Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Voix – Modèles mathématiques'
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Hézard, Thomas. "Production de la voix : exploration, modèles et analyse/synthèse." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933070.
Full textOuni, Slim. "Modélisation de l'espace articulatoire par un codebook hypercubique pour l'inversion acoustico-articulatoire." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10210.
Full textPrivat, Régis. "Adaptation dynamique des stratégies de dialogue aux usagers : application aux personnes âgées." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30241.
Full textThis thesis deals with the adaptation of dialogue strategies in interactive voice systems and aims at taking into account age-related disabilities. Our work focuses on: The study of the utility / usability of oral input for the elderly; The assessment of a running dialogue performance; The definition of adapted dialogue strategies through the study of man-machine dialogue corpora. This work has led us to design experimental scenarios (subjects, supports, parameters), in order to build up objects of study (including the oral input and the dialogue strategies) and to assess their performances (utility, usability). In order to this, we have also developed components allowing us to test these dialogue strategies within a test platform
Wane, Waly. "Taxation optimale dans un contexte de pauvreté, fraude fiscale ou corruption." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10026.
Full textThis thesis tackles three important problems for the developing world, namely poverty, tax evasion and corruption. The thesis is organized around three distinct chapters. The first chapter introduces poverty concerns in a mirrleesian optimum income taxation framework. Poverty, measured by any given index, is considered as an aggregate negative externality. Individuals may have different degrees of aversion to poverty. The optimal non-linear income tax schedule displays interesting features as the negative marginal tax rates (at least) at the lower end of the distribution of incomes. The poor are therefore induced to work hard in order to reduce the burden supported by the rest of the society for poverty alleviation. Even with negative marginal tax rates it is still possible to restore the classical no distortion at the endpoints result. One must then no longer consider individual but social distortions. The second chapter introduces tax evasion by assuming that income is observable only through a costly audit. The study is done within the finite economy framework which allows correlated individuals' characteristics. It is possible to show that any first best allocation is implementable by using a generalized tax schedule a la piketty (1993) with a generalized audit strategy. However, only a subset of the first best pareto frontier is implementable by replacing the generalized tax schedule by a classical one. In contrast to the tax evasion literature, at the equilibrium, nobody is audited and everybody except the most able evades some amount. Finally, corruption is dealt with in the last chapter. The problem at hand is one of a tax agency which objective is to maximize tax revenue. The agency needs to hire inspectors in order to collect the citizens' tax liabilities. The inspectors have to exert a costly and unobservable effort to assess the true income of any citizen. This introduces a moral hazard problem. There is an adverse selection problem on top of that since inspectors are either honest or corruptible and this is private information. An optimal remuneration scheme can be such that no honest inspector is hired
Abdouni, Abdejabbarl. "Ouverture et croissance économique dans les pays en voie de développement : Contribution théorique et identification des liens empiriques à l'aide de l'économétrie des données de panel." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX24013.
Full textRegnier, Lise. "Localization, Characterization and Recognition of Singing Voices." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00687475.
Full textBelkhodja, Merzak. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation du procédé d'oxydation par voie humide : application au traitement des boues d'épuration." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECAP0679.
Full textAfriad, Mustapha. "Développement de modèles d’essieu ferroviaire en interaction dynamique avec la voie." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2453.
Full textMultibody models for the study of the vehicle-track interaction used by railway companies consider mainly rigid components. These models are characterized by small number of degrees of freedom allowing real time calculations in low frequency ranges, but these models do not properly estimate real interaction forces because of the strong hypothesis of the components rigidity. These models need to be improved by taking into account the components flexibilities by coupling finite elements analysis with multibody dynamics simulations. The main objective of this study is to develop the multibody models of a railway vehicle and track with flexible wheelsets and flexible rails in order to improve the prediction of vehicle-track interaction forces. Finite element models of wheelset and track are developed and reduced using model reduction methods to reduce their number of degrees of freedom before their integration in the multibody models. Different configurations of vehicle and track models with flexible wheelsets and flexible rails are considered to evaluate the effect of components flexibilities on the contact forces. The first models are made of flexible wheelsets rolling on a perfect track with rigid rails in alignment and curve without irregularities. Then, these models are improved by integration of flexible rails and excitations involved by the rail and the wheel irregularities (rail corrugation, wheel flat and rail joint)
Fevrier, Sylvie. "Modélisation de la liaison entre croissance, énergie et développement dans les pays en voie de développement : application à l'Indonésie." Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOE006.
Full textRevel, Philippe. "Modélisation mathématique des voies aériennes supérieures à partir d'une étude anthropométrique : incidence des facteurs de variation morphologique." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR23067.
Full textBoyé, François. "Pour une modélisation macroéconomique du sous-développement." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100087.
Full textTran-Minh, Anh-Kiet. "Conversion catalytique de dérivés de l'huile de colza : une nouvelle voie de valorisation chimique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL002N.
Full textBeaujois, Rémy. "Motifs de régulation et dynamique de la voie Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase lors de la transition G2/M des ovocytes de Xénope." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10150/document.
Full textDuring G2/M transition in Xenopus oocyte, p39Mos-MEK1-MAPK cascacade harbors specific dynamic and physical properties, such as ultrasensitivity, bistability, irreversibility, and all-or-none responses. These properties are generally considered in the context of the positive feedback loop that embeds the p39Mos-MEK1-MAPK pathway architecture. The objective of this work was focused onto p39Mos oncoprotein and regulation motifs recruitment enabling together the generation of such properties. Both experimental and in silico approaches were undertaken in order to yield a realistic modelisation, physically and biologically relevant for this network. We developed a model that takes into account the influence of MPF onto p39Mos accumulation, and adjusts the role of the positive feedback loop. Also, we were able to show that p90Rsk, target of MAPK, was degraded. This signaling pathway was activated in the absence of p39Mos. Our results show that 1,10 Phénanthroline monohydrate (1,10-PA) is able to induce gradual and ultrasensitive MAPK activation. 1,10-PA action is then exerted in the absence of protein synthesis and positive feedback loop. In this context, a feed forward loop model can be considered, and phosphatase inhibitors were used for MAPK activation in the absence of p39Mos. Our results confront the role attributed to the positive feedback loop in MAPK activation, and show that this ultrasensitive response may be generated in vivo through feed forward regulation motifs
Rougier, Éric. "Les interactions entre la croissance économique et la croissance démographique dans les pays en développement : théorie, méthodes et analyses empiriques." Bordeaux 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR40028.
Full textThat work is aimed at linking population and economic growth firstly on a traditional one way framework, and then on a multivariate analysis framework giving emphasis on dynamic interactions between the strategic variables. The whole thesis is built on both these perspectives. It suggests a way of renewing the population-economics question. The malthusian and neo-classical traditional foundations are first challenged. The approach of interactions between population and economic growth is then modelised in the original framework of endogeneous growth models, endogenizing population growth. The welfare effects of population growth are then no longer necessarily adverse. In some cases, rapid population growth can even stimulate economic progress. That theoretical model is also estimated on panel data from developing countries. Most of the theoretical hypothesis are then proved relevant. The results are able to renew the traditional pictures about the economic consequences of rapid population growth. That analysis is finally of significance for the definition of population policy and economic development strategies
Huc, Sylvie. "L'incidence des politiques d'ajustement structurel sur l'investissement en capital humain dans les pays en voie de développement." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010026.
Full textRusso, Christophe. "Dynamique et modularité de la voie Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase dans les ovocytes de Xénope : modélisation et approches expérimentales." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10109/document.
Full textThe scientific context of this thesis is based on the study of the signaling pathway Mos-MEK-MAPK in Xenopus laevis ovocytes during the G2/M transition of the cell cycle. An interdisciplinary approach from the biological and physical sciences led us to an experimental and theoretical analysis of the pathway. A bibliographical study identified the key articles related to this field. The articles of Huang, Ferrell (1998) and Angeli et al. (2004) gave us a theoretical basis to describe the interactions within the pathway. A critical analysis of the latter paper has been performed by means of an analytical solution of the differential equations defining the model proposed by Angeli and colleagues. Thus, the importance of the kinetic formulation type and the choice of the mathematical terms of the equations has been underlined ; especially in regard to the time variation of the Mos protein. Moreover, we have proposed an interpretation of the Mos-MEK-MAPK cascade behavior via an analytical approach within the context of the experimental parameter values given by Angeli. In addition, new results regarding to the long time evolution of Mos protein have been recovered when the ovocytes are stimulated with progesterone in presence of MEK inhibitor U0126. Furthermore, ovocytes of Xenopus laevis were stimulated by MPF in presence or absence of U0126. Western blot analysis gave information about the time evolution of Mos accumulation and the states of MEK, MAPK and cyclin B2 phosphorylation. Data showed the importance of MPF in Mos accumulation. In absence of MAPK, MPF is produced and plays an important role in the initiation of the signaling pathway. In contrast to other models, our model has been proposed to take into account three forms of the Mos protein : an unstable inactive state, an unstable active state and a stable active state. The model considers the influence of either MPF and MAPK on the accumulation of the active stable of Mos. The influence of MPF has never been used in previous model of the Mos-MEK-MAPK signaling pathway. Our model is based on a biological and physical point of view. The parametrization of the model is based on : (1) experimental values found in literature, (2) arbitrary values constraints by the known system behavior, (3) theoretical estimations from interval of experimental values. Bifurcation analysis of the system indicated the influence of the parameters values on the system behavior and equilibrium states. This approach produces a prediction for the behavior of the cascade in function of the MPF concentration value. It produces also a discussion for the strength of the interactions between MAPK and the active non-stable form of Mos protein. Simulation results from our model were compared with the experimental observations from our experiments. A good qualitative agreement was found
Mounet, Catherine. "Rapprochement des richesses par tête : Convergence ou rattrapage ?" Université de Limoges, 2001. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/1890db15-d751-4bd1-be49-3e790e41963d/blobholder:0/2001LIMO0487.pdf.
Full textMilpied, Paola. "Discrimination des rythmes cardiaques dans un défibrillateur implantable de type simple chambre par des méthodes d'apprentissage statistique." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00565844.
Full textHerrera, Rémy. "Dépenses publiques et croissance de long terme : approches théoriques et empiriques appliquées à l'économie du développement." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010046.
Full textThis thesis investigates, from a theoretical and empirical point of view, the effects of productive and nonproductive public expenditure on long-run growth. A case study is proposed for India and Pakistan. First, public and private capital productive contributions to growth are studied on a panel data set (29 developing countries, 1980-91), by estimating a simultaneous equation model explaining the GDP as well as public and private capital formation. After that, the factor marginal productivities and externalities from public sectors (education-health, infrastructure, consumption) are econometrically examined on Indian and Pakistani time series data (1960-93). The dynamic effects of productive public expenditure on growth are then analyzed in the framework of a dynamized general equilibrium model (calibrated and simulated), whose originality is to produce endogenous growth through human capital accumulation in the education public sector, with a convex axiomatic (i. E a constant returns to scale macroeconomic production function with regard to reproducible and non-reproducible factors, thanks to a hypothesis of substituability between skilled and nonskilled labor). The focus is then concentrated on the role of non-productive public expenditure (consumption, defense). A time series study analyses the influence of military spending on other budgetary and fiscal variables (expenditures and revenues), using a simultaneous equation model integrating direct and indirect effects (on the central and local budgets, with budgetary federalism). Finally, an endogenous growth model, with military spending, is simulated in a new analytical perspective, both economic (growth and welfare) and strategic (game theory, with three actors: India, Pakistan, China). This work aims at explaining some of the prerequisites to development, among which the rebalancing of the budger structure between productive and non-productive expenditure,and investment in human capital
Martiré, Thierry. "Système photovoltai͏̈que modulaire pour pompage sur sites profonds." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20179.
Full textFetita, Catalin Iulian. "Analyse morphofonctionnelle des voies aériennes en TDM spiralée volumique." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA055021.
Full textRobilliard, Anne-Sophie. "Trois outils pour l'étude d'une économie agricole pauvre : microéconométrie, modèle d'équilibre général calculable et microsimulaton appliqués à Madagascar." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010023.
Full textTohon, Bignon Aurelas. "Sécurité alimentaire dans les pays en développement et émergents : une analyse des effets des politiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70372.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to explore the impact of trade and agricultural support policies on food security. It focuses on developing and emerging countries, taking into account the importance of the agricultural sector in these countries. Trade and agricultural support policies in these countries tend to be quite varied and this variety could translate into food security outcomes. We are interested in whether and to what extent the temporal variability of the above policies would affect food availability or food import dependence. To do so, we use theoretical and empirical literature and test models of empirical analysis. In Chapter 1, we review the concept of food security and its measurement tools. While several definitions of food security are proposed, the idea in this chapter is to identify simple instruments on which national and international policy action could focus for setting food security objectives in developing countries. Our analysis suggests a plurality of instruments, evolving according to the angles or dimensions of analysis of food security. Among them, we distinguish between measures of food availability and measures of dependence on food imports, which we use as measures or indicators of food security in this work. In Chapter 2, we reviewed the literature on the relationship between trade policies and the dimensions of food security on the one hand, and between agricultural support measures and the dimensions and/or indicators of food security on the other. While in the first case we concluded that agricultural production is important in the analysis of such a relationship, in the second case we found that, given the variety of agricultural support measures, the complexity of calculating a single agricultural support indicator and the classification of measures with regard to the distortions they could create, their effect on food security would vary. These different developments have made it possible to propose different channels through which these two types of policies would affect food security. In Chapter 3, we empirically tested the impact of trade openness on food availability using a multi-stage modeling approach. Our results show that trade openness and production have a positive effect on food availability. However, the effect of the interaction between these two variables is not significant. While our results also confirm the importance of agricultural inputs, output levels in other sectors of the economy, and producer price volatility in agricultural production outcomes, they also reveal, in addition to traditional factors, the role of economic freedoms in trade openness decisions. Finally, in Chapter 4, we empirically tested the impact of agricultural support measures on food import dependence in developing and emerging countries using a continuous treatment model and the estimation of a dose-response function with endogeneity. Our results suggest variable effects depending on the intensity of agricultural support. Our results also confirm the role of consumer spending, population size and agricultural production levels in food imports to these countries.
Luong, Thai Bao. "Croissance, technologies, capital humain, et taux de change dans les pays en développement." Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA131023.
Full textWe concentrate on understanding the growth process for developing countries. This work is divided into two aspects. First, we study an optional growth model to show the optimal share of physical, new technology and human capital for a developing countries. We then study the role of exportation on growth with emphasis on equilibrium exchange rate by using a partial general equilibrium model. In the last part, we use the FEER approach to examine the equilibrium exchange rates and exchange rate policies of two developing countries China and Vietnam
Foto, Bienvenu Armand Éric. "Elaboration d'un pilote de filtration horizontale pour la potabilisation de l'eau dans les pays en voie de développement : aspects (bio) physico-chimiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10006/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis concerned the elaboration of a horizontal flow filtration pilot in Central African Republic because of a lack of potable waters in this country. In the conception of this pilot, treatment processes which should be chosen for riverine water purification, have to be low energy cost and easy to be implemented. Taking into account these considerations, we decided to employ the low-filtration method with the sand as the adsorbent. Indeed, this latter is known to behave as a natural adsorbent through hydrogeological processes in sols. After itemizing pluviometric data. it was shown that ground-waters possessed good water quality, whereas aquifers in low depths were found to be instead contaminated. A pilot was built by respecting the recommendations established by Eaux de Paris located at Bangui Performances and quality of treated waters were followed up, and the data obtained during the running were found to be in good accordance first with potable-water criteria with a water production of 400L/h and second with water-quality norms which were usually recommended for a raw water before its chlorination. Modelisation tests on the transit of water in the pilot were carried out using MODFLOW. For model calibration, it was used the dye Fluorescein as a tracer. The adsorption properties of sand in this pilot were studied owing to the combined use of the techniques:SEM/EDS;BET;ICP-AES;CHNS;UV/visible. In comparison with the starting sand used in the construction of the pilot, all the data showed clearly that the adsorption capacity of this sand increases with time owing to surface modifications and clays and iron oxides / hydroxides depositions in cracks
Mulyono, Karyanto Edi. "Polymérisation par voie radicalaire en masse et en émulsion du méthacrylate de méthyle : modélisation cinétique : suivi des procédés à l'aide de sondes moléculaires fluorescentes." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL139N.
Full textFaton, Elfried. "Three essays in labor economics and the economics of networks." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36239.
Full textCoutu, Arnaud. "Conception de réacteurs de laboratoire et développement d’approches numériques pour l’optimisation du procédé de méthanisation en voie solide et discontinu : plans d’expériences mixtes et bootstrapping, modélisation couplée hydrodynamique et biochimique." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2616.
Full textThis work aims to provide innovative solutions and perspectives to the current research work on solid state anaerobic digestion, using digital tools. The deliverables of this study are organized into a “digital toolbox” for engineers and researchers. Like the worker’s toolbox, this solution consists of several sections representing the three main digital applications for anaerobic digestion: optimization, hydrodynamics and modeling. Each part is linked with others to build a systemic approach identifying exchanges between them in order to form a complete solution exceeding the sum of its parts. This work was carried out around two substrates: straw cattle manure and damp grass. It was however designed to be transposed to any substrates. The first step in this work was the reactors and gas counters conception to perform each of these steps at lower cost. This equipment was computer-aided designed after the characteristics were determined by calculation. The second step was to determine a different approach from experimental designs to increase the optimization efficiency using this tool. This method allows tooptimize both the composition of each substrate and the different operating parameters values in a single experimental design combining factor design and mix design. The bootstrapping tool is also used to minimize the number of experiments while maintaining the results significance. In this study, the two substrates composition and two operating parameters were studied to maximize methane yield. The two substrates were cattle manure and damp grass, and the two studied parameters were immersion of the substrates and recirculation frequency of the liquid phase. The percolation is also a study subject: what is the purpose of optimizing the operating parameters if the liquid phase cannot percolate within the solid part? Therefore, the third step of this work is to study the liquid phase flow within the solid part under codigestion conditions according to its composition and stratification. This step allows to provide the flow characteristic parameter to propose a new stratification approach and to highlight the codigestion effect on the microporosity and macroporosity evolution. Finally, the microporosity and macroporosity evolution impact on biology was modeled in a single substrate model to provide an understanding tool and a first work step on a prediction tool integrating these phenomena. The whole study allows to optimize the operating parameters, to ensure the functional aspect of an experiment and bring forward an understanding model of porosities evolution. It is not a definitive solution but a solution to substantiate, just as the toolbox is continuously renewed in innovative and more efficient tools
Yapaudjian-Thibaut, Anne. "Commerce Nord-Sud et inégalités : une évaluation en équilibre général calculable." Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU2002.
Full textIn the industrialised countries, in the 1980s, the rise in wage inequality and unemployment takes place in a context of intensified competition and development of trade flows. The objective of thesis is to examine the linkage between globalisation and labour market. Within the framework of North-South relations, we will focus more precisely on the distributive conflict generated by an exogenous trade policy. The first part of the thesis exposes the main theoretical and empirical lessons on the impact of trade openness under perfect competition hypothesis. Then, we develop an applied general equilibrium model with a multi-region and multi-sector specification, to assess the impact of North-South Trade on earnings distribution in industrialised countries. Simulations show that the ongoing North-South globalisation does not generate necessarily a net loss for unskilled labour. In the second part, the research work is devoted to an analysis of the effect of North-South trade with imperfections in both goods and labour markets. We show that imperfections in goods market do not lead to reconsider fundamentally the trade impact. Nevertheless, the employment and wage adjustments, generated by globalisation, are closely linked through labour market paradigms
Van, Huffel Christophe. "Développement économique et disparités spatiales." Toulon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUL2002.
Full textThis analyses the nature and the evolution of urban-regional disparities during the development process. Chapter I covers empirical and theorical approaches showing that spatial inequalities rise and then decrease after a given level of development, and shed light on agglomeration-dispersion forces and the role of infrastructural and openness policies in this kind of process. Chapter II specifies three main stages of development for developing countries. Chapter III and IV prsents theorical models focusing on the relationships between infrastructures and openness, and on the role of foreign direct investments and knowledge externalities in the sape of spatial disparities. On the empirical side, chapter V analyses the openness impact on the unbalanced regional development in China
Kouadio, Kouassi Hugues. "Intégration économique, développement et croissance." Paris 1, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00274304.
Full textChbihi, Abdelouahed. "Analyse scalaire et tensorielle de la refermeture des porosités en mise forme." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM047/document.
Full textThe presence of voids in ingots is a major issue in the casting industry. These voids decrease materials properties (in particular ductility) and may induce premature failure during metal forming or service life. Hot metal forming processes are therefore used to close these voids and obtain a sound product. However, the amount of deformation required to close these voids is difficult to estimate.Numerical modeling is an interesting tool to study the influence of process parameters on void closure rate. In this work, an optimization-based strategy has been developed to identify the parameters of a mean-field model based on a database of 800 full-field REV simulations with various loading conditions and voids geometry and orientations. The first void closure model is a scalar model that gets rid of the axisymmetric loading hypothesis considered in most models in the literature. The Lode angle, coupled with the stress triaxiality ratio enables to identify the stress state in a unique way. Comparisons of this new model with three other models fromthe literature show the accuracy increase for general loading conditions. In order to address multistages processes, a second model is defined in a tensor version. The ellipsoid void inertia matrix is used to define void’s morphology, orientation and volume. The tensor model predicts the evolution of the inertia terms and its calibration is based on the full-field REV database and on a new Artificial Neural Networks approach. Comparisons were carried out between this tensor model, the scalar model and full-field simulations for multi-stages configurations. These comparisons showed up to 35% accuracy improvement with the tensor model. It is worth mentioning that this is the first attempt to define a void closure tensor model in the literature
Coulibaly, Dramane. "Essais sur les transferts internationaux : une approche macroéconomique." Phd thesis, Paris 1, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00903256.
Full textContreras, Moreno Viviana. "Captage et valorisation du CO2 par voie chimique : application à la synthèse de carbonates cycliques à partir d’époxydes." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAM0021/document.
Full textToday, the utilisation of CO2 as raw material for the synthesis of high-value added products like cyclic carbonates, is one of the alternatives used for reducing greenhouse gases. This thesis aims to understand and design a CO2 valorisation process by modelling the thermodynamic and the mass transfer/reaction kinetics generated during the cyclic carbonates synthesis from CO2, epoxides and a heterocyclic compound as catalyst. By using this new catalytic system, cyclic carbonates, which are used in the polymeric, pharmaceutic or cosmetic industry, can be produced with good yields at low temperatures and pressures and without any solvent. Thermodynamic properties as solubility and Henry's law constant have been estimated for CO2/epoxide binary systems. Mass transfer occurring without and with reaction has been studied in order to determine respectively the liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient and the reaction regime. A kinetic study has been performed to propose a model able to represent the reaction and to estimate the kinetic parameters. This information has been used in the design and the simulation of the production process of epichlorohydrin carbonate on Aspen Hysys
Awawda, Sameera. "A roadmap to attain universal health coverage in developing countries : a microsimulation-based dynamic general equilibrium model." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/190925_AWAWDA_480wiwc30esmfbi673fafoz83y_TH.pdf.
Full textUniversal Health Coverage (UHC) has received during the last decade a revived interest by policy-makers, international organizations and researchers worldwide. There has been hitherto no theoretical-empirical work that can enable to assess the feasibility of UHC and its potential effects at both micro- and macro-economic levels. This thesis presents an operationalizing theoretical framework that is capable of addressing the above issues using dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model and microsimulation technique. The first chapter presents the DSGE model that is calibrated to capture the salient features of an archetype developing economy. Results illustrate how the degree of financial-risk protection can vary with the financing-mix used to implement the UHC reform. The second chapter assesses the macro-fiscal conduciveness of UHC reforms and its impact on welfare and public finance in the particular context of Palestine. Results show that while UHC can enhance welfare, a parallel expansion of the breadth and width of coverage may not be feasible unless a policy adjustment is undertaken. The third chapter examines the potential impact of UHC reforms on intergenerational inequalities in view of fiscal sustainability. The question of who bears the burden of the UHC is addressed using an overlapping generation model, while a convenient measure to assess the social impact of UHC-financing strategies is proposed. Results show that under conditions of limited fiscal space, the choice between deferred-debt and current UHC-financing implies a trade-off between fiscal sustainability against intergenerational inequality, with which the policy-maker will have to confront
Thiam, Djiby Oumar Racine. "L'analyse de la transition vers les énergies propres dans les pays en développement : enjeux, modèlisation et mécanismes de financement." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40054/document.
Full textThe objective of this doctorate thesis is to investigate the contribution of renewable technologiesto energy transition in developing nations. In the theoretical framework such a contribution couldbe justified in two points. First, it analyses conditions, means and consequences of a modificationof a fuel-based energy production scheme to a new structure based on a more sustainableorientedpathway. Second, the analysis of energy transition provides institutional, technological,sociological and managerial frameworks strengthening the convergence toward a sustainableoriented energy paradigm through a diffusion and adoption of renewable technologies. From theexisting approaches, the core of this thesis is to assume a requirement to consider a mixedapproach of energy transition in developing nations through a combination of both decentralizedand centralized options. The decentralized energy transition approach allows an insertion ofspatial and geographical characteristics of remote locations in developing nations while thecentralized approach strengthens an inclusion of developing nations in a sustainable energyparadigm. From this orientation, we propose an interdisciplinary methodology, empirically basedon South Africa and Senegal in order to investigate the possible contribution of renewabletechnologies to energy transition. To investigate these questions, we combine a bottom-up energymodeling approach with optimization techniques through a linear programming algorithm
Creti, Christian. "Fermentation méthanique et désulfuration de gaz par voie bactérienne : proposition d'un bioréacteur de désulfuration, optimisation des deux opérations du procédé." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066309.
Full textVu, Thi Phuong Mai. "Three Essays on FDI and International Trade : Cross-Sectoral and Micro Empirical Analysis for Developing Countries." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR0034/document.
Full textThis thesis investigates the role of FDI in developing economies. Chapter 1 examines the interaction between FDI andODA. Our aggregated results reveal that the substitutable effect of ODA on FDI overbalances its complementary effect.Disaggregated results show that ODA in complementary inputs complements FDI in physical capital while ODA in physicalcapital substitutes its counterpart FDI. Moreover, FDI in complementary inputs behaves like its counterpart ODA. Chapter2 checks the difference in performance between foreign and domestic firms. We find that foreign firms are more productive,less profitable and grow faster than domestic firms. Moreover, they survive better than Vietnamese ones. Additionally, wealso indicate that there exist the transfer mispricing and the sunk cost among foreign firms in Vietnam. In chapter 3, weinvestigate the firms’ export behavior. We find that the distribution of export intensities in Vietnam displays a U-shapedpattern like the one found for countries strongly engaged in GVCs. By examining the export premia, we indicate thatprocessing exporters are less productive and pay lower wages than non-processing exporters and even than non-exporters.This pattern is more obvious among foreign firms and firms in the non-tariff zone. To conclude, even if FDI represents animportant source of growth for developing countries, more disaggregated analyses are still needed to better understand their effects on an economy
Benaabdelaali, Wail. "L'effet des inégalités d'éducation sur le développement économique : un essai d'évaluation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL2007.
Full textThis thesis seeks to deepen the nature and the shape of the relationships between educational inequalities and development. It goes along with the prolongation of the analyses undertaken about the relationships between both education & growth; and inequality & growth, by trying to shed additional light on these two. It aims to retrace, in a schematic way, the evolution of educational inequalities particularly in the developing countries; and also to characterize the nonlinearity of this link using nonparametric and semiparametric estimation models.This thesis consists of three chapters that correspond to specific objectives, databases and methodologies. In the first chapter, we propose a new dataset on the inequalities of education. Most of the studies on the relationship between human capital and economic development have mainly apprehended the measurement of human capital through quantitative education indicators, using namely the average of years of schooling (human capital stock). Our database, which presents an alternative measure of human capital, tends to improve significantly the way in which inequalities in education are calculated. It employs all the abundance of disaggregated data, corrects inappropriate weightings and refines some reductive assumptions about the durations of schooling cycles and the levels of education. We have also generalized the formula proposed by Berthélemy (2006) on the Gini index of education. The possible variation range of this index is graphically identified according to the average years of schooling and the cumulative duration of the schooling cycles. In Chapter II, we reveal the existence of a nonlinear relationship between inequalities in education and economic development using nonparametric and semiparametric models that do not require predefined functional forms. Several phases are therefore highlighted: the first three are identified only according to the level of development; then two other phases are recognized by combining thresholds of both development and education inequality; the sixth and final phase is defined by the educational inequality level alone. We show that the phases during which the reduction of educational inequality presents the most beneficial impact on economic development are the third and the fifth.Beyond the general outline highlighted at the transnational level in Chapters I and II, we explore in Chapter III the nature of this relationship at the regional level in the case of Morocco, for which we have data at both the municipal and provincial levels. We also confirm the nonlinearity of the relationship. The third phase, identified in Chapter II, is divided to two sub-phases in the case of the Moroccan provinces which have a differentiated impact according to a threshold of development and inequality of education
Gaudin, Nicolas. "Chemodynamical simulations of evolution of galaxies : implementing dust model." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01059565.
Full textOdjoumani, Nestor. "Essais sur les impacts macroéconomiques de l'incertitude mondiale." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100041.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the literature on global uncertainty, through three essays. The first essay makes a comparative empirical analysis of the effect of uncertainty shocks on economic conditions of a group of 20 developed countries and a group of 96 developing and emerging countries, using a panel vector autoregressive model. The second essay deepens the analysis by exploring the role of openness and financial development in the transmission of global uncertainty shocks. This second contribution employs an interacted panel vector autoregressive on a sample of 107 countries, including 20 developed countries and 87 developing and emerging countries. Finally, the third essay examines the effects of global uncertainty and financial shocks on oil price, using a structural vector autoregressive vector model in which shocks are jointly identified with sign restrictions
Torre, Iván. "Essays in political economy." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0063.
Full textThis thesis consists of three essays on the political economy of developing countries. Chapter 1 « Fiscal Federalism and Legislative Malapportionment: Causal Evidence from Independent but Related Natural Experiments » (cowritten with S. Galiani and G. Torrens) investigates the impact of distortions in districts' representation in the Argentine Congress on the distribution of federal tax resources. Exploiting exogenous variations in the provinces' legislative representation, we show that changes in the share of seats do not result in changes in the share of federal tax resources each district gets. Chapter 2, entitled « International Organizations and Structural Reforms » (co-written with S. Galiani and G. Torrens), we analyze the dynamics of structural reforms in developing countries in the presence of international organizations that fund reforms. We develop a dynamic model in which we show that these organizations alter the local political equilibrium and may incentivize countries to over-reform. This, in turns, leaves countries prone to suffer violent cycles of reform and counter-reform. In chapter 3, « Computers and Youth Political Participation », I study the impact of new information technologies on the political behavior of young people in Argentina. I analyze the effect of a laptop distribution program aimed at high school students who voted for the first time after voting age was lowered to 16. My analysis show that exposure to the program is associated with a decrease in turnout rates of teenagers, and I present evidence that suggests that this may be due to increased entertainment use of computers, which eventually leads to apathy in politics
Benaabdelaali, Wail. "L'effet des inégalités d'éducation sur le développement économique : un essai d'évaluation." Thesis, Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL2007/document.
Full textThis thesis seeks to deepen the nature and the shape of the relationships between educational inequalities and development. It goes along with the prolongation of the analyses undertaken about the relationships between both education & growth; and inequality & growth, by trying to shed additional light on these two. It aims to retrace, in a schematic way, the evolution of educational inequalities particularly in the developing countries; and also to characterize the nonlinearity of this link using nonparametric and semiparametric estimation models.This thesis consists of three chapters that correspond to specific objectives, databases and methodologies. In the first chapter, we propose a new dataset on the inequalities of education. Most of the studies on the relationship between human capital and economic development have mainly apprehended the measurement of human capital through quantitative education indicators, using namely the average of years of schooling (human capital stock). Our database, which presents an alternative measure of human capital, tends to improve significantly the way in which inequalities in education are calculated. It employs all the abundance of disaggregated data, corrects inappropriate weightings and refines some reductive assumptions about the durations of schooling cycles and the levels of education. We have also generalized the formula proposed by Berthélemy (2006) on the Gini index of education. The possible variation range of this index is graphically identified according to the average years of schooling and the cumulative duration of the schooling cycles. In Chapter II, we reveal the existence of a nonlinear relationship between inequalities in education and economic development using nonparametric and semiparametric models that do not require predefined functional forms. Several phases are therefore highlighted: the first three are identified only according to the level of development; then two other phases are recognized by combining thresholds of both development and education inequality; the sixth and final phase is defined by the educational inequality level alone. We show that the phases during which the reduction of educational inequality presents the most beneficial impact on economic development are the third and the fifth.Beyond the general outline highlighted at the transnational level in Chapters I and II, we explore in Chapter III the nature of this relationship at the regional level in the case of Morocco, for which we have data at both the municipal and provincial levels. We also confirm the nonlinearity of the relationship. The third phase, identified in Chapter II, is divided to two sub-phases in the case of the Moroccan provinces which have a differentiated impact according to a threshold of development and inequality of education
Gallet, Emmanuelle. "Techniques de model-checking pour l’inférence de paramètres et l’analyse de réseaux biologiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC035/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we present the use of model checking techniques for inference of parameters of Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) and formal analysis of a signalling pathway. In the first and main part, we provide an approach to infer biological parameters governing the dynamics of discrete models of GRNs. GRNs are encoded in the form of a meta-model, called Parametric GRN, such that a parameter instance defines a discrete model of the original GRN. Provided that targeted biological properties are expressed in the form of LTL formulas, LTL model-checking techniques are combined with symbolic execution and constraint solving techniques to select discrete models satisfying these properties. The challenge is to prevent combinatorial explosion in terms of size and number of discrete models. Our method is implemented in Java, in a tool called SPuTNIk. The second part describes a work performed in collaboration with child neurologists, who aim to understand the occurrence of toxic or protective phenotype of microglia (a type of macrophage in the brain) in the case of preemies. We use an other type of model-checking, the statistical model-checking, to study a particular type of biological network: the Wnt/β- catenin pathway that transmits an external signal into the cells via a cascade of biochemical reactions. Here we present the benefit of the stochastic model checker COSMOS, using the Hybrid Automata Stochastic Logic (HASL), that is an very expressive formalism allowing a sophisticated formal analysis of the dynamics of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, modelled as a discrete event stochastic process
Lamago, Merlin Ferdinand. "Réingénierie des fonctions des plateformes LMS par l'analyse et la modélisation des activités d'apprentissage : application à des contextes éducatifs avec fracture numérique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0589/document.
Full textThe present research aims to model learning processes on Learning ManagementSystems (LMS) in a bid to maximize users’ efficiency. We came about this idea whilethinking over the possible ways of facilitating the use of LMS for teachers and learnersin countries affected by the digital divide. Drawing from that, the following question hasbeen stated: in a given learning context, how can we insert a Learning ManagementSystem that provides users with both easy handling and optimal using conditions? Thisissue raises the problem of LMS adaptability and suggests two levels of modeling: thelearning tool on one hand and the planned context of use on the other. To address thisissue of adaptability, we adopt a two-pronged approach including the functionalanalysis of LMS tools and the reengineering of user interfaces. The first step is todevelop an approach for the analysis of teaching and learning processes on LMS. Thisentails modeling common learning situations and cross-checking them with thefeatures available in LMS solutions. This preliminary work enabled to build a formalismfor LMS analysis which is referred to as the OCGPI approach (Organize-Collaborate-Guide-Produce-Inform). The second step proposes an adaptive reengineering of LMSbased on the context of use. This is namely an embedded configurator which adaptsthe working environment according to each use and each user. This tool aims at givingbeginners the possibility of acquainting themselves quickly with the virtual platform