Academic literature on the topic 'Voice Behaviour'
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Journal articles on the topic "Voice Behaviour"
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Knight, Sarah, Nadine Lavan, Ilaria Torre, and Carolyn McGettigan. "The influence of perceived vocal traits on trusting behaviours in an economic game." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 74, no. 10 (April 17, 2021): 1747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17470218211010144.
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When presented with voices, we make rapid, automatic judgements of social traits such as trustworthiness—and such judgements are highly consistent across listeners. However, it remains unclear whether voice-based first impressions actually influence behaviour towards a voice’s owner, and—if they do—whether and how they interact over time with the voice owner’s observed actions to further influence the listener’s behaviour. This study used an investment game paradigm to investigate (1) whether voices judged to differ in relevant social traits accrued different levels of investment and/or (2) whether first impressions of the voices interacted with the behaviour of their apparent owners to influence investments over time. Results show that participants were responding to their partner’s behaviour. Crucially, however, there were no effects of voice. These findings suggest that, at least under some conditions, social traits perceived from the voice alone may not influence trusting behaviours in the context of a virtual interaction.
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Peters, E. R., S. L. Williams, M. A. Cooke, and E. Kuipers. "It's not what you hear, it's the way you think about it: appraisals as determinants of affect and behaviour in voice hearers." Psychological Medicine 42, no. 7 (November 25, 2011): 1507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711002650.
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BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that beliefs about voices mediate the relationship between actual voice experience and behavioural and affective response.MethodWe investigated beliefs about voice power (omnipotence), voice intent (malevolence/benevolence) and emotional and behavioural response (resistance/engagement) using the Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire – Revised (BAVQ-R) in 46 voice hearers. Distress was assessed using a wide range of measures: voice-related distress, depression, anxiety, self-esteem and suicidal ideation. Voice topography was assessed using measures of voice severity, frequency and intensity. We predicted that beliefs about voices would show a stronger association with distress than voice topography.ResultsOmnipotence had the strongest associations with all measures of distress included in the study whereas malevolence was related to resistance, and benevolence to engagement. As predicted, voice severity, frequency and intensity were not related to distress once beliefs were accounted for.ConclusionsThese results concur with previous findings that beliefs about voice power are key determinants of distress in voice hearers, and should be targeted specifically in psychological interventions.
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Telesca, Luciano, and Michele Lovallo. "Revealing competitive behaviours in music by means of the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis: application to Bach's Sinfonias." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 467, no. 2134 (June 15, 2011): 3022–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2011.0118.
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The one-, two- and three-dimensional multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) was applied to Bach's Sinfonias, which are characterized by the superposition of three different voices. Each voice, represented as a time series, can be considered as a component of a one-, two- or three-dimensional vector. The one-dimensional MF-DFA was applied to any single voice, while the two- and three-dimensional MF-DFA was applied to the couples of voices and to the triple, respectively. Each voice is characterized by a multifractal degree (MD), indicated by the range of the generalized Hurst exponents; the higher the MD, the larger the amount of heterogeneity and irregularity. Competitive scaling multifractal behaviours in Bach's Sinfonias were revealed; although one (or two) voices showed a relatively high MD, the other two voices, or voice, are characterized by a low MD. Nevertheless, the overall effect of the Sinfonia, measured by the MD of the triple, tends towards homogeneity, or at least to an average between the different competitive scaling behaviour shown by the different voices.
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Rosen, Julia. "Human behaviour: Find your voice." Nature 540, no. 7631 (November 30, 2016): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nj7631-157a.
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Edakkat Subhakaran, Sriji, and Lata Dyaram. "Individual disposition and manager behaviour on employee upward voice." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 26, no. 5 (November 5, 2018): 875–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-12-2017-1315.
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PurposeThis paper aims to model how an employee’s proactive personality and manager’s pro-voice behaviour help to predict employee upward voice. Employee perceived voice efficacy is expected to mediate these links.Design/methodology/approachTo analyse the data, a confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling procedure using AMOS 22 were used. The mediating role of voice efficacy was tested with bootstrapping method. Data included 625 employees representing various technology firms in India.FindingsThe results showed a significant positive impact of employee proactive personality and manager pro-voice behaviour on employee upward voice. Further, findings suggest significant mediation of employee voice efficacy beliefs in these links.Originality/valueThe study extends employee voice literature from an Indian context, where confronting those in authority is culturally discouraged. Contributing to the scant work on voice self-efficacy, its role as a key mechanism impacting employee upward voice is examined.
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Pisanski, Katarzyna, Anna Oleszkiewicz, Justyna Plachetka, Marzena Gmiterek, and David Reby. "Voice pitch modulation in human mate choice." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1893 (December 19, 2018): 20181634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1634.
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Inter-individual differences in human fundamental frequency ( F 0, perceived as voice pitch) predict mate quality and reproductive success, and affect listeners' social attributions. Although humans can readily and volitionally manipulate their vocal apparatus and resultant voice pitch, for instance, in the production of speech sounds and singing, little is known about whether humans exploit this capacity to adjust the non-verbal dimensions of their voices during social (including sexual) interactions. Here, we recorded full-length conversations of 30 adult men and women taking part in real speed-dating events and tested whether their voice pitch (mean, range and variability) changed with their personal mate choice preferences and the overall desirability of each dating partner. Within-individual analyses indicated that men lowered the minimum pitch of their voices when interacting with women who were overall highly desired by other men. Men also lowered their mean voice pitch on dates with women they selected as potential mates, particularly those who indicated a mutual preference (matches). Interestingly, although women spoke with a higher and more variable voice pitch towards men they selected as potential mates, women lowered both voice pitch parameters towards men who were most desired by other women and whom they also personally preferred. Between-individual analyses indicated that men in turn preferred women with lower-pitched voices, wherein women's minimum voice pitch explained up to 55% of the variance in men's mate preferences. These results, derived in an ecologically valid setting, show that individual- and group-level mate preferences can interact to affect vocal behaviour, and support the hypothesis that human voice modulation functions in non-verbal communication to elicit favourable judgements and behaviours from others, including potential mates.
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Kok, Sabahat Bayrak, Mehtap Sarikaya, and Hatice Coban. "Organizational Voice Behaviour and its Investigation in Terms of Organizational Variables." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 35 (December 31, 2016): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n35p16.
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Organizational voice described as employees’ attitude of expressing their opinions to influence organizational activities reluctantly has three varieties of “acquiescent voice” including acquiescence behaviour relying on submission; “defensive voice” including self-defence behaviour because of a certain fear; and “prosocial voice” behaviour toward others relying on cooperation; and these varieties differentiate according to the motives underneath of organizational voice. In the present study, it was investigated whether organizational voice behaviour and varieties of organizational voice behaviour significant origin of organizational change and development exhibit significant difference according to the demographical variables, or not. To that end, a survey study was conducted on the white-collar employees of the Denizli City companies ranked in the ISO 500 list. In the analysis of data collected from 202 white-collar employees, T-Test and ANOVA methods were employed. As a result of these analyses, it was revealed that organizational voice behaviour varieties displayed by employees were not significantly correlated with any demographical variable statistically.
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Escher, Sandra, Marius Romme, Alex Buiks, PHILIPPE DELESPAUL, and Jim Van Os. "Independent course of childhood auditory hallucinations: A sequential 3-year follow-up study." British Journal of Psychiatry 181, S43 (September 2002): s10—s18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.181.43.s10.
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BackgroundChildhood hallucinations of voices occur in a variety of contexts and have variable long-term outcomes.AimTo study the course of experience of voices sequentially over a 3-year period in those with and those without a need for mental health care (patient status).MethodIn a group of 80 children of mean age 12.9 years (s.d.=3.1), of which around 50% were not receiving mental health care, baseline measurement of voice characteristics, voice attributions, psychopathology, stressful life events, coping mechanisms and receipt of professional care were used to predict 3-year course and patient status.ResultsThe rate of voice discontinuation over the 3-year period was 60%. Patient status was associated with more perceived influence on behaviour and feelings and more negative affective appraisals in relation to the voices. Predictors of persistence of voices were severity and frequency of the voices, associated anxiety/depression and lack of clear triggers in time and place.ConclusionsNeed for care in the context of experience of voices is associated with appraisal of the voices in terms of intrusiveness and ‘omnipotence’. Persistence of voices is related to voice appraisals, suggesting that experience of voices by children should be the target of specific interventions.
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Burton, Suzan, and Paul Nesbit. "Capturing experiences as they happen: diary data collection for social marketing." Journal of Social Marketing 5, no. 4 (October 12, 2015): 307–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-09-2014-0061.
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Purpose – This study aims to show how diary-style voice recordings can be used to provide social marketers with greater insights into the influences on behaviour than those obtained from interviews. Diary data have the potential to provide deeper insight into the causes of behaviour than can be obtained from retrospective interviews or surveys. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 31 smokers and attempting quitters exploring their attributions for smoking and cigarette purchase, using both face-to face interviews and event-contingent voice recordings over a four-day period, with participants asked to make a recording whenever they were tempted to smoke or buy cigarettes. Findings – Voice recordings provided additional insights into the influences on smoking and cigarette purchase compared to face-to-face interviews. In particular, voice recordings appeared to provide insight into prompts for purchase and smoking that were not recalled during interviews, and, for some respondents, gave them greater control over unwanted behaviour. Research limitations/implications – The study relies on participants’ self-reports, and individuals may be unaware of some of the influences on their behaviour. Practical implications – The study shows that voice-recordings offer a novel method of obtaining insight into subtle influences on consumer behaviour that are insufficiently salient to be recalled in retrospective interviews. Originality/value – The study shows the value of voice recordings for providing near-real-time insights into triggers for different behaviours, and offers potential for extending the method into other areas of social marketing.
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Zia-ur Rehman, Muhammad, Atiqa Shahbaz, and Noor Hassan. "Due Economy is Based on Authenticity? Authentic Leader’s Personality and Employees’ Voice Behaviour." Global Economics Review III, no. II (December 30, 2018): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2018(iii-ii).05.
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The study examines the impact of authentic leader’s personality on employee voice behavior through a quantitative study. The results, from a sample of 200 subordinate–supervisor dyads from a healthcare organization in Pakistan, provide evidence of a positive relationship for leader authentic personality with direct reports’ ratings of the leaders’ authentic leadership. In addition, authentic leadership was found to influence subordinates’ voice behavior, as rated by subordinates’ immediate supervisors; notably, this relationship was partially mediated by the subordinates’ perceptions of OBSE. Furthermore, leader authentic personality was indirectly related to subordinates’ voice behaviour through the mediating influence of authentic leadership and, in turn, subordinates’ perceptions of Organization-based selfesteem. The findings of this study will make management understand the linkage of an authentic leader’s personality and employee voice behavior.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Voice Behaviour"
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David, Yigal. "Consumer behaviour in voice based interactions." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2015. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/17321/.
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The following technological trends have occurred in parallel and together positioned and enabled the execution of my research: (a) The field of consumer behaviour that focuses on intuitive judgment and perception biases has developed significantly in recent years, (b) Speech and voice technologies have reached a commercial stage, and (c) The Big Data boom and other proprietary data that are owned by large corporates have located the industry in a better position than traditional academic bodies in terms of research capabilities. These global developments have created the opportunity to conduct this research which aims to explore the relationship between voice and speech attributes and consumer behaviour in the context of telephone based call centre interactions. The access to call centre recordings and their derivative analysis has enhanced this research with the unique experience of a practitioner rather than being limited to an at arm’s length theoretical analysis. The research questions aim to identify voice and speech attributes that affect (positively or negatively) customer satisfaction levels, and ways in which a company can utilize these attributes to change the way its call centre staff operate. The research methodology is based on a qualitative survey through which I collected data from a real-world call centre (auditory observation), and a triangulation of this data with that of a focus group session. The data went through a correlation test through a sample survey and a synthesis that processes the research findings into theoretical, published literature. Following these research insights, I have developed a Hidden Forces Model which is based on the findings arising from the research. This model offers an alternative way to operate call centres considering adjustments in social interaction by the service staff in order to impact and optimise customer satisfaction for the benefit of the company.
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Robinson, Janean. "'Troubling' behaviour management: Listening to student voice." Thesis, Robinson, Janean ORCID: 0000-0003-0958-4973 (2011) 'Troubling' behaviour management: Listening to student voice. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2011. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/5860/.
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At the beginning of the 21st century, education is increasingly being privatised at the expense of the public. This can be explained in terms of the neoliberal agenda, with its emphasis on efficiency, effectiveness, accountability and standards and the damaging impact it is having on all aspects of school life. As governments abdicate responsibility for public education, schools are exposed to the forces of market competition, choice and individual performance rather than the collective public good serving the needs of all students.
This research investigates how students who do not conform, fit in, or help maintain a commodified image of the school, are often left on the margins, resist, or leave school altogether. It is these students specifically who become the focus of system wide attempts to homogenise behaviour in ways that are mostly demeaning and unhelpful. In particular, this thesis critiques the mandated Behaviour Management in Schools (2001, 2008) policy of the Western Australia Department of Education and Training by listening to the voices of students themselves and what they have to say about life in a Western Australian public secondary school. In the process, the thesis: highlights the lack of respectful consultation and negotiation with teachers, parents and students in the creation of behaviour management policy, protocols and rules; challenges the deficit and pathologising thinking that underpins it; and identifies an alternative vision based on the values of trust, respect, and care.
Drawing on the tradition of critical ethnography, twenty-seven Year 10 students were interviewed to better understand the contradiction between official policy discourses and their own daily experiences of behaviour management policies, routines and habits.
Official policy claims of creating a safe, welcoming and caring school environment are contrasted with student narratives which illustrate their concerns and struggles with inequality, and a desire for respect and voice in a system that often appears harsh and unfair. The analysis of these narratives, together with a genealogical investigation of the historical evolution of behaviour management discourses in Western Australia, sheds light on some of the reasons why students resist and disengage from schooling. The emergent themes selected from the narrative student portraits provide a focus of discussion: student voice - 'they just won't listen'; disengagement - 'I am bored'; control -'they wear me down'; marginalisation - 'I feel left out'; relationships - 'can or can't we relate'; and powerlessness - 'when they don't care'.
The alternative understandings that emerge from student insights and perspectives together with a critical theoretical orientation provide the foundations for building a more democratic and socially just approach to schooling. This alternative archetype is based on a vision of emotional and social connectedness and the principles of trust, care and respect nourishing pedagogical hope. Such a learning community has no 'end place' and no 'product' but instead is built on a spirit of belonging and negotiation and is not afraid to be bathed in affection, and authentic conversations.
The ultimate purpose of this thesis is to provoke and 'trouble' Behaviour Management in Schools policy in order to instigate a more meaningful dialogue about the social, economic and educational futures of all young people.
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Pearson, Stuart. "The voice-behaviour link in command hallucinations in psychosis." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604546.
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Research into command hallucinations (CH) in psychosis has identified factors which influence behavioural responses to commands. Certain areas have not been explored, such as potential differences in individuals' experiences of CH between times of compliance and resistance. Additional research has explored cognitive processes, such as responsibility beliefs and Thought-Action Fusion, in psychosis. Such processes may be of relevance to the experience of CH, yet this has not been explored empirically. The present study aimed to address these gaps through an exploration of individuals' experiences of CH and potentially related cognitive processes. Seven individuals were included in the analysis and the data was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Five super-ordinate themes emerged which represented aspects of participants' experiences of CH: A struggle for control; Appraising voices and commands; Deciding how to respond; Beliefs about thoughts, voices and actions; Understanding voices in relation to self. The study suggests factors which may differ between individuals' experiences of CH at times of resistance and compliance, and suggests other factors which may influence behavioural responses to commands. Further exploration of responsibility beliefs and Thought-Action Fusion in relation to experience of CH is required. The results have implications for clinical practice when working with individuals who experience CH. Further research is needed to validate the present findings and to investigate whether they can be generalised to other individuals who experience CH.
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Hames, Katharine. "Employees’ voice climate perceptions and perceived importance of voice behaviour: links with important work-related outcomes." Thesis, Hames, Katharine (2012) Employees’ voice climate perceptions and perceived importance of voice behaviour: links with important work-related outcomes. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2012. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/11013/.
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Employee perceptions of voice climate and behaviour have been linked with work-related outcomes that impact organisational effectiveness. This study explored the multi-dimensionality of voice climate and its relationship with affective organisational commitment, work engagement, neglect and exit. The perceived importance of voice behaviours was hypothesised to moderate these relationships. Questionnaires were completed by 119 employees from several organisations. As hypothesised, voice climate was found to be multi-dimensional, and to be significantly related to the work-related outcomes. Contrary to hypotheses, perceived importance of voice behaviour did not moderate these relationships. These findings shed light on new research avenues, and may assist employers in understanding how their organisations’ voice climate is associated with important work-related outcomes.
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Iwarsson, Jenny. "Breathing and phonation : effects of lung volume and breathing behaviour on voice function /." Stockholm, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-628-4522-5.
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De, Carcenac Genevieve. "Weight versus voice : how foreign subsidiaries gain attention from corporate headquarters in emerging markets." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25372.
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The research problem of this project is to investigate if, and how, Birkinshaw and Bouquet‟s model of subsidiary attention seeking by means of weight and voice needs to be modified for MNC subsidiaries operating in emerging markets. The qualitative research technique used for this research was the multiple-case study method. Key findings are that weight is moderated by institutional environments and voice by national culture in emerging markets. Recommendations are made to assist managers of subsidiaries in increasing weight and voice in emerging markets in order to gain more attention from Corporate Headquarters. CopyrightDissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
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Miller, Nicola Anne. "The significance of kinaesthetic vocal sensations related to listening behaviour : an MRI study." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=216996.
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The aim of this project was to investigate the nature and possible significance of first-person kinaesthetic vocal sensations observed in association with musical listening. Hearing and voice are known to be closely linked but the mechanisms that underlie their close relationship are not yet understood. The presence of kinaesthetic vocal sensations challenges accounts of auditory processing that are divorced from peripheral vocal input and, instead, suggests the hypothesis that auditory and vocal processing mechanisms rely on shared peripheral substrates in addition to their increasingly recognized shared (brain-based) central substrates. To investigate this hypothesis, I used MRI and developed a measurement protocol (informed by established methods in cephalometry) that would allow me to relate vocal structures to their direct and indirect bony attachments to the craniofacial skeleton, cervical spine and sternum. After establishing the method's validity in subjects at rest, I acquired midsagittal MR images (under conditions where articulatory and postural input was negligible) while subjects (1) hummed and (2) listened (in a focused way) to low and high notes at each end of their range. Geometric and shape analysis of craniocaudal, craniocervical and anteroposterior variables revealed significant differences between low- and high-note conditions and widespread correlations between variables for both humming and listening investigations. An unexpected association between pitch change and changes of cervical alignment was also found. These results were complemented and extended by using the same MR images to build an active shape model (ASM). In addition to showing how vocal structures move together, ASM showed goal-related vocal activity to consist of one or more independent modes of variation. Together, the observations, experimental results, and evidence from diverse historical and contemporary sources, support the hypothesis that mechanisms underlying auditory and vocal processing rely on shared central and peripheral substrates. Wide-ranging implications arising from this hypothesis are also discussed.
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Neale, Matthew C. "The effects of co-workers' extra-role behaviour on individual task performance and climate perceptions." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16688/1/Matthew_Neale_Thesis.pdf.
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Extra-role helping, defined as assisting co-workers with their work tasks, and extra-role voice, defined as arguing for constructive change, are believed to be functional for work groups. However, the mechanisms by which helping and voice might contribute to group effectiveness have not been described in detail, and relatively little empirical research has addressed the effects that helping and voice actually have within groups, or their relationships with outcomes relevant to group effectiveness. I argue that helping and voice will have their most direct and immediate effects on fellow group members, and that these effects may influence the subsequent performance of the group as a whole. I present a cross-level model of task facilitation, which describes the impact that group level helping may have on the task performance of individual group members. I present a cross-level model of climate building, which describes the impact that group level helping and voice may have on the climate perceptions of individual group members. I test hypotheses drawn from these models in three studies. Study one was conducted with 1086 Australian air traffic controllers in 45 groups. The results provided support for the task facilitation mechanism, and showed that group level helping was positively associated with the task performance and effectiveness of individual air traffic controllers. Study two was conducted in an Australian public sector organisation employing over 4000 individuals in 177 groups. The results of this study provided support for the climate building mechanism. Group level helping was positively associated with individual perceptions of affective climate. The effects of group level voice depended on the level of goal clarity within the group. I argued that group members would perceive a greater need for voice when group goal clarity was low, and that under these circumstances, group members would attribute voice behaviour to a genuine desire to benefit the group. Under conditions of high goal clarity, however, group members would not perceive a need for voice, and so the voice behaviours would be attributed to self-serving motives to gain power, influence or resources. Results supported these arguments, with group voice having a negative effect on climate perceptions when goal clarity was high, and a positive effect on climate perceptions when goal clarity was low. In study three I examined the impact of attributions for voice behaviour directly. I conducted an experiment with 69 second year management students. Students were placed in a simulated organisational context by way of a written vignette. The level of co-worker voice and the motives for voice were manipulated within this vignette to form a two by two factorial design in which the level of voice (no voice vs. some voice) was crossed with co-worker motives (self-serving vs. altruistic). Manipulation checks showed that participants attributed the co-worker's behaviour to self serving motives in the self-serving condition, and to altruistic motives in the altruistic condition. The results showed that voice behaviour had a negative impact on climate perceptions when self-serving attributions were made. When altruistic attributions were made, the presence or absence of voice did not influence climate perceptions. The results of the three studies suggest that extra-role helping and voice form important parts of the technical, social and psychological environment in which group members work. Furthermore, this environment can have important effects on the task performance and climate perceptions of group members. To the extent that group effectiveness depends on high levels of individual task performance and positive climate perceptions, these outcomes will influence subsequent group effectiveness. I close by discussing the contribution of the task facilitation and climate building models, and the practical implications of the results obtained within this thesis.
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Neale, Matthew C. "The effects of co-workers' extra-role behaviour on individual task performance and climate perceptions." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16688/.
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Extra-role helping, defined as assisting co-workers with their work tasks, and extra-role voice, defined as arguing for constructive change, are believed to be functional for work groups. However, the mechanisms by which helping and voice might contribute to group effectiveness have not been described in detail, and relatively little empirical research has addressed the effects that helping and voice actually have within groups, or their relationships with outcomes relevant to group effectiveness. I argue that helping and voice will have their most direct and immediate effects on fellow group members, and that these effects may influence the subsequent performance of the group as a whole. I present a cross-level model of task facilitation, which describes the impact that group level helping may have on the task performance of individual group members. I present a cross-level model of climate building, which describes the impact that group level helping and voice may have on the climate perceptions of individual group members. I test hypotheses drawn from these models in three studies. Study one was conducted with 1086 Australian air traffic controllers in 45 groups. The results provided support for the task facilitation mechanism, and showed that group level helping was positively associated with the task performance and effectiveness of individual air traffic controllers. Study two was conducted in an Australian public sector organisation employing over 4000 individuals in 177 groups. The results of this study provided support for the climate building mechanism. Group level helping was positively associated with individual perceptions of affective climate. The effects of group level voice depended on the level of goal clarity within the group. I argued that group members would perceive a greater need for voice when group goal clarity was low, and that under these circumstances, group members would attribute voice behaviour to a genuine desire to benefit the group. Under conditions of high goal clarity, however, group members would not perceive a need for voice, and so the voice behaviours would be attributed to self-serving motives to gain power, influence or resources. Results supported these arguments, with group voice having a negative effect on climate perceptions when goal clarity was high, and a positive effect on climate perceptions when goal clarity was low. In study three I examined the impact of attributions for voice behaviour directly. I conducted an experiment with 69 second year management students. Students were placed in a simulated organisational context by way of a written vignette. The level of co-worker voice and the motives for voice were manipulated within this vignette to form a two by two factorial design in which the level of voice (no voice vs. some voice) was crossed with co-worker motives (self-serving vs. altruistic). Manipulation checks showed that participants attributed the co-worker's behaviour to self serving motives in the self-serving condition, and to altruistic motives in the altruistic condition. The results showed that voice behaviour had a negative impact on climate perceptions when self-serving attributions were made. When altruistic attributions were made, the presence or absence of voice did not influence climate perceptions. The results of the three studies suggest that extra-role helping and voice form important parts of the technical, social and psychological environment in which group members work. Furthermore, this environment can have important effects on the task performance and climate perceptions of group members. To the extent that group effectiveness depends on high levels of individual task performance and positive climate perceptions, these outcomes will influence subsequent group effectiveness. I close by discussing the contribution of the task facilitation and climate building models, and the practical implications of the results obtained within this thesis.
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O'Connor, Marie Louise. "Pupil voice-exploring the education journeys experienced by pupils labelled with behaviour, emotional and social difficulties (BESD)." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2012. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6169/.
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The study aimed to develop innovative and exploratory research strategies for harnessing the pupil voice amongst young people who have received the Behavioural, Emotional and Social Difficulties (BESD) label. As such the study sought to locate the pupil at the heart of the data collection and to examine how specific turning points can impact upon the educational experiences of young people labelled with BESD. The study attempted to move away from traditional research methods which have worked to silence the voices of this group of young people. In order to achieve this aim the researcher set out on a journey of discovery alongside the pupils to develop participatory and engaging methods of data collection. The study aimed to track the educational journeys experienced by young people who have received the BESD label. In addition to being a vehicle for the voice of the young person the thesis draws together the perspectives of the adults surrounding the pupil namely their parents and teachers. The results revealed the BESD label to be complex and difficult to operationalise. The current education system continues to remove these "challenging" pupils and this leads to them experiencing extremely chaotic educational journeys. The findings indicate that the current system is not working from the perspective of the pupil, parent or teacher. Encouragingly pupils were able to offer intelligent and insightful responses to the antecedents to BESD development. The study therefore advocates the importance of "hearing" the pupil voice. It is questionable however the extent to which the study achieved its aim of "true participation". This is due to the position occupied by young people both within society and the confines of their educational journey. The study critically reflects on the challenge of unleashing the pupil voice. It is hoped the findings will provide recommendations for educational professionals and research practitioners engaging and supporting this group of young people.
Books on the topic "Voice Behaviour"
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Butcher, Peter. Psychogenic voice disorders and cognitive-behaviour therapy. London: Whurr Publishers, 1993.
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Ruth, Simpson. Voice, visibility and the gendering of organizations. Basingstoke [England]: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
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The passive voice. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 1996.
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Songbirds: Celebrating nature's voice. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1997.
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Scott, G. C. His mistress's voice. New York: Carroll & Graf, 1997.
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Dunning, Joan. The loon: Voice of the wilderness. Dublin, N.H: Yankee Books, 1985.
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Language & social behaviour: Voices from the Malay world. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2006.
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Burhanudeen, Hafriza. Language & social behaviour: Voices from the Malay world. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2006.
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Voice therapy: A psychotherapeutic approach to self-destructive behavior. New York, N.Y: Human Sciences Press, 1988.
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The loon: Voice of the wilderness. [Dublin, N.H.]: Yankee Books, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Voice Behaviour"
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Evans, William. "Your voice and your classroom management." In Behaviour Management, 71–84. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429402104-7.
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Fifer, William, and Christine Moon. "Early Voice Discrimination." In Neurobiology of Early Infant Behaviour, 277–86. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10735-3_26.
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Šebová, I., E. J. Haberland, and A. Stiefel. "Microbial Corrosion of Pharyngo-Tracheal Shunt Valves (‘Voice Prostheses’)." In Deformation and Fracture Behaviour of Polymers, 461–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04556-5_32.
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Bierögel, C., I. Bethge, W. Grellmann, and E. J. Haberland. "Deformation Behaviour of Voice Prostheses — Sensitivity of Mechanical Test Methods." In Deformation and Fracture Behaviour of Polymers, 471–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04556-5_33.
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Pisanski, Katarzyna, and David Puts. "Voice Cues: Intersexual Selection." In Encyclopedia of Sexual Psychology and Behavior, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08956-5_186-1.
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Benson, Jonathan. "Exit, Voice and Technocracy." In Technocracy and the Epistemology of Human Behavior, 32–61. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003328384-2.
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Díaz-Loving, Rolando. "Culture, Ecosystems, and Behavior." In Latin American Voices, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26604-2_1.
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Vích, Robert, and Martin Vondra. "Pitch Synchronous Transform Warping in Voice Conversion." In Cognitive Behavioural Systems, 280–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34584-5_24.
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Vaporis, Constantine Nomikos. "Dealing with Deviant Behavior." In Voices of Early Modern Japan, 131–32. Other titles: contemporary accounts of daily life during the age of the Shoguns Description: 2nd edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003005292-32.
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Gunes, Hatice, Mihalis A. Nicolaou, and Maja Pantic. "Continuous Analysis of Affect from Voice and Face." In Computer Analysis of Human Behavior, 255–91. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-994-9_10.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Voice Behaviour"
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Dangerfield, Ian, David Malone, and Douglas J. Leith. "Understanding 802.11e Voice Behaviour via Testbed Measurements and Modeling." In 2007 5th International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc and Wireless Networks (WiOpt). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wiopt.2007.4480108.
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Tizard, James, Tim Rietz, and Kelly Blincoe. "Voice of the Users: A Demographic Study of Software Feedback Behaviour." In 2020 IEEE 28th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/re48521.2020.00018.
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CHARLES, CHRISTOPHER. "The importance of mixed methods How validation and voice may interact effectively." In Sixth International Conference On Advances In Economics, Social Science and Human Behaviour Study - ESSHBS 2017. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-120-7-73.
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Zargham, Nima, Leon Reicherts, Michael Bonfert, Sarah Theres Voelkel, Johannes Schoening, Rainer Malaka, and Yvonne Rogers. "Understanding Circumstances for Desirable Proactive Behaviour of Voice Assistants: The Proactivity Dilemma." In CUI 2022: 4th Conference on Conversational User Interfaces. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3543829.3543834.
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Tran, Hélène. "Automatic Multimodal Emotion Recognition Using Facial Expression, Voice, and Text." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/843.
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It has been a long-time dream for humans to interact with a machine as we would with a person, in a way that it understands us, advises us, and looks after us with no human supervision. Despite being efficient on logical reasoning, current advanced systems lack empathy and user understanding. Estimating the user's emotion could greatly help the machine to identify the user's needs and adapt its behaviour accordingly. This research project aims to develop an automatic emotion recognition system based on facial expression, voice, and words. We expect to address the challenges related to multimodality, data complexity, and emotion representation.
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Kumar, Rajesh, Sachin Kansal, and Sudipto Mukherjee. "Delta Based Non-Anthropomorphic Hand." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-67349.
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Abstract The paper reports design and implementation of a Delta Robot based non-anthropomorphic hand. A set of three constant orientation Delta robots are shown to be useful to perform manipulation maneuvers on the object. Voice coil arc actuators are deployed to improve the backdrivability of the robot. The hand consists of three constant orientation fingers which are deployed to grasp an object. The fingers are programmed to behave as a set of springs to generate stable object acquisition. The capability of the robotic hand to perform different maneuvers is demonstrated. The dynamic feedback linearisation method is shown to be useful both for controlling the robotic hand and also to ensure passive grasp of the robotic system. It is shown that the hand can be used to catch an object, improve the grasp forces on the surface of the object, impart oscillatory motion, and also to throw the object in a prescribed direction. Standalone examples are described to suggest the same. The backdrivability of the voice coil arc actuators are demonstrated to be of purpose in improving the passive grasp behaviour of the robot. The swift motion of the actuators are shown to be useful while performing quick oscillations and also to throw the object.
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Takatama, Mirai, and Wonseok Yang. "Remote Cheering System with Voice in Live Streaming." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001753.
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In recent years, live streaming has become the mainstream. Because the music live has been canceled or postponed by the influence of the new coronavirus infection. Even now that the number of infected people is decreasing, hybrid live performances with both concert and live streaming are being held. Live streaming can reduce travel costs and time, so it has the merit of being able to watch it easily. However, it is difficult to feel a sense of unity and presence, and it does not create more excitement than concert. It has become a problem in the music industry. In order to solve this problem, we think it is necessary to pay attention to the presence or absence of audience sharing the same place and voice, which is a big difference between concert and live streaming. This study examines how to make it satisfactory live where we can feel a sense of unity and presence even if we are alone at home in a live streaming. To this end, we clarified the behavior of the audience watching concert and analyzed how to cheer.Therefore, we conducted a survey of the excitement of it based on the pyramid of Freytag.We investigated the behavior of the audience from concert videos of idols, singers and rock bands. As a result, audience’s cheering method has three types of cheering: those using voice, those using hands and those using entire body. Cheering using voice plays an important role in deciding the excitement.Live streaming has comments, social tipping, and posting on SNS as a service. However, none of them share the voice of the audience. This analysis clarified the reason why live streaming is not more exciting than concert. Thereby we considered that sharing emotions aloud between the audience create a sense of unity in live streaming. From the above, we produce a live streaming cheering system using voice. This system uses the call program to communicate with other audiences, visualize the voice of the audience and project it on the screen. It’s mechanism that increases the number of effects that express excitement as the audience’s voice gets louder. We produce it to use TouchDesigner. Moreover, subjects watched the concert video with this system. we experimented with whether the subject felt a sense of unity and presence compared to conventional live streaming. Subjects were able to shout even more by sharing voices with other audiences and visualizing their voices. In addition, conventional live streaming shared emotions by discussing their impressions with other audiences using SNS. By contrast, this system can share emotions directly through the call program, which makes it more exciting. On the other hand, subjects have an opinion that it would be better to project effects tailored to the concept of songs and concerts on the screen so that the audience would not get bored. Therefore, this system is room for the development. From this experiment, the remote cheering system using voice improve the concert experience at home.
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Tanksale, Abhijit A., and Prasanna S. Gandhi. "On Novel Dynamic Displacement Amplification Using Compliant Mechanisms." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87638.
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Flexure based micro or nano positioning systems are among the most widely used positioning systems in micro or nano engineering domain. More often, piezoelectric actuators (PZTs) or voice coil actuators are used for the actuation of such highly precise flexure based positioning systems. However, the range of motion or stroke of these actuators is limited. Previous literature shows the use of various displacement amplifying compliant mechanisms (DACMs) to address this problem. This paper proposes a novel approach of dynamic displacement amplification using the compliant mechanism (DDACM). The well-known vibration absorber effect is observed and employed to amplify the displacement (rather than for suppressing vibrations) of output mass as compared to intermediate mass using double parallelogram compliant mechanism. Different amplification ratios can be obtained by tuning the frequency of excitation. We, further propose a nonlinear model that effectively captures the resulting behaviour of DDACM. Simulation results with the proposed model are validated with corresponding experimental results on DDACM within the accuracy of 10%.
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Erath, Byron D., Matías Zañartu, Sean D. Peterson, and Michael W. Plesniak. "Nonlinear Vocal Fold Dynamics in a Two-Mass Model of Speech Arising From Asymmetric Intraglottal Flow." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53952.
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Voiced speech is initiated as air is expelled from the lungs and passes through the vocal tract inciting self-sustained oscillations of the vocal folds. While various approaches exist for investigating both normal and pathological speech, the relative inaccessibility of the vocal folds make multi-mass speech models an attractive alternative. Their behavior has been benchmarked with excised larynx experiments, and they have been used as analysis tools for both normal and disordered speech, including investigations of paralysis, vocal tremor, and breathiness. However, during pathological speech, vocal fold motion is often unstructured, resulting in chaotic motion and a wealth of nonlinear phenomena. Unfortunately, current methodologies for multi-mass speech models are unable to replicate the nonlinear vocal fold behavior that often occurs in physiological diseased voice for realistic values of subglottal pressure.
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Javed, Yousra, Shashank Sethi, and Akshay Jadoun. "Alexa's Voice Recording Behavior." In ARES '19: 14th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3339252.3340330.
Full textReports on the topic "Voice Behaviour"
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Parsons, G., and J. Maruszak. Voice Messaging Client Behaviour. RFC Editor, July 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4024.
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Ramnath, Rishabh, Neale Kinnear, Sritika Chowdhury, and T. Hyatt. Interacting with Android Auto and Apple CarPlay when driving: The effect on driver performance. TRL, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.58446/sjxj5756.
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This study aimed to assess the impact of interacting with two infotainment systems, Android Auto and Apple CarPlay, on four driver performance measures: reaction time, driving behaviour, eyes-off road and self-reported performance. It also compared the results with other forms of driver impairment studied previously. Twenty regular Android users took part in the Android Auto trial and 20 regular Apple users took part in the Apple CarPlay trial. Each participant completed three 20 minute drives in TRL’s DigiCar simulator: control (no interaction with infotainment system), voice enabled and touch enabled. The route was divided into sections and participants performed music, navigation, texting and calling tasks at specific times during the drive. Compared with the control drive, participants in both trials showed a reduction in average speed, increase in deviation of headway and larger deviation of lane position for most tasks; this effect was greater when using touch features than voice features. Eye gaze measures indicated that participants did not meet the NHTSA criteria for most of the tasks when using touch controls for both systems, but they met the criteria when using voice control. Self-reported data suggested that participants found interacting through touch to be more difficult and distracting than voice. Most critically, reaction time to a stimulus on the road ahead was significantly higher when selecting music through Spotify when using Android Auto and Apple CarPlay. Participants also failed to react more to the stimulus on the road ahead when engaging with either Android Auto or Apple CarPlay compared with a control drive. Comparison with previous driver impairment studies showed that the increase in reaction time when interacting with either system using touch was higher than previously measured forms of impairment, including texting and hand-held calls.
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Khan, Mahreen. Lessons from Adaptive Programming. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.142.
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The aim of adaptive programming (AP) is to produce adaptive, flexible, iterative, responsive, problem-driven, politically smart, locally led programmes which are effective and efficient and meet donor requirements for accountability. This is a rapid desk review of recent literature on AP including academic and grey sources. Section 2 covers the main challenges and barriers to successful implementation of AP. Key success factors are covered in Section 3. Selecting the appropriate monitoring and evaluation tools such as outcome harvesting or adapted versions of Value for Money to assist in measuring outcomes and embedding learning is key to successful AP, particularly in governance programmes, where results are usually long-term, non-linear and causality can be difficult to specifically trace back to the donor-funded intervention. Section 4 details three case studies from the governance arena as this report was requested to assist in designing adaptive governance programmes. Thus, the State Accountability and Voice Initiative (SAVI) from Nigeria, Chakua Hatua from Tanzania, and Within and Without the State (WWS) from conflict regions are included to show how flexible indicators, donor communication and negotiation, empowering teams and adopting monitoring and evaluation tools assisted in successful AP outcomes in different locations and political contexts. The challenges faced and drawbacks of certain processes were fed into efficient feedback loops fostering cross-communication, adaptation, and modification to ensure procedures and policies were changed accordingly. Sources used are primarily from the previous 5 years, as per K4D norms, unless the work is seminal, such as the ODI Report (2016) Doing Development Differently, which encouraged over 60 countries to sign up for the AP methodology. This review found a substantive body of literature on AP methodology the relative recency of academic attention on AP in the development less evidence is available on case studies of AP in the development sector, as there are not many ongoing projects and even fewer have been completed and results assessed (ICF, 2019). There is also a lack of case studies on how dynamic, empowered, innovative teams successfully apply adaptive programming ideas, particularly providing behavioural insights about such teams (Cooke, 2017) as well as little attention to precipitating and sustaining behaviour change in institutions over the longer term (Power, 2017).
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Fahrney, Kristine, Jennifer Uhrig, and Tzy-Mey Kuo. Gender-of-voice effects in an ACASI study of same-sex behavior. Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI Press, April 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2010.mr.0017.1004.
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Harriss, Lydia, and Khalil Davis. Biometric Technologies. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pn578.
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Biometric technologies identify individuals based on their distinguishing physical and behavioural attributes, such as fingerprints, face, and voice. Unlike passwords or traditional identity documents, biometric attributes are inherently linked to a person and cannot usually be lost or forgotten, potentially providing greater security and convenience. This briefing focuses on how these technologies work, their applications, and the policy challenges raised by their use.
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Iyer, Ruhil, and Léa Pare Toe. Impact of Climate Hazards on Rural Sanitation and Hygiene Practices in Burkina Faso. The Sanitation Learning Hub, Institute of Development Studies, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2022.016.
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Despite climate change being a major concern for the sanitation sector, rural sanitation remains neglected in the wider discussions of climate impacts on WASH services. Also, the voices of vulnerable individuals, households, and communities who are experiencing the effects of climate change in relation to sanitation issues are missing. The aim of the case study was to expand the evidence base on climate impacts on rural sanitation and hygiene practices and programmes in Burkina Faso and on practical adaptations to increase resilience and ensure communities are better able to maintain improved sanitation behaviours during and after times of climate stress. There was a focus on the social dimensions of impacts, exploring vulnerabilities and behavioural aspects of sanitation access and use. Additionally, the research identified the impacts climate change is already having on current programming efforts in rural settings.
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David, Raluca. Advancing gender equality and closing the gender digital gap: Three principles to support behavioural change policy and intervention. Digital Pathways at Oxford, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2022/02.
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Worldwide, interventions and policies to improve gender equality or close gender gaps often struggle to reach their targets. For example, women lag considerably behind in use of even simple digital technologies such as mobile phones or the internet. In 2020, the gap in mobile internet use in low- and middle-income countries was at 15%, while in South Asian and Sub-Saharan African countries, it remained as high as 36% and 37% respectively (GSMA, 2021). Use of the internet for more complex activities shows an even wider gap. In Cairo, in 2018, only 21% of female internet users gained economically, and only 7% were able to voice their opinions online (with similar statistics for India, Indonesia, Kenya, Uganda and Colombia, Sambuli et al., 2018). This is despite the fact that empowering women through digital technologies is central to global gender equality strategies (e.g. Sustainable Development Goals, United Nations, 2015), and is believed to facilitate economic growth and industry-level transformation (International Monetary Fund, 2020). Progress is slow because behaviours are gendered: there are stark dissociations between what women and men do – or are expected to do. These dissociations are deeply entrenched by social norms, to the extent that interventions to change them face resistance or can even backfire. Increasingly, governments are using behavioural change interventions in a bid to improve public policy outcomes, while development or gender organisations are using behavioural change programmes to shift gender norms. However, very little is known about how gendered social norms impact the digital divide, or how to use behavioural interventions to shift these norms. Drawing on several research papers that look at the gender digital gap, this brief examines why behavioural change is difficult, and how it could be implemented more effectively. This brief is addressed to policymakers, programme co-ordinators in development organisations, and strategy planners in gender equality interventions who are interested in ways to accelerate progress on gender equality, and close the gender digital gap. The brief offers a set of principles on which to base interventions, programmes and strategies to change gendered behaviours. The principles in this brief were developed as part of a programme of research into ways to close the gender digital gap.
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Dunn, Linda. The Voices I Never Hear: Communication Apprehension and Associated Nonverbal Behaviors in the Primary School Child. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6540.
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Gattenhof, Sandra, Donna Hancox, Sasha Mackay, Kathryn Kelly, Te Oti Rakena, and Gabriela Baron. Valuing the Arts in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. Queensland University of Technology, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.227800.
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The arts do not exist in vacuum and cannot be valued in abstract ways; their value is how they make people feel, what they can empower people to do and how they interact with place to create legacy. This research presents insights across Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand about the value of arts and culture that may be factored into whole of government decision making to enable creative, vibrant, liveable and inclusive communities and nations. The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed a great deal about our societies, our collective wellbeing, and how urgent the choices we make now are for our futures. There has been a great deal of discussion – formally and informally – about the value of the arts in our lives at this time. Rightly, it has been pointed out that during this profound disruption entertainment has been a lifeline for many, and this argument serves to re-enforce what the public (and governments) already know about audience behaviours and the economic value of the arts and entertainment sectors. Wesley Enoch stated in The Saturday Paper, “[m]etrics for success are already skewing from qualitative to quantitative. In coming years, this will continue unabated, with impact measured by numbers of eyeballs engaged in transitory exposure or mass distraction rather than deep connection, community development and risk” (2020, 7). This disconnect between the impact of arts and culture on individuals and communities, and what is measured, will continue without leadership from the sector that involves more diverse voices and perspectives. In undertaking this research for Australia Council for the Arts and Manatū Taonga Ministry for Culture & Heritage, New Zealand, the agreed aims of this research are expressed as: 1. Significantly advance the understanding and approaches to design, development and implementation of assessment frameworks to gauge the value and impact of arts engagement with a focus on redefining evaluative practices to determine wellbeing, public value and social inclusion resulting from arts engagement in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. 2. Develop comprehensive, contemporary, rigorous new language frameworks to account for a multiplicity of understandings related to the value and impact of arts and culture across diverse communities. 3. Conduct sector analysis around understandings of markers of impact and value of arts engagement to identify success factors for broad government, policy, professional practitioner and community engagement. This research develops innovative conceptual understandings that can be used to assess the value and impact of arts and cultural engagement. The discussion shows how interaction with arts and culture creates, supports and extends factors such as public value, wellbeing, and social inclusion. The intersection of previously published research, and interviews with key informants including artists, peak arts organisations, gallery or museum staff, community cultural development organisations, funders and researchers, illuminates the differing perceptions about public value. The report proffers opportunities to develop a new discourse about what the arts contribute, how the contribution can be described, and what opportunities exist to assist the arts sector to communicate outcomes of arts engagement in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand.
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Lewis, Dustin, Radhika Kapoor, and Naz Modirzadeh. Advancing Humanitarian Commitments in Connection with Countering Terrorism: Exploring a Foundational Reframing concerning the Security Council. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/uzav2714.
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The imperative to provide humanitarian and medical services on an urgent basis in armed conflicts is anchored in moral tenets, shared values, and international rules. States spend tens of billions of dollars each year to help implement humanitarian programs in conflicts across the world. Yet, in practice, counterterrorism objectives increasingly prevail over humanitarian concerns, often resulting in devastating effects for civilian populations in need of aid and protection in war. Not least, confusion and misapprehensions about the power and authority of States relative to the United Nations Security Council to set policy preferences and configure legal obligations contribute significantly to this trajectory. In this guide for States, we present a framework to reconfigure relations between these core commitments by assessing the counterterrorism architecture through the lens of impartial humanitarianism. We aim in particular to provide an evidence base and analytical frame for States to better grasp key legal and policy issues related to upholding respect for principled humanitarian action in connection with carrying out the Security Council’s counterterrorism decisions. We do so because the lack of knowledge regarding interpretation and implementation of counterterrorism resolutions matters for the coherence, integrity, and comprehensiveness of humanitarian policymaking and protection of the humanitarian imperative. In addition to analyzing foundational concerns and evaluating discernible behaviors and attitudes, we identify avenues that States may take to help achieve pro-humanitarian objectives. We also endeavor to help disseminate indications of, and catalyze, States’ legally relevant positions and practices on these issues. In section 1, we introduce the guide’s impetus, objectives, target audience, and structure. We also describe the methods that we relied on and articulate definitions for key terms. In section 2, we introduce key legal actors, sources of law, and the notion of international legal responsibility, as well as the relations between international and national law. Notably, Security Council resolutions require incorporation into national law in order to become effective and enforceable by internal administrative and judicial authorities. In section 3, we explain international legal rules relevant to advancing the humanitarian imperative and upholding respect for principled humanitarian action, and we sketch the corresponding roles of humanitarian policies, programs, and donor practices. International humanitarian law (IHL) seeks to ensure — for people who are not, or are no longer, actively participating in hostilities and whose needs are unmet — certain essential supplies, as well as medical care and attention for the wounded and sick. States have also developed and implemented a range of humanitarian policy frameworks to administer principled humanitarian action effectively. Further, States may rely on a number of channels to hold other international actors to account for safeguarding the humanitarian imperative. In section 4, we set out key theoretical and doctrinal elements related to accepting and carrying out the Security Council’s decisions. Decisions of the Security Council may contain (binding) obligations, (non-binding) recommendations, or a combination of the two. UN members are obliged to carry out the Council’s decisions. Member States retain considerable interpretive latitude to implement counterterrorism resolutions. With respect to advancing the humanitarian imperative, we argue that IHL should represent a legal floor for interpreting the Security Council’s decisions and recommendations. In section 5, we describe relevant conduct of the Security Council and States. Under the Resolution 1267 (1999), Resolution 1989 (2011), and Resolution 2253 (2015) line of resolutions, the Security Council has established targeted sanctions as counterterrorism measures. Under the Resolution 1373 (2001) line of resolutions, the Security Council has adopted quasi-“legislative” requirements for how States must counter terrorism in their national systems. Implementation of these sets of resolutions may adversely affect principled humanitarian action in several ways. Meanwhile, for its part, the Security Council has sought to restrict the margin of appreciation of States to determine how to implement these decisions. Yet international law does not demand that these resolutions be interpreted and implemented at the national level by elevating security rationales over policy preferences for principled humanitarian action. Indeed, not least where other fields of international law, such as IHL, may be implicated, States retain significant discretion to interpret and implement these counterterrorism decisions in a manner that advances the humanitarian imperative. States have espoused a range of views on the intersections between safeguarding principled humanitarian action and countering terrorism. Some voice robust support for such action in relation to counterterrorism contexts. A handful call for a “balancing” of the concerns. And some frame respect for the humanitarian imperative in terms of not contradicting counterterrorism objectives. In terms of measures, we identify five categories of potentially relevant national counterterrorism approaches: measures to prevent and suppress support to the people and entities involved in terrorist acts; actions to implement targeted sanctions; measures to prevent and suppress the financing of terrorism; measures to prohibit or restrict terrorism-related travel; and measures that criminalize or impede medical care. Further, through a number of “control dials” that we detect, States calibrate the functional relations between respect for principled humanitarian action and countering terrorism. The bulk of the identified counterterrorism measures and related “control dials” suggests that, to date, States have by and large not prioritized advancing respect for the humanitarian imperative at the national level. Finally, in section 6, we conclude by enumerating core questions that a State may answer to help formulate and instantiate its values, policy commitments, and legal positions to secure respect for principled humanitarian action in relation to counterterrorism contexts.