Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Volatility'
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Hrbek, Filip. "Metody předvídání volatility." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264689.
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In this masterthesis I have rewied basic approaches to volatility estimating. These approaches are based on classical and Bayesian statistics. I have applied the volatility models for the purpose of volatility forecasting of a different foreign exchange (EURUSD, GBPUSD and CZKEUR) in the different period (from a second period to a day period). I formulate the models EWMA, GARCH, EGARCH, IGARCH, GJRGARCH, jump diffuison with constant volatility and jump diffusion model with stochastic volatility. I also proposed an MCMC algorithm in order to estimate the Bayesian models. All the models we estimated as univariate models. I compared the models according to Mincer Zarnowitz regression. The most successfull model is the jump diffusion model with a stochastic volatility. On the second place they were the GJR- GARCH model and the jump diffusion model with a constant volatility. But the jump diffusion model with a constat volatilit provided much more overvalued results.The rest of the models were even worse. From the rest the IGARCH model is the best but provided undervalued results. All these findings correspond with R squared coefficient.
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Stolbov, Anatoly. "Volatility Smile and Delta Hedging." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206214.
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The thesis describes and applies two parametric option pricing models which partially ease the well-known discrepancy between real world and Black-Scholes model. Stochastic volatility and jumps encompassed by Heston and SVJ models explain implied volatility smile and its heterogeneous term-structure. Both models are calibrated to market data observed for EURUSD currency options on January 23, 2015. While SVJ model provided a better fit for the market, especially for mid-term expiry smile curvature, its estimated risk-neutral parameters were unrealistic comparing with their counterparts under statistical measure. Estimations suggest zero long term price volatility and 2 jumps during the year with average magnitude of 6 \%. Both models failed to match curvature of short time to expiry smile and provided a good fit of term-structure and long-expiry smile. Analysing delta ratios adjusted for non-constant volatility as a possible alternatives the study considered minimum variance delta estimated with Heston model, delta ratio recommended by Nassim Taleb and two deltas adjusted for local volatility assuming sticky moneyness and sticky tree dynamics of implied volatility. On data set of EURUSD options from 1.1.2014 to 30.5.2015, our research did not find any alternative which would be more reliable than common Black-Scholes delta.
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Galiotos, Vassilis. "Stochastic Volatility and the Volatility Smile." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Mathematics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-120151.
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Marklund, Joakim, and Olle Karlsson. "Volatility Derivatives – Variance and Volatility Swaps." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analys och sannolikhetsteori, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-254657.
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Gříšek, Lukáš. "Cena volatility finančních proměnných." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113803.
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This diploma thesis describes problem of change-points in volatility of the time-series and their impact on price of nancial assets. Those change-points are estimated by using statistical methods and tests. Change-point estimation was tested on simulated datas and real world driven datas. Simulation helped to discover signi cant characteristics of change-point test, those data were simulated with using stochastic calculus. Google share prices and prices of call options were chosen to analyse impact of volatility change on those prices. Also implied volatility and its impact to call option price was analysed.
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Rossi, Luca. "Essays on volatility networks and uncertainty." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/565613.
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This thesis empirically investigates different aspects of time-varying volatility. Chapter 1 estimates a large TVP-FAVAR and recovers a dynamic directed network of connections between European stock volatilities. We propose an ad-hoc estimation methodology that is shown to outperform both standard approaches and competing models. Chapter 2 focuses on tracking dynamic connectedness between US sectoral volatilities using Generalized Forecast Error Variance Decompositions with a Bayesian model. As opposed to estimates obtained with rolling windows, we allow parameters to vary in a more flexible way. We show that there exists a stable relationship between the network structure and the volatility regimes in place at a given time. Chapter 3 estimates the unexpected time-varying volatility component of fiscal budgets in Italy. We show that periods of higher unexpected fiscal volatility are likely to be recessionary. Expansionary policies are effective only when not accompanied by increases in uncertainty.Aquesta tesi investiga empíricament diferents aspectes de la volatilitat variable. El Capítol 1 estima un TVP-FAVAR i recupera una xarxa de connexions dinàmiques entre les volatilitats de accions europees. Proposem una metodologia d’estimació ad-hoc que es demostri que supera els enfocaments estàndard i els models competidors. El Capítol 2 es centra en el seguiment de la connectivitat dinàmica entre les volatilitats sectorials dels Estats Units mitjançant descomposicions generalitzadas de variància d’errors de previsió amb un model Bayesià. A diferència de les estimacions obtingudes amb finestres enrotllables, permetem que els paràmetres variïn de manera més flexible. Mostrem que existeix una relació estable entre l’estructura de la xarxa i els règims de volatilitat vigents en un moment determinat. El Capítol 3 estima el component variable inesperat de la volatilitat dels pressupostos fiscals a Itàlia. Mostrem que els períodes de major volatilitat fiscal inesperada probablement són recessius. Les polítiques expansives només són efectives quan no s’acompanyen d’increments d’incertesa.
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Švehla, Pavel. "Analýza volatility akciových indexů na evropských burzách." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-81856.
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This thesis focuses on analysis and comparison of volatility on selected European stock markets. At first paper briefly introduces the reader to the specific features of financial econometrics and the importance of asset returns volatility analysis. Further chapters precisely cover the construction of linear and nonlinear conditional heteroscedasticity models as an appropriate tool for describing the volatility in financial data. The empirical part of the thesis analyze four stock exchange indices from various European regions and seek appropriate models to express volatility behavior in period before the financial crisis in 2008 and also during the crisis phase. Based on selected models, the paper tries to compare the volatility in both periods within the specific stock market index and moreover between different regions. The last section examines asymmetric effects in volatility of stock indices using their graphical representation.
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Wayne, David Hadyn. "Incomplete markets, volatility smiles and volatility trading." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11267.
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Lopes, Rita Isabel Dória Gameiro. "Volatility derivatives and volatility indexes : an overview." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/9048.
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Mestrado em FinançasNas últimas décadas, os derivados financeiros têm-se revestido de grande importância, como se deduz facilmente do facto de o número de transações nos mercados financeiros envolvendo este tipo de instrumentos apresentar grande crescimento. De entre a grande variedade de derivados, destaca-se, para efeitos deste trabalho, uma classe particular, a classe dos derivados sobre volatilidade, que têm sido objeto de estudo na última década, talvez devido ao papel relativamente significativo que vêm assumindo a nível dos principais mercados. Intimamente ligados aos derivados sobre volatilidade estão os índices sobre volatilidade, também aqui objeto de análise. O presente estudo consiste essencialmente na revisão possível, dadas as restrições de espaço, da vasta literatura que já existe sobre o tema, o que se procurará fazer ao longo de todo o texto. Adicionalmente, procurará levar-se a cabo uma pesquisa do impacte da última crise financeira e económica no volume de negócios com derivados sobre volatilidade, para o que se selecionará um particular tipo de produtos. Do levantamento realizado sobre os tópicos em questão, pareceu poder concluir-se que estes não suscitaram antes o interesse de estudiosos portugueses. Nesse sentido, será então este o primeiro contributo, ainda que modesto, para preencher a lacuna.
During the last few decades, financial derivatives became extremely important, a conclusion easily derived from the fact that the number of transactions involving such instruments has greatly increased in financial markets. A specific type of these products consists of the so-called volatility derivatives, which have been quite studied during the last few years and are now of great significance, having experienced a growing role in the world financial markets. Closely related to volatility derivatives are the volatility indexes. This study is based mostly on a review of the literature on the subject of volatility derivatives and volatility indexes, which is presented all over the text. Additionally, an attempt is made to analyze the impact of the current economic and financial crises on volatility derivatives trading, specifically in reference to certain particular futures. To the best knowledge of the author the topic of volatility futures has not been addressed before in the Masters in Finance context; this thesis is, in that sense, a first (very small) contribution to fill the gap.
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Varga, Lukáš. "Effect of Implied Volatility on FX Carry Trade." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113592.
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This thesis aims to back-test the ability of implied volatility carry trade strategies to outperform the carry trade strategies in the FX markets. Recent research has shown that the profitability of the strategies is partly attributable to the market mispricings of the forward volatility agreements and a tendency of the forward implied volatility to overestimate the future spot implied volatility. This thesis uses a similar approach to construct portfolios containing 10 developed as well as 9 emerging market currencies. Our approach is based on the assumption that Uncovered Interest rate Parity (UIP), Forward Unbiasedness Hypothesis (FUH) and Forward Volatility Unbiasedness Hypothesis (FVUH) do not hold and therefore providing investors with several opportunities to construct trading strategies taking advantage of these market mispricings. In this thesis, we show that the foreign exchange carry trade strategy composed of the specific developed and emerging country's currencies can be outperformed by portfolio consisting of the implied volatility carry trade strategies in the FX market over the analysed period. The portfolios are adjusted to the riskiness which is accounted for by the VIX and VXY-G7 index for developed and VIX and VXY-EM index for emerging economies. The strong performance of the strategies outlined in this thesis can be of significant value to FX traders and portfolio managers.
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Ye, Hui. "A Comparison of Local Volatility and Implied Volatility." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analys och tillämpad matematik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-154745.
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Jayaraman, Sudarshan Abarbanell Jeffery. "Earnings volatility, cash flow volatility and informed trading." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1119.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 27, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Kenan-Flagler Business School." Discipline: Business Administration; Department/School: Business School, Kenan-Flagler.
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Du, Toit Cornel. "Non-parametric volatility measurements and volatility forecasting models." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50401.
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Assignment (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Volatilty was originally seen to be constant and deterministic, but it was later realised that return series are non-stationary. Owing to this non-stationarity nature of returns, there were no reliable ex-post volatility measurements. Subsequently, researchers focussed on ex-ante volatility models. It was only then realised that before good volatility models can be created, reliable ex-post volatility measuremetns need to be defined. In this study we examine non-parametric ex-post volatility measurements in order to obtain approximations of the variances of non-stationary return series. A detailed mathematical derivation and discussion of the already developed volatility measurements, in particular the realised volatility- and DST measurements, are given In theory, the higher the sample frequency of returns is, the more accurate the measurements are. These volatility measurements referred to above, however, all have short-comings in that the realised volatility fails if the sample frequency becomes to high owing to microstructure effects. On the other hand, the DST measurement cannot handle changing instantaneous volatility. In this study we introduce a new volatility measurement, termed microstructure realised volatility, that overcomes these shortcomings. This measurement, as with realised volatility, is based on quadratic variation theory, but the underlying return model is more realistic.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Volatiliteit is oorspronklik as konstant en deterministies beskou, dit was eers later dat besef is dat opbrengste nie-stasionêr is. Betroubare volatiliteits metings was nie beskikbaar nie weens die nie-stasionêre aard van opbrengste. Daarom het navorsers gefokus op vooruitskattingvolatiliteits modelle. Dit was eers op hierdie stadium dat navorsers besef het dat die definieering van betroubare volatiliteit metings 'n voorvereiste is vir die skepping van goeie vooruitskattings modelle. Nie-parametriese volatiliteit metings word in hierdie studie ondersoek om sodoende benaderings van die variansies van die nie-stasionêre opbrengste reeks te beraam. 'n Gedetaileerde wiskundige afleiding en bespreking van bestaande volatiliteits metings, spesifiek gerealiseerde volatiliteit en DST- metings, word gegee. In teorie salopbrengste wat meer dikwels waargeneem word tot beter akkuraatheid lei. Bogenoemde volatilitieits metings het egter tekortkominge aangesien gerealiseerde volatiliteit faal wanneer dit te hoog raak, weens mikrostruktuur effekte. Aan die ander kant kan die DST meting nie veranderlike oombliklike volatilitiet hanteer nie. Ons stel in hierdie studie 'n nuwe volatilitieits meting bekend, naamlik mikro-struktuur gerealiseerde volatiliteit, wat nie hierdie tekortkominge het nie. Net soos met gerealiseerde volatiliteit sal hierdie meting gebaseer wees op kwadratiese variasie teorie, maar die onderliggende opbrengste model is meer realisties.
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Cap, Thi Diu. "Implied volatility with HJM–type Stochastic Volatility model." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54938.
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In this thesis, we propose a new and simple approach of extending the single-factor Heston stochastic volatility model to a more flexible one in solving option pricing problems. In this approach, the volatility process for the underlying asset dynamics depends on the time to maturity of the option. As this idea is inspired by the Heath-Jarrow-Morton framework which models the evolution of the full dynamics of forward rate curves for various maturities, we name this approach as the HJM-type stochastic volatility (HJM-SV) model. We conduct an empirical analysis by calibrating this model to real-market option data for underlying assets including an equity (ABB stock) and a market index (EURO STOXX 50), for two separated time spans from Jan 2017 to Dec 2017 (before the COVID-19 pandemic) and from Nov 2019 to Nov 2020 (after the start of COVID-19 pandemic). We investigate the optimal way of dividing the set of option maturities into three classes, namely, the short-maturity, middle-maturity, and long-maturity classes. We calibrate our HJM-SV model to the data in the following way, for each class a single-factor Heston stochastic volatility model is calibrated to the corresponding market data. We address the question that how well the new HJM-SV model captures the feature of implied volatility surface given by the market data.
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Jacquier, Antoine. "Implied volatility asymptotics under affine stochastic volatility models." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/6142.
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This thesis is concerned with the calibration of affine stochastic volatility models with jumps. This class of models encompasses most models used in practice and captures some of the common features of market data such as jumps and heavy tail distributions of returns. Two questions arise when one wants to calibrate such a model: (a) How to check its theoretical consistency with the relevant market characteristics? (b) How to calibrate it rigorously to market data, in particular to the so-called implied volatility, which is a normalised measure of option prices? These two questions form the backbone of this thesis, since they led to the following idea: instead of calibrating a model using a computer-intensive global optimisation algorithm, it should be more efficient to use a less robust—hence faster—algorithm, but with an accurate starting point. Henceforth deriving closed-form approximation formulae for the implied-volatility should provide a way to obtain such accurate initial points, thus ensuring a faster calibration. In this thesis we propose such a calibration approach based on the time-asymptotics of affine stochastic volatility models with jumps. Mathematically since this class of models is defined via its Laplace transform, the tools we naturally use are large deviations theory as well as complex saddle-point methods. Large deviations enable us to obtain the limiting behaviour (in small or large time) of the implied volatility, and saddle-point methods are needed to obtain more accurate results on the speed of convergence. We also provide numerical evidence in order to highlight the accuracy of the closed-form approximations thus obtained, and compare them to standard pricing methods based on real calibrated data.
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Minkah, Richard. "Forecasting volatility." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Mathematics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-121079.
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Andersson, Kristina. "Stochastic Volatility." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Mathematics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-121722.
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Nicolay, David. "Volatility dynamics." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/60/01/06/PDF/VolatilityDynamics_DNicolay_PrePrint.pdf.
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We establish asymptotic links between two classes of stochastic volatility models describing the same derivative market : - a generic stochastic instantaneous volatility (SInsV) model, whose SDE system is a formal Wiener chaos without any specified state variable. - a sliding stochastic implied volatility (SImpV) class, another market model describing explicitly the joint dynamics of the underlying and of the associated European option surface. Each of these connections is achieved by layer, between a group of SInsV coefficients and set of (static and dynamic) SImpV differentials. The asymptotic approach leads to these cross-differentials being taken at the zero-expiry, At-The-Money point. We progress from a simple single-underlying and bi-dimensional setup, first to a multi-dimensional configuration, and then to a term-structure framework. We expose the structural modelling constraints and the asymmetry between the direct problem (from SInsV to SImpV) and the inverse one. We show that this Asymptotic Chaos Expansion (ACE) methodology is a powerful tool for model design and analysis. Focusing on local volatility models and their extensions, we compare ACE with the literature and exhibit a systematic bias in Gatheral's heuristics. In the multi-dimensional context we focus on stochastic-weights baskets, for which ACE provides intuitive results underlining the embedded induction. In the interest rates environment, we derive the first layer of smile descriptors for caplets, swaptions and bond options, within both a SV-HJM and a SV-LMM framework. Also, we prove that ACE can be automated for generic models, at any order, without formal calculus. The interest this algorithm is demonstrated by computing manually the 2nd and 3rd layers, in a generic bi-dimensional SInsV model. We present the applicative potential of ACE for calibration, pricing, hedging or relative value purposes, illustrated with numerical tests on the CEV-SABR modelNous établissons les liens asymptotique entre deux catégories de modèles à volatilité stochastique décrivant le même marché dérivé: - un modèle générique à volatilité stochastique instantanée (SInsV) , dont le système d'EDS est un chaos de Wiener formel, spécifié sans aucune variable d'état. - une classe à volatilité implicite stochastique glissante (SImpV), qui est un autre modèle de marché, décrivant explicitement la dynamique conjointe du sous-jacent et de la surface d'options Européennes associées. Chacune de ces connexions est atteinte couche par couche, entre un groupe de coefficients SInsV et un ensemble de differentielles SImpV (statiques et dynamiques). L'approche asymptotique conduit à ce que ces différentielles croisees soient prises à l'expiration zéro, au point ATM. Nous progressons d'une configuration simple, bi-dimensionnelle à sous-jacent unique, d'abord vers une configuration multi-dimensionnelle, puis vers un cadre à structure par terme. Nous exposons les contraintes structurelles de modélisation et l'asymétrie entre le problème direct (de SInsV vers SImpV) et inverse. Nous montrons que cette expansion asymptotique en chaos (ACE) est un outil puissant pour la conception et l'analyse de modèles. En se concentrant sur des modèles à volatilité locale et leurs extensions, nous comparons ACE avec la littérature et exhibons un biais systématique dans l'heuristique de Gatheral. Dans le contexte multi-dimensionnel, nous nous concentrons sur des paniers à poids stochastiques, pour lesquels ACE fournit des résultats intuitifs soulignant la recurrence naturelle. Dans l'environnement des taux d'intérêt, nous etablissons la première couche de descripteurs du smile pour les caplets, les swaptions et les options sur obligations, à la fois dans un cadre SV-HJM et un cadre SV-LMM. En outre, nous montrons que ACE peut être automatisé pour des modèles génériques, à n'importe quel ordre, sans calcul formel. L'intérêt de cet algorithme est démontré par le calcul manuel des 2eme et 3eme couches, dans un modèle générique SInsV bi-dimensionnel. Nous présentons le potentiel applicatif d'ACE pour la calibration, l'evaluation, la couverture ou à des fins d'arbitrage, illustré par des tests numériques sur le modèle CEV-SABR
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Blanc, Pierre. "Effets de rétroaction en finance : applications à l'exécution optimaleet aux modèles de volatilité." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1110/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous considérons deux types d'application des effets de rétroaction en finance. Ces effets entrent en jeu quand des participants de marché exécutent des séquences de transactions ou prennent part à des réactions en chaîne, ce qui engendre des pics d'activité. La première partie présente un modèle d'exécution optimale dynamique en présence d'un flux stochastique et exogène d'ordres de marché. Nous partons du modèle de référence d'Obizheva et Wang, qui définit un cadre d'exécution optimale avec un impact de prix mixte. Nous y ajoutons un flux d'ordres modélisé à l'aide de processus de Hawkes, qui sont des processus à sauts présentant une propriété d'auto-excitation. A l'aide de la théorie du contrôle stochastique, nous déterminons la stratégie optimale de manière analytique. Puis nous déterminons les conditions d'existence de Stratégies de Manipulation de Prix, telles qu'introduites par Huberman et Stanzl. Ces stratégies peuvent être exclues si l'auto-excitation du flux d'ordres se compense exactement avec la résilience du prix. Dans un deuxième temps, nous proposons une méthode de calibration du modèle, que nous appliquons sur des données financières à haute fréquence issues de cours d'actions du CAC40. Sur ces données, nous trouvons que le modèle explique une partie non-négligeable de la variance des prix. Une évaluation de la stratégie optimale en backtest montre que celle-ci est profitable en moyenne, mais que des coûts de transaction réalistes suffisent à empêcher les manipulations de prix. Ensuite, dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous nous intéressons à la modélisation de la volatilité intra-journalière. Dans la littérature, la plupart des modèles de volatilité rétroactive se concentrent sur l'échelle de temps journalière, c'est-à-dire aux variations de prix d'un jour sur l'autre. L'objectif est ici d'étendre ce type d'approche à des échelles de temps plus courtes. Nous présentons d'abord un modèle de type ARCH ayant la particularité de prendre en compte séparément les contributions des rendements passés intra-journaliers et nocturnes. Une méthode de calibration de ce modèle est étudiée, ainsi qu'une interprétation qualitative des résultats sur des rendements d'actions américaines et européennes. Dans le chapitre suivant, nous réduisons encore l'échelle de temps considérée. Nous étudions un modèle de volatilité à haute fréquence, dont l'idée est de généraliser le cadre des processus Hawkes pour mieux reproduire certaines caractéristiques empiriques des marchés. Notamment, en introduisant des effets de rétroaction quadratiques inspirés du modèle à temps discret QARCH nous obtenons une distribution en loi puissance pour la volatilité ainsi que de l'asymétrie temporelleIn this thesis we study feedback effects in finance and we focus on two of their applications. These effects stem from the fact that traders split meta-orders sequentially, and also from feedback loops. Therefore, one can observe clusters of activity and periods of relative calm. The first part introduces an dynamic optimal execution framework with an exogenous stochastic flow of market orders. Our starting point is the well-known model of Obizheva and Wang which defines an execution framework with both permanent and transient price impacts. We modify the price model by adding an order flow based on Hawkes processes, which are self-exciting jump processes. The theory of stochastic control allows us to derive the optimal strategy as a closed formula. Also, we discuss the existence of Price Manipulations Strategies in the sense of Huberman and Stanzl which can be excluded from the model if the self-exciting property of the order flow exactly compensates the resilience of the price. The next chapter studies a calibration protocol for the model, which we apply to tick-by-tick data from CAC40 stocks. On this dataset, the model is found to explain a significant part of the variance of prices. We then evaluate the optimal strategy with a series of backtests, which show that it is profitable on average, although realistic transaction costs can prevent manipulation strategies. In the second part of the thesis, we turn to intra-day volatility modeling. Previous works from the volatility feedback literature mainly focus on the daily time scale, i.e. on close-to-close returns. Our goal is to use a similar approach on shorter time scales. We first present an ARCH-type model which accounts for the contributions of past intra-day and overnight returns separately. A calibration method for the model is considered, that we use on US and European stocks, and we provide some qualitative insights on the results. The last chapter of the thesis is dedicated to a high-frequency volatility model. We introduce a continuous-time analogue of the QARCH framework, which is also a generalization of Hawkes processes. This new model reproduces several important stylized facts, in particular it generates a time-asymmetric and fat-tailed volatility process
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Guo, Zhi Jun Mathematics & Statistics Faculty of Science UNSW. "Small time asymptotics of implied volatility under local volatility models." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Mathematics & Statistics, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43746.
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Under a class of one dimensional local volatility models, this thesis establishes closed form small time asymptotic formulae for the gradient of the implied volatility, whether or not the options are at the money, and for the at the money Hessian of the implied volatility. Along the way it also partially verifies the statement by Berestycki, Busca and Florent (2004) that the implied volatility admits higher order Taylor series expansions in time near expiry. Both as a prelude to the presentation of these main results and as a highlight of the importance of the no arbitrage condition, this thesis shows in its beginning a Cox-Ingersoll-Ross type stock model where an equivalent martingale measure does not always exist.
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Le, Truc. "Stochastic volatility models." Monash University, School of Mathematical Sciences, 2005. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5181.
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Lewis, Ty. "Hedging of Volatility." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analys och sannolikhetsteori, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-224881.
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Carr, Justin P. "Modeling Volatility Derivatives." Digital WPI, 2011. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1117.
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"The VIX was introduced in 1993 by the CBOE and has been commonly referred to as the fear gauge due to decreases in market sentiment leading market participants to purchase protection from declining asset prices. As market sentiment improves, declines in the VIX are generally observed. In reality the VIX measures the markets expectations about future volatility with asset prices either rising or falling in value. With the VIX gaining popularity in the marketplace a proliferation of derivative products has emerged allowing investors to trade volatility. In observance of the behavior of the VIX we attempt to model the derivative VXX as a mean reverting process via the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck stochastic differential equation. We extend this analysis by calibrating VIX options with observed market prices in order to extract the market density function. Using these parameters as the diffusion process in our Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model we derive futures prices on the VIX which serves to value our target derivative VXX."
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Chen, Guoqiang. "Fuel volatility modeling." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12282.
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Mitoulis, Nicolas. "Break-Even Volatility." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30980.
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A profit or loss (P&L) of a dynamically hedged option depends on the implied volatility used to price the option and implement the hedges. Break-even volatility is a method of solving for the volatility which yields no profit or loss based on replicating the hedging procedure of an option on a historical share price time series. This dissertation investigates the traditional break-even volatility method on simulated data, how the break-even formula is derived and details the implementation with reference to MATLAB. We extend the methodology to the Heston model by changing the reference model in the hedging process. Resultantly, the need to employ characteristic function pricing methods arises to calculate the Heston model sensitivities. The break-even volatility solution is then found by means of an optimisation of the continuously delta hedged P&L over the Heston model parameters.
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Königkrämer, Sören. "Realised volatility estimators." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8526.
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Includes bibliographical references.This dissertation is an investigation into realised volatility (RV) estimators. Here, RV is defined as the sum-of-squared-returns (SSR) and is a proxy for integrated volatility (IV), which is unobservable. The study focuses on a subset of the universe of RV estimators. We examine three categories of estimators: historical, high-frequency (HF) and implied. The need to estimate RV is predominantly in the hedging of options and is not concerned with speculation or forecasting. The main research questions are; (1) what is the best RV estimator in a historical study of S&P 500 data? (2) What is the best RV estimator in a Monte Carlo simulation when delta hedging synthetic options? (3) Do our findings support the stylized fact of `Asymmetry in time scales' (Cont, 2001)? In the answering of these questions, further avenues of investigation are explored. Firstly, the VIX is used as the implied volatility. Secondly, the Monte Carlo simulation generates stock price paths with random components in the stock price and the volatility at each time point. The distribution of the input volatility is varied. The question of asymmetry in time scales is addressed by varying the term and frequency of historical data. The results of the historical and Monte Carlo simulation are compared. The SSR and two of the HF estimators perform best in both cases. Accuracy of estimators using long term data is shown to perform very poorly.
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Chu, Thi Thao Nguyen <1995>. "Volatility index analysis." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/19463.
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Hanzal, Martin. "Implikovaná volatilita a vyšší momenty rizikově neutrálního rozdělení jako předstihové indikátory realizované volatility." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-358955.
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Implied volatility obtained from market option prices is widely regarded as an efficient predictor of future realised volatility. Implied volatility can be thought of as market's expectation of future realised volatility. We distinguish between volatility-changing events with respect to expectations - scheduled events (such as information releases) and unscheduled events. We propose a method of testing the information content of option-implied risk-neutral moments prior to volatility-changing events. Using the method introduced by Bakshi, Kapadia & Madan (2003) we extract implied volatility, skewness and kurtosis from S&P 500 options market prices and apply the proposed method in four case studies. Two are concerned with scheduled events - United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016 and United States presidential election, 2016, two are concerned with unscheduled events - flash crash of August 24, 2015 and flash crash of October 15, 2014. Implied volatility indicates a rise in future realised volatility prior to both scheduled events. We find a significant rise in implied kurtosis during the last three days prior to the presidential election of 2016. Prior to unscheduled events, we find no evidence of implied moments indicating a rise in future realised volatility.
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Aljaid, Mohammad, and Mohammed Diaa Zakaria. "Implied Volatility and Historical Volatility : An Empirical Evidence About The Content of Information And Forecasting Power." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172756.
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This study examines whether the implied volatility index can provide further information in forecasting volatility than historical volatility using GARCHfamily models. For this purpose, this researchhas been conducted to forecast volatility in two main markets the United States of America through its wildly used Standard and Poor’s 500 index and its correspondingvolatility index VIX and in Europe through its Euro Stoxx 50 and its correspondingvolatility index VSTOXX. To evaluate the in-sample content of information, the conditional variance equations of GARCH(1,1) and EGARCH (1,1) are supplemented by integrating implied volatility as an explanatory variable. The realized volatility has been generated from daily squared returns and was employed as a proxy for true volatility. To examine the out-of-sample forecast performance, one-day-ahead rolling forecasts have been generated, and Mincer–Zarnowitz regression and encompassing regression has been utilized. The predictive power of implied volatility has been assessed based on Mean Square Error (MSE). Findings suggest that the integration of implied volatility as an exogenous variable in the conditional variance of GARCHmodels enhancesthe fitness of modelsand decreasesvolatility persistency. Furthermore, the significance of the implied volatility coefficient suggests that implied volatility includes pertinent information in illuminating the variation of the conditional variance. Implied volatility is found to be a biased forecast of realized volatility. Empirical findings of encompassingregression testsimply that the implied volatility index does not surpass historical volatility in terms of forecasting future realized volatility.
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Zeytun, Serkan. "Stochastic Volatility, A New Approach For Vasicek Model With Stochastic Volatility." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12606561/index.pdf.
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In the original Vasicek model interest rates are calculated
assuming that volatility remains constant over the period of
analysis. In this study, we constructed a stochastic volatility
model for interest rates. In our model we assumed not only that interest rate process but also the volatility process for interest rates follows the mean-reverting Vasicek model. We derived the density function for the stochastic element of the interest rate process and reduced this density function to a series form. The parameters of our model were estimated by using the method of moments. Finally, we tested the performance of our model using the data of interest rates in Turkey.
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Ahy, Nathaniel, and Mikael Sierra. "Implied Volatility Surface Approximation under a Two-Factor Stochastic Volatility Model." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-40039.
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Due to recent research disproving old claims in financial mathematics such as constant volatility in option prices, new approaches have been incurred to analyze the implied volatility, namely stochastic volatility models. The use of stochastic volatility in option pricing is a relatively new and unexplored field of research with a lot of unknowns, where new answers are of great interest to anyone practicing valuation of derivative instruments such as options. With both single and two-factor stochastic volatility models containing various correlation structures with respect to the asset price and differing mean-reversions of variance the question arises as to how these values change their more observable counterpart: the implied volatility. Using the semi-analytical formula derived by Chiarella and Ziveyi, we compute European call option prices. Then, through the Black–Scholes formula, we solve for the implied volatility by applying the bisection method. The implied volatilities obtained are then approximated using various models of regression where the models’ coefficients are determined through the Moore–Penrose pseudo-inverse to produce implied volatility surfaces for each selected pair of correlations and mean-reversion rates. Through these methods we discover that for different mean-reversions and correlations the overall implied volatility varies significantly and the relationship between the strike price, time to maturity, implied volatility are transformed.
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Nasir, Samia. "Volatility- An investigation of the relationship between price- and yield volatility." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-51054.
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This report investigates the relationship between the yield volatility and the price volatility in the Swedish market. The method given in our report can be used to analyze any market with appropriate data set. We have used a time-series data of interest rate yield curves from Swedish government bonds. The curves are bootstrapped from the bills and bonds. The linear interpolation on these curves results in the nodes i.e. 1Y, 2Y,..., 10Y. We also need prices for instruments. A good choice is to use the synthetic government bonds namely SE GVB 2Y, SE GVB 5Y, and SE GVB 10Y. They are issued every day with maturity 2, 5, and 10 years. We also use the time-series of these bonds. These bonds have a yearly coupon of 6%. We can get zero-coupon values of these bonds by stripping their coupons using the interest rate yield curves. We have time-series data of zero-coupon prices with maturities 2, 5, and 10 years and time-series data of interest rates with the same tenors. We can use our data to calculate their respective volatilities to investigate how they are related to each other.
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Nilsson, Oscar, and Okumu Emmanuel Latim. "Does Implied Volatility Predict Realized Volatility? : An Examination of Market Expectations." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-218792.
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The informational content of implied volatility and its prediction power is evaluated for time horizons of one month. The study covers the period of November 2007 to November 2013 for the two indices S&P500 and OMXS30. The findings are put in relation to the corresponding results for past realized volatility. We find results supporting that implied volatility is an efficient, although biased estimator of realized volatility. Our results support the common notion that implied volatility predicts realized volatility better than past realized volatility, and that it also subsumes most of the informational content of past realized volatility.
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Brodd, Tobias. "Modeling the Relation Between Implied and Realized Volatility." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-273609.
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Options are an important part in today's financial market. It's therefore of high importance to be able to understand when options are overvalued and undervalued to get a lead on the market. To determine this, the relation between the volatility of the underlying asset, called realized volatility, and the market's expected volatility, called implied volatility, can be analyzed. In this thesis five models were investigated for modeling the relation between implied and realized volatility. The five models consisted of one Ornstein–Uhlenbeck model, two autoregressive models and two artificial neural networks. To analyze the performance of the models, different accuracy measures were calculated for out-of-sample forecasts. Signals from the models were also calculated and used in a simulated options trading environment to get a better understanding of how well they perform in trading applications. The results suggest that artificial neural networks are able to model the relation more accurately compared to more traditional time series models. It was also shown that a trading strategy based on forecasting the relation was able to generate significant profits. Furthermore, it was shown that profits could be increased by combining a forecasting model with a signal classification model.Optioner är en viktig del i dagens finansiella marknad. Det är därför viktigt att kunna förstå när optioner är över- och undervärderade för att vara i framkant av marknaden. För att bestämma detta kan relationen mellan den underliggande tillgångens volatilitet, kallad realiserad volatilitet, och marknadens förväntade volatilitet, kallad implicit volatilitet, analyseras. I den här avhandlingen undersöktes fem modeller för att modellera relationen mellan implicit och realiserad volatilitet. De fem modellerna var en Ornstein–Uhlenbeck modell, två autoregressiva modeller samt två artificiella neurala nätverk. För att analysera modellernas prestanda undersöktes olika nogrannhetsmått för prognoser från modellerna. Signaler från modellerna beräknades även och användes i en simulerad optionshandelsmiljö för att få en bättre förståelse för hur väl de presterar i en handelstillämpning. Resultaten tyder på att artificiella neurala nätverk kan modellera relationen bättre än mer traditionella tidsseriemodellerna. Det visades även att en handelsstrategi baserad på prognoser av relationen kunde generera en signifikant vinst. Det visades dessutom att vinster kunde ökas genom att kombinera en prognosmodell med en modell som klassificerar signaler.
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Samiev, Sarvar. "GARCH (1,1) with exogenous covariate for EUR/SEK exchange rate volatility : On the Effects of Global Volatility Shock on Volatility." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-83722.
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Belchior, Diogo Francisco Ferreira. "Implied volatility as a forecast for future volatility : evidence from european market." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10866.
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Mestrado em FinançasO objetivo principal deste estudo é o de testar se a Volatilidade Implicita em instrumentos financeiros, nomeadamente Opções financeiras, é um estimador preciso da Volatilidade Futura. Os dados usados dizem respeito ao Índice Euro Stoxx 50, mais concretamente cotações de fecho e Volatilidade Implicita em opções ATM com um mês até à maturidade, o que permite conduzir uma análise ao mercado Europeu. A amostra selecionada cobre o periodo de Janeiro de 2002 a Abril de 2012. Os testes realizados permitiram-nos concluir que a Volatilidade Implicita pode ser considerada um estimador centrado e eficiente para a Volatilidade Futura e ainda, que contém mais capacidade explicativa quando comparada com a Volatilidade Histórica, o que pode ser uma indicação de Eficiência de Mercado.
The main purpose of this master thesis is test whether implied volatility is an accurate estimator for future volatility. We collect data regarding to the Euro Stoxx 50 index, namely closing index prices and implied volatility from one-month ATM options, in order to conduct an analysis of the European Market. The Sample selected covers the period from January 2002 to April 2012. The tests conducted allow us to conclude that implied volatility can be considered an unbiased and efficient estimator for future volatility and also that has more predictive ability than historical volatility, which is an indication of market efficiency.
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Štěrba, Filip. "Ocenění opcí na index PX se stochastickou volatilitou a časově závislou očekávanou bezrizikovou úrokovou sazbou." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2004. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76955.
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The main purpose of this thesis is to propose the valuation method of PX index options. PX index consists of blue chip stocks traded on Prague Stock Exchange. There are traded a few futures contracts on PX index on Prague Stock Exchange. However, the options on PX index are traded neither on Prague Stock Exchange nor on the OTC market. It is reasonable to think that it is only question of time when the trading of these options will emerge and thus, it is highly relevant subject of research to propose the method for valuation of these options. The traditional Merton's approach for valuation of equity index options assumes constant volatility and constant risk free rate. This results in serious mispricing which can be easily seen when we compare market prices and Merton formula derived prices. Instead, this thesis releases the assumptions of constant risk free rate and constant volatility. Firstly, it is assumed that that the risk free rate is time dependent function based on current market expectations and secondly it is assumed that the volatility of underlying asset follows NGARCH-mean process. For the purpose of former, the validity of pure expectation theory assumption is made. This enables to employ the instantaneous forward rate curve estimation procedure. For the purpose of the latter, the locally risk-neutral valuation relationship is applied. The assumption of NGARCH-mean process is essential in an effort to capture usually observed patterns of volatility (volatility skews) whereas the assumption of time dependent risk free rate still moves the valuation option model closer to the reality. The author derives the expected path of risk free rate and estimates the parameters of NGARCH process. Subsequently, the empirical martingale Monte Carlo simulation is used to price the PX options with different moneyness and with different times to maturity. It is shown that this proposed model results in volatility pattern which is usually observed on developed markets and the author's results are in line with similar empirical studies testing the GARCH Option Pricing Theory. The author concludes that proposed valuation method superiors original Merton's model and thus is more appropriate for primary valuation of PX options.
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Páral, Jiří. "Bitcoins - využití virtuální měny v současné ekonomice DS." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206974.
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The main goal of this diploma thesis is to explore the area of virtual currency Bitcoin and assess the use of this currency in today's economy. Thesis first mentions the cryptocurrency market, the technology and other altcoins. It further analyzes the cryptocurrency Bitcoin in detail, its foundation, history and mining. The text also explores the volatility of this currency in the recent years, the question of regulation by states and technological threats to the network. In the final chapter diploma thesis examines the possibilities for individuals to obtain this currency and the use of Bitcoin by enterprises.
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Fässler, Lukas. "Volatility Smiles bei Aktienoptionen." St. Gallen, 2008. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02600955002/$FILE/02600955002.pdf.
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Xin, Mao. "The VIX Volatility Index." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analys och tillämpad matematik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-153705.
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Magnusson, Erik. "Implied Volatility Surface Construction." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-145894.
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Implied volatility surfaces are central tools used for pricing options. This thesis treats the topic of their construction. The main purpose is to uncover the most appropriate methodology for constructing implied volatility surfaces from discrete data and evaluate how well it performs. First some methods and techniques in use for such surface constructing are presented. Then the most attractive approach, chosen to contain 4 interesting models is studied. The models’ performances are tested on two price grids from the EURO STOXX 50 and Nikkei 225 indices. The found implied volatility surfaces give good and decent fits to the data, respectively. The surfaces are evaluated in terms of presence of static arbitrage and are found to have it, although mostly for strike price and time to maturity combinations which are somewhat abnormal and rarely traded. Arbitrage is found to be more prevalent in surfaces when the input data is of lower quality. The volatility surfaces’ shapes and absolute values are compared in between models but also within models for some of the best-fit producing parameter sets. The surfaces are found to differ in both cases for some strike and maturity combinations - sometimes with relative differences of more than 10%. This suggests that surfaces with good fits to the input data still can produce distinctly differing prices for some options. Calibrating the models with the chosen approach involves calculations with complex numbers in ways which potentially introduce problematic discontinuities due to branch crossings. This is investigated numerically as well as theoretically for the 4 models and found to be a significant problem in one of them. The three other models are found to avoid these problems under all valid parameter sets.
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Peters, Remco Theodoor. "Financial time and volatility." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2004. http://dare.uva.nl/document/73847.
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Mazzotta, Stefano. "Three essays on volatility." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85189.
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This dissertation is in the form of one survey paper and three essays on the topic of volatility. The unifying feature that permeates the entire thesis is the focus on the measurement and use of conditional second moment of equities and currencies as a measure of risk for asset pricing and policy purposes in the context of international markets.The survey examines selected papers from the international finance literature and from the volatility literature with a focus on the theoretical and empirical relationship between first and second unconditional and conditional moments of domestic and international asset returns. It then specifically proposes several areas for investigation related to international finance topics. The first essay investigates the importance of asymmetric volatility when computing the risk premium of international assets. The results indicate that conditional second moment asymmetry is significant and time-varying. They also show that, if the price of risk is time-varying, the world market and foreign exchange risk premia estimated without allowing for time-varying asymmetry are less consistent with the data. Furthermore, they imply that asymmetry is more pronounced when the business condition is such that investors require higher compensation to bear risk.
In the second essay we start from the consideration that financial decision makers often consider the information in currency option valuations when making assessments about future exchange rates. The purpose of this essay is then to systematically assess the quality of option based volatility, interval and density forecasts. We use a unique dataset consisting of over 10 years of daily data on over-the-counter currency option prices. We find that the implied volatilities explain a large share of the variation in realized volatility. Finally, we find that wide-range interval and density forecasts are often misspecified whereas narrow-range interval forecasts are well specified.
In the third essay we examine whether the information contained in various measures of correlation among exchange rates can be used to assess future currency co-movement. We compare option-implied correlation forecasts from a dataset consisting of over 10 years of daily data on over-the-counter currency option prices to a set of return-based correlation measures and assess the relative quality of the correlation forecasts. We find that while the predictive power of implied correlation is not always superior to that of returns based correlations measures, it tends to provide the most consistent results across currencies. Predictions that use both implied and returns-based correlations generate the highest adjusted R2's, explaining up to 42 per cent of the realized correlations.
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Kambouroudis, Dimos S. "Essays on volatility forecasting." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3191.
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Stock market volatility has been an important subject in the finance literature for which now an enormous body of research exists. Volatility modelling and forecasting have been in the epicentre of this line of research and although more than a few models have been proposed and key parameters on improving volatility forecasts have been considered, finance research has still to reach a consensus on this topic. This thesis enters the ongoing debate by carrying out empirical investigations by comparing models from the current pool of models as well as exploring and proposing the use of further key parameters in improving the accuracy of volatility modelling and forecasting. The importance of accurately forecasting volatility is paramount for the functioning of the economy and everyone involved in finance activities. For governments, the banking system, institutional and individual investors, researchers and academics, knowledge, understanding and the ability to forecast and proxy volatility accurately is a determining factor for making sound economic decisions. Four are the main contributions of this thesis. First, the findings of a volatility forecasting model comparison reveal that the GARCH genre of models are superior compared to the more ‘simple' models and models preferred by practitioners. Second, with the use of backward recursion forecasts we identify the appropriate in-sample length for producing accurate volatility forecasts, a parameter considered for the first time in the finance literature. Third, further model comparisons are conducted within a Value-at-Risk setting between the RiskMetrics model preferred by practitioners, and the more complex GARCH type models, arriving to the conclusion that GARCH type models are dominant. Finally, two further parameters, the Volatility Index (VIX) and Trading Volume, are considered and their contribution is assessed in the modelling and forecasting process of a selection of GARCH type models. We discover that although accuracy is improved upon, GARCH type forecasts are still superior.
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ALMEIDA, DIOGO RIBEIRO. "DOES GOVERNANCE REDUCE VOLATILITY?" PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10569@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOEsta dissertação examina os impactos das boas práticas de governança corporativa na volatilidade dos retornos das ações dentro e fora de momentos de crise. Dados de freqüência diária foram utilizados para estimar modelos Autoregressivos Generalizados de Heterocedasticidade Condicional (GARCH) para quarenta e nove papéis negociados na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (BOVESPA). As evidências indicam um efeito negativo na maioria das séries analisadas. Para algumas ações, a redução da volatilidade é ainda maior em períodos de choques negativos. Foi encontrado, ainda, o resultado de que o risco mitigado é o idiossincrático e, desta forma, governança incentiva a manutenção da concentração de propriedade.
This dissertation examines impacts of good practices of corporate governance on the volatility of returns in and out crisis periods. Daily data are used to estimate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic (GARCH) models for forty nine stocks traded on the São Paulo Stock Exchange (BOVESPA. It is found evidence of a negative impact on the majority of the analyzed series. For some stocks, the reduction of the volatility is even greater in crisis periods. It was also found that the risk mitigated is the idiosyncratic one and, thus, governance incentives the maintenance of ownership concentration.
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Wang, Bingsong. "Essays on unemployment volatility." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.698960.
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This thesis analyses different approaches to address the unemployment volatility puzzle. In the first two chapters, we develop two types of search frictions model with efficiency wages. The models can match observed fluctuations in unemployment and job vacancies in the U.S economy. Moreover, the models also capture labour market dynamics well. In the third chapter, we analyse two proposed solutions to the unemployment volatility puzzle: sticky wages and a small `hiring surplus'. We investigate a widely used calibration strategy in the literature and argue that it is a key factor in generating large unemployment volatility. In the fourth chapter, we reassess the following arguments on the unemployment volatility puzzle: strategic wage bargaining; large fluctuations in discount rates in the financial market; and endogenous job separations caused by idiosyncratic productivity shocks.
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Raddatz, Claudio E. "Essays on macroeconomic volatility." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17574.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-150).
This thesis consists of three empirical essays on different aspects of macroeconomic volatility. The first essay provides evidence of a causal and economically important relation between financial development and macroeconomic volatility by looking at the effect of financial development in the volatility of sectors with different liquidity needs. The results show that sectors with high liquidity needs are relatively more volatile in financially underdeveloped countries. These sectoral effects of financial underdevelopment can significantly increase macroeconomic volatility, despite the fact that financial underdevelopment also induces countries to move away from sectors with high liquidity needs. The second essay explores the causes of the decline in U.S. manufacturing volatility during the last two decades. The essay presents and estimates a model that decomposes the changes in the volatilities of manufacturing sectors among the effects of output composition, aggregate shocks, sectoral shocks, and sectoral linkages. The results show that changes in the volatility of aggregate shocks and their impact across sectors account for the most of the decline in U.S. manufacturing volatility. A smaller role is played by changes in the volatility of sectoral shocks and in the intensity of sectoral linkages. The third essay analyzes both the sectoral effects of monetary policy and the role that monetary policy plays in the transmission of sectoral shocks. Our methodology is applied to the case of the U.S., finding considerable differences in the response of different sectors to monetary policy. The results also show that monetary policy is an important source of sectoral transfers: a shock to Equipment-and-Software Investment, naturally identified with the high-tech crises, induces a monetary policy response that generates a temporary boom in Residential Investment and Consumption of Durables, but which has almost no effect on the high-tech sector.
by Claudio Enrique Raddatz Kiefer.
Ph.D.
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Banerjee, Shesadri. "Essays on inflation volatility." Thesis, Durham University, 2013. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7344/.
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Inflation volatility is one of the key constituents of inflation dynamics and has not received much attention in the literature. The study of inflation volatility is important because it has adverse economic consequences. This thesis aims to study the determinants of inflation volatility for advanced and developing countries. At the outset, I explore the empirical regularities of inflation volatility based on monthly and quarterly CPI inflation data (1968 to 2011) using time and frequency domain analysis. I establish a stylised fact that inflation is significantly more volatile in developing countries than advanced countries. This raises a research question why it is so. Using a New Keynesian paradigm, an answer to this research question is sought from two angles. First, a policy rule for interest rate (known as Taylor rule) is estimated over a balanced panel of advanced and developing countries to examine the difference in policy activism between these two groups of countries. This follows from the New Keynesian argument that an active monetary policy is a necessary condition for stable dynamics of inflation. Using the Generalized Method of Moments and the Arellano and Bover (1995) method of dynamic panel estimation, I find that monetary policy is active in advanced countries but passive in developing economies. This striking difference in the policy regimes between these two groups can be one of the reasons for the difference in inflation volatility. Second, motivated by the asymmetry in consumption basket of CPI between advanced and developing economies, a two-sector New Keynesian model with food and non-food is developed. The model features: i) composite consumption and labour index, ii) differential Calvo-type price adjustment of firms across sectors, and iii) Taylor type monetary policy rule. Characterising the distinct structures of advanced and developing economies by two different parameterizations, the model calibration shows that demand disturbance generated by the preference shock is one of the fundamental forces for inflation volatility. In addition, my simulation analysis demonstrates that other structural parameters such as the frequency of price adjustment, distribution of labour and the elasticity of labour substitution, and the policy parameter of inflation in the Taylor rule are also critical factors explaining the greater volatility of inflation in developing economies.
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Law, Siong Hook. "Finance, growth and volatility." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30147.
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This dissertation makes three different contributions to the literature on financial development. Firstly, it examines the role of institutions in the relationship between finance and growth, using data from 72 countries during 1978 - 2001. The relationship between finance, institutions and growth is further analysed at four different stages of economic development. Secondly, it investigates empirically the hypothesis recently purposed by Rajan and Zingales (2003) that openness to trade and financial flows is one of the key determinants of financial development, using data from 43 developing countries during 1980 - 2000. Third, the dissertation examines the impact of financial market liberalisation on stock market volatility in the five East Asian emerging economies during pre- and post-financial liberalisation eras.;The empirical results indicate that both financial development and institutional quality have a positive significant impact on economic growth. Financial development has larger effects on growth when the financial system is embedded within a sound institutional framework. Both variables have the strongest positive impact on economic growth primarily in the upper middle-income economies. In the high-income and lower middle-income economies, financial development has a positive but smaller effect on growth compared to the upper middle-income economies, whereas institutions have a much more powerful impact on growth in the low-income economies.;With respect to the determinants of financial development, the empirical findings suggest that the combination of open product and capital markets promote greater financial development, even after controlling for real GDP per capita, real interest rate and institutional quality. This finding supports the Rajan and Zingales (2003) hypothesis -when the country's borders are open to both capital flows and trades, then it will deliver benefit to financial markets. The findings relate to all the indicators of financial development employed (both banking and capital market) and are robust to alternative measures of capital flows and trade openness, as well as estimation method and sample period.;Finally, the empirical evidence presented in this study suggests that stock market volatility has declined after financial liberalisation in the sample of East Asia emerging markets, but not in the case of Thailand. The endogenous structural break dates of stock market volatility, which are identified correspond closely to dates of official financial liberalisation reforms in these markets. The stock market volatility of these markets, however, becomes much higher during the 1997-98 East Asian financial crisis period.
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Di, Jing. "Macroeconomic volatility and growth." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14571/.
Full textAbstract:
This PhD thesis mainly consists of 3 papers that generally focus on the link between macroeconomic volatilities and trade flows and growth, as well as behavior of prices. Chapter 1 gives the introduction. Chapter 2, the first paper, investigates the effect of real exchange rate volatility on sectoral trade flows between the United States and her top thirteen trading partners. :My investigation also considers those effects on trade flows that may arise through changes in income volatility, and the interaction between income and exchange rate volatilities. My results show that exchange rate uncertainty has little effect on sectoral trade flows, and income volatility has no significant effect on sectoral trade flows. The interaction term of exchange rate volatility with income volatility takes the opposite sign to that of exchange rate volatility, reversing the impact of exchange rate volatility on trade flows. Chapter 3 presents my second paper. This chapter investigates the effects of inflation uncertainty on the level of sectoral output growth rate and its cross-sectional dispersion by observing a panel of Japanese manufacturing sectors. Using an augmented profit model with a signal-extraction framework, I demonstrate that increasing inflation volatility will reduce the level of sectoral output growth rate, as well as narrowing its cross-sectional dispersion of output growth. Chapter 4 investigates the relationship between product specific inflation (PS-inflation) and relative price variability (RPV) in one of the top three ecoThis PhD thesis mainly consists of 3 papers that generally focus on the link between macroeconomic volatilities and trade flows and growth, as well as behavior of prices. Chapter 1 gives the introduction. Chapter 2, the first paper, investigates the effect of real exchange rate volatility on sectoral trade flows between the United States and her top thirteen trading partners. :My investigation also considers those effects on trade flows that may arise through changes in income volatility, and the interaction between income and exchange rate volatilities. My results show that exchange rate uncertainty has little effect on sectoral trade flows, and income volatility has no significant effect on sectoral trade flows. The interaction term of exchange rate volatility with income volatility takes the opposite sign to that of exchange rate volatility, reversing the impact of exchange rate volatility on trade flows. Chapter 3 presents my second paper. This chapter investigates the effects of inflation uncertainty on the level of sectoral output growth rate and its cross-sectional dispersion by observing a panel of Japanese manufacturing sectors. Using an augmented profit model with a signal-extraction framework, I demonstrate that increasing inflation volatility will reduce the level of sectoral output growth rate, as well as narrowing its cross-sectional dispersion of output growth. Chapter 4 investigates the relationship between product specific inflation (PS-inflation) and relative price variability (RPV) in one of the top three economic areas in China. My estimation model contains a broader framework, which combines both effects of expected and unexpected product specific inflation on RPV, and those effects on RPV across various inflation regimes. My empirical results suggest that the absolute value of expected PS-inflation negatively affects RPV, and this effect reverses to be positive under the region of negative inflation, which is consistent with "asymmetric price adjustment"· in literature. On the other hand, absolute value of unexpected PS-inflation positively affect RPV when inflation rate is negative. An economical recession has different impacts on the effect of PS-inflation on RPV across different inflation regimes. Also, Chinese New Year has shown to exaggerate the effect of either expected or unexpected PS-inflation on RPV.