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Journal articles on the topic 'Voltage level converter'
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1
Wei, Chen, Xibo Yuan, Juan Zhou, Kangan Wang, Yonglei Zhang, and Xiaojie Wu. "Voltage Jump Suppression and Capacitor Voltage Fluctuation Analysis for a Four-Level Hybrid Flying Capacitor T-Type Converter." Energies 12, no. 4 (February 21, 2019): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12040698.
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In low and medium voltage power conversion systems, multilevel converters are becoming more and more attractive due to improved power density. However, the complexity of topology and control is a big challenge for the application of multilevel converters. In this paper, a four-level (4L) hybrid flying capacitor (FC) T-type converter has been researched in detail. The topological advantage of the converter is displayed in comparison to existing four-level converters. According to the feature of the topology, the operating status has been analyzed and the reason for the voltage jump is researched in detail during the dead-time period. A strategy to reduce voltage jump by adjusting the switching states has be presented. The FC voltages can be balanced by selecting the appropriate switching states. The relationships between the fluctuations of FC voltages and the modulation index and power factor (PF) have been analyzed by simulation results. The performance of the 4L converter has been investigated in MATLAB/Simulink as well as on a down-scaled laboratory prototype.
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Khaledian, Amir, Babak Abdi, Javad Shokrollahi Moghani, and Mehrdad Abedi. "An Overview to Soft Switching Converters with High Voltage Gain." Advanced Materials Research 462 (February 2012): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.462.353.
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A comparison is made in this paper between three high voltage gain converters. The first one is a boost converter with an additional level including a coupling inductor for increasing the voltage gain. The second is a converter that is capable to be extended to N parallel converter and the third one uses a clamp circuit to increase gain with a coupled inductor. Three converters are compared in voltage and current peak value and utilization coefficient of active switch and output diode, their ZVS and ZCS condition in the ON and OFF time and voltage gain. Finally the first converter circuit is simulated in PSpice with the two other converters input voltages and the results are compared.
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Hwang, Soon-Sang, Seung-Woo Baek, and Hag-Wone Kim. "Power Balance Method using Coupled Shunt Inductor and Multiple-Input Transformer for ISOP LLC Converter." Electronics 8, no. 3 (March 22, 2019): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8030352.
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High-capacity power-supply systems using a large input voltage typically improve efficiency and can be miniaturized by dividing the input voltage into multiple small voltages, thereby minimizing the stress on the switching element and thus materializing a fast switching function. When a large input voltage is divided into small voltages in series through a DC link capacitor, power is supplied to each converter and the power of each LLC (Inductor-Inductor-Capacitor) converter can be divided and converted. However, such LLC converters, which are configured by the division of the input voltage, have power imbalance due to the parameter variation between active and passive elements of the power board, which results in an increase in the stress and heat of a particular element. As this problem of power balance necessitates a design for securing a power margin and as the heated element increases its volume, the efficiency and reliability of the LLC converter are degenerated. Accordingly, this study attempted to solve the problem of the power imbalance of LLC converters at each level using a coupled shunt inductor and multiple-input transformers sharing magnetic coupling.
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Henzler, St, J. Berthold, M. Koban, M. Reinl, G. Georgakos, and D. Schmitt-Landsiedel. "Impact of Level-Converter on Power-Saving Capability of Clustered Voltage Scaling." Advances in Radio Science 3 (May 13, 2005): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-3-311-2005.
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Abstract. The use of multiple supply voltages to reduce active mode power dissipation in digital ULSI circuits has been widely discussed in literature. As the reported power savings differ significantly depending on the technology and level converter circuits an abstract approach is used to investigate the impact of power consumption and delay caused by the level converters (what-if-scenarios). Actual circuits are used to map the theoretical investigations to real circuits. In contrast to clustered voltage scaling, where level conversion is only allowed in front of or within flipflops the power saving benefits of enhanced clustered voltage scaling with arbitrary converter positions vanish due to the lack of efficient asynchronous level converters.
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Lin, Bor-Ren, and Wei-Po Liu. "Analysis of a Three-Level Bidirectional ZVS Resonant Converter." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (December 21, 2020): 9136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10249136.
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A bidirectional three-level soft switching circuit topology is proposed and implemented for medium voltage applications such as 750 V dc light rail transit, high power converters, or dc microgrid systems. The studied converter is constructed with a three-level diode-clamp circuit topology with the advantage of low voltage rating on the high-voltage side and a full-bridge circuit topology with the advantage of a low current rating on the low-voltage side. Under the forward power flow operation, the three-level converter is operated to regulate load voltage. Under the reverse power flow operation, the full-bridge circuit is operated to control high-side voltage. The proposed LLC resonant circuit is adopted to achieve bidirectional power operation and zero-voltage switching (ZVS). The achievability of the studied bidirectional ZVS converter is established from the experiments.
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Thayumanavan, Porselvi, Deepa Kaliyaperumal, Umashankar Subramaniam, Mahajan Sagar Bhaskar, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Zbigniew Leonowicz, and Massimo Mitolo. "Combined Harmonic Reduction and DC Voltage Regulation of A Single DC Source Five-Level Multilevel Inverter for Wind Electric System." Electronics 9, no. 6 (June 12, 2020): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9060979.
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Wind power generation has increased in the past twenty years due to the development of power electronic converters. Power generation through wind has advantages over other renewable sources, such as having more efficiency, being pollution-free, and its abundant availability. Power electronic converters play a vital role in the wind energy conversion system. This paper presents a wind-electric system with a permanent magnet synchronous generator, diode rectifier, DC-DC converter (buck-Boost or Cuk converter), and a three-phase five-level inverter. The five-level inverter is a modified form of a cascaded H-bridge inverter that uses a single DC source as an input irrespective of several levels and phases. As the wind speed changes, the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) voltage and frequency changes, but for practical applications, these changes should not be allowed; hence, a voltage controller is used that maintains the output voltage of a DC converter, andthus a constant AC output is obtained. The DClink voltage is maintained at the desired voltage by a Proportional plus Integral (PI)-based voltage controller. The DC link voltage fed to the multilevel inverter (MLI) is converted to AC to feed the load. The MLI is controlled with a new Selected Harmonic Elimination (SHE), which decreases the total harmonic distortion (THD). The system is simulated with an Resistive plus Inductive (RL) load and is tested experimentally with the same load;the results prove that the Cuk converter has a better efficiency compared to the Buck-Boost converter, and the system has less THD when compared with the conventional SHE Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique.
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Okhotkin, Grigory P., and Ivan I. Ivanchin. "SPACE VECTOR PWM IN A MULTILEVEL VOLTAGE CONVERTER." Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2022-1-107-114.
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The present article considers the voltage forming by multilevel converters. Multilevel converters are widely used in industry applications with medium voltages up to 20 kV. An example is the oil industry, where multilevel converters are installed in electric drives of pumping units on pipeline systems. The location of the pipelines in isolated areas implies weak net connections for power system and expects increased requirements for the efficiency of the use of electricity. In this regard, for a multilevel voltage converter, an energy-efficient vector method of pulse-width modulation is proposed. With vector pulse-width modulation, the optimal number of voltage level switching occurs in the phases of the converter, which leads to the lowest harmonic distortion of the voltage, compared with other modulation methods. The features of vector pulse-width modulation in multilevel voltage converters caused by the increased number of basic voltage vectors of a static multilevel converter are analyzed. A step-by-step method of vector pulse-width modulation in a multilevel converter is proposed, including determining the base vectors of the converter closest to a reference voltage vector, calculating the time for each of the base vectors, maintaining the switching order between the base vectors. The method is considered in detail for a multilevel converter with five voltage levels in a phase. In conclusion, the results of modeling control system of this converter with the proposed method of vector pulse-width modulation are presented. According to the obtained time diagrams of voltage formation, a hodograph of the resulting vector of the output voltage of a multilevel static converter was constructed.
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Ošlaj, Benjamin, and Mitja Truntič. "Control of a Modified Switched-Capacitor Boost Converter." Electronics 11, no. 4 (February 19, 2022): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11040654.
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Switched-capacitor converters and their alternatives have been shown to provide high efficiency with high power densities on smaller volumes, and can thereby be a suitable choice for energy harvesting. This paper proposes a hybrid power architecture based on a switched-capacitor topology and a boost converter that can be used for such purposes. A switching capacitor circuit can achieve any voltage ratio, allowing a boost converter to increase the input voltage to higher voltage levels. The first stage is unregulated with high-efficiency voltage conversion. The boost stage provides a regulated voltage output on such a converter. Rather than cascading two converters, their operation is integrated for the output voltage regulation. One major problem of switched-capacitor converters is output voltage regulation, which is solved by the interconnection of the power stages. The simplicity and robustness of the solution provide the possibility to achieve higher voltage ratios than cascading boost converters and provide higher efficiency. The converter’s size and cost can be improved with the integration of switching capacitors in DC-DC converter structures. A converter prototype has been designed, modelled, and built for the input voltage level of 2 V and power level of 5 W.
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Wiatr, P., and A. Kryński. "Model predictive control of multilevel cascaded converter with boosting capability – experimental results." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 65, no. 5 (October 1, 2017): 589–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2017-0064.
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Abstract The main goal of this paper is to present a five-level converter with the feature of output voltage boosting capability. Thanks to its modular construction and single DC source usage, 5LCHB converter becomes an important alternative for two-level converters operating with DC-DC converters that use bulky inductors. Furthermore, model predictive control (MPC) method is presented, which allows for boosting output voltage of presented converter while providing three-phase load current control and flying capacitor voltage stabilization. The last section describes a 5kVA laboratory model of five-level hybrid converter interfacing RL load and shows experimental results confirming theoretical analysis derived in previous sections.
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Sreedhar, Jadapalli, and B. Basavaraja. "Plan and analysis of synchronous buck converter for UPS application." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.1 (December 21, 2017): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.1.10827.
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DC-DC converters occupies very significant role in the field of industries or daily life applications. To charge batteries of low voltage connected to uninterrupted power supply (UPS), DC-DC converters are needed. Batteries requires low voltage and the available voltage at the source is to be step-down to the required level of voltage at the point of utility (PoU). While designing DC-DC converters, efficiency and simplicity of the circuit is very much important. Simply for the UPS applications, Buck converter can deliver the voltage at required level which is very simple in operation but the increased losses in diode can be addresses by using a synchronous Buck converter. By using synchronous Buck converter, the diode conduction losses in Buck converter can be minimized, thus improving the efficiency of the converter. In this paper, Synchronous Buck converter is used to charge the batteries of UPS. In this paper Design, modeling of synchronous Buck converter for UPS application was done and its results were obtained by using Matlab/Simulink. A hardware prototype was also developed and the hardware results were also shown.
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Shubin, V. V. "High-Speed CMOS Voltage Level Converter." Nano- i Mikrosistemnaya Tehnika 20, no. 11 (November 20, 2018): 695–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/nmst.20.695-703.
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Yue, Yun Tao, and Zhi Yong Xu. "Research on Neutral-Point Balancing for Three-Level Space Voltage Vector Converter." Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.473.
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A novel hybrid clamped dual-PWM three-level converter topology is proposed for induction motor drives in this paper. The switching states of hybrid clamp three-level converters increase to sixty-four from twenty-seven switching states of diode clamp three-level converters. In order to realize optimization of its redundant voltage space vectors by detecting voltage of clamp capacitor and difference of capacitor voltage in DC side, Generating an optimized switching pattern, The hybrid clamped three-level converter increases the voltage levels number, reducing the harmonics associated to the commutation frequency and limiting the dv/dt by all the switches . It can quickly balance the DC voltage, Realized system of 4-Quardant Running. the control circuit and main circuit was designed with DSP and CPLD, experimentation results proved it is very effective and practicability.
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Liu, Zhengxin, Jiuyu Du, and Boyang Yu. "Design Method of Double-Boost DC/DC Converter with High Voltage Gain for Electric Vehicles." World Electric Vehicle Journal 11, no. 4 (October 7, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj11040064.
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Direct current to direct current (DC/DC) converters are required to have higher voltage gains in some applications for electric vehicles, high-voltage level charging systems and fuel cell electric vehicles. Therefore, it is greatly important to carry out research on high voltage gain DC/DC converters. To improve the efficiency of high voltage gain DC/DC converters and solve the problems of output voltage ripple and robustness, this paper proposes a double-boost DC/DC converter. Based on the small-signal model of the proposed converter, a double closed-loop controller with voltage–current feedback and input voltage feedforward is designed. The experimental results show that the maximum efficiency of the proposed converter exceeds 95%, and the output voltage ripple factor is 0.01. Compared with the traditional boost converter and multi-phase interleaved DC/DC converter, the proposed topology has certain advantages in terms of voltage gain, device stress, number of devices, and application of control algorithms.
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Et. al., K. Girinath Babu,. "Three-Phase Three-Level Isolated DC-DC Soft Switching Converter For Solar Applications." INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY 9, no. 2 (March 25, 2021): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/itii.v9i2.368.
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Three-level isolated DC-DC converter is an attractive topology in high input voltage applications, which can provide the voltage stress of the power devices to only a half of the dc voltage and also reduce the size of dc filter requirement. But major limitations in the existing three level ZVS converter topologies are brought out with an increased inductance in the primary side and it required to provide complete ZVS of all primary devices down to light loads. By employing an external inductance in the primary of the transformer, total leakage inductance of the transformer increases which is required for realization of soft switching of the converter switches but there are some disadvantages of connecting external inductance in the primary of the transformer. To overcome all these drawbacks, the three-phase three-level isolated DC-DC soft switching converter has been proposed in order to reduce voltage and current stresses. This converter topology requires less number of control switches and operates with an asymmetrical duty cycle control. The proposed three level DC-DC converters provide two- level voltage waveform before dc output filter, which significantly reduce the size of dc output filter. The proposed work has been implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK and the performance of the proposed converter is verified through simulation results.
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Reguig Berra, Ahmed, Said Barkat, and Mansour Bouzidi. "Virtual Flux Predictive Direct Power Control of Five-level T-type Multi-terminal VSC-HVDC System." Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 64, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppee.14441.
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This paper proposes a Virtual Flux Predictive Direct Power Control (PDPC) for a five-level T-type multi-terminal Voltage Source Converter High Voltage Direct Current (VSC-HVDC) transmission system. The proposed PDPC scheme is based on the computation of the average voltage vector using a virtual flux predictive control algorithm, which allows the cancellation of active and reactive power tracking errors at each sampling period. The active and reactive power can be estimated based on the virtual flux vector that makes AC line voltage sensors not necessary. A constant converter switching frequency is achieved by employing a multilevel space vector modulation, which ensures the balance of the DC capacitor voltages of the five-level t-type converters as well. Simulation results validate the efficiency of the proposed control law, and they are compared with those given by a traditional direct power control. These results exhibit excellent transient responses during range of operating conditions.
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Suciu, Vasile Mihai, Sorin Ionut Salcu, Alexandru Madalin Pacuraru, Lucian Nicolae Pintilie, Norbert Csaba Szekely, and Petre Dorel Teodosescu. "Independent Double-Boost Interleaved Converter with Three-Level Output." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (June 28, 2021): 5993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11135993.
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This paper introduces a novel converter topology based on an independent controlled double-boost configuration. The structure was achieved by combining two independent classic boost converters connected in parallel at the input and in series at the output. Through proper control of the two boost converters, an interleaved topology was obtained, which presents a low ripple for the input current. Being connected in series at the output, a three-level structure was attained with twice the voltage gain of classic boost and interleaved topologies. A significant feature of the proposed converter is the possibility of independent operation of the two integrated boost converters, in both symmetrical and asymmetrical modes. This feature may be particularly useful in voltage balancing or interconnection with bipolar DC grids/applications. The operation principle, simulations, mathematical analysis, and laboratory prototype experimental results are presented.
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Xie, Yan, Bo Chao Chen, and Yao Jun Chen. "Development and Current Status of Multi-Level Converter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (October 2012): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.95.
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The multi-level converter is one of the focuses in the current high-voltage high-power field of power conversion, and is found widely application in high power drive system. It generated so far for nearly three decades of history. During this period a large number of multi-level topology appeared, there are three most commonly used, which are diode clamped, capacitor and cascaded H-bridge. In this paper, the development of the multi-level converter is reviewed. The structure of three multi-level converter topologies are given, and then their advantages and disadvantages are given by analyzing and comparing their characteristics. Finally, a new modular multi-level converter (MMC) is introduced which is one of research focus of multi-level converter field at present. Its structure and working principle are described in detail. Multi-level converters will continue to be developed to meet the demand of high-voltage and high power applications.
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Babenko, V. P., and V. K. Bityukov. "Energy and noise characteristics of a SEPIC buck-boost converter with unipolar and bipolar output." Russian Technological Journal 9, no. 4 (August 26, 2021): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2021-9-4-9-19.
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Some advantages of the SEPIC buck-boost converter makes it stand out from other configurations. It makes possible to obtain from a unipolar input voltage both unipolar and bipolar output voltage with a good symmetry between positive and negative output voltages. It also provides efficient performance as well as circuit simplicity in unipolar and bipolar topology owing to the use of a single switch which can be operated by available integrated controllers of boost converters. The article considers the topologies of a SEPIC buck-boost converter built according to the traditional scheme (with two inductors) and according to the scheme on magnetically coupled chokes. To analyze the processes and factors affecting the converter operation efficiency, a circuit simulation has been done using the Electronics Workbench. The results of the investigation of a pulsed DC converter of input voltage to unipolar or bipolar output voltage using SEPIC buck-boost topology are presented. The circuit simulation enables to specify the switching process characteristics, to estimate the ripple level of the input current and its spectral characteristics, and to develop recommendations concerning the choice of parameters of converters elements and generation of control signals. Based on the simulation results, the load, control, and noise characteristics of the converter are obtained. The level of symmetry of positive and negative output voltage is investigated for the converter on discrete and magnetically coupled chokes. The assessment of the effect of leakage inductance on converters with magnetic coupling of inductive elements is given. Examples of practical implementation of converters built according to the SEPIC topology are shown. It is found that the resistance of the choke windings, which is less than 0.5 Ohm, has practically no effect on the efficiency of the converter, retaining the factor of about 0.9 in a wide range of load currents, while the main source of conversion losses is a passive diode switch. Synchronous converter circuits of a number of manufacturers are more efficient, but require more complex controllers for active switches with elements for protection against through currents.
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D, Karthikeyan, Vijayakumar K, and Jagabar M. "Generalized Cascaded Symmetric and Level Doubling Multilevel Converter Topology with Reduced THD for Photovoltaic Applications." Electronics 8, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8020161.
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In this paper, two different converter topologies for a basic new switched capacitor diode converter with a reduced number of power electronics components, suitable for grid connected photovoltaic applications were proposed. The two different structures of switched diode multilevel converter proposed were: (i) cascaded switched diode and (ii) cascaded switched diode with doubling circuit. The switched-diode multilevel converter was compared with other recent converters. In addition, a new dc offset nearest level modulation technique was proposed. This proposed dc offset technique offers low voltage total harmonic distortion (THD) and high RMS output voltage. The proposed modulation technique was compared with conventional nearest level modulation (NLM) and modified NLM control techniques. The performance of the proposed dc offset modulation technique was implemented using a FPGA Spartan 3E controller and tested with a novel switched capacitor-diode multilevel converter. However, to prove the authenticity of the switched-diode multilevel converter and modulation technique, a laboratory-based prototype model for 7-level and 13-level converters was developed.
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Abronzini, Umberto, Ciro Attaianese, Matilde D’Arpino, Mauro Di Monaco, and Giuseppe Tomasso. "Induction Motor Drives Fed by an NPC Inverter with Unbalanced DC-Link." Electronics 8, no. 12 (November 21, 2019): 1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121379.
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Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) converters with n levels are traditionally controlled in such a way that the DC-link capacitors operate at 1/( n - 1) of the total DC-link voltage level. The voltage level across the DC-link capacitors has to be properly regulated by the capacitor unbalance control to contain the harmonic distortion of the converter output voltages. State-of-the-art modulation techniques address the problem of the DC-link voltage regulation for NPC inverters. However, they highly show reduced performance when unbalanced DC-link voltages are considered. In this paper, a novel Space Vector Modulation (SVM) is proposed for NPC converters with an unbalanced DC-link. At every modulation interval, the technique defines the optimal switching pattern by considering the actual unbalanced DC-link conditions. The proposed modulation allows improving the harmonic content of the NPC converter output voltage with respect to a traditional ML-SVM, when the same operating conditions are considered. As an extension, the proposed modulation technique will guarantee the same output voltage quality of a traditional ML-SVM with unbalanced DC-link, while improving the conversion efficiency thanks to a reduction of switching frequency.
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Choi, Z. H., C. L. Toh, and M. H. Z. Hilmi. "Comparative study of two potential recuperating converters in DC railway electrification system for harmonic mitigation." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i3.pp1157-1166.
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<span>The regenerative braking energy produced by Light-Rail-Transit (LRT) train is commonly transferred back to power grid via a conventional three-phase inverter (recuperating converter). Although this is a cost saving solution but the ac grid current and voltage waveforms were distorted. Hence passive filters are integrated to mitigate the harmonics. This paper proposed to replace the conventional inverter system with a multilevel converter. Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) converter and Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) are selected to be evaluated in this paper due to their modularity structures. The aim of this study is to determine the most potential multilevel converter to be implemented without additional passive filters. Nine-level CHB and nine-level MMC converters are modeled with MATLAB/Simulink simulation tool. Both converters are modulated with Level-Shifted Pulse Width Modulation technique. The output voltage and current waveforms generated by CHB and MMC are presented with full analysis. It is concluded that MMC converter is more suitable to be used as a recuperating converter. It produces a clean voltage and current waveforms. The voltage and current Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) indexes are found approximate to 8% and 3%.</span>
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Ji, Shi Qi, Xiao Jie Shi, Zhe Yu Zhang, Wen Chao Cao, and Fred Wang. "Benefits of High Voltage SiC Applications in Medium Voltage Power Distribution Grids." Materials Science Forum 924 (June 2018): 875–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.924.875.
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This paper evaluates potential benefits of high voltage (HV) SiC devices in medium voltage (MV) distribution grids. The MV microgrid, that HV SiC devices can benefit most, is selected as the “killer application” and focused in this paper. The design and simulation are carried out to compare Si-and SiC-based grid interface converters for the quantitative benefit assessment both at converter level and system level. The SiC-based converter has significant benefits in weight and size, and shows enhanced performance and functionality on power quality, system stability and low voltage ride through (LVRT) as well.
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Siddharthan, Niranjana, and Baskaran Balasubramanian. "Performance evaluation of SEPIC, Luo and ZETA converter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i1.pp374-380.
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<p><span>DC-DC converters are devices which convert direct current (DC) from one voltage level to another by changing the duty cycle of the main switches in the circuits. These converters are widely used in switched mode power supplies and it is important to supply a constant output voltage, regardless of disturbances on the input voltage. In this work, the performance of three different converters such as Single-Ended Primary-Inductance Converter (SEPIC), Luo converter and ZETA converter have been analyzed. Further, the parameters values such as ripple voltage, switching losses and efficiency of the proposed three different converters were compared with each other. Also, the simulation work has been carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. From the comparison of obtained results, it is observed that the ZETA converter has high significance than the SEPIC and Luo converter.</span></p>
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Najafi, Parviz, Abbas Houshmand Viki, Mahdi Shahparasti, S. Sajjad Seyedalipour, and Edris Pouresmaeil. "A Novel Space Vector Modulation Scheme for a 10-Switch Converter." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 10, 2020): 1855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071855.
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Three-level converters have drawn extensive attention due to their ability to deliver high-quality power. High semiconductor count is the main drawback of three-level converters. As a solution to this, a 10-switch converter is presented, that has advantages over both two- and three-level converters, simultaneously, plus it is applicable to a variety of power ranges. However, the switching pattern of 10-switch converter is not as simple as standard three-level converter due to lack of medium vectors. This paper presents a novel space vector modulation (SVM) for a 10-switch converter to reduce total harmonic distortion (THD) and common mode voltage (CMV) of this converter in comparison to prior carrier-based modulation methods. A simplified, low-cost modulation algorithm for the converter is proposed. The designed switching sequence has aimed at a low output THD and enhancement of DC bus voltage utilization. The performance of the proposed SVM is then compared to upgraded sinusoidal PWM. AC power quality and CMV of a 10-switch converter based on two modulation methods are investigated via simulation models. It was validated via simulation and experimental models that the proposed SVM utilized DC bus voltage more efficiently, generated remarkably less THD compared to other methods, and had a lower peak and rms CMV.
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Toh, Chuen Ling, and P. C. Ooi. "Design a nine-level modular multilevel converter for DC railway electrification system." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i1.pp151-159.
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<p>A recuperating converter is highly demanded in traction power substation to deliver the braking energy generated by a traction vehicle. Conventional voltage source inverter had been implemented in the traction power station. However, large ac line filters must be installed to improve the quality of ac voltages and currents. This paper proposes to install a nine-level Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) as a recuperating converter. The main aim is to eliminate the need of ac line filters while producing good quality of ac voltage and current waveforms. The MMC is designed and modelled using MATLAB/Simulink Simulation tool. A centralized control of balancing all the sub-module capacitor voltage level is proposed with Third Harmonic Voltage Injection Level Shifted Pulse Width Modulation (THVI-LSPWM) technique. The simulation results prove that with the application of MMC, good quality of ac voltages and currents are being produced. The Total Harmonic Distortion indexes are found less than 3.5 % without using any ac line filters in the system. In addition, the classic DC link capacitance has also being eliminated. </p>
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Shah, Engr Baqir Ali, Mazhar Hussain Baloch, Dr Amir Mehmood Soomro, Engr Shafqat Hussain Memon, and Dr Dur Muhammad Soomro. "Analysis of Harmonic Distortion Reduction through Modular Multi-Level Inverter using Nearest Level Modulation (NLM) Control Strategy." Sukkur IBA Journal of Emerging Technologies 4, no. 1 (June 18, 2021): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30537/sjet.v4i1.858.
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The research paper presents the control strategy to reduce THD (Total Harmonic Distortions) losses by the implementation of the Nearest Level Modulation control technique in a Modular Multilevel Converter. Modular Multilevel Converter is found one of the leading technologies in Power Electronics & Control, its applications are very common in HVDC systems, FACTS (Flexible Alternating-current Transmission system), Variable frequency drives and Electric vehicles as well. The power quality of MMC is better and has lesser THD in comparison to conventional converters like 2-level converters with carrier-based modulation techniques. The MMC has been designed with high scalability and has high voltage and power capacity. Sub-module is an integral part of MMC which is built up as an identical and controllable part of it. This converter is also called a controllable voltage source (VSC). Researchers aim to come up with a detailed review of control methods and necessary operations applied to MMC-based systems for HVDC, particularly focusing to control the total harmonic distortions. Power converters use many modulation techniques, but the existing techniques contribute to a great part in switching losses. MMC up to 49 levels, by implementing the Nearest Level Modulation (NLM) technique, is robust and has less complexity for the systems like MMC-HVDC, and the levels control the total harmonic distortions. In this research paper, the reduction of THD by increasing the voltage levels in MMC is comprehensively evaluated. The simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink are used to examine and confirm the proposed control strategy for stable operation of MMC for HVDC application.
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Yugendra Chary, T., S. Anitha, M. Alamillo, and Ameet Chavan. "Level Converters for Ultra Low Power IoT Applications." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.16 (April 12, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.16.11409.
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For efficient ultra-low power IoT applications, working with various communication devices and sensors which operating voltages from subthreshold to superthreshold levels which requires wide variety of robust level converters for signal interfacing with low power dissipation. This paper proposes two topologies of level converter circuits that offer dramatic improvement in power and performance when compared to the existing level converters that shift signals from sub to super threshold levels for IoT applications. At 250 mV, the first proposed circuit - a modification of a tradition al current mirror level converter - offers the best energy efficiency with approximately seven times less energy consumption per operation than the existing design, but suffers from a slight reduction in performance. However, a second proposed circuit - based on a two-stage level converter - at the same voltage enhances performance by several orders of magnitude while still maintaining a modest improvement in energy efficiency. The Energy Delay Products (EDP) of the two proposed designs are equivalent and are approximately four times better than the best existing design. Consequently, the two circuit options either optimizes power or performance with improved overall EDP.
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Mazlan, Mazwin, Noor Haqkimi, Chanuri Charin, Nur Fairuz, Nurul Izni, and Mohd Annuar. "State Feedback Controller Using Pole Placement Method for Linear Buck Converter to Improve Overshoot and Settling Time." Applied Mechanics and Materials 793 (September 2015): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.793.211.
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Switched mode DC-DC converters are electronic circuits which convert a voltage from one level to a higher or lower level voltage. This paper presents a new solution approach to controller and observer controller of DC-DC Buck converter. The designs in this paper of DC-DC Buck converter is input voltage 20V step down to 12V output voltage. For control the system simulation investigation into development of controller and observer controller using MATLAB Simulink® software. The simulation develops of the controller and observer controller with mathematical model of DC-DC Buck converter. This paper also providing LQR controller to compare the performance of the system. Finally, the performance output voltage of DC-DC Buck converter is analyzed in terms of time response, overshoot and steady state error.
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Tsiatouhas, Yiorgos E. "A Stress-Relaxed Negative Voltage-Level Converter." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 54, no. 3 (March 2007): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2006.886877.
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Zhu, Ling, and Lei Li. "Research of Isolated Three-Level AC-AC Converter." Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (October 2011): 1400–1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.1400.
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To be used for voltage regulator, An AC-AC direct converter with small bulk has been researched. The paper has proposed an isolated Cuk Three-Level AC-AC Converter. It is produced by applying TL AC switch unit in Isolated Cuk converter which is put forward by Slobodan Cuk. Because the two-level converter usually isn’t used in high voltage and heavy load situation, the paper proposed the cascaded type of isolated Cuk AC-AC converter. Besides, the operating principle and the control strategy of isolated Cuk Three-Level AC-AC Converter are investigated. Transient voltage feedback control is used in the converter and principle diagram of control circuit is given. By experiment results, the correctness of operating principle and control strategy of isolated Cuk Three-Level AC-AC Converter have been proved.
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Ramya, G., and V. Ganapathy. "Comparison of Five Level and Seven Level Inverter Based Static Compensator System." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v3.i3.pp706-713.
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<p>The STATCOM is one of the shunt type FACTS controllers which can supply reactive power and improve bus voltage. STATCOM has advantages like transient free switching and smooth variation of reactive power. This paper deals with the comparison of five level and seven level based STATCOM systems. Usually DC output from the PV source is amplified using a single boost converter. The output of the boost converter is applied to the multilevel inverter system. The ability of STATCOM to improve the receiving end voltage is analyzed using the proposed boost converter. The performance of five level and seven level STATCOM systems are compared in terms of THD and receiving end voltage</p>
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Murali, D., and S. Annapurani. "Improvement of Static Voltage Gain of a Non-Isolated Positive Output Single-Switch DC-DC Converter Structure Using a Diode-Capacitor Cell." Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems 8, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/mmep.080411.
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There are different low switching stress non-isolated DC-DC power converter structures developed for Photo-Voltaic (PV) applications with a view to achieve high voltage conversion ratio. The work proposed in this research article investigates the performance analysis of a coupled inductor and diode-capacitor multiplier cell based non-isolated high gain single-switch DC–DC conversion scheme with a single-ended primary-inductor on the input side. The presented converter suitable for renewable energy applications has the merits such as continuous input current, high voltage conversion ratio, and reduced voltage stress across the power switch. The multiplier cell consisting of two diodes and two capacitors is mainly used to enhance the converter output voltage level. A MATLAB / SIMULINK model of the suggested topology has been developed to validate its performance. During the simulation of the converter, a DC voltage of 50 V was given at the input side. The load end received a DC voltage of approximately 900 V. Thus, through this study, it was found that the addition of diode-capacitor cell can significantly improve the static gain of the suggested converter. The findings of this research may serve as a base for future studies on improvement of voltage gain of DC-DC converters.
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Mamun, M. Al, Golam Sarowar, Md Ashraful Hoque, and Mehedi Azad Shawon. "High Gain Non Isolated DC-DC Step-up Converters Integrated with Active and Passive Switched Inductor Networks." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i2.pp679-689.
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High gain dc-dc step up converters have been used in renewable energy systems, for example, photovoltaic grid connected system and fuel cell power plant to step up the low level dc voltage to a high level dc bus voltage. If the conventional boost converter is to meet this demand, it should be operated at an extreme duty cycle (duty cycle closes to unity), which will cause electromagnetic interference, reverse recovery problem and conduction loss at the power switches. This paper proposes a class of non-isolated dc-dc step up converters which provide very high voltage gain at a small duty cycle (duty cycle < 0.5). Firstly, the converter topologies are derived based on active switched inductor network and combination of active and passive switched inductor networks; secondly, the modes of operation of proposed active switched inductor converter and combined active and passive switched inductor converter are illustrated; thirdly, the performance of the proposed converters are analyzed mathematically in details and compared with conventional boost converter. Finally, the analysis is verified by simulation results.
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Premalatha, R., and P. Murugesan. "Comparison of Filter with Fuzzy Controlled Three Level DC-DC Converter Fed Drive." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 14 (March 2015): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.14.63.
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A simple Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) applied to buck converter is presented in this paper. This approach uses FLC which performs better when compared with the conventional PI controllers. In proposed buck converters, high voltage dc supply is switched at very high frequency and inductively transferred to dc load via a high frequency transformer and rectifier. In this converter four power switches are connected in series to primary of high frequency transformer for large load currents. To achieve large step-down voltage ratios the power switches are turned ON and OFF alternatively with a time gap. The voltage step-down ratios, Total Harmonic Distortion and angular velocity of drive are the parameters to be analyzed. The comparison with the original FLC and comparison of three level DC-DC converter with capacitor and pi filter is carried out by MATLAB-Simulink simulation and Model is designed to verify the proposed method performance.
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Chen, Jianfei, Caisheng Wang, and Jian Li. "An Input-Parallel-Output-Series Switched-Capacitor Three-level Boost Converter with a Three-Loop Control Strategy." Energies 11, no. 10 (October 2, 2018): 2631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102631.
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There has been increasing interest for industry applications, such as solar power generation, fuel cell systems, and dc microgrids, in step-up dc-dc converters with reduced number of components, low component stress, small input ripples and high step-up ratios. In this paper, an input-parallel-output-series three-level boost (IPOS-SC-TLB) converter is proposed. In addition to achieving the required performance, the input and output terminals can share the same ground and an automatic current balance function is also achieved in the IPOS-SC-TLB converter. Besides, a capacitor voltage imbalance mechanism was revealed and a three-loop control strategy composed of output voltage loop, input current loop and voltage-balance loop was proposed to address the voltage imbalance issue. Finally both simulation and experiment studies have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the IPOS-SC-TLB converter and the three-loop control strategy.
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Begum, Shaik Gousia, Syed Sarfaraz Nawaz, and G. Sai Anjaneyulu. "Implementation of Fuzzy Logic Controller for DC–DC step Down Converter." Regular issue 10, no. 8 (June 30, 2021): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.h9251.0610821.
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This paper presents the design of a Fuzzy logic controller for a DC-DC step-down converter. Buck converters are step-down regulated converters which convert the DC voltage into a lower level standardized DC voltage. The buck converters are used in solar chargers, battery chargers, quadcopters, industrial and traction motor controllers in automobile industries etc. The major drawback in buck converter is that when input voltage and load change, the output voltage also changes which reduces the overall efficiency of the Buck converter. So here we are using a fuzzy logic controller which responds quickly for perturbations, compared to a linear controllers like P, PI, PID controllers. The Fuzzy logic controllers have become popular in designing control application like washing machine, transmission control, because of their simplicity, low cost and adaptability to complex systems without mathematical modeling So we are implementing a fuzzy logic controller for buck converter which maintains fixed output voltage even when there are fluctuations in supply voltage and load. The fuzzy logic controller for the DC-DC Buck converter is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The proposed approach is implemented on DC-DC step down converter for an input of 230V and we get the desired output for variations in load or references. This proposed system increases the overall efficiency of the buck converter.
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Balakishan, Chouki, N. Sandeep, and M. V. Aware. "Design and Implementation of Three-Level DC-DC Converter with Golden Section Search Based MPPT for the Photovoltaic Applications." Advances in Power Electronics 2015 (February 12, 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/587197.
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In many photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion systems, nonisolated DC-DC converters with high voltage gain are desired. The PV exhibits a nonlinear power characteristic which greatly depends on the environmental conditions. Hence in order to draw maximum available power various algorithms are used with PV voltage/current or both as an input for the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller. In this paper, golden section search (GSS) based MPPT control and its application with three-level DC-DC boost converter for MPPT are demonstrated. The three-level boost converter provides the high voltage transfer which enables the high power PV system to work with low size inductors with high efficiency. The balancing of the voltage across the two capacitors of the converter and MPPT is achieved using a simple duty cycle based voltage controller. Detailed simulation of three-level DC-DC converter topology with GSS algorithm is carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. The validation of the proposed system is done by the experiments carried out on hardware prototype of 100 W converter with low cost AT’mega328 controller as a core controller. From the results, the proposed system suits as one of the solutions for PV based generation system and the experimental results show high performance, such as a conversion efficiency of 94%.
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Rao, S. Nagaraja, D. V. Ashok Kumar, and Ch Sai Babu. "Integration of Reversing Voltage Multilevel Inverter Topology with High Voltage Gain boost Converter for Distributed Generation." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i1.pp210-219.
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<table width="0" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="593"><p>The conventional energy sources available to us are on the verge of depletion. This depletion of conventional energy source leads to concentrate more on alternative energy sources. In this research, the focus is on the role of renewable energy sources (RES) in electrical power generation. Even though, the RES based plants produce power, we cannot directly connect it to the grid or loads. Because, the voltage ratings and nature supply of RES plants would not match with the load. Hence, this is a major issue for connecting RES plants to load or other utility. The power electronic converters are extensively being used as a link between load and supply. As most of the renewable energy power generation is DC in nature, the DC-DC converter is used to increase the voltage level and this DC must be converted to AC for grid connection. Therefore, inverters are used for DC to AC conversion. In this paper, the DC supply of renewable energy is connected to load by using cascade DC-DC converters along with a proposed reversing voltage (RV) multilevel inverter (MLI). The first DC-DC converter is used to enhance the voltage level with high gain and second converter is used to split the DC supply for inverter convenience. In this paper, proposed RV symmetrical and asymmetrical MLI generates 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 levels with only ten power switches. In-phase level-shifted triangular carrier type sine pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is employed to trigger the commutating switches of proposed RV MLI. Switches of H-Bridge for reverse voltage appearance across the load are triggered by simple pulse generator. The circuits are modeled and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Results are presented and discussed.</p></td></tr></tbody></table>
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Al-Shamma’a, Abdullrahman, Abdullah Noman, Khaled Addoweesh, Ayman Alabduljabbar, and A. Alolah. "Multilevel Converter by Cascading Two-Level Three-Phase Voltage Source Converter." Energies 11, no. 4 (April 4, 2018): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11040843.
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Beriber, D., A. Talha, and M. Boucherit. "Stabilization of multi DC bus link voltages of multilevel NPC VSI. Application to double stator induction motors." Archives of Control Sciences 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10170-011-0015-1.
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Stabilization of multi DC bus link voltages of multilevel NPC VSI. Application to double stator induction motors Voltage source multilevel inverters have become very attractive for power industries in power electronics applications during last years. The main purposes of studying multilevel inverters are the generation of output voltage signals with low harmonic distortion and reduction of switching frequency. An important issue of the multilevel inverter is the capacitor voltage-balancing problem. The unbalance of different DC voltage sources of multilevel neutral point clamped (NPC) voltage source inverter (VSI) constitutes the major limitation for the use of this new power converter. In this paper, we present study on the stability problem of the input DC voltages of the three-level Neutral Point Clamping (NPC) voltage source inverter (VSI). This inverter is useful for application in high voltage and high power area. In the first part, we remind the model of double stator induction motors (DSIM). Then, we develop control models of this inverter using the connection functions of the semi-conductors. We propose a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) strategy to control this converter. The inverter is fed by constant input DC voltages. In the last part, we study the stability problem of the input DC voltages of the inverter. A cascade constituted by two three-level PWM rectifiers - two three-level NPC VSI - DSIM is discussed. The results obtained show that the input DC voltages of the inverters are not stable. To solve this problem, we propose to use a half clamping bridge. This solution is very promising in order to stabilize the input DC voltages of this converters.
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Majdoul, Radouane, Abelwahed Touati, Abderrahmane Ouchatti, Abderrahim Taouni, and Elhassane Abdelmounim. "A nine-switch nine-level converter new topology with optimal modulation control." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 932. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i2.pp932-942.
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<span lang="EN-US">Multilevel power converters are becoming increasingly used in several sectors: energy, grid-tie renewable energy systems, High voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission, and a multitude of industrial applications. However, the multilevel converters consist of several drives and a high number of power switches, which leads to a considerable cost and an increased size of the device. Thus, a novel topology of a multilevel bidirectional inverter using a reduced number of semiconductor power components is proposed in this paper. Without any diode clamped or flying capacitor, only nine switches are used to generate nine voltage levels in this new topology. The proposed multilevel converter is compared with the conventional structures in terms of cost, the number of active power switches, clamped diodes, flying capacitors, DC floating capacitors, and the number of DC voltage sources. This comparative analysis shows that the proposed topology is suitable for many applications. For optimum control of this multilevel voltage inverter and to reduce switching losses in power semiconductors, a hybrid modulation technique based on fundamental frequency modulation and multi-carrier-based sinusoidal pulse-width modulation schemes is performed. The effectiveness of the proposed multilevel power converter is verified by simulation results.</span>
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Wei, Chen, Xibo Yuan, Yonglei Zhang, and Xiaojie Wu. "A Generic Multi-Level SVM Scheme Based on Two-Level SVM for n-Level Converters." Energies 13, no. 9 (April 30, 2020): 2143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092143.
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Multi-level converters are widely used in various industrial applications. Among various space vector modulation (SVM) schemes, the multi-level SVM scheme based on two-level space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is recognised as a simplified multi-level SVM scheme, which can reduce the computation complexity. However, this scheme is still complicated when the number of the voltage levels is large. This paper proposes a modified SVM scheme that can further simplify the multi-level SVM scheme based on two-level SVPWM. The proposed SVM scheme can directly determine the two-level hexagon where the reference voltage vector is located by calculating a simple formula. The whole modulation process can be completed by only three steps. Meanwhile, the proposed method is generic for any n-level converter without adding much calculation, which greatly simplifies the modulation process. Experimental results have been provided, which verify the effectiveness and generality of the proposed SVM scheme for two types of multi-level converters.
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Li, Jinke, and Jingyuan Yin. "Fault-Tolerant Control Strategies and Capability without Redundant Sub-Modules in Modular Multilevel Converters." Energies 12, no. 9 (May 7, 2019): 1726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091726.
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Sub-module (SM) faults in modular multilevel converters (MMCs) without redundancies result in unbalanced converter output voltages and improper control of modulation due to an unequal number of SMs inserted between the different phase-legs. The derived mathematics model of the MMC demonstrates the impact of the SM fault in the circulating currents and capacitor voltages. For achieving the SM fault-tolerance, detailed analysis of the MMC’s electrical quantities under SM fault-tolerant algorithms is provided together with two modulation reconfiguration techniques for maintaining voltage balance. Fault-tolerant abilities of the two modulation algorithms are also discussed and defined. Simulation results from a 21-level converter and experimental work in a three-phase five-level converter demonstrate the feasibility and performance of the proposed fault-tolerant control strategies.
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Keshavarzi, Morteza Daviran, and Mohd Hasan Ali. "A Novel Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Dynamic Performance Enhancement of Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid." Electronics 9, no. 10 (October 11, 2020): 1653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9101653.
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The conventional bidirectional DC-DC converter (BDC), which employs a half-bridge configuration, has some major disadvantages, including a controller designed for one direction with poor performance in the other direction, a bidirectional operation which does not have symmetrical voltage gain resulting in asymmetrical operation, and step-up and step-down switches that are simultaneously modulated, thereby increasing switching losses. To overcome these drawbacks, this paper proposes a new, nonisolated, DC-DC converter for the bidirectional power flow of battery energy storage applications in DC and hybrid microgrids (HMGs). The proposed converter uses two back-to-back Boost converters with two battery voltage levels, which eliminates step-down operation to obtain symmetric gains and dynamics in both directions. In discharge mode, two battery sections are in parallel connection at a voltage level lower than the grid voltage. In charge mode, two battery sections are in series connection at a voltage level higher than the grid voltage. Simulations demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed converter in the MATALB\Simulink environment. The results show that the proposed converter has promising performance compared to that of the conventional type. Moreover, the novel converter adds no complexity to the control system and does not incur considerable power loss or capital cost.
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Zheng, Wen-Ming, Wen-Liang Zeng, Chi-Wa U, Chi-Seng Lam, Yan Lu, Sai-Weng Sin, Man-Chung Wong, and Rui Paulo Martins. "Analysis, Design and Control of an Integrated Three-Level Buck Converter under DCM Operation." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 01 (March 12, 2019): 2050011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620500115.
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A three-level buck (TLB) converter has the characteristics of higher voltage conversion efficiency, lower inductor current ripples, output voltage ripples and voltage stresses on switches when compared with the buck converters in continuous conduction mode (CCM). With a TLB converter integrated on a chip, we cannot avoid its discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) operation due to a smaller inductance and load variation. In this paper, we’ll present and discuss the analysis, design and control of a TLB converter under DCM operation, implemented in a 65[Formula: see text]nm CMOS process. Transistor level simulation results show that when the TLB converter operates at 100[Formula: see text]MHz with a 5[Formula: see text]nH on-chip inductor, a 10[Formula: see text]nF output capacitor and a 10[Formula: see text]nF flying capacitor, it can achieve an output conversion range of 0.7–1.2[Formula: see text]V from a 2.4[Formula: see text]V input supply, with a peak efficiency of 81.5%@120[Formula: see text]mW. The output load transient response is 100[Formula: see text]mV with 101[Formula: see text]ns for undershoot, and 86[Formula: see text]mV with 110[Formula: see text]ns for overshoot when [Formula: see text]–100[Formula: see text]mA. The maximum output voltage ripple is less than 19[Formula: see text]mV.
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Mirgorodskaya, Ekaterina E., Vadim A. Kolchev, Mikhail E. Mamonychev, Nikita P. Mityashin, and Anastasia S. Shcherbakova. "SIMULATION OF COMMUTATION PROCESSES OF MULTI-LEVEL VOLTAGE INVERTER SWITCHES." Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2021-3-83-93.
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An algorithm for controlling of commutator’s transistors of a single-phase multi-level voltage inverter is presented. The structure of the power circuit of the considered converter, in contrast to most existing circuits, does not depend on the levels number of the output curve due to the using of an universal source of levels, which are formed by output capacitors of two pulsed DC-converters. The commutator control algorithm ensures the formation of the required output curve of the inverter and excludes the occurrence of emergency situations during level commutating. Features of the converter and commutator operation in modes of active power transmission from pulse converters to the load and perception of the reactive power of the inverter load by them are considered.
The commutator operation algorithm determines the sequence of control pulses, applied to the base of transistors, the sequence being synchronized with the process of the output voltage curve forming, as well as the direction of the inverter input current. At the same time, features of the level commutating are considered. They differ in the transition direction in value of level voltages: «up» from a lower value to a higher one and «down» from a higher value to a lower one. The sequence of supply and removal of pulses from control electrodes of switches and commutations caused by them, when the inverter input current is positive, are given. The similar commutating of levels is realized, when the inverter input current is negative. Wherein indexes of switches are rearranged in accordance with the direction replacement of their switching of the commutator circuit.
A commutator model is realized using Micro-Cap 12 to demonstrate the operation of the algorithm. The transistor MJ15003 model is used as a commutator’s switch. In the model, output capacitors of pulse converters are represented by voltage sources, an autonomous inverter – by an active inductive load. The commutating from a higher voltage level to a lower one with a positive input current of the inverter is considered as an example. Simulation results confirm the performance of the algorithm.
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Chen, Yong, and Xu Zhang. "Voltage Balancing Method on Expert System for 51-Level MMC in High Voltage Direct Current Transmission." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2968484.
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The Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) have been a spotlight for the high voltage and high power transmission systems. In the VSC-HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current based on Voltage Source Converter) transmission system, the energy of DC link is stored in the distributed capacitors, and the difference of capacitors in parameters and charge rates causes capacitor voltage balance which affects the safety and stability of HVDC system. A method of MMC based on the expert system for reducing the frequency of the submodules (SMs) of the IGBT switching frequency is proposed. Firstly, MMC with 51 levels for HVDC is designed. Secondly, the nearest level control (NLC) for 51-level MMC is introduced. Thirdly, a modified capacitor voltage balancing method based on expert system for MMC-based HVDC transmission system is proposed. Finally, a simulation platform for 51-level Modular Multilevel Converter is constructed by using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results indicate that the strategy proposed reduces the switching frequency on the premise of keeping submodule voltage basically identical, which greatly reduces the power losses for MMC-HVDC system.
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Reddy, Mamidala Hemanth. "Quadratic Boost Converter." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 25, 2021): 2010–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36662.
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The output voltage from the sustainable energy like photovoltaic (PV) arrays and fuel cells will be at less amount of level. This must be boost considerably for practical utilization or grid connection. A conventional boost converter will provides low voltage gain while Quadratic boost converter (QBC) provides high voltage gain. QBC is able to regulate the output voltage and the choice of second inductor can give its current as positive and whereas for boost increases in the voltage will not able to regulate the output voltage. It has low semiconductor device voltage stress and switch usage factor is high. Analysis and design modeling of Quadratic boost converter is proposed in this paper. A power with 50 W is developed with 18 V input voltage and yield 70 V output voltage and the outcomes are approved through recreation utilizing MATLAB/SIMULINK MODEL.
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Hwu, Kuo-Ing, Jenn-Jong Shieh, and Wen-Zhuang Jiang. "Three-level boost converter with zero voltage transition." Journal of Engineering 2017, no. 7 (July 1, 2017): 354–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2017.0149.
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Zhang, Hong, Gui Xin Wang, Hao Yan, and Lu Zhou Zhang. "Research on the Half-Bridge Three-Level DC/DC Converter with High Frequency and High Voltage." Advanced Materials Research 732-733 (August 2013): 1175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.732-733.1175.
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In this research, a high-voltage direct current zero voltage switching (ZVS) PWM half-bridge converter is proposed. The parameters of the converter as follows: the input voltage is up to 4000V;the output voltage is 600V.The new ZVS PWM TL converter has neutral point clamping diodes and flying capacitor. This research is going to analyze the working principle of circuit witch thus realizing the zero voltage switching and the circuit parameters selection. Moreover, circuits simulation is carried out by MATLAB to verify the reliability and feasibility of this DC/DC converter topology.