Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Voies cellulaires'
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MAULON, FERAILLE LAURENCE. "Caracerisation des voies de signalisation induites par la thrombine dans les cellules jurkat." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE5364.
Full textDesquiret, Valérie. "Mitochondrie et stress énergetique : voies de signalisation et adaptations cellulaires." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433520.
Full textMordant, Pierre. "Cancer bronchique primitif, voies de signalisation intra-cellulaires et modèles précliniques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809668.
Full textKahale, Elham. "Nouvelles voies cellulaires Th2 dans la prévention du diabète de la souris NOD." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10221.
Full textInsulino-deficiency of type 1 diabetes results from an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells. Progressive islet infiltration by autoreactive T lymphocyte represents the first histopathological lesion of the disease “insulitis”. Development of diabetes results from a breakdown in tolerance to pancreatic islet antigens and the inability of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) to counteract autoreactive T cells, these cells specifically express L-selectin, CD62L. The balance between T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokines subsets in the pancreas and pancreactic lymph nodes (PLN) is one of determining factors in diabetes development. In this work we demonstrate that a subset of CD4+T lymphocytes expressing CXCR4, a chemokine receptor, block the capacity of diabetogenic T cells to transfer diabetes in NOD mouse, a model of type 1 diabetes. We also demonstrate that inhibition of CXCR4 by AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, accelerates autoimmune diabetes by inhibiting Th2-mediated immune responses. These CD4+CXCR4+ cells express CD62L. We also study another immunosuppression mechanism induced by Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC). We demonstrate that MSC protect NOD mice from diabetes in a co-transfer model. These cells inhibit in vitro allogenic responses by increasing Th2 cytokines: IL4 and IL10
Vilmont, Valérie. "Nouvelles voies de régulation des localisations intra- et extra-cellulaires de la protéine FADD." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T003.
Full textThe FADD protein (Fas associated death domain) is the key adaptor molecule of the apoptotic signaling pathway triggered by death receptors of the TNF (Tumor necrosis factor) superfamily. During the last decade, it became obvious that, in addition to its major role in cell death, the protein was also involved in other biological processes like the embryonic development, the immune response or even cell cycle progression. Evidence also showed that the protein sub-cellular localization was a key determinant to its functions. Therefore, the identification of underlying regulatory mechanisms dictating FADD expression was of significant importance. In 2008 our laboratory identified, in a thyroid murine model, a new mechanism controlling FADD expression, namely via secretion. We discovered that the loss of FADD expression from tumor cells, by secretion, could be correlated to cancer aggressiveness as well as inflammation (Tourneur 2012). The goal of this thesis work was to apprehend the mechanism by which FADD was secreted and determine, in that case, the modalities of this regulation. A third objective of this work was to identify new potential regulatory pathways of FADD expression. By means of a human cell line model, we showed that, similarly to the mouse model, the expression of human FADD could be regulated via unconventional secretion. In parallel to the characterization of the secretory process itself, we demonstrated that secretion could be negatively regulated by the anti-apoptotic kinase CK2 (casein kinase 2). Finally, we showed that CK2 could regulate FADD nuclear localization via a regulatory sub-unit-dependent phosphorylation and that FADD and CK2 could directly interact. These results are the first to demonstrate that human FADD expression could be regulated via secretion and that FADD sub-cellular localization could be modulated by CK2. The consequences of such regulation with regards to known FADD functions are discussed
Grandordy, Béatrice. "Messagers intra-cellulaires du muscle lisse de voies aeriennes et des cellules inflammatoires pulmonaires." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05S005.
Full textGavard, Julie. "Réponses cellulaires et voies de signalisation induites par l'activation du récepteur d'adhérence : n-cadhérine." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066128.
Full textSicotte, Andréane. "Les voies de recyclage membranaire associées à la dynamique de l'actine contribuent au remodelage des organelles qui exécutent la mort cellulaire programmée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27828/27828.pdf.
Full textFauteux, Myriam. "Effet des pesticides retrouvés dans l'eau potable du Québec sur deux voies de signalisations cellulaires." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10652.
Full textDubessy, Christophe. "Hétérogénéité clonale de lignées cellulaires de carcinomes épidermoïdes des voies aéro-digestives supérieures après exposition aux radiations ionisantes : Prolifération cellulaire, mort cellulaire radio-induite et voies de détoxification des espèces réactives de l'oxygène (Doctorat : Génie biologique et médical)." Nancy 1, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1999_0314_DUBESSY.pdf.
Full textHUBEAU, CEDRIC. "Caracteristiques cellulaires de l'inflammation dans les voies aeriennes de patients mucoviscidosiques (doctorat : genie biologique et medical)." Reims, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REIMM202.
Full textBekkar, Mohammed. "Formation de voies hybride analogique-numérique pour la réduction d'interférences dans les réseaux cellulaires de nouvelle génération." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT007.
Full textBeamforming is a signal processing method used in antenna arrays, allowing to enhance directions of emission or reception of signals by controlling the different elements.In mobile networks especially, it allows interference reduction in base stations.Its full digital impementation is limited by energy consumption and cost when increasing the number of antennas.As a response, hybrid analog-digital implementation could be used to reduce the number of radiofrequency (RF) chains as well as the number of analog-to-digital converters.In this implementation, the analog stage could be realised using different types of devices (phase shifters, amlifiers/attenuators, variable impedances) and with a variable connectivity to the antenna array.Nevertheless, if we want to keep a simple RF circuitry by using phase shifters only to tune the analog beamformer, the problem of optimising these weights becomes non-convex.The current works on small cell networks show that the interference between base station is one of the limiting factors of the coverage and the datarate.Furthermore, in a full digital implementation, the presence of strong blockers leads to analog-to-digital converters saturation or desensitization.The purpose of this work is the study of hybrid beamforming with phase-only implementation, as well as to propose an algorithm to compute the beamforming matrices, to reduce the received interference in a small cell.After a description and a state-of-the-art, we preliminarily proposed an interference characterization using an algebraic angle between the signals of interest vectors and the interference vectors, which allowed us to obtain a lower bound on the SINR performance of the optimal beamformer.We have then proposed a sub-optimal solution of hybrid phase-only beamforming, which when using an infinite resolution digitization, has a low loss as compared to a solution using modulus and phase.Secondly, we introduced an analog-to-digital converter model, which allowed us to bring out the limitations of the first appproach as well as of the full digital implementation, in the presence of strong blockers.Afterwards, we proposed an optimisation algorithm of the analog stage, based on a semidefinite relaxation.The peroformance of this algorithm, in terms of SINR and sumrate are close to the benchmark with full degree of freedom, modulus and phase.In comparison, the performance state-of-the-art tested solutions using non-convex cost function are lower and depend on initialization point
Leal, Sanchez Juana. "Rôle de la protéine Daxx dans la signalisation des récepteurs TCR et Fas, deux voies de signalisation principales de l'homéostasie lymphocytaire T." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4055.
Full textDaxx (Death Associated protein) is a multifunctional adaptor protein involved in several signalling pathways. During my PhD, I studied the role of Daxx in T cell homeostasis, focussing on its role in Fas and TCR-CD3 signalling pathways. The activation of Fas pathway, by the engagement of the receptor Fas by its ligand, induces cell death. After activation, the proteins Fadd and Caspase 8 are recruited to Fas, forming the Death Inducing Signalling Complex (DISC). We have shown that, in T cells, Daxx is also recruited to Fas after activation, enhancing the DISC formation. In fact, in T cells in which Daxx has been abolished (by the overexpressing a dominant negative form of Daxx (Daxx-DN) or by siRNA technique) Fas-induced cell death is inhibited because of the impaired Daxx recruitment to the receptor, preventing DISC formation. On the other hand, the activation of TCR-CD3 signalling pathway by the antigen in T cells generates a signal inducing proliferation. The recruitment of the protein ZAP70 to the TCR-CD3 complex and its phosphorylation are initial steps of this pathway. We have shown that Daxx is also recruited to TCR-CD3 complex, what prevents the recruitment of phosphorylated ZAP70 to the signalling complex and so inhibits TCR-induced proliferation. Indeed, we have observed, in vivo and in vitro, that TCR-induced proliferation is increased in T cells in which Daxx has been abolished because of the impaired recruitment of Daxx to the TCR-CD3 complex, enhancing phosphorylated ZAP70 recruitment. All together, these results show that Daxx is a critical regulator element in T cell homeostasis
Bernard, Karen. "Identification et caractérisation de modulateurs de la sécrétion d'ions chlorure dans différents modèles cellulaires de l'épithélium bronchique humain." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE4022.
Full textThe airway epithelium secretes salt and fluid to maintain the optimal of the airway surface liquid. The CFTR CL-channel role in these transports is crucial as underlined by the discovery of CFTR gene mutations, which are responsible for the cystic fibrosis disease. A therapeutic approach would be to stimulate the activity of alternatives CL-channels to overcome the loss of functional CFTR. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanisms underlying the regulation of these secretion pathways. This work shows the key role of SK4 channels in modulating airway epithelium CL-secretion. Their opening at the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells creates the driving force for CL-transport. In addition, their preferential location at the apical site of the goblet cells, which secrete mucins, suggest a specific role of these channels in this cellular population subtype. NACL transport of airways is under control of various factors such as neurotransmitters and extracellular nucleotides. This study is the first to report the stimulation of CL-seretion of a human bronchial epithelial cell line by neuropeptides belonging the arginin vasopressin family. The induced response is mediated by V1 and V2 receptors to vasopressin and the stimulated effectors are CFTR and SK4 channels. The stimulation of basolateral transporter activity us also supposed. This work also underlines the importance of purinergic P2Y6 receptors in the stimulation of anion secretion of the cellular models used in this study
Bacquart, Thierry. "Étude des voies de signalisation cellulaires mises en jeu par la galanine dans les cellules hypophysaires tumorales de rat (GH3)." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28426.
Full textContesto, Céline. "Recherche des voies de régulation impliquées dans les réponses cellulaires et moléculaires d'Arabidopsis thaliana à une rhizobactérie bénéfique (Phyllobacterium brassicacearum)." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20032.
Full textSingh, Nihar Ranjan. "Stress glycoxydant et physiopathologie cellulaire dans le cadre du diabète-obésité : identification de voies physiologiques altérées au niveau de cultures cellulaires humaines traitées avec des produits avancés de glycation." La Réunion, 2008. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/08_04-nihar-singh.pdf.
Full textProteins glycoxidation can lead to the formation of Advanced Glycoxidation Endproducts (AGEs), which induce various deleterious effects on cells. I studied the impact of glycoxidation modification on albumin structures and antioxidant properties and identified altered physiological pathways in cell cultures (monocytes and adipocytes) incubated with AGEs. I first reviewed recent insights on albumin antioxidant properties. Secondly, I studied the effect of glucose or methylglyoxal-induced oxidative modifications on bovine serum albumin (BSA) or human serum albumin (HSA) protein structures and on THP1 monocyte physiology. Also, and at the adipocyte level, I proceeded to the identification of specifically carbonylated targets following 2D gels analyses. Finally I identified proteins which expression levels were impaired by AGEs treatment in adipose cells. My work brings new insights about an association of oxidative damage with the progression of diabetes disorders at the monocyte and adipocyte levels
Rebucci, Magali. "Mécanismes de résistance au cetuximab et influence des associations de traitement dans des lignées cellulaires de cancers de voies aérodigestives supérieures." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576444.
Full textFraineau, Sylvain. "Effets cellulaires et voies de signalisation activés par le facteur anticoagulant, la protéine S, sur les cellules endothéliales : implication lors de l'angiogenèse." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2307/document.
Full textAngiogenesis is a physiological process that leads to new blood vessel formation and is regulated by a balance between pro-and anti-angiogenic endogenous factors. Disruption of this balance leads to many pathologies such as ischemia, retinopathies or tumor growth. Because endothelial cells, the main cellular type composing blood vessels, produce the anticoagulant factor, protein S and express its tyrosine kinase receptors Tyro3, Axl and Mer, we investigated the implication of protein S in angiogenesis. In the first part of this work, we demonstrated that protein S inhibits pro-angiogenic factors (VEGFA and FGF2)-induced angiogenesis in vivo. We also observed an inhibition of VEGFA-dependent endothelial cell proliferation and migration induced by protein S. These effects were correlated with protein S induced inhibition of VEGFA-dependent MAP-Kinases (Erk1, Erk2) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PIK3) activation. Furthermore, we demonstrated, using pharmacological inhibitors and small interfering RNAs, that protein S inhibits VEGFA-induced VEGFR-2 activation through Mer receptor activation and SHP2 protein phosphatase recruitment. In the second part, we demonstrated that, protein S on its own, is able to induce MAP-kinases pathway activation and endothelial cells proliferation. These cellular and molecular effects involved Mer receptor and SHP2 protein activation and required protein kinase SRC recruitment. Our results describe for the first time that protein S is an endogenous regulator for angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo and may form the framework for the use of protein S as part of an anti-angiogenic treatment
Defacque-Lacquement, Hélène. "Interférences entre les voies signalétiques de l'acide rétinoi͏̈que et de la vitamine D dans la différenciation de lignées myélomonocytaires humaines." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20010.
Full textLiesecke, Franziska. ""Coupable par association" : exploitation de ressources transcriptomiques pour la construction de réseaux de co-expression de gènes dédiés à l'élucidation de voies cellulaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR3802.
Full textWith the rise of high throughput technologies able to provide a large-scale view of transcriptomes, a highamount data has been produced. This work focuses on publicly available data reuse to construct gene coexpressionnetworks for metabolic or signalling pathways elucidation. The final aim of this work, was toprovide a methodology for candidate gene identification and thus focuses on (i) the choice of an appropriateddistance to evaluate similarity between gene expression profiles, (ii) the identification of a minimal numberof samples to be included in the expression matrix in order to construct robust co-expression networks, andfinally (iii) the comparison of targeted co-expression networks built with the Pathway Level Co-expression(PLC) approach and using guide genes coding actors of the Multi Step Phosphorelay (MSP) among differentspecies
Lefer, Damien. "Étude des mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires de la mémorisation à long terme chez l'abeille : voies de signalisation impliquées et réorganisation des circuits neuronaux." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1685/.
Full textMemory formation is based on the modification of neuronal connections, which thus define a "memory trace". In particular, an intense or repeated learning process may lead to the formation of a long-term memory (LTM) after a period of consolidation, during which the memory trace changes from a labile to a stable state. Studies of the molecular mechanisms of consolidation in different learning paradigms have shown that these are highly conserved between species. Consolidation depends on protein synthesis (transcription and translation), as well as specific signaling cascades such as signaling based on the activation of the transcription factor CREB (cAMP responses element binding protein). We were interested in the molecular and cellular bases of the consolidation of olfactory associative memory in the honeybee (Apis mellifera). For this, we used the proboscis extension reflex (PER) conditioning paradigm, which allows this model species to learn and remember an association between an odor and a sucrose reward. Our study focuses specifically on the signaling pathways and processes of structural reorganization of the neural network associated with the formation of the most stable form of transcription-dependent LTM: the late long-term memory (l-LTM). The objectives were (i) to clarify the characteristics and molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of the l-LTM and (ii) to study the involvement of these mechanisms in the structural reorganization of the bee olfactory pathway, associated with l-LTM formation. By focusing our analysis on the part of memory specific of the odor-sugar association, we showed first that l-LTM is induced specifically by conditioning using several trials separated by enough time, and requires two successive waves of transcription, an earlier one and a later one. We then hypothesized that the early wave of transcription was induced, at least in part, after CREB activation. We thus evaluated the effects of CREB inhibition on l-LTM: our data suggest that this transcription factor could play a non-exclusive role, apparently localized in the antennal lobes (first olfactory centers), in LTM consolidation. We have also discovered a modulation of l-LTM by a signaling pathway involving probably L-arginine, whose precise molecular substrates remain to be identified. Subsequently, we investigated the possible involvement of nitric oxide and calcium, in the formation of neural changes associated with this form of memory. Indeed, these two signaling pathways have been identified previously as being important for long-term memory. We therefore sought to highlight changes in structural changes associated with l-LTM after interfering with either pathway (using pharmacological treatments). For this, we looked for changes of volume and density affecting the functional neuropilar units of the olfactory pathway, respectively the antennal lobe glomeruli and mushroom body microglomeruli. Though the lack of reproducibility of data prevented us from concluding about a role for nitric oxide signaling, our results indicate the involvement of calcium signaling in the reorganization of the bee's olfactory system in the mushroom bodies, associated with l-LTM formation. Overall, these results have led to better characterize the mechanisms of long-term memory in the honeybee, showing similarities with other species. They open new perspectives for studying the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity associated with memory in this model
Ababou, Mouna. "Etude de l'implication de l'hélicase BLM, altérée dans le syndrome de Bloom, dans les voies de réponse cellulaires induites par des stress génotoxiques." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112317.
Full textBloom's syndrome (BS) is a rare human autosomal recessive disorder characterized by an increased risk to develop cancer of all types. BS cells are characterized by a generalized genetic instability including a high level of sister chromatid exchanges. BS arises through mutations in both alleles of the BLM gene which encodes a 3'-5' DNA helicase identified as a member of the RecQ family. We showed that BLM protein expression is regulated during the cell cycle, accumulating to high levels in S phase, persisting in G2/M and sharply declining in G1, suggesting a possible implication of BLM in a replication (S phase) and/or post-replication (G2 phase) process. On the other hand, we showed that, in response to ionizing radiation, BLM-deficient cells exhibit a normal p53 response as well as an intact GUS cell cycle checkpoint, which indicates that ATM and p53 pathways are functional in BS cells. We also show that the BLM defect is associated with a partial escape of cells from the g-irradiation-induced G2/M cell cycle checkpoint. Finally, we present data demonstrating that, in response to ionizing radiation, BLM protein is phosphorylated and accumulates through an ATM-dependent pathway. Altogether, our data indicate that BLM participates in the cellular response to ionizing radiation by acting as an ATM kinase downstream effector. We also show that following UVC treatment, BLM-deficient cells exhibit a reduction in the number of replicative cells, a partial escape from the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint, and have an altered p21 response. Surprisingly, we found that hydroxyurea-treated BLM-deficient cells exhibit an intact S-phase arrest, proper recovery from the S phase arrest, and intact p53 and p21 responses. We also show that the level of BLM falls sharply in response to UVC radiation. This UVC-induced reduction in BLM does not require a functional ATM gene and does not result from a sub-cellular compartment change. Finally, we demonstrate that exposure to UVC and hydroxyurea treatment both induce BLM phosphorylation via an ATM-independent pathway. Furthermore, we report the cleavage of the Bloom's syndrome protein (BLM) in hydroxyurea (HU)- or UVC-induced apoptosis. Appearance and solubility of BLM proteolytic products differed whether proteolysis occurred in response to HU or UVC. One BS cell line homozygous for a null mutation in BLM was found resistant to both UVC- and HU-induced apoptosis. Another one expressing a mutated BLM protein resisted HU-induced apoptosis, but displayed a normal sensitivity to UVC. Thus, UVC and HU appear to induce apoptosis through distinct pathways
Escande, Aurélie. "Développement de tests cellulaires pour la détection de ligands des récepteurs des oestrogènes et de la dioxine : application à l'étude des interférences transcriptionnelles entre les voies de signalisation de ces récepteurs." Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON1T028.
Full textMagné, Nicolas Charles. "Le récepteur d'EGF [Epidermal Growth Factor] : facteur pronostique dans les cancers épidermoïdes des voies aérodigestives supérieures et explorations pré-cliniques de son ciblage thérapeutique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2002AIX20667.pdf.
Full textBrisac, Cynthia. "Etudes des facteurs viraux et cellulaires impliqués dans les voies de signalisation pro- et anti-apoptotiques induites par le poliovirus dans les cellules neuronales humaines." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0025.
Full textPoliovirus (PV), a member of the genus Enterovirus in the Picornaviridae family, is the etiological agent of acute paralytic poliomyelitis (APP). Flaccid paralysis characteristic of APP results from the destruction of motor neurons in the spinal chord associated with PV replication. Works with mice and cellular models indicate that motor neuron destruction is associated with an apoptotic process. Recently, work in our laboratory with human neuronal IMR5 cells has shown that this process involves mitochondrial dysfunction dependent on the pro-apoptotic protein Bax (Bcl-2 Associated X protein), mediated by JNK (c-Jun NH2-terminal Kinase) activation. We found that early after infection, PV also activates the PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/Akt survival signaling pathway in these cells, limiting the extent of JNK activation, and thereby cell death (Autret A. Et al, Journal of Virology, 2008). This survival pathway may limit the spread of PV-induced damage in the central nervous system during poliomyelitis. Moreover, we demonstrated that PV infection induced calcium flux from the endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria, and that this contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis (Brisac C. Et al. Journal of Virology, 2010). Finally, we have initiated studies of the involvment of viral non structural (NS) proteins, and their potential cellular partners, in cell signaling and PV cytopathogenicity. It would be interesting to extend this study to the NS proteins of other enteroviruses, notably coxsackievirus A 11, 13 and 17. Indeed, the sequences from these viruses encoding NS proteins have been found in the genomes of circulating neuropathogenic vaccine-derived PV (cVDPV) responsible for APP epidemics in Madagascar in 2001/2002 and 2005. These studies should help elucidate the high cytopathogenicity and emergence of cVDPV. Moreover, they may lead to the identification of new virulence factors
Téoulé, François. "Etude des interactions entre les facteurs viraux et cellulaires impliqués dans la réplication virale et les voies de signalisation au cours de l’infection par le poliovirus." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS0023.
Full textPoliovirus (PV), an Enterovirus of the Picornaviridae family, is the causal agent of acute paralytic poliomyelitis (APP). APP is characterised by flaccid paralysis due to the destruction of motor neurons by apoptosis following PV replication. We have shown, in particular, that the transfer of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria contributes to the apoptosis induced by PV (Brisac et al. , 2010). This apoptotic process also involves the replication and synthesis of viral non-structural (NS) proteins. We have identified two cellular proteins interacting with the NS 3A protein of PV: ACBD3 (acyl-coenzyme A binding domain-containing 3) and CREB3 (cyclic AMP response element-binding protein). We have shown that ACBD3 modulates the rate of PV replication (Téoulé et al. , in revision), whereas CREB3 may be involved in regulating cell signalling and apoptosis during infection
Moreau, Kévin. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle des voies cellulaires détournées au cours de l'infection in vitro par les Yersinia : rôle de l'autophagie dans la survie intracellulaire de Yersinia pseudotuberculosis dans les macrophages." Lille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL2S002.
Full textFremond-Laizeau, Cécile. "Etude des récepteurs de reconnaissance et des voies de signalisation mis en oeuvre lors de la réponse aux mycobactéries dans les modèles murins de tuberculose à Mycobacterium bovis BCG et Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE2048.
Full textVercoutère, Barbara. "Voies et régulations du métabolisme hépatique de la glutamine chez des souris normales et déficientes en récepteur à l'hormone thyroïdienne par invalidation de gènes : aspects cellulaires et moléculaires." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10202.
Full textIshac, Nicole. "Comment deux lignées cellulaires stromales mésenchymateuses humaines récapitulent in vitro le microenvironnement hématopoïétique ? : Intérêt en ingénierie." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR4038/document.
Full textHematopoiesis occurs in a hypoxic microenvironment or niche in which hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are in close contact with mesenchymal stromal cells. Cellular interactions as well as microenvironmental factors such as reactive oxygen species are crucial for the maintenance of normal and leukemic HSCs. Developing an in vitro human culture system that closely mimcs marrow physiology is therefore essential to study the niche. Here, we present a model using two human stromal cell lines, HS-27a and HS-5. Previously poorly described in the literature, we have further characterized both of these cell lines. The first objective was to assess the quality of HS-27a and HS-5 niches by investigating their cellular, molecular and functional characteristics. Our results clearly show that HS-27a cells display features of a “quiescent” niche whereas HS-5 cells rather represent a “proliferative” niche. The second objective was to engineer a hematopoietic niche where the oxidative metabolism is optimized for the expression of an antioxidant protein, glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3). The originality of this work is the use of a non-viral gene transfer system by using the transposon piggyBac. This strategy was achieved by delivering a DNA plasmid carrying the gene of interest, and an mRNA source of transposase, the enzyme which catalyzes the transgene integration. Functionally, GPx3 was shown to be a key regulator for sustaining hematopoietic homeostasis by maintaining immature progenitor cells. For the first time, an original non-viral gene transfer has been used to create an in vitro hematopoietic niche that recapitulates the complexity of normal and leukemic microenvironment. This niche not only provides a platform to identify regulatory factors controlling medullary cells, but may also help in the development of targeted therapeutic strategies
Hedhili, Sabah. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de facteurs de transcription impliqués dans la régulation de gènes des voies de biosynthèse des alcaloïdes monoterpéniques indoliques et des proanthocyanidines en suspensions cellulaires chez Catharanthus roseus." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR4007.
Full textCrMYC2 is a C. Roseus bHLH transcription factor isolated by a yeast one hybrid screening using the G-box element of the Strictosidine synthase (Str) gene promoter as bait. The Str gene encodes a key enzyme of TIAs biosynthesis. Crmyc2 gene expression is induced early by methyl jasmonate and elicitor treatments. CrMYC2 has no impact on the Str or Ban promoters. Ban encodes for the anthocyanidin reductase, an enzyme involved in the proanthocyanidins biosynthesis. CrMYC2 activates expression of the Gus gene placed under the control of the Jasmonate Responsive Element of the Orca3 promoter. Orca3 encodes for a transcription factor involved in the regulation of the expression of several genes encoding enzymes of the TIAs biosynthesis pathway. A structure/function analysis of CrMYC2 nuclear targeting showed that each nuclear localization signals alone is not functional and that three domains are essentials and cooperate for CrMYC2 nuclear import
Saab, Léa. "Hépatotoxicité idiosyncrasique liée à un stress inflammatoire : modèle de prédiction et mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ027/document.
Full textIdiosyncratic adverse drug reactions (IADRs) are considered as an important subset of ADRs, accounting for approximately 13% ofall acute liver failure cases and representing one of the leading causes for post-marketing drug withdrawal (Shaw et al. 2010). The lack of effective in vitro or in vivo models able to predict the hepatotoxic potential of idiosyncratic drugs before being approved formarketing on one hand, and the ambiguity of the mechanisms underlying their hepatic pathogenesis on the other hand render IADRs a perplexing human health problem (Shaw et al. 2010). Accordingly, the work presented in this thesis was based on three main objectives: 1) Development of a high throughput human-based cellular model for the prediction of inflammation associated idiosyncratic drug-induced hepatotoxicity; based on the synergistic exposure of HepG2 cells to potentially hepatotoxic drugs and proinflammatory mediators (LPS and TNF- ). 2) Elucidation of the hepatotoxic mechanisms underlying four known idiosyncratic drugs (trovafloxacin, nimesulide, telithromycin and nefazodone) with emphasis on oxidative stress, steatosis and cholestasis.3) Investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying drug-inflammation synergistic induction of hepatocellular death Firstly, the results attained in this thesis demonstrated that the developed model is sensitive, specific and applicable to high throughputtoxicity screening of different categories of drugs. Secondly, our results demonstrated that the inflammation associated hepatotoxicpotentials of the four tested idiosyncratic drugs are mediated as follows: trovafloxacin exerts a cholestatic potential that involves thedown-regulation of both MDR1 and MRP2. Nimesulide promotes the intracellular accumulation of superoxide anions in addition topotently inhibiting MRP2. Telithromycin promotes hepatotoxicity predominately via a cholestatic mechanism that involves the downregulation of MDR1. Nefazodone favors the accumulation of superoxide anions in addition to its prominent steatotic potential and inhibitory effect on both MDR1 and MRP2. Although each of the idiosyncratic drugs exhibited a different mechanism of toxicity they all induced amplified hepatocellular death in presence of LPS and TNF- , which proved to be mediated via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway for trovafloxacin, the extrinsic for nefazodone and both apoptotic pathways for nimesulide and telithromycin. The amplified apoptotic potential of the four drugs proved to be based on the up-regulation of Bax and caspase 8 via an ERK½-dependent mechanism. These results indicate that the presented drug-inflammation model constitute an effective pre-clinical tool not only for the detection of inflammation-associated hepatotoxic drugs but also for the elucidation of their underlying mechanisms
Chatterjee, Arunima. "Les cellules épithéliales intestinales modulent les réponses cellulaires T médiées par les cellules myéloïdes." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0060.
Full textRetinoids and other derivatives of vitamin A are known to bear important functions in regulating differentiation and proliferation of epithelial cells (EC). We studied the effects of ATRA on colonic EC in combination with different pro-inflammatory activators. We selected the two most potent known pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α for studying the effects of ATRA. When we used these cytokines in the presence or absence of ATRA as inducers of Caco2 colonic EC cell lines we observed that ATRA was responsible for conferring the CD103 cell surface expression on DC and Mf after 6 hrs. In case of CX3CR1 cell surface expression, DC treated with ATRA-conditioned CEC supernatant showed an increase in CX3CR1 expression, whereas in Mf decreased CX3CR1 expression was observed after similar treatment. The fact that ATRA exerted different effects on different cells indicates the capability of ATRA to affect the final outcome of T-lymphocyte responses. In our in vitro system we observed that ATRA treated CEC supernatant can influence the outcome of DC responses when co-cultured with CD4+ T lymphocytes, as the balance of Th17 cells was reduced, while in Mf the number of Th17 cells was significantly increased. Defensins represent an important group of AMP consisting of 16 – 50 amino acids, organized to a structurally conserved compact organization associated with multiple functions in order to act as a first line of defense mechanism. The three subfamilies of defensins (α, β, θ) differ in their peptide length, location of disulphide bonds, their precursor structures and in the site of protein expression. Elevated levels β-defensin 3 in colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis suggest their role in the inflammatory response. In this study we have developed a targeted proteomics based method for the determination of defensin levels in cell lysates and cell culture supernatants. Human Caco2 epithelial cells were challenged with IL-1β as an inflammatory stimulus and the levels of β-defensin 2 was analyzed in cell lysates and in cell culture supernatants. The developed method was validated by using qPCR, quantitative ELISA and Western blot. The gene and protein expression levels of β-defensin 2 were significantly higher in the IL-1β treated samples as compared to the unstimulated controls. Beside β-defensin 2, the levels of β-defensin 3, β-defensin 4 and α-defensin was also measured and showed significantly higher levels in the supernatants of activated Caco2 cells. Our results show that the targeted proteomics method developed here offers an alternative approach for the mass spectrometric analyses of a selected set of defensins
Le, Guernevel Solen. "Caractérisation des voies pro-apoptotiques des récepteurs à dépendance à Shh et stratégies anti-tumorales." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10298.
Full textDependence receptors (DRs) are able to inducing two types of signaling according to their ligand availability. In the presence of their ligand, they induce a positive signaling promoting survival, proliferation or cell differentiation, whereas in its absence, they induce cell death by apoptosis. Ptc and CDON, both receptors of the morphogen Shh, belong to the DRs family. Both receptors are involved in embryonic development, but also in the control of tumorigenesis and homeostasis. Most of the molecular mechanisms of the pro-apoptotic signaling of these receptors remain unknown. We therefore studied both receptors pro-apoptotic pathways through a shRNA screen. Among the identified potential partners, we have been interested in IGFBP7 shown as a tumor suppressor gene in many cancers. Secondly, we studied the role of Ptc and CDON pro-apoptotic pathways in colorectal cancers associated with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, in which it has been shown that Shh is overexpressed. Overexpression of the ligand is one mechanism of pro-apoptotic control escapement by DRs acquired by tumor cells. Our study aims to demonstrate that targeting Shh in these cancers could induce reactivation of DRs pro-apoptotic pathways and thus constitute a new anti-tumor strategy
RUCHAUD, SANDRINE. "Induction de la differenciation et/ou de l'apoptose des cellules leucemiques par l'ampc et les retinoides. Etude des voies de signalisation et de leur cooperation dans les modeles cellulaires ipc-81 et nb4." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112005.
Full textFanny, Manoussa. "Etude des mécanismes de l’inflammation pulmonaire lors de l’exposition aux nanoparticules ou la fumée de cigarette : implication des voies de signalisations des récepteurs ST2 et NLRP6." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2057/document.
Full textPulmonary diseases are a major health problem with 3.1 million deaths in the worldwide. Among them pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which occur after repeated lung epithelium injury, are characterized by impaired lung functions. To date, no effective therapy against pulmonary fibrosis and COPD were developed, lung transplantation being the only alternative. During my thesis, I studied the mechanisms leading to disease development using different experimental models in mice in particular by metal dioxide nanoparticles or bleomycin instillation leading to inflammation and/or pulmonary fibrosis, or by cigarette smoke exposure promoting pulmonary inflammation which may lead to emphysema. We show the crucial role of IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway in response to nanoparticles or bleomycine and identify new mechanisms for IL-33 regulation in macrophages which are different from those described in epithelial cells. Our results indicate that intracellular expression of IL-33 and of its receptor ST2, together with nuclear IL-33 translocation, play an important role in inflammatory response to nanoparticles instillation. On the other hand, my thesis work allowed identifying that the cytosolic sensor NLRP6 as a key player in pulmonary inflammation developed upon mouse cigarette smoke exposure. Interestingly, our results show that the receptor NLRP6, whose pulmonary functions are still unexplored, controls epithelial cells activation leading to neutrophils recruitment in the airways, in an inflammasome-independent manner but dependently of type I and III interferon receptors signaling
JACQUE, JEAN-MARC. "Regulation de la transcription du genome du vih dans les lymphocytes t et les monocytes : role des voies de transduction et des facteurs de transcription cellulaires (nf-kb, sp1) et viraux (tat) dans l'initiation et la perpetuation de l'activite du ltr viral." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066624.
Full textCassinat, Bruno. "Etude de l'interconnexion des voies de signalisation du G-CSF avec la voie des récepteurs nucléaires retinoïques : identification de voies synergiques et application à la différenciation de cellules leucémiques." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077045.
Full textThe identification of RARa gene rearrangement as the molecular origin of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) led to the first targeted therapy aiming at reinducing normal differentiation of tumour cells using retinoic Acid (RA). Because we previously identified a level of heterogeneity in in vitro response of patients' cells to the RA induced differentiation which was correlated to the heterogeneity in clinical response, we developed several studies: -we collaborated to a study which allowed to identify certain mutations of the PML-RARα gene in APL patients with an adverse prognostic. We have also shown in another study that the minimal residual disease analysis using quantitative RT-PCR allowed to better identify patients that will relapse. We also demonstrated that a high frequency of Auer rods in APL cells at diagnosis is correlated to a poorer clinical outcome. -We have analysed whether extracellular signalling of 2 different origins (membrane signalling induced by the G-CSF and nuclear signalling induced by RA) may be interconnected and become synergistic to induce the differentiation of APL cells. In a model of APL cells resistant to the differentiation effect of RA we demonstrated that ERK1/2 pathway can restore transcriptional activation by RA via RARα, CBP/P300 and acetylated histone H3 recruitment on RA target gene promoters
Streuli, Marie Isabelle. "Voies de signalisation et marqueur sérique de la prolifération cellulaire dans l’adénomyose." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB115.
Full textAdenomyosis is chronic benign uterine disease characterized by myometrial infiltration by endometrial tissue – both glands and stroma – with hypertrophy and hyperplasia of surrounding smooth muscle cells. This frequent disease occurring in reproductive age women causes invalidating symptoms such as dysmenorrhoea, abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility. Adenomyosis is frequently associated with other estrogen-dependant gynaecologic diseases such as uterine leiomyomas and endometriosis. Medical treatments are non-curative and act purely by alleviating symptoms and adenomyosis remains a major cause of hysterectomy. Physiopathological mechanisms underlying the disease are probably multifactorial and currently not fully elucidated. According to the most widely accepted theory adenomyosis originates from the basal layer of the endometrium which invaginates between smooth muscle cell bundles and/or along lymphatic vessels. Multiple factors could be implicated in triggering this invasion, amongst others resistance to progesterone, intra-lesional production of estrogens through aromatase activation, myometrial anomalies predisposing to invasion, tissue lesions induced by pregnancy, labour, uterine dysperistaltism or iatrogenic and endometrial anomalies predisposing to invasion. First, in a clinical review article, we detail current medical therapies used to alleviate adenomyosis-associated symptoms and discuss physiopathological mechanisms that could be targets for novel medical treatments. We then describe an in vitro study on the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphatidylinositol three kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin/Akt (PI3K/mTOR/Akt) signalling pathways in uterine smooth muscle cells derived from women with adenomyosis and from adenomyosis-free controls. We show an increased proliferation of uterine smooth muscle cells related to the in vitro activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway in women with adenomyosis compared to controls. The activation of PI3K/mTOR/Akt was not significantly different. The production of reactive oxygen species and their detoxification enzymes were not different in uterine smooth muscle cells of women with adenomyosis compared to controls suggesting a reactive oxygen species independent activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway. Our results also show that inhibitors of protein kinases and the rapanalogue temsirolimus control the in vitro proliferation of uterine smooth muscle cells suggesting an implication of both MAPK/ERK and PI3K/mTOR/Akt in the proliferation of uterine smooth muscle cells in adenomyosis and leiomyomas. Finally, we studied osteopontin as a serum biomarker in a cohort of reproductive-age women undergoing surgery for benign gynaecological conditions. The presence of endometriosis was determined surgically and endometriosis lesions were confirmed histologically and classified into superficial lesions, endometriomas and deep infiltrating lesions. The presence of adenomyosis was determined by magnetic resonance imaging before surgery and women were classified according to two types of adenomyosis: diffuse adenomyosis, focal adenomyosis with or without associated diffuse lesions. Osteopontin levels were decreased in case of focal adenomyosis and deep infiltrating endometriosis compared to disease-free women and increased in superficial endometriosis compared to deep infiltrating endometriosis. Osteopontin, a secreted glycoprotein implicated in inflammation and in tumor-metastasis, is not a biomarker of disease severity in endometriosis and adenomyosis but could reflect events implicated in peritoneal dissemination of endometriosis lesions
Pawlak, Géraldine. "Le Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R) induit un signal spécifique de différenciation vers la voie monocytaire, dans des cellules hématopoïétiques pluripotentes murines." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10169.
Full textFayon, Michael John. "Développement pulmonaire et physiopathologie cellulaire, moléculaire et intégrée de l'hyperréactivité des voies aériennes." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21222.
Full textMany reports highlight the role of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) in the patho-physiology of inflammatory airway diseases (asthma, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cystic fibrosis, etc. ). In addition to the control of bronchomotor tone, ASMC can secrete pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and can proliferate, thus producing irreversible airway obstruction. Based on the fact that the long-term functional prognosis of asthma is determined as early as at the age of 6 years, we sought to explore the underlying basic biological and cellular mechanisms. The aim of the present work was to explore the 3 properties (control of airway tone, secretory properties, proliferation) of ASMC during the course of their development, by comparing the results obtained in immature and adult rat and human ASMC. We have demonstrated that : 1) In immature rats, increased tracheal ring relaxation to β2-receptor agonists is related to the attenuated expression of post-jonctionnal muscarinic M2 receptors. The functional efficacy of M2-R blocade by methoctramine is thus enhanced in adult animals. These maturational differences are less marked in cultured ASMC ; 2) Inflammatory mediators increase the peak cytosolic calcium concentration in ASMC at baseline (micro-perfusion of the mediators at the time of the intracellular calcium concentration measurement, or after 3 days' incubation in pro-inflammatory conditions (TNFα) ; 3) Clinically, 4 puffs of ipratropium bromide (Atrovent*) or terbutaline (Bricanyl*) significantly lower respiratory system resistance in 38 to 43 % of intubated ventilated neonates, respectively ; 4) The replication of immature non-asthmatic ASMC is increased compared to adults. This is not related to a differential expression of the anti-proliferative transcription factor, C/EBPα ; 5) Immature ASMC secrete more leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) than adult ASMC). The effects of this molecule on calcium signalling and rat airway contractility to acetylcholine is greater in the presence of immaturity. In conclusion, ASMC may auto-amplify airway hypersponsiveness, as well as the inflammatory and remodeling process during the critical first few years of a child's existence
Sadou, Amel. "Connexions entre les voies ral et rac dans le contrôle de la migration cellulaire." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00701484.
Full textLoubradou, Gabriel. "Voies de signalisation cellulaire, développement et incompatibilité végétative chez le champignon filamenteux Podospora Anserina." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28488.
Full textNguyen, Thi-Ngoc-Dung. "Etude de la modulation de voies de mort cellulaire programmée par des molécules marines." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS280.
Full textThe regulation of cell death is crucial for the life living beings. The programmed cell death (PCD) can be triggered by extra- or intracellular signals under physiological (PCD is essential for normal development and tissue homeostasis) or pathological conditions for eliminating impaired cells (notably with uncontrolled cell proliferation). The dysregulation of PCD contributes to a variety of human pathologies including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and inflammatory diseases. The discovery of chemical modulators of PCD opens up promising prospects, particularly in anti-cancer therapy, but also in fundamental research, to improve our understanding of the molecular regulations involved. In the context of this thesis, various marine metabolites (pigments and purified metabolites from Mediterranean and Atlantic sponges, notably from the sponges Crambe tailliezi et Crambe crambe) were used to inhibit or activate non-canonical PCD. The cell death induced by the high molecular weight metabolite (2200-2800 Da), called P3, purified from the sponge Crambe tailliezi, was notably studied. P3 is a cytotoxic metabolite that induces a necrostatin-1 inhibitable caspase-independent apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells (U-2 OS). P3 was also characterized as a new inhibitor of Aurora A and B mitotic kinases. Taken together, these results shed light on the huge potential of marine chemodiversity to open new perspectives for both applied and fundamental research
KAHAN, CATHERINE. "Recepteurs couples aux proteines g : identification des voies de signalisation controlant la proliferation cellulaire." Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE4570.
Full textMoulin, Cécile. "Analyse des voies métaboliques au cours du cycle cellulaire : application au métabolisme du cancer." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASG022.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to study how the mammal cell adjusts its metabolism to the steps of the cell cycle. The cell cycle is the series of events leading a cell to divide itself. The purpose of the metabolism is to supply the cell with all the elements and the energy it needs to work. In particular, at every step of the cell cycle, the cell needs different elements to properly divide itself. So, it is crucial for the cell to coordinate the metabolism and the cell cycle and in particular to control what the metabolism produces through the cell cycle. To have a better understanding of the links between these two processes, we studied how a mathematical model representing the metabolism answered to different variations imposed by the cell cycle and we compared those answers to the literature. Satisfied by the results, we therefore built a hybrid model representing the evolution of the metabolism through the cell cycle. We recover in this hybrid model the main known variations of the metabolism through the cycle’s phases as well as experimental variations of the energetic and redox metabolites. Encouraged by these results, we finally disturbed our hybrid model to recover metabolic tendencies due to cancer, a set of diseases affecting both the metabolism and the cell cycle
Audet-Delage, Yannick, and Yannick Audet-Delage. "Interconnexion du métabolisme cellulaire et de la voie de glucuronidation." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37745.
Full textTableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2018-2019
La voie métabolique de glucuronidation, impliquant les enzymes uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransférases (UGT), joue un rôle crucial dans le métabolisme des médicaments et contrôle l’exposition à divers composés exogènes via leur inactivation par la conjugaison à l’acide glucuronique. Cette voie métabolique a également comme rôle principal de maintenir l’homéostasie cellulaire et le contrôle de la biodisponibilité de nombreuses molécules endogènes. Nombre de ces composés sont impliqués dans des boucles de rétroaction régulant l’expression et l’activité de diverses voies métaboliques cellulaires, notamment via l’implication de récepteurs nucléaires et autres voies de signalisation. Une modification de l’expression et de l’activité de la voie de glucuronidation a donc le potentiel d’influencer le métabolisme cellulaire, au-delà du contrôle des substrats des enzymes UGT. Cette hypothèse est appuyée par des observations préliminaires démontrant la capacité des UGT à interagir avec des protéines d’autres voies métaboliques, affectant ainsi leur activité. De plus, les études récentes du laboratoire font état d’un transcriptome étendu de la grande famille de gènes UGT, permettant la production de protéines alternatives comprenant de nouveaux domaines peptidiques et dont les fonctions et les réseaux d’interaction demeurent inconnus. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nos premières investigations ont porté sur les changements métaboliques associés à une modification de l’expression cellulaire d’enzymes UGT, ainsi que de leurs protéines alternatives nouvellement identifiées. Une approche métabolomique non-ciblée a révélé des répercussions importantes au niveau métabolique, parfois communes, parfois divergentes, selon l’enzyme et l’isoforme alternative étudiée. À titre d’exemple, les niveaux cellulaires de lipides bioactifs comme l’acide arachidonique sont grandement affectés dans les lysats de cellules exprimant des enzymes UGT, alors qu’ils ne le sont pas dans les lysats de cellules exprimant des protéines alternatives. Dans une seconde série d’investigations, nous avons établi les réseaux d’interactions protéiques des UGT dans le tissu rénal et hépatique humain. À l’aide d’anticorps développés au laboratoire et dirigés contre les enzymes ou les protéines alternatives UGT, nous avons réalisé une purification d’affinité sur bille couplée à la spectrométrie de masse. Ceci a permis d’établir de façon non-biaisée les interactomes endogènes des enzymes UGT et de leurs protéines alternatives dans un environnement protéique physiologique, révélant l’existence de partenaires communs et de partenaires spécifiques. En plus d’identifier des protéines associées au métabolisme des médicaments, nos travaux ont révélé plusieurs partenaires protéiques impliqués dans d’autres voies métaboliques, telles que les voies énergétiques (glycolyse, cycle des acides tricarboxyliques, oxydation des lipides, etc.). À l’aide de modèles cellulaires, nous avons démontré que certaines de ces interactions sont fonctionnelles et entrainent une modification significative de l’activité du partenaire des UGT, induisant des perturbations métaboliques et phénotypiques associées à la progression tumorale. Enfin, nos données ont révélé une induction différentielle de l’expression d’une enzyme UGT et de ses variants alternatifs suite à un traitement pharmacologique, influençant possiblement l’activité cellulaire en réponse à ces stimuli. Nos travaux soutiennent une interconnexion entre le métabolisme de glucuronidation et le métabolisme cellulaire. Ils appuient également un rôle plus vaste et complexe des protéines UGT, impliquant notamment la production d’isoformes alternatives aux structures protéiques distinctes et possédant des fonctions régulatrices possiblement différentes de celles des enzymes. Ces travaux démontrent également des interactions protéiques avec diverses voies métaboliques, permettant sans doute de moduler la réponse cellulaire à divers stimuli tout en optimisant les ressources métaboliques de la cellule.
La voie métabolique de glucuronidation, impliquant les enzymes uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransférases (UGT), joue un rôle crucial dans le métabolisme des médicaments et contrôle l’exposition à divers composés exogènes via leur inactivation par la conjugaison à l’acide glucuronique. Cette voie métabolique a également comme rôle principal de maintenir l’homéostasie cellulaire et le contrôle de la biodisponibilité de nombreuses molécules endogènes. Nombre de ces composés sont impliqués dans des boucles de rétroaction régulant l’expression et l’activité de diverses voies métaboliques cellulaires, notamment via l’implication de récepteurs nucléaires et autres voies de signalisation. Une modification de l’expression et de l’activité de la voie de glucuronidation a donc le potentiel d’influencer le métabolisme cellulaire, au-delà du contrôle des substrats des enzymes UGT. Cette hypothèse est appuyée par des observations préliminaires démontrant la capacité des UGT à interagir avec des protéines d’autres voies métaboliques, affectant ainsi leur activité. De plus, les études récentes du laboratoire font état d’un transcriptome étendu de la grande famille de gènes UGT, permettant la production de protéines alternatives comprenant de nouveaux domaines peptidiques et dont les fonctions et les réseaux d’interaction demeurent inconnus. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nos premières investigations ont porté sur les changements métaboliques associés à une modification de l’expression cellulaire d’enzymes UGT, ainsi que de leurs protéines alternatives nouvellement identifiées. Une approche métabolomique non-ciblée a révélé des répercussions importantes au niveau métabolique, parfois communes, parfois divergentes, selon l’enzyme et l’isoforme alternative étudiée. À titre d’exemple, les niveaux cellulaires de lipides bioactifs comme l’acide arachidonique sont grandement affectés dans les lysats de cellules exprimant des enzymes UGT, alors qu’ils ne le sont pas dans les lysats de cellules exprimant des protéines alternatives. Dans une seconde série d’investigations, nous avons établi les réseaux d’interactions protéiques des UGT dans le tissu rénal et hépatique humain. À l’aide d’anticorps développés au laboratoire et dirigés contre les enzymes ou les protéines alternatives UGT, nous avons réalisé une purification d’affinité sur bille couplée à la spectrométrie de masse. Ceci a permis d’établir de façon non-biaisée les interactomes endogènes des enzymes UGT et de leurs protéines alternatives dans un environnement protéique physiologique, révélant l’existence de partenaires communs et de partenaires spécifiques. En plus d’identifier des protéines associées au métabolisme des médicaments, nos travaux ont révélé plusieurs partenaires protéiques impliqués dans d’autres voies métaboliques, telles que les voies énergétiques (glycolyse, cycle des acides tricarboxyliques, oxydation des lipides, etc.). À l’aide de modèles cellulaires, nous avons démontré que certaines de ces interactions sont fonctionnelles et entrainent une modification significative de l’activité du partenaire des UGT, induisant des perturbations métaboliques et phénotypiques associées à la progression tumorale. Enfin, nos données ont révélé une induction différentielle de l’expression d’une enzyme UGT et de ses variants alternatifs suite à un traitement pharmacologique, influençant possiblement l’activité cellulaire en réponse à ces stimuli. Nos travaux soutiennent une interconnexion entre le métabolisme de glucuronidation et le métabolisme cellulaire. Ils appuient également un rôle plus vaste et complexe des protéines UGT, impliquant notamment la production d’isoformes alternatives aux structures protéiques distinctes et possédant des fonctions régulatrices possiblement différentes de celles des enzymes. Ces travaux démontrent également des interactions protéiques avec diverses voies métaboliques, permettant sans doute de moduler la réponse cellulaire à divers stimuli tout en optimisant les ressources métaboliques de la cellule.
The glucuronidation pathway, catalyzed by uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), is crucial for drug metabolism and controls the body’s exposure to several exogenous compounds by the conjugation of a glucuronic acid moiety leading to their inactivation. A main role for this pathway is also to controls cellular levels of several endogenous compounds in order to maintain homeostasis. Many of those compounds are involved in feedback loops and control the expression and activity of numerous metabolic pathways through the regulation of nuclear receptors and other signaling events. Altered expression or activity of the glucuronidation pathway thus has the potential to influence cellular metabolism, beyond UGT substrate regulation. This hypothesis is supported by preliminary observations showing that UGTs possess the capacity to interact with enzymes from other metabolic pathways, affecting their activity. Furthermore, recent studies from our laboratory exposed an extended transcriptome for UGT genes, producing new alternative proteins comprising new domains and for which the functions and interaction networks remain unknown. In the context of this work, our first investigations explored the metabolic alterations induced by a modification in the cellular levels of UGT enzymes, as well as selected novel alternative proteins. A non-targeted metabolomics approach uncovered significant metabolic alterations, sometimes common or divergent, depending on the enzyme and the alternative isoform. As an example, bioactive lipids such as arachidonic acid were among the most modulated metabolites in lysates of cells expressing UGT enzymes but remained unchanged in cells expressing alternate proteins. In a second set of investigations, we established the interaction networks of UGT proteins in human liver and kidney tissues. We used in-house antibodies directed against UGT enzymes or their alternative proteins to conduct affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry. These assays exposed an unbiased endogenous interactome in a physiologically relevant protein environment, revealing common and specific partners to UGT enzymes and alternative isoforms. In addition to proteins involved in drug metabolism, our work uncovered numerous partners implicated in other metabolic routes such as energetic pathways (glycolysis, tricarboxylic acids cycle, lipid oxidation, etc.). Using cellular models, we showed some of these interactions had a functional impact on cellular activity of the protein partners, triggering metabolic alterations associated with tumor progression. Lastly, our data further support a differential expression of UGT enzymes and their alternative isoforms following treatment with pharmacological compounds that could lead to variable metabolic activity in response to stimuli. Our results demonstrate functional crosstalk between UGT proteins and cell metabolism. This works also supports an extended and rather complex role for UGTs, notably through the production of numerous alternative isoforms presenting different peptide structures and likely diverse regulatory functions. Our findings indicate that one of the underlying mechanisms is related to protein-protein interactions between UGTs and proteins of other metabolic routes, likely permitting a fine regulation of cell response to stimuli while optimizing metabolic resources.
The glucuronidation pathway, catalyzed by uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), is crucial for drug metabolism and controls the body’s exposure to several exogenous compounds by the conjugation of a glucuronic acid moiety leading to their inactivation. A main role for this pathway is also to controls cellular levels of several endogenous compounds in order to maintain homeostasis. Many of those compounds are involved in feedback loops and control the expression and activity of numerous metabolic pathways through the regulation of nuclear receptors and other signaling events. Altered expression or activity of the glucuronidation pathway thus has the potential to influence cellular metabolism, beyond UGT substrate regulation. This hypothesis is supported by preliminary observations showing that UGTs possess the capacity to interact with enzymes from other metabolic pathways, affecting their activity. Furthermore, recent studies from our laboratory exposed an extended transcriptome for UGT genes, producing new alternative proteins comprising new domains and for which the functions and interaction networks remain unknown. In the context of this work, our first investigations explored the metabolic alterations induced by a modification in the cellular levels of UGT enzymes, as well as selected novel alternative proteins. A non-targeted metabolomics approach uncovered significant metabolic alterations, sometimes common or divergent, depending on the enzyme and the alternative isoform. As an example, bioactive lipids such as arachidonic acid were among the most modulated metabolites in lysates of cells expressing UGT enzymes but remained unchanged in cells expressing alternate proteins. In a second set of investigations, we established the interaction networks of UGT proteins in human liver and kidney tissues. We used in-house antibodies directed against UGT enzymes or their alternative proteins to conduct affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry. These assays exposed an unbiased endogenous interactome in a physiologically relevant protein environment, revealing common and specific partners to UGT enzymes and alternative isoforms. In addition to proteins involved in drug metabolism, our work uncovered numerous partners implicated in other metabolic routes such as energetic pathways (glycolysis, tricarboxylic acids cycle, lipid oxidation, etc.). Using cellular models, we showed some of these interactions had a functional impact on cellular activity of the protein partners, triggering metabolic alterations associated with tumor progression. Lastly, our data further support a differential expression of UGT enzymes and their alternative isoforms following treatment with pharmacological compounds that could lead to variable metabolic activity in response to stimuli. Our results demonstrate functional crosstalk between UGT proteins and cell metabolism. This works also supports an extended and rather complex role for UGTs, notably through the production of numerous alternative isoforms presenting different peptide structures and likely diverse regulatory functions. Our findings indicate that one of the underlying mechanisms is related to protein-protein interactions between UGTs and proteins of other metabolic routes, likely permitting a fine regulation of cell response to stimuli while optimizing metabolic resources.
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