Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Voies de sécrétion'
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Ehre, Camille. "Régulation de la sécrétion de mucus par les cellules mucosécrétrices des voies respiratoires." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066105.
Full textChapeton, Montes Julie Andrea. "Caractérisation des voies alternatives de sécrétion des protéines S100A8/A9 et S100A12 par les neutrophiles humains." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26156.
Full textAlthough S100A8/A9 (calprotectin) and S100A12 proteins expressed by neutrophils lack a signal peptide, they are found in the serum of patients with various inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms of secretion and the agonists that promote their secretion are still unknown. We hypothesized that several alternative secretory pathways and several agonists of neutrophils may participate in the release of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 protein. Initially, we studied the stimuli inducing the secretion of calprotectin and / or S100A12. In a second part, we were interested in signals and alternative mechanisms of secretion involved in the release of the calprotectin and S100A12. In conclusion, this study shows the complexity of alternative secretion pathways involved in S100 secretion and that these pathways are influenced by the activation of neutrophils by various agonists.
Ruffin, Manon. "Caractérisation du canal chlorure ANO1 au niveau pulmonaire dans la mucoviscidose et étude de son implication dans la réparation de l’épithélium des voies aériennes." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066167.
Full textCystic fibrosis (CF) airway epithelium is constantly subjected to injury events due to chronic infection and inflammation. CF airway epithelium repair is abnormal and induces a tissue remodeling which contributes to the lung function decline of CF patients. To offset the CFTR chloride (Cl-) channel deficiency in CF, it has been proposed to activate an alternative route for Cl- secretion. In 2008, ANO1 (anoctamin 1) protein has been identified as responsible of Ca2+-activated Cl- conductance (CaCC). ANO1 has not been characterized in CF airways but recent evidence indicates a role for ANO1 in proliferation and migration of tumor cells. Thus, our main objectives were to study ANO1 in non-CF and CF airway and to assess ANO1 involvement in airway epithelial repair We first showed that cell proliferation and migration during repair are delayed in CF compared to non-CF bronchial epithelial cells. We then established that ANO1 Cl- channel activity was significantly decreased in CF compared to non-CF bronchial epithelial cells. To explain this decrease in CF cells, we compared ANO1 expression in non-CF and CF bronchial epithelial cell lines, primary cells, airways of wild-type and F508del mice and lung explants from non-CF and CF patients. In all these models, ANO1 expression was markedly lower in CF compared to non-CF. Finally, we established that ANO1 inhibition or overexpression were associated respectively with decreases and increases in cell proliferation and migration. Taken together, our results suggest that ANO1 dysregulation contributes to abnormal CF bronchial epithelial repair and secondly, that ANO1 correction may improve lung tissue repair in cystic fibrosis patients
Bernard, Karen. "Identification et caractérisation de modulateurs de la sécrétion d'ions chlorure dans différents modèles cellulaires de l'épithélium bronchique humain." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE4022.
Full textThe airway epithelium secretes salt and fluid to maintain the optimal of the airway surface liquid. The CFTR CL-channel role in these transports is crucial as underlined by the discovery of CFTR gene mutations, which are responsible for the cystic fibrosis disease. A therapeutic approach would be to stimulate the activity of alternatives CL-channels to overcome the loss of functional CFTR. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanisms underlying the regulation of these secretion pathways. This work shows the key role of SK4 channels in modulating airway epithelium CL-secretion. Their opening at the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells creates the driving force for CL-transport. In addition, their preferential location at the apical site of the goblet cells, which secrete mucins, suggest a specific role of these channels in this cellular population subtype. NACL transport of airways is under control of various factors such as neurotransmitters and extracellular nucleotides. This study is the first to report the stimulation of CL-seretion of a human bronchial epithelial cell line by neuropeptides belonging the arginin vasopressin family. The induced response is mediated by V1 and V2 receptors to vasopressin and the stimulated effectors are CFTR and SK4 channels. The stimulation of basolateral transporter activity us also supposed. This work also underlines the importance of purinergic P2Y6 receptors in the stimulation of anion secretion of the cellular models used in this study
Vilmont, Valérie. "Nouvelles voies de régulation des localisations intra- et extra-cellulaires de la protéine FADD." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T003.
Full textThe FADD protein (Fas associated death domain) is the key adaptor molecule of the apoptotic signaling pathway triggered by death receptors of the TNF (Tumor necrosis factor) superfamily. During the last decade, it became obvious that, in addition to its major role in cell death, the protein was also involved in other biological processes like the embryonic development, the immune response or even cell cycle progression. Evidence also showed that the protein sub-cellular localization was a key determinant to its functions. Therefore, the identification of underlying regulatory mechanisms dictating FADD expression was of significant importance. In 2008 our laboratory identified, in a thyroid murine model, a new mechanism controlling FADD expression, namely via secretion. We discovered that the loss of FADD expression from tumor cells, by secretion, could be correlated to cancer aggressiveness as well as inflammation (Tourneur 2012). The goal of this thesis work was to apprehend the mechanism by which FADD was secreted and determine, in that case, the modalities of this regulation. A third objective of this work was to identify new potential regulatory pathways of FADD expression. By means of a human cell line model, we showed that, similarly to the mouse model, the expression of human FADD could be regulated via unconventional secretion. In parallel to the characterization of the secretory process itself, we demonstrated that secretion could be negatively regulated by the anti-apoptotic kinase CK2 (casein kinase 2). Finally, we showed that CK2 could regulate FADD nuclear localization via a regulatory sub-unit-dependent phosphorylation and that FADD and CK2 could directly interact. These results are the first to demonstrate that human FADD expression could be regulated via secretion and that FADD sub-cellular localization could be modulated by CK2. The consequences of such regulation with regards to known FADD functions are discussed
Senta, Helena. "L'étude des voies de sécrétion des cellules AtT20 l'association amylase d'orge et calreticuline dans le trafic distal de la glycoprotéine." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5834.
Full textPorras, Grégory. "Implication conditionnelle des récepteurs sérotoninergiques dans le contrôle de l'activité des voies dopaminergiques nigro-striée et méso-accumbale chez le rat." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR20951.
Full textLian, Yen-Ling. "Mechanisms of retrograde transport from Golgi apparatus to endoplasmic reticulum." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPSLS067.
Full textMammalian cells are characterized by the co-existence of multiple pathways, including anterograde and retrograde transport. The Golgi apparatus has a central role in processing and sorting cargos in the bi-directional trafficking. The Retention Using Selective Hooks (RUSH) system allows to synchronize the transport of cargos from the ER to downstream compartments and to systematically analyze the secretory routes. Owing to the interaction of streptavidin (Str) and streptavidin-binding peptide (SBP), the reporter protein can be retained in the ER and then released by the addition of biotin. However, biotin has a high affinity to streptavidin, impairing reversibility of the RUSH assay. With the Artificial Ligands of Streptavidin (ALiS), Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport can be monitored using RUSH upon their washout.The reversible RUSH assay was firstly set up to study two mechanisms of Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport, including the KDEL-mediated retrieval pathway and the glycosylation enzyme recycling pathway. Core streptavidin fused with the ER-retention signal (Str-KDEL), or with the invariant chain (Ii-Str) were used as hooks. Golgi-resident enzymes, ManII* (Mannosidase II)-SBP-EGFP or ST* (Sialyltransferase)-SBP-GFP served as Golgi-targeted RUSH reporters. Our kinetic analysis showed that the Golgi-to-ER transport of ManII* and ST* are both slower through the glycosylation enzyme recycling pathway than the KDEL-meditated retrieval pathway. To characterize the role of putative regulatory factors in KDEL-mediated retrograde transport, we performed RNAi experiments targeting to COG3 and Rab6. Our data showed that knockdown of COG3 resulted in delayed retrograde transport of ManII* and ST*, and the depletion of Rab6 led to impaired trafficking of ST*, consistent with the previous studies. Our data indicated that there are two distinct pathways regulating the retrograde transport of Golgi cargos, including KDEL-mediated ER retrieval and ER recycling of Golgi glycosylation enzymes.Lastly, we have generated endogenous tagged Golgi glycosylation enzymes using CRISPR-Cas9 or CRISPaint knock-in approaches and applied the reversible RUSH assays in the selected clones. The subcellular distribution of endogenous ManIIEN-SBP-mNeonGreen, GalNAc-T1EN-SBP-mNeonGreen and B4GalT1EN-SBP-EGFP were detected in Golgi, and we were able to synchronize the bidirectional transport through the expression of Str-KDEL
Allombert, Julie. "Rôles des voies de signalisation à di-GMP cyclique chez Legionella pneumophila." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10161/document.
Full textLegionella pneumophila is a bacterium that proliferates in fresh water environments through the replication within amoebas. These bacteria can persist in these environments through biofilm formation. The inhalation of aerosolized contaminated water through hot water systems or cooling towers can induce the infection of human lungs, leading to a severe pneumonia called legionellosis. Cyclic di‐GMP (c‐di‐GMP) in involved, in various bacterial species, in the motility‐to‐sessility transition, and in some pathogens, in virulence control. My work aims to demonstrate the involvement of signaling pathways that use c‐di‐GMP in virulence control and biofilm formation of L. pneumophila. This involvement was investigated by systematically inactivating each gene encoding a c‐di‐GMP‐metabolizing enzyme in L. pneumophila Lens strain. Our work revealed that 3 of these proteins, Lpl0780, Lpl0922 and Lpl1118 are specifically involved in virulence control and, particularly, in the early survival during host cell infection through the orchestration of virulence factors secretion within host cell. Lpl1118 is particularly required for replicative vacuole biogenesis. Five other proteins, participate in the formation and architecture of biofilms. One of them is more specifically involved in biofilm formation in the presence of nitric oxide. These results help to better understand the complexity and the specificity of c‐di‐GMP signaling pathways in L. pneumophila and should allow the exploration of more effective ways to fight this pathogen
Estupina, Corinne. "Effets du cycle sexuel, du stress aigu et de composés stéroi͏̈diens sur la sécrétion et la synthèse de la somatostatine hypothalamique : implication des voies glutamatergiques et gabaergiques." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON1T008.
Full textVoulhoux, Romé. "La voie Xcp chez pseudomonas aeruginosa : Un modèle d'étude de la voie générale de sécrétion." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22038.
Full textChoquet, Armelle. "Les voies d'inhibition de la cellule pariétale gastrique : action des prostaglandines." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON13503.
Full textPapin, Julien. "Bases moléculaires des défauts sécrétoires des cellules ß pancréatiques lors de la glucotoxicité." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13986/document.
Full textGlucotoxicity, or prolonged exposure to elevated levels of glucose, alters the function of pancreatic??-cells and is involved in diabetes pathogenesis. It has been demonstrated that glucotoxicity modifies gene expression and induces considerable changes in [Ca2+]i and in cAMP-dependent signalling (Dubois et al, Endocrinology, 148(4):1605-14 ; 2007) as well as a it decreases insulin exocytosis in response to glucose and increases apoptosis. The molecular mechanisms of these effects are not known but several observations suggest that changes in gene expression profiles are involved. To address that, a genomic study has been done in the clonal b-cell line INS-1E and revealed important modifications in the expression rates of many genes involved in glucose metabolism and vesicular traffic. This approach also revealed the alteration of cAMP-mediated signalling pathways and as the role of calcium and the importance of the correlation between cAMP and Ca2+-mediated signalling pathways had been shown, it was interesting to address the role of this second messenger in this process. Actually, cAMP regulates the activity of a large number of signalling proteins, it is also an important messenger involved in vesicular traffic, insulin secretion and gene expression. Interestingly, we also found that the expression of the adenylyl cyclase VIII (ADCY8) was largely diminished by glucotoxicity and this suggests that an alteration of cAMP synthesis could be involved in the decrease of insulin secretion in this condition. For this reason, we decided to address the functional consequences of altered ADCY8 expression on cAMP-mediated signalling pathways and on its correlation with the decrease of insulin secretion in glucotoxicity. Our results demonstrate a requirement for ADCY8 in glucose as well as in GLP-1 activated signalling pathways and strongly suggest a central role for ADCY8 in glucotoxicity. Moreover, recent publications suggest the implication of cAMP-mediated signalling pathways in the protection of b-cells against apoptosis induced by glucotoxicity, and the role of ADCY8 in this process was investigated
Bruneau, Alix. "Régulation de l'expression membranaire du transporteur de phospholipides biliaires ABCB4 : effet de mutations Functional Defect of Variants in the Adenosine Triphosphate–Binding Sites of ABCB4 and Their Rescue by the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Potentiator, Ivacaftor (VX-770) Structural analogues of roscovitine rescue the intracellular traffic and the function of ER-retained ABCB4 variants in cell models." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS048.
Full textABCB4 is exclusively expressed at the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes where its function is to translocate phosphatidylcholine (PC) into bile. Variations in ABCB4 gene sequence are associated with several chronic and progressive liver diseases. The most severe is PFIC3 which develops early in childhood and most often requires liver transplantation. Less severe diseases are the intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and the low phospholipid- associated cholelithiasis syndrome which occur in young adults. Up to now, about 500 disease-causing ABCB4 variants have been reported. A challenge is to find pharmacological treatments for the severe forms of the diseases. We have studied the effect of five disease-causing variations that reside in the highly conserved motifs of ABC transporters, involved in ATP binding. Using three-dimension structural modeling and in vitro studies, we showed that the five mutants were normally processed and targeted to the plasma membrane, whereas their PC secretion activity was dramatically decreased. PC secretion activity of the mutants was rescued by the clinically approved CFTR potentiator ivacaftor (VX-770). These results pave the way for personalized therapy in ABCB4-related diseases.The second part of my project was aimed at investigating the potential role of two ABCB4 partners, the kinase MRCKalpha and its effector the myosin light chain II (MLCII) in the expression and function of ABCB4. We found that downregulation of both partners didn’t affect the canalicular localization of ABCB4 but led to a reduction of its endocytosis. Our results open new insights into the mechanisms underlying the regulation of ABCB4 expression and function
Jutras, Isabelle. "Maturation et ciblage des protéines dans la voie de sécrétion régulée." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0015/NQ55464.pdf.
Full textPayet, Laurie-Anne. "Effets des acides gras saturés sur la voie de sécrétion. Relation avec la mucoviscidose." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2299/document.
Full textSaturated fatty acids (SFA) have been reported to alter organelle integrity in many cell types. This process, also known as lipotoxicity, has been proposed to be responsible for several human pathologies such as type 2 diabetes.At the cellular level, SFA accumulation is associated with an increase of the saturation rate of membrane phospholipids (PL), the major components of organelle membranes, and an increase of ceramides levels, implicated in apoptosis induction.In the first part of this work, we took advantage of a simple yeast-based model to study the relative contributions of saturated PL and ceramides to SFA cytotoxicity. We demonstrated that ceramides act early in the secretory pathway, while saturated PL impact the later steps, and particularly the formation of secretory vesicles.In parallel, we observed that SFA amounts were significantly increased in the membrane PL of cystic fibrosis (CF) patient cells. The most common mutation responsible for this genetic disease results in the retention of the corresponding protein in the endoplasmic reticulum. Pharmacological agents, which correct the mistrafficking of the protein, have been isolated in vitro, but they did not show significant improvements in clinical trials. We propose in the present manuscript, that SFA-related lipointoxication could be an important bottleneck for the use of these pharmacological agents in clinical trials
Page, Anne-Laure. "Les chaperons impliqués dans la voie de sécrétion de type III de Shigella flexneri." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077137.
Full textChapon, Virginie. "Régulation des gènes xcp codant pour la voie générale de sécrétion de Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX22008.
Full textGuédin, Sandrine. "L'hémagglutinine filamenteuse de Bordetella pertussis : voie de sécrétion et caractérisation de son transporteur FhaC." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-27.pdf.
Full textL'observation qu'un domaine globulaire entrave la sécrétion de la FHA via FhaC, suggère que la FHA pourrait transiter par le périplasme sans s'y replier, et traverser la membrane externe dans une conformation étendue. FhaC appartient à une famille de protéines de membrane externe (TpsB) toutes impliquées dans la sécrétion de facteurs de virulence et peu caracterisées. FhaC a été purifiée et incorporée dans des membranes artificielles ou elle formerait des canaux perméables aux sucres et aux ions. Nous avons également établi un modèle topologique de FhaC selon lequel FhaC formerait un tonneau dans la membrane externe, et l'avons testé par l'insertion aléatoire d'épitopes. Nos résultats ont confirmé que l'extrémité N-terminale est exposée à la surface cellulaire et que la moitié C-terminale forme un tonneau transmembranaire. Enfin, un changement de conformation a été mis en évidence dans la portion C-terminale de FhaC au cours de la sécrétion de la FHA
Quillet, Aurelien. "Role des microARNs dans le controle de la voie de la sécrétion régulée dans les phéochromocytomes." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR049/document.
Full textPheochromocytomas (PCC) are rare neuroendocrine tumors which arise from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. In most cases, PCCs are characterized by a hypersecretion of catecholamines, which is responsible for most of deleterious effects in the patients with hypertension being the main symptom (symptomatic pheochromocytomas, SP). However, some PCCs are asymptomatic and secrete physiological levels of catecholamines (Incidental Pheochromocytomas, IP). Among patients with an IP, some are hypertensive (HIP) and other are strictly normotensive (NIP). In order to better understand the different secretory profiles of PCCs (SP and IP), we investigated the potential role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in this process. We started by identifying differentially expressed miRNAs between 12 SP, 12 NIP and 8 SP. The miRNome was done by microfluidic qRT-PCR (Taqman Low Density Array, TLDA) for 671 miRNAs. Statistical analysis (Limma) of the expression results identified 4 miRNAs significantly over-expressed (hsa-miR-7-1-3p, 7-2-3p, 26a-1-3p et 550a-3p) and 3 under-expressed (497-3p, 32-5p, 190b-5p) in NIP tumors when compared to SP. To identify potential miRNAs’ targets, numerous bioinformatic prediction methods are available but their results are quite divergent. To circumvent this issue, we developed miRabel, a new miRNAs’ targets prediction tool and their associated biological functions. MiRabel aggregated the results of 3 other prediction algorithms selected for their features complementarity. The analysis of ROC, precision and recall curves showed that this tool is more efficient i) than the aggregated prediction methods and ii) than other recent or widely used tools such as miRWalk, MBSTAR and TargetScan. A Modular Enrichment Analysis (MEA, Genecodis3) of the miRNAs’ predicted targets revealed that they could potentially regulate the activity of a few pathways of which the actin cytoskeleton and the SNAREs (involved in vesicular transport). PAK3, MLCP, MLCK (Actin cytoskeleton), SNAP25 and STX1A (SNAREs) were selected to be experimentally validated based on miRNA’s expression, hybridization energy and potential physiological impact. Experimental validations of the selected interactions are achieved by luciferase gene reporter, RT-qPCR assays and western-blots following the transfection of studied miRNAs. Luciferase assays showed a direct interaction between the whole 3’UTR of MLCK mRNA and miR-32-5p, STX1A and miR-550a-3p, SNAP25 and miR-7-1-3p as well as miR-550a-3p. The other tested interactions came out to be negative. A significant decrease of MLCK mRNA and STX1A were observed by RT-qPCR analysis after transfecting miR-32-5p and miR-550a-3p respectively. As for SNAP25, the inhibitory effect of miR550a-3p/7-1-3p could be observed. This effect was confirmed at the protein level by western-blots for STX1A and SNAP25. We then evaluated the physiological effect of miR-550a-3p/7-1-3p on the regulated secretion of PC12 rat PCC cells. This was achieved using a nano-luciferase fused to growth hormone 1 (GH1). Once stimulated (59 mM potassium and 2 mM barium), miR-550a-3p over-expression decreased the secretory capacity of PC12 cells while miR-7-1-3p could not. This project represents the first study aiming to understand the regulation of the catecholamine secretion pathway by miRNAs in the pathophysiological context of PCC patients. Eventually, the characterization of this miRNA’s network should improve patient care in the field of hypersecreting neuroendocrine tumors
Élias, Salah. "Contribution à la caractérisation des mécanismes moléculaires impliquant la chromogranine A dans l'établissement de la voie de sécrétion régulée dans les cellules neuroendocrines." Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUES004.
Full textThe nature of the sorting signals for entry of proteins into the dense-core secretory granules (SG) and the molecular machinery required to generate SG remain unclear. Recent studies revealed that chromogranin A (CgA) deficiency is associated with hormone storage impairment, suggesting that CgA plays a major role in the formation of SG in neuroendocrine cells. The cloning of frog CgA revealed high conservation though evolution of the global acidity and of the terminal regions of the protein, suggesting that these features are essential for the biological activity of CgA. Expression of CgA in the non-endocrine COS-7 cells induced the formation of dense-core vesicles containing CgA. As SG in neuroendocrine cells, trafficking and exocytosis of CgA-containing granules required interactions with microtubules and actin filaments. These SG-like organelles were able to store hormones that could be released in a calcium-dependent manner. Deletion of the terminal regions of CgA resulted in a reorientation of the proteins from the regulated to the constitutive secretory pathway, indicating that these domains were essential for the formation of functional SG-like structures in COS-7 cells. Expression of CgA in the corticotrope AtT20 cells increased POMC levels in SG, whereas the expression of terminal deletion-mutants provoked retention of the hormone in the Golgi area. Thus, CgA, but not its truncated forms, promoted POMC sorting to the regulated secretory pathway. Our results demonstrate that CgA, through its conserved terminal domains, directs the formation of SG and the sorting and release of hormones
Renier, Sandra. "Déterminants protéiques de la voie de sécrétion Sec impliqués dans la formation de biofilm chez Listeria monocytogenes." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844396.
Full textRenier, Sandra Anne Angèle. "Déterminants protéiques de la voie de sécrétion Sec impliqués dans la formation de biofilm chez Listeria monocytogenes." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF22307/document.
Full textListeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogenic bacteria responsible for listeriosis, a rare but high mortality rate disease in humans (25 %). This bacterium can form biofilm allowing a better resistance to environmental stresses as well as decontamination treatments. A new strategy for genomic analysis was developed and allowed to target secretion systems and proteins potentially involved in biofilm formation. Inactivation of the SecA2 pathway leads to the formation of an aerial and fragile biofilm. This morphotype is able to grow in a sessile mode at 20 °C on polystyrene whereas this is not the case for the wild type strain. New proteins secreted in a SecA2 manner were identified by comparing the ΔsecA2 exoproteome to the one of the wild type. The role of lipoproteins in biofilm formation and their maturation by the signal peptidase II, LpsA and LspB, was also tackled. Combining expression analysis of genes encoding lipoproteins during biofilm formation with genomic analysis based on the secretome allowed targeting three lipoproteins, including LpeA, which appeared to be involved in the later stages of biofilm formation. Finally, the importance of LspA in the maturation of lipoproteins,was highlighted by comparing of the double mutant ΔlgtΔlspA and ΔlgtΔlspB exoproteomes to the one of Δlgt
Ferrandez, Yann. "Caractérisation du second système de sécrétion de type II chez la bactérie phytopathogène Erwinia chrysanthemi." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0109/these.pdf.
Full textIn Gram negative bacteria, ali the proteins destined for the outer membrane arc synthesized with a sequence signal which is cleaved during their routing. This cleavage is perfonned during the passage of the inner membrane, by LepB for outer membrane proteins (OMPs) or by LspA for lipoproteins. The sequencing of the genome of Dickeya dadamii allowed to bring to Light a second type II secretion machinery named Stt (for Second Type Two). Downstream to this system is a gene called pnlH, the product of which has homology with pectin lyases. The study of this protein showed that it is a substrate of the Stt machinery which allows its passage from the inner face to the outer face of outer membrane. In absence of Stt or in Escherichia coli, PnlH is localized in the inner face of the outer membrane. This anchoring is due to the terminal extremity of the protein which is not cleaved during the crossing of the inner membrane and contains all the information for the addressing of the protein. Indeed, the fusion of the first 41 amino acids of PnlH with proteins of various cellular compartments allows the addressing of these hybrids to the outer membrane. A more detailed analysis of this N-tenninal part shows characteristies of a Tat-dependant sequence signal, allowing the passage of the inner membrane by the Tat system. Analysis of mutants of the sequence signal or of the machinery Tat confirmed that this one is necessary for the passage of PnlH through the inner membrane. So, the analysis of the addressing of PnlH to the outer membrane allowed the identification a new way of routing of proteins to the outer membrane of bacteria. This new mechanism of targeting of proteins in the outer membrane is probably widespread because PnlH is also localized in the outer membrane when it is expressed in E. Coli. Since PnlH is not detected as a substrate of the Tat machinery by the prediction programs this suggests that other Tat targeted outer membrane proteins remain to be identified
Clément, Romain. "Influence de la petite protéine GTPasique Cdc42 sur la voie de sécrétion du canalCFTR dans des cellules épithéliales bronchiques." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2281/document.
Full textCystic Fibrosis is caused by CFTR gene mutations (p.Phe508del being the most frequently encountered). The CFTR protein functions as a chloride channel expressed at the plasma membrane of epithelial cells. Its productive folding in the endoplasmicreticulum (ER) is poorly efficient and unfolded proteins are therefore targeted to degradation. Nevertheless, a limited fraction of WT-CFTR acquires a native conformation and then progesses into the secretory pathway. In the case of Phe508del-CFTR, virtually all channels are degraded at this step except through corrector treatments. Under these conditions the mutant remains unstable at the plasma membrane (although it is functionnaly competent). Furthermore, it has been shown that fibrillar actin organization is involved in CFTR tethering to the cytoskeleton and channel stability. Moreover, the small GTPase Cdc42 promotes F actin nucleation. In the present study, we aimed at testing the involvement of Cdc42, and of some of its effectors, in WT-CFTR regulation in epithelial airway cells. In this context, Cdc42 pathway function was altered through pharmacological treatments or siRNAmediated depletions. Our results, mainly obtained via cell surface biotinylation assays, led us to propose that (1) Cdc42 is involved in misfolded CFTR degradation at early and late steps of the secretory pathway, and (2) Cdc42 pathway, through its F actin organization function, affects CFTR anchoring to the cytoskeleton and thus regulates its endocytosis
Michiels, Fabrice. "Résultats du traitement de la maladie de Cushing par adénomectomie transsphénoi͏̈dale." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2M134.
Full textGuérin, Jérémy. "Etude de la dynamique conformationnelle de FhaC, le transporteur membranaire de l'hémagglutinine filamenteuse de Bordetella pertussis." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S032/document.
Full textType V secretion in bacteria mediates the export to the cell surface of proteins, some of which have been identified as important factors of pathogenicity. Type V includes the secretion of autotransporters and the ‘Two-partner Secretion’ (TPS) pathway. Autotransporters consist of a β barrel domain and a passenger domain. The interaction of autotransporters with the Bam complex, of which the BamA transporter is the central component, allows the insertion of the β; barrel in the outer membrane and the secretion of passenger domain. In contrast, the two-partner secretion involves two proteins, the exported ‘TpsA’ protein and its TpsB partner that controls its transport across the outer membrane. TpsB proteins are specific to their associated TpsA(s) and belong to the superfamily of the Omp85 transporters, which carry out the insertion of proteins into the bacterial outer membrane, like BamA, or in the outer membranes of eukaryotic organelles including chloroplasts and mitochondria. For my PhD work, I have been interested in the secretion of filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), which is the major adhesin of Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. This adhesin allows the colonization by this bacterium of its host’s respiratory tract. This protein corresponds to a 220kD TpsA protein efficiently secreted by its specific transporter TpsB named FhaC. Crystallographic studies have revealed that FhaC harbours a 16-stranded β;-barrel occluded by both the N-terminal α;-helix, H1, shared by the majority of TpsB proteins, and by a surface loop, L6, that carries a conserved, hallmark motif of the Omp85 superfamilly. This conformation suggests that FhaC is in a resting state in which the channel does not transport its partner. To understand how the FHA passes through the FhaC pore, it is necessary to address the conformational changes undergone by FhaC. During my thesis work, we provided a more dynamic view of the TPS pathway using the FHA/FhaC couple as study model. For this we used Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). This biophysical technique allows to study of FhaC in solution or reincorporated into a lipid bilayer and it reports the mobility at specific sites of the protein by using paramagnetic probes. Thus we have shown that FhaC is in equilibrium between multiple conformations, with H1 in the pore or at the periplasmic side of FhaC. The presence of FHA displaces the conformational equilibrium, promoting the exit of the helix going from the pore. We have also experimentally demonstrated that FHA does transit through the pore formed by FhaC while helix H1 is then in the periplasm. The study of the L6 loop enabled us to show that the mobility of this loop is highly constrained in the pore and remains so upon the recognition of FHA. Its slow mobility is linked to an interaction between an invariant L6 residue and a conserved motif present on the β; strand 13 of the barrel. This interaction affects the size of the FhaC pore.More generally, the study of the dynamics of FhaC contributes to the understanding the molecular mechanisms of the TPS pathway and of transporters of the Omp85 superfamily
Hodak, Hélène. "Les partenaires et interactions périplasmiques au cours de la sécrétion de l'hémagglutinine filamenteuse par la voie à deux partenaires chez Bordetella pertussis." Lille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL2S005.
Full textSapriel, Guillaume. "Etude du rôle des protéines chaperon dans la sécrétion des protéines par la voie ABC (ATP-Binding Cassette) chez les bactéries à gram-négatif." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077222.
Full textSimard, François. "Régulation de l'expression génique et de la sécrétion des cytokines chez le neutrophile humain : implication de la voie des MAPK MEK/ERK et son découplage." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6361.
Full textArnoux, Pascal. "Étude structurale de la protéine HasA, un hémophore impliqué dans une voie originale d'acquisition du fer." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112081.
Full textDelattre, Anne-Sophie. "Etudes fonctionnelles de FhaC de Bordetella pertussis, transporteur prototype de protéines à grande taille chez les bactéries à Gram négatif." Thesis, Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL2S041.
Full textWhooping cough is an acute respiratory disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis. The filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) is an adhesin involved in colonization of the host’s respiratory tract, and a major vaccine antigen. FHA is transported to the cell surface by an outer membrane protein, FhaC by the two-partner secretion (TPS) pathway. The FHA/FhaC pair is a model for TPS systems. FhaC belongs to the TpsB/Omp85 superfamily whose members are found in the outer membranes of bacteria and organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria. The crystal structure of FhaC has been the first in this superfamily. The β barrel of FhaC is composed of 16 anti-parallel strands, linked by extracellular loops and periplasmic turns. The FhaC channel is blocked by an amino-terminal helix (H1) and a conserved extracellular loop (L6). The periplasmic domain of FhaC has two POTRA domains (“Polypeptide Transport Associated”) that are conserved in the TpsB/Omp85 superfamily and involved in protein-protein interactions. My PhD work aimed at investigating the molecular mechanisms of FHA secretion based on the FhaC structure. I analyzed the role of a conserved tetrad in the L6 loop, and I also characterized the determinants of interaction with FHA in the POTRA domains of FhaC. Our work has shown that the conserved VRGY tetrad of L6 is involved in FhaC’s function. Substitution of arginine and tyrosine by alanine (FhaC-R450A et FhaC-Y452A) indicated that the arginine residue is essential for FHA secretion. Moreover, the crystal structure of FhaC-R450A showed that the positioning of L6 is similar to that in the wild type protein. Channel analyses of both variants reconstituted in lipid bilayers indicated that the FhaC-Y452A channels are affected. Both substitutions have no effect on the recognition step in the periplasm. The arginine residue is thus most likely involved in a late step of FHA secretion, while the tyrosine residue might participate in the positioning of L6 positioning or the regulation of its mobility in the course of secretion; it could stabilize FhaC in its “resting state”. I also characterized the determinants of interaction with FHA of the POTRA domains of FhaC and showed that residues at the extremity of POTRA1 might be involved in FHA recruitment, probably by electrostatic interactions. Two major sites of interactions were identified in hydrophobic grooves in both POTRA1 and 2, which are in agreement with a model of interaction between the 2 proteins by “beta augmentation”. The FHA/FhaC pair is a model for the TPS pathway. Our results indicate that conserved structural motifs of FhaC are involved in the function of the protein and give new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the TPS pathway and of transporters of the TpsB/Omp85 superfamily
Samba, Louaka Ascel Régis. "Détermination de la voie de signalisation cellulaire eucaryote détournée par la protéine bactérienne Cif." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/614/.
Full textThe cycle inhibiting factor (Cif) belongs to a family of bacterial toxins, the cyclomodulins, that deregulate the host cell cycle. Upon injection into the host cell by pathogenic Escherichia coli, Cif inhibits G2/M transition via sustained inhibition of the mitosis inducer CDK1. I show that Cif induces not only G2 but also G1 cell cycle arrest depending on the stage of cells in the cell cycle during the infection. Those arrests were associated with stabilization of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21waf1 and p27kip1. CDKs complexes promote of the cell cycle transitions at both G1/S and G2/M. We recently demonstrated that functional Cif homologs are present in human pathogenic bacterial strains such as Burkholderia pseudomallei, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Photorhabdus asymbiotica and in symbiotic (for nematode) pathogenic (for insect) bacteria Photorhabdus luminescens. Those proteins, that share similar structures and catalytic sites, belong to the superfamily of enzymes including cystein proteases and acetyltransferases. Although the link between the activity and the cell cycle arrest remain to established, Cif proteins form a growing family of cyclomodulins that interact with very distinct hosts including insects, nematodes and humans. .
Raux, Maurice. "Evaluation et comparaison des immunoglobulines présentes dans les sécrétions de sujets infectés par le virus VIH-1. Application aux essais vaccinaux." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES044.
Full textDumont, Adélie. "L'action ambivalente de l'agent anti-cancéreux 5-Fluorouracile sur les cellules myéloïdes immunosuppressives sous contrôle de l'acide docosahexaénoïque : Rôle de l'inflammasome NLRP3 et de la voie JNK dans la sécrétion de l'IL-1beta." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCI013/document.
Full textA limitation to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) anti-cancer efficacy relies on the secretion of IL-1β by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) according to a previous pre-clinical report. The release of mature IL-1β originates from 5 FU mediated NLRP3 activation with increased caspase-1 activity in MDSC and sustains tumor growth recovery in 5 FU treated mice. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) belongs to omega-3 fatty acid family and harbors both anti cancer and anti inflammatory properties which might could improve 5 FU chemotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that DHA inhibits 5 FU induced IL 1β secretion produced by a MDSC cell line (MSC-2). In tumor-bearing mice treated with 5 FU, we showed that a DHA enriched diet reduces circulating IL 1β concentration and tumor recurrence after 5 FU injection. 5 FU treatment led to JNK activation in MDSC and JNK inhibitor SP600125 decreased IL 1β secretion. Moreover, DHA was able to counteract 5 FU mediated JNK activation in MDSC leading to the drop of IL 1β release. In addition, we showed that DHA supplementation in 5 FU exposed MDSC decreases caspase-1 activity along with a modification of the interactions between NLRP3 and caspase-1, ASC or β arrestin-2. Unexpectedly, the regulation of caspase-1 activity by DHA was independent of JNK which suggests that DHA could control IL 1β secretion through both NLRP3 inflammasome and JNK pathway. Interestingly, we found a negative correlation between DHA content in plasma and the induction of circulating IL 1β level or caspase-1 activity in patients treated with 5 FU based chemotherapy.Together, these data provide new insights on the regulation of IL 1β secretion by DHA and its potential benefit in 5-FU based chemotherapy
Rabhi, Nabil. "Régulation de l'homéostasie du glucose et de la sécrétion d'inuline par le cofacteur transcriptionnel KAT2B - implication dans le développement du diabète de type II : rôle de KAT2B dans la cellule β pancréatique." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S058.
Full textThe Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) unfolded protein response (UPRer) pathway plays an important role for pancreatic p cells to adapt their cellular responses to environmental cues and metabolic stress. Although altered UPRer gene expression appears in rodent and human type 2 diabetic (T2D) islets, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. We show here that germ-line and p-cell specific disruption of the lysine acetyltransferase 2B (Kat2b) gene in mice leads to impaired insulin secretion and glucose intolerance. Genome wide analysis of Kat2b-regulated genes and functional assays revealed a critical role for Kat2b in maintaining UPRer gene expression and subsequent p-cell function. Importantly, Kat2b expression was decreased in db/db and in human T2D islets and correlated with UPRer genes in normal human islets. In conclusion, Kat2b is a crucial transcriptional regulator for adaptive P-cell function during metabolic stress by controlling UPRer and represents a promising target for T2D prevention and treatment
Perrier, Anabelle. "Etude du trafic intracellulaire de la protéine M du coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (MERS-CoV)." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S018.
Full textCoronaviruses are an important family of emerging pathogens, as shown by therecent emergence of pathogenic SARS-CoV (Severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus) and MERS-CoV (Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus) in the lasttwo decades. There are still some knowledge gaps concerning the biology ofcoronaviruses and we do not have any specific treatment or vaccine.Among the four structural proteins of the virus, the M protein is considered to bethe motor of viral assembly. Expressed alone in cells, M proteins can go beyond theassembly site of the virus (Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment,ERGIC) in the secretory pathway. We confirmed MERS-M localization in the Trans-Golginetwork (TGN) and identified two signals involved in its intracellular trafficking in its Cterminaldomain: a DxE ER export signal, and a KxGxYR TGN retention signal. The DxEsignal was already identified on another viral protein, whereas the KxGxYR signal is anew motif. To confirm the role of KxGxYR signal in TGN retention, we constructedchimeras between MERS-M and the protein M of the Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV),located in the ERGIC. Our results suggest that for both MERS-M and IBV-M the Cterminaldomain is determinant for the specific localization of the proteins.We also initiated a project on the characterization of the antiviral activity ofdigoxigenin against HCoV-229E. Our results demonstrated that it inhibits HCoV-229E ata post-entry step, with an IC50 of 250nM, and that it is not toxic at this concentration.Digoxigenin also inhibits hepatitis C virus (HCV) and likely has an effect on an early stepof replication of RNA (+) viruses
Goueslain, Lucie. "GBF1 est un facteur cellulaire requis pour la réplication du virus de l'hépatite C." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00480397.
Full textPepin, Émilie. "Étude dans la cellule bêta pancréatique de voies inhibitrices de la sécrétion d'insuline liées au métabolisme des lipides." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9717.
Full textType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disease caused by genetic as well as environmental factors, such as sedentarity and obesity. Pancreatic β cell dysfunction is now recognized as the key factor in T2D development. Our laboratory is studying the mechanisms of regulation of insulin secretion by the pancreatic β cell in response to nutrients. While the knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for initiation of insulin secretion in response to glucose and fatty acids is quite advanced, the inhibitory processes of insulin secretion in normal or pathological situations are still poorly understood. This doctoral thesis has focused on the identification of some of the mechanisms responsible for negative regulation of insulin secretion in pancreatic β cell. We have addressed this issue under normal situation or pathological conditions related to T2D. We first tested the hypothesis by which a mitochondrial enzyme, short-chain hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCHAD), negatively regulates glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS) by limiting the concentrations of some fatty acids and their derivatives such as acyl-CoA or acyl-carnitine molecules in the β cell. For this purpose, the downregulation of SCHAD by RNA interference (RNAi) was used in the pancreatic β cell line INS832/13. Then, we tested wether a prolonged administration of high-fat diet to mice (diet-induced obesity mouse model, DIO) would modulate intracellular metabolic and molecular pathways responsible for inhibition of insulin secretion. C57BL/6 mice were therefore fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks followed by insulin secretion, intracellular lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function and intracellular signaling measurements on isolated pancreatic islets of Langerhans of those mice. Our results suggest that SCHAD negatively regulates GIIS and amino acid-induced insulin secretion. We propose that fatty acid oxidation by SCHAD would prevent the accumulation of short-chain acyl-CoAs or acyl-carnitines capable of potentiating insulin secretion. In addition, SCHAD regulates glutamate metabolism by the allosteric inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) preventing the hyperinsulinemia caused by excessive GDH activity. The study of β cell dysfunction in the DIO mouse model stratified LDR and HDR highlighted various fatty acid metabolism pathways involved in the reduction of GIIS. A decrease in the triglycerides/free fatty acid (TG/FFA) cycling associated with an increase in fatty acid oxidation and intracellular accumulation of cholesterol was shown to contribute to the decreased GIIS in DIO-HDR mice. Furthermore, alteration of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase C epsilon (PKC epsilon) signaling pathways would be responsible for those alterations in metabolic pathways observed in DIO islets and cause decreased insulin secretion. In summary, we have shed light on important pathways negatively regulating insulin secretion in pancreatic β cell. These pathways could either limit the amplitude or duration of insulin secretion after a meal, or help to preserve β-cell function by delaying exhaustion. Some of those signaling pathways could explain the altered insulin secretion observed in T2D obese patients. In light of our research, the development of therapies targeting pathways that negatively regulate insulin secretion may be beneficial for treating diabetic patients.
Bergeron, Valérie. "Étude des voies de signalisation en aval du récepteur FFA1/GPR40 dans la cellule bêta pancréatique." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20252.
Full textGouronnec, Alizée. "Analyse protéomique de la sénescence induite par la chimiothérapie dans le cancer de l'ovaire." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25172.
Full textPatients treated for an advanced ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) have a poor 5-year survival rate due to treatment resistance. Since 30 years, the therapeutic strategy consists of a combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel (CP). It is of the upmost urgency to find new treatments against this cancer. We studied the impact of CP treatment on an OCCC cell line and observed that it induced a senescence state in the cells. Senescent cells do not proliferate anymore but have a huge impact on their microenvironment by secreting a complex mix of molecules. We need to know better the characteristics of chemotherapy-induced senescent cells to be able to target them with new treatments. Consequently, we studied the cell surface proteins of senescent cells with a cutting-edge proteomic method. We found that the protein DNAJC5 was upregulated at the cell surface of senescent cells. This chaperone is implicated in exo- and endocytosis mechanisms, as well as in a non-conventional secretion pathway. We wanted to know if this pathway was activated in senescent cells and we studied the impact of DNAJC5 inhibition on the cell proteotoxicity and on senescence establishment. Our first results suggest that DNAJC5 would have a role in senescence, which has never been observed. In the future, this discovery could contribute to the development of new treatments for the COCC.
Mugabo, Yves. "Métabolisme du glucose et du glycérol dans la cellule pancréatique β et les hépatocytes et identification des voies de détoxification du glucose." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18550.
Full textMeilleur, Caroline. "Étude de la sécrétion de la prosomatostatine humaine dans les cellules AtT20." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14786.
Full textRenaud, Christian. "Étude de la sécrétion de la leptine gastrique chez le rat." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15289.
Full textAntón, Angela. "Déterminants du mécanisme de ciblage de la proprotéine convertase PC5-A vers la voie de sécrétion régulée." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15533.
Full textTurcotte, Cynthia. "Caractérisation de la voie permettant la viabilité de Schizosaccharomyces pombe en l'absence de calnexine." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15236.
Full textMaréchal, Alexandre. "Implication de la chaperone calnexine dans le processus de sécrétion et la survie de la levure Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14776.
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