Relevant bibliographies by topics / Volga Bulgarians

Academic literature on the topic 'Volga Bulgarians'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Volga Bulgarians"

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Salmin, Anton. "Matters of the Danube Bulgars Identity and the Historical Ancestors of Chuvash in the Studies of Arist Kunik." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 1 (February 2022): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.1.14.

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Introduction. Academic of the Imperial Academy of Sciences of Saint Petersburg Arist Kunik published his work “On the Relationship of Hagan-Bulgarians with the Chuvash According to the Slavic-Bulgarian Nominalia” in 1878. The matters of the historical relationship of Bulgarians and Chuvash have been widely discussed since that time. The objective of the article is to evaluate the basic provisions of Kunik’s study from the point of view of innovative advances in this field. Attention is focused on the identity of Danube Bulgars and the historical ancestors of modern Chuvash. Methods and materials. Kunik based his reasoning on two books of Andrey Popov with the review of chronicles in the Russian version. Such chronicles are consolidated in scientific literature under the conventional name ‘Nominalia’. Kunik also used the opinions of Vasily Radlov. Analysis. Matters of the Danube Bulgars ethnogenesis enter largely into Kunik’s work. Given the fact that the Bulgars had come from the Caucasus and then divided into descents in the Volga and the Danube regions, Kunik resorts to comparative characteristics of the Danube and Volga historical ancestors of the Bulgars. In the Middle Volga region, the Bulgars appeared in the 8th – 9th centuries. This is evidenced by the archeological monuments of the saltov type. Bulgarian researchers find direct correspondence between the Kubrat and Asparuhovo Bulgarians. Results. Kunik says that the Chuvash are direct descendants of Bulgars. However, his views on this matter are quite unreliable. His doubts were dispelled in the 20th – 21st centuries by the historical science. In spite of the ambiguity of a lot of Kunik’s provisions on the identity of Danube Bulgars and the Chuvash, now his suppositions are confirmed to a great extent – primarily, by linguists. Generally Kunik based his research on the names of Bulgarian khans and numeral adjectives in the Nominalia.
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Lebedev, Yuri S., and Pavel V. Popov. "A BURIAL OF THE 8th–9th CENTURIES AD IN ASTRAKHAN REGION AND A POT WITH A RUNIC INSCRIPTION." Rossiiskaia arkheologiia, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869606323010130.

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On the territory of Astrakhan Region, an unusual burial was investigated containing a molded pot with a runic inscription on the body made in the Don script. This find is unique for the Lower Volga region. The burial is dated to the late 8th–9th century AD and can be correlated with the Bulgarian tribes. In addition to this complex, about 15 more burials with a similar ritual and accompanying goods were found in the Lower Volga region. All of them also correlate with the Bulgarians and date back to the late 8th–9th century AD. These complexes are contemporary with the Sokolovo-type burials under mounds found in the Lower Volga region. The material from those sites suggests that they were synchronous; interethnic and cultural contacts are traceable. Isolation of the Bulgarian component makes it possible to clarify the ethnic and cultural situation in the Lower Volga region in the Khazar period. The found pot with a runic inscription from Kazachiy hillock in Astrakhan Region clearly testifies to its connections with the area of the Saltov-Mayaki culture.
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Boboyorov, G'aybulla. "The Proto-turkic Epoch of the Turkic Language: the Branches of Xun and Ogur-bulgar." Golden scripts 1, no. 3 (September 10, 2019): 81–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.52773/tsuull.gold.2019.3/dgzt3518.

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Today Turkic languages are divided into 3 main large dialects like Oghuz, Qarluq, Qipchaq and relatively small dialects such as Halač, Southern Siberian Turkic, Chuvash, and Yakut (Saha). Each or most of these dialects are the followers of the language of the ancient Turkic – “the language of the Ork-hon-Yenisey inscriptions”, i.e. according to some Turkologists, they are the di-rectly follower of the Common Turkic, and some of them different from these languages. Especially, this is very obvious in languages of Chuvash and in lan-guage of Volga Bulgarians of the Middle ages, for them the terms of “the fol-lowers of proto-Turkic language” or “a branch of the Hun language” are widely accepted. In this article, the terms “proto-Turkic” or “Hun language” the author try to analyze the questions what lies the behind these terms and why Altaic scholars or Turkologists came to conclusion that the aforementioned dialects are considered to be Proto-Turkic.
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Aksionov, V. S. "Set Belts from the Catacomb No. 31 of the Early-Medieval Burial Ground near Verkhnii Saltiv Village." Arheologia 1, no. 1 (March 6, 2024): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2024.01.125.

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The materials of the catacomb burial no. 31 investigated in 1985 by the expedition of the Kharkiv Historical Museum under the leadership of V. H. Borodulina on the main site of the Early-Medieval burial ground in Verknii Saltiv village (VSM1) are introduced into the scientific circulation. The burial chamber, transverse to the dromos, contained the remains of two people (a man and a woman) with the traces of deliberate destruction committed in ancient times (fig. 1: 1). Inventory found with the buried people (fig. 2) allows dating this complex to the second — third quarters of the 9th century. The elements of the belt set found in the burial, represented by cast bronze plaques and a fragment of a bronze belt buckle (fig. 1: 2—6) are of interest. Two belt plaques with a fixed loop in the lower part of the shield are decorated with a lotus ornament (fig. 1: 6) typical for the 3rd chronological horizon of the Saltiv antiquities. Two square-shaped plaques with a rectangular hole that has a pointed top in the lower part of the shield (fig. 1: 3, 4) are distinctive among the Turkic antiquities of the 8th—10th centuries. Similar plaques of the Saltiv period are found in the assemblages of the Volga River middle region and the Southern Urals (Volga Bulgarians, Magyars, Mordovians, Mari), where they are part of the decorations of the Turk-Ural circle. Five more round plaques are decorated with floral ornament (fig. 1: 5), which finds analogies in the monuments of the “Magyar” circle of the 9th—10th centuries (Elizavetino-Mikhailovka, Kriukovo-Kuzhnovskii burial grounds in the Volga region, burial in the village of Nova Mykolaivka in the Dnipro Oblast). This belt set consists of three types of plaques that correspond to different traditions. Appearance of the set reflects existence of certain military fashion in the Saltiv society associated with the role played by the Magyars in the 830–890s, being in allied relations with the top of the Khazar Khaganate.
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Rudych, T. O. "FORMATION OF THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE IN COSSACK TIME. STEPPE IMPACT." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 37, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2020.04.21.

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The anthropological type of Ukrainians of Cossack Era was formed on the Old Rus anthropological substrate. They were mostly descendants of the inhabitants of former lands of Drevlyani, Volynyani, Tivertsy and partly Galichani. They were characterized by a combination of a broad face with a dolichocranial or mesocranial skull. People from non-Slavic groups, including ones from the steppe zone, also took part in the formation of the anthropological composition of the late medieval population of Ukraine. Mostly it was a population that was genetically related to the groups that had ancient roots in the Turkic-speaking world. It was characterized by a Zlivkin morphological complex (brachycranium, a relatively broad face that had a weakened horizontal profile at the top). The type is Caucasian, it was widespread in large areas occupied by the Saltovo-Mayatska culture. It was characteristic for the population of Khazaria, the medieval cities of Crimea, the plains of the North Caucasus, the southern Bulgarians. For the population of Volga Bulgaria, the appearance of this morphological complex is associated with the movement of the early Bulgarians genetically related to the Sarmatians. The type continued to dominate in some areas during the Golden Horde and after the Golden Horde Age. Its presence is recorded in the south of Ukraine and in Moldova. The infiltration of the descendants of this population into the Slavic environment of Ukraine took place in different ways. The source territories for it could be the Lower Dnieper and the Prut-Dniester interfluve. The time of infiltration is most likely the second half of the 13th—15th centuries. Single skulls which are characterized by a tall face with a sharp horizontal profile and can be associated with people from the North Caucasus are recorded in the late medieval cemeteries of Ukraine. Skulls with clearly defined Mongoloid features practically are not found in the late medieval Christian cemeteries of Ukraine. Groups of nomads with these features (from Cumans to Nogai Tartars) are anthropologically differ as far as possible from the population of Cossack Era Ukraine, which was buried in Christian cemeteries.
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Stanislavovna Kuptsova, Malvina. "Medieval clayware as a determiner of the ethnocultural composition of the population." Nexo Revista Científica 34, no. 01 (April 14, 2021): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v34i01.11298.

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This article examines the medieval utensils found on the territory of the medieval towns of Volga, Bulgaria. Statistical analysis, technical and technological analysis is carried out. Based on the analysis of material materials, ethnocultural groups are linked, their interaction, and their influence on the local Bulgarian population. Volga Bulgaria is a major state transformation on the territory of medieval Eastern Europe, which included a large number of immigrants, one of which, in this case, the Ugric component, will be considered in the article.
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Sarapulov, Aleksey Nikolayevich. "South Russian traces in the origins of the tillage in the Perm Region (archaeological evidence)." Samara Journal of Science 8, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201983212.

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The paper deals with some issues of the origins of the tillage in the Perm Region at the turn of the 12th century. During that time, a new type of implement got widespread. They were ards fitted with broad-bladed iron shares. The finds of the shares were analyzed and compared with the analogous ones from the territory of Kievan Rus. The analysis showed that the South Russian articles found in the Upper Kama region appeared together with Bulgarian articles and sometimes with the ard shares. South Russian things of 10-11 centuries were also found on the territory of Volga Bulgaria. Being a large mediaeval state, Volga Bulgaria both had a strong influence on the Finno-Ugric population of the Kama region and had dealings with Kievan Rus (northern and southern parts) using the Volga trade route. Therefore, the origins of the tillage and the appearance of the broad-bladed iron shares in the Perm Region may be connected with the spreading of the South Russian agricultural traditions through the agency and under the influence of Volga Bulgaria.
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Anshakov, Yu P. "RESIDENTS OF THE VOLGA REGION IN THE STRUGGLE FOR THE FREEDOM OF BULGARIA DURING THE RUSSIAN-TURKISH WAR OF 1877-1878. Part 2." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. History Sciences 5, no. 1 (2023): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/2658-4816-2023-5-1-31-46.

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The article is devoted to the participation of the residents of the Volga region in the hostilities on the territory of Bulgaria during the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878. The regiments that arrived in Bulgaria from the provinces of the Volga region took part in the most important battles of the war, such as the battle of Lovcha, the assault on Plevna, and the crossing of the Troyan Pass to the Trans-Balkan region in December 1877. The author examines such an important event of the war as the battle of Stara Zagora (Eskizağra) in July 1877, when Russian soldiers and Bulgarian militia fought under the Samara flag. He also discusses some subjects related to the reaction of the population of the Volga region to certain events of the Russian-Turkish war.
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Anshakov, Yu P. "RESIDENTS OF THE VOLGA REGION IN THE STRUGGLE FOR THE FREEDOM OF BULGARIA DURING THE RUSSIAN-TURKISH WAR OF 1877-1878. PART 1." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. History Sciences 4, no. 4 (2022): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/2658-4816-2022-4-4-16-28.

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The article is devoted to the participation of the residents of the Volga region in the hostilities on the territory of Bulgaria during the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878. The regiments that arrived in Bulgaria from the provinces of the Volga region took part in the most important battles of the war, such as the battle of Lovcha, the assault on Plevna, and the crossing of the Troyan Pass to the Trans-Balkan region in December 1877. The author examines such an important event of the war as the battle of Stara Zagora (Eskizağra) in July 1877, when Russian soldiers and Bulgarian militia fought under the Samara flag. He also discusses some subjects related to the reaction of the population of the Volga region to certain events of the Russian-Turkish war.
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Belenov, Nikolay Valeryevich. "Najib Hamadani and Ahmed at-Tusi’s Bulgarian oikonyms and their location in the former Volga Bulgaria." Samara Journal of Science 5, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20163206.

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This article attempts to localize the fortresses of the Volga Bulgars (first of all, fortresses Marj and Tehshu) known from medieval authors reportedly Najib Hamadani and Ahmed at-Tusi. In the course of solving this problem the question of these authors data reliability is raised, as well as the common source of this information borrowing. There is a good reason to see this in the source known among the Arab-Persian historical and geographical medieval manuscripts as Rizal by Ahmed ibn Fadlan, the Secretary of Abbasid embassy to the Volga Bulgars Elteber Almush, who visited the Volga in 922. This fact explains the absence of Bulgarian cities known from other sources in the given lists as well as the question of uniqueness of Hamadani and at-Tusis information. On the basis of the sources synthesis, place-and folklore studies, the article proposes some options for localization of some of these forts and etymology options of Bulgarian oikonyms mentioned in the papers by the considered authors. The author proves the importance of place names data at the present stage of Bulgar study research, especially of Volga Bulgaria historical geography as well as further studies are planned.
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Books on the topic "Volga Bulgarians"

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Ot Balkana do Volga: Sŭbrani sŭchinenii︠a︡. Sofii︠a︡: Izdatelstvo Simolini, 2013.

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Pavlov, Nikolaĭ. The Bulgarian issue in the Volga-Ural Region, 1988-2003. Sofia: TANGRA TanNakRa, 2005.

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Androvski, Ivo. V Bŭlgarii︠a︡ na Volga: Khronika na edna ekspedit︠s︡ii︠a︡. Sofii︠a︡: Izd. "Avitokhol-Ivo Androvski", 2014.

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Pavlov, Nikolaĭ. Bŭlgarskii︠a︡t vŭpros vŭv Volgo-Uralieto (1988-2003). Sofii︠a︡: TANGRA TanNakRa, 2003.

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Embleton, Gerry, David Nicolle, and Viacheslav Shpakovsky. Armies of the Volga Bulgars and Khanate of Kazan: 9th-16th Centuries. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2013.

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Embleton, Gerry, David Nicolle, and Viacheslav Shpakovsky. Armies of the Volga Bulgars and Khanate of Kazan: 9th-16th Centuries. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2013.

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Embleton, Gerry, David Nicolle, and Viacheslav Shpakovsky. Armies of the Volga Bulgars and Khanate of Kazan: 9th-16th Centuries. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2012.

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Jończyk, Ludwika, and Aneta Gołębiowska-Tobiasz. Zbrojni kupcy z Szurpił. Na szlaku ze Skandynawii do Bułgarii Nadwołżańskiej. University of Warsaw Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323549161.

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The monograph analyses the origin of artefacts (the elements of attire and equipment of an armed merchant, from the Volga Upland in Volga Bulgaria), unusual for north-eastern Poland and found during the excavations in Szurpiły in the Suwałki Region. It is an interesting journey along the trade routes of the early Middle Ages, which links culturally different and geographically distant regions of Europe.
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Book chapters on the topic "Volga Bulgarians"

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Valiulina, Svetlana I. "Middle Eastern Glazed Ceramics of the 11th Century in Bilyar, the Capital of Volga Bulgaria." In Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences, 209–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86040-0_19.

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"Historical Introduction: Volga-Bulgaria (before 1236)." In Historical Anthology of Kazan Tatar Verse, 1–40. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315027456-1.

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Feldman, Alex M. "Case Studies of Monotheisation in Eighth- to Thirteenth-Century Pontic-Caspian Eurasia." In The Monotheisation of Pontic-Caspian Eurasia, 97–150. Edinburgh University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474478106.003.0004.

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Due to the previous chapters’ foci on ethnogenesis, sedentarisation and monotheisation (Judaisation) in Khazaria, this chapter will in turn examine the same processes within each of the case studies in this order: the Volga Bulgars, Magyars, Pečenegs, Cuman-Qıpčaqs and Rus’. While many scholars have documented the Christianisation of various European polities, they have not necessarily examined them in regard to other possible monotheisations such as Islamisation or Judaisation. For example, Volga Bulgaria’s Islamisation came partially because of Khazaria’s Judaisation, according to the 10th-c. work of ibn Fadlān. The Magyar-Pečeneg migration through the Pontic-Caspian steppe came partially because of Khazarian policy according to the 10th-c. work of Constantine VII Porphyrogennētos. Throughout each case study, the chapter discusses various themes of monotheisation relating to economics, allegiances and law, paying special attention to archaeological discoveries relating to contested loyalties, notably through numismatics, epigraphy, sigillography, ceramics, fortifications and funerary archaeology. One of the primary questions threading through this chapter will be: were there so-called “ethnicities” before monotheism?
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"Volga-Bulgaria to the Golden Horde: 12th–14th Centuries." In Historical Anthology of Kazan Tatar Verse, 41–74. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315027456-2.

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Feldman, Alex M. "The Monotheisation of Khazaria." In The Monotheisation of Pontic-Caspian Eurasia, 18–82. Edinburgh University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474478106.003.0002.

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This chapter discusses conversion to Judaism within the Khazar khağanate regarding dating and ethnogenesis. It evaluates many theories about Khazarian society and previous scholars’ attempts to contextualise the Khazars’ adoption of Judaism. While contemporaneous dynasties adopted and imposed Islam (Islamisation) or Christianity (Christianisation) on their subjects, the Khazarian khağans adopted (but didn’t impose) Judaism (Judaisation). Each of these processes can be deemed "monotheisation." It also analyses sedentarisation alongside monotheisation (here, Judaisation), and the centralisation of dynastic institutions. Khazaria demonstrates how monotheisation fundamentally imposed a social structure by using monotheistic laws to transform a pagan chiefdom into a monotheistic princedom, khağanate or kingdom through (or despite) the contested loyalties of the local aristocracy. In conclusion, Khazaria can be considered a test case for monotheisation comparable to other cases, such Volga Bulgaria, Hungary, the Pečenegs, Rus’ and Cuman-Qıpčaqs.
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Feldman, Alex M. "A Commonwealth Inchoate: Byzantium and Pontic-Caspian Eurasia in the Tenth Century." In The Monotheisation of Pontic-Caspian Eurasia, 83–96. Edinburgh University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474478106.003.0003.

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This chapter finalises the story of Khazaria regarding Byzantine Pontic policy before 989 CE and gives a prelude to the so-called “Byzantine Commonwealth.” It discusses two competing theories for the downfall of the Khazar khağanate in the 10th century – one based on competition with the Rus’ for tribute from local subject populations (and culminating in the pagan Rus’ prince Svjatoslav’s assault against Khazaria). The other theory is based on Khazarian loss of revenue due to the Islamisation of Volga Bulgaria – and argues that both theories are compatible. Then, it reinterprets Byzantium’s relationship with the Black Sea and her northern neighbours before and after their respective monotheisations in the 10th century. It argues that ethnicity was never considered as based exclusively on biological descent (primordial) in Byzantium, but rather as a component of monotheism and therefore that the “Byzantine Commonwealth” truly accelerated due to top-down Christianisation processes of peripheral dynasties by the turn of the 11th century.
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Feldman, Alex M. "A Proposition." In The Monotheisation of Pontic-Caspian Eurasia, 1–17. Edinburgh University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474478106.003.0001.

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The first chapter proposes the book’s unifying arguments, that only by de-mystifying the entire tripartite division of history (into ancient, medieval and modern) are we able to contrive present ethno-national identities not as “forming” in some stable, if debatable abstract periodisation, but as being created by the process of various ruling dynasties’ conversions to various monotheisms, whenever and wherever it occurred. Namely, a nation didn’t convert to a monotheism en masse, only a dynasty did, and then imposed its form of monotheism down on its subjects, which later became what today we imagine to be a “nation.” Outside self-described “European” space, the same processes of monotheistic impositions which occurred in “late-antiquity” (defined to ~800 CE), also continued further into Western Eurasia, whether as Christian, Jewish or Islamic proselytizations, using several case studies (“petri dishes”), to study these processes. The first case study is Khazaria, then Volga Bulgaria, Hungary, the Pečenegs, Rus’ and Cuman-Qıpčaqs. After frontloading historiographical and methodological discussions about various schools of thought and different methodologies in previously distinct fields, the argument turns toward combining these different fields, traditions and methodologies into a mosaic of interdisciplinary research.
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Pallot, Judith, and Tat'yana Nefedova. "Ethno-cultural Differentiation in Household Production." In Russia's Unknown Agriculture. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199227419.003.0013.

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Russia is a multi-ethnic country with more than two hundred different ‘officially recognized’ ethnic groups. Of these, twenty-seven have been given administrative recognition in the form of national republics, which together with non-ethnically based oblasts and krais (regions and territories) make up the Russian Federation. The Great Russians are numerically the most dominant group accounting for 80 per cent of the population. Next come the Tatars at 5.5 million, or 4 per cent of the total, and then Ukrainians, Bashkirs, Chuvashes, Chechens, Armenians, and other much less numerous groups. Soviet nationality policy did much to preserve ethnic identities in Russia, even though these were supposed to be transcended by a higher ‘Soviet socialist’ identity. When the USSR collapsed it did so along ethnic lines, and the post-Soviet Russian government was forced to accept ethnoterritorialism as an organizing principle of the new federal state (Smith, 1990, 1999). The major nationalities are not spatially discrete; many members of the most numerous nationalities live outside their republic and in only a minority of the national republics is the titular ethnic group the majority population. However, at lower scales, the picture is different and spatial segregation along ethnic lines can be marked, especially in rural areas. The southern steppe, describing an arc stretching from the Ukrainian border in the west to the regions beyond the River Volga in the east is, in fact, a veritable ethnic mosaic. Travellers who visited the southern and eastern steppe of European Russia in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries commented upon the variety of national and religious groups of different descent settled in the area. Apart from the Russians who had come south during the protracted conquest of the steppe, people were to be found there of German, Swedish, Armenian, Bulgarian, Serbian,Walachian, Moldavian, Polish, Jewish, and Greek origin together with the descendants of the traditional steppe dwellers, the Tatars, Bashkirs, Chuvashes, Kirghiz, Kalmyks, and Mordvinians. The ethnic diversity of the settlers in the steppe was matched by the diversity of their cultural mores and religions.
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Conference papers on the topic "Volga Bulgarians"

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Pilipcsuk, Jaroslav V. "Башкирско–венгерская проблема – Дискурс источников и стереотипы историографии." In Hadak útján XXIV. : A népvándorláskor fiatal kutatóinak XXIV. konferenciája. PPKE BTK Régészeti Tanszék, MTA BTK Magyar Őstörténeti Témacsoport, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55722/arpad.kiad.2017.3.2_10.

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This paper addresses the topical issues of the Bashkir-Hungarian historical research. Ungaria Maior is not identical with Bashkiria. Only two of the Bashkirian ethnonyms are connected with the Proto-Hungarians. The Ugric component certainly had a role in the ethnogenesis of the Bashkirs, but the latter had little to do with the actual Hungarians. Al-Masoudi’s information about the Bagjurd and Nukarda relates to Hungarians and Bulgarians. The name Bashgird (badjgurd) in eastern sources refers to Hungarians, whereas Kelars (Kerel) denotes the Pannonian Magyars. This ethnonym derives from the ruler’s title in Hungarian (király, ‘king’). Magna Hungaria of the Franciscans is not identical with Hungaria Maior of the Dominicans. Hungarians of Jeretamir lived near the Don. While the hypothesis about the Caucasus as the ancestral homeland of the Hungarians is most probably wrong, and the city name Majar is not connected with the Hungarians, the population of the Kushnarenkovskaya and Karayakupovskaya cultures in the Ural Mountains seem to have been related to the them. The people of the Kushnarenkovtsy and Karpayakupovtsy cultures, along with the population of the Bakal culture, formed part of a large Ugric population in the steppes, from among whom the Hungarians separated. They appear to have spoken a language close to that of the ancient Hungarians. Some of them migrated to the Volga–Kama region by the 13th century. The people of the Chiyalik culture, however, are not related to the ancient Hungarians. The Ugric–Hungarian people who stayed in the territory of Bashkortostan was later assimilated by the Bashkirs.
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Khramchenkova, Rezida. "INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH OF SPHERICAL CONES FROM VOLGA BULGARIA." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on ANTHROPOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY, HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b31/s9.048.

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М.П., Милованова,. "METAL PARTS OF THE BELT FITTINGS OF THE KRUTIK BURIAL GROUNDS OF THE IX - EARLY XI CENTURY (KLADOVKA I, II)." In Археология Владимиро-Суздальской земли. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2021.978-5-94375-365-7.21-37.

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Abstract:
Поселение Крутик - один из важных средневековых памятников Белозерья. К нему относятся могильники Кладовка I и II, выявленные в 2008 и 2009 гг. Одной из основных категорий находок, полученных на памятниках, являются металлические детали ременной гарнитуры. Они найдены в 230 экземплярах, всего из них гипотетически выделяется 12 наборов. На основании существующих аналогий наборы можно разделить на две традиции - южную и восточную. Южная является самой ранней и может быть связанна с салтовскими и мадъярскими древностями. Восточная традиция стилистически уводит нас в направлении Волжской Булгарии, Прикамья, Марийского Поволжья и имеет широкий круг аналогий. В целом эти предметы ременной гарнитуры датируются IX-XI вв. The settlement of Krutik is an important medieval settlement of the Belozerye. It includes the burial grounds of Kladovka I and II, identified in 2008 and 2009. One of the main categories of finds obtained on the monuments are metal parts of the belt set. They are found in 230 copies, a total of 12 sets are allocated. Based on the existing analogies, they can be divided into two traditions - southern and eastern. The southern one is the earliest and may be associated with the Saltov and Madyar antiquities. The Eastern tradition is stylistically oriented in the direction of Volga Bulgaria, the Kama region, and the Mari Volga region and has a wide range of analogies. In general, these items of the belt set date back to the IX-XI centuries.
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Gainullin, Iskander, Bulat M. Usmanov, and Artur Gafurov. "Study of fluvial processes impact on archaeological sites of the Volga Bulgaria period using remote sensing data." In Eighth International Conference on Remote Sensing and Geoinformation of the Environment (RSCy2020), edited by Kyriacos Themistocleous, Silas Michaelides, Vincent Ambrosia, Diofantos G. Hadjimitsis, and Giorgos Papadavid. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2571015.

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Gubaidullin, Airat. "STUDYING THE STATE OF VOLGA-BULGARIAN FORTIFIED SETTLEMENTS UNDER AGRICULTURAL IMPACT WITH THE USE OF MULTI-TIME AERIAL AND SPACE IMAGERY." In 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/2.2/s10.079.

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Gainullin, I. I., P. V. Khomyakov, A. G. Sitdikov, and B. M. Usmanov. "Study of anthropogenic and natural impacts on archaeological sites of the Volga Bulgaria period (Republic of Tatarstan) using remote sensing data." In Fourth International Conference on Remote Sensing and Geoinformation of the Environment, edited by Kyriacos Themistocleous, Diofantos G. Hadjimitsis, Silas Michaelides, and Giorgos Papadavid. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2240728.

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