active power in the network. When used in the context of real-time analog systems, the digital filter sometimes has a problematic delay (input-output time difference) due to analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion and smoothing. It is shown that by optimizing the charge / discharge time of the capacitor of the power active filter it is possible to achieve the minimum duration of the transient process with the minimum values of harmonic distortions.

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BURBELO, Mykhailo, Denys LEBED, and Oleksandr LESHCHENKO. "OPTIMIZATION OF CHARGE / DISCHARGE TIME OF ACTIVE FILTER CAPACITORS DURING VOLTAGE FLUCTUATIONS." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 311, no. 4 (August 2022): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2022-311-4-58-63.

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A voltage regulator on capacitors has been developed for the control circuit of a parallel active filter based on dq-theory with a block of sliding averaging current in the current control circuit i_d. It contains a delay unit, a digital low-pass filter of the first order FIR or IIR (depending on the variant of the considered scheme) and the unit “sgn”, which stabilizes the output signal. The voltage control circuit on the capacitor can be implemented entirely in digital signal processing and used instead of the analog PID controller, which is much more effective if you need to adapt the circuit to the load mode. Most analog filters suffer from phase distortion when signals at different frequencies are delayed by different amounts. Although it is still present in digital IIR filters. FIR filters are usually designed as a “linear phase”, which means that the filter has no phase distortion. Phase distortions occur due to the fact that signals of different frequencies are delayed differently when crossing the filter. For IIR filters, it is necessary to enter an additional factor that will regulate the group delay, during which the filter will delay the signal of a certain frequency. If you do the same for the FIR filter, you will see a straight horizontal line, which means that all signals are delayed by the same amount, which is good and will provide better signal quality. The unit “sgn” does not affect the process of maintaining the voltage on the capacitors and the speed of transients, its role is to enhance the compensatory capacity of the voltage regulator by filtering the digital signal. The selected filter, by automatically stabilizing the voltage on the capacitor provides a stable charge / discharge process of the capacitor and a high level of compensation of higher harmonics without significant additional generation of active power in the network. When used in the context of real-time analog systems, the digital filter sometimes has a problematic delay (input-output time difference) due to analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion and smoothing. It is shown that by optimizing the charge / discharge time of the capacitor of the power active filter it is possible to achieve the minimum duration of the transient process with the minimum values of harmonic distortions.

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Momoh, James A., and Surender Reddy Salkuti. "Feasibility of Stochastic Voltage/VAr Optimization Considering Renewable Energy Resources for Smart Grid." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 17, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2016-0009.

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Abstract This paper proposes a stochastic optimization technique for solving the Voltage/VAr control problem including the load demand and Renewable Energy Resources (RERs) variation. The RERs often take along some inputs like stochastic behavior. One of the important challenges i. e., Voltage/VAr control is a prime source for handling power system complexity and reliability, hence it is the fundamental requirement for all the utility companies. There is a need for the robust and efficient Voltage/VAr optimization technique to meet the peak demand and reduction of system losses. The voltages beyond the limit may damage costly sub-station devices and equipments at consumer end as well. Especially, the RERs introduces more disturbances and some of the RERs are not even capable enough to meet the VAr demand. Therefore, there is a strong need for the Voltage/VAr control in RERs environment. This paper aims at the development of optimal scheme for Voltage/VAr control involving RERs. In this paper, Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) method is used to cover full range of variables by maximally satisfying the marginal distribution. Here, backward scenario reduction technique is used to reduce the number of scenarios effectively and maximally retain the fitting accuracy of samples. The developed optimization scheme is tested on IEEE 24 bus Reliability Test System (RTS) considering the load demand and RERs variation.

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Elvira, David García, Hugo Valderrama Blaví, Àngel Cid Pastor, and Luis Martínez Salamero. "Efficiency Optimization of a Variable Bus Voltage DC Microgrid." Energies 11, no. 11 (November 8, 2018): 3090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113090.

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A variable bus voltage DC microgrid (MG) is simulated in Simulink for optimization purposes. It is initially controlled with a Voltage Event Control (VEC) algorithm supplemented with a State of Charge Event Control (SOCEC) algorithm. This control determines the power generated/consumed by each element of the MG based on bus voltage and battery State of Charge (SOC) values. Two supplementary strategies are proposed and evaluated to improve the DC-DC converters’ efficiency. First, bus voltage optimization control: a centralized Energy Management System (EMS) manages the battery power in order to make the bus voltage follow the optimal voltage reference. Second, online optimization of switching frequency: local drivers operate each converter at its optimal switching frequency. The two proposed optimization strategies have been verified in the simulations.

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Asna, M., H. Shareef, S. N. Khalid, A. O. Idris, A. N. Aldarmaki, and Basil Hamed. "Universal power converter for low power applications." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 2165. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i4.pp2165-2172.

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A novel power converter that can perform both voltage and frequency conversion was proposed. Inappropriate power supply can damage sensitive sub-components and render the connected device inoperable. Henceforth, the proposed voltage–frequency converter acts as an interface to plug any electrical device directly into an electrical socket and provide the voltage and frequency required. The converter used a synchronous reference frame proportional–integral (SRFPI) controller to regulate the instantaneous output voltage and to improve steady state performance. Because the PI controller works together with the synchronous reference frame controller, it is difficult to tune the PI control parameters. To overcome this issue, a new meta heuristic optimization technique called lightening search algorithm (LSA) optimization was used to identify the optimum PI parameter values. A detailed description of the system operation and control strategy was presented. Finally, the performance of the converter was analyzed and verified by simulation and experimental results. The experimental result has shown that the proposed system has satisfactory output voltage and frequency under different input voltages.

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Kulesz, Barbara, Andrzej Sikora, and Adam Zielonka. "The Application of Ant Colony Algorithms to Improving the Operation of Traction Rectifier Transformers." Computers 8, no. 2 (March 28, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers8020028.

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In this paper, we discuss a technical issue occurring in electric traction. Tram traction may use DC voltage; this is obtained by rectifying AC voltage supplied by the power grid. In the simplest design— one which is commonly used—only diode uncontrolled rectifiers are used. The rectified voltage is not smooth; it always contains a pulsating (AC) component. The amount of pulsation varies. It depends, among other factors, on the design of the transformer-rectifier set. In the 12-pulse system, we use a three-winding transformer, consisting of one primary winding and two secondary windings: one is delta-connected and the other is star-connected. The unbalance of secondary windings is an extra factor increasing the pulsation of DC voltage. To equalize secondary side voltages, a tap changer may be used. The setting of the tap changer is the question resolved in this paper; it is optimized by application of the ACO (ant colony optimization algorithm). We have analyzed different supply voltage variants, and in particular, distorted voltage containing 5th and 7th harmonics. The results of ant colony optimization application are described in this paper.

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Sun, Hongdi, Renze Chen, Ke Zhou, and Xiaoming Wang. "Low power optimization method for contactless micro intelligent voltage sensor communication network." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2215, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2215/1/012028.

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Abstract Aiming at the problems of high power consumption and low success rate in contactless micro voltage sensor communication network, a low power consumption optimization method of contactless micro voltage sensor communication network is proposed. By calculating the average power consumption of micro voltage sensor nodes in the communication network area, the energy balance degree of micro voltage sensor nodes is obtained. When the micro voltage sensor nodes meet the sleep probability of communication network area coverage factor, the power consumption of voltage sensor communication network is calculated. By defining the information entropy of communication network data set, the conditional entropy of data feature classification of communication network is obtained, and the high-power data is eliminated by using the validity kernel function of data features. Combined with the low-power optimization algorithm of micro voltage sensor communication network, the low-power optimization of micro voltage sensor communication network is realized. The experimental results show that the optimization method in this paper can not only reduce the power consumption of data transmission in contactless micro voltage sensor communication network, but also improve the success rate of data transmission, and has better optimization effect.

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Rasool, Ali Abdulqadir, Najimaldin M. Abbas, and Kamal Sheikhyounis. "Determination of optimal size and location of static synchronous compensator for power system bus voltage improvement and loss reduction using whale optimization algorithm." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 8(115) (February 25, 2022): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.251760.

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Power systems are usually expected to become heavily loaded as the demand for electrical energy grows and economic consideration limits the installation of additional transmission and generating capacity. Keeping the bus voltage in the power system within the standard permissible limits is an important concern to improve the voltage stability and avoid voltage collapse of the whole power system. The common and effective way to achieve this purpose is by adding flexible AC transmission line devices to the power system. One of these devices is static synchronous compensator. In this paper an approach is proposed to find optimal location and size of static synchronous compensator for improving bus voltage in the power system. A load flow is conducted to identify the low voltage buses which are the weak buses in the system and they are considered as suitable buses for static synchronous compensator connection. An objective function is formulated for optimization process which contains four parts, the voltage deviation, static synchronous compensator size, active and reactive power losses of the whole power system. Whale optimization algorithm is used for the optimization process. The proposed approach is applied on the real power system of Kurdistan Region using power system simulator for engineering software for simulating the power system and finding the optimal size and location of static synchronous compensator for bus voltage improvement. The results are encouraging for applying the approach to any power system. What distinguishes this method is that it accomplishes two things, namely reducing the bus voltage deviation to zero which means that all bus voltages are within the permissible limits and minimizing losses as well.

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35

Tawfeeq, Layth, and Wafaa Saeed. "Voltage Collapse Optimization for the Iraqi Extra High Voltage 400 kV Grid based on Particle Swarm Optimization." Iraqi Journal for Electrical And Electronic Engineering 13, no. 1 (June 28, 2017): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33762/eeej.2017.128783.

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36

Wondie, Tebeje Tesfaw, and Teshome Goa Tella. "Voltage Stability Assessments and Their Improvement Using Optimal Placed Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM)." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2022 (August 23, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2071454.

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In this paper, static voltage stability assessments and their improvement using analytical and optimization techniques with different loading scenarios are described. In this study, the 400 kV, 230 kV, and 132 kV Ethiopian electric power networks are modeled using Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT), and the load flow analysis is carried out using MATLAB source code. Then, different voltage stability indices, such as the user-defined advanced voltage stability index (AVSI), modified voltage stability index (MVSI), and fast voltage stability index (FVSI), are used to identify the voltage unstable buses. Besides this, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is also used to find the optimal size and placement of the Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) for the most severe buses identified by voltage stability indices. The result presents three special arguments: whether the most severe buses that are ranked at the top based on the voltage stability indices are optimal buses for compensation placement or not, the voltage stability improvement, and power loss reduction with the introduction of STATCOM. Accordingly, it is observed that the weakest bus that is identified through the stability indices may not be the optimal placement of the compensation device. It is also indicated that, with the introduction of STATCOM to the optimal selected bus, the network power loss is reduced from 46.65 MW to 33.32 MW and its voltage magnitude in all buses is also improved. All bus voltages are within the IEEE standard acceptable limit.

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Li, Chuang, Min You Chen, Yong Wei Zhen, Ang Fu, and Jun Jie Li. "Reactive Power Optimization in Distribution Network with Wind Farm." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 1372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.1372.

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The traditional methods to adjust voltage in distribution network reactive power optimization is discretization，and it is difficult to realize the continuous voltage adjustment. A reactive power optimization model and algorithm in distribution network with wind farm is proposed. The network loss，deviation of voltage and stability of voltage are taken into account in the multi-objective reactive power optimization model. The quantum particle swarm optimization（QPSO）algorithm has been used to solve the reactive power optimization problem. The algorithm described particle state by wave function, not only increase the diversity of population，but also avoid premature convergence. The comparison of the simulation result between QPSO and PSO on the modified IEEE 33-bus system demonstrated the effectiveness and advantage of quantum particle swarm optimization.

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Shigenobu, Ryuto, Akito Nakadomari, Ying-Yi Hong, Paras Mandal, Hiroshi Takahashi, and Tomonobu Senjyu. "Optimization of Voltage Unbalance Compensation by Smart Inverter." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 5, 2020): 4623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184623.

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This paper presents a compensation method for unbalanced voltage through active and reactive power control by utilizing a smart inverter that improves the voltage unbalance index and detects an unbalanced state of voltage magnitude and phase, and thus enhances power quality by minimizing the voltage imbalance. First of all, this paper presents an analysis of a mathematical approach, which demonstrates that the conventional voltage unbalanced factor (VUF) using the symmetrical component cannot correctly detect the imbalanced state from index equations; and by only minimizing the VUF value, it cannot establish a balanced condition for an unbalanced state of the voltage profile. This paper further discusses that intermittent photovoltaic (PV) output power and diversified load demand lead to an unexpected voltage imbalance. Therefore, considering the complexity of unbalanced voltage conditions, a specific load and an PV profile were extracted from big data and applied to the distribution system model. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme was verified by comparing VUF indices and controlling the active and reactive power of a smart inverter through a numerical simulation.

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Tan, Jian Ding, Siaw Paw Koh, Mau Teng Au, Sieh Kiong Tiong, and Kharudin Ali. "Implementation of Voltage Optimization for Sustainable Energy." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 12, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i1.pp341-347.

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<p>The voltage control in the power distribution network is challenged firstly by constantly increasing in power demand and secondly by a growing number of distributed connections, which significantly changes the load flow in the network. Situation is worsening with the current heavily implemented micro-generation of Solar PV. Consequently, the uncontrollable rapid changes in the power distribution network would affect voltage instability at the feeder with wide area power demand. Voltage instability would affect the energy efficiency of the electrical equipment. Moreover, the lifespan of some equipment would be shortened due to the excessive and unstable voltage supplied. The proposed research aims to implement the low impedance voltage optimization system in solving the existing problem. The voltage optimization system had been tested on both resistive and inductive loads. The power consumption of the loads had been measured at a few discrete values of voltage optimization within the statutory region. Further tests were conducted on industrial water pump, general lightings with mixed loads, office building, restaurant and plastic injection moulding machine. The power measurements were logged and the results in term of power consumption were analysed. The results showed that the proposed optimization mechanism successfully optimize and saved 6.81%, 14.42%, 13.97%, 12.23%, and 26.23% of the power consumptions in respective tests.</p>

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Zhao, Jing Ying, Fang Yao, Yan Zhi Mi, and Na Qin. "Research on Optimization Technology of Electromagnetic Transformer." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 818–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.818.

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Taking the typical electromagnetic voltage transformer JDCF-110 as the research object, according to the performance characteristics, the optimization mathematical model is set up. Ant colony algorithm is selected as optimization algorithm. With the cost as objective function, the settings of key parameters are studied on in optimization design. By use of Visual C++ language, the optimization design software of electromagnetic voltage transformer is finished on the plat of Windows XP. According to users requirement, the basic design and the optimized design of electromagnetic voltage transformer can be conveniently and quickly realized.

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Sadeghi, Baran, Nima Shafaghatian, Reza Alayi, Mamdouh El Haj Assad, Farhad Zishan, and Hasan Hosseinzadeh. "Optimization of synchronized frequency and voltage control for a distributed generation system using the Black Widow Optimization algorithm." Clean Energy 6, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 869–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkab062.

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Abstract A distributed generation network could be a hybrid power system that includes wind–diesel power generation based on induction generators (IGs) and synchronous generators (SGs). The main advantage of these systems is the possibility of using renewable energy in their structures. The most important challenge is to design the voltage-control loop with the frequency-control loop to obtain optimal responses for voltage and frequency deviations. In this work, the voltage-control loop is designed by an automatic voltage regulator. A linear model of the hybrid system has also been developed with coordinated voltage and frequency control. Dynamic frequency response and voltage deviations are compared for different load disturbances and different reactive loads. The gains of the SG and the static volt-ampere reactive compensator (SVC) controllers in the IG terminal are calculated using the Black Widow Optimization (BWO) algorithm to insure low frequency and voltage deviations. The BWO optimization algorithm is one of the newest and most powerful optimization methods to have been introduced so far. The results showed that the BWO algorithm has a good speed in solving the proposed objective function. A 22% improvement in time adjustment was observed in the use of an optimal SVC. Also, an 18% improvement was observed in the transitory values.

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42

Aluf, Ofer. "Times Semi-Passive RFID Tags with Double Loop Antennas Arranged as a Shifted Gate Stability Optimization." Studies in Engineering and Technology 1, no. 1 (January 17, 2014): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/set.v1i1.320.

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In this article, Very Crucial subject discussed in Semi-Passive RFID TAGs system stability. Semi-Passive TAGs with double loop antennas arranged as a shifted gate system stability optimization under delayed electromagnetic interferences. The double loop antenna is employed due to the fact that this antenna consists of two parallel loops; i.e., primary and secondary loops. We define Vi1(t) and Vi2(t) as the voltages in time on double loop antennas. Vi1(t) is the voltage in time on the primary loop and Vi2(t) is the voltage in time on the secondary loop. The index (i) stand for the first gate (i=1) and second gate (i=2). Due to electromagnetic interferences there are different in time delays respect to gate antenna's first and second loop voltages and voltages derivatives. The delayed voltages are Vi1(t-τ1) and Vi2(t-τ2) respectively (τ1≠ τ2) and delayed voltages derivatives are dVi1(t-Δ1)/dt, dVi2(t-Δ2)/dt respectively.

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Mitchell, I. H., P. Choi, J. M. Bayley, J. P. Chittenden, and J. F. Worley. "Optimization of a high‐voltage trigatron switch." Journal of Applied Physics 78, no. 6 (September 15, 1995): 3659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359943.

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Athira S., Harikumar K., Soman K.P., and Prabaharan Poornachandran. "An Optimization Algorithm for Voltage Flicker Analysis." Procedia Technology 21 (2015): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2015.10.064.

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Ruiz, O., C. Rubio, S. Marco, M. Carmona, J. Samitier, and J. R. Morante. "Optimization of voltage-controlled thin-film microstructures." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 47, no. 1-3 (March 1995): 613–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-4247(94)00972-k.

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46

Daboul, Siad, Stephan Held, Jens Vygen, and Sonja Wittke. "An Approximation Algorithm for Threshold Voltage Optimization." ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 23, no. 6 (December 21, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3232538.

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Pécastaing, L., T. Reess, J. Paillol, A. Gibert, and P. Domens. "Voltage gain optimization of transmission line transformers." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 22, no. 3 (May 14, 2003): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap:2003031.

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48

Markov, G. N. "Optimization of resistor selection for voltage dividers." Measurement Techniques 29, no. 4 (April 1986): 337–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00864109.

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Romanus, Erik, Torsten Harnisch, Friedrich Hermann Uhlmann, and Hans-Georg Meyer. "Yield optimization of a RSFQ voltage doubler." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 106, no. 3-4 (February 1997): 521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02399662.

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Tomin, N., V. Kurbatsky, D. Panasetsky, D. Sidorov, and A. Zhukov. "Voltage/VAR Control and Optimization: AI approach." IFAC-PapersOnLine 51, no. 28 (2018): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.11.685.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Voltage Optimization'

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