Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Volatilit'
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Hrbek, Filip. "Metody předvídání volatility." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264689.
Full textBlanc, Pierre. "Effets de rétroaction en finance : applications à l'exécution optimaleet aux modèles de volatilité." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1110/document.
Full textIn this thesis we study feedback effects in finance and we focus on two of their applications. These effects stem from the fact that traders split meta-orders sequentially, and also from feedback loops. Therefore, one can observe clusters of activity and periods of relative calm. The first part introduces an dynamic optimal execution framework with an exogenous stochastic flow of market orders. Our starting point is the well-known model of Obizheva and Wang which defines an execution framework with both permanent and transient price impacts. We modify the price model by adding an order flow based on Hawkes processes, which are self-exciting jump processes. The theory of stochastic control allows us to derive the optimal strategy as a closed formula. Also, we discuss the existence of Price Manipulations Strategies in the sense of Huberman and Stanzl which can be excluded from the model if the self-exciting property of the order flow exactly compensates the resilience of the price. The next chapter studies a calibration protocol for the model, which we apply to tick-by-tick data from CAC40 stocks. On this dataset, the model is found to explain a significant part of the variance of prices. We then evaluate the optimal strategy with a series of backtests, which show that it is profitable on average, although realistic transaction costs can prevent manipulation strategies. In the second part of the thesis, we turn to intra-day volatility modeling. Previous works from the volatility feedback literature mainly focus on the daily time scale, i.e. on close-to-close returns. Our goal is to use a similar approach on shorter time scales. We first present an ARCH-type model which accounts for the contributions of past intra-day and overnight returns separately. A calibration method for the model is considered, that we use on US and European stocks, and we provide some qualitative insights on the results. The last chapter of the thesis is dedicated to a high-frequency volatility model. We introduce a continuous-time analogue of the QARCH framework, which is also a generalization of Hawkes processes. This new model reproduces several important stylized facts, in particular it generates a time-asymmetric and fat-tailed volatility process
Stolbov, Anatoly. "Volatility Smile and Delta Hedging." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206214.
Full textŠvehla, Pavel. "Analýza volatility akciových indexů na evropských burzách." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-81856.
Full textRossi, Luca. "Essays on volatility networks and uncertainty." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/565613.
Full textAquesta tesi investiga empíricament diferents aspectes de la volatilitat variable. El Capítol 1 estima un TVP-FAVAR i recupera una xarxa de connexions dinàmiques entre les volatilitats de accions europees. Proposem una metodologia d’estimació ad-hoc que es demostri que supera els enfocaments estàndard i els models competidors. El Capítol 2 es centra en el seguiment de la connectivitat dinàmica entre les volatilitats sectorials dels Estats Units mitjançant descomposicions generalitzadas de variància d’errors de previsió amb un model Bayesià. A diferència de les estimacions obtingudes amb finestres enrotllables, permetem que els paràmetres variïn de manera més flexible. Mostrem que existeix una relació estable entre l’estructura de la xarxa i els règims de volatilitat vigents en un moment determinat. El Capítol 3 estima el component variable inesperat de la volatilitat dels pressupostos fiscals a Itàlia. Mostrem que els períodes de major volatilitat fiscal inesperada probablement són recessius. Les polítiques expansives només són efectives quan no s’acompanyen d’increments d’incertesa.
Hanzal, Martin. "Implikovaná volatilita a vyšší momenty rizikově neutrálního rozdělení jako předstihové indikátory realizované volatility." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-358955.
Full textŠtěrba, Filip. "Ocenění opcí na index PX se stochastickou volatilitou a časově závislou očekávanou bezrizikovou úrokovou sazbou." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2004. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76955.
Full textVarga, Lukáš. "Effect of Implied Volatility on FX Carry Trade." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113592.
Full textPáral, Jiří. "Bitcoins - využití virtuální měny v současné ekonomice DS." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206974.
Full textPEDIO, MANUELA. "Essays on the Time Series and Cross-Sectional Predictive Power of Network-Based Volatility Spillover Measures." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/305198.
Full textThis thesis includes two essays that are devoted to study the time-series and cross-sectional predictive power of a newly developed, forward-looking volatility spillover index based on option implied volatilities. In the first essay, we focus on the estimation of the index and on the assessment of whether the (changes in) the index can predict the time-series excess returns of (a set of) individual stocks and of the S&P 500. We also compare the in-sample and out-of-sample predictive power of this index with that of the volatility spillover index proposed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2008, 2012), which is instead based on realized, backward-looking volatilities. While both measures show evidence of in-sample predictive power, only the option-implied measure is able to produce out-of-sample forecasts that outperform a simple historical mean benchmark. We find this predictive power to be exploitable by an investor using simple trading strategies based on the sign of the predicted excess return and also by a mean-variance optimizer. We also show that, despite the predictive outperformance of the implied volatility spillover index is mostly coming from high-volatility periods, the additional forecast power is not subsumed by the inclusion of the VIX (as a proxy of aggregate volatility) in the predictive regressions. In the second essay, we investigate whether volatility spillover risk (in addition to aggregate volatility risk) is priced in the cross-section of US stock returns. To our purpose, we conduct several (parametric and non-parametric) asset pricing tests. First, we sort the stock universe into five quintile portfolios based on their exposure to the implied volatility spillover index that we have developed in the first essay. Second, we use a conditional sorting procedure to control for variables that may have a confounding effect on our results. We find that stocks with a low exposure to volatility spillovers earn an average 6.45% per annum more than stocks with a high exposure to volatility spillovers. This difference persists also after adjusting for risk and when we control for the exposure to aggregate volatility shocks. Finally, we employ a Fama-Mac Beth approach to estimate the risk premium associated with volatility spillover risk; this procedure partly confirms the results from the non-parametric, portfolio sorting analysis, although the premium is lower and generally imprecisely estimated.
Gříšek, Lukáš. "Cena volatility finančních proměnných." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113803.
Full textEl, Aoud Sofiene. "Dynamique jointe stock/option et application aux stratégies de trading sur options." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0020/document.
Full textThis thesis explores theoretically and empirically the implications of the stock/option joint dynamics on applications related to option trading. In the first part of the thesis, we look into the relations between stock options and index options under the risk-neutral measure. The Capital Asset Pricing Model offers an adequate mathematical framework for this study as it provides a modeling approach for the joint dynamics between the stock and the index. As we compute option prices according to this model, we find out that the beta and the idiosyncratic volatility of the stock, which are parameters of the model, characterize the relation between the implied volatility surface of the stock and the one of the index. For this reason, we focus on the estimation of the parameter beta under the risk-neutral measure through the use of option prices.This measure, that we call implied beta, is the information contained in option prices concerning the realization of the parameter beta in the future. Trying to use this additional information, we carry out an empirical study in order to investigate whether the implied beta has a predictive power of the forward realized beta. We conclude that the implied beta doesn’t perform better than the historical beta which is estimated using the linear regression of the stock’s returns onthe index returns. We conclude also that the oscillation of the implied beta around the forward realized beta can engender arbitrage opportunities, and we propose an arbitrage strategy which enables to monetize this difference. In addition, we show that the implied beta is useful to hedge stock options using instruments on the index. In the second part of our work, we consider the problem of option market making. We suppose that the model used to describe the dynamics of the underlying under the risk-neutral probability measure can be misspecified which means thatthe implied distribution of the underlying may be different from its historical one. We consider first the case of a risk neutral market maker who aims to maximize the expectation of her final wealth. Using a stochastic control approach, we determine the optimal bid and ask prices on the option and we interpret the effect of price inefficiency on the optimal strategy. Next to that, we suppose that the market maker is risk averse as she tries to minimize the variance of her finalwealth. We solve a mean-variance optimization problem and we provide analytic approximations for the optimal bid and ask prices. We show the effects of option inventory and price inefficiency on the optimal strategy. We try then to extrapolate the study to a higher dimension in order to see the effect of joint dynamics of the different underlyings on the optimal strategy. Thus, we study market making strategies on a pair of options having different underlyings with the aim to reduce the risk due to accumulated inventories in these two options. Through the resolution of the HJB equation associated to the new optimization problem, we determine the optimal strategy and we support our theoretical finding with numerical simulations. In the final part of the thesis, we study the joint dynamics of the at-the-money implied volatility and the spot process. We try to establish a relation between this joint dynamics and the implied skew through the use of a quantity called the Skew Stickiness Ratio which was introduced in the recent literature. The Skew Stickiness Ratio quantifies the effect of the log-return of the spot on the increment of theat-the-money volatility. We suggest a model-free approach for the estimation of the SSR (Skew Stickiness Ratio) under the risk-neutral measure, this approach doesn’t depend on hypothesis on the dynamics of the underlying. [...]
Kurpiel, Adam. "Valorisation et gestion d'options : modèles à volatilité stochastique." Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40048.
Full textDuben, Josef. "Oceňování opcí se stochastickou volatilitou." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72010.
Full textCollins, S. J. "Degassing of volatiles and semi-volatile trace elements at basaltic volcanoes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597860.
Full textLeglise, Joris. "Etude de la formation d'aérosols organiques secondaires par spectométrie de masse lors de l'ozonolyse de composés organiques volatils insatures." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE3013.
Full textThe understanding of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) is still incomplete, especially from the ozonolysis of unsaturated volatile organic compounds (VOC). The measurement of low volatility compounds involved in SOA formation is a challenge that the scientific community attempts to address. One of the objectives of this thesis work was the installation and use of a system for sampling and measuring the chemical composition of the aerosol by chemical ionization mass spectrometry (FIGAERO-CI-ToF-MS). This instrument has been used in the ozonolysis of unsaturated VOCs in the atmospheric simulation chamber HELIOS and the conditions for the formation of carboxylic acids and organosulfur compounds has been evaluated. The specific formation pathways of organosulfates (OS) have in addition been studied by injecting acidified seed particles. This study confirmed the low efficiency of the esterification of hydroxyl groups. Conversely, OS formation by epoxide ring opening is more efficient and increases with more acidic pH. In addition, the increase in relative humidity has a positive impact on the generation of carboxylic acids in the particulate phase.A second objective was the characterization of a system coupled to a proton transfer mass spectrometer (CHARON-PTR-ToF-MS) for collecting aerosols and measuring its chemical composition. The measurement of the fragmentation of 26 pure compounds in particulate phase allowed the development of a corrective procedure taking into account fragmentation process. This procedure was applied to the measurement of SOA generated by the ozonolysis of biogenic VOCs in an aerosol flow reactor. The volatility of the aerosol has been estimated using a thermodenuder installed downstream of the reactor. Taking into account fragmentation has greatly improved the agreement between the measured and the calculated volatility by several parametric equations
Seoudi, Islam. "Conception et optimisation de système multi-électrodes pour les implants cardiaques." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0027/document.
Full textCardiac implants like ICD are life saving devices for cardiac arrhythmias. In other conditions like heart failure, CRT implants are prescribed to restore the heart rhythm. Such treatment consists of the delivery of electrical stimuli to the cardiac tissue via electrodes in the stimulation lead. Conventionally the stimulation lead come either in unipolar or bipolar configuration which have been found to be sufficient for pacing the right atrium and right ventricle, studies have shown the benefits of a multi-electrode system for pacing left ventricle essential for cardiac resynchronization. This thesis discusses the design and optimization of a multi-electrode system capable of alleviating the limitations and constraints related to left ventricular stimulation. We first present implementation of such system that was taped out in 0.18 µm technology. The chip also features a specially designed communication protocol which enables low power operation and quick configuration. Thereafter we present the design and implementation of a default connection unit to ensure the compatibility of our multi-electrode lead with in the market. This unit was taped out in 0.18 µm technology. Finally we present a proof of concept study for the adaptation and integration of non-volatile memory technologies within the multi-electrode system. The employment of such technologies enhanced our multi-electrode system by eliminating the repetitive configuration of electrodes, thereby saving power and reducing latency. This also included smaller area and compatibility with any pacemaker in the market. Through simulations we proved the feasibility of these technologies for our implant applications
Boutachali, Asmaa. "European Electricity Market : Interdependencies between European prices, Impact of derivatives trading on the volatility of the physical market and Effect of recent reforms." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10057/document.
Full textThis thesis examines the European electricity markets. It first evaluates the effectiveness of European commission reforms to create a single and unified electricity market in Europe against national policies measures, investigating the interdependencies of electricity prices in the main European markets including United Kingdom of Great Britain. To conduct the econometric analysis, Vector Autoregressive model and Granger causality test (Granger 1988) are used. It then studies the impact of the introduction of derivatives trading market on the price volatility of physical market through an econometric study with GARCH model. Finally, it examines the potential effect of changing reforms on electricity prices and security of supply and analyses the interaction between UK reforms and EU regulation
HENRIKSSON, JIMMY. "A test of GARCH models onCoCo bonds." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300040.
Full textDenna uppsats undersöker till vilken utsträckning som ARCH och GARCH-modeller kan prediktera daglig volatilitet i AT1 CoCo-obligationer (eng. Additional Tier-1 Contingent Convertible Bonds), jämfört med Random Walk-modellen. Uppsatsen undersöker även hur olika parametrar I ARCH och GARCH-modeller påverkar resultatet i prediktionerna. De modeller som undersöks är Random Walk-modellen, ARCH(1), ARCH(2), ARCH(3), GARCH(1,1), GARCH(1,2), GARCH(2,1), och GARCH(2,2)-modellen. Datasetet som har använts i denna forskning består av 47 Europeiska AT1 CoCo obligationer från 20 olika emittenter. Resultatet visar att 42 av 47 CoCo-obligationer har betingat heteroskedastisk daglig avkastningsdata. Fem CoCo-obligationer med homoskedastisk avkastningsdata är obligationer med signifikant låg likviditet. Vidare visar resultatet visar att GARCH modellen överpresterar jämfört med både Random Walk-modellen och ARCH-modellen, under antagandet att innovationstermen följer en normal distribution. Resultatet visar även att en högre ordning av ARCH eller GARCH inte nödvändigtvis leder till ett bättre resultat i prediktonerna. GARCH(1,1)-modellen är modellen som predikterar den dagliga volatiliten i CoCo-obligationerna med bäst resultat. Slutsatsen är att GARCH-modellen predikterar volatiliteten i CoCo-obligationer bättre jämfört med ARCH-modellen och Random Walk-modellen. Däremot kan inte ARCH-modellen eller GARCH-modellen modellera CoCo-obligationer med signifikant låg likviditet. Vidare så medför en högre ordning i ARCH eller GARCH-modellen inte nödvändigtvis till bättre prediktioner.
Pigato, Paolo. "Tube estimates for hypoelliptic diffusions and scaling properties of stochastic volatility models." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1029/document.
Full textIn this thesis we address two problems. In the first part we consider hypoelliptic diffusions, under both strong and weak Hormander condition. We find Gaussian estimates for the density of the law of the solution at a fixed, short time. A main tool to prove these estimates is Malliavin Calculus, in particular some techniques recently developed to deal with degenerate problems. We then use these short-time estimates to show exponential two-sided bounds for the probability that the diffusion remains in a small tube around a deterministic path up to a given time. In our hypoelliptic framework, the shape of the tube must reflect the fact the diffusion moves with a different speed in the direction of the diffusion coefficient and in the direction of the Lie brackets. For this reason we introduce a norm accounting of this anisotropic behavior, which can be adapted to both the strong and weak Hormander framework. We establish a connection between this norm and the standard control distance in the strong Hormander case. In the weak Hormander case, we introduce a suitable equivalent control distance. In the second part of the thesis we work with mean reverting stochastic volatility models, with a volatility driven by a jump process. We first suppose that the jumps follow a Poisson process, and consider the decay of cross asset correlations, both theoretically and empirically. This leads us to study an algorithm for the detection of jumps in the volatility profile. We then consider a more subtle phenomenon widely observed in financial indices: the multiscaling of moments, i.e. the fact that the q-moment of the log-increment of the price on a time lag of length h scales as h to a certain power of q, which is non-linear in q. We work with models where the volatility follows a mean reverting SDE driven by a Lévy subordinator. We show that multiscaling occurs if the characteristic measure of the Lévy has power law tails and the mean reversion is super-linear at infinity. In this case the scaling function is piecewise linear
Bartoň, Ľuboš. "Oceňovanie opcií so stochastickou volatilitou." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77823.
Full textDe, Marco Stefano. "On probability distributions of diffusions and financial models with non-globally smooth coefficients." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00588686.
Full textBodin, Pierre-Anthony. "Optimisation des modèles d'évaluation et de couverture des options financières sous contraintes de liquidité." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CERG0711.
Full textOptimization of pricing and hedging models for financial options under liquidity constraints
Šigut, Jiří. "Modely oceňování opcí se stochastickou volatilitou." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-150113.
Full textKašička, Jan. "Obchodování s kávou na komoditních trzích." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264448.
Full textBrodd, Tobias. "Modeling the Relation Between Implied and Realized Volatility." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-273609.
Full textOptioner är en viktig del i dagens finansiella marknad. Det är därför viktigt att kunna förstå när optioner är över- och undervärderade för att vara i framkant av marknaden. För att bestämma detta kan relationen mellan den underliggande tillgångens volatilitet, kallad realiserad volatilitet, och marknadens förväntade volatilitet, kallad implicit volatilitet, analyseras. I den här avhandlingen undersöktes fem modeller för att modellera relationen mellan implicit och realiserad volatilitet. De fem modellerna var en Ornstein–Uhlenbeck modell, två autoregressiva modeller samt två artificiella neurala nätverk. För att analysera modellernas prestanda undersöktes olika nogrannhetsmått för prognoser från modellerna. Signaler från modellerna beräknades även och användes i en simulerad optionshandelsmiljö för att få en bättre förståelse för hur väl de presterar i en handelstillämpning. Resultaten tyder på att artificiella neurala nätverk kan modellera relationen bättre än mer traditionella tidsseriemodellerna. Det visades även att en handelsstrategi baserad på prognoser av relationen kunde generera en signifikant vinst. Det visades dessutom att vinster kunde ökas genom att kombinera en prognosmodell med en modell som klassificerar signaler.
Silvestre, Stephan. "Asymétries, volatilité et déterminants des prix sur les marchés des matières premières énergétiques." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100192/document.
Full textChanges in oil and fuel prices since the 1970s represent a major subject of study for economists, particularly because of tbeir impact on consumer purchasing power. In the 1990s, economists have ideotified and modeled an asymmetric effect in the transmission oil prices, which they deepened through more sophisticated econometric models. However, the role ofvolatility is still imperfectly de.scribed and questions remain open. How do economic agents change their behavior in times of increased uncertainty? Are transmission factors of prices affected? What differences are there between the upstream and downstream in the value chaio? These issues are addressed in three studies, which have been or will be the subject of publications in internatiooaJ journals. As a whole, this thesis shows the importance of the role of regime changes in the transmission of prices on energy markets. Our results also aUowed us to confirm or deny some assomptions ofliterature, such as the preseoce of asymmetries in the French fuel market, their disappearance in the downstream market as a result of competition and strengthening of public control, the effect of price volatility on asymmetries or that of the US production of sbale gas on the oatural gasconsumption. Tbese empirical results are of academic interest to ecooomists, but also operational for market regulators and governments in the management of the energy transition
Ould, Aly Sidi Mohamed. "Modélisation de la courbe de variance et modèles à volatilité stochastique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00604530.
Full textMouallim, Isam. "Evaluation de la volatilité et de la corrélation dans la gestion du risque de marché." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10007.
Full textThis thesis has object to improve the methods for estimating market risk by offering solutions capable to replicate some empirical properties of asset returns. Through an empirical study on real data, we show that the reality of financial markets has some empirical characteristics known and summarized as "stylized facts" that render the conventional market risk measurement unable to reproduce. We propose a Value-at-Risk (VaR) measures, based on modeling portfolio volatility and correlations between assets classes, using two risk measurement approaches: an univariate risk measurement approach and multivariate risk measurement approach, and testing their quality predictive using backtesting procedures. The results obtained show a great ability of different used risk measurement to capture the stylized facts characterizing financial markets, with a clear outperformance of the multivariate VaR measures than the univariate VaR measures
Hunter, James Freeman. "Oxidation of atmospheric organic carbon : interconnecting volatile organic compounds, intermediate-volatility organic compounds, and organic aerosol." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97794.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 101-110).
.Organic molecules have many important roles in the atmosphere, acting as climate and biogeochemical forcers, and in some cases as toxic pollutants. The lifecycle of atmospheric organic carbon is extremely complex, with reaction in multiple phases (gas, particle, aqueous) and at multiple timescales. The details of the lifecycle chemistry (especially the amount and properties of particles) have important implications for air quality, climate, and human and ecosystem health, and need to be understood better. Much of the chemical complexity and uncertainty lies in the reactions and properties of low-volatility oxidized intermediates that result from the oxidation of volatile organic precursors, and which have received comparatively little study thus far. This thesis describes three projects that link together the entire chain of oxidation (volatile to intermediate to condensed) in an effort to improve our understanding of carbon lifecycle and aerosol production. Laboratory studies of atmospherically relevant aerosol precursors show that the slow oxidation of intermediates is critical to explaining the yield and properties of aerosol under highly oxidized ("aged") conditions, and that the production of organic particles is significantly increased when intermediates are fully oxidized. This aging process is a strong function of molecular structure, and depends on aerosol concentration through the phenomenon of condensational trapping. Further laboratory studies of a series of (poly)cyclic 10 carbon alkanes show that structural effects are largely explained through fragmentation reactions, and that more generally, carbon-carbon bond scission is a ubiquitous and important reaction channel for oxidized intermediates. Finally, direct measurement of oxidized intermediate compounds in field studies shows that these compounds are abundant and important in the ambient atmosphere, with concentrations and properties in between those of volatile and particulate organic compounds. Together with other co-located measurements and complementary techniques, this enables estimates of emission, oxidation, and deposition to be constructed. The results from this thesis can be used to inform more sophisticated models of atmospheric organic carbon cycling, and to improve prediction of organic particulate matter concentrations.
by James Freeman Hunter.
Ph. D. in Environmental Chemistry
Hedlund, Niklas. "IT-Forensisk undersökning av flyktigt minne : På Linux och Android enheter." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Datateknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-13124.
Full textThe ability to be able to make a efficient investigation of volatile memory is something that getsmore and more important in IT forensic investigations. Partially for Linux and Windows based PCsystems but also for mobile devices in the form of the Android or devices based on other mobileoperative systems.Android uses a modified Linux kernel where the modifications exclusively are to adapt it to thedemands that exists in a operative system targeting mobile devices. These modifications containsmessage passing systems between processes as well as changes to the memory subsystems in theaspect of handling and monitoring.Since these two kernels are so closely related it is possible to use the same basic principles for dum-ping and analysing of the memory. The actual memory dumping is done by a kernel module whichin this report is done by the software called LiME which handles both kernels very well.Tools used to analyse the memory needs to understand the memory layout used on the systemin question, depending on the type of analyse method used it might also need information aboutthe different symbols involved. The tool used in this project is called Volatility which in theory iscapable of extracting all the information needed in order to make a correct investigation.The purpose was to expand on existing methods for analysing volatile memory on Linux-basedsystems, in the form of PC machines as well as embedded systems like Android. Difficulties arisedwhen the analysing of volatile memory for Android could not be completed according to existinggoals. The final result came to show that memory analysis targeting the PC platform is bothsimpler and more straight forward then what it is if Android is involved.
Sjöstrand, Maria. "En kvantitativ undersökning av SABR-modellen." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-7644.
Full textFör att prissätta optioner är val av modell en viktig fråga. I denna kandidatuppsats
beskrivs både Black & Scholes modell och SABR-modellen. Förstnämnda modell är
enklare än SABR-modellen men bygger på antaganden som inte stämmer överens med
verkligheten. Den ger heller inte någon explicit formel för den implicita volatiliteten
och predikterar inte heller på ett korrekt sätt fenomenet volatility smile vilket
observeras på marknaden.
Syftet med uppsatsen är att utvärdera prestandan hos SABR-modellen och
användarvänligheten, samt att undersöka lite av teorin bakom modellen och vissa av
dess egenskaper. Till grund för beräkningarna ligger datamaterial hämtat från Nasdaq
OMX Nordic.
Enligt mina beräkningar är resultatet att SABR-modellen endast presterar marginellt
bättre än Black & Scholes-modellen. Dock kan även små förbättringar spela stor roll i
dessa sammanhang.
Ndiaye, Moctar. "Maize price volatility in Burkina Faso : Measurement, Causes and Consequences." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD042.
Full textFood price volatility is an ongoing concern in developing countries since the food price spikes in 2007/08 and 2010/11. This dissertation focuses on the patterns of food price volatility in Burkina Faso. Price volatility is defined as the unpredictable component of price variations. The aim of this dissertation is to contribute to a better understanding of three complementary issues i) the nature of maize price volatility in Burkina Faso, ii) its determinants and iii) its impacts on agricultural producers’ behavior. We combine an original database of grain prices on 28 local markets in the last 15 years and a panel database of almost 2,000 farm households’ production choices throughout the. Our results can be summarized as follows. First, these data allowed isolating the key sector of maize and then presenting detailed data on maize price series and the agricultural activity of households used in the remainder of this thesis (chapter 1). Second, the analysis of maize price series in each market suggests that ARCH model as the dominant time-series model to describe price volatility patterns in most markets in Burkina Faso. In these markets, price drops and peaks have a similar contribution to price volatility, and only recent episodes of price variations increase current volatility. Other markets are characterized by long term volatility episodes with a differential effect of price variations due to the geographical position (Chapter 2).Third, the analysis with panel method of maize price series shows that maize price volatility is greater in remote markets (Chapter 3). Fourth, by combining price series on local cereal markets and a panel data set on farm households’ production choices, we find that higher maize prices increase the quantity of chemical fertilizer use. However, unpredictable maize price variations decrease the level of fertilizer use; while predictable maize prices have no significant effect on fertilizer use (Chapter 4). The novelty of this thesis lies in the analysis of price volatility on local markets and at a micro level with household data, whereas this issue is usually perceived at the macroeconomic scale
Wayman, Matthew C. "The Transfer of Volatiles Within Interacting Magmas and its Effect on the Magma Mingling Process." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1312924338.
Full textNasr, Tarek Abdallah. "L'émergence des marchés financiers et la stratégie financière des entreprises." Paris 9, 2001. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2001PA090005.
Full textBerglund, Erik, and Björn Bäckius. "Valutariskhantering under volatila förhållanden." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Business Administration and Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-4659.
Full textAllteftersom svenska företag utökar sina verksamheter på den globala marknaden uppstår nya möjligheter men även nya risker. De flesta länder har nu ett rörligt växelkurssystem vilket lett till att företagens valutarisker ökat. Volatiliteten på valutamarknaden har under de senaste åren ökat i omfattning vilket ökar betydelsen av fungerande valutariskhantering.
Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur vissa svenska multinationella företag hanterar sina valutarisker och om det har förändrats i tider av hög volatilitet på valutamarknaden och förändrat konjunktursläge.
- Hur identifierar och hanterar företag sina valutaexponeringar?
- Vilka faktorer inverkar på ett företags valutariskhantering?
- Förändras valutariskhanteringen vid ökad volatilitet på valutamarknaden och förändrat konjunkturläge?
I uppsatsen har vi använt oss utav en kvalitativ metod med ett hermeneutiskt synsätt för att uppnå en djupare förståelse av ämnet och på grund utav att uppsatsens syfte kräver en metod som möjliggör för oss författare att förstå tankesättet bakom handlingarna. Vi startade med att samla in sekundärdata för att skapa en teoretisk referensram att använda som bas att utgå våra intervjuer ifrån och analysera datan.
Slutsatserna vi som uppsatsskrivare kommit fram till av studien är att den ökade volatiliteten påverkat valutariskhanteringen och intresset av valutariskhantering ute på operativ nivå i företagen ökat. Uppsatsen visar även på att det osäkra marknadsläget lett till att företagen minskat säkringsnivåerna på deras exponeringar för att undvika att bli översäkrad.
Vi anser att det vore intressant att använda sig av ett större urval företag (alternativt att fokusera branschvis) ur en längre tidsperiod. Det har även uppkommit frågor under uppsatsen gång som vi inte kunnat gå in närmare på, exempelvis hur företagen arbetar med den ekonomiska exponeringen. Även en studie som närmare undersöker IAS 39s påverkan på företagens valutariskhantering vore intressant.
Uppsatsen har bidragit till ökad kunskap om vilka faktorer som påverkar valutariskhanteringsarbetet och hur valutariskhanteringen förändras under volatila och mer osäkra förhållanden.
As multinational Swedish companies extend their international operations they encounter new opportunities as well as new risks. Since most economies today has floating currency systems the currency risk for the firms also increases. During the last years substantially increased volatility on the currency market has lead to an increased importance of a functioning currency risk management.
The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to investigate how some Swedish multinational firms manage their currency risks and how they have become affected of the increased market volatility and an uncertain economic situation.
- How do firms measure and manage their currency exposure?
- Which variables affect firms' currency risk management?
- Do the firms' currencies risk management change during an increased volatility and uncertain economic situation?
In this thesis we have chosen to use a qualitative method with a hermeneutic approach to gain a deeper knowledge in the subject since our purpose demands a greater depth to understand the firms' way of thinking. We started off with gathering secondary data to create a theoretical frame of reference. The framework was later used a as support for the interviews and as well for the analysis.
The conclusions we as writers made of this thesis was that the increased volatility affected the currency risk management and the interest to manage currency risks has risen on an operative levels. The thesis shows that the uncertain economic situation has lead to the firms have reduced their hedging levels to avoid become over hedged.
We would find it interesting to gather data from a greater amount of firms (or focus on specific industries) during a longer period of time. Because of our limited time we couldn't explore all the questions that have come up. For an example: a study on how firms manage their economic exposure. We would also like to see a study on how IAS 39 affects firms' currency risk management.
This thesis has contributed to increased knowledge about what variables influences firms' currency risk management and how the currency risk management changes in volatile and uncertain times.
Ekblom, Jonas, and John Andersson. "Value-at-Risk : Historisk simulering som konkurrenskraftig beräkningsmodell." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12599.
Full textValue-at-Risk (VaR) is among financial institutions a commonly used tool for measuring market risk. Several methods to calculate VaR exists and different implementations often results in different VaR forecasts. An interesting implementation is historical simulation, and the purpose of this thesis is to examine whether historical simulation with dynamic volatility updating is useful as a model to calculate VaR and how this differs in regard to type of asset or instrument. To carry out the investigation six different models are implemented, which then are tested for statistical accuracy through Christoffersens test. We find that incorporation of volatility updating into the historical simulation method in many cases improves the model. The model also generates good results compared to other commonly used models, especially if the volatility is predicted through a GARCH(1,1) updating scheme.
Value-at-Risk (VaR) är ett bland finansiella institutioner vanligt mått för att mäta marknadsrisk. Det finns ett flertal olika sätt att beräkna VaR, vilka ofta ger olika resultat beroende på förutsättningar. Ett av dessa är historisk simulering, och syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka huruvida historisk simulering med dynamiskt uppdaterande volatilitet är en användbar modell för beräkning av VaR och hur dess lämplighet beror på valt tillgångsslag eller instrument. För att besvara detta implementeras sex olika modeller för beräkning av VaR, vilka sedan testas med hjälp av Christoffersens test. Vi finner att inkorporering av dynamisk volatilitet i historisk simulering i många fall medför en förbättring av modellen ifråga om statistisk riktighet. Vidare kan historisk simulering med dynamiskt uppdaterande volatilitet anses vara konkurrenskraftig i jämförelse med andra vanligt använda modeller, framförallt då volatiliteten skattas genom GARCH(1,1).
Galiotos, Vassilis. "Stochastic Volatility and the Volatility Smile." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Mathematics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-120151.
Full textMarklund, Joakim, and Olle Karlsson. "Volatility Derivatives – Variance and Volatility Swaps." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analys och sannolikhetsteori, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-254657.
Full textPeron, Sandrine. "Origine des éléments volatils terrestres : apport de la géochimie des gaz rares." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC215.
Full textThe origin of volatiles, elements with low condensation temperatures such as water, nitrogen, carbon and noble gases, on Earth and other terrestrial planets is still misunderstood. Determining how these elements were delivered to the Earth will allow a better understanding of the processes of solar system formation. Due to their inertness, noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) constitute unique tracers of volatiles sources. Studying the noble gas composition of the Earth’s mantle is hence critical to unravel volatile origin. The aim of this PhD was to measure precisely the composition of non-radiogenic, stable noble gas isotopes in the mantle from basaltic glasses. The latter being very often contaminated by air, analytical techniques were thus set up to overcome this contamination.Samples from Fernandina volcano from the Galápagos hotspot were studied with laser ablation. The results show that the mean 20Ne/22Ne ratio in the vesicles is 12.65 ± 0.04 (1σ), close to the estimated value of the solar wind implanted end-member (~ 12,7). This study suggests that light volatiles in the mantle would originate from implantation of solar wind on the Earth’s precursors grains. Data from popping rock samples, also analyzed with this technique, indicate that the upper mantle is heterogeneous at small scale and that noble gases, included He, Ne, could be recycled into the mantle in subduction zones. A new protocol to analyse Kr and Xe was set up. The results show the highest measured excess in 124Xe, 126Xe and 128Xe for the mantle and suggest a chondritic source. The xenon fissiogenic isotopes allowed us to constrain the onset of volatile recycling in the mantle to around 3 Ga
Khan, Salman. "Essays on financial crises, Contagion and Intervention." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32033.
Full textThe objective of the dissertation is to study various aspects of financial crisis 2007-09. Overall there are two kinds of objectives that are pursued in this dissertation: the first objective is to decipher the linkages between different stock markets, real estate markets and oil markets in order to assess the return and volatility spillover effects. The focus in this area is on the level of integration among the markets during different periods of time including crisis. This area is investigated through developing three separate essays. The first essay tests the Russian government claim that shocks originating in foreign markets were primarily responsible for its stock market panic during September-October 2008. Using financial contagion framework, the results indicate that the Russian stock market is weakly integrated with the US and European market in turn discarding the government claim. In bivariate market comparison, the results indicate that Russian market emits high level of shocks affecting the correlation structure between Russia and foreign markets while the reverse is true in case of volatility spillover effects. It is concluded that the governments should not use the justification of foreign shocks affecting the local markets during global crisis. Akin to foregoing analysis, we look at the transmission of shock and volatility in the Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) markets. Since by law REITs are required to invest a large portion of their investments in real estate, the role of REITs in spreading the subprime mortgage crisis across the globe has been assessed. The initial analysis indicates that during crisis all markets are granger causing each other. The result is in compliance with the widely held view that the stock markets behave alike during global crisis. Next the integration between USREITs and global REITs and S&P500 has been examined. The results indicate USREITs is weakly integrated with the global REITs implying low level of bidirectional shock and volatility spillover while the reverse is true in case of USREITs- S&P500. Finally the integration between S&P500 and global REITs has been explored. The results suggest weak integration between S&P500 and global REITs. The shocks are mainly transmitted from S&P500 to global REITs. Over all the study concludes that neither USREITs nor S&P500 can create a wider panic in the global REIT markets during crisis. These weak linkages points towards portfolio diversification benefits as well.Studying the crisis at the next level, we analyze short-run as well as long-run relationship between crude oil price and stock markets for Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) within a constrained structural modeling framework. Our findings indicate that BRIC stock markets to certain extent follow the efficient market hypothesis such that in case of oil importing country a positive oil price shock cause the stock market to fall and the reverse is true for an oil exporting country. Two important behaviors have been identified related to short-run interest rate and industrial production. The rise in oil prices generate inflation which is countered by increase in short-run interest rate. At the same time, industrial production tends to increase in real terms instead of decreasing in view of oil price shock (increase in oil price). The result can be attributed to hedging oil price risk with physical delivery. Once the hedge contract starts expiring after 30, 90 or 180 days the impact of oil price starts reducing the industrial production. The second objective of the dissertation is to study the government intervention specifically in the stock markets and generally in the economy. From stock market perspective, we analyze the case of Russian government repeated intervention in its national stock markets during late 2008. Using event-study methodology the findings indicate weak evidence that government intervention can in fact prevent stock market from external financial shocks. The study strongly recommends that the governments should not intervene during stock market crisis.Studying the case of general economy, a new idea has been developed and floated regarding central bank’s intervention directed to preempt an Asset Price Bubble (APB). The economic theory regarding central bank monetary policy intervention has been found to suffer from various problems in the event an APB occurs, such as, -time lag, -cannot affect bubbled sector alone as well as –irrelevance of traditional bank-lending channel. To deal with these issues the study brings forward the idea of regulatory intervention based on certain text book assumptions. The idea entails that contrary to traditional monetary policy intervention, the central bank should impose credit exposure limits for a particular sector on credit institutions. These limits should be imposed once the central bank finds out the abnormal increase in prices in a given sector of the economy. Our preliminary findings suggest that idea of regulatory intervention has the potential to preempt the APB
Malongo, Elouaï Hassan. "Couverture du risque de volatilité et de corrélation dans un portefeuille." Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090005.
Full textThis work focuses on modeling the dynamics of volatilities and correlations between financial assets returns. After a literature review of univariate and multivariate GARCH-type models, the author establishes results for the existence and uniqueness of stationary solutions of dynamic correlations models (DCC model, Engle 2002). He then extends this class of models including instantaneous volatility and probability of regime changes in the dynamics of correlations. The new models are empirically evaluated on a MSCI portfolio. Formal tests have shown that some of these new specifications improve predictive power of the returns covariance matrix that would be useful in portfolio management. Finally, focusing now on the volatility risk, the author shows that hedging strategies of main European equity indices based on implied volatility indices (VIX, VSTOXX) are relevant and allow to both hedge and reduce the equity risk of a portfolio
Ebrahimzadeh, Mousavi Seyed Mohamad Ali. "Migration de molécules volatiles dans un système aliment emballage bois : modélisation des transferts et mesure des coefficients de diffusion." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1998_EBRAHIMZADEH_MOUSAVI_S_M_A.pdf.
Full textWayne, David Hadyn. "Incomplete markets, volatility smiles and volatility trading." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11267.
Full textLopes, Rita Isabel Dória Gameiro. "Volatility derivatives and volatility indexes : an overview." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/9048.
Full textNas últimas décadas, os derivados financeiros têm-se revestido de grande importância, como se deduz facilmente do facto de o número de transações nos mercados financeiros envolvendo este tipo de instrumentos apresentar grande crescimento. De entre a grande variedade de derivados, destaca-se, para efeitos deste trabalho, uma classe particular, a classe dos derivados sobre volatilidade, que têm sido objeto de estudo na última década, talvez devido ao papel relativamente significativo que vêm assumindo a nível dos principais mercados. Intimamente ligados aos derivados sobre volatilidade estão os índices sobre volatilidade, também aqui objeto de análise. O presente estudo consiste essencialmente na revisão possível, dadas as restrições de espaço, da vasta literatura que já existe sobre o tema, o que se procurará fazer ao longo de todo o texto. Adicionalmente, procurará levar-se a cabo uma pesquisa do impacte da última crise financeira e económica no volume de negócios com derivados sobre volatilidade, para o que se selecionará um particular tipo de produtos. Do levantamento realizado sobre os tópicos em questão, pareceu poder concluir-se que estes não suscitaram antes o interesse de estudiosos portugueses. Nesse sentido, será então este o primeiro contributo, ainda que modesto, para preencher a lacuna.
During the last few decades, financial derivatives became extremely important, a conclusion easily derived from the fact that the number of transactions involving such instruments has greatly increased in financial markets. A specific type of these products consists of the so-called volatility derivatives, which have been quite studied during the last few years and are now of great significance, having experienced a growing role in the world financial markets. Closely related to volatility derivatives are the volatility indexes. This study is based mostly on a review of the literature on the subject of volatility derivatives and volatility indexes, which is presented all over the text. Additionally, an attempt is made to analyze the impact of the current economic and financial crises on volatility derivatives trading, specifically in reference to certain particular futures. To the best knowledge of the author the topic of volatility futures has not been addressed before in the Masters in Finance context; this thesis is, in that sense, a first (very small) contribution to fill the gap.
Mertlík, Jakub. "Valuation and Hedging of Foreign Exchange Barrier Options." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2004. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77859.
Full textBuksová, Jana. "Srovnání spotového a opčního trhu v období finanční krize." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-17074.
Full textJohansson, Rydell Marta, and Rosenblad Lisa Vendela. "Prissättningsmetoder vid börsintroduktioner : En studie om volatilitet och avkastning." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-72858.
Full textBackground: In the past, most companies performing an Initial Public Offering, IPO, applied the fixed pricing method, which often lead to an extensive underpricing of the shares. By doing so, it was easy for investors to gain high return on the first trading day. Nowadays, companies use auction pricing to a greater extent where investors bid for a certain amount of shares to a certain price. This procedure has resulted in a decrease of the underpricing. With the assumption that some of the market’s expectations are included in the price, whilst using an auction pricing method, these stocks would possibly appear less volatile after the IPO. Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate whether the volatility of the shares is different after the introduction on the market, based on which method that has been applied when pricing the shares. The thesis also investigates to what extent the choice of pricing method influences the underpricing and returns of a share after its introduction. Method: The study comprises quantitative historical data, such as share prices as well as additional information gathered from the prospectus of each IPO. In addition to arranging the data and the analyses, made in Excel, numerous econometric analyses have been made by using non-linear regressions, where variables such as pricing method, beta, underpricing on the first trading day, and variance have been examined as a dependent variable in relation to several different combinations of explanatory variables. Findings: The study finds that companies that have practiced a fixed pricing method show a higher volatility after the introduction on the market. Thus, the choice of either pricing method has some influence on the volatility. Furthermore, it was proved that companies using a fixed pricing method were more underpriced and gained higher returns during the first year of trading compared to companies using an auction pricing method.
Aljaid, Mohammad, and Mohammed Diaa Zakaria. "Implied Volatility and Historical Volatility : An Empirical Evidence About The Content of Information And Forecasting Power." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172756.
Full textZhang, Henry, and Alex Sahlman. "IT-bubblans inverkan på den amerikanska aktiemarknadens volatilitet." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-22444.
Full textPurpose: The purpose of this thesis is to see how and why the volatility was affected in DJIA, S&P 500 and NASDAQ Composite during the Dot-com bubble. Method: The yearly and monthly volatility of DJIA, S&P 500 and NASDAQ Composite were computed with data from a period spanning 1995-2004, which were collected from Yahoo Finance. Empiricism: The results illustrate that the volatility was vastly higher in NASDAQ Composite than in DJIA and S&P 500 which in turn yielded a comparable volatility in relation to each other. Analysis: The analysis extracted the fact that the volatility rose considerably after the bubble burst during May 2000 and started waning after the panic died out circa May 2002. There were a relatively high harmony between the results of this report and the earlier studies which it was compared to. Conclusion: The volatility for DJIA, S&P 500 and NASDAQ 500 was higher between 200 and 2002 than during the rest of the observed period. The Dot-com bubble arose due to irrational investment behavior among investors and the panic which arose afterwards contributed to the increasing volatility which maintained a high level until it subsided after May 2002. NASDAQ Composite had the highest volatility during the Dot-com bubble while DJIA and S&P 500 had a similar volatility. All indexes followed a similar pattern, this was probably due to that companies from NASDAQ Composite reasonably should be found in S&P 500 and DJIA.