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Academic literature on the topic 'Volatile Biomarkers'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Volatile Biomarkers"

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Zhang, Haipeng, Huan Wen, Jiajing Chen, Zhaoxin Peng, Meiyan Shi, Mengjun Chen, Ziyu Yuan, Yuan Liu, Hongyan Zhang, and Juan Xu. "Volatile Compounds in Fruit Peels as Novel Biomarkers for the Identification of Four Citrus Species." Molecules 24, no. 24 (December 12, 2019): 4550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244550.

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The aroma quality of citrus fruit is determined by volatile compounds, which bring about different notes to allow discrimination among different citrus species. However, the volatiles with various aromatic traits specific to different citrus species have not been identified. In this study, volatile profiles in the fruit peels of four citrus species collected from our previous studies were subjected to various analyses to mine volatile biomarkers. Principal component analysis results indicated that different citrus species could almost completely be separated. Thirty volatiles were identified as potential biomarkers in discriminating loose-skin mandarin, sweet orange, pomelo, and lemon, while 17 were identified as effective biomarkers in discriminating clementine mandarins from the other loose-skin mandarins and sweet oranges. Finally, 30 citrus germplasms were used to verify the classification based on β-elemene, valencene, nootkatone, and limettin as biomarkers. The accuracy values were 90.0%, 96.7%, 96.7%, and 100%, respectively. This research may provide a novel and effective alternative approach to identifying citrus genetic resources.
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Milanowski, Maciej, Paweł Pomastowski, Tomasz Ligor, and Bogusław Buszewski. "Saliva – Volatile Biomarkers and Profiles." Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 47, no. 3 (January 12, 2017): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2016.1266925.

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Chai, Hwa Chia, and Kek Heng Chua. "The Potential Use of Volatile Biomarkers for Malaria Diagnosis." Diagnostics 11, no. 12 (November 30, 2021): 2244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11122244.

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Pathogens may change the odor and odor-related biting behavior of the vector and host to enhance pathogen transmission. In recent years, volatile biomarker investigations have emerged to identify odors that are differentially and specifically released by pathogens and plants, or the pathogen-infected or even cancer patients. Several studies have reported odors or volatile biomarkers specifically detected from the breath and skin of malaria-infected individuals. This review will discuss the potential use of these odors or volatile biomarkers for the diagnosis of malaria. This approach not only allows for the non-invasive mean of sample collection but also opens up the opportunity to develop a biosensor for malaria diagnosis in low-resource settings.
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Kwak, Jae, Michelle Gallagher, Mehmet Hakan Ozdener, Charles J. Wysocki, Brett R. Goldsmith, Amaka Isamah, Adam Faranda, et al. "Volatile biomarkers from human melanoma cells." Journal of Chromatography B 931 (July 2013): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.05.007.

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Jerković, Igor. "Volatile Benzene Derivatives as Honey Biomarkers." Synlett 24, no. 18 (August 12, 2013): 2331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1338972.

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Issitt, Theo, Laura Wiggins, Martin Veysey, Sean T. Sweeney, William J. Brackenbury, and Kelly Redeker. "Volatile compounds in human breath: critical review and meta-analysis." Journal of Breath Research 16, no. 2 (February 23, 2022): 024001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1752-7163/ac5230.

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Abstract Volatile compounds contained in human breath reflect the inner workings of the body. A large number of studies have been published that link individual components of breath to disease, but diagnostic applications remain limited, in part due to inconsistent and conflicting identification of breath biomarkers. New approaches are therefore required to identify effective biomarker targets. Here, volatile organic compounds have been identified in the literature from four metabolically and physiologically distinct diseases and grouped into chemical functional groups (e.g. methylated hydrocarbons or aldehydes; based on known metabolic and enzymatic pathways) to support biomarker discovery and provide new insight on existing data. Using this functional grouping approach, principal component analysis doubled explanatory capacity from 19.1% to 38% relative to single individual compound approaches. Random forest and linear discriminant analysis reveal 93% classification accuracy for cancer. This review and meta-analysis provides insight for future research design by identifying volatile functional groups associated with disease. By incorporating our understanding of the complexities of the human body, along with accounting for variability in methodological and analytical approaches, this work demonstrates that a suite of targeted, functional volatile biomarkers, rather than individual biomarker compounds, will improve accuracy and success in diagnostic research and application.
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De Moraes, Consuelo M., Caroline Wanjiku, Nina M. Stanczyk, Hannier Pulido, James W. Sims, Heike S. Betz, Andrew F. Read, Baldwyn Torto, and Mark C. Mescher. "Volatile biomarkers of symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria infection in humans." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 22 (May 14, 2018): 5780–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1801512115.

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Malaria remains among the world’s deadliest diseases, and control efforts depend critically on the availability of effective diagnostic tools, particularly for the identification of asymptomatic infections, which play a key role in disease persistence and may account for most instances of transmission but often evade detection by current screening methods. Research on humans and in animal models has shown that infection by malaria parasites elicits changes in host odors that influence vector attraction, suggesting that such changes might yield robust biomarkers of infection status. Here we present findings based on extensive collections of skin volatiles from human populations with high rates of malaria infection in Kenya. We report broad and consistent effects of malaria infection on human volatile profiles, as well as significant divergence in the effects of symptomatic and asymptomatic infections. Furthermore, predictive models based on machine learning algorithms reliably determined infection status based on volatile biomarkers. Critically, our models identified asymptomatic infections with 100% sensitivity, even in the case of low-level infections not detectable by microscopy, far exceeding the performance of currently available rapid diagnostic tests in this regard. We also identified a set of individual compounds that emerged as consistently important predictors of infection status. These findings suggest that volatile biomarkers may have significant potential for the development of a robust, noninvasive screening method for detecting malaria infections under field conditions.
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Pinto, Joana, Ângela Carapito, Filipa Amaro, Ana Rita Lima, Carina Carvalho-Maia, Maria Conceição Martins, Carmen Jerónimo, Rui Henrique, Maria de Lourdes Bastos, and Paula Guedes de Pinho. "Discovery of Volatile Biomarkers for Bladder Cancer Detection and Staging through Urine Metabolomics." Metabolites 11, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11040199.

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Timely diagnosis is crucial to improve the long-term survival of bladder cancer (BC) patients. The discovery of new BC biomarkers based in urine analysis is very attractive because this biofluid is in direct contact with the inner bladder layer, in which most of the neoplasms develop, and is non-invasively collected. Hence, this work aimed to unveil alterations in the urinary volatile profile of patients diagnosed with BC compared with cancer-free individuals, as well as differences among patients diagnosed at different tumor stages, to identify candidate biomarkers for non-invasive BC diagnosis and staging. Urine analysis was performed by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The results unveiled that BC patients have a distinct urinary volatile profile characterized by higher levels of several alkanes and aromatic compounds, and lower levels of aldehydes, ketones and monoterpenes. Seventeen significantly altered volatiles were used to evaluate the performance for overall BC detection, disclosing 70% sensitivity, 89% specificity and 80% accuracy. Moreover, distinct urinary volatile profiles were found among patients diagnosed at different tumor stages (Ta/Tis, T1 and ≥T2). This work identified distinct urinary volatile signatures of BC patients with potential for non-invasive detection and staging of bladder cancer.
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Wallace, Lance, Timothy Buckley, Edo Pellizzari, and Sydney Gordon. "Breath Measurements as Volatile Organic Compound Biomarkers." Environmental Health Perspectives 104 (October 1996): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3433003.

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Kwak, Jae, and George Preti. "Volatile Disease Biomarkers in Breath: A Critique." Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 12, no. 7 (July 1, 2011): 1067–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920111795909050.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Volatile Biomarkers"

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Parekh, Bhavin. "Volatile biomarkers of blood glucose." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609459.

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Johnson, Emmanuel Uche. "Volatile organic compounds: novel potential biomarkers in bladder cancer diagnosis." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.681344.

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Bladder cancer is an important global disease. The gold standard for diagnosis is cystoscopy and biopsy; both are invasive and require highly trained personnel. In a majority of cases, treated patients are followed up by frequent cystoscopies lasting several years. The discovery of biomarkers indicating which individuals should proceed to cystoscopy would be an important addition to bladder cancer management. The odour of urine is produced by volatile organic compounds, (VOCs), detectable by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). An analysis of the VOCs in urine from various groups of individuals including patients with bladder cancer is undertaken in search of possible discriminating compounds, which could be harnessed in future as a potential screening tool or adjunct in bladder cancer management. Methods First void urine was obtained from 64 patients with new non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, 71 cancer free patients with haematuria and 51 asymptomatic volunteers. After equilibration, the headspace above these pH adjusted urine samples was extracted for 20minutes, using a carboxen / polydimethylsiloxane solid phase micro-extraction fibre (SPME). This was followed by desorption and VOC identification by GC-MS. Results Urine headspace VOCs under acidic conditions, (pH of modified urine 2), were found to be discriminating. Identified compounds were analyzed using forward stepwise discriminant analysis: 9 VOCs when used together, gave 84.7% correct classification of samples (Haematuria control v Bladder cancer) with no change on cross validation of results. The calculated sensitivity and specificity of this model is 76.6% and 92.9% respectively, with Positive predictive value of 90.7% and Negative predictive value of 92.9%. These results are comparable, and in some cases better than those obtained using commercially available urinary bladder cancer biomarkers. Conclusion Volatile organic compounds in urinary head space change with the development of bladder cancer. Urinary VOCs are exciting novel potential biomarkers in the detection of bladder cancer.
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Bond, A. "An investigation of volatile organic compounds as biomarkers for gastrointestinal neoplasia." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3006172/.

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Early identification of malignancy has the ability to improve long term morbidity and mortality. This is certainly the case for colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), two of the commonest gastrointestinal malignancies. Both diseases are subject to screening programmes. The UK national Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) has been shown to significantly improve 5 year cancer survival by identifying colorectal cancer at an earlier stage, but also by identifying advanced, pre-malignant adenomatous disease and removing it. Screening of cirrhotic patients at risk of HCC is a bit more controversial but is recommended by national and international bodies, with some evidence to suggest an improved survival from cancer associated death. Biomarkers are currently employed in the diagnosis and patients selection process for these screening programmes, in particular alpha fetaprotein (AFP) for HCC. The sensitivity and specificity, and thus the valid application of these biomarkers has been brought in question, in the case of alpha feta protein, leading to its removal from screening protocols. Volatile organic compounds have been proposed as biomarkers for various disease processes, including gastrointestinal malignancies. They may therefore have an application in disease screening and/or monitoring. The work presented here explores volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from stool and urine, in order to detect disease specific differences that may be utilised as biomarkers for colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. It also explores the driver-passenger model of colorectal cancer and biological plausibility via the detection of volatile organic compounds emitted from cultures of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Campylobacter showae. Finally, it assesses the utility of the stool based tM2-PK assay as a marker of colorectal neoplasia in a novel secondary care cohort. Solid phase micro-extraction of headspace gas followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry was used to isolate and identify candidate volatile organic compounds. Statistical analysis, including logicistic regression modelling and 10 fold cross validation, were applied to assess biomarker utility. Analysis of VOCs emitted from stool was able to differentiate those with higher risk neoplastic disease with the greatest confidence, including established colorectal cancer. When comparing those with cancer to no neoplasia isopropyl alcohol was significantly more abundant in the colorectal cancer samples (p= < 0.0001, q=0.004), producing an AUROC curve of 0.76. When isopropyl alcohol is combined with butanoic acid, 3-methyl, the AUROC was 0.82, sensitivity 87.9% (95% CI 0.87-0.99) and specificity 84.6% (95% CI 0.65-1.0). Further logisitic regression analysis of VOC presence identified a three VOC panel (isopropyl alcohol, 2-Hexanone and butanoic acid,3-methyl-,ethyl ester) with an AUROC of 0.86: a person being 6 times more likely to have cancer if all 3 VOCs were present in their stool(p= < 0.0001). A number of the VOCs identified as important in those with colorectal neoplasia were also identified in the assessment of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Campylobacter showae, namely butanoic acid based compounds and isopropyl alcohol. VOCs emitted from urine failed to demonstrate any candidate biomarkers for colorectal neoplasia. With regards VOCs emitted from urine as biomarkers for HCC, AUROC comparing all those with and without HCC was 0.76 (Sensitivity 65% [95% CI 0.61-0.69] Specificity 74% [95% CI 0.69-0.78]). When assessing treatment naive HCC patients, 3 compounds were found to have significantly different abundance (p=<0.01), when combined and modelled these VOCs demonstrated a superior AUROC of 0.81 (Sensitivity 77% [95% CI 0.71-0.83], Specificity 75% [95% CI 0.71-0.79]). Of this treatment naive group patients defined by Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging as having early disease and therefore potentially curative, demonstrated an AUROC of 0.82. VOC emitted from stool and urine show a clear ability to act as biomarkers for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma respectively.
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Costa, Carina Filipa Pedrosa da. "Volatile exometabolone analysis of Aspergillus niger and search for molecular biomarkers pattern." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14864.

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Mestrado em Biologia Aplicada - Microbiologia Clínica e Ambiental
Fungal infections have greatly increased in risk populations, namely in immunocompromised patients, probabily because the diagnosis of fungal infections is delayed. Microbial metabolomics arises as a powerful feature screening the metabolites produced by microorganisms. It provides information regarding the state of biological organisms which can be used as a diagnostic tool for diseases through fungal metabolites pattern. Thus, this research aimed to in-depth study of the Aspergillus niger exometabolome, in order to establish a targeted metabolomic pattern that characterizes A. niger. A methodology based on headspace-solid phase microextraction combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with a high resolution time of flight analyser (HS-SPME/GC×GC-ToFMS) was used. A. niger exometabolome was analysed in different growth conditions: temperature (25 and 37 °C), incubation time (3 and 5 days), and culture medium (solid and liquid medium). A. niger exometabolome included 430 metabolites, distributed over several chemical families, being the major ones alcohols, aldehydes, esters, hydrocarbons, ketones and terpenoids. Differences among volatile metabolites produced under different growth conditions were observed, being the major relative abundance determined for 5 days of growth, at 25 °C, using solid medium. These results indicated the high complexity of A. niger exometabolome. A subset of 44 metabolites, which were present in all previously tested growth conditions, was defined as the A. niger targeted metabolomic pattern. This pattern may be used in detection of fungal infections by this specie and be further exploited to fungal infections diagnosis. Furthermore, this subset of metabolites was compared with samples of Candida albicans (yeast) and Penicillium chrysogenum (filamentous fungi), and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) was applied. The results clearly showed that this metabolites subset allowed the distinction between these microorganisms. In order to validate the PLS-DA model, permutation test was applied, and a statistically significant model for 44 metabolites was obtained with a predictive Q2 capability of 0.70 for A. niger. When the subset of compounds were reduced to 16 (obtained by Variables Importance in Projection (VIP) parameter), the obtained model had a predictive Q2 capability of 0.86 for A. niger, which was significantly higher, being more robust than the previous. The decrease of 44 to 16 metabolites, reduced the require analysis time and the conditions used were similar to the conditions used in clinical context, (solid medium, at 25 °C and ca. 1 week). However, in this study was possible to reduce the time for 3 days. In conclusion, these 44 volatile molecular biomarkers could be useful for diagnosis of fungal infections, and they can even be further exploited in clinical context.
As infeções fúngicas têm aumentado bastante em populações de risco, nomeadamente em pacientes imunocomprometidos, provavelmente devido a atrasos no diagnóstico das infeções fúngicas. A metabolómica microbiana surge como um poderoso recurso de triagem dos metabolitos produzidos por microrganismos. Esta fornece informações sobre o estado de organismos biológicos, que podem ser usados como uma ferramenta de diagnóstico para infeções fúngicas através de um padrão de metabolitos fúngicos. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar em profundidade o exometaboloma de Aspergillus niger, a fim de estabelecer um padrão metobolómico alvo que caracterize o A. niger. Foi usada uma metodologia baseada em microextração em fase sólida no espaço de cabeça combinada com cromatografia de gás bidimensional abrangente acoplada a espectrometria de massa por tempo de voo (HS-SPME / GC×GC-ToFMS). O exometaboloma de A. niger foi analisado em diferentes condições de crescimento: temperatura (25 e 37 °C), tempo de incubação (3 e 5 dias) e meio de cultura (meio sólido e líquido). O exometaboloma do A. niger incluiu 430 metabolitos, distribuídos em várias famílias químicas, sendo os mais importantes os álcoois, aldeídos, ésteres, cetonas, hidrocarbonetos e terpenos. Observaram-se diferenças entre os metabolitos voláteis produzidos em diferentes condições de crescimento, sendo a maior abundância relativa determinada para os 5 dias de crescimento, a 25 °C, utilizando meio sólido. Estes resultados indicaram a alta complexidade do exometaboloma do A. niger. Um subconjunto de 44 metabolitos, que estavam presentes em todas as condições de crescimento testadas, foi definido como um padrão metabolómico alvo para o A. niger. Este padrão pode ser usado na deteção de infeções fúngicas por esta espécie e ser futuramente explorado para diagnóstico de infeções fúngicas. Além disso, este subconjunto de metabolitos foi comparado com amostras de Candida albicans (levedura) e Penicillium chrysogenum (fungo filamentoso), e a análise discriminante com método dos mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS-DA) foi aplicada. Os resultados mostraram claramente que este subconjunto de metabolitos permitiu distinguir estes microrganismos. Para validar o modelo do PLS-DA, o teste das permutações foi aplicado, e um modelo estatísticamente significante para os 44 metabolitos foi obtido com uma capacidade preditiva Q2 de 0.70 para o A. niger. Quando o subconjunto de compostos foi reduzido para 16 (obtidos pelo parâmetro Importância da Variável na Projeção (VIP)), o modelo obtido teve uma capacidade preditiva Q2 de 0.86 para o A. niger, que foi significantemente superior, sendo mais robusto que o anterior. A diminuição de 44 para 16 metabolitos, reduziu o tempo de análise necessário e as condições utilizadas foram semelhantes às condições utilizadas em contexto clínico, (meio sólido e 25 °C e aproximadamente 1 semana). No entanto, neste estudo, foi possível reduzir o tempo para 3 dias. Em conclusão, estes 44 biomarcadores moleculares voláteis poderão ser úteis para o diagnóstico de infeções fúngicas, e podem ser explorados em contexto clínico.
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Ahmed, Iftikhar. "Diagnostic potential of volatile organic compounds as faecal biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555660.

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Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, remitting and relapsing disease of the gastrointestinal tract, the aetiology of which remains elusive. Diagnosis of IBD requires complex and invasive procedures. Endoscopy and histology of biopsy specimens remain the current "gold standard" for detecting and quantifying bowel inflammation. Due to similarity of symptoms of IBD and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), invasive procedures are used excessively to differentiate the two conditions which have significant safety and economical implications. Currently available non-invasive serological markers (such as CRP and ESR) are unreliable due to their poor correlation with clinical and endoscopic findings. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are chemicals, which may be emitted from faeces, and other bodily fluids, and are responsible for their characteristic odours. Historically, changes in the smell of human excreta may be assigned to various illnesses; so understanding these changes in the smell by identifying its volatile signature can be of diagnostic value. Objective: To evaluate the faecal VOCs in the diagnosis of IBD and compare them with those from the patients with I BS and healthy controls Method: We studied samples from 356 individuals, 30 with diarrhoea predominant IBS, 217 with IBD (Crohn's disease=117, ulcerative colitis=100), and 109 healthy individuals. Faecal volatile were extracted using SPME (solid phase micro-extraction) technique and were analysed by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometery). VOCs were identified using the NIST (National Institute of Science and Technology) library and manual visualization using the fragmentation pattern when appropriate. Results: From the 350 VOCs identified in these experiments, univariate analysis was used to identify those VOCs, which were statistically significant (p< 0.05) in discriminating between the groups. A forward stepwise discriminant function analysis was used to develop a predictive model, which showed significant value in separating active IBD cases from those with disease in remission, IBS and healthy controls (p<0.05). The model was able to differentiate active CD from inactive CD and from healthy controls. Similarly the model was able to differentiate active UC from inactive UC and healthy controls. The model also showed statistically significant value in discriminating IBS from active IBD and healthy controls. On cross-validation, the model remained stable: 90% of patients were correctly diagnosed. This model has overall sensitivity of 90% and specificity 80%. Conclusion: These results show that VOCs analysis has the potential to provide a non- invasive means of diagnosing IBD, monitoring the disease activity and to differentiate it from IBS. This technique is fast and convenient and opens up a promising area for use as a non- invasive diagnostic tool with advantages of providing a much-needed, reliable, real-time and point of care diagnosis and monitoring of various gastrointestinal disorders.
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Turner, Matthew A. "Boundaries in volatile organic compounds in human breath." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/20274.

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Exhaled breath is a rich and complex matrix containing many hundreds of compounds. Every breath offers the potential of a non-invasive measurement of the biochemical processes occurring in the human body and it is this notion that has led to the application of breath analysis for the detection of disease. With the majority of research in the field being focused on the detection of biomarkers, little has been presented on how the seemingly homeostatic matrix of breath varies during the course of normal life events. The research in this thesis describes how a subject's emotional state, physical state, and daily activities can alter the composition of exhaled breath.
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Jayasena, Demuni Hiruni. "Diagnostic potential of volatile organic compounds and lactoferrin as biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617931.

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and lactoferrin have been studied as potential faecal biomarkers for ISO. Changes in VOC patterns in stool reflect both physiological and pathological processes within the gut. Lactoferrin, a protein present in neutrophils can be quantified in stool. This thesis studies the potential and efficacy of both urine and faecal VOCs and the efficacy of lactoferrin in differentiating ISO from ISS and healthy controls. CD was best differentiated from those with IBS by presence or absence of urine VOCs when compared to UC. Active UC versus IBS comparison, using the presence or absence of urine VOCs, yielded a higher sensitivity and specificity than when inactive UC was compared with ISS (Inactive UC vs ISS: 54.2%, 30.4% and Active uC vs IBS: 86%, 77% respectively). Active and inactive UC comparisons with IBS groups, based on peak area, resulted in significant urine VOCs with high sensitivity but moderate specificity (Inactive UC vs ISS: 83%, 52% and Active UC vs ISS: 100%, 78% respectively). Moderate sensitivity and specificity were recorded for faecal VOCs with comparisons based on peak area measures for inactive CD versus IBS (67%; 77%) and inactive UC versus ISS (100%; 59%). Faecal vacs in the active CD and ISS comparison recorded the be.st sensitivity and specificity (92%; 74%). Faecal vac profiles were better than urine for the group separation of active disease. Correct classification was much improved with peak area measure than the presence or absence of volatiles: Lactoferrin levels were considerably higher in 180 patients than those with IBS, while in IBS and healthy controls were similar. Lactoferrin levels were lower in inactive UC when compared with active UC. No such statistical difference was noted when active and inactive CD were compared. Lactoferrin levels in inactive IBD groups were higher compared to the healthy controls. Faecal and urinary biomarkers have potential to enhance management of patients with IBS and IBD.
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Schmidt, K. "In vitro analysis of volatile organic compounds in search of potential biomarkers of lung cancer." Thesis, University of Salford, 2016. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/40237/.

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Lung cancer is a leading cause of death from cancer worldwide. An early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial in reducing mortality among people suffering from the disease. Therefore, one of the main focuses of lung cancer studies is on advances in its early detection. One of the most promising is the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOCs are a diverse group of carbon-based chemicals that are present in exhaled breath and biofluids, and may be collected from the headspace of these matrices. Different patterns of VOCs have been correlated with various diseases, cancer among them. Studies have shown that various cancer cells in vitro produce or consume specific VOCs that can serve as potential biomarkers to differentiate them from non-cancer cells. The present study aimed at the detection, identification and semi-quantification of VOCs released or consumed by the adenocarcinoma human alveolar A549 cell line. For this purpose, gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection was combined with two pre-concentration techniques: monolithic material sorptive extraction (MMSE) or extraction of thermal desorption (TD) sorbent tubes with an Easy-VOCTM pump as a sample loading tool. MMSE is a new technique for the extraction of VOCs from various samples and it is used for the first time for the analysis of VOCs from cell culture medium. TD-GC-MS is a popular technique for VOCs analysis and it has been used for the first time here with Bio-VOCTM pump in the studies of VOCs in vitro. The project also aimed at the comparison of the A549 VOC level trends to the trends of the normal human lung fibroblasts NHLF (MMSE experiment) and normal human bronchial BEAS-2B cells (TD experiment). In addition, the VOC patterns between the growing and confluent cells of the same cell line were compared for the first time. In the MMSE experiment, seven VOCs were produced and 14 VOCs metabolised exclusively by the cancer cells. Among the released compounds were methylated hydrocarbons (2,4-dimethyl-1-heptene; 4-methylundecane; 2,3,6,7-tetramethyloctane 2,3,5-trimethylhexane and 2,3,5-trimethyldecane) and alcohols (cyclohexanol and 3- heptanol). The metabolised analytes were alcohols (4-decanol; 6-dodecanol; 2- ethylhexanol; 1-octanol), aldehydes (dodecanal; tetradecanal), ketones (acetophenone; cyclohexanone; 2-tetradecanone), phenols (phenol and 2-nitrophenol); an ether (2-methoxydiphenylmethane), an ester (pentanoic acid, 2,4-dimethyl-3-oxo-, methyl ester) and a hydrocarbon (tetradecane). 2,4-Dimethylheptane; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-1,4- benzoquinone; 1-phenylethanol and 2-pentadecanone were released by both A549 and NHLF cell lines. The cancer cells were observed, however, to emit the VOCs at a higher level than the fibroblasts. Benzaldehyde; 2-ethylhexanol; hexanal and 1-nonanol were found to be consumed by both the cancer and NHLF cells, however, at a greater rate by the former. In the TD experiment, 2,3,5-trimethylhexane and tert-butanol were produced exclusively by the A549 cells, while ethyl acetate solely by the BEAS-2B cells. Acetophenone, benzaldehyde and 2-methylbutanal were metabolised and acetone was produced at higher levels by the cancer cells than by the BEAS-2B cells. The possible use of the analysed VOCs as potential biomarkers of lung cancer is discussed, along with the suggestion and discussion of the possible metabolic pathways leading to the uptake and release of these VOCs by the analysed cells. Also the discussion of poor correlation between different in vitro studies, as well as between in vivo and in vitro studies of VOCs as potential biomarkers of cancer, is undertaken.
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Chippendale, Thomas W. E. "Volatile biomarkers emitted by cell cultures : headspace analysis using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT-MS." Thesis, Keele University, 2012. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/3724/.

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The work presented in this thesis was initiated in order to develop a non-invasive real-time gas phase analytical technique, based on selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS), for monitoring the progression of human cell cultures and the detection of microbial contamination in such cultures by monitoring and quantifying the emitted volatile compounds. Fundamental SIFT experiments were performed to characterise the reactions of the SIFT-MS precursor ions (H3O+, NO+ and O2 +●) with several volatile compounds of potential value to biological research; a necessity for their quantification. The work has resulted in new methods for the quantification acetaldehyde and CO2 in gaseous samples. The compounds present in the headspace of sealed cultures of six human cell types were analysed by SIFT-MS, the key finding being their consumption of the toxic volatile compound acetaldehyde from the media. Further experiments involved the addition of the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors diethylaminobenzaldehyde and disulfiram to cultures of hepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) cells, when it was observed that consumption of acetaldehyde from the cultures/headspace was reduced, and in some cases, acetaldehyde was even produced due to the actions of the cellular alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme. Furthermore, the solvent dimethylsulphoxide was reduced to imethylsulphide by the cells, which is known to occur via the enzyme methionine sulphoxide reductase. This process was retarded by the ALDH inhibitors. The use of SIFT-MS for the detection of microbial infection in mammalian cell cultures was also explored. The volatile compounds emitted by E. coli (strain JM109), into the gas phase above two different culture media, were analysed using SIFT-MS. Further, the progression of a culture of this bacterium was monitored continuously over a 4-hour period. The findings of this research were then applied to the study of human cell cultures intentionally infected by E. coli bacterium, including cultures contained in a 1L bioreactor.
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Colόn, Crespo Lauren J. "Determination of Human Scent Biomarkers for Race, Ethnicity and Gender." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2442.

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Human scent has been the focal point of diverse scientific interests and research initiatives for the past several years. The knowledge gained about its composition has favored the advancement of multiple disciplines, and promoted the development of a wide variety of applications. Among these applications is the use of human scent as a resource for Forensic investigations, where scent profiles are often used as evidence to associate individuals to the scene of a crime. The characteristic nature of individual human scent has enabled this type of evidence to be used as a biometric tool for the differentiation of subjects. Nevertheless, the present study discusses a new perspective towards human scent's role and application in Forensic investigations. The foundation of this new perspective consists of employing human scent’s biometric quality to classify individuals using common traits. In this research study, underarm and hand odor samples were collected from Caucasian, Hispanic and East Asian individuals, of both genders. Subjects were also organized into 3 different age groups: 18-30, 35-50 and 55+ years. Headspace Solid Phase Micro-extraction Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to create individual scent profiles for the evaluation of subject classification by age, gender and race/ethnicity. Individual classification was assessed through the identification of qualitative and quantitative patterns in the volatile organic compound (VOC) constituents that characterize human scent. Principal Component and Linear Discriminant analyses of the collected scent profiles, led to the identification and validation of characteristic VOC marker combinations for age, gender and race/ethnicity. Statistical analysis facilitated group classification and differentiation on the basis of these traits. Moreover, this study also evaluated the use of solvent extraction as a complementary technique to HS-SPME for human scent analysis. Findings from this assessment revealed that the simultaneous consideration of data from both extraction techniques favors an enhancement of the classification of subjects by means of human scent. The discoveries achieved in this study represent a significant step for human scent as a forensic tool. The outcome of this research has cleared a new path for further human scent investigation, and highlighted its further relevance to forensic applications.
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Books on the topic "Volatile Biomarkers"

1

Haick, Hossam, ed. Volatile Biomarkers for Human Health. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839166990.

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Volatile Biomarkers. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2012-0-01274-4.

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David, Smith, and Anton Amann. Volatile Biomarkers: Non-Invasive Diagnosis in Physiology and Medicine. Elsevier, 2013.

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Davis, Cristina, and Jonathan Beauchamp. Volatile Biomarkers: Non-Invasive Diagnosis in Physiology and Medicine. Elsevier, 2013.

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Haick, Hossam. Volatile Biomarkers for Human Health: From Nature to Artificial Senses. Royal Society of Chemistry, The, 2022.

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Drabińska, Natalia, and Ben de Lacy Costello, eds. Recent Advances in Volatile Organic Compound Analysis as Diagnostic Biomarkers. MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-0365-5349-8.

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Haick, Hossam. Volatile Biomarkers for Human Health: From Nature to Artificial Senses. Royal Society of Chemistry, The, 2022.

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Haick, Hossam. Volatile Biomarkers for Human Health: From Nature to Artificial Senses. Royal Society of Chemistry, The, 2022.

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Davis, Cristina, Jonathan Beauchamp, and Joachim Pleil. Breathborne Biomarkers and the Human Volatilome. Elsevier, 2020.

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Davis, Cristina, Jonathan Beauchamp, and Joachim Pleil. Breathborne Biomarkers and the Human Volatilome. Elsevier, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "Volatile Biomarkers"

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Mochalski, P., C. A. Mayhew, D. Slefarska, and K. Unterkofler. "Chapter 3. Blood VOC Biomarkers." In Volatile Biomarkers for Human Health, 39–60. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839166990-00039.

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Haick, Hossam. "Chapter 25. Volatile Biomarkers in Clinical Decision Support Systems." In Volatile Biomarkers for Human Health, 472–81. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839166990-00472.

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Rodriguez-Esquivel, Miriam, Alejandra Flores-Valdivia, Emmanuel Salcedo, María de Jesús Nambo-Lucio, and Mauricio Salcedo. "Chapter 8. Origin and Emission of Volatile Biomarkers from Genital Fluid." In Volatile Biomarkers for Human Health, 134–51. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839166990-00134.

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Marco, Santiago. "Chapter 24. Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence." In Volatile Biomarkers for Human Health, 454–71. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839166990-00454.

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Taunk, Khushman, Bhargab Kalita, Anup Tamhankar, Tufan Naiya, and Srikanth Rapole. "Chapter 5. Origin and Emission of Volatile Biomarkers from Urine." In Volatile Biomarkers for Human Health, 87–99. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839166990-00087.

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Slater, R., O. Farrow, M. George, and C. S. Probert. "Chapter 4. Origin and Emission of Volatile Biomarkers from Feces." In Volatile Biomarkers for Human Health, 61–86. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839166990-00061.

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Abe, Owen O., Fateh Mikaeili, Lisheng Wang, and Pelagia-Irene Gouma. "Chapter 18. Selective Sensors for Volatile Biomarkers." In Volatile Biomarkers for Human Health, 347–63. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839166990-00347.

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King, J., P. Mochalski, C. A. Mayhew, and K. Unterkofler. "Chapter 12. Interplay Between Volatile Biomarkers and Body Fluids." In Volatile Biomarkers for Human Health, 197–218. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839166990-00197.

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Vishinkin, Rotem, and Hossam Haick. "Chapter 7. Origin and Emission of Volatile Biomarkers in Skin." In Volatile Biomarkers for Human Health, 120–33. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839166990-00120.

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Broza, Yoav Y. "Chapter 14. Engineering Volatile Biomarkers for Disease Detection." In Volatile Biomarkers for Human Health, 232–46. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839166990-00232.

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Conference papers on the topic "Volatile Biomarkers"

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Kallingal, Nithusha, Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni, Issam Bahadur, Huseyin Cagatay Yalcin, Asiya Al-Busaidi, Hassen M. Ouakad, and Somaya Al-Maadeed. "Colorimetry-based Detection of Exhaled Breath Biomarkers for Predicting Heart Failure." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0077.

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The exhaled breath volatile organic compounds (VOC’s) represent a biosignature with the potential to identify and describe heart failure diseases. Exhaled Breath biomarkers-based diagnosis of heart diseases may be easier and earlier detection than other available techniques. So, this is a review of combining both exhaled breath analysis with cost effective colorimetry technology to detect biomarkers for heart failure diseases. We also studied the effectiveness of biomarker trimethyl amine for cardiovascular diseases detection.
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Haick, H., and Perena Gouma. "A Nanosensor Array for Detecting Volatile Biomarkers of Cancer." In OLFACTION AND ELECTRONIC NOSE: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON OLFACTION AND ELECTRONIC NOSE. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3626289.

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Ibrahim, Baharudin, Maria Basanta, Rachel Dockry, Ruth Tal-Singer, David Douce, Ashley A. Woodcock, Dave Singh, and Stephen J. Fowler. "Exhaled Volatile Organic Compounds As Potential Biomarkers In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a1012.

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Choden, Phuntsho, Thara Seesaard, Tanthip Eamsa-ard, Chutintorn Sriphrapradang, and Teerakiat Kerdcharoen. "Volatile urine biomarkers detection in type II diabetes towards use as smart healthcare application." In 2017 9th International Conference on Knowledge and Smart Technology (KST). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/kst.2017.7886086.

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Widlak, Monika, Matthew Neal, Emma Daulton, Claire Thomas, Claudia Tomkins, Baljit Singh, Chris Harmston, et al. "PTU-071 Risk stratification of symptomatic patients using faecal biomarkers and urinary volatile organic compounds." In British Society of Gastroenterology, Annual General Meeting, 4–7 June 2018, Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-bsgabstracts.412.

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Yu, Jin, Di Wang, Le Wang, Ping Wang, Yanjie Hu, Kejing Ying, Matteo Pardo, and Giorgio Sberveglieri. "Detection of Lung Cancer with Volatile Organic Biomarkers in Exhaled Breath and Lung Cancer Cells." In OLFACTION AND ELECTRONIC NOSE: Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3156506.

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Haick, H., O. Barash, M. Hakim, U. Tisch, Radu Ionescu, Paul A. Bunn, Jane Mattei, et al. "7.1.1 Invited: Chemical Nanoarrays for Early Detection and Screening of Lung Cancer via Volatile Biomarkers." In 14th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors - IMCS 2012. AMA Service GmbH, Von-Münchhausen-Str. 49, 31515 Wunstorf, Germany, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5162/imcs2012/7.1.1.

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Assad, Ossama, and Hossam Haick. "Chemically sensitive Field Effect Transistors of oxide-free silicon nanowires - towards detection of volatile biomarkers of cancer." In 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isie.2008.4676961.

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Graff, S., D. Zanella, P. H. Stefanuto, K. Bessonov, M. Henket, V. Paulus, F. Guissard, et al. "Lung Function (FEV1) Decline and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Are VOCs Good Biomarkers for Lung Function Decline?" In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a1313.

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Kim, Younghwan, Jason Young, David C. Robinson, Greg Jones, Mano Misra, and Swomitra K. Mohanty. "Titanium dioxide nanotube based sensing platform for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis volatile biomarkers methyl nicotinate and p-anisate." In 2015 2nd International Symposium on Physics and Technology of Sensors (ISPTS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ispts.2015.7220138.

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Reports on the topic "Volatile Biomarkers"

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Frank, Matthias. Elucidating algal-bacterial community interactions by tracking volatile biomarkers (Final Report). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1617565.

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Grigsby, Claude C., Ryan M. Kramer, Michael A. Zmuda, Derek W. Boone, Tyler C. Highlander, and Mateen M. Rizki. Differential Profiling of Volatile Organic Compound Biomarker Signatures Utilizing a Logical Statistical Filter-Set and Novel Hybrid Evolutionary Classifiers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada562341.

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