Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Voies professionnelles'
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Tossa, Mohamed Paul Zmirou-Navier Denis. "Marqueurs précoces non invasifs de l'inflammation des voies aériennes dans les métiers à risque d'asthme professionnel Etude dans une population d'apprentis boulangers, pâtissiers et coiffeurs /." S. l. : S. n, 2009. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2009_0070_TOSSA.pdf.
Pfister, Hugo. "Caractérisation des expositions professionnelles des éleveurs laitiers bretons : déterminants professionnels de l’exposition à la fraction thoracique des bioaérosols, à l’ammoniac et à l’acétaldéhyde, et effets inflammatoires des poussières organiques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B046/document.
Dairy farmers have an increased risk of lower airway diseases that is likely related to occupational exposures to airborne contaminants. Nevertheless, occupational determinants of dairy farmers’ exposures remain poorly documented and the biological effects of the contaminants chronically inhaled by farmers need to be fully characterized. In this context, the objectives of this PhD thesis were i) to identify the occupational determinants of exposure to thoracic bio-aerosols (organic dusts, endotoxins, bacteria and moulds), ammonia and acetaldehyde, and ii) to characterize the pro-inflammatory effects of thoracic dusts emitted during the mechanical spreading of straw bedding, a task well-known to generate inhalable dusts. To achieve these goals, we carried out a 112-repeated exposure measurement campaign on 29 dairy farms located in Britany. Using multivariate mixed-effect regression models, we have demonstrated that farmers’ exposures to bio-aerosols were mainly induced by tasks related to bedding material distribution and cow feeding (straw, hay, silage). Exposure levels to ammonia were highly dependent on cow numbers and times spent by the farmers in stable and milking parlour. Acetaldehyde exposure was modulated according to the farm size and times spent to distribute silage. Our work also highlighted that an increase of the area of wall opening significantly reduced exposure to mould, acetaldehyde and ammonia. Finally, our study showed that dusts emitted during mechanical straw spreading have (1) a size small enough to allow them to deposit in the tracheobronchial regions, (2) a complex bacterial and fungal composition, and (3) strong in vitro pro-inflammatory effects that induced TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 expression in human macrophages. In conclusion, these results have identified different dairy farm characteristics and occupational tasks that significantly increased the exposure levels to chemical contaminants and thoracic organic dusts. Statistical models built during this research project already allow reconstitution of dairy farmers’ exposure that may of use in future epidemiological studies and to develop new preventive measures
Paget-Bailly, Sophie. "Facteurs de risque professionnels des cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures : Synthèse des données épidémiologiques et analyse d'une étude cas-témoins, l'étude Icare." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00873568.
Paget-Bailly, Sophie. "Facteurs de risque professionnels des cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures : Synthèse des données épidémiologiques et analyse d’une étude cas-témoins, l’étude Icare." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T061/document.
Background: There is sufficient evidence that asbestos causes laryngeal cancer, but overall the role of occupational exposures in the etiology of head and neck cancer (HNC) remains largely unknown. Although several studies have reported associations between occupational exposures and HNC, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions. Objectives: (1) To summarize available epidemiologic data on occupational exposures and cancers of the oral cavity (OC), pharynx and larynx (the most frequent HNC); (2) using data from a large case-control study, to identify occupations and industries with an increased risk of HNC, then to investigate the role of some suspected occupational exposures (asbestos, mineral wools (MW), cement dust, silica). Methods: (1) A literature research and a series of meta-analyses were performed. (2) The Icare study is a French population-based case-control study including 2415 HNC cases and 3555 controls. Complete and detailed occupational histories were collected. Analyses by job title were conducted. Job exposure matrices, developed by the Occupational Health Department of the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS), were used to assess lifetime occupational exposure to asbestos, MW, cement dust and silica. Results: Significantly increased meta-relative risks (meta-RR) were obtained considering laryngeal cancer and exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), engine exhausts, working in the textile industry and the rubber industry, and for cancer of the OC and pharynx and exposures to asbestos, PAH and engine exhausts. Significantly increased risks were found for several jobs and industries, some of them entailing exposures to agents for which meta-RR were increased. Analyses for specific occupational exposures confirmed the association between asbestos and laryngeal cancer and showed an association with the risk of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer. An association with exposure to cement dust was also suggested. The results did not support an association between HNC risk and exposure to MW or silica. Conclusion: This work emphasizes the role of occupational exposures in HNC. Overall, our results suggest associations between HNC and exposure to asbestos, PAH, cement dust, and work in the rubber industry
Tossa, Mohamed Paul. "Marqueurs précoces non invasifs de l'inflammation des voies aériennes dans les métiers à risque d'asthme professionnel : etude dans une population d'apprentis boulangers, pâtissiers et coiffeurs." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10070/document.
Background and objectives: Occupational asthma (OA) is the most frequent work-related lung disease in industrialized countries. More than 300 agents, either of high molecular weight (such as flour, laboratory animal...) or of low molecular weight (isocyanates, alkalin persulfates...) have been reported to cause occupational asthma. The socio-economic consequences of OA are important and poorly compensated by the occupational diseases mitigation system. Considerable efforts of prevention are made in industrial nations. Early identification of subjects at risk of OA represents a major aspect of this prevention. Airways inflammation is the first and key expression of occupational asthma. It is investigated by means of several tests such as bronchial biopsy, assessment of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to specific occupational agents, non specific BHR to a chemical stimulus. But these examinations are invasive, time consuming, difficult to implement away from medical facilities. Recently, non invasive tests have been proposed such as measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), and cellular and molecular analysis of lavage nasal fluid. The MIBAP project (Markers of Bronchial Inflammation in Occupational Asthma) takes place in this setting. Its main objective is to examine the performance of a battery of non invasive tests likely to detect early airways inflammation that might eventually develop into OA. Material and methods: It is a prospective follow-up study of 441 bakers, pastry-makers and hairdressers apprentices in order to evaluate the airways inflammation during their 2-year apprenticeship period. The methacholine challenge test was used the “gold standard” to evaluate the airways inflammation. The other medical examinations whose association with airways inflammation have been studied are a clinical questionnaire, measurement of FENO, spirometry and measurement of respiratory impedance, count of eosinophil cells in nasal lavage fluid, and sensitization to common and occupational allergens by skin prick test. Results: Subjects, all volunteers, are 17 years old on average. Among them, 90 (20.0%) quit for several reasons, unrelated to the study outcome. Among work-related respiratory conditions, only asthma-like symptoms increased significantly since the the beginning of the study. While atopy (sensitization to commons allergens) remained stable, sensitization to occupational allergens increased from 6.4% to 9.6% (p=0.01) during the study. Incidence of BHR was 18.2% over all subjects; 7 months after the beginning of the training, the incidence rate among bakers and pastry-makers was statistically greater than among hairdressers (difference of 0,206 case per 100 person-yaers [CI = 0.01 – 0.40]). The increase of FENO levels is correlated with occurrence of BHR during the follow-up period (OR = 2.0 CI 95% = 1.21-3.32), regardless of atopy (increase of 21.6% and of 3.8% median FENO respectively for non-atopic and atopic subjects). Atopy when engaging in the training programme was associated with incidence of BHR among bakers and pastry-makers, not among hairdressers. Conversely, sensitization of hairdressers to alkaline persulfates at the end of the follow-up was related with occurrence of BHR. Discussion and conclusion: The number of subjects lost to follow-up was reasonably low (about 20%) for this kind of longitudinal study, compared with other similar works, which is in favour of the acceptability of the tests. The difference in the kinetics of BHR according to the training track might relate to differences in the mechanisms of sensitization between LMW and HMW agents. The latter involve IgE dependant processes while the mechanisms at hand with the former are yet to be elucidated. To date, no study has been published concerning the association between the increase of FENO and the occurrence of BHR. Further studies are necessary to confirm these results, before usage of FENO as a means for early detection of subjects at risk of OA be recommended
Carton, Matthieu. "Facteurs de risque professionnels des cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures chez les femmes : analyse des données de l’étude Icare." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV002/document.
Background : Few occupational studies have addressed head and neck cancer, and these studies have been predominantly conducted in men. Objective : Our objective was to investigate the associations between head and neck cancer and occupational exposures in women Population and methods : ICARE, a French population-based case–control study, included 296 squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC) in women and 775 female controls. Lifelong occupational history was collected. Job-exposure matrices were used to assess exposure to five chlorinated solvents (carbon tetrachloride; chloroform; methylene chloride; perchloroethylene; trichloroethylene), 5 petroleum solvents (benzene; special petroleum product; gasoline; white-spirits and other light aromatic mixtures; diesel, fuels and kerosene), 5 oxygenated solvents (alcohols; ketones and esters; ethylene glycol; diethyl ether; tetrahydrofuran) and 7 fibers and dusts (asbestos, flour dust, leather dust, refractory ceramic fibers, cement dust, mineral wools and silica) . An analysis by job title was conducted, and then associations with specific occupational exposures were investigated.Odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for smoking, alcohol drinking, age and residence area, were estimated with logistic models. Results : Significantly increased HNSCC risks were found for several jobs and industries. Some of these occupations (food and beverage processors, electrical and electronic equipment assemblers, welders and flame cutters) may entail exposure to agents such as solvents, metals, welding fumes and various dusts. Analyses for specific occupational exposures showed a significantly elevated risk of HNSCC associated with exposure to trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene. There is no clear evidence that petroleum or oxygenated solvents, some of them commonly used by women, are risk factors for HNSCC. Exposure to flour dust increased significantly HNSCC risk. Probable exposure to asbestos was associated with a moderate, non-significant elevation in risk. Analyses by cancer site (oral cavity, pharynx, larynx) were hampered by small numbers and did to reveal any specific association.Conclusion : These findings suggest that occupational exposure to perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene and flour dust may increase the risk of HNSCC in women
Leger, Dominique. "L'Aspartate transcarbamylase, enzyme-clef de la régulation du métabolisme des pyrimidines étude de la relation entre pH-dépendance et transition allostérique dans l'ATCase d'E. Coli, analyse de ces voies métaboliques dans le développement des pneumopathies professionnelles /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607206p.
Siccard, Anne. "L'orientation scolaire de jeunes ruraux, une construction conjointe entre élèves, familles et personnels : le cas de quatre collèges du département de Manche." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMC036.
Rural Secondary School children’s “Further Education” choices and career plans are generally seen as being an almost forced decision. It would not be wrong to say that Secondary School leavers from rural areas tend to choose shorter, professionally based courses which experts put down to several specific reasons. First, families from a working-class background have a mindset tending towards the idea that the options available are more limited and that the possible “Further Education” courses are therefore rarer and further away from the family environment. Some families are not prepared to accept this imposed, educational mobility. The starting point for the following analysis takes into account the obvious notions that there is not a homogenous rural community but rather a variety of rural areas and working-class families. Considering these elements, this thesis tries to measure the step-by-step processes which lead to the decisions made for post-Secondary Education. The influence of Secondary Schools must also be considered in the essentially qualitative approach which includes the input given by statistical evidence. If the Social Class origins, especially the mother’s educational achievement level, can explain, for a large part, the choices made by students at the end of Secondary School ; this analysis must also take note of the professional and social level of the schools’ catchment area. Thes factors can be accentuated both by the Careers’ Advice available and the actual results of post Secondary School decisions, prevalent in each Secondary School. These influencing factors and the differences subsisting between each School are also important in each Educational Community’s way of apprehending Careers Advice and the decisions made by their pupils. Other reasons are also to be included, such as leisure time activities as well as peer pressure and influence of each family environment. These sociability factors can also contribute to the discovery of new Careers and Further Education possibilities
Barul, Christine. "Exposition professionnelle aux solvants et risque de cancer des voies aéro-digestives supérieures." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS588/document.
Background : The role of occupational exposure to solvents in the risk of head and neck cancer has been suggested in some studies but has been few investigated, despite their widespread use in the workplace. Objective: The objective of this thesis was to examine the associations between occupational exposure to solvents and the risk of head and neck cancer. Methods: This work is based on data from the ICARE study, a large population-based case-control study conducted in France between 2001 and 2007. The analysis was restricted to men and included 1,857 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx and 2,780 controls. Detailed occupational lifetime as well as alcohol and tobacco consumptions were collected by questionnaires. Exposure to solvents was assessed by job exposure matrices and included five chlorinated solvents (perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride), five petroleum-based solvents (benzene; gasoline; diesel, fuels and kerosene; special petroleum products; white spirits) and five oxygenated solvents (ketones and esters; alcohols; diethyl ether; ethylene glycol; tetrahydrofuran). Odds-ratios adjusted for smoking, alcohol drinking and other potential confounders and 95% confidence intervals were estimated with logistic models. Results: No significant association was found between occupational exposure to chlorinated, petroleum-based and oxygenated solvents and the risk of head and neck cancer overall. In subsite analysis, the risk of laryngeal cancer increased with cumulative exposure to perchloroethylene. Non-significantly elevated risks of hypopharyngeal cancer were found in men exposed to high cumulative levels of methylene chloride, white spirits and tetrahydrofuran. An association between exposure to tetrahydrofuran and oral cavity cancer was also suggested. No other clear association was found for the other solvents under study, for any cancer site. Conclusion: Although positive associations were observed for several solvents, overall the results do not suggest a substantial role of exposure to solvents in head and neck cancer risk
Carrasco, zavala María Eugenia José. "Réalisation, épanouissement et perfectionnement de soi : voies pour penser l'éthique professionnelle des enseignants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080018.
This research looks at the problems of teachers’ professional ethics in light of approaches that address teacher’s self-realization and growth. Before focusing on these aspects, we discuss two theoretical and practical limitations that obstruct the reflection on the teacher’s ethics: 1) limitations regarding the focus of education on accountability, standardized assessments and effectiveness and 2) limitations relating to analyses of teacher morale. These analyses defend obligation, duty and altruism as a central feature of educational practice. In order to overcome these perspectives, in the second part, we consider the philosophers Bernard Williams and Stanley Cavell, who demonstrate how ethics is not only a matter of duties, but above all the construction of a subject. According to this viewpoint, we show that it is much fairer to approach the problem of a teacher’s ethics by placing the educator’s capacity for self-cultivation in the foreground. One of our main concerns is to make it clear that self-cultivation does not presume the existence of a pre-determined ideal self that we should attain, nor does it presume a final and definitive state of the self. We see that self-realization implies a process that is always unfinished. In this sense, all of the above ideas attempt to give a more active role to teachers in terms of their own responsibility toward themselves and the search for solutions to the problems that arise in their educational practice. At the same time, a teacher continues to be linked to the question of how the teacher’s own self-cultivation can foster the development of others and, conversely, how this development supports the teacher’s own development
Este trabajo tiene como objetivo mirar los problemas de la ética profesional de los docentes a la luz de los planteamientos que abordan realización de sí mismo y el crecimiento del educador. Antes de focalizarnos en estos aspectos, mostramos algunos límites teóricos y prácticos que entraban la reflexión sobre la ética del profesor. Dos son los límites que examinamos. Por una parte, los sistemas educativos que centran su quehacer principalmente en la rendición de cuentas, las evaluaciones estandarizadas, así como en la eficacia. Por otra parte, aquellos contenidos en el análisis de la moral del docente que defienden la obligación, el deber y el altruismo como un rasgo central de la práctica educativa. Con la finalidad de superar estas perspectivas, en la segunda parte, tornamos nuestra mirada hacia Bernard Williams y Stanley Cavell. Estos dos filósofos nos permitirán comprender la ética del profesor desde el activo e incesante ejercicio del desarrollo de la capacidad de cultivarse a sí mismo del educador. Veremos igualmente que la ética no se trata solamente de un asunto de deberes, sino que, sobre todo, de la construcción de un sujeto. Esta preocupación no presume la existencia de un yo ideal dado de antemano que deberíamos alcanzar, tampoco un estado final y definitivo, sino que enfatiza el carácter inconcluso de la realización de sí mismo. En este sentido, las ideas anteriores intentan otorgar un rol más activo al docente en lo que respecta a su propia responsabilidad frente a sí mismo y a la búsqueda de soluciones a los problemas que surgen en su práctica educativa. Al mismo tiempo, el docente continúa vinculado a la pregunta de cómo el propio cultivo de sí mismo puede fomentar el desarrollo de los otro y, a la inversa, cómo este desarrollo sostiene al propio desarrollo del profesor
Grimbuhler, Sonia. "Contribution à l'évaluation de l'exposition aux produits phytosanitaires des professionnels par la voie respiratoire." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S152.
Philippart, Anne. "Les urbanistes : un groupe professionnel en voie de constitution." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082517.
The object of this research is to study the dynamic professionalization of town planners. With the use of a survey per interview and the analysis of professional associations' archives, the study exposes the process of the creation and transformation of the professional group. Historical study shows the birth of the professional town planners' activity and the struggles between many professional groups to appropriate it. The town planner group is very heterogeneous and not very defined. The problems of social and legal recognition lead professional associations, at their creation, to organize and defend the profession. Finally we will show how the group of planners cannot correspond to the model of profession and thus will not achieve its' professionalization. It can more easily be defined as an emerging occupation that replies to new needs in society
Grandgérard, Colette. "Emergence d'un contre-modele de formation et nouvelle professionnalite de l'ingenieur. La voie de l'apprentissage." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081161.
The thesis is both a collective and individual work and this explains its specific structure: a commun theorical construction (part i) which is the foundation of two theses, both distinct and complementary, provided with empirical data (part ii). The first one is dealing with trends in further education (nelly kauffmann-bousquet), the second one is dealing with apprenticeship (colette grandgerard). In the whole work is examined the modernizing logic underlying the new training for engineers scheme in the ligt of the many past attempts to reform the vocational training system for industrial ingineers and executives in france. For this purpose, are used production management concepts. With this "borrowed metaphor" approach, engineering colleges and the new training for engineers scheme are viewed as graduate production systems which can be analysed in terms of industrial concepts such as flexibility, quality, production management etc. From this point of view, the decomps reform can be said to have brought about an alternative model, focusing on the introduction of new methods of vocational training management which come closer to the requirements of the users, i. E. , to those of the relevant firms and occupational circles
Haute, Tristan. "Les salarié·e·s aux urnes : contribution à l’étude des ressorts collectifs et individuels des votes des salariés aux scrutins professionnels dans le secteur privé en France." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2D005/document.
While the vote has a growing symbolic weight in the French system of industrial relations, especially since the reform of union representativeness in 2008, political science as well as industrial relations and labour studies have shown only marginal interest for electoral practices in the professional field. At the crossroads of these two disciplines, this thesis aims to render the individual, contextual and environmental logics of electoral mobilization and choice during workplace elections, building on the explanatory models of voting proposed by electoral political sociology.To this end, our thesis, which focuses on private sector employees in France, mobilizes and combines quantitative and, to a lesser extent, qualitative materials, collected at several levels: the MARS electoral database (Audience Measurement for the Calculation of Union Representativeness), the data from the REPONSE surveys (Industrial Relations and Company Negotiations) and from the 2010 SRCV survey (Statistics on Incomes and Living Conditions) as well as a questionnaire survey carried out among Pôle Emploi employees.In light of these materials, it appears that the workers’ electoral behaviour in professional elections, far from being inexplicable, depends on social logics. However, if the models proposed by electoral sociology prove relatively relevant, it appears necessary to adapt them to the specificities of the professional field. Thus, in the same way as Daniel Gaxie observed for the political field, there appears to be a "hidden census" in "industrial democracy". But the highlighted invisible barriers are much more related to the employees’ working conditions and contexts than to their educational capital: those who are both less likely to face workplace polls and, when they can actually vote, significantly more likely to abstain, are the most precarious employees, the least professionally integrated, the youngest as well as those employed in the smallest businesses. Similarly, if the employees’ electoral mobilization and choices depend on the contexts in which their votes are produced, what is decisive are the interactions in the workplace between the employees and their representatives or between the employees themselves.To reveal the reasons for employees' votes in professional polls helps to contribute, not only to the study of industrial relations, but also to the discussion on the explanatory models of voting in electoral sociology, especially since participations at political and workplace elections are closely linked
HENNOTE, ROLLAND PATRICIA. "Laryngectomie totale : aspects socio-professionnels a propos d'une enquete realisee aupres de 69 patients." Nantes, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NANT014M.
Safy, Mohamed. "Complexe industriel transnationalisé et pays en développememt : le cas de l'informatique." Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100087.
Informatics is organized differently in developing countries. Thus, in Marocco and ivory coast, there is no local production. Computerization is concerned by improving and modernizing civil service. Computers are totaly imported. In return Brazil and Singapore have a local computer industry. In Brazil, this industry is protected. It is increasing and more linked to the national economy. It is inwardoriented, intersectoral-linking are being developed. The logic is to form a national integrated computer industry. In Singapore, computer industry is dominated by multinational companys. It is specialized in disk drives and software. More integrated to transnational industrial complexe. It is an outward-oriented industry and tended to restructuring local electronics complexe. All these strategies focus on one operation space within the transnational industrial complexe. That is why they are limited. Thed, it appears necessay to conciliate national and worldwide operation logic of the computer industry as the local computer industry will be viable and efficient
Tahere, Pour Seyed Djafar. "La Formation professionnelle et le rattrapage scolaire dans les pays en voie de développement : le cas de l'Iran." Grenoble 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE29026.
Tahere, Pour Seyed Djafar. "La Formation professionnelle et le rattrapage scolaire dans les pays en voie de développement le cas de l'Iran /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610081d.
Bousquet, Nelly. "Emergence d'un contre-modele de formation et nouvelle professionnalite de l'ingenieur. La voie de la formation continue." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081169.
The thesis is both a collective and individual work and this explains its specific : structure : a commun theorical construction (part i) wich is the foundation of two theses, both distinct and complementary, provided with empirical data (part ii). The first one is dealing with trends in further education (nelly kauffmann-bousquet), the second one is dealing with apprenticeship (colette grandgerard). In the whole work is examined the modernizing logic underlying the new training for engineers scheme in the ligt of the many past attempts to reform the vocational training system for industrial ingineers and executives in france. For this purpose, are used production management concepts. With this "borrowed metaphor" approach, engineering colleges and the new training for engineers scheme are viewed as graduate production systems which can be analysed in terms of industrial concepts such as flexibility, quality, production management etc. From this point of view, the decomps reform can be said to have brought about an alternative model, focusing on the introduction of new methods of vocational training management which come closer to the requirements of the users, i. E. , to those of the relevant firms and occupational circles
Prot, Bernard. "Le concept potentiel : une voie de développement des concepts. Le cas de la validation des acquis." Paris, CNAM, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CNAM0449.
Based on a French tradition in the field of the validation of acquired professional knowledge, this work psychologically investigates what could link knowledge acquired at work and benchmark concepts instilled by a referential certificate. A review of scientific resources in this domain is followed by a broadened discussion making best value of the Vygotskyan theory related to the development of concepts (1934/1997). The author supports the ide that a so-called “potential concept” bridges everyday and scientific concepts. This special hybrid-like conceptual form could result from the abstraction of a significant trait of everyday activity highlighted by the signification brought in by a scientific concept. The interlocutory analysis applied to exchanges tapped from validation sessions involving candidates and members of review panel or counsellors, and examined through the lens of a conversational pragmatic approach (Trognon & Kostulski, 1998), shed light on both inter-psychological and instrumental conditions that actually take part in the development of a potential concept. Results are discussed from a clinically based approach to the activity (Clot, 1999 ; Clot & Faïta 2000). The development of potential concept turns out to be the transformation of psychological function of concept, which gives access both to everyday and scientific concepts
Bongo, Noël Manuel. "Relations entre le système éducatif et le système productif dans les pays en voie de développement : le cas du Congo." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOE014.
The aim of this research is to explore some aspects of the functioning of the work market and the articulations between the educational system and production on developing countries in general, and in the Congo in particular. This study is made of three parts of three chapters each, respectively devoted to the observation of the empirical situation, reflexions on the existing theories (their applications in lessdevelopped economies), and the production of complementary analyses. The first chapter of the first part is an introduction to the band and people and to some economic and financial aspects of the Congo. The second chapter focuses on the role of education in the economic and social development of the country. The third one is both an introduction to - and a critical analysis of - the congolese educational system. As for the second part, it aims at pointing out the methodological and theoretical tools which can help understand the relations between the production system and the educational one. The first chapter of this part is a theoretical analysis of the functionning of work market through the interpretations of currents of thought in economics. The second one attempts to show the complexity of relations between education and employment in developing countries, and the last one presents some notions about economic systems and structures in those countries. At last, the third part will be devoted to the statement of the relation between education training and employment; this relation is drawn from investigation. .
Chekli, Latifa. "Développer la posture réflexive : une voie pour la professionnalisation des enseignants au Maroc : Cas des professeurs de français, première langue étrangère, au cycle secondaire (collège et lycée)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20026.
Under which conditions is it possible to create work-place professionalism? This is the main question addressed by the theme of this thesis. The theme came up as a result of the precariousness/downgrading of teaching/instructing French as a foreign language under the current Moroccan educational system. Other than efforts pertaining to reform and change, it does not seem that the current educational policies are capable of addressing this situation. Instruction as well as continuing education in basic training remains somewhat uncertain, keeping in mind that some instructors have not been given any such training. Professionalism among some of these instructors is lacking. However, helping them to develop a reflexive position would improve their level of professionalism. The purpose of this study is to ensure that didactic educational lessons are undertaken in a real classroom environment, that analysis of pedagogical practices is done concretely, that guidance/coaching is provided, and that reflexive writing is encouraged. These are steps or protocols among other instruments to experiment with towards further professionalization of instruction, in order to lead the new learner to develop his professional skills and to further improve the professional performance of those who are more experienced
Al-Abboud, Radi. "L'insertion professionnelle des jeunes diplômés dans les pays en voie de développement : le cas de la Syrie : activités industrielles modernes et informelles à Alep." Bordeaux 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR40010.
The objective of this dissertation is to analyse the process of professional insertion of young school-leavers in the town of alep in syria. It is in effect to know when and how young schoolleavers become stable professionally, and what factors affect the speed and quality of this process. The analysis is done following tow approaches. Accordingly, this dissertation is divided into tow orresponding parts. First, we have studied the macr-economic constraints on the process of professional insertion. The problems examined concern the characeristics of the labour market, as well as state employment and labour planing policies. From this analysis, we observe that state intervention in these areas have not abtained the expected results. It is observed in particular, that policy decisions in the area of professional training do not necessarily correspond to the real needs of the national economy. Scondly, we have analysed tow groups of micr-economic factors likely to have an impact on the professional insertion of young scholl-leavers. Based on the results of our research carried out towards the end of 1989, we also observe that the process is influenced, to a significant extent, by personal characteristics (age, sex, marital status), and by the level and specialisation of the chosen are of interest. It is equally influenced by the specific functioning of the labour market in aleppo
Raihani, Jawad. "Ergonomie et évaluation des risques professionnels pour accompagner le changement des entreprises des pays en voie de développement : aspects socioculturels et participation des opérateurs." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13247.
While the principles of ergonomics, risk assessment and prevention are universal, but their implementation may not be that local student diversity and specificities of each culture. In absence of a working methodology, each company develops its way to its implementation process neglecting the social aspect. So far, there has been much more problematic to resolve through a process and a specific method. Our approach to ergonomic risk assessment and we propose is a change project and its success depends on the participation of operators, the analysis of actual situations of risk and consideration of the sociocultural aspect. The accompanying change in the ergonomic approach is a complex process. The importance of "ergonomic teams" to understand the phenomenon of participation by operators and analysis of real situations of risk for the implementation of the process. Similarly, the systems approach to culture lets characterize the different cultures to accompany the change. Our research have as a testing two Moroccan, a big industrial and mining and an SME specializing in mechanical, show that socio-cultural aspect plays an important role in the implementation of the ergonomic approach for the risk assessment
Dieye, Abdoulaye Idrissa. "Les étudiants sénégalais en France et aux États-Unis : conditions de vie, conditions d'étude, insertion socio-professionnelle et participation au développement du Sénégal." Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA084114.
Just like fuel, education and training (formation) are the indispensable control levers which will make developing countries take off and accelerate the walking (step) of the already developed countries. From primary school to university, so many billions invested in term of investments and infrastructures to maintain hundreds of young people in the way of the excellence and the intellectual performance. These billions are borrowed at the financier's. Unfortunately, today, with the P. A. S. Which came, as a blow with a club, to darken the economic and financial future of developing countries, Senegal does not any more succeed in satisfying the numerous financial requests of his people and his university community. University is not any more the ideal so dreamed and these young students, just like a stampede, leave it and go in France and to the United States to continue their studies. The real reason being the research for the good property to be. Excellent conditions of study, fed by the high sense of the education and the education of these countries, may make of them geniuses(engineerings). However, in pitiful living conditions, even chronic, supported by the lack of stock exchanges (scholarships) and helps (assistants), next to deprived parents, these young students struggle in enormous difficulties. What obliges some to abandon the studies whereas the others, having had their diplomas, do not bring in and continue their road towards Canada and United States. Nevertheless, Senegal borrowed billions to form them. At its current stage, this student emigration, is a real bleeding and a cancer for the development of Senegal. If it is revisited, she can supply technically competent and politically aware men to boost this country which has all the predispositions to develop
Dihele, Dya Welo. "La formation technique et la mentalité traditionnelle dans les pays en voie de développement : étude de cas : Zaïre." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H101.
Ducrot, Thierry. "L’autogestion pédagogique en SEGPA, une voie pour l’autodidaxie." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST0010/document.
In 1791, Condorcet set the self-directed learning at the heart of his education project. He wishes to give every citizen, and in particular to those who are not lucky enough to be born in wealthy families, the means to educate by oneself. For Condorcet, self-directed learning has a triple aim: compensatory, emancipatory and empowering. The school must teach to learn how to educate oneself throughout life. Self-directed learning requires a learning process and the schoolmaster has to be a guide to this process. Unfortunately, his project does not succeed.Some two centuries later, the self-directed learning is being brought up to date and cited as a need to constantly adapt to contemporary society in which knowledge has become an important socio-economic issue as well as a need to respond to the crisis of educational institutions.This thesis is the outcome of an educational experiment that has been conducted for six years in Evire middle school, Haute-Savoie. It will explore the effects of self-education to promote self-taught posture among pupils who are struggling and whose counselling is targeted to secondary school SEGPA classes. Self-directed learning is conceived as an educational device embodying the guidance of Condorcet. The study of self-directed learning in schools has helped to highlight the richness and limitations of such a pedagogy depending on established or establishing plans and ways of supporting them
Ango-Obiang, Nadège Noële. "Mondialisation et inégalités (salaires/revenus, emploi) dans les pays du Sud." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50374-2007-Ango.pdf.
Ouahmane, Bouchra. "Les facteurs de reussite des accords de partenariat industriel entre PME des pays industrialisés et PME des pays en voie de développement : une analyse à travers l'exemple des PME françaises et des PME marocaines." Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40022.
Boudjema, Jamila. "Etude in vitro de la toxicité pulmonaire de la fraction ultrafine des fumées de soudage." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUS055.
The particulate fraction of welding fumes (WF) has very recently been suspected to be oneof the major contributors to their harmful effects on human health. However, to date, thetoxicity of this fraction has not yet been fully deciphered. This work attempted to bettercharacterize the ultrafine fraction of WF emitted by arc welding of stainless steel and to betterstudy, in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B), the cellular and molecular mechanismsinvolved in its lung toxicity. Ultrafine particles (UFP), generated by arc welding of stainlesssteel, had physicochemical characteristics close to those generally encountered in theworkplace. Our relevant results clearly demonstrated the crucial role played by the metal-richUFP of WF in the production of oxidative stress, causing oxidative damage to all themacromolecules, and genetic and epigenetic alterations, and activating certain critical cellsignaling pathways. They also underlined the urgent need to include UFP in future air qualitystandards
Ajbli, Fatiha. "Les Françaises musulmanes face à l'emploi : le cas des pratiquantes "voilées" dans la métropole lilloise." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0077.
Even if it originally is, a strictly individual decision, a result of a profoundly intimate conviction, the choice of the islamic veil demands a heavy social price from french practicing Muslim women; as it abruptly stops their social ascension at the turning point of having access to professional activity. Ln fact, they found themselves facing obstacles that tell us a great deal about tensions Iinked to their own presence legitimacy in the French public space. What do these women really want is to openly occupy their places within the French society, which simultaneously means to continue keeping their veils on. Factually, to be socially and professionally accepted, they are expected to prove their integration and give up ail the shapes of idiosyncrasies, whih is hardly imaginable, since their conception of lslamity and Francity is indivisible. This study tries to essentially spotlight how French Muslim women's professional inclusion and exclusion mechanisms operate. Besides the employers' traditional discriminatory practices, these latter's merely conceive the islamic veil as a criterion of professional disqualification. This work tries as well to investigate the existence of an auto-exclusion process and highlight the impacts of diplomas professional value, family choices and the psychological management of stigma on their professional arbitration. Meanwhile, concerning those of them who succeed to have access to the labour market, my approach underlines and reports their remarkable strategies and sets up a mapping of their professional habits to flnally conclude that their professional Activity affects the internal structure of Muslim couples
Guébou, Florent. "Analyse des problèmes de sécurité du travail dans un pays en voie de développement : le cas du Congo." Rennes 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN20005.
This research aimed at analyzing the issue of security at work in the Congolese firms. Facing the difficulties we came up against, we were led to make choices concerning our methodology and our starting processes. We eventually came to a choice of five research ways. The methodology we adopted consisted in a pre-survey and a survey through questionnaires that were given out to five hundred workers: only four hundred and twenty questionnaires were given back and exploited. Considering the limits of our study, of this methodology, of the results that came of it, we find it necessary to consider this study as somewhat exploratory and, therefore, to take out both its practical and theoretical implications
Pierrefeu, Inès de. "Les ESAT de transition, une voie de rétablissement "par et vers" l’emploi pour les personnes vivant avec des troubles psychiques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC291/document.
Work is a key-factor of recovery for people with severe mental illness. Various programs exist to support them to gain and maintain competitive employment. In France, the rate of employment remains low for this population and only scarce researches are developed in this field, although some French practices, such as the Ç ESAT de transition È (transitional workshops) of the MESSIDOR association, appear to be performing well. Theses transitional workshops support people with psychiatric disability to gain a competitive employment on the regular labor market while working in a sheltered activity. The goal of this research was to describe the Ç ESAT de transition È program, comparing it to international evidence-based practices, such as supported-employment programs, and to define how this program can facilitate a recovery process for people with a severe mental illness.The first part of this research is intended to describe the program with a mixed method (qualitative then quantitative) in order to compare it with international evidence-based practices and to describe the roles, tasks and competencies of the two professionals supervising people with a severe mental illness, counselors and supervisors, and to define how they contribute to a recovery process for them. A second part of the research is dedicated to clients of this program, with a longitudinal study (n=160) of clinical and psychosocial variables, at the beginning of the program, and in order to document predictive factors of their job tenure in the program, of their positive evolution to work integration on the regular labor market and of their recovery.These Ç ESAT de transition È are an hybrid form of a sheltered workshop, social enterprise and supported-employment program for people with a severe mental illness. In a workplace close to the context of regular labor market, thanks to a subtle relational posture, the two professionals supervising the workers help them to develop a new positive identity, self-esteem as a worker and hope in the future, which are key-factors of a recovery process. Clients have a positive perception of their situation in this program, on clinical and psychosocial variables, and this perception is stable on the 9 months follow-up of the study. They confirm that self-esteem as a worker, counselors and supervisors are key-factors to ensure their job tenure in the program, their positive evolution to work integration on the regular labor market and their recovery. Practical implications and recommendations from this research are the type of support that should be developed in France for people a with severe mental illness to help their work integration, as well as the type of training and supervision that should be offered to the professionals supporting them
Lezou, Yesso Benjamin. "Politique de développement rural et formation des formateurs d'artisans ruraux en Côte d'Ivoire : l'exemple des Unités mobiles de formation artisanale." Rennes 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN20016.
In order to give the rural world, and particularly young peasants the same living conditions as their urban fellows, the Ivorian state has chosen to train them by initiating the "mobile units project". These units are conceived as an instrument for rural development by the authorities and project leaders and are meant the training and the insertion of young rural in their environment; they are perceived by the rural population as a "training school" that would allow children to achieve advancement and consequently improve the parents living conditions; they are considered by traditional craftsmen as an "adult training center "where they can read, write and improve themselves. After ten years of existence, they do not seem to have achieved those aims but they keep on working. It is therefore quite proper to ponder the following topics: Has the "mobile units project" been properly prepared? Have the real needs of the young rural craftsmen been clearly identified? Has his profile and accordingly his trainer's been defined? The analysis reveals that the "mobile units project" must be thought over again so as to make it a powerful means of the rural development policy, which in fact still remains a matter of mentality
Perron, Jonny. "De la motivation à l'idéal professionnel : une voie éthique d'ordre autorégulatoire d'accomplissement d'un projet de vie professionnelle en massothérapie." Thèse, 2009. http://constellation.uqac.ca/178/1/030109291.pdf.