Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Voie de signalisation RASSF'
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Tocqueville, Camille. "Implication de la Striatin3 dans la régulation des voies Wnt et Hippo dans le carcinome hépatocellulaire et son rôle de suppresseur de tumeur dans l’hépatoblastome." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0495.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the role of Striatin-3 in hepatoblastoma (HB) andhepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), two liver cancers characterized by genederegulations, chromosomal rearrangements, and mutations in genes related to theWnt/beta-catenin (Wnt) signaling pathway. These alterations lead to abnormalactivation of this pathway. Mutations in the gene encoding β-catenin (CTNNB1) arevery frequent in these cancers, with around 80% of cases in HB and 30% in HCC.The STRN3 protein belongs to a family of scaffold proteins, the striatins, which are partof the STRIPAK complex. This complex is known to regulate the phosphatase PP2A,which plays a role in multiple signaling pathways, such as the Hippo pathway and theMAPK cascade. In cancers, STRN3 has been associated with an oncogenic role bymodifying the action of PP2A, transforming this tumor suppressor protein into anoncogenic protein.Our results show that STRN3 is under-expressed in patient cohorts with HB, as wellas in cell lines derived from HB. STRN3 overexpression leads to a decrease in theproliferation of HB-derived cell lines and patient-derived lines (HB-PDX). However, ithas no effect on the proliferation of Huh7 cells, a line derived from HCC that has a wildtypeform of β-catenin. This reduction in HB cell line proliferation was confirmed by anirreversible cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, we showed that introducing mutationsinhibiting the β-catenin degradation complex in Huh7 cells induces a decrease in theirproliferation.Additionally, in Huh7 cells, STRN3 overexpression leads to a decrease in Wnt pathwayactivity, along with an increase in the nuclear activity of YAP/TAZ proteins,corresponding to inhibition of the Hippo pathway. In contrast, no effect of STRN3 onWnt and Hippo pathway activity was observed in lines with mutated forms of β-catenin.Our data suggests that STRN3 acts on the Wnt pathway independently of the β-catenindegradation complex. STRN3 also affects the regulation of the Hippo pathway, not byacting on the MST1/2, SAV1, and LATS1/2 kinases, but through the β-catenindegradation complex.Moreover, we sought to determine the impact of CTNNB1 gene mutations found in HBduring the different phases of liver embryonic development. To do this, we initiated thedevelopment of a new embryonic development model in Xenopus, allowing forcontrolled expression of the mutated form of β-catenin found in HB, to study themalignant transformation of hepatic cells. Although the development of this model hasnot yet been completed due to technical difficulties, it should represent an importantstep in studying the mechanisms of HB carcinogenesis.This thesis contributes to a better understanding of the role of STRN3 in liver cancers,particularly in the modulation of the Wnt and Hippo signaling pathways, as well as inthe regulation of the cell cycle
Moretti, Julien. "Déubiquitinations dans la voie de signalisation Notch." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00726110.
Full textMoretti, Julien. "Deubiquitinations dans la voie de signalisation Notch." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066365.
Full textFouillade, Charles. "Voie de signalisation Notch3 dans les artères cérébrales." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T043.
Full textNotch3 encodes a transmembrane receptor primarily expressed in arterial smooth muscle cells. Human and mouse genetics studies demonstrated that Notch3 is a key player in physiology and diseases of small vessels. Studies in mice revealed that Notch3 is required to generate functional arteries in regulating arterial differentiation, maturation of vascular smooth muscle cells and myogenic tone. Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most frequent hereditary small vessels disease in human adults caused by NOTCH3 mutations. Pathogenic mutations lead to an odd number of cysteine residues within the NOTCH3 extracellular domain. Data from the laboratory suggest a model that invokes novel pathogenic roles from the mutant NOTCH3 protein. The main goals of this work are: 1°) To determine if there is small vessels disease caused by modification of Notch3 activity 2°) To identify Notch3 effectors involved in development and maturation of cerebral arteries We identified a novel heterozygous missense mutation (L1515P) in the heterodimerization domain of NOTCH3 in a patient with cerebral small vessel distinct from CADASIL. In vitro analysis showed that the L1515P mutant exhibits increased canonical NOTCH3 signaling in a ligand-independent manner. Biochemical analysis suggests that the mutation renders NOTCH3 hyperactive through destabilization of the heterodimer. Transcriptome analysis using tail arteries of Notch3-/- and Notch3+/+ mice identified a core set of 17 novel Notch3-regulated genes confirmed in tail or brain arteries. Postnatal deletion of RBP-Jκ in smooth muscle cells recapitulated the structural, functional, and molecular defects of brain arteries induced by Notch3 deficiency. Transient in vivo blockade of the Notch pathway with γ-secretase inhibitors uncovered, in addition to Notch3, 6 immediate responders, including the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.5, which opposes to myogenic constriction of brain arteries, and the glutamate receptor-interacting protein-2, with no previously established role in the cerebrovasculature. We identified a vascular smooth muscle cell isoform of Grip2. We showed that Notch3-RBP-Jκ specifically regulates this isoform. Finally, we found that cerebral arteries of glutamate receptor-interacting protein-2 mutant mice, which express an N-terminally truncated glutamate receptor-interacting protein-2, exhibited selective attenuation of pressure-induced contraction. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the existence of a NOTCH3 activating mutation associated with small vessels disease in human. Our results show that, in the context of cerebral arteries maturation, Notch3 functions are mediated by CSL/RBPJK transcription factor. We have identified several new Notch3 effectors and validated Grip2 as a novel regulator of myogenic tone in cerebral arteries. One can expect that mutations in these Notch3-regulated genes could be responsible of some monogenic form of small vessel diseases of the brain
Moutal, Aubin. "CRMP5 dans les glioblastomes : fonction et voie de signalisation." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01056757.
Full textGirardin, Stephen. "Régulation de la voie de signalisation intracellulaire JNK/SAPK." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13179.
Full textMoreau, Manon. "Analyse de la voie de signalisation TOR chez arabidopsis thaliana." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112328.
Full textThe TOR (Target Of Rapamycin) protein is a serine/threonine kinase related to the PIKK (PhosphatidylInositol Kinase-related Kinases) family, which is essential for survival and highly conserved between eukaryotes. TOR functions in two multiprotein complexes, TORC1 and TORC2 which integrate various environmental signals like growth factors, energy level, stress, and nutrient availability, thus regulating growth by controlling translation, transcription, ribosome biogenesis, autophagy, cell cycle, metabolism, and actin cytoskeleton organization. TORC1 and TORC2 are composed of different protein partners and play different roles in cells. TORC1 is composed of TOR, RAPTOR and LST8 while TORC2 is formed by TOR, LST8 and RICTOR. The Arabidopsis genome contains a single Tor gene, two Raptor genes, and two Lst8 genes but no obvious ortholog of Rictor gene which raises the question of the presence of a second TOR complex in plants. The goal of my thesis is to better understand the upstream and downstream components of the TOR signalization pathway as well as organization of the TOR complex in Arabidopsis. The LST8 protein study revealed that LST8 plays an important role in growth, development, flowering, nitrogen metabolism and long-day acclimatation. We also used ethanol inducible Tor RNAi lines to perform transcriptomic, translatomic, metabolomic and cytologic studies and unveiled potential targets and cellular functions of the TOR complex in Arabidopsis
Boutet, Nathalie. "Etudes moléculaires de la voie de signalisation Hedgehog chez l'homme." Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR20990.
Full text"Hedgehogopathy" defines in human a group of hereditary dysmorphic syndromes with an alteration of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. In this pathway, the patched gene encodes a receptor that acts in opposition to Hh protein. In the absence of a functional PTCH protein, GLI transcription factors are overexpressed. In human, ptch1 gene mutations are involved in Gorlin syndrome or Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome, and gli3 is mutated in Greig syndrome (GCPS) and Pallister-Hall syndrome (PHS). We have studied gene mutations spectrum in 151 patients cases of Gorlin syndrome, 52 cases of Greig and Pallister-Hall syndromes, with different techniques including dHPLC. 27 ptch1 mutations have been identified, where one recurrent mutation in exon 8, and 5 gli3 mutations. While a phenotype-genotype correlation seems to exist in Greig and Pallister-Hall syndromes, no correlation was found in the Gorlin syndrome. Patients affected by Gorlin syndrome generally develop basal cell carcinoma (BCC), in which GLI1 protein is overexpressed. We hypothesize that decoy oligonucleotides containing the GLI1 DNA binding site would effectively bind GLI1, preventing the transactivation of essential genes of the Hh pathway and thereby inhibiting proliferation. In this way, we design an experimental in vitro system, based on the transactivation of a reporter gene, the luciferase, which allows the visualisation of GLI DNA binding. However we were unable to demonstrate any inactivation of GLI1 by using decoy oligonucleotides
Dubacq, Caroline. "Laprotéine kinase Snf1 et le facteur de transcription Mig3 sont impliqués dans une nouvelle voie de réponse aux stress génotoxiques chez la levure Saccharomyces cervisiae." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112187.
Full textGenotoxic stresses induce DNA damage or DNA replication block that can impair the transmission of genetic information. In the budding yeast S. Cerevisiae, the signal transduction pathway allowing cell cycle arrest and DNA repair is under the control of the essential Mec1 and Rad53 kinases, homologues of the ATR and Chk2 mammalian kinases. We show here a genetic interaction between a toxic RAD53-GFP allele and the MIG3 gene, encoding a transcriptional repressor of the MIG family. The Snf1 kinase, homologous to the mammalian AMPK, is activated during glucose starvation and is partly responsible for derepression of glucose repressed genes through phosphorylation of the Mig1 repressor. We demonstrate that the basal activity of Snf1 is required for an optimal tolerance to hydroxyurea, an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductases (RNR) and thus DNA replication, to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), a DNA alkylating agent, or to cadmium, a genotoxic metal. Snf1 is not required for cell cycle arrest or RNR2-4 transcriptional activation mediated by the Mec1 pathway. The Snf1 kinase may participate in DNA repair or in replication resumption. The Mig3 repressor is among the Snf1 targets in response to genotoxic stress or during glucose privation and dissimilar post-traductional modifications of Mig3 correlate with Snf1 kinase activity levels in both conditions. We determined through DNA microarray analysis that the Yap1 and Aft1 transcription factors seem to be activated during hydroxyurea exposure, probably enhancing redox and iron homeostasis that are two conditions required for RNR function. We suggest that Snf1 could be required to restore RNR function during hydroxyurea, MMS or cadmium induced genotoxic stress. Some evidence also suggests that Snf1 kinase activity is implicated in chromatin structure remodelling or in the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in vacuolar functions, in protein targeted degradation, or in membrane lipid synthesis during genotoxic stress
Nivlet, Laure. "Etude de la voie de signalisation Artn/Gfrɑ3 dans le pancréas." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ087/document.
Full textThe generation of therapeutic ß-cell from human embryonic stem cells relies on the identification of growth factors that faithfully mimic pancreatic ß-cell development in vitro. In this context, the aim of the study was to determine the expression and function of a novel endocrine progenitor surface marker, the Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor receptor α3 (Gfrα3) and its ligand Artemin in islet cell development and function.RT-PCR, In situ hybridization and immunochemistry were used to characterize the expression of Gfra3 and Artn mRNAs and proteins as well as of other members of the GDNF receptor and ligand family. We used Gfra3-deficient mice to study Gfrα3 function and generated a transgenic mice over expressing Artn in the embryonic pancreas to study Artn function. We found that Gfrα3 is expressed at the surface of a subset of Ngn3-positive endocrine progenitors as well as of embryonic α- and ß-cells, while Artn is found in the pancreatic mesenchyme. Adult ß-cell lack Gfrα3, but rare ß cell express the receptor. Gfrα3 is also found in parasympathetic and sympathetic intra islets neurons as well as in glial cell in the embryonic and adult pancreas. The loss of Gfrα3 or overexpression of Artn has no impact on Ngn3-and islet cell formation and maintenance in the embryo. Islet organisation and innervation as well as glucose homeostasis is normal in Gfrα3-deficient mice. Our data show that Gfrα3 is dispensable for islet cell differentiation and innervation suggesting functional redundancy. Gfrα3 could be instrumental as a surface marker for antibody–mediated sorting and characterization of relevant cell population during islet cell differentiation
Munier-Bousseton, Fabienne. "Neuroblastome, résistance in vivo à l'irinotecan et voie de signalisation ALK." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829102.
Full textBousseton, Munier. "Neuroblastome, résistance in vivo à l'irinotecan et voie de signalisation ALK." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T025/document.
Full textNeuroblastoma, including high-risk cases, show a good initial response to chemotherapy but will frequently become resistant to treatment. Topoisomerase I inhibitors represent an important therapeutic option for refractory neuroblastoma. To study the reisitance to topoisomerase I inhibitors acquired in a therapeutic setting, we developed in vivo a resistant model to irinotecan (CPT-11). Chemoresistance is known as a multifactorial phenomenon. We have therefore used several approaches to better characterize mechanisms leading to resistance in our model. A genomic approach enabled us to identify the deregulation of a signaling pathway, constituted with a receptor (ALK) and two lignads (PTN and MDK). While ALK is decsribed as a major neuroblastoma predisposition gene, mainly through activating mutations, we demonstrated that the activation of ALK occurs via mechanisms others than mutation in a large majority of cases. Moreover ALK activation is an important event in the initiation of the disease. However, we couldn’t prouve the implication of the receptor in the progression of the disease or in its response to treatment. It seems that the regulation of ALK is complex and its precise role in the progression of neuroblastoma remains to be precisely defined. Nevertheless, we have demonstrated the importance of MDK, one of ALK ligands in the regulation of the expression and activation of ALK as well as in the control of the neuroblastoma cells survival. The inhibition of the cytokine, MDK represents an interesting therapeutic strategy, complementary to anti-ALK therapies, currently in clinical development in neuroblastoma. On another hand, the phenotypic characterization of the model, showed an alteration of the signaling of DNA damage and an increased genomic instability in the resistant tumors. Those tumors also harbor a modification in the cell cycle progression, particularly an increased proportion of quiescent cells. Finally, this work enables us to identify several resistance mechanism that represent markers of response to chemotherapy and relevant therapeutic targets in neuroblastoma
Deny, Ludovic. "Nouveaux inducteurs covalents de la voie de signalisation Keap1/Nrf2/ARE." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9858.
Full textGuillemain, Ghislaine. "Étude des premières étapes d'une nouvelle voie de signalisation du glucose." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077252.
Full textPELICANO, LUIS. "Modulation de la voie de signalisation des interferons par l'acide retinoique." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066278.
Full textAmsellem-Ouazana, Delphine. "Implications de la voie de signalisation ERBB dans la carcinogénèse urothéliale." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05N13S.
Full textERBB-driven growth pathway has been implicated in most human epithelial malignancies including transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. Using quantitative real-time RTPCR we showed the interest of simultaneously quantifying the mRNA expression levels of the four ERBB and their eleven ligand genes in a series of bladder TCC. We were able to show an excellent correlation between TT-PCR results and immunohistochemistry for the evaluation of ErbB2 overexpression. We also confirmed that in bladderTCC,ERBB2 gene amplification only accounts for a small number of protein
Fattet, Laurent. "TIF1gamma, nouveau régulateur négatif de la voie de signalisation du TGFbeta." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10038/document.
Full textThe cytokine TGFbeta regulates several cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis, from embryonic development to adulthood. TGFbeta is well described for its tumor suppressor role through antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities, in particular in epithelial cells. During tumor progression however, TGFbeta becomes a tumor promotor, favoring angiogenesis, immune suppression and inducing the epitheliomesenchymal transition. Binding of TGFbeta ligand to its receptors activate cytoplasmic messenger Smad2 and Smad3 to complex with Smad4 and shuttle into the nucleus to regulate TGFbetatarget genes expression. Recently, TIF1gamma has been described as a new negative regulator of TGFbeta signaling, through monoubiquitination of Smad4 or direct competition with Smad4 to bind activated Smad2/3. This signaling pathway has to be finely tuned to target an action dependent on a cellular context, which is why we analyze here the regulation of functional interactions between the TGFbeta canonical signaling and TIF1gamma. In this study, we show that TIF1gamma acts as a negative regulator of Smad4 functions in TGFbetasignaling during the epithelio-mesenchymal transition and during terminal differentiation of mammary epithelial cells and lactation. We are also interested in studying TIF1gamma SUMOylation as additional level of regulation of cell response to TGFbeta. Thus we characterized four functional SUMOylation sites in TIF1gamma and we found that this post-translational modification inhibits the formation of Smads transcriptional complex and is needed to temporally restrict Smad4 residence on the promoter of TGFbetatarget genes. Our results show the critical role of TIF1gamma SUMOylation in the regulation of TGFbeta- induced epithelio-mesenchymal transition. As a conclusion, our study unveils the major role of TIF1gamma in the regulation of TGFbeta transcriptional responses. Moreover, we show that TIF1gamma requires SUMOylation to exert its repressive activity on TGFbetasignaling
Barrier, Marjorie. "Intérêt thérapeutique de la voie de signalisation STAT3 dans l'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30208/30208.pdf.
Full textPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease affecting distal pulmonary arteries, which progressively display obstruction. This obstruction is due to the increase of vascular pulmonary resistance and pulmonary arterial hypertension, which thus lead to a right ventricular dysfunction and then to a right heart failure from which most of the patients die. Treatments are still inefficient to improve patients’ outcome. Pulmonary arteries’ obstruction is mainly due to the proliferation and the apoptosis resistance of the pulmonary arteries smooth muscle cells (PASMC), reminding cancer phenotype. Interestingly, the laboratory has demonstrated that NFATc2, a well known overexpressed transcription factor in cancer, is involved in pulmonary arterial hypertension as well. This factor is involved in both proliferation and apoptosis resistance by regulating intracellular calcium rate, potassium current (proliferation) and mitochondrial membrane potential (apoptosis resistance). Earlier results showed that STAT3 is responsible for the overexpression of NFATc2. In Chapter 2, we demonstrated that the vegetal molecule plumbagin (PLB) inhibits STAT3 pathway overexpression and over-activation in PASMC. This inhibition leads to the decrease of the overexpression and over-activation of NFATc2, a proliferation and apoptosis resistance decrease. The same experiments were done in 2 different models of PAH, (monocrotaline –MCT- and SUGEN 5416+hypoxie). Indeed, per os PLB treatment prevents (MCT) and reverses (MCT and SU5416) PAH, by decreasing the proliferation and the apoptosis resistance. During my doctorate work, I was able to highlight that targeting STAT3/NFATc2 by PLB could greatly benefit to PAH patients, by its action on proliferation, apoptosis resistance and probably on the Warburg effect in the human PASMC as well as in 2 relevant PAH animal models, in prevention and reversion.
Bedel, Aurélie. "Signalisation mitogène des agents pro-athérogènes, implication de la voie béta-caténine." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU30149.
Full textCardiovascular diseases are an important healthcare problem. Atherosclerosis is the main etiology. During atherogenesis, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, and fibrous cape build-up are essential. In this study, we show for the first time E-cadherin/beta-catenin/Tcf4 pathway implication in human VSMC proliferation elicited by oxidized LDL. We highlight several mechanisms for ß-catenin activation by oxidized LDL: E-cadherin shedding, and dissociation of beta-catenin/E-cadherin complex and decrease of its proteasomal degradation. Metalloproteinases, sphingolipids pathway and tyrosine kinases, known to be activated by oxidized LDL, are implicated in this activation. These results on cell cultures are strengthening by immunohistochemistry staining with anti-active ß-catenin antibody on human carotid endarterectomies. These results establish an important role for ß-catenin activation in atherogenesis. In addition, we focus on mitogenic property of uPA, implicated in atherogenesis. We report that neutral sphingomyelinase-2 activation by uPA is mediated in a multi-protein complex with uPAR, MT1-MMP, MMP-2 and avß3 integrin. This complex formation seems to be necessary for ERK1/2 activation and cell proliferation induced by uPA. These data help us to better understand some aspects of atherosclerosis physiopathology
Morice, Sarah. "Rôle de la voie de signalisation Hippo dans le développement des ostéosarcomes." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT1037.
Full textOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in children and adolescents for whom the prognosis remains poor, especially when metastases are present at diagnosis. Transcriptomic analyses of biopsies from OS patients reveal the presence of an Hippo signalling pathway gene signature in the OS. Its main effector, YAP, is known for its oncogenic role in a number of cancers. In order to study its role in the development of OS, we developed a molecular approach by overexpressing YAP that could or not interact with its transcription factor TEAD. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed the crucial role of TEAD in cell proliferation and tumor growth mediated by YAP. In addition, we showed that overexpression of YAP increases cell migration in vitro and metastatic dissemination in vivo, regardless of its interaction with TEAD. Transcriptomic analysis showed a genes enrichment related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell migration and TGF-β in cells overexpressing YAP, regardless of its ability to interact with TEAD. PLA and immunoprecipitation experiments showed YAP/Smad3 interaction, the main effector of the TGF-β pathway. Using a specific inhibitor of TGF-β, SD-208, we demonstrated the essential role of TGF- β/Smads signalling in YAP-mediated metastatic dissemination. These results defined the specific role of TEAD and Smad3 in the tumor progression of OS, and identified YAP as a central actor in the development of OS. Thus, YAP could be a promising therapeutic target in OS
Ragot, Hélène. "Rôle de la voie de signalisation de Notch3 dans le myocarde adulte." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066323/document.
Full textNotch3, a receptor expressed in the smooth muscle cells (SMC), is involved in the maturation of resistance arteries. Notch3 knockout aggravates cardiac disorders induced by hypertension (HT), however mechanisms are unknown. My objectives were to determine the role of Notch3 signaling during cardiovascular remodeling induced by pressure or volume overload. First, we studied the Angiotensin II-induced HT consequences on two mouse models (1- congenital: Notch3 KO or 2- induced invalidation of Notch signaling in SMC via RBPJκ). We showed that Notch3-RBPJκ signaling is required for the maintenance of coronary structure in the adult. During HT, Notch3 signaling defect impaired the media hypertrophic response and the microvasculation leading oxidative stress and inflammation. Then we aimed to define the consequences of volume overload (moderate exercise training in males or pregnancy in female Notch3-/- mice). The Notch3-/- males doesn’t exhibit any signs of angiogenic responses in the microvascular compartment after 5 weeks of exercise training, however this protocol had positive effect on the basal hypertrophy. In parallel, female Notch3-/- mice exhibited the same arteriolar defect as males, without ventricular hypertrophy, suggesting a better adaptation. The post-partum hearts showed a microvascular adaptation in these mice. While cardiac status in post-partum is characterized by an anti-angiogenic environment leading to a physiological hypertrophy regression, these signaling pathways didn’t seem to be active in the Notch3-/- mice. These results showed that Notch3 signaling pathway was necessary to the adaptive coronary network response to pressure or volume overload
Dadone-Montaudié, Bérengère. "La voie de signalisation FGF/FGFR : nouvelle cible thérapeutique dans les liposarcomes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ6024.
Full textLiposarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in adults. Effective treatments for metastatic dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) patients are lacking. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the pan-FGFR inhibitor erdafitinib for these patients. We assessed FGFRs expression and their prognostic value in a series of 694 samples of well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS/DDLPS). We investigated the effect of erdafitinib -alone or in combination with other antagonists- on tumorigenicity was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. We detected overexpression of FGFR1 and/or FGFR4 in a subset of WDLPS/DDLPS and demonstrated correlation of this expression with poor prognosis. Erdafitinib treatment induced a decrease in cell viability, cell cycle arrest in G1, apoptosis and strong inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway. The association of erdafitinib with the PI3K/mTOR antagonist BEZ235 was not synergistic. Combining erdafitinib with the MDM2 antagonist RG7388 exerted a synergistic effect on viability, apoptosis and clonogenicity in three WDLPS/DDLPS cell lines. Efficacy of this combination was confirmed in vivo on DDLPS xenograft. Importantly, we report the efficacy of erdafitinib in one patient with metastatic DDLPS refractory to four prior lines of treatment showing disease stabilization for 12 weeks.In conclusions, we provided evidence that the FGFR pathway had therapeutic potential for a subset of DDLPS and that FGFR1 and FGFR4 expression might constitute a powerful biomarker to select patients for FGFR inhibitor clinical trials. In addition, we showed that combining erdafitinib with RG7388 is a promising strategy for patients with DDLPS that deserves further investigation in the clinical setting
Jabrani, Amira. "Régulation de la voie Hedgehog : Étude structurale et fonctionnelle de protéines de signalisation." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00737495.
Full textBernard, Florent. "La voie de signalisation activée par les acides aminés extracellulaires chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211613.
Full textSèdes, Lauriane. "Voie de signalisation et gènes cibles de l'AMH dans le tractus génital femelle." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00989662.
Full textJouannet, Stéphanie. "Compartimentation membranaire d’ADAM10 par les tétraspanines : conséquences pour la voie de signalisation NOTCH." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T066/document.
Full textIt is now recognized that the lateral segregation of components of the plasma membrane or membrane compartmentalization, play an important role in the regulation of many membrane proteins functions. Tetraspanins are a family of integral membrane proteins with four transmembrane domains with a unique ability to associate with one another and with many other surface molecules to organize a molecular interactions network, the “tetraspanins web”. It was suggested that via the organization of this network, the tetraspanin play a role in membrane compartmentalization of proteins to which they associate. Tetraspanins also play a role in cellular compartmentalization by controlling the trafficking of some associated proteins. In the lab, it has been shown that six conserved tetraspanin (Tspan5, 10, 14, 15, 17 et 33) of the TspanC8 subgroup (characterized by the presence of eight cysteines in the large extracellular domain) interact directly with the metalloproteinase ADAM10 et mediates its exit from the endoplasmic reticulum. This membrane-Anchored metalloprotease mediated ectodomain shedding of various integral molecules and is essential for Notch signaling pathway activation. We demonstrate that both Tspan5 and Tspan14 are positive regulators of Notch signaling pathway, whereas Tspan15 appears as negative regulator, acting in upstream γ-Secretase. This downregulation is associated with a modification of membrane environment as well as different dynamics of ADAM10, as shown by monitoring of protease using single molecule tracking. Furthermore, quantitative mass spectrometry analysis revealed that ADAM10 ability to associate with known components of “tetraspanin web” was influenced by its interaction with these tetraspanins. Finally, we have identified a CD9 enriched cell area which also contained ADAM10 when Tspan5 is expressed but not with Tspan15.This study demonstrates that different TspanC8 influence differently the ADAM10 ability to cleave some of its substrates and illustrate the ability of tetraspanins to regulate the activity of their proteins partners by controlling their membrane compartmentalization
Sèdes, Lauriane. "Voie de signalisation et gènes cibles de l’AMH dans le tractus génital femelle." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T014/document.
Full textAnti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a member of the TGF-ß superfamily. AMH is well known for its role in Müllerian duct regression in male fetuses. Postnatally, AMH is secreted by granulosa cells (GCs) of small growing follicles (preantral and small antral). However, despite the increasing interest of ovarian AMH in clinics, little is known on its mechanism of action and its role in female reproductive tract. My PhD project focuses on the identification of AMH function in the female reproductive tract.AMH signals through a type II transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptor (AMHR-II) which forms a complex with a type I serine/threonine kinase receptor (ActR-IA, BMPR-IA, BMPR-IB). The type II receptor phosphorylates serine and threonine residues of type I receptor. Once activated, the type I receptor phosphorylates the receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smad1/5/8) which interact with a common partner Smad4. The Smad complex accumulates into the nucleus and regulates target gene expression. This canonical signalling pathway is regulated at different levels, in particular by co-receptors which amplify or antagonize TGF-ß family members action. The type I receptors and R-Smads involved in AMH effects on post-natal GCs remain unknown. In addition, to date, no co-receptor has been found for AMH. To define the involvement of the different type I receptors, we used siRNA technology to inactivate Acvr1, Bmpr1a and Bmpr1b in GC. In parallele, we analysed GC extracted from conditional mutant mice for Acvr1 and Bmpr1a. We found that BMPR-IA is the most important type I receptor for AMH to transduce its signal in GC. A Smad-Gal4/UAS-luciferase reporter gene technology allowed us to show that Smad1 and 5 are involved in AMH signaling pathway. Recently, new BMPs coreceptors were found, RGMs for Repulsive Guidance Molecules. There are three RGMs : RGMa, b and c. Because AMH shares with BMPs its type I receptors and R-Smad proteins, we hypothesized that they also share the same co-receptors, the RGM. We showed that RGMb was the only one expressed in GC and after siRNA transfection we demonstrated that this coreceptor is not essential for AMH to transduce its signal.To date, only few AMH target genes have been identified. Aromatase (Cyp19a1) and LH receptor (Lhcgr) are down-regulated by AMH in rat and porcine GCs. We used micro-array technology (Affymetrix) by comparing Wt and knockout immature ovaries to find new AMH target genes. This experiment evidenced that Ovgp1 and Kcnj2 are two new potential AMH target genes in the ovary.The last part of my project was to define a potential role of AMH in murine uterus. Only one study showed that AMHR-II is expressed in the mouse myometrium. We showed that Amh gene is slightly expressed in uterus but the results are not confirmed at the protein level. Using PCR-array, we found a lot of differentially expressed genes between Wt and Amh KO uterus. Therefore, AMH could regulate uterine function through the modulation of different genes located in the myometrium
Wang, Hui. "Implication de la voie de signalisation Bmp au cours de la myogenèse fœtale." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066346.
Full textHercor, Mélanie. "Régulation des réponses immunes humorales par la voie de signalisation IL-6 / STAT3." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/222305/4/TheseMH.pdf.
Full textOption Biologie moléculaire du Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Jarriault, Sophie. "Analyse structurale et fonctionnelle de la voie de signalisation notch chez les vertebres." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066525.
Full textLandraud, Patricia. "Étude de la voie de signalisation pH chez le champignon phytopathogène Magnaporthe grisea." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10099.
Full textPerception of external environment is important for successful infection of plants by fungi. In these organisms, the information about extracellular pH is provided to the cell by a conserved signalling pathway that involves seven proteins. Among these proteins, the transmembrane protein PalH is the putative receptor which would initiate the pH response. The transcription factor PacC, existing in an inactive form in the fungus cell cytoplasm, is activated through proteolysis in response to the pathway activation, and migrates into the nucleus where it activates the « alkaline » genes transcription and represses that of the « acidic » genes. In Magnaporthe grisea , an ascomycete responsible for the main rice disease, the role of this pathway is still unknown. In this work, the PACC and PALH genes have been identified. In order to analyse the role of the two corresponding proteins PacC et PalH, the deletion of these two genes has then been performed. Several phenotypes were studied in the two mutant strains, including growth rate, conidiation and ability to infect host plants. This enabled the investigation of the involvement of the pH signalling pathway in the M. grisea development cycle. Furthermore, a gene expression profiling analysis of the ΔpacC mutant has been undertaken and revealed the multiple cellular responses to pH changes. Taken all together, the results collected in this work indicate that the pH signalling pathway is important for M. grisea's adaptation to an alkaline environment and that it plays a significant role in the fungus pathogenicity
Tartarin, Pauline. "Rôle de la voie de signalisation AMPK/mTOR dans la fonction de reproduction." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4009/document.
Full textIn mammals, the energy metabolism exerts a strong influence on fertility. In females as in males, either a drop or an excess of the nutritional supplies induce modulations of the hormonal synthesis as well as viable gametes production. Our objective was 1) to define the role of AMPK, the AMP-activated protein kinase, a cell sensor of the energy reserves, in male reproduction; 2) to study the involvement of mTORC1, the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1, another indicator of metabolism, in the cells of the central nervous system that regulate fertility. We have shown a decrease of fertility, linked to a testicular hyperandrogenia and dysfunctional spermatozoa in α1AMPK deficient mice. Moreover, in utero exposure to an AMPK activator, the metformin, induced a decrease in testicular volume and testosterone concentration (17dpc). Finally, inactivation of mTORC1 by interferent RNA in the adjacents cells of the hypothalamus tends to increase litter size, linked to a rise of FSH and the terminal folliculogenesis. In conclusion, this study confirms the role of these two complexes, energetic sensors, on the functionality of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis
Ouarné, Marie. "ALK1 : une nouvelle voie de signalisation dans le développement vasculaire physiologique et tumoral." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV052/document.
Full textALK1 (Actlivin receptor-Like Kinase 1) is a receptor specifically expressed at the surface of endothelial cells. BMP9 (Bone Morphogenic Protein) and BMP10 are the high affinity ligands of ALK1. This pathway has been proved to play important roles in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis which are critical processes in development as well as in cancer. Thus, the purpose of my PhD was to characterize BMP9 and BMP10 functions in physiological and tumoral vascular development using mice invalidated for those proteins.We show that BMP9 and BMP10 are essentials to ductus arteriosus closure, a shunt allowing blood to avoid inoperative foetal lungs. Its closure is mandatory to survival after birth. Loss of BMP9 and BMP10 leads to ductus arteriosus reopening in mice pups due to remodeling issues. In human, a critical region including Bmp10 was correlated to patent ductus arteriosus.Clinical trials targeting ALK1 in cancer treatment are in progress due to its involvment in angiogenesis. However, little is known about the specific roles of BMP9, BMP10 and ALK1 in carcinogenesis. We show that BMP10 is not involved in mammary cancer development while BMP9 acts as a quiescent and maturation factor in tumoral angiogenesis. Thus, it may be more interesting to target only BMP9 instead of ALK1 to avoid interferences with BMP10 physiological functions
Makamté, Kemdib Staëlle Sonia. "Etudes des protéines Patched et SUFU impliquées dans la voie de signalisation Hedgehog." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC102/document.
Full textThe hedgehog (HH) signalling pathway is involved in the segmentary polarity formation. A dysfunction of this pathway is involved in several malformations. Many cancers are caused by an overactivation of this pathway. The HH signalling pathway is activated by the binding of HH on the receptor Patched (hPtc) and included many cytoplasmic partners such as Suppressor of Fused (SUFU). Few molecular and structural data are available on this pathway even if these data are important to fully understand the pathway functioning. Furthermore, the HH signalling pathway maybe be the target of chemotherapy treatments. However, hPtc is involved in drugs efflux. Inhibition of hPtc by the binding of its ligand HH may lead to this efflux inhibition. Yet, the binding site of HH on its receptor hPtc is not yet determined.During this thesis, the structural study of hPtc have been engaged especially the study of the binding site of HH. On the second hand, I have structurally studied some SUFU proteins.First of all, I have expressed the extracellular domains of hPtc. These domains have been described as necessary for HH binding. I have cloned a chimeric protein made by the extracellular domains of hPtc associated with the lysozyme T4 (hPtcD1D2). This protein have been expressed in the E.Coli bacteria. The protein expressed in inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of the bacteria. In the other hand, I have cloned the protein in a yeast expression vector. Part of this, I have also expressed the protein hPtc without its N and C terminus regions (hPtcNC). These regions are intrinsically disrupted. They may lead to crystallization problems. The protein has been expressed in yeast.This work permits to expressed hPtcD1D2 and hPtcΛNΛC. This will lead to the expression of the protein and its crystallisation in order to determine its 3D structure and to characterize its ligand binding site.Finally, I structurally studied the protein SUFU. A novel Zn binding site has been characterized. In fact, after the protein purification, I have made affinity measures using a colorimetric compound, PAR. I also performed spectroscopic experiments in which I varied the pH and the Zn concentration. I determined the SUFU has a nanomolar affinity for the Zn best at pH 8 than pH 6.5. Indeed, the Zn binding site may be basic.The SUFU 3D structure has been published in 2013 by two teams. Inspired by their crystallization conditions, I crystallized SUFU with Zn. Circular dichroism experiments permitted to know that the proteins are organized in helices and sheets. Moreover, small angles X ray spectroscopy experiments show that dSUFU, hSUFU and zSUFU did not have the same conformation in solution. Drosophila SUFU is globular and human and zebrafish SUFU are long and dimeric. The N-terminal region involved in hSUFU has been removed and hSUFUΛ30 is present in different oligomerization forms
Ayers, Katie Louise. "Étude de la régulation de la voie de signalisation Hedgehog chez Drosophila melanogaster." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4052.
Full textThe Hedgehog (Hh) family of morphogens control cellular proliferation and tissue patterning during organogenesis, in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Deregulation of the Hh morphogen or its signalling pathway can lead to devastating developmental defects, and inappropriate Hh pathway signalling has been implicated in the cause and maintenance of numerous cancers. My thesis has aimed to address several key questions remaining concerning Hh morphogen spreading, reception and signalling, using Drosophila melanogaster, particularly the wing imaginal disc, as a model system. The Hh ligand is secreted from a subset of cell, and spreads to surrounding tissue to turn on its signalling pathway, eliciting a cellular response in a gradient dependant manner. The exact mechanism of Hh spreading through the extracellular matrix has not been apparent. To address this, we have closely monitored the endogenous Hh gradient in the wing imaginal disc. We describe two different Hh gradients, one which is presented at the baso-lateral cell pole and appears to spread short-range, the second which is apical and represents a long range gradient. By augmenting or reducing the levels of Hh presented apically in secreting cells, we have been able to modify this long range gradient, indicating that apically released Hh forms the biologically active gradient. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the extracellular matrix protein, Dally, regulates apical levels of Hh, and that its release, perhaps by the hydrolase Notum, promotes Hh spreading through the apical plane. These data have filled an important gap in understanding how Hh forms its morphogen gradient. The second part of my thesis has been directed at understanding Hh signalling in the Hh receiving cells. Previous data has suggested a role for the glypican Dally, and hydrolase Notum. Thus, we have characterised the role of these proteins, establishing that they are involved in the activation of high level targets of Hh, but are dispensable for low level signalling. Furthermore, Dally appears to be internalised in a Ptc dependant manner, and regulation by Notum appears to promote this internalisation with Ptc and Hh, thus increasing signalling. We suggest that Dally and Notum play an important role in high level signalling response of Hh receiving cells. In the absence of Hh, the Hh-receptor Patched (Ptc) represses the protein Smoothened (Smo), and turns off all pathway signalling. The exact mechanism of Ptc repression of Smo is still unclear. We have identified a novel pathway protein, Tow (Target of Wingless). On closer inspection, we have found that Tow represses the Hh pathway upstream or at the level of Smo, but downstream of Ptc, thus representing an interesting link between these two proteins. We show that Tow represents the Drosophila member of a previously uncharacterised protein family, and is a novel repressor of the Hh pathway
Chevalier, Elodie. "Place de la signalisation Hippo dans l'histoire naturelle du Mésothéliome Pleural Malin (MPM) : dissection de ses rôles dans les lignées mésothéliales pleurales humaines et application à la caractérisation moléculaire des 448 patients atteints de MPM inclus dans l'essai clinique de phase 3 "MAPS"." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC405/document.
Full textMalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare, very aggressive, primary tumor with a poor prognosis. During this thesis, we wanted to identify new biomarkers of MPM by testing the influence of the RASSF/Hippo pathway inactivation on the survival of the 448 patients included in the clinical trial MAPS (IFCT- GFPC-0701). We also wanted to understand which functions and signals essential to cellular homeostasis, linked to RASSF/Hippo signaling pathway, are disturbed during the mesothelial cell transformation process. Inactivation of RASSF/Hippo members was studied by methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR) and their influence on the survival of the 448 patients included in the MAPS clinical trial tested in uni- and multivariate analysis before being validated by bootstrap. We also mimed in cell, by RNA interference, several members of the Hippo pathway inactivation in human mesothelial cells lines (MSTO-211H, H2452, H28 and H2052). We have identified several biomarkers of MPM: i) MST1 kinase whose inactivation is a factor of poor prognosis, ii) amphiregulin whose cytoplasmic expression is on the contrary a factor of good prognosis and finally iii) CD44 whose high expression is a diagnostic tool for MPM. In cell we demonstrate that RASSF/Hippo pathway alterations induce an inappropriate activity of YAP, one Hippo end effector: the poorer prognosis of patients with inactivation of MST1 is thus explained by the fact that, by regulating YAP activity, MST1 controls the apoptosis/proliferation balance and prevents invasion and growth without adhesion from mesothelial cells. In its absence, these cellular processes are deregulated. This work finally demonstrates the importance of the CD44/RASSF1A/MST1 axis in controlling appropriate YAP activity and mesothelial cell homeostasis. The understanding of the cellular disorders induced by the of the RASSF/Hippo pathway deregulation designates YAP as a potential therapeutic target in patients with MPM and presenting alterations of this signaling pathway
Chautard, Emmanuel. "Rôle de la voie de signalisation Interleukine-6 dans la radiorésistance des glioblastomes humains." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00726307.
Full textPaulin, Roxane. "Implication de la voie de signalisation Src/Stat3 dans l'étiologie de l'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28720/28720.pdf.
Full textPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an obstructive vasculopathy characterized by distal pulmonary arteries lumen obliteration and increased vascular resistances, leading to a rise in pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and a compensatory right ventricular hypertrophy. Currently available therapies do not permit to reverse the established process and when the hypertrophy become insufficient, the right ventricle dilates and fails. This phenomenon is due to enhanced proliferation, survival and motility of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), which acquire a pseudo malignant phenotype. Our group previously described that the transcription factor NFAT (Nuclear factor of activated T-cells) is involved in these cellular disorders by increasing intracellular calcium level and enhancing proliferation; and by hyperpolarizing the mitochondrial membrane potential and decreasing mitochondrial-dependant apoptosis. In the Chapter 2, we demonstrated for the first time in the pulmonary vasculature, that STAT3 (Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) regulates directly NFATc2 expression and indirectly NFATc2 activity via the oncoprotein serine/threonine kinase Pim1 (Provirus integration site for Murine Moloney leukemia virus). In vitro and in vivo Pim1 inhibition (in the monocrotaline rat model) is associated with decreased NFATc2 activity and reversion of the malignant phenotype. Moreover, Pim1 deficient mice are resistant to monocrotaline or hypoxia-induced PAH. Finally, we demonstrated that Pim1 expression correlates with disease progression both in animal and human model. Thus, we underlined Pim1 as a potent therapeutic target and an interesting diagnosis tool. In the chapter 3, we showed that the signaling hub c-Src (sarcoma Schmidt-Ruppin A-2 viral oncogene homolog)/FAK (Focal adhesion kinase) is implicated in the regulation of the PASMCs pseudo malignant phenotype, in part by activating STAT3. FAK inhibition in vitro decreases PASMCs proliferation, survival and motility. In vivo, FAK inhibition is associated with decreased PAP and decreased vascular remodeling, making FAK as an interesting therapeutic target. In the chapter 4, we suggest dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) as another therapeutical option. This natural hormone is known to be beneficial in PAH through their vasodilating properties. We showed here that by inhibiting STAT3 activation, DHEA also has anti-proliferating properties. Therefore, clinical use of DHEA for PAH can be promising. During my PhD studies, I showed the critical implication of the Src/FAK/STAT3/Pim1 in PAH pathogenesis. I contributed to increase the knowledge on PAH pathogenesis and suggested some therapeutical solutions that can be useful to improve patient outcome.
Rondet, Damien. "Caractérisation d'une nouvelle voie de signalisation impliquée dans la défense stomatique et applications agronomiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0083.
Full textPre-invasive or stomatal defense is a mechanism which consists of closing the stomata present at surface of aerial organs of plants when they are in contact with certain pathogens. This closure prevents them from entering and colonizing the host. This mechanism is activated in Arabidopsis inoculated by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) DC3000. Preliminary work by our group had shown that carbonylation of target proteins by reactive electrophile species (RES) was a crucial step of the cell signaling required to set up this defense. Through targeted tagging and purifications approaches coupled with tandem mass spectrometry identifications (nanoLC-MS/MS), we have been able to characterize a serine-threonine protein kinase that plays a crucial role in this defense mechanism. Indeed, plants mutated on the gene encoding this protein have lost their ability to trigger stomatal closure and to deploy the stomatal defense against the bacteria. In addition, the use of the click chemistry and notably, the copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition, in our tagging approaches has enabled us to identify a set of proteins that are most likely carbonylated and likely to play a significant role in these cell events that contribute to part of plant immunity. Finally, since RES are able to induce stomatal closure we sought to find out, in the context of establishing a proof-of-concept, whether their application to plants would enable them to be protected against the Pst
Barthélémy, Philippe. "Voie de signalisation des androgènes, altérations génomiques et progression du cancer de la prostate." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ022/document.
Full textThe androgen receptor signaling pathway (AR) remains a prime therapeutic target in prostate cancer (PCa). This work focused on three topics: 1) the identification of AR mutations and their functional impact, 2) the assessment of a link between the truncated AR, resulting from nonsense mutations and tumor angiogenesis and 3) an exploratory study of tumor heterogeneity in PCa. In the first part, we identified 90 AR mutations using a yeast-based functional assay and speculated about their involvement in potential mechanisms to hormone therapy (HT) resistance. In the second part we assessed a link between the truncated AR and the overexpression of VEGF-A, the main proangiogenic factor. In the last part we investigated the tumor heterogeneity within the primary tumor and metastasis using a whole exome sequencing approach. This work leads to a better knowledge of the AR signaling pathway alterations, their role in the key steps of tumor progression and the evolution of genomic abnormalities
Faresse, Nourdine. "Identification de PCTA, un nouvel effecteur de la voie de signalisation du TGF-beta." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066428.
Full textTriffaux, Emily. "Identification des canaux Cav1 impliqués dans la voie de signalisation calcique des lymphocytes Th2." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1959/.
Full textAsthma is an allergic pulmonary disease which affects around 10% of the population. Allergen-specific type 2 T helper lymphocytes Th2 have a crucial role in the asthma physiopathology by producing interleukin IL4,5,13. Previously, my team reported that mouse Th2 but not Th1 cells express voltage gated calcium CaV1 channels. CaV1 channel specific antisense oligonucleotide CaV1AS inhibit calcium response and Th2 cytokine production (IL4,5,13) upon TCR stimulation without any effect on Th1 cells in mice. In addition, CaV1AS prevent experimental allergic asthma. During my PhD, I showed the CaV1. 4 expression in human resting cells. Conversely, CaV1. 2 and CaV1. 3 predominated in Th2 cells and were lost in Th1 cells. CaV1 channel inhibitors, CaV1. 2 AS and CaVbAS decreased calcium signaling and cytokine production in Th2 but not in Th1 cells. Moreover, CaVbAS decrease the CaV1. 2 protein suggesting that CaVb is required for CaV1. 2 stability in Th2 cells. Finally selective PKCa/b inhibition decreased calcium response and cytokine production by Th2 but not Th1 cells suggesting that PKC may contribute to CaV1 regulation in Th2 cells. These results suggest that the inhibition of CaV1. 2 channels could be beneficial in allergic diseases while sparing Th1 cell responses
Zablocki, Laurent. "Identification de facteurs de régulation de la voie de signalisation TLR3 par crible génétique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS533.
Full textThe fight of the organism against pathogens involves the detection of molecular patterns that are conserved among pathogens. Among the arsenal of receptors capable of recognizing these patterns, there is the family of endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that are specific for nucleic acids. Among them, TLR3 senses the abnormal presence of double-stranded RNA in the endosomes and initiates a potent innate immune response. Nevertheless, mechanisms governing TLR3 regulation still remain poorly understood. To identify new molecular players involved in the TLR3 pathway, we performed a genome-wide screen using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology using reporter cells expressing GFP when stimulated via TLR3. Mutagenesis was achieved by transducing these cells with the lentiviral GeCKO v2 sgRNA library. Cells were then subjected to sequential rounds of stimulation with poly(I:C) and sorting of the GFP- cells. Enrichments in sgRNA estimated by deep-sequencing identified genes required for TLR3-induced activation of NF-κB. Five genes, including TLR3 itself and the chaperone UNC93B1, known to be critically involved in the TLR3 pathway, were identified by the screen, thus validating our strategy. We further studied the best 40 hits. Among the hits confirmed, we focused on AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor). Depletion of AhR had a dual effect on the TLR3 response, abrogating the IL-8 production and enhancing the IP-10 release. Interestingly, in primary human macrophages exposed to poly(I:C), AhR activation enhanced IL-8 and inhibited the IP-10 one. Overall, AhR appears able to modulate the TLR3 response
Bernet, Agathe, and Agathe Bernet. "Caractérisation et rôle des cils primaires de l'épididyme dans la voie de signalisation Hedgehog." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31455.
Full textLes cils primaires (CP) sont des antennes de signalisation présentes en un seul exemplaire à la surface de la plupart des cellules. Ils jouent un rôle de mécano/chimio-senseur pour le développement et le maintien de l’homéostasie des tissus, en réponse aux stimuli et à la voie de signalisation Hedgehog (Hh). En 2013, l’ultrastructure des CP a été mise en évidence au niveau de l’épithélium épididymaire d’équidés. L’épididyme, organe du système reproducteur masculin, est composé d’un épithélium pseudo-stratifié qui se différencie au cours du développement postnatal jusqu’à la maturité sexuelle. Les principaux types cellulaires qui composent cet organe au stade adulte, assurent des rôles distincts et bien orchestrés afin de contrôler la composition du micro environnement spermatique. Bien que la mutation de gènes codants pour les constituants majeurs des CP entraine une infertilité masculine, peu de choses sont connues concernant leur rôle au niveau du système reproducteur. Nous émettons donc l’hypothèse que les CP de l’épididyme joueraient un rôle dans le contrôle des fonctions épididymaires. Nos objectifs se définissent en deux points 1) la caractérisation spatiotemporelle de cette organelle le long de l’épididyme, 2) l’étude fonctionnelle des CP de l’épididyme dans la voie de signalisation Hh. Grâce à une souris double transgénique Ar13b/mCherry- EGFP/CETN2, nous avons révélé une évolution spatio-temporelle des CP au cours du développement postnatal. En effet, à la naissance, les CP sont localisés au pôle apical des cellules épithéliales alors que chez l’adulte, les CP sont exclusivement associés aux cellules basales cytokératine-V positives. De plus, par une approche pharmacologique nous avons évalué l’implication des CP de l’épididyme murin dans la voie de signalisation Hh. Bien que les fonctions des CP, au niveau de l’épididyme, restent à déterminer, notre étude préliminaire ouvre la porte à une meilleure compréhension du contrôle et maintien des fonctions épididymaires et de la fertilité masculine.
Primary cilia (PC) are signaling antennas present in a single copy on the surface of most cells. They play a mechano / chemo-sensory role for the development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis, in response to extracellular stimuli. In 2013, the ultrastructure of PC was demonstrated in equine epididymal epithelium. The epididymis, an organ of the male reproductive system, is composed of a pseudo-stratified epithelium that differentiates during postnatal development until puberty. The different cell types populating this epithelium control discrete and well-orchestrated role in order to monitor the composition of the spermatic microenvironment. Although the mutation of genes coding for the major constituents of PC leads to male infertility, little is known regarding their role in the male reproductive system. Our hypothesis is that PC play a role in the control of the functions important to epididymis development and homeostasis. Our objectives are defined in two points: 1) to define the spatio-temporal localization of this organelle along the epididymis, and 2) to determine the function of PC in the transduction of the Hh signaling pathway, which is known to be important for proper sperm maturation. Using an Arl13b / mCherry- Cetn2 / GFP transgenic mouse model, we revealed for the first time a spatio-temporal change of PC cell-specificity during epididymis postnatal development, from birth to adulthood. After birth, PC are localized at the apical pole of undifferentiated cells whereas in the adult, elongated PC are exclusively associated with cytokeratin-V positive basal cells. In addition, we evaluated the involvement of epididymal PC in the transduction of the Hh signaling pathway through a pharmacological approach. Although the functions of PC in the epididymis remains to be determined, our preliminary in vitro studies open the door to a better understanding of the control and maintenance of epididymal functions and male fertility.
Primary cilia (PC) are signaling antennas present in a single copy on the surface of most cells. They play a mechano / chemo-sensory role for the development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis, in response to extracellular stimuli. In 2013, the ultrastructure of PC was demonstrated in equine epididymal epithelium. The epididymis, an organ of the male reproductive system, is composed of a pseudo-stratified epithelium that differentiates during postnatal development until puberty. The different cell types populating this epithelium control discrete and well-orchestrated role in order to monitor the composition of the spermatic microenvironment. Although the mutation of genes coding for the major constituents of PC leads to male infertility, little is known regarding their role in the male reproductive system. Our hypothesis is that PC play a role in the control of the functions important to epididymis development and homeostasis. Our objectives are defined in two points: 1) to define the spatio-temporal localization of this organelle along the epididymis, and 2) to determine the function of PC in the transduction of the Hh signaling pathway, which is known to be important for proper sperm maturation. Using an Arl13b / mCherry- Cetn2 / GFP transgenic mouse model, we revealed for the first time a spatio-temporal change of PC cell-specificity during epididymis postnatal development, from birth to adulthood. After birth, PC are localized at the apical pole of undifferentiated cells whereas in the adult, elongated PC are exclusively associated with cytokeratin-V positive basal cells. In addition, we evaluated the involvement of epididymal PC in the transduction of the Hh signaling pathway through a pharmacological approach. Although the functions of PC in the epididymis remains to be determined, our preliminary in vitro studies open the door to a better understanding of the control and maintenance of epididymal functions and male fertility.
Perroy, Julie. "Le récepteur métabotropique du glutamate mGlu7 : voie de signalisation et fonction dans les neurones." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20095.
Full textLeroy, Ingrid. "Nouveaux mécanismes d'induction et de régulation de la voie de signalisation apoptotique CD95/FAS." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30136.
Full textFas / CD95 apoptotic pathway is implicated in various physiological as well as pathological phenomenon. Ligation of CD95 with Fas ligand (FasL) induces DISC (Death Inducing Signaling Complex) formation with recruitment of FADD and caspase 8 and then a degradation of cell components leading to apoptosis. In our work, we studied new mechanisms of regulation and induction of this apoptotic pathway. First, we showed that protein kinase C z is a new DISC member which regulates caspase 8 activation. In a second part, we evaluated the role of Latent Membrane Protein 1 of Epstein-Barr virus on Fas death pathway: our results indicate that this viral protein can facilitate Fas apoptotic pathway. This is independent of LMP1 polymorphism and is inversely correlated to LMP1 expression level. Finally, we showed that Mithramycin A can induce Fas death pathway, independently of FasL. All these results could contribute to a better understanding of Fas apoptotic pathway
Samba, Louaka Ascel Régis. "Détermination de la voie de signalisation cellulaire eucaryote détournée par la protéine bactérienne Cif." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/614/.
Full textThe cycle inhibiting factor (Cif) belongs to a family of bacterial toxins, the cyclomodulins, that deregulate the host cell cycle. Upon injection into the host cell by pathogenic Escherichia coli, Cif inhibits G2/M transition via sustained inhibition of the mitosis inducer CDK1. I show that Cif induces not only G2 but also G1 cell cycle arrest depending on the stage of cells in the cell cycle during the infection. Those arrests were associated with stabilization of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21waf1 and p27kip1. CDKs complexes promote of the cell cycle transitions at both G1/S and G2/M. We recently demonstrated that functional Cif homologs are present in human pathogenic bacterial strains such as Burkholderia pseudomallei, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Photorhabdus asymbiotica and in symbiotic (for nematode) pathogenic (for insect) bacteria Photorhabdus luminescens. Those proteins, that share similar structures and catalytic sites, belong to the superfamily of enzymes including cystein proteases and acetyltransferases. Although the link between the activity and the cell cycle arrest remain to established, Cif proteins form a growing family of cyclomodulins that interact with very distinct hosts including insects, nematodes and humans. .
Remaud, Sylvie. "Liens entre la voie de signalisation Notch et le cycle cellulaire chez la drosophile." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066361.
Full textLecourtois, Magalie. "Analyse moleculaire de la voie de signalisation du recepteur transmembranaire notch chez drosophila melanogaster." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112159.
Full textGrandbarbe, Luc. "Rôle de la voie de signalisation Notch dans la différenciation des cellules souches neurales." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13050.
Full textThe central nervous system comprises three major cell types: neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. All these cell-types derive from a common multipotential precursor cell, capable of self-renewing, and which is referred to as a neural stem cell. To elucidate the role of Notch signaling on the generation of neurons and glia, we made use of the in vitro neurosphère system which is clonally derived from neural stem cells through the selective action of EGF. Neurospheres prepared from Dll1lacZ mutant embryos display an increase of neurons at the expense of both oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. This mutant phenotype could be rescued when Dll1lacZ spheres were grown and/or differentiated in the presence of WT neurospheres conditioned medium. Time-dependant activation of Notch by soluble forms of ligands indicates that Notch acts in two steps. Initially, it acts on the cell fate choice by negatively regulating the neuronal fate and promoting the glial cell fate. In a second step, Notch promotes differentiation of astrocytes and inhibits differentiation of both neurons and oligodendrocytes