Journal articles on the topic 'Volcanic areas'
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1
Zakharikhina, L. V., and Yu S. Litvinenko. "Volcanism and geochemistry of soil and vegetation cover of Kamchatka. Communication 2. Specificity of forming the elemental composition of volcanic soil in cold and humid conditions." Вулканология и сейсмология, no. 3 (May 14, 2019): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0203-03062019325-33.
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Volcanic soils of Kamchatka have the low contents of most the chemical elements in relation to their overall prevalence in the soils of continents and volcanic soils of Europe. Relatively increased gross contents of elements typical for volcanic rocks of medium and basic composition: Na, Ca, Mg, Cd, Mn, Co, Cu, and steadily low contents of elements characteristic of acid volcanics: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Nb, Hf, Tl, Rb and Th, is most characteristic of the soils of different areas of the peninsula. The existing in the past and currently observed different conditions of volcanism in the previously allocated soil areas of Kamchatka determine the diversity of the chemical composition of the soils in these territories.
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Zakharikhina, L. V., and Yu S. Litvinenko. "Volcanism and geochemistry of soil and vegetation cover of Kamchatka. Communication 2. Specificity of forming the elemental composition of volcanic soil in cold and humid conditions." Вулканология и сейсмология, no. 3 (May 14, 2019): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0205-96142019325-33.
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Volcanic soils of Kamchatka have the low contents of most the chemical elements in relation to their overall prevalence in the soils of continents and volcanic soils of Europe. Relatively increased gross contents of elements typical for volcanic rocks of medium and basic composition: Na, Ca, Mg, Cd, Mn, Co, Cu, and steadily low contents of elements characteristic of acid volcanics: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Nb, Hf, Tl, Rb and Th, is most characteristic of the soils of different areas of the peninsula. The existing in the past and currently observed different conditions of volcanism in the previously allocated soil areas of Kamchatka determine the diversity of the chemical composition of the soils in these territories.
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Seniukov, S. L., and I. N. Nuzhdina. "SEISMISITY of the VOLCANIC AREAS of KAMCHATKA in 2016–2017." Earthquakes in Northern Eurasia, no. 25 (December 20, 2022): 361–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35540/1818-6254.2022.25.34.
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The results of near real-time monitoring of the active Kamchatka volcanoes are described. Continuous monitoring was carried out using three remote methods: 1) seismic monitoring according to automatic telemetric seismic stations; 2) visual and video observation; 3) satellite observation of the thermal anomalies and the ash clouds. Daily information about volcanic activity is published in the Internet (http://www.emsd.ru/~ssl/monitoring/main.htm) since February 2000. The results of seismic activity of the Northern (Shiveluch, Kluchevskoy, Bezymianny, Krestovsky and Ushkovsky), Avacha (Avachinsky and Koryaksky), Mutnovsky-Gorely volcano group and Kizimen volcano for 2016–2017 are presented. Within two years 8152 earthquakes with KS=1.6–8.5 were located for Northern volcano group, 616 earthquakes with KS=1.6–7.2 – for Avacha volcano group, 357 earthquakes with KS=2.0–6.2 – Mutnovsky-Gorely volcano group, 144 earthquakes with KS=2.3–9.4 for Kizimen volcano, 322 earthquakes with KS=1.8–8.1 for Zhupanovsky volcano and 90 earthquakes with KS=5.0–8.6 for Kambalny volcano. Maps of epicenters, quantities of seismic energy and earthquake distribution according to class are given. All periods of activity were fixed and investigated by remote methods in 2016–2017: intensive volcanic activity of Sheveluch volcano associated with new cone, the summit explosive-effusive eruption of Kluchevskoy volcano from April 2016 till September 2017, explosive activity of Zhupanovsky volcano and seismic preparation and volcanic eruption of Kambalny volcano observed for the first time in historical period.
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Seniukov, S., and I. Nuzhdina. "SEISMISITY of THE VOLCANIC AREAS of KAMCHATKA in 2015." Earthquakes in Northern Eurasia, no. 24 (December 14, 2021): 349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35540/1818-6254.2021.24.33.
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The results of near real-time monitoring of the active Kamchatka volcanoes are described. Continuous monitoring was carried out using three remote methods: 1) seismic monitoring according to automatic telemetric seismic stations; 2) visual and video observation; 3) satellite observation of the thermal anomalies and the ash clouds. Annual results of seismic activity of the Northern (Shiveluch, Kluchevskoy, Bezymianny, Krestovsky, and Ushkovsky), the Avacha (Avachinsky, and Koryaksky), the Mutnovsky-Gorely volcano groups and the Kizimen volcano are presented. 5464 earthquakes with КS=1.8–8.1 were located for the Northern volcano group, 302 earthquakes with КS=1.7–5.7 – for the Avacha volcano group, 295 earthquakes with КS=2.1–6.8 for the Mutnovsky-Gorely volcano group, 462 earthquakes with КS=2.2–8.3 for Kizimen volcano, and 165 earthquakes with КS=2.5–8.4 for Zhupanovsky volcano in 2015. Maps of epicenters, quantities of seismic energy and earthquake distribution by energy classes are given. All periods of activity were fixed and investigated by remote methods in 2015: intensive volcanic activity of the Sheveluch volcano associated with a new cone; the summit explosive-effusive eruption of the Kluchevskoy volcano in January–April; and a continuation of seismic and volcanic activity of the Zhupanovsky volcano after 56-year quite period.
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Akay, G., P. Dare, and R. B. Langley. "Determination of Periodic Variations in Sub-Daily GPS Positions of Volcanic Areas." GEOMATICA 68, no. 2 (June 2014): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5623/cig2014-203.
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Deformation caused by a volcano (e.g., from volcanic activity) can be a good indicator of volcanic processes; ground deformation measurements using geodetic tools can be useful to monitor this movement. This study concentrates on detecting short-term movements occurring during both low activity periods and the eruptive stages of a volcano on the island of Montserrat by using sub-daily (epoch-by-epoch) GPS data processing approaches. The GPS data are obtained from UNAVCO for stations surrounding the Soufrière Hills Volcano during the May 20, 2006, volcanic eruption period and during the Fall 2012 period (a period of lower activity). In order to analyze hidden periodicities within the data, Least Squares Spectral Analysis has been used. Our results show that the sub-daily peaks are located at near diurnal and semidiurnal tidal constituents (K1 and K2) with up to 5 mm amplitude.
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Melling, David R., Charles E. Blackburn, David H. Watkinson, and Jack R. Parker. "Geological setting of gold, western Wabigoon Subprovince, Canadian Shield: exploration targets in mixed volcanic successions." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, no. 12 (December 1, 1988): 2075–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e88-192.
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The Archean volcanic rocks in the Cameron–Rowan lakes area may be divided into three distinct successions based on field mapping, petrographic studies, and lithogeochemical characteristics. The lowermost Rowan Lake Volcanics are tholeiitic pillowed basalts. These rocks are unconformably overlain by the Cameron Lake Volcanics, a mixed succession of tholeiitic massive and pillowed basalts and intermediate to felsic volcaniclastic rocks. The Brooks Lake Volcanics consist of tholeiitic basalts and represent the youngest volcanic rocks at the top of the preserved succession.Most of the gold concentrations in the Cameron–Rowan lakes area are confined to the mixed Cameron Lake Volcanics. The majority of these, including the Cameron Lake deposit, occur within shear zones near lithologic contacts. In the Eagle–Wabigoon and Manitou lakes areas there are similar stratigraphic subdivisions of the supracrustal rocks and many of the gold concentrations also occur in deformation zones within the mixed volcanic successions. The contrasting competencies among the basalts, the intermediate to felsic volcaniclastic rocks, and the intrusive rocks, which are characteristic of the mixed volcanic successions, localized stress during deformation, forming shear zones into which gold-bearing fluids gained access. The potential for successfully delineating economic gold concentrations appears greatest in the mixed volcanic successions within these areas and elsewhere in the western Wabigoon Subprovince of the Canadian Shield.
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Megerle, Heidi Elisabeth. "Geoheritage and Geotourism in Regions with Extinct Volcanism in Germany; Case Study Southwest Germany with UNESCO Global Geopark Swabian Alb." Geosciences 10, no. 11 (November 8, 2020): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10110445.
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Geotourism has become more popular in recent decades. Volcanism is an essential part of geoheritage and attracts a high number of visitors. In contrast to active volcanism, Tertiary volcanism is often not identified as such by a lay audience and is understandably perceived as less spectacular. The challenge is therefore to protect the volcanic heritage, to communicate its values, and to enhance it with the help of adequate geotourism offers. Germany does not have active volcanism, but a very high quality volcanic geological heritage, especially from the Tertiary period. Fortunately, this heritage is being increasingly valued and presented in an attractive way for a lay audience. The two Geoparks in the Eifel (Rhineland-Palatinate) are pioneers in this field. The UNESCO Global Geopark Swabian Alb actually offers a well camouflaged potential. The Swabian volcano, with an area of 1600 km2, is one of the most important tuff vent areas on earth, but hardly known outside of expert groups. A comprehensive strategy for the geotouristic valorization of the Tertiary volcanic phenomena does not yet exist in the Geopark Swabian Alb.
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Ko, Kyoungtae, Sungwon Kim, and Yongsik Gihm. "U-Pb Age Dating and Geochemistry of Soft-Sediment Deformation Structure-Bearing Late Cretaceous Volcano-Sedimentary Basins in the SW Korean Peninsula and Their Tectonic Implications." Minerals 11, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11050520.
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Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary basins and successions in the Korean Peninsula are located along NE-SW- and NNE-SSW-trending sinistral strike–slip fault systems. Soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) of lacustrine sedimentary strata occur in the Wido, Buan, and Haenam areas of the southwestern Korean Peninsula. In this study, systematic geological, geochronological, and geochemical investigations of the volcanic-sedimentary successions were conducted to constrain the origin and timing of SSDS-bearing lacustrine strata. The SSDS-bearing strata is conformably underlain and overlain by volcanic rocks, and it contains much volcaniclastic sediment and is interbedded with tuffs. The studied SSDSs were interpreted to have formed by ground shaking during syndepositional earthquakes. U-Pb zircon ages of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks within the studied volcano-sedimentary successions were ca. 87–84 Ma, indicating that active volcanism was concurrent with lacustrine sedimentation. Geochemical characteristics indicate that these mostly rhyolitic rocks are similar to subduction-related calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from an active continental margin. This suggests that the SSDSs in the study area were formed by earthquakes related to proximal volcanic activity due to the oblique subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate during the Late Cretaceous.
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KIM, ALICE, and NICOLE C. LAUTZE. "EARLY HAWAIIANS AND VOLCANIC HEAT." Earth Sciences History 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-39.1.146.
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This research serves as the first-known compilation of accounts of early Hawaiians using volcanic heat. Western explorers in the 1800s wrote about native Hawaiians near Kīlauea Volcano using volcanic heat for cooking and bathing. They cooked their food wrapped in leaves underground or above a steam crack at Sulphur Banks, Kīlauea Iki, and the Nāpau Crater Trail. Early Hawaiians bathed in the warm waters of Waiwelawela for health. To confirm the presence of volcanic heat, this study used geothermal resource maps by the Hawai‘i Play Fairway project. According to a probability map for volcanic heat, the areas where Hawaiians used volcanic heat have a probability of volcanic heat of 0.8 to 1.0. On a map with temperatures of water wells, water wells close to where Hawaiians used volcanic heat have elevated temperatures. Historically, the areas where Hawaiians used volcanic heat experienced volcanic steam release, volcanic eruptions, and lava flows.
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Harsolumakso, Agus Handoyo, Dardji Noeradi, Alfend Rudyawan, Dadan Amiarsa, Satryo Wicaksono, and Affan A. Nurfarhan. "Geology of the Eastern Part of the Volcanic-Kendeng Zone of East Java: Stratigraphy, Structures and Sedimentation Review from Besuki and Situbondo Areas." Jurnal Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral 20, no. 3 (July 8, 2019): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.33332/jgsm.geologi.20.3.143-152.
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The Tertiary stratigraphy of Situbondo was constructed by a series of volcanoclastic-carbonate turbidite facies of Menuran Formation with Pacalan limestone Member, and Leprak Formation. These formations formed a regional east-west trending circular anticlinorium. The Tertiary formations were covered by Quaternary volcano-clastic Ringgit Formation and subsequent younger Bagor volcanic products. The oldest Tertiary rock units are the Late Miocene-Pliocene Menuran Formation, with Pacalan Limestone Member. Formation is mainly composed of foram-rich marls and calcareous, sometimes tuffaceous sandstones, with conglomerate intercalations. Sedimentation of this formation is interpreted as to be a mixing, from proximal to distal turbidite, involving volcaniclastic and carbonate sources, in a bathyal open marine environment. The Early Pliocene Leprak Formation overlies conformably the Menuran Formation, which consists of alternating calcareous sandstones and tuff sandstones deposited in a bathyal open marine environment with proximal turbidite mechanism suggesting that basin depocenter was located to the east. Up to Late Pliocene, the region was dominated by developments proximal turbidite volcanoclastic sedimentation of The Leprak Formation, contemporaneous with increasing volcanic activity in the south. Deformation of Plio-Pleistocene in Java is believed to be the last major tectonic period, which forms the west-east trending structures. In Situbondo area, folding structures in this direction involves the Neogene Menuran Formation, Pacalan Member and Leprak Formation. Volcanic activity persists, and increases, with the activity of Ringgit-Beser volcano in Pleistocene. These late events of magmatism, volcanism and uplift were contributed to the last structural configuration of the area.Keyword : Situbondo, structural geology, volcanic-kendeng zone, stratigraphy
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Harsolumakso, Agus Handoyo, Dardji Noeradi, Alfend Rudyawan, Dadan Amiarsa, Satryo Wicaksono, and Affan A. Nurfarhan. "Geology of the Eastern Part of the Volcanic-Kendeng Zone of East Java: Stratigraphy, Structures and Sedimentation Review from Besuki and Situbondo Areas." Jurnal Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral 20, no. 3 (July 8, 2019): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.33332/jgsm.geologi.v20i3.465.
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The Tertiary stratigraphy of Situbondo was constructed by a series of volcanoclastic-carbonate turbidite facies of Menuran Formation with Pacalan limestone Member, and Leprak Formation. These formations formed a regional east-west trending circular anticlinorium. The Tertiary formations were covered by Quaternary volcano-clastic Ringgit Formation and subsequent younger Bagor volcanic products. The oldest Tertiary rock units are the Late Miocene-Pliocene Menuran Formation, with Pacalan Limestone Member. Formation is mainly composed of foram-rich marls and calcareous, sometimes tuffaceous sandstones, with conglomerate intercalations. Sedimentation of this formation is interpreted as to be a mixing, from proximal to distal turbidite, involving volcaniclastic and carbonate sources, in a bathyal open marine environment. The Early Pliocene Leprak Formation overlies conformably the Menuran Formation, which consists of alternating calcareous sandstones and tuff sandstones deposited in a bathyal open marine environment with proximal turbidite mechanism suggesting that basin depocenter was located to the east. Up to Late Pliocene, the region was dominated by developments proximal turbidite volcanoclastic sedimentation of The Leprak Formation, contemporaneous with increasing volcanic activity in the south. Deformation of Plio-Pleistocene in Java is believed to be the last major tectonic period, which forms the west-east trending structures. In Situbondo area, folding structures in this direction involves the Neogene Menuran Formation, Pacalan Member and Leprak Formation. Volcanic activity persists, and increases, with the activity of Ringgit-Beser volcano in Pleistocene. These late events of magmatism, volcanism and uplift were contributed to the last structural configuration of the area.Keyword : Situbondo, structural geology, volcanic-kendeng zone, stratigraphy
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Le Cozannet, G., M. Bagni, P. Thierry, C. Aragno, and E. Kouokam. "WebGIS as boundary tools between scientific geoinformation and disaster risk reduction action in volcanic areas." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 6 (June 25, 2014): 1591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-1591-2014.
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Abstract. As the amount of spatial data is growing, there is increased interest in developing tools to explore, visualize and interpret them, with the final aim of informing decision making efficiently. Within the European MIAVITA project, we examined this issue in the case of volcanic areas, where existing geospatial databases are particularly complex due to the number of threats to be considered, including volcanic (e.g. lava flows, ash fall) and non-volcanic hazards, such as landslides or tsunamis. We involved a group of hazard and risk analysts and managers, civil security officers, GIS analysts and system developers to design a Web-based geographical information system (WebGIS). We tested the system at the Mount Cameroon volcano, taking advantage of a complex hazard and risk geographical database. This study enabled identifying key requirements for such tools in volcanic areas, such as the need to manage user privileges differently according to their profile and the status of the volcano. This work also highlights that, in addition to the development of large geoinformation clearinghouses, there is a need for site-specific information systems focused on working procedures of users, in order to fill the last gap between data producers and users.
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Conde, V., D. Nilsson, B. Galle, R. Cartagena, and A. Muñoz. "A rapid deployment instrument network for temporarily monitoring volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> emissions – a study case from Telica volcano." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems Discussions 4, no. 1 (April 23, 2014): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gid-4-191-2014.
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Abstract. Volcanic gas emissions play a crucial role in describing geophysical processes; hence measurements of magmatic gases such as SO2 can be used as tracers prior and during volcanic crises. Different measurement techniques based on optical spectroscopy have provided valuable information when assessing volcanic crises. This paper describes the design and implementation of a network of spectroscopic instruments based on Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) for remote sensing of volcanic SO2 emissions, which is robust, portable and can be deployed in relative short time. The setup allows the processing of raw data in situ even in remote areas with limited accessibility, and delivers pre-processed data to end-users in near real time even during periods of volcanic crisis, via a satellite link. In addition, the hardware can be used to conduct short term studies of volcanic plumes in remotes areas. The network was tested at Telica, an active volcano located in western Nicaragua, producing what is so far the largest data set of continuous SO2 flux measurements at this volcano.
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Wardhani, Puspita Indra, Junun Sartohadi, and Sunarto Sunarto. "Dynamic Land Resources Management at the Mount Kelud, Indonesia." Forum Geografi 31, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v31i1.3612.
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There is a contradictive situation between the theory that believes that high volcanic hazard areas should be for limited production zones and those areas that are intensively utilised for several production activities. This paper tries to discuss that contradictive situation from both the perspective of natural hazards and natural resources, therefore, the best options for the land utilisation pattern might be formulated at these high volcanic hazards areas. We conducted landscape analysis that covers volcanic morphology, volcanic materials, and both natural and artificial processes that modify the morphology and materials characteristics. The natural processes occurring in the high volcanic hazard might cover non-volcanic processes such as erosion and landslide. The artificial processes were usually considered as land utilisation activities by the local community. In such areas where both natural and artificial processes occurred, we conducted in-depth interviews to assess the community perception on thread and benefits of the last Kelud Eruption in February 2014. We evaluated the current land resources utilisation and portrayed the local adaptive land resource utilisation. There were three types of land resources available at the active volcano: space, natural scenery, and volcanic materials. The availability of these land resources was in a dynamic condition both in terms of quality and quantity. Immediately after the eruption, the natural scenery made the area attractive as a tourist destination. Following the high intensity of rainfall, the volcanic materials might be used as high-quality construction materials. The available space might be utilised for any purposes after the situation became relatively stable. The current space was mostly used for agricultural enterprises which accommodates the physical and socio-cultural characteristics of the active volcano environment.
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Neri, M., G. Le Cozannet, P. Thierry, C. Bignami, and J. Ruch. "A method for multi-hazard mapping in poorly known volcanic areas: an example from Kanlaon (Philippines)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 8 (August 1, 2013): 1929–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-1929-2013.
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Abstract. Hazard mapping in poorly known volcanic areas is complex since much evidence of volcanic and non-volcanic hazards is often hidden by vegetation and alteration. In this paper, we propose a semi-quantitative method based on hazard event tree and multi-hazard map constructions developed in the frame of the FP7 MIAVITA project. We applied this method to the Kanlaon volcano (Philippines), which is characterized by poor geologic and historical records. We combine updated geological (long-term) and historical (short-term) data, building an event tree for the main types of hazardous events at Kanlaon and their potential frequencies. We then propose an updated multi-hazard map for Kanlaon, which may serve as a working base map in the case of future unrest. The obtained results extend the information already contained in previous volcanic hazard maps of Kanlaon, highlighting (i) an extensive, potentially active ~5 km long summit area striking north–south, (ii) new morphological features on the eastern flank of the volcano, prone to receiving volcanic products expanding from the summit, and (iii) important riverbeds that may potentially accumulate devastating mudflows. This preliminary study constitutes a basis that may help local civil defence authorities in making more informed land use planning decisions and in anticipating future risk/hazards at Kanlaon. This multi-hazard mapping method may also be applied to other poorly known active volcanoes.
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Kuri, Miwa, and Anawat Suppasri. "Perceptions of Volcanic Hazard-Related Information Relevant to Volcano Tourism Areas in Japan." Journal of Disaster Research 13, no. 6 (November 1, 2018): 1082–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2018.p1082.
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Perceptions of volcanic hazard-related information relevant to volcano tourism areas in Japan were investigated using an Internet questionnaire survey. This study focused on the possibilities of tourism activities as a method of disseminating disaster information not only to residents but also to visitors. We evaluated the effects of educational programs (EP) including recreational activities at geopark, for the purpose of further enhancing information content and establishment of cooperation system. The survey focused on the roles and perspectives of residents, the tourism industry, scientists, and the government in volcanic disaster mitigation, as well as the dissemination of volcanic information with regard to daily activities and the actions to be taken in the event of an emergency. Hazard perceptions tended to be actuate in areas where knowledge dissemination activities were active, but this did not lead to evacuation awareness. Evacuation awareness was correlated with disaster awareness, specifically regarding the degree of interest in a volcano, eruption frequency and style, perceptions of eruption predictability, and trust in information source. Disaster awareness correlated somewhat with eruption style and with the time elapsed science the most recent eruption. Our results showed that the perceptions of residents living near volcanoes depended on eruption frequency, their experience during previous eruptions, and local government assessments of the severity of the volcanic hazard. Despite advances in tools of social media, that is not yet to take advantage under disaster circumstances. A disaster prevention system that incorporates disaster prevention education and open lines of communication among scientists, government, media, residents, and the tourism industry is necessary to improve the disaster resilience of communities in volcanic areas.
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De Lauro, E., S. De Martino, M. Falanga, and M. Palo. "Self-sustained vibrations in volcanic areas extracted by Independent Component Analysis: a review and new results." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 18, no. 6 (December 8, 2011): 925–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-18-925-2011.
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Abstract. We investigate the physical processes associated with volcanic tremor and explosions. A volcano is a complex system where a fluid source interacts with the solid edifice so generating seismic waves in a regime of low turbulence. Although the complex behavior escapes a simple universal description, the phases of activity generate stable (self-sustained) oscillations that can be described as a non-linear dynamical system of low dimensionality. So, the system requires to be investigated with non-linear methods able to individuate, decompose, and extract the main characteristics of the phenomenon. Independent Component Analysis (ICA), an entropy-based technique is a good candidate for this purpose. Here, we review the results of ICA applied to seismic signals acquired in some volcanic areas. We emphasize analogies and differences among the self-oscillations individuated in three cases: Stromboli (Italy), Erebus (Antarctica) and Volcán de Colima (Mexico). The waveforms of the extracted independent components are specific for each volcano, whereas the similarity can be ascribed to a very general common source mechanism involving the interaction between gas/magma flow and solid structures (the volcanic edifice). Indeed, chocking phenomena or inhomogeneities in the volcanic cavity can play the same role in generating self-oscillations as the languid and the reed do in musical instruments. The understanding of these background oscillations is relevant not only for explaining the volcanic source process and to make a forecast into the future, but sheds light on the physics of complex systems developing low turbulence.
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Szakács, Alexandru, and Marinel Kovacs. "Volcanic Landforms and Landscapes of the East Carpathians (Romania) and Their Geoheritage Values." Land 11, no. 7 (July 12, 2022): 1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11071064.
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The Neogene–Quaternary volcanic range running along the East Carpathians in Romania, extends from the Oaș Mountains, in the north-west, to the South Harghita Mountains and the Perșani Mountains, in the south-east, as part of the broader volcanic province of the Carpathian–Pannonian Region. It resulted from intense volcanic activity during the 15–0.1 Ma time interval, generating huge volumes of effusive and explosive products and a variety of volcanic edifices and primary landforms from large composite volcanoes to small-sized domes/dome-coulées/lava flows and volcaniclastic plateaus around them. The present-day landforms were shaped by various syn-volcanic deformation processes (such as volcano spreading), post-volcanic erosion of various degrees and types (including glacial erosion on the highest-elevation parts and relief inversion in the peripheral areas) and modern anthropic intervention. Developed on this diverse volcanic substrate, the present-day landscape shows a large variety of aspects due to further factors (original topography, elevation, vegetation cover, distance from settlements, anthropic activities, and degradation processes). This volcanic range hosts many geoheritage-relevant sites of various spatial extent (from hundreds of km2 to limited areas of a few 10 m2) and of protection status (from national parks, natural or scientific reserves, natural monuments, and protected areas to areas with no protection at all). Despite its high geoheritage potential, geoparks are still absent, geotrails are sparse, and geotourism is in its infancy in the East Carpathian volcanic range.
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Suwarsono and M. Rokhis Khomarudin. "DETECTING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SETTLEMENTS ON VOLCANIC REGION USING IMAGE LANDSAT-8 OLI IMAGERY." International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences (IJReSES) 11, no. 1 (April 12, 2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30536/j.ijreses.2014.v11.a2602.
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Geologically, Indonesia region is on track ring of fire, brings the consequence that the danger of volcanic eruption could occur at any time. Information sites where the settlement is located in the affected areas on emergency response process is needed in quick time. The availability of up to date data is important because it illustrates the actual condition of the region. Active volcanic landforms ranging from the crater to footslope in general is prone area to volcanic eruption, either by the threat of lava flows, pyroclastic falls, or lahars. This study aims to detect the spatial distribution of the settlement on volcanic region using Landsat-8 OLI. Parameters used for the detection of settlements is Normalized Difference Build-up Index (NDBI). Research methods include radiometric correction, delineation of the boundaries of volcanic landforms, NDBI value extraction, extraction of settlement areas, as well as the accuracy assesment. Study area is Sinabung Volcano region located in the province of North Sumatera. Recently, the volcano experienced a devastating and catastrophic eruption. The results showed that the spatial distribution of settlements on volcanic landforms can be detected quickly from Landsat-8 OLI based on NDBI parameters with a sufficient degree of accuracy.
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Fu, Guangliang, Arnold Heemink, Sha Lu, Arjo Segers, Konradin Weber, and Hai-Xiang Lin. "Model-based aviation advice on distal volcanic ash clouds by assimilating aircraft in situ measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 14 (July 26, 2016): 9189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9189-2016.
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Abstract. The forecast accuracy of distal volcanic ash clouds is important for providing valid aviation advice during volcanic ash eruption. However, because the distal part of volcanic ash plume is far from the volcano, the influence of eruption information on this part becomes rather indirect and uncertain, resulting in inaccurate volcanic ash forecasts in these distal areas. In our approach, we use real-life aircraft in situ observations, measured in the northwestern part of Germany during the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption, in an ensemble-based data assimilation system combined with a volcanic ash transport model to investigate the potential improvement on the forecast accuracy with regard to the distal volcanic ash plume. We show that the error of the analyzed volcanic ash state can be significantly reduced through assimilating real-life in situ measurements. After a continuous assimilation, it is shown that the aviation advice for Germany, the Netherlands and Luxembourg can be significantly improved. We suggest that with suitable aircrafts measuring once per day across the distal volcanic ash plume, the description and prediction of volcanic ash clouds in these areas can be greatly improved.
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Ustyugov, G. V., and V. V. Ershov. "Mud volcanism as a dangerous phenomenon for oil and gas facilities." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 946, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/946/1/012030.
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Abstract The research dwells on the danger of mud volcanism for human economic activity, namely, oil and gas production. We performed quantitative assessment of mud volcanoes activities, using Azerbaijan and Kerch-Taman region as examples. Average annual number of mud volcanoes eruptions is 3–4 for Azerbaijan and 1–2 for Kerch-Taman region. We estimate the catalogues of mud volcanic eruptions for those areas to be 52 % and 39 % complete, respectively. Mud volcanoes eruptions are quite frequent. In both regions, over 50 % of all recorded eruptions occur within ten years of the latest eruption. Analysis of mud volcanic eruptions catalogues shows that the volume of breccia ejected during an eruption is practically not related to how long the mud volcano was quiescent. Analysis of potential impact of seismicity on mud volcanic activity shows that the probability of mud volcanoes responding to an earthquake is 6 % and 10 % for Azerbaijan and Kerch-Taman region, respectively.
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Conde, V., D. Nilsson, B. Galle, R. Cartagena, and A. Muñoz. "A rapid deployment instrument network for temporarily monitoring volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> emissions – a case study from Telica volcano." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 3, no. 2 (August 26, 2014): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-3-127-2014.
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Abstract. Volcanic gas emissions play a crucial role in describing geophysical processes; hence, measurements of magmatic gases such as SO2 can be used as tracers prior to and during volcanic crises. Different measurement techniques based on optical spectroscopy have provided valuable information when assessing volcanic crises. This paper describes the design and implementation of a network of spectroscopic instruments based on differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) for remote sensing of volcanic SO2 emissions, which is robust, portable and can be deployed in relatively short time. The setup allows the processing of raw data in situ even in remote areas with limited accessibility, and delivers pre-processed data to end users in near real time, even during periods of volcanic crisis, via a satellite link. In addition, the hardware can be used to conduct short-term studies of volcanic plumes in remote areas. We describe here tests of the network at Telica, an active volcano located in western Nicaragua, during three different measurement periods, including an eruptive crisis. The tests produced what is so far the largest data set of continuous SO2 flux measurements at this volcano. The measurements show that, during the period 2010–2013, the flux averages approximately 100 tons per day (t day−1).
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Phuc, La The, Hiroshi Tachihara, Tsutomu Honda, Luong Thi Tuat, Bui Van Thom, Nguyen Hoang, Yuriko Chikano, et al. "Geological values of lava caves in Krongno Volcano Geopark, Dak Nong, Vietnam." VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 40, no. 4 (September 18, 2018): 299–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/40/4/13101.
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The paper presents the initial results of the study of volcanic cave system and its typical formations in Krongno Volcano Geopark (KVG), Dak Nong, Vietnam. The volcanic caves have been discovered since 2007, under UNESCO sponsored the scientific project, are seen as unique geological heritages. The collaborative surveys and studies between Vietnamese geologists and the members of the Non-Profit Organization, Vulcanospeleological Society of Japan have discovered and surveyed 45 caves, and detailed mapping 20 caves. Using a complex of adequate methods, especially Remote Sensing image interpretation method, Surveying and mapping lava cave method, K/Ar dating isotopic analytical method and Current methodology, the studies aim to affirm endogenous origin of the lava cave system, the formation mechanism, as well as the typical formations of the caves. Up to date, the lava caves and interior formation in lava caves in KVG have been examined and evaluated in term of geological nature and recognized as pillar geological heritages of the Geopark.References Allred K., AllredC., 1997. Development and morphology of Kazumura Cave, Hawaii. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 59(2), 67-80.Allred K., Allred C., 1997. Tubular lava stalactites and other related segregations. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 60(3), 131-140.Barnabás Korbély, 2014. Diverse volcanic features as dominant landscape elements and pillars of geotourism in the Bakony-Balaton Geopark, Hungary. Abstract Book Workshop “Geoparks in volcanic areas: sustainable development strategies”, October 29th to November 1st, 2014. Terceira and Graciosa Islands, Azores Global Geopark, 35-38.Bird Deanne K., et al., 2014. Southern Iceland: Volcanoes, Tourism and Volcanic Risk Reduction.In Volcanic Tourist Destinations. Springer, Editors: Erfurt-Cooper, Patricia (Ed.). ISBN: 978-3-642-16190-2, 35-46. Cooper Malcolm J.M., 2014. Volcanic National Parks in Japan.In Volcanic Tourist Destinations. Springer, Editors: Erfurt-Cooper, Patricia (Ed.). ISBN: 978-3-642-16190-2, 231-246.Dave Bunnell, 2014. The virtual lava cave Created: August 4, 2000.Last update: December 16, 2014. Reviewed by Kevin & Carlene Allred. Available at:<http://www.goodearthgraphics.com/virtual_tube/virtube.html). Date accessed: 02 May 2018.Gadányi P., 2010. Formation, types and morphology of basalt lava caves. PhD. thesises. University of Pécs Faculty of Natural Sciences Doctoral School of Earth Sciences, Hungary, 1-19.Gaki-Papanastassiou, Kalliopi, et al., 2014. Volcano Tourism in Greece: Two Case Studies of Volcanic Islands.In Volcanic Tourist Destinations. Springer, Editors: Erfurt-Cooper, Patricia (Ed.). ISBN: 978-3-642-16190-2, 69-87.Honda T., Tachihara H., 2015. Vietnam Volcanic Cave Survey. e-NEWSLETTER, UIS Commission on Volcanic caves, 69, 11-12. Honda T., Tinsley J.C., 2016. Classification of lava tubes from Hydrodynamic models for active lava tube, filled lava tube and drained lava tube. 17th International Vulcanospeleology symposium in Hawaii, USA. Sponsored by the Commission on volcanic caves of the International Union of Speleology.Larson C.V., 1991. Nomenclatures of lava tube features. 6th International Symposium on Vulcanospeleology in Hawaii. Published by the National Speleological Society, 231-248.Laumanns M., 2013. Important Lava Tube Caves found in Dong Nai Province Southern Vietnam. e-NEWSLETTER, UIS Commission on Volcanic caves, 67, 13. Machado M., Lima E., 2014. Geotourism and sustainable development partnerships in the Azores Geopark. Abstract Book Workshop “Geoparks in volcanic areas: sustainable development strategies”, October 29th to November 1st. Terceira and Graciosa Islands, Azores Global Geopark, 45-48.Moreira Jasmine Cardozo, et al., 2014.Tourism and Volcanism in the Canary Islands, Spain. In Volcanic Tourist Destinations.Springer, Editors: Erfurt-Cooper, Patricia (Ed.). ISBN: 978-3-642-16190-2, 47-55.Nelson S.A., 2017. Volcanoes and Volcanic Eruptions.EENS 1110. Physical Geology.Tulane University. New Orleans, USA.Nguyen Duc Thang (Ed.), 1989. Geology and Mineral Resources of Ben Khe - Dong Nai sheet at scale 1:200,000. General Department of Geology and Minerals of Vietnam. Hanoi. Nunes, João Caros., 2014. The Azores Archipelago: Islands of Geodiversity.In Volcanic Tourist Destinations. Springer, Editors: Erfurt-Cooper, Patricia (Ed.). ISBN: 978-3-642-16190-2, 57-67.Nunes João Caros., 2014. Azores Geopark volcanoes and volcanic landforms. Valuating the Azorean geodiversity and geosites through the geotourism. Abstract Book Workshop “Geoparks in volcanic areas: sustainable development strategies”, October 29th to November 1st. Terceira and Graciosa Islands, Azores Global Geopark, 41-43.Ogawa T., 1993. On lava caves in Japan and vicinity.Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Vulcanospeleology, 56- 73.Patricia Erfurt-Cooper, 2014. Volcanic Geo-heritage.Sustainable Tourism Development in Volcanic Regions: Geoparks, National Parks and World Heritage Sites. Abstract Book Workshop “Geoparks in volcanic areas: sustainable development strategies”, October 29th to November 1st. Terceira and Graciosa Islands, Azores Global Geopark, 23-25.Peterson D.W., Holcomb R.T., Tilling R.I., Christiansen R.L., 1994. Development of lava tubes in the light of observations at Mauna Ulu, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56, 343-360.
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Palumbo, A. "Lunar tidal triggering in volcanic areas." Lettere Al Nuovo Cimento Series 2 44, no. 8 (December 1985): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02746762.
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Muraviev, A. Ya, and Ya D. Muraviev. "Fluctuations of glaciers of the Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes in the 20th –21st centuries." Ice and Snow 56, no. 4 (December 21, 2016): 480–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2016-4-480-492.
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Changes in sizes of the Klyuchevskaya volcanic group's glaciers had been estimated for the period from 1949–1950 to 2010–2015 using results of analysis of current satellite imagery, data of field observations and historic records. Changes in front positions for some glaciers were analyzed for different periods of time. According to results of comparison between our data and similar ones from the Glacier Inventory the glacier areas decreased by 0.7%. Calculations made with corrected data demonstrated the total increase of the glaciation area by 4.3%. Glaciation of the Klyuchevskoy volcano is characterized by dynamic instability and significant changeability. The Erman glacier, the largest one in this region, did constantly advance since 1945. In 1949‑2015, its area at the front increased by 4.96±0.39 km2, while the front advanced along the valley of the Sukhaya River by approximately 3675±15 m and by 3480±20 m along the valley of the Krutenkaya River. A number of «wandering glaciers» located on the North‑Eastern and Eastern slopes of the volcano, on the contrary, significantly reduced their areas. At the same time, formation of new flows of ice is noticed within the «ice belt». Under the influence of active volcanic processes, the configuration of glacier boundaries on the slopes of Klyuchevskoy volcano does actively change in not only the tongue areas but also in the accumulation areas. Changes in dynamics of the glaciation areas of the Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes don’t correspond to the present‑day climate changes. The interaction of modern volcanism and glaciation in the area as a whole is conducive to the preservation and development of glaciers, despite the deterioration of climatic conditions of their existence.
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Barberi, F., M. Coltelli, G. Ferrara, F. Innocenti, J. M. Navarro, and R. Santacroce. "Plio-Quaternary volcanism in Ecuador." Geological Magazine 125, no. 1 (January 1988): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800009328.
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AbstractExtensive sampling, major element chemistry on over 300 samples and K-Ar radiometric dating have been carried out on the Ecuadorian Upper Tertiary–Quaternary volcanoes. The results show important space–time variations of the volcanic activity, between Late Miocene time and the present. In Late Miocene time a continuous volcanic belt, located approximately along the present volcanic front (VF), affected the whole country from the Cuenca basin to the south, up to Colombia to the north. Major changes occurred at about 5 Ma: volcanic activity stopped south of the Guayaquil fault belt and never resumed; to the north the active volcanic axis shifted eastward to the Cordillera Real (CR) area with a simultaneous relative decrease in intensity. Since Early Quaternary time the volcanic belt widened westward to the Western Cordillera where the volcanism resumed at about 1.5–1.0 Ma, giving rise to the very wide active volcanic zone of Ecuador.The Plio-Quaternary products show significant longitudinal and latitudinal chemical and mineralogical changes. Volcanics of the VF and Interandean Depression contain amphibole and define a calc-alkaline trend with a K2O content lower than that of the CR products, which are characterized by a mostly anhydrous phenocryst assemblage. In both areas andesites dominate, but extreme compositions (basaltic andesites and rhyolites) are more diffuse in the CR than the VF. No significant transverse zoning has been detected in the northern region (north of the Chota-Mira transverse tectonic line). The observed temporal and spatial variations are interpreted as a result of the subduction of the Carnegie Ridge anomalous oceanic crust, underthrusting of which began approximately 6 Ma ago.
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Kyriakopoulos, G. K. "NATURAL DEGASSING OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND HYDROGEN SULPHIDE AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AT MILOS ISLAND, GREECE." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 5 (July 31, 2017): 2361. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11636.
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The Aegean region represents an active convergent zone, where continental micro-plates exhibit a complex interaction between the African and the Eurasian plates. The calc-alkaline volcanic activity of the Southern Aegean region developed in various volcanic centers from Soussaki to Nisyros through Methana-Poros, Milos and Santorini. Milos Island has been an active volcano till the middle of Quaternary and is at present characterized by a high enthalpy geothermal system. The volcanism started 3.5 Ma ago and still continues up today in the form of post-volcanic manifestations. Most quiescent volcanoes released large amounts of CO2 and H2S through fumarolic activity and soil diffuse degassing. Numerous small fumaroles occur in various places, mainly at Kalamos and Adamas volcanic areas. Also along the southern coast of the island there are volcanic gas manifestations in the sea. Gases were sampled from fumaroles at Kalamos area as well as from north east part of Adamas village. Furthermore many soil gases were sampled at 50 cm depth and analyzed for their chemical composition. Apart from atmospheric gases (N2 and O2), which sometimes contaminate the samples, the main gas phase is CO2. Sometimes also H2S, CH4 and H2 are present in high amounts while CO and He are always present in trace amounts. The He isotopic composition highlights a significant mantle component. CO2 and H2S concentrations higher than in the normal atmosphere can be stimulating for plant growth until certain levels and detrimental above them. As for many active geothermal areas of the world also H2S and CO2 concentrations measured in the area of Milos could be of concern for human health.
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Verkhoturov, Alexey A. "ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN THE STATE OF ECOSYSTEMS ON ATLASOVA ISLAND (KURIL ISLANDS)." Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 25, no. 3 (2020): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2020-25-3-139-150.
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The territory of the Kuril Islands is a chain of volcanic structures and is subject, to certain extent, to volcanic hazards. Atlasova Island is composed of products of the Alaid volcano, which is characterized by effusive and explosive activity. The article analyzes the changes in ecosystems on Atlasov island, which are periodically caused by the Alaid volcano eruption. Large amount of pyroclastic material are brought to the surface during explosive eruptions: blocks, bombs, tephra, lapilli and volcanic ash, which is transported in the atmosphere over very long distances. Ecosystems are affected by pyroclastic deposition over a large area of island land. The purpose of this study was to identify the nature and extent of changes in the state of ecosystems affected by volcanic eruptions from multi-zone satellite images of medium resolution. Analysis of data obtained from space systems Landsat and Sentinel for the period 1972 to 2020, in GIS environment allowed us to trace the dynamics and character of the successions to the affected areas on the calculated values of the vegetation index NDVI. Techniques developed in the process of studying this issue can further facili-tate rapid assessment of impacts on ecosystems at the effusive-explosive eruptions and forecast volcanic hazard for surrounding areas.
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Ziska, Heri, Uni Árting, and Morten S. Riishuus. "Interaction between volcanic and non-volcanic systems and its implication for prospectivity in the Faroe–Shetland Basin, NE Atlantic continental margin." Petroleum Geoscience 28, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): petgeo2021–058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2021-058.
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Exploration in the Faroe–Shetland Basin on the Faroese Continental Shelf has revealed thick and complex volcanic successions and discovery of inter-volcanic oil-bearing siliciclastic sandstone fan deposits in the central parts of the basin. The possibility for such play types at the fringe of the North Atlantic Igneous Province requires a better understanding of the interaction between competing sedimentary and volcanic depositional transport systems. We have re-examined volcanic units in cuttings from exploration wells in the greater Judd Sub-basin area for evaluation of facies and geochemical affinity. This allows for chemostratigraphical correlation of wells to the absolute radiometrically age-constrained Faroe Islands Basalt Group. The collective well data were subsequently tied to a regional interpretation of 2D seismic data which facilitated a detailed interpretation of temporal development of the volcanic successions in the Judd Sub-basin area in terms of geometry, volcanic facies, depositional environment, and interdigitation with non-volcanic sedimentary units.The Judd Sub-basin was influenced by major volcanic phases during pre-breakup and syn-breakup. The influence was both direct, in the form of volcanic deposits, and indirect, in the form of obstructing established sedimentary transport systems and creating new provenance areas. The volcanic transport systems reached different areas of the Judd Sub-basin at different times during pre-breakup volcanism. The earliest incursion in the west was during late Mid Paleocene (T-sequence T31/T32). With at least three stratigraphically discrete incursions of volcanic material into the Judd Sub-basin, possibilities arise for sub- and inter-volcanic stratigraphic and structural traps for each incursion.
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Nishio, Fumihiko, Takayoshi Katsushima, and Hirokazu Ohmae. "Volcanic Ash Layers in Bare Ice Areas near the Yamato Mountains, Dronning Maud Land and the Allan Hills, Victoria Land, Antarctica." Annals of Glaciology 7 (1985): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500005875.
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Dirt layers of tephra were found on the bare ice surface in the Meteorite Ice Field near the Yamato Mountains, Dronning Maud Land, and near the Allan Hills, Victoria Land, Antarctica. The grain-size analyses of volcanic ash fragments show that the mean grain size in the Allan Hills region is larger than that in the Yamato Mountains region. This fact indicates that the volcanic sources of the dirt layers in the Yamato Mountains region are farther away than those in the Allan Hills. Their constituent fragments are well-sorted and composed mainly of volcanic glass shards with minor amounts of crystal fragments.Glass shards of the tephra from the Yamato Mountains region have a composition of tholeiitic andesite which is low in alkali and high in iron but not so enriched in titanium, and the associated crystal fragments consist of calcic plagioclase, subcalcic clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and magnetite. The nature of island arc tholeiite of the tephra indicates that its source is some volcano in the South Sandwich Islands.On the other hand, the tephra from the Allan Hills region is composed of glass shards of trachybasaltic composition and crystal fragments of titanaugite calcic plagioclase, kaersutite, olivine, rhönite and titanomagnetite. A young volcano of the McMurdo volcanic group is suggested as a possible source of this tephra.
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Alonso, Mar, Eleazar Padrón, Hirochika Sumino, Pedro A. Hernández, Gladys V. Melián, María Asensio-Ramos, Fátima Rodríguez, et al. "Heat and Helium-3 Fluxes from Teide Volcano, Canary Islands, Spain." Geofluids 2019 (June 23, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3983864.
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During July 2016, the first integrated heat flow, CO2, and 3He emission survey was conducted across 0.5 km2 of the summit cone and crater of Teide volcano, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. The thermal energy released from Teide summit cone by diffuse degassing was 2.2 MW, and the heat flux calculated through Dawson’s method was 8.1 MW, difference due to the comparison of purely convective areas as the crater with diffusive areas as the flanks of the volcano. Diffuse CO2 output was 211±20 t d-1, and 3He emission was estimated to be within a range between 0.35 and 0.89 mol y-1. The obtained values of diffuse degassing and heat fluxes are close to others obtained for similar volcanic areas. The calculation of 3He/heat ratio for the first time in this volcanic system supports the presence of an important mantle source for the degassing of Teide volcano.
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Puspito, Edi, Sumardjo Sumardjo, Titik Sumarti, and Pudji Muljono. "Perilaku Komunikasi Perempuan dan Laki-Laki di Wilayah Rawan Bencana Gunung Api." MIMBAR, Jurnal Sosial dan Pembangunan 30, no. 1 (July 2, 2014): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v30i1.455.
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Residents who live in volcanic regions, both men and women, have the risk of volcanic catastrophe. By obtain the latest information and understand the volcano disaster can reduce the risk. Communication media with various advantages become an important means to access disaster information. The purpose of this study was to analyze men and women skills in the volcano disaster-prone areas in utilizing communication media and perceptions of resources. This research is a quantitative study by observation techniques.Conclusions of This study is the skill level of residents in the volcano disaster-prone areas are categorized as the low category, there is no difference in the frequency of radio, TV, and the Internet usage by citizens of both men and women, but differ in the use of HP and HT
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Fujii, Toshitsutgu, and Kazuhiro Ishihara. "Special Issue on Volcanic Disasters." Journal of Disaster Research 3, no. 4 (August 1, 2008): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2008.p0251.
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The volcanic disasters are quite variable depending on the nature of the volcanic eruptions, the degrees of land-use surrounding the volcanic areas and preparedness against the eruptions. In order to mitigate the volcanic disasters, therefore, multidisciplinary approach is required. The International Volcanic Conference, ``Cities on Volcanoes 5," held in Shimabara Japan on the November 19-23, 2007 encouraged a wide range of people who are engaged in the volcanic disaster mitigation to gather to discuss topics related to volcanic eruptions and their hazards. The aim of this conference was to evaluate and improve mitigation measures, emergency management, and all required to successfully confront volcanic crises in densely populated area and to recover from any devastation. As the main topics discussed during the conference is quite adequate for the aim of this journal, this special issue tried to include papers read at the conference as many as possible. For the mitigation of the volcanic disasters, several different approaches should be included. Volcano monitoring through observation is the basis for most eruption forecasts and other measures for volcanic disaster mitigation. Impacts on human health and sustainability in volcanic areas in the fields of air and water pollution are also important issues to be included in the management of volcanic hazards. The practical lessons learned through the case histories of actual events should be shared to prepare for and respond to volcano crises that may affect communities. Hiroaki Takahashi proposes a method to estimate the real-time eruption magnitude that might be utilized to judge the duration of eruption in the early stage of eruption. Yoshikazu Kikawada et al. summarize arsenic pollution of rivers originated from the Kusatsu volcanic region. Tsuneomi Kagiyama and Yuichi Morita discuss the strategy to understand the preparing process of caldera forming eruption as a first step to assess the risk of gigantic eruption. Hiroshi Ikeya describes the prevention works executed by the central and local governments during and after the Mt. Unzen 1990-1995 eruption. Harry J. R. Keys summarizes the aspects of risk assessment and mitigation for a dome-break lahar that was predicted in 1995 and actually occurred on 18 March 2007 at Ruapehu volcano. Yoichi Nakamura et al. describe the mitigation systems on volcanic disasters in Japan emphasizing the importance of preparing hazard maps. We know the topics covered by this special issue do not represent the wide-ranging aspect of the conference, but include some significant portion. We hope that this special issue will be utilized to share the lessons learned through the practical trial to mitigate the actual disasters during the volcanic crisis.
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Nishio, Fumihiko, Takayoshi Katsushima, and Hirokazu Ohmae. "Volcanic Ash Layers in Bare Ice Areas near the Yamato Mountains, Dronning Maud Land and the Allan Hills, Victoria Land, Antarctica." Annals of Glaciology 7 (1985): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500005875.
Full textAbstract:
Dirt layers of tephra were found on the bare ice surface in the Meteorite Ice Field near the Yamato Mountains, Dronning Maud Land, and near the Allan Hills, Victoria Land, Antarctica. The grain-size analyses of volcanic ash fragments show that the mean grain size in the Allan Hills region is larger than that in the Yamato Mountains region. This fact indicates that the volcanic sources of the dirt layers in the Yamato Mountains region are farther away than those in the Allan Hills. Their constituent fragments are well-sorted and composed mainly of volcanic glass shards with minor amounts of crystal fragments. Glass shards of the tephra from the Yamato Mountains region have a composition of tholeiitic andesite which is low in alkali and high in iron but not so enriched in titanium, and the associated crystal fragments consist of calcic plagioclase, subcalcic clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and magnetite. The nature of island arc tholeiite of the tephra indicates that its source is some volcano in the South Sandwich Islands. On the other hand, the tephra from the Allan Hills region is composed of glass shards of trachybasaltic composition and crystal fragments of titanaugite calcic plagioclase, kaersutite, olivine, rhönite and titanomagnetite. A young volcano of the McMurdo volcanic group is suggested as a possible source of this tephra.
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Sun, Jongsun, Jae-kwang Ahn, Haseong Lee, Eui-Hong Hwang, and Duk Kee Lee. "Analysis of Japanese Volcanic Ash Dispersion on the Korean Peninsula using Satellite Imagery." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 20, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2020.20.3.269.
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A volcanic eruption is a kind of global natural disaster that can occur suddenly and cause great damage to humankind. During the eruption, the magma causes fatal damage to life and property in areas near the volcano, and nearby countries are affected by the spread of volcanic ash, causing secondary damage due to air and soil pollution. Near the Korean peninsula, there exists an active volcano that can spread volcanic ash over long distances by erupting above Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) 4. Volcanoes in Japan have been known to cause considerable volcanic ash damage on the Korean Peninsula during eruption. Accordingly, the Korea Meteorological Administration is developing technology to predict and monitor volcanic ash spread using satellite images. However, despite the fact that empirical models for volcanic ash diffusion range prediction are used during volcanic eruptions, continuous improvement is needed for accurate information prediction. In this study, satellite images were analyzed not for the predicted distance of volcanic ash clouds, but for the actual distance of volcanic ash dispersion in cases where the volcanic ashes dispersed in the direction of the Korean peninsula. Of the 3,880 volcanoes that erupted in Japan over the last four years, 111 cases were identified where the height and spread distance of the volcanic ash that erupted toward the Korean Peninsula can be confirmed. In addition, the actual volcanic eruption cases and modeling results were analyzed to determine the extent of volcanic ash spread, and a hypothetical scenario was tested to quantify the direct damage of the volcanic ash. From the analysis of the volcanic ash spread through the virtual simulations, it was found that the height of the volcanic ash, the direction of the wind, and wind speed during volcanic eruption were important factors.
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Shoidonov, Ch, and S. V. Rasskazov. "Underwater volcanic eruptions at the beginning of formation Lakes Baikal and Khubsugul." Geology and Environment 2, no. 1 (2022): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2541-9641.2022.1.122.
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Terrestrial volcanism was widely distributed in the Tunka Valley of the Baikal Rift Zone. Underwater eruptions were characteristic only of the areas of connection of the eastern and western ends of the valley, respectively, with basins of lakes Baikal and Khubsugul. The Kultuk volcano erupted in underwater conditions in the early Miocene, about 18 Ma and the Hulugaisha and Gorkhonka ones – in the middle of the Miocene, about 15–14 Ma. Underwater volcanic eruptions, along with the accumulation of fine-grained sediments show existence in the early and middle Miocene of water reserviors that could belong to lakes Baikal and Khubsugul that were formed at that time.
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Patrizia Santi, Timmy Gambin, and Alberto Renzulli. "The millstone trade from the most exploited Italian volcanic areas: an overview from the phoenicians to the roman period." Annals of Geophysics 64, no. 5 (December 13, 2021): VO551. http://dx.doi.org/10.4401/ag-8647.
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Lavas were widely used in antiquity to produce millstones. This is mainly due to their superior properties for grinding cereals and availability when compared with other rock-types. In the past four decades, several studies have been published about lava millstones discovered in subaerial and submarine archaeological sites of the Central-Western Mediterranean. Although the morphological evidence of old quarries is rarely present, all these studies were aimed at recognizing provenance and manufacturing areas of the volcanic raw material. Typologies of grinding tools coexisted in different periods, even if some technological developments marked transitions between cultures. The main chronology is: Archaic saddle quern, Greek hopper-rubber (Olynthian), small to medium size rotary device (Morgantina type) and large hourglass rotary millstone (Pompeian style). Potential volcanic sources are widespread throughout the entire Mediterranean region, but two main Italian quarrying areas of volcanic rocks for the manufacture of millstones from the Phoenician to the Roman period were pointed out. These are the Latium-Umbria border in Central Italy, and Sicily (Eastern Sicily and Sicilian Channel) in Southern Italy. In detail, analysis of the lava lithotypes shows that grinding tools were mainly constructed of: (i) a leucite phonolite of the so called “Orvieto quarries” between the localities of Sugano and Buonviaggio in the Roman Volcanic Province (High-K alkaline series); (ii) hawaiites and mugearites (Na-alkaline series) from Etna volcano; (iii) basalts (Tholeiitic/Transitional series) of the Hyblaean Mountains and (iv) basalts (Na-alkaline series) from Pantelleria Island (Sicilian Channel). Although some lava millstones from other volcanic regions are recorded, the above four Italian volcanic rock types represent the most exploited in antiquity. A comparison between volcanic millstones and outcropping lavas already exists, from literature data, through thin section modal mineralogy and conventional igneous petrology (i.e., TAS classification, magmatic affinities, and major-trace elements signature). Therefore, on this basis we propose a set of discriminating geochemical parameters (major-trace elements and element ratios diagrams) useful for a quick assessment tool to possibly evaluate one of these four exploited volcanic areas of Italy matching millstones. A sketch of volcanic millstone trade networks and commercial routes in antiquity throughout the Central-Western Mediterranean has been also reported and overviewed on the basis of the literature data.
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Volker, Frank, and Stefanie Menges. "Field Trip A (23 September 2018): geology and geomorphology of Giessen and its surrounding areas." DEUQUA Special Publications 1 (August 20, 2018): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/deuquasp-1-3-2018.
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Abstract. This field trip is intended to present an introduction to the geological and geomorphological evolution of Giessen and its surrounding areas (Fig. 1). The conference location of Giessen is located at the intersection of three major geological and morphological units: the Rheinisches Schiefergebirge (Rhenish Massif) to the west, the Hessische Senke (Hessian Depression) to the north and south and the Vogelsberg volcanic field to the east (Fig. 2). The rocks of the Rheinisches Schiefergebirge (Rhenish Massif) were formed during Paleozoic times, in the context of the Variscan orogeny. Dominant rock types include graywacke, slate, quartzite, and limestone, as well as mafic and felsic volcanics and their related pyroclastics. The area north and south of Giessen is dominated by the Hessische Senke (Hessian Depression), a north–south-trending subsidence area with several individual deposit segments. Due to Cenozoic tectonic activity, the Hessian Depression can be regarded as a connecting segment between the prominent Upper Rhine Graben and the smaller graben structures of northern Germany, and this is also documented by less consolidated Tertiary and Quaternary sediments. Long-lasting subsidence of the Hessian Depression, however, is indicated by the presence of Permian and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks. Rotliegend rocks are present towards the southwest rim of the Vogelsberg volcanic field and the Hanau-Seligenstädter Senke. Minor occurrences of Zechstein rocks are exposed along the Lahn valley between Giessen and Marburg. Mesozoic strata are dominated by Buntsandstein and are widespread in the Marburg area, with Muschelkalk and Keuper rocks being restricted to small erosional remnants in tectonic graben structures. The area to the east of Giessen is dominated by the Miocene Vogelsberg volcanic field, where an estimated area of 2500 km2 is covered by volcanic rocks of varying thickness, the Vogelsberg thus being the largest volcanic field of central Europe. The field trip provides an introduction to the geology, earth history and geomorphological characteristics of Giessen and its surrounding areas. We will therefore encounter rocks that formed in distinct geodynamic environments and within a timespan of roughly 400 Ma (Devonian to present).
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Fiantis, Dian, Frisa Ginting, Gusnidar, M. Nelson, and Budiman Minasny. "Volcanic Ash, Insecurity for the People but Securing Fertile Soil for the Future." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (May 31, 2019): 3072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113072.
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Volcanic eruptions affect land and humans globally. When a volcano erupts, tons of volcanic ash materials are ejected to the atmosphere and deposited on land. The hazard posed by volcanic ash is not limited to the area in proximity to the volcano, but can also affect a vast area. Ashes ejected from volcano’s affect people’s daily life and disrupts agricultural activities and damages crops. However, the positive outcome of this natural event is that it secures fertile soil for the future. This paper examines volcanic ash (tephra) from a soil security view-point, mainly its capability. This paper reviews the positive aspects of volcanic ash, which has a high capability to supply nutrients to plant, and can also sequester a large amount of carbon out of the atmosphere. We report some studies around the world, which evaluated soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation since volcanic eruptions. The mechanisms of SOC protection in volcanic ash soil include organo-metallic complexes, chemical protection, and physical protection. Two case studies of volcanic ash from Mt. Talang and Sinabung in Sumatra, Indonesia showed the rapid accumulation of SOC through lichens and vascular plants. Volcanic ash plays an important role in the global carbon cycle and ensures soil security in volcanic regions of the world in terms of boosting its capability. However, there is also a human dimension, which does not go well with volcanic ash. Volcanic ash can severely destroy agricultural areas and farmers’ livelihoods. Connectivity and codification needs to ensure farming in the area to take into account of risk and build appropriate adaptation and resilient strategy.
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Fonseca, J. F. B. D., B. V. E. Faria, J. Trindade, G. Cruz, A. Chambel, F. M. Silva, R. L. Pereira, and T. Vazão. ""Last mile" challenges to in situ volcanic data transmission." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, no. 4 (August 9, 2013): 4037–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-4037-2013.
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Abstract. Scientists play a key role in volcanic risk mitigation, but rely heavily on fast access to data acquired in the vicinity of an active volcano. Hazardous volcanoes are often located in remote areas were telecommunications infrastructure is fragile. Besides being exposed directly to the volcanic hazard, the infrastructure in such remote areas can suffer also from "last mile" limitations derived from lack of market demand for data transmission services. In this paper, we report on the findings of FP7 MIAVITA project in the topic of volcanic data transmission. We draw on the contribution of partners from emergent or developing countries to identify the main bottlenecks and fragilities. We present also the results of an experiment conducted in Fogo island, Cape Verde, to test the availability of VSAT services adequate for volcanic monitoring. We warn against the false sense of security resulting from increasingly ubiquitous connectivity, and point out the lack of reliability of many consumer-type services, particularly during emergencies when such services are likely to crash due to excess of demand from the public. Finally, we propose guidelines and recommend best practices for the design of volcanic monitoring networks in what concerns data transmission. In particular, we advise that the data transmission equipment close to the exposed area should be owned, operated and maintained by the volcanic monitoring institution. We exemplify with the setup of the Fogo telemetric interface, which uses low-power licence-free radio modems to reach a robust point of entry into the public network at a suitable distance from the volcano.
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Fonseca, J. F. B. D., B. V. E. Faria, J. Trindade, G. Cruz, A. Chambel, F. M. Silva, R. L. Pereira, and T. Vazão. ""Last mile" challenges to in situ volcanic data transmission." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 12 (December 23, 2013): 3419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-3419-2013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Scientists play a key role in volcanic risk management, but rely heavily on fast access to data acquired in the vicinity of an active volcano. Hazardous volcanoes are often located in remote areas were telecommunications infrastructure is fragile. Besides being exposed directly to the volcanic hazard, the infrastructure in such remote areas can also suffer from "last mile" limitations derived from lack of market demand for data transmission services. In this paper, we report on the findings of the FP7 MIAVITA project in the topic of volcanic data transmission. We draw on the contribution of partners from emergent or developing countries to identify the main bottlenecks and fragilities. We also present the results of an experiment conducted on Fogo Island, Cape Verde, to test the availability of VSAT services adequate for volcanic monitoring. We warn against the false sense of security resulting from increasingly ubiquitous connectivity, and point out the lack of reliability of many consumer-type services, particularly during emergencies when such services are likely to crash due to excess of demand from the public. Finally, we propose guidelines and recommend best practices for the design of volcanic monitoring networks in what concerns data transmission. In particular, we advise that the data transmission equipment close to the exposed area should be owned, operated and maintained by the volcanic monitoring institution. We exemplify with the set-up of the Fogo telemetric interface, which uses low-power licence-free radio modems to reach a robust point of entry into the public network at a suitable distance from the volcano.
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Rozaki, Zuhud, Nur Rahmawati, Rahayu Relawati, Oki Wijaya, Lestari Rahayu, Triyono, Sofa Nur Azizah, Ali Rahmat, and Jumakir. "Strategies for overcoming farmers’ lives in volcano-prone areas: A case study in Mount Semeru, Indonesia." Open Agriculture 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 486–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0118.
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Abstract Mount Semeru is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia and the highest mountain in Java Island. Although the island is prone to volcanic eruptions, it is densely populated and also home to several farmers. The aim of this study is to analyze the strategies for overcoming farmers’ lives in Mount Semeru. This study involves 150 farmers who were randomly selected from terrains located at altitudes between 6 and 10 km in Mount Semeru. This study shows that farmers benefit significantly from the fertile lands resulting from volcanic eruptions. And they are highly motivated to engage in mitigation activities to reduce the impacts of eruption; therefore, they tend to participate in mitigation education or programs organized by government or private institutions. Support with the information and financial access regarding any mitigation strategies can help farmers a lot. Coordination among stakeholders to support mitigation strategies is necessary because all the parties are equally responsible for alleviating the impacts of volcanic eruptions. Any strategies for overcoming farmers’ lives in volcano areas also can be supported by community resilience.
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Taddeucci, Adriano, Paola Tuccimei, and Mario Voltaggio. "URANIUM SERIES DISEQUILIBRIUM DATING IN VOLCANIC AREAS." Quaternary International 47-48 (March 1998): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1040-6182(97)00084-0.
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Favalli, Massimiliano, Alessandro Fornaciai, and Maria Teresa Pareschi. "LIDAR strip adjustment: Application to volcanic areas." Geomorphology 111, no. 3-4 (October 2009): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.04.010.
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Valadão, P., J. L. Gaspar, G. Queiroz, and T. Ferreira. "Landslides density map of S. Miguel Island, Azores archipelago." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 2, no. 1/2 (June 30, 2002): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2-51-2002.
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Abstract. The Azores archipelago is located in the Atlantic Ocean and is composed of nine volcanic islands. S. Miguel, the largest one, is formed by three active, E-W trending, trachytic central volcanoes with caldera (Sete Cidades, Fogo and Furnas). Chains of basaltic cinder cones link those major volcanic structures. An inactive trachytic central volcano (Povoação) and an old basaltic volcanic complex (Nordeste) comprise the easternmost part of the island. Since the settlement of the island early in the 15th century, several destructive landslides triggered by catastrophic rainfall episodes, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occurred in different areas of S. Miguel. One unique event killed thousands of people in 1522. Houses and bridges were destroyed, roads were cut, communications, water and energy supply systems became frequently disrupted and areas of fertile land were often buried by mud. Based on (1) historical documents, (2) aerial photographs and (3) field observations, landslide sites were plotted on a topographic map, in order to establish a landslide density map for the island. Data obtained showed that landslide hazard is higher on (1) the main central volcanoes where the thickness of unconsolidated pyroclastic deposits is considerable high and (2) the old basaltic volcanic complex, marked by deep gullies developed on thick sequences of lava flows. In these areas, caldera walls, fault scarps, steep valley margins and sea cliffs are potentially hazardous.
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Ríos, Iván. "Analysis of the Impact of the Eruptive Process of the Tungurahua Volcano on the Precipitation Patterns of Hydrographic Microbasins Located Inside and Outside the Zone of Influence." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v6i1.10579.
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The relationship between eruptive processes and precipitation is a topic that lacks research studies, perhaps due to the difficulty that is to have few scenarios, which satisfy conditions for statistical testing. Most of the available literature report a global impact after significant volcanic eruptions. Robock et al. (2008) concluded that the Pinatubo volcano eruption left precipitation consequences in the medium and long term. Kravitz y Robock (2011) suggested considering weather seasons on the estimation of the impact of volcanic eruptions. Allen e Ingram (2002) concluded that volcanic gasses are more important than greenhouse gasses on the climate change at a global level. In the Ambato river watershed (Ecuador), studies were conducted to evaluate the relationship between eruptive processes of the Tungurahua volcano and the variation in precipitation series. During the main eruptive events between 1999 and 2010, atypical precipitation values were determined during April, May, July, August, and December, with increments within 130.09% and 285.15% with respect to precipitation observations in the studied period (Ríos, 2014). The results of the present study demonstrate the relationship between rainfall anomalies and volcanic activity. Three watersheds were analyzed: (1) Ambato river watershed, located to the West of the volcano with direct impact of volcanic ash and SO2; (2) Drenajes Menores of the Pastaza river; and (3) Areas Menores of the Pastaza river. The latter are located to the East of the volcano with no impact from volcanic ash and SO2 due to the direction of wind flow.
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Ludman, Allan, Christopher McFarlane, and Amber T. H. Whittaker. "Age, chemistry, and tectonic setting of Miramichi terrane (Early Paleozoic) volcanic rocks, eastern and east-central Maine, USA." Atlantic Geology 57 (November 11, 2021): 239–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2021.012.
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Volcanic rocks in the Miramichi inlier in Maine occur in two areas separated by the Bottle Lake plutonic complex: the Danforth segment (Stetson Mountain Formation) north of the complex and Greenfield segment to the south (Olamon Stream Formation). Both suites are dominantly pyroclastic, with abundant andesite, dacite, and rhyolite tuffs and subordinate lavas, breccias, and agglomerates. Rare basaltic tuffs and a small area of basaltic tuffs, agglomerates, and lavas are restricted to the Greenfield segment. U–Pb zircon geochronology dates Greenfield segment volcanism at ca. 469 Ma, the Floian–Dapingian boundary between the Lower and Middle Ordovician. Chemical analyses reveal a calc-alkaline suite erupted in a continental volcanic arc, either the Meductic or earliest Balmoral phase of Popelogan arc activity. The Maine Miramichi volcanic rocks are most likely correlative with the Meductic Group volcanic suite in west-central New Brunswick. Orogen-parallel lithologic and chemical variations from New Brunswick to east-central Maine may result from eruptions at different volcanic centers. The bimodal Poplar Mountain volcanic suite at the Maine–New Brunswick border is 10–20 myr younger than the Miramichi volcanic rocks and more likely an early phase of back-arc basin rifting than a late-stage Meductic phase event. Coeval calc-alkaline arc volcanism in the Miramichi, Weeksboro–Lunksoos Lake, and Munsungun Cambrian–Ordovician inliers in Maine is not consistent with tectonic models involving northwestward migration of arc volcanism. This >150 km span cannot be explained by a single east-facing subduction zone, suggesting more than one subduction zone/arc complex in the region.
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Vorobioff, Juan, Norberto Boggio, Marcelo Gutierrez, Federico Checozzi, and Carlos Rinaldi. "Design of drones for monitoring of volcanic areas." Tecnura 24, no. 66 (October 1, 2020): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/22487638.16800.
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Objective: Volcanic eruptions are a serious threat to the environment. In order to assess more accurately the state of a volcanic zone, spatially distributed measurements are required.
Methodology: An electronic nose (eNose), a quadcopter drone with gas, temperature, and humidity sensors was developed. The drone was assembled with 3D printed parts and tested for properties like structural rigidity. The eNose samples gases, manages a sensor array, acquires data, extracts features, and classifies them with suitable classification algorithms.
Results: The eNose drone system provides a versatile technology for autonomous monitoring of diverse environments. A logarithmic calibration curve was observed for the CO sensor.
Conclusions: The implementation of a eNose drone system and its application to the detection and study of gases in volcanic areas would be innovative in Argentina. The system can access remote dangerous areas and is versatile. Different gas sensors like H2S or SO2 can be added.
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Rebetsky, Yu L., and Yu P. Stefanov. "ON THE MECHANISM OF INTERACTION BETWEEN STRONG EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANISM IN SUBDUCTION ZONES." Bulletin of Kamchatka Regional Association «Educational-Scientific Center». Earth Sciences, no. 5(56) (December 26, 2022): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31431/1816-5524-2022-4-56-41-58.
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The relationship between strong earthquakes and powerful volcanism in subduction zones are discussed. It is shown that abnormally strong earthquakes or a group of strong earthquakes and powerful volcanic events or volcanic activation of large areas can be considered as an interconnected geodynamic pair. At high level of horizontal compression, magma-conducting faults are clamped and volcanism in the upper part of the crust is hindered. Mega-earthquakes or a series of strong earthquakes reduce the level of horizontal compression in the crust of the island arc (continent active margin), which creates favorable conditions for the resumption of volcanic activity. For major faults located along the strike of subduction zones, upward movement of magma during volcanic eruptions or intracrustal magmatism leads to an increase in horizontal compression stresses in the surrounding rocks to the pressure level of rising magma. As a result, a horizontal compression stress state is restored in the crust and, thus, the cycle is closed. Once again, a state emerges in which earthquakes are an effective mechanism for reducing stresses.
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Mortensen, J. K. "U–Pb geochronology of the eastern Abitibi Subprovince. Part 1: Chibougamau–Matagami–Joutel region." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e93-002.
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U–Pb zircon, titanite, and baddeleyite ages are reported for 20 volcanic and plutonic rock units in the Chibougamau, Matagami, and Joutel areas of the northern Abitibi belt. Pretectonic magmatism occurred in three main pulses. Volcanic rocks of the Obatagamau Formation in the Chibougamau area were erupted at 2759 Ma. Following a possible hiatus in igneous activity, volcanism, accompanied by the emplacement of layered mafic intrusions, occurred in the Chibougamau, Matagami and Joutel areas in the period of 2730–2722 Ma. In the Chibougamau area, a slightly younger period of plutonism between 2720 and 2712 Ma is thought to be comagmatic with felsic volcanic rocks in the uppermost part of the Roy Group. Syntectonic intrusive rocks in the northern Abitibi belt range in age from 2701 to 2693 Ma. These ages are broadly comparable to ages obtained for syntectonic plutons elsewhere in the Abitibi belt, suggesting that tectonism associated with the Kenoran orogeny occurred at approximately the same time throughout the belt.