Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Voies aéro-digestives supérieures – Cancer – Génétique'
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Redon, Richard. "Contribution au modèle génétique de progression tumorale des cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures : Application de la technologie des puces à ADN au criblage génomique des tumeurs." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13105.
Jehl, Aude. "Cavéoline-1 prédictive de la métastase et de la rechute locorégionale des cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022STRAJ070.
This translational research project on head and neck cancers has identified caveolin-1 (Cav1) as a prognostic biomarker for the evolution of a primary tumor of these cancers. Indeed, an overexpression of this protein favors a locoregional relapse whereas a deficiency of Cav1 engages the tumor towards a metastatic process. Moreover, we have highlighted the involvement of the Cav1 / EREG / YAP axis in the resistance to treatment (cetuximab and radiotherapy). Finally, we identified epiregulin (EREG) as the key protein in cetuximab resistance. Thus, a deficiency of EREG sensitizes cells to cetuximab by activation of ferroptosis and the association of this target therapy with the RSL3 molecule or metformin drastically restricts cell survival by accentuating this programmed cell death. These last results could be confirmed thanks to a complex 3D model recapitulating the intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity, namely the tumoroid model established from surgical parts of patients with head and neck cancer
Mourtada, Jana. "Mécanismes d’activation de la réponse immunitaire par DNp63 dans les cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures HPV-positifs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STRAJ127.
HPV+ oropharyngeal tumors display both prognostic and molecular heterogeneity. Patients prognosis can be distinguished by the presence or absence of a molecular signature that depends on the ΔNp63 transcription factor. We demonstrated that ΔNp63 inhibits the migratory and invasive capabilities of HPV+ HNSCC cell lines and increases their sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy, implying its role in tumor progression. A functional analysis of ΔNp63 revealed its ability to stimulate the phagocytosis of cancer cells by macrophages in vitro. Consistently, a transcriptomic analysis of the same cellular model highlighted that ΔNp63 regulates the expression of secreted factors, including chemokines and interleukins, among which is the DKK3protein. Our findings indicate that DKK3 secretion by cancer cells activates the NF-κB pathway in macrophages, mimicking ΔNp63's effects on phagocytosis regulation. Induction of the NF-κB pathway by DKK3 in macrophages is mediated by its receptor CKAP4. Finally, our analyses suggest that ∆Np63 regulates the expression of factors involved in the inflammasome, as well as those of other cytokines such as TNFRSF11B, CCL26, CCL11, TIMP1 and TIMP2. Altogether, our results show that ΔNp63 plays a unique role in the prognosis of HPV+ patients by regulating secreted molecules involved in the recruitment and immune cell activation
Salavert, Marianne. "Les plasmocytomes des voies aéro-digestives supérieures : à propos de quatre observations." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11282.
Barul, Christine. "Exposition professionnelle aux solvants et risque de cancer des voies aéro-digestives supérieures." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS588/document.
Background : The role of occupational exposure to solvents in the risk of head and neck cancer has been suggested in some studies but has been few investigated, despite their widespread use in the workplace. Objective: The objective of this thesis was to examine the associations between occupational exposure to solvents and the risk of head and neck cancer. Methods: This work is based on data from the ICARE study, a large population-based case-control study conducted in France between 2001 and 2007. The analysis was restricted to men and included 1,857 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx and 2,780 controls. Detailed occupational lifetime as well as alcohol and tobacco consumptions were collected by questionnaires. Exposure to solvents was assessed by job exposure matrices and included five chlorinated solvents (perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride), five petroleum-based solvents (benzene; gasoline; diesel, fuels and kerosene; special petroleum products; white spirits) and five oxygenated solvents (ketones and esters; alcohols; diethyl ether; ethylene glycol; tetrahydrofuran). Odds-ratios adjusted for smoking, alcohol drinking and other potential confounders and 95% confidence intervals were estimated with logistic models. Results: No significant association was found between occupational exposure to chlorinated, petroleum-based and oxygenated solvents and the risk of head and neck cancer overall. In subsite analysis, the risk of laryngeal cancer increased with cumulative exposure to perchloroethylene. Non-significantly elevated risks of hypopharyngeal cancer were found in men exposed to high cumulative levels of methylene chloride, white spirits and tetrahydrofuran. An association between exposure to tetrahydrofuran and oral cavity cancer was also suggested. No other clear association was found for the other solvents under study, for any cancer site. Conclusion: Although positive associations were observed for several solvents, overall the results do not suggest a substantial role of exposure to solvents in head and neck cancer risk
Lallemant, Benjamin. "Etude de modifications transcriptionnelles dans les carcinomes des voies aéro-digestives supérieures." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON1T033.
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) prognosis is globally poor. The development of new tools for the management of this disease is urgent. Gene expression profiling is a promising biologiCai approach that has been extensively used in cancer research. Examples include elucidating the biological mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis and metastatic progression, identifying potential biological targets for the development of new drugs, identifying biological pathways involved in tumour resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy and improving tumour staging and patient outcome prediction. With gene expression profiling, it is possible to observe and quantify gene expression deregulation in tumour cells or their surrounding environment. Two technologies are currently used: DNA microarrays and RT-qPCR. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature and original researches this work presents an updated state of the art of the potential clinical applications of gene expression profiling in the field of HNSCC. In the study "Clinical relevance of nine transcriptiory!al molecular markers for the diagnosis of head and neck squamouscell carcinoma in tissue and saliva rinse" we found that ILIRN, MAL and 11MPI are prospective tumor diagnostic markers for HNSCC. :M1vfPl overexpression is the most promising marker, and its detection could help identify tumor cells in tissue or saliva. In the study "Reference gene selection for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma gene expression studies" we found that in HNSCC and/or normal mucosa, the four best normalizat!on genes were ALAS, GAPDH, RPS18 and SHAD and the most stable combination of two genes was GAPDH-SHAD. We recommend using KALPHA-TBP for the study of Tl-T2 tumors, RPL27 -SHAD for T3-T4 tumors, KALPHA-SHAD for NO tumors, and ALAS-TBP for N+ tumors
Hagege, Anaïs. "Nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques dans les carcinomes épidermoïdes des voies aéro-digestives supérieures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ6009.
Head and Neck squamous cell carcinomas represent the 5th most aggressive cancer in the world. Innate or acquired resistances result in local or distant relapses following reference treatments including surgery, chemotherapy with cisplatin, and radiation therapy. Unfortunately, relapses are fatal shortly.The goal of my thesis is therefore to discover new therapeutic targets and strategies relevant for patients in therapeutic deadlock.The CAL33 and CAL27 cell lines from squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue were used as models. I derived cells resistant to radiation therapy and / or cisplatin for the first time.My research project is based on the identification of several kinases: Plk1 (Polo-like kinase), c-MET and AXL, overexpressed in HSNCC tumors. They are overexpressed in tumors resistant to standard treatments and high expression is correlated with a poor vital prognosis. My work had two axes.1- Understanding the mechanisms leading to the overexpression of Plk12- Determining the relevance of the therapeutic targeting of Plk1, c-MET and AXL.For Part 1, I determined that the protein "Roundabout Guidance Receptor 2 (ROBO2)", a receptor involved in organogenesis and axonal guidance during development, is a key component in controlling Plk1 expression. Inhibition by hypermethylation or deletion of ROBO2 in HSNCC cancers, would promote the overexpression of Plk1. ROBO2 would therefore act as a tumor suppressor.For Part 2, I showed that onvansertib (targeting Plk1) and cabozantinib (targeting AXL and c-MET) decrease the proliferation and invasion of sensitive and treatment-resistant cells (cisplatin and radiotherapy) that I generated in the laboratory. These treatments induce the death of cancer cells with low toxicity on normal cells. Onvansertib and cabozantinib strongly reduce the growth and invasiveness of experimental HNSCC tumors in nude mice and zebrafish. These two inhibitors are effective on 3D sections from biopsies of patients treated at the Cancer Center of Nice (Centre Antoine Lacassagne). Onvansertib shows a gain in efficacy in combination with standard treatments. These combinations make it possible to reduce the doses and therefore the toxicities of each treatment while maintaining maximum effectiveness. Therefore, onvansertib and cabozantinib offer new perspectives for patients with therapeutic deadlock on treatment with cisplatin and radiotherapy
Bozec, Alexandre. "Apport préclinique aux thérapeutiques moléculaires ciblées dans les carcinomes épidermoïdes des voies aérodigestives supérieures." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX20664.
Lallmahamood, Nizaar. "Facteurs de retard de diagnostic et approche clinique dans la prise en charge des patients atteints des cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC037.
Starting from the meetings with patients suffering from head and neck cancer, this research shows that this disease is much more complicated that we think. Cancers are diseases with a such complexity that do not allow us to think that it is a result of factors that leeds to this disease. We can assume for example that a head and neck cancer is due to a drug addiction or a precariousness, but those two factors are not the unique reason. A lecture of the 4 cases, will highlight the psychical and physical effects of such a disease and the way we take care of those patients
Delahaye-Sourdeix, Manon. "Moving beyond Genome-Wide Association Studies." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10238.
Genome-wide association (GWA) studies consist in testing up to one million (or more) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for their association with cancer risk in thousands of individuals, without requiring any prior knowledge on the functional significance of these variants. These studies have been valuable for establishing etiological hypotheses and understanding the underlying genetic architecture of human diseases. However, most of the heritable factors of these traits remain unexplained. Part of this variation may come from rarer variants that are not targeted by current genotyping arrays or variants with moderate to low effects for which detection by current GWA studies is impractical. In this context and as illustrated in this thesis, GWA studies can now serve as starting points towards further discoveries, looking for new strategies to study both rarer variants and rarer diseases. We have specifically explored these approaches in the context of lung cancer, head and neck cancer and Hodgkin's lymphoma. The use of bioinformatics to combine recent GWA study results with other sources of information, the integration of different types of genomic data as well as the investigation of the interrelationship between germline and somatic alterations represent the main opportunities pursued in this thesis work
Mougin, Jean-Luc. "Les cancers primitifs multiples de l'oesophage et des voies aéro-digestives supérieures : réflexions à propos de 113 cas." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR1M122.
Zahner, Martine. "Oblitérations artérielles et chimiothérapie 5 fluorouracile-cisplatine des cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures : à propos de cinq observations." Saint-Etienne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STET6217.
Céruse, Philippe. "Intérêt d'un nouveau marqueur tumoral sérique le Cyfra 21-1 dans les carcinomes des voies aéro-digestives supérieures." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO1T188.
Auguste, Aviane. "Epidemiologie des cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures aux Antilles françaises : facteurs de risque comportementaux, viraux et environnementaux." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B048.
The objective was to assess the potential influence of a large spectrum of risk factors on head and neck cancer (HNC) development in the French West Indies (FWI). As a first step, we used data from a cross-sectional health survey to describe the prevalence of tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and obesity. This work highlighted significant social disparities in these risk factors in the population. We then analysed data from a population-based case-control study conducted in Martinique and Guadeloupe between 2013 and 2016, including 145 cases of HNC and 405 controls. The study revealed a high prevalence of oral infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) in the population, and a specific distribution of HPV genotypes. HPV52 was the most prevalent type and HPV16 was found in only 4% of cases. Tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking increased the risk of HNC, with a synergetic combined effect. High risk HPV (Hr-HPV) was associated with a significant increase in HNC risk, particularly in non-smokers and non-drinkers. Elevated risks of HNC were found in several occupations. A low body mass index (BMI) and family history of HNC were also associated with an increased risk of HNC. Condom use was found to decrease the risk of HNC, independently of oral HPV. In women, exposure to hormones, notably having menarche before 13, was associated with a decrease in HNC risk. Consumptions of tea, coffee, fruits and vegetables were not associated with HNC. In the population, the majority of HNC cases were attributable to tobacco smoking (62.5%) and alcohol (55.4%). About 14% of the cases were attributable to Hr-HPV, 11% to low BMI, 27% to occupation and 7% to family history of HNC. Given the predominant role of modifiable factors in HNC aetiology, there are many opportunities for prevention in this population
Cromer, Anne. "Identification et caractérisation des gènes différentiellement exprimés dans les cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13149.
Head and neck cancer is responsible for 12% of cancer deaths in men in France. Despite thérapeutical improvement, 5-year survival rates have remained largely unchanged in the last few decades and patients frequently present with locoregional recurrence and metastatic disease (30-50%). The work presented here aimed at identifying genes differentially expressed in HNSCC tumorigenesis, as well as in metastasis progression. Two complementary transcriptome screens were performed using Differential Display and Affymetrix microarrays. Around 3 000 genes were identified that are differentially expressed between hypopharyngeal carcinoma and normal uvula. In addition, we identified 164 genes with distinct expression levels in tumours with different metastatic outcomes. The involvement of some of these genes in cancer have already been decribed (eg. MMPs, CXCR4), whereas others are unknown in public databases. Furthermore, we functional characterized two of these 'unkown' genes: 0656D/LL5b, which encodes a protein binding phosphoinositides (3,4,5) triphosphates, and h1655E, an homolog of NudC, a protein involved in nuclear migration. The sequences we isolated are an exhaustive list of tumorigenesis and metastatic invasion markers in HNSCC. These are potential diagnostic or prognostic markers, and potential therapeutic targets
Guillet, Julie. "Les papillomavirus Humains dans les cancers des Voies Aéro-Digestives Supérieures : optimisation de méthodes de détection et étude de populations à risque." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0050/document.
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) are involved in almost 100% of cervical cancers. Recently, HPVs have been recognized as the cause of tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract, especially of squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx. In France, the proportion of oropharyngeal HPV-related tumors is unknown, partly because viral testing is not in guidelines. Moreover, assess the proportion of HPV-positive tumors in tumor banks is difficult because the tumor samples were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin (FFPE), which complicates detection techniques. We tested a high risk HPV detection method, indicated for liquid based pap smear, on FFPE samples. We compared this technique to the gold-standard : PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) followed by electrophoresis. Our results indicate that this technique is applicable to FFPE samples and even appears to be more sensitive. The majority of French patients (2/3) with head and neck consult with an advanced stage of disease. This is explained in part by the lack of organized screening of these cancers, contrary to breast, prostate, cervical, or colorectal cancers. But an early treatment is essential to increase the survival rate. We therefore conducted a prospective study on patients with head and neck tumors to test the oral brushing as screening cancer and HPV detection. We found tumor and/or dystrophic cells in 97.8% of patients with biopsy, and in 88.9% of patients by brushing. Compared with biopsy, our results suggested that smear has similar specificity for HPV detection in tumors (94.4%), but lower sensitivity (66.7%). This study has shown an HPV-related tumor in 12.2% of cases. Among them, we detected by brushing (in healthy area) an oral infection by high-risk HPV in 53.3% of cases. WHO has classified HPV as carcinogenic agents since 1995, and determined that patients who developed cervical cancer are six-times more likely to develop another HPV-related tumor. In this context, we have planned a multicenter prospective study to detect oral HPV infection in patients with a pre-neoplastic or neoplastic lesion of the cervix. Co-infection rate of the two anatomical sites is unknown in women infected with genital level. Insofar oral infection could be the cause of a second tumor location, it seems important to know how much women are co-infected to propose thereafter a special monitoring. The preventive vaccination, which exists against HPV 16 and 18 in the prevention of cervical cancer, is a future perspective. Because HPV 16 is found in 90% of HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx, extending vaccine recommendations emerge as a new public health issue
Paget-Bailly, Sophie. "Facteurs de risque professionnels des cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures : Synthèse des données épidémiologiques et analyse d’une étude cas-témoins, l’étude Icare." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T061/document.
Background: There is sufficient evidence that asbestos causes laryngeal cancer, but overall the role of occupational exposures in the etiology of head and neck cancer (HNC) remains largely unknown. Although several studies have reported associations between occupational exposures and HNC, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions. Objectives: (1) To summarize available epidemiologic data on occupational exposures and cancers of the oral cavity (OC), pharynx and larynx (the most frequent HNC); (2) using data from a large case-control study, to identify occupations and industries with an increased risk of HNC, then to investigate the role of some suspected occupational exposures (asbestos, mineral wools (MW), cement dust, silica). Methods: (1) A literature research and a series of meta-analyses were performed. (2) The Icare study is a French population-based case-control study including 2415 HNC cases and 3555 controls. Complete and detailed occupational histories were collected. Analyses by job title were conducted. Job exposure matrices, developed by the Occupational Health Department of the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS), were used to assess lifetime occupational exposure to asbestos, MW, cement dust and silica. Results: Significantly increased meta-relative risks (meta-RR) were obtained considering laryngeal cancer and exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), engine exhausts, working in the textile industry and the rubber industry, and for cancer of the OC and pharynx and exposures to asbestos, PAH and engine exhausts. Significantly increased risks were found for several jobs and industries, some of them entailing exposures to agents for which meta-RR were increased. Analyses for specific occupational exposures confirmed the association between asbestos and laryngeal cancer and showed an association with the risk of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer. An association with exposure to cement dust was also suggested. The results did not support an association between HNC risk and exposure to MW or silica. Conclusion: This work emphasizes the role of occupational exposures in HNC. Overall, our results suggest associations between HNC and exposure to asbestos, PAH, cement dust, and work in the rubber industry
Blanchard, Pierre. "Méta-analyses sur données individuelles d’essais randomisés dans les cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures. Développements méthodologiques et cliniques." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T065/document.
Head and neck cancers represent the fifth cause of death from cancer in France. They are often diagnosed at an advanced stage. The poor prognosis of these diseases has led to the introduction of intensified treatments. Numerous randomized trials have evaluated the benefits of the addition of chemotherapy to locoregional treatment and of the modification of radiotherapy fractionation. The results of these trials have been synthesized in two individual patient data meta-analyses coordinated by the Meta-Analysis Unit of Gustave Roussy Cancer Center. However these meta-analyses bring up clinical and methodological questions, some of which are dealt with in this thesis. First we have studied by different means the interaction between patient level covariate, tumor site and treatment effect. We have also adapted the methodology of network meta-analyses to survival data to perform a global analysis of the entire meta-analysis database, and to rank treatments according to their efficacy, including some treatments that had not been directly compared. Some of these results were eventually confirmed by subsequently published randomized trials. We have reviewed the advantages and limits of network meta-analysis. We have also launched the update of all these meta-analyses in order to produce results consistent with actual clinical practice, update patient follow-up, and collect additional data regarding treatment efficacy, toxicity and compliance. The final results of the taxane induction meta-analysis are presented in this manuscript
Servagi-Vernat, Stéphanie. "Etude dosimétrique et évaluation de fonctions objectives développées en radiothérapie externe : application à la validation d'une nouvelle technique en radiothérapie." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2078/document.
The main objectif of our work was to assess two new technologies, arctherapy by Rapid'Arc technology from Varian Medical System® and helical irradiation with Tomotherapy Hi-Art, Accuray® in Head and Neck cancer. First, we showed that these 2 techniques were equivalent in terms of dose delivery from theoretical cases (30 cases), but also in vivo from a population of patients analyzed prospectively included in the national study ARTORL (115 cases). Then, we tried to increase the therapeutic ratio by combining one of these 2 techniques with new techniques for stereotactic irradiation (Cyberknife of Accuray® and Vero Brainlab®). We then studied the most common toxicity in our population, ie xerostomia. No predictif factor could be highlighted. However, we were able to create a predictive model of the recovery function of the sub-mandibular gland, they tend to be less well protected. All these results confirm the "conformational" capacity of these two new innovative techniques, their equivalences dosimetric and especially clinically. These results were confirmed in an another location in the prospective study ARTPELVIS. Subsequent monitoring of these populations will confirm the clinical equivalence of these new technologies
Paget-Bailly, Sophie. "Facteurs de risque professionnels des cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures : Synthèse des données épidémiologiques et analyse d'une étude cas-témoins, l'étude Icare." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00873568.
Hussenet, Thomas. "Toward the identification of oncogenes by high resolution mapping of gene amplifications of the 3q25-qter region in malignant fibrous histiocytoma and squamous cell carcinoma." Strasbourg 1, 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/HUSSENET_Thomas_2005.pdf.
This thesis work specifically applied the positional cloning strategy to the high resolution mapping of chromosome 3 aberrations in different tumour types to identify new candidate oncogenes located at 3q, amplified and consequently over-expressed. A first part was dedicated to Malignant Fibrous Histiocytomas (MFH). We first characterized overlapping amplicons at 3q28 in a MFH cell line and two other MFH primary tumours. From this region, we identified a microRNA encoding gene, hsa-miR-28 as an oncogene candidate and further identified three targets of miR-28 which all play roles in cell cycle regulation. A second part was dedicated to Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). We analyzed chromosome 3 aberrations in a series of 25 lung SCC using array CGH and delineated a common region of high-level amplifications at 3q26. 3 for 20% of the tumours. Further high-resolution mapping pinpoint a 2 Mb consensus region. Analyses of the transcriptional consequences of these high-level amplifications were carried out for 9 genes. Most of them are recurrently over-expressed but two, SOX2 and SOX2OT, likely represent the 3q26. 3 amplification driver genes. Our strategy also enabled us to isolate cyclin L1 (CCNL1) gene at 3q25. 3 as a candidate oncogene in head and neck SCC (HNSCC). Investigations of CCNL1 gene alterations in a large series of HNSCC revealed consistent copy number gains and over-expression. Using array CGH we finally delineated several high-level amplifications at 3q in a series of 25 analyzed HNSCC, defining a common region overlapping with the consensus region defined for lung SCC thus suggesting that similar genes at 3q26. 3 may be involved in SCC pathogenesis independently of the localization. In conclusion we were able to isolate several candidate oncogenes located at 3q in different tumour types, illustrating the power of the positional cloning strategy applied to tumour genomes. Further investigations are needed to assess their oncogenic status
Mourareau, Céline. "Bio-CAD - Etude de biomarqueurs de progression tumorale dans les cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures en fonction de leur statut HPV." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS029/document.
Each year, 610,000 cancers are diagnosed worldwide attributed to high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection. Although head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is mainly associated with tobacco and/or alcohol consumption, 20 to 25% are caused by HPV infection, particularly HPV type 16. Although patients with HPV+ tumors present a better overall survival, they are diagnosed with more lymph node metastasis than HPV-negative patients.Through a study of HNSCC derived cell lines, we showed that all HPV-positives cell lines harbored HPV genome integration through host genome, with different integration profiles. Cell lines identified as good HPV+ and HPV- tumors models are UPCI:SCC090 and FaDu respectively. The first one by its migratory and proliferative properties, the second through its poor aggressiveness and mutation of p53 cellular gene.In a study on a retrospective series of oropharyngeal carcinomas with surgical resection, 6 out of 40 cancers shown HPV16 active infection (expressing E6*I mRNA). We studied epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers on this oropharyngeal cancers, according to HPV status. We found a larger loss of epithelial marker E-cadherin in HPV+ group and loss of this marker is associated with a worse overall survival.We showed that HPV and EMT status seem to be two independent factors that could combine differently to define different prognostic levels
Gamelin, Erick. "Pharmacologie clinique du 5-fluorouracile et de certains sels de platine chez des patients souffrant de cancers du tractus digestif et des voies aéro-digestives supérieures." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28484.
Badoual, Cécile. "Rôle pronostique des lymphocytes T CD4+CD25+ intratumoraux et analyse des mécanismes de production du CD25 soluble dans les tumeurs des voies aéro-digestives supérieures." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066467.
Thomas, Fabienne. "Mécanismes d'action et de résistance de l'erlotinib dans les cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/746/.
Our work aims to study the action of an EGFR inhibitor (erlotinib) in patients with HNSCC; and to identify predictive markers of response in order to select patients that can benefit of the treatment. Immunochemistry analyses were performed on tumor tissues and show that basal p21waf expression (CDK-cyclins inhibitor) was positively associated with tumor response. EGFR mutations and Kras mutations were not detected in HNSCC patients of our study. . The EGFR gene copy number, that has been identified as a factor linked with tyrosine kinase inhibitors sensitivity in lung cancer, did not correlate with clinical response. We also studied erlotinib pharmacokinetics and try to establish pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics relationships (PK /PD relationships). Pharmacokinetic analysis show that the smoking status, the hepatic function and age were relevant covariates to predict erlotinib elimination. Moreover, there is a relationship between drug exposure and toxicity but not between exposure and response. The last part of this work consisted in analysing genomic expression of the tumors before and after treatment by using microarrays (Affymetrix HG U133A GeneChip(r)) to identify genes differentially expressed in responders versus non responders and to characterize erlotinib effect on genes expression
Wozny, Anne-sophie. "Mécanismes moléculaires spécifiques de la réponse aux ions carbone dans les cellules tumorales (souches et non souches) des cancers des Voies Aéro-Digestives Supérieures." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m6m044rb.
Hadrontherapy using carbon ions is an alternative to photon irradiation in the treatment of Head and Neck cancers, because of accurate ballistics and high biological efficiency, including hypoxic tumor areas. These cancers are of poor prognosis because of a high risk of recurrences related to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs).The aim of this work was to determine the molecular specificities of the response to carbon ion irradiations compared to photons in two cancer cell lines and their CSCs’ subpopulation, in hypoxic and normoxic conditions. This work focused on the role of the HIF-1α protein in cell survival, since hypoxia promotes its stabilization, but also in the radioresistance; the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the detection and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). HIF-1α is stabilized earlier in CSCs compared to non-CSCs. Its activation, as well as the EMT pathways (STAT3, MEK/p38/JNK and Akt/mTOR), are dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS), whose production is homogeneous in response to photons. At the opposite, the ROS produced in the carbon ion tracks are insufficient to activate HIF-1α and the upstream EMT pathways. Under hypoxic conditions, a relationship has been established between HIF-1α activation and that of the DSBs detection (ATM) and repair (Rad51) pathways (Homologous Recombination). These studies demonstrate that the therapeutic advantage of carbon ions is based on the spatial ROS distribution at the nanoscale and consequently on the non-activation of key pathways involved in tumor cell defense
Macedo, Gonzales Rodney. "Development of therapeutic vaccine strategies and pre-clinical animal tumor models for head and neck cancers." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066269/document.
Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) associated with alcohol and tobacco consumption, and recently with human papillomavirus-16 (HPV-16), have bad prognosis despite current therapies. Development of innovative vaccine strategies and adequate pre-clinical tumor models are required to better evaluate HNSCCs. We developed a DNA vaccination that creates non-infectious virus-like particles, which express HPV-16 E7 oncoprotein (pVLP-E7). Results showed that pVLP-E7 induced an E7-specific immune response in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, using an ectopic model of HNSCC that expresses E6/E7 (TC-1), we found that pVLP-E7 intradermic (ID) immunizations induced anti-tumoral responses at early stages. For larger established tumors, pVLP-E7 vaccines were only efficient when administered with TLR-7 and TLR-9 agonists. In an orthotopic model that shares anatomical and inflammatory features with human HNSCC we observed that intra-cheek (IC) infusion of either TC-1 or NR-S1 cells into mice elicited higher numbers of inflammatory infiltrates in the tumor compared to ectopic models. Using this orthotopic IC model, we found that mucosal IC pVLP-E7 vaccination elicited better vaccine-specific CD8+ T-cell responses than ID administration in naive and tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, pVLP-E7 IC immunizations in combination with TLR agonists led to rejection of established tumors and long-term protection, both of which were associated with E7-specific CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumors and lymph nodes. Our findings demonstrate that pVLP-E7 IC vaccination with adjuvants is efficient against these tumor models and together provides a valuable therapeutic strategy for HNSCCs
Combes, Jean-Damien. "Epidémiologie des infections à papillomavirus humains et cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures : enjeux et perspectives de prévention." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10367.
At least one out of six cancers worldwide is caused by infectious agents, of which human papillomaviruses (HPV) are responsible for around 600 000 cancer cases each year. HPV are recognized as a necessary cause of cervical cancer, and the cause of a fraction of cancers of the anus, vulva, vagina, penis, but also the oropharynx. Recent epidemiological data report an alarming increase in the incidence of HPV-induced oropharyngeal cancers in some devel- oped countries, as in North America and North Europe. In cervical cancer, extended knowledge of the natural history of HPV infection and associat- ed lesions has led to the implementation of cervical pap smear screening resulting in a sub- stantial decrease in cervical cancer incidence. Conversely, in HPV-induced head and neck cancers, very few data on the natural history of the disease are available. Today, the mode of transmission of HPV infection and the steps in cancerisation of head and neck tissues are still poorly understood. Although vaccination against HPV should impact the incidence of HPV- induced cancers other than in the cervix, vaccine coverage is insufficient in many countries to generate herd immunity, and to date no other method for prevention of HPV-induced head and neck cancers is available. The main objectives of this work are: (i) to better define the oncogenic potential of the differ- ent HPV types [Articles I, II and III]; (ii) to improve the knowledge of the role of HPV in can- cers of the head and neck [Articles IV and V]; and (iii) to understand the natural history of HPV infection and associated lesions in the oropharynx [Projects I and II]
Gilormini, Marion. "Inhibition des protéines anti-apoptotiques de la famille Bcl-2 par l'ABT-737 : intérêt pour le traitement des cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10277/document.
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are frequently characterized by chemotherapy and radiation resistance and 5-year survival rates have lingered around 50% for several decades. The frequent resistance of HNSCC is due, in large part, to aberrant inhibition of apoptosis and overexpression of antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 protein family. The aim of this study was to examine, in association with radiation, the impact of ABT-737, a potent small-molecule inhibitor of Bcl-XL and Bcl-2, on HNSCC cells and cancer stem cells (CSC).The first part of our work demonstrated that ABT-737 strongly synergized with radiotherapy to promote HNSCC cell death and loss of clonogenic survival. This effect involves mitochondrial damage, modulates ceramide metabolism and modify the expression of some proteins of the Bcl-2 family whose interactions with other family members determine cell fate. Moreover, we found that this combination is able to significantly slow tumor growth.The second part of our work revealed that ABT-737, even without radiation, had a preferential cytotoxic activity in vitro towards CSC. Thus, as CSC have a greater capacity for tumor relapse, increased motility and invasiveness, our data suggest that ABT-737 could effectively complement a first line of therapy with chemotherapy or radiotherapy in order to target residual quiescent HNSCC CSC
Bertrand, Gérald. "Caractérisation et ciblage thérapeutique d'une sous-population de cellules souches cancéreuses dans un modèle cellulaire de carcinome épidermoïde de la tête et du cou résistant à l'irradiation par photon et ions carbone." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10118/document.
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) have a poor prognosis, due to their resistance to standard treatments. In most cases, locoregional recurrence or metastases occur. This study has focused on the role of cancer stem cells (CSC) in the radioresistance of the SQ20B HNSCC cell line and their therapeutic targeting in association with photon or carbon ions irradiation. A subpopulation of SQ20B-CSC has been isolated by cell sorting based on 3 specific characteristics of HNSCC-CSC : Hoechst 33342 exclusion, CD44 expression and high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDH). SQ20B/SP/CD44high/ALDHhigh cells show the CSC characteristics (in vitro and in vivo tumorigenesis, high radioresistance). The response of CSC to both types of irradiation was compared to the non-“stem cells” SQ20B/SP/CD44low sub-population. The observed radioresistance involves a decrease in apoptotic cell death, an increase in proliferative capacities and an overexpression of the Bmi1 self-renewing signaling pathway. The radiosensitizing effects of 3 molecules targeting the CSC has been demonstrated : an induction of apoptotic cell death by the inhibition of the G2/M phase arrest after a treatment with UCN01 ; an inhibition of proliferative capacities using the all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) which induce their differentiation ; and an inhibition of Bmi1 by artesunate. These treatments, alone or in combination (UCN01+ATRA) have a synergistic effect with photon or carbon ion irradiation to overcome CSC radioresistance. Preclinical and clinical studies should confirm the benefit of targeting CSC and improve the control of tumor escape in patients with radioresistant HNSCC cancers
Carton, Matthieu. "Facteurs de risque professionnels des cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures chez les femmes : analyse des données de l’étude Icare." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV002/document.
Background : Few occupational studies have addressed head and neck cancer, and these studies have been predominantly conducted in men. Objective : Our objective was to investigate the associations between head and neck cancer and occupational exposures in women Population and methods : ICARE, a French population-based case–control study, included 296 squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC) in women and 775 female controls. Lifelong occupational history was collected. Job-exposure matrices were used to assess exposure to five chlorinated solvents (carbon tetrachloride; chloroform; methylene chloride; perchloroethylene; trichloroethylene), 5 petroleum solvents (benzene; special petroleum product; gasoline; white-spirits and other light aromatic mixtures; diesel, fuels and kerosene), 5 oxygenated solvents (alcohols; ketones and esters; ethylene glycol; diethyl ether; tetrahydrofuran) and 7 fibers and dusts (asbestos, flour dust, leather dust, refractory ceramic fibers, cement dust, mineral wools and silica) . An analysis by job title was conducted, and then associations with specific occupational exposures were investigated.Odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for smoking, alcohol drinking, age and residence area, were estimated with logistic models. Results : Significantly increased HNSCC risks were found for several jobs and industries. Some of these occupations (food and beverage processors, electrical and electronic equipment assemblers, welders and flame cutters) may entail exposure to agents such as solvents, metals, welding fumes and various dusts. Analyses for specific occupational exposures showed a significantly elevated risk of HNSCC associated with exposure to trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene. There is no clear evidence that petroleum or oxygenated solvents, some of them commonly used by women, are risk factors for HNSCC. Exposure to flour dust increased significantly HNSCC risk. Probable exposure to asbestos was associated with a moderate, non-significant elevation in risk. Analyses by cancer site (oral cavity, pharynx, larynx) were hampered by small numbers and did to reveal any specific association.Conclusion : These findings suggest that occupational exposure to perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene and flour dust may increase the risk of HNSCC in women
Hoffmann, Caroline. "Dendritic Cells in Head and Neck Cancer Microenvironment : From Mechanisms to Biomarkers." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS308/document.
The objective of the thesis was to decipher the molecular state of tumor infiltrating dendritic cell (DC) and their relation to the tumor microenvironment. By combining the analysis of human tumor samples by flow cytometry and RNA sequencing, of tumor secretome and of a large dataset of in vitro DC-Tcell interactions I obtained 2 main findings. First, we reported a novel classification of human activated DC, that are either “secretory” that is specialized in secreting cytokines and chemokines, or “helper” that is specialized at inducing the secretion of a broad range of T helper cytokines after cell co-culture. DC infiltrating inflamed human head and neck cancer matched the “secretory” phenotypic and transcriptomic signatures. Beyond this novel biological concept, this classification is of importance as a theoretical basis for adjuvant-based immunotherapy. Secondly, we showed that tumor inflammation was not the main prognostic factor for oral cavity cancer (OCC) patients, but that MMP2 and the presence of extra-nodal extension were independent predictors of reduced disease-specific survival. We could stratify OCC into 4 prognostic groups and showed that they had similar expected rates of response to immunotherapy. Our data may serve to design a biomarker-driven clinical trial proposing neoadjuvant chemotherapy or immunotherapy to high-risk patients, with the goal of reducing the percentage of OCC patients that will present with early and severe recurrences
Mouawad, François. "Evaluation de combinaisons thérapeutiques ciblées en cancérologie des voies aérodigestives supérieures. Mise au point d’un modèle tumoral in vivo." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S028/document.
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. The treatment of advanced stages HNSCC is based on surgical treatment combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy or concomitant chemo-radiotherapy. However, the 5-year survival remains poor for advanced stages HNSCC and the development of new targeted therapies is eagerly awaited. F14512 combines an epipodophyllotoxin core-targeting topoisomerase II with a spermine moiety introduced as a cell delivery vector. This spermine moiety facilitates selective uptake by tumor cells via the Polyamine Transport System (PTS) and reinforces topoisomerase II poisoning. Here we report the evaluation of F14512 toward HNSCC.Four cell lines representative of head and neck cancer localizations were used: Fadu (pharynx), SQ20B (larynx), CAL33 and CAL27 (base of the tongue). PTS activity and specificity were evaluated by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry using the fluorescent probe F17073 which contains the same spermine moiety as F14512. Cytotoxicity, alone or in association with standard chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin, 5FU), and radio-sensitizing effects were investigated using MTS and clonogenic assays, respectively. F14512 efficiency and PTS activity were also measured under hypoxic conditions (1% O2).In all 4 tested HNSCC lines, an active PTS was evidenced providing a specific and rapid transfer of spermine-coupled compounds into cell nuclei. Interestingly, F14512 presents a 1.6 to 11 fold higher cytotoxic effect than the reference compound etoposide (lacking the spermine chain). It appears also more cytotoxic than 5FU and cisplatin in all cell lines. Competition experiments with spermine confirmed the essential role of the PTS in the cell uptake and cytotoxicity of F14512. Hypoxia had almost no impact on the drug cytotoxicity. The combination of F14512 with cisplatin, but not 5FU, was found to be synergistic and, for the first time, we demonstrated the significant radio-sensitizing potential of F14512. The spermine moiety of F14512 confers a targeted effect and a much better efficacy than etoposide in HNSCC lines. The synergistic effect observed in association with cisplatin and radiotherapy augurs well for the potential development of F14512 in HNSCC
Coliat, Pierre. "Stratégie de sensibilisation des tumeurs des voies aérodigestives supérieures aux anti-EGFR et résistance induite : induction de HIF-2 et opportunité thérapeutique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ067/document.
Management of HNSCC relies on surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Despite these treatments, the 5 years overall survival of patient is lower than 50%. Main causes of therapeutic failure are due to the profile of resistance of tumors. The efficacy of a combination rapalogues and anti-EGFR therapies in targeting the EGFR/mTOR/HIF-1 axis in solid tumors was shown previously. In this PhD work, we have evaluated the impact of a low-dose drug combination on head and neck cancer cells lines with a pharmacological and molecular approach. We show that the combination of rapamycine (5nM) and cetuximab (2,5μg/ml) efficiently inhibits the HIF-1 transcription factor and impairs cell clonogenic survival. The efficacy of radiation therapy is improved by this drug combination. However, cell resistance to the treatment is acquired via the induction of HIF-2 in our resistant model cell line. This induction is associated with more tumor relapse in tumors mice xenograft. The inhibition of HIF-2 achieves a dramatic drop of cell clonogenic survival to < 1%
Mirghani, Haitham. "Analyse comparative du transcriptome et miRNone des cancers de l'oropharynx en fonction du statut HPV16." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066230.
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) represent the sixth most common form of cancer with an annual incidence of approximately 600,000 new cases worldwide. Tobacco and alcohol abuse are the traditional risk factors. Whilst the incidence of oral cavity, larynx and hypopharynx cancers is stabilizing or falling, because of a drop in tobacco consumption, those arising in the oropharynx are on the increase. This epidemiologic change has been attributed to high-risk human papillomavirus and particularly to type 16 (HPV16), which is now recognized as a causative agent in a growing subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs).HPV-induced OPSCCs represent a distinct subgroup, separate from other HNSCCs, with unique epidemiologic, clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics. They affect young patients, are highly lymphophilic and have markedly improved survival outcomes compared to those with HPV-negative HNSCC. The emergence of these cancers demands special attention, as in the coming years diagnosis, treatment and follow up in HNSCC may vary according to HPV status. However, these objectives will not be fully achieved without a better understanding of their natural history and specific oncogenic mechanisms. The goal of this work is to contribute to a better understanding of the biological basis that differentiates HPV-induced OPSCCs from their HPV-negative counterparts. To this end, we have investigated global changes in gene expression in a cohort of 38 strictly selected OPSCCs. We have identified a set of mRNA and miRNA that discriminated between OPSCCs solely according to HPV16 status. The functional analysis of these 2 sets confirms that the biological basis of OPSCCs varies according to their HPV status and consolidates at the molecular level known or suspected clinical and pathological data (e.g tumoral differentiation, lymphoid infiltrations…). This study highlights the potential role of several pathways that, once deregulated, could contribute to the development of HPV-induced OPSCC. Further investigation is required for a more comprehensive understanding of the biological properties of HPV related OPSCCs. These properties may be exploited to develop novel therapeutic agents
Rebucci, Magali. "Mécanismes de résistance au cetuximab et influence des associations de traitement dans des lignées cellulaires de cancers de voies aérodigestives supérieures." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576444.
Jégu, Jérémie. "Cancer ultérieur chez les survivants d'un premier cancer : incidence et impact sur la survie." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ006/document.
The objectives of this PhD thesis were: to study the trends of the risk of second primary cancer (SPC) among patients with a head and neck (HNSCC) cancer in Bas-Rhin, to provide first nationwide estimates of the risk of SPC in France and to assess the survival of patients with a HNSCC depending on their history of cancer. This work showed that : 1) The excess risk of SPC of head and neck and esophagus sites decreased by 53% over three decades among patients with a HNSCC, and that the excess risk of SPC of the lung did not change significantly. 2) The risk of SPC among cancer survivors in France was increased by 36% compared to the general population. 3) History of cancer was strongly associated with survival among HNSCC patients. Several epidemiological and clinical research perspectives can be established based on this work. These results also present an interest in a public health perspective in the framework of the third cancer plan
Bidault, François. "Optimisation des séquences IRM et positionnement en carcinologie cervico-faciale de la TEP-IRM." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL060.
The imaging workup for Head and Neck (ENT) cancers uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. PET-MRI combines these two modalities and makes it possible to consider multiparametric exploration of ENT cancers. The implementation of a PET-MRI imaging protocol raises instrumentation questions.OjectivesThe objectives were to: quantify and correct arterial flow-related enhancement on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI ; measure the precision of the T1 relaxation times maps and measure the T1 relaxation time of ENT cancer ; calculate the lung nodules detection rate by the MRI zero echo time sequence (ZTE) and evaluate the accuracy of lung nodules size measurement ; compare radiomic features values for different magnetic field strength (3 Tesla versus 1.5 Tesla). The study of the arterial flow-related enhancement and its correction was carried out with a 3 Tesla imager and a flow apparatus, then in humans. The T1 mapping study was performed with a 3 Tesla imager and calibration phantoms, the T1 measurement of ENT cancer was performed in 10 patients. The study of the ZTE sequence was performed by two readers with a 3 Tesla imager in comparison with the computed tomography (CTscan, gold standard) in 12 patients. The study of texture indices was performed with 3 Tesla and 1.5 Tesla imagers and “homemade phantoms”, with an open access texture software and then in 10 healthy volunteers. The MRI saturation method of the carotid arterial flow effectively corrects the alteration of the signal of the arterial input function related to the flow-related enhancement. Its application makes it possible to consider performing MRI perfusion / permeability acquisitions that meet the recommendations of learned societies in terms of temporal resolution (less than 5 seconds) while being adapted to ENT anatomy and to the combination of parametric imaging. The value of the relaxation time T1 of squamous cell carcinoma of the VADS is calculated at 1314.5 ms (± 246.1). Performing T1 mapping requires calibration of clinical MRI sequences using a phantom and reference MRI sequences.The detection rate of pulmonary nodules by ZTE is 53% (CI95% [48-58]), and 85% (CI95% [78-92]) for nodules of size more than 9 mm. The correlation between the size of the nodules with the ZTE sequence and the size on the CTscan is excellent. Areas for improvement of the sequence may focus on increasing spatial resolution and optimizing control of respiratory movement.The values of the texture indices in MRI vary with the intensity of the magnetic field (3 Tesla versus 1.5 Tesla). These results contribute to the development of a protocol for acquiring PET-MRI images in ENT oncology. Two clinical studies are in progress using these results. These studies will make it possible to evaluate the performance of the PET-MRI and of the combination of parametric MRI and PET imaging in ENT cancer, with a high level of histological evidence
Simonet, Stéphanie. "Radiosensitizing effect of AGuIX® in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) : from cellular uptake to subcellular damage." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1042/document.
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma is ranked among the top ten deadliest cancers due to its high radioresistance and recurrence. One radiosensitizing strategy is the use of high-Z metal nanoparticles. In this study, ultrasmall gadolinium-based nanoparticles, AGuIX®, were used for their potential as a radiosensitizing agent. The objectives of this work were to determine the radiosensitizing conditions of AGuIX® in an HNSCC cell model, their localization after uptake, and the biological consequences generated at the subcellular level after the combined treatment. A preliminary proteomic approach was initiated in order to identify potential molecular targets involved in radiosensitization. The treatment of SQ20B cells with 0.8mM Gd for 24h resulted in a dose enhancement factor (DEF) of 1.3. AGuIX® were predominantly localized in lysosomes. The overproduction of radical oxygen species following AGuIX® + radiation was intimately involved in the radiosensitization, although largely subdued by the high level of endogenous antioxidant defenses. Autophagy was specifically triggered after the combined treatment, while other irradiation-induced cell deaths remained unchanged. The number of complex, residual double strand breaks (DSBs) was specifically increased with AGuIX® combined to radiation. Lastly, our preliminary proteomic analysis allowed the isolation of potential molecular targets with great promise. Collectively, it seems that the radiosensitizing effect observed in this work may result from a combination of events.Future work is required to understand the mechanisms linking lysosomes-entrapped AGuIX® with the upregulation of autophagic cell death after radiation
Castelli, Joël. "Radiothérapie adaptative morphologique et métabolique des cancers ORL." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B043/document.
Objectifs: The aims of this work were (i) to evaluate the dosimetric benefit and to predict the clinical benefit of adaptive radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, regarding both toxicities and local control, (ii) to identify patients whose good candidate for an adaptive strategy, and (iii) to identify the best adaptive strategy to spare the parotid glands. Materials and methods: The dosimetric benefit was assessed using data from a phase III study evaluating the clinical benefit of an adaptive radiotherapy. Cumulated dose with and without adaptive was estimated using deformable image registration. Different methods of deformable image registration were evaluated regarding both spatial and dose estimation accuracy. Predictive model of the risk of parotid gland overdose was computed using generalized linear mixed model and cross validation by leave‐one‐out. The dosimetric benefit of numerous replanning strategies, defined by various numbers and timing of replanning, with regard to parotid gland sparing, was quantified. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the predictive value of quantitative PET parameters. The predictive value of PET intensity parameters was assessed using two independent cohorts of patients. Résultats: Without adaptive radiotherapy, 65% of the patients had a PG overdose of more than 2 Gy and 50% of the patients had a tumor underdose of more than 1 Gy. Adaptive radiotherapy allows to correct both parotid gland overdose and tumor underdose. Based on parameters calculated at the planning and at the first week of treatment, predictive models of PG overdose and tumor underdose were computed. PET parameters correlated with overall survival were identified. Using two independent cohorts of patients, a nomogram to predict survival was build and externally validated. Conclusion: Our studies showed the benefit of adaptive radiotherapy to spare the parotid glands while increasing tumor coverage. These benefits should allow to decrease the toxicities while increasing local control. Early anatomical and dosimetric parameters allow identifying patients at risk of tumor underdose or parotid gland overdose. PET performed before the treatment allows identifying patients with a high‐risk of locoregional failure and death, potentially candidates for treatment. These results justify further studies on a larger cohort of patients, ideally in phase III clinical trials
Hanns, Elodie. "Analyse et caractérisation moléculaire de l'hypoxie intratumorale de carcinomes épidermoïdes de l'oropharynx." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ063/document.
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. The major risk factors for HNSCC identified are tobacco use and alcohol consumption (80% of all HNSCC), which seem to have a synergistic effect. A subgroup of HNSCCs (20% of cases), particularly those of the oropharynx, is caused by infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Human papillomavirus HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma defines a distinct clinical subgroup of head and neck cancer patients with improved prognosis. Currently, one of the several hypothesis studied to account for their improved survival outcomes could be a distinct hypoxia status compared to their HPV-negative counterpart. Indeed, tumour hypoxia is common in solid tumours including head and neck tumours, and hypoxia is a well-known poor prognosis factor. In first part of this thesis, we have performed a molecular characterisation of tumor hypoxia on cohort of oropharyngeal tumours according to HPV status of the patients. The results support the hypothesis that HPV-related tumours display a lesser hypoxia status compared to HPV-negative oropharyngeal tumours. These HPV-related tumours also characterize by an abundant tumour vascularisation, which could be responsible for a lesser hypoxia status. In a second part, we have studied the ability of the adaptation to hypoxia of the HPV-positive SCC90 cell line and HPV-negative SQ20B cell line. Furthermore, HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC xenograft models have been established and have been analysed about tumor hypoxia. Similar to HPV-related HNSCC, tumours-derived HPV positive cell lines display a reduced hypoxic status compared to tumours-derived HPV negative cell lines. The two cell lines adapt also differently to in vitro hypoxia. In the HPV-positive cell line, the hypoxia response pathways could be more dynamics. Indeed, SCC90 cell lines attempt to adapt and to reply to hypoxic environment inducing highly expression of all of the hypoxia related genes compared to SQ20B cell lines
Jouan-Hureaux, Valérie. "Les thérapies ciblées anti-EGFR ont-elles un réel effet anti-angiogénique ? Etude in vitro de l'angiogenèse induite par des cellules cancéreuses des VADS traitées ou non par le Cetuximab." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10115/document.
Overexpression of EGFR has a major role in the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its inhibition by anti-EGFR antibodies (cetuximab) induced an anti-tumor effect but could also induce an anti-angiogenic effect. However, the effects of these agents onto angiogenesis and endothelial cells (EC) have not really been evaluated. The objective of this work is to study angiogenesis induced by mediators released by head and neck squamous carcinoma cells (Cal27, FaDu) in culture media with or without cetuximab exposure, known as conditioned media (CM). Cetuximab has no significant direct effect on EC. It induces a decrease in the secretion of VEGF by tumor cells but, paradoxically, the CM induces a pro-angiogenic effect. The analysis of the composition of the CM does not allow us to identify a key molecule responsible for this effect because cetuximab decreases the secretion of both pro- and anti-angiogenic factors by tumor cells. To explain this paradox and in agreement with the literature, we highlighted the release of microvesicles by our tumor cells (TMV), TMV which express EGFR and TF, and regulation of this release and the content of TMV after cetuximab exposure. These TMV may interact with the EC and cetuximab increases this interaction. Further characterization of TMV and studying their role in the angiogenic process in response to cetuximab will allow us in the future to understand the real activity of anti-EGFR antibodies onto angiogenesis
Pervilhac, Loredana. "Facteurs de risque des cancers de la cavité orale : Analyse des données d'un étude cas-témoins en population, l'étude ICARE." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00821931.
Wozny, Anne-Sophie. "Mécanismes moléculaires spécifiques de la réponse aux ions carbone dans les cellules tumorales (souches et non souches) des cancers des Voies Aéro-Digestives Supérieures." Thesis, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1120.
Hadrontherapy using carbon ions is an alternative to photon irradiation in the treatment of Head and Neck cancers, because of accurate ballistics and high biological efficiency, including hypoxic tumor areas. These cancers are of poor prognosis because of a high risk of recurrences related to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs).The aim of this work was to determine the molecular specificities of the response to carbon ion irradiations compared to photons in two cancer cell lines and their CSCs’ subpopulation, in hypoxic and normoxic conditions. This work focused on the role of the HIF-1α protein in cell survival, since hypoxia promotes its stabilization, but also in the radioresistance; the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the detection and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). HIF-1α is stabilized earlier in CSCs compared to non-CSCs. Its activation, as well as the EMT pathways (STAT3, MEK/p38/JNK and Akt/mTOR), are dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS), whose production is homogeneous in response to photons. At the opposite, the ROS produced in the carbon ion tracks are insufficient to activate HIF-1α and the upstream EMT pathways. Under hypoxic conditions, a relationship has been established between HIF-1α activation and that of the DSBs detection (ATM) and repair (Rad51) pathways (Homologous Recombination). These studies demonstrate that the therapeutic advantage of carbon ions is based on the spatial ROS distribution at the nanoscale and consequently on the non-activation of key pathways involved in tumor cell defense