Academic literature on the topic 'Vocational teachers Training of Australia Case studies'

page iv. Editorial team page v. Acknowledgements page vi. Editorial - Joy Papier page 1. Incorporating principles of expansive learning and activity theory in curriculum design to bridge work and education contexts for vocational teachers - James Garraway and Christine Winberg page 22. Developing a WIL curriculum for post-school lecturer qualifications - André van der Bijl and Vanessa Taylor page 43. Teacher industry placement in Australia: Voices from vocational education and training managers - Annamarie Schüller and Roberto Bergami page 67. Motivating styles in dual, initial vocational education and training: Apprentices’ perceptions of autonomy support and control - Valentin Gross, Jean-Louis Berger, Matilde Wenger and Florinda Sauli page 89. Factors that influence the employability of National Certificate (Vocational) graduates: The case of a rural TVET college in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa - Nduvazi Obert Mabunda and Liezel Frick page 109. Experiences of women students in Engineering studies at a TVET college in South Africa - Sophia Matenda page 126. Growing the TVET knowledge base in the south: South African postgraduate output, 2008–2018 - Joy Papier and Simon McGrath page 143. Interview with Adrienne Bird - Johann Maree page 153. Contributor biographies page 156. Editorial policy page 158. Call for papers: JOVACET 4(1), 2021

An important aspect of vocational education and training (VET) teaching is education that is strongly linked to current industry practices. While this is a desirable pursuit, there are considerable challenges in it being implemented owing to increasingly changing work environments and the notion of ‘industry currency’. One way for VET teachers to remain up to date with contemporary industrial practices is for VET to pursue teacher placement in industry (TPI) opportunities. TPI is an agreement in terms of which the VET teacher is seconded to a firm for a period of time in order to perform predefined tasks. The resulting benefits include enhanced teaching practices and the development of deeper, long-term links with industry. However, TPI opportunities are not without their challenges. This article reports on an exploratory study of the views of VET education managers of business studies on the value of TPI. Because management support is integral to creating TPI opportunities, we explored the extent to which TPI is desired and supported by education managers. We found that policies supporting TPI initiatives, if they are in place, are not well formulated, and that a lack of resources and difficulties in finding industry partners exist. Despite these problems, education managers believe that these activities are of value to teaching programmes and of benefit to their department. We conclude that TPI should be an integral part of any VET professional development for teachers, but that, in order for TPI to be successful, appropriate resourcing and the development of strong industry networks are paramount.

The analysis conducted in this paper provides useful insights about training of vocational and technical teachers, both in terms of the theoretical framework surrounding the concept and how it’s applied in Europe in general and Greece in specific. Taking the analysis of technical teachers’ training into account, as well as its basic concepts and characteristics, it is clear that the central aim of the concept is to combine the need for teachers to acquire the necessary professional skills to practice their profession and be consistent with labour market and industrial standards at the same time. In order for these objectives to be achieved, vocational and technical teachers need to be subject to professionalization, which shall accompany throughout the whole duration of their professional career. These needs are summarized in that teachers must be characterized by discipline, acquisition of certain academic knowledge, and their combination with pedagogical studies. The case study of ASPETE’s training program for vocational and technical teachers was very indicative of what these teachers actually need, in order to effectively practice their profession. Essentially, training programs must focus on the changing roles and tasks for vocational and technical teachers in modern years, as well as combine academic courses with real-life practice, so that prospective teachers are exposed to real teaching activities, long before they officially start building their professional career.

The lack of relevant Teacher Education Training Programme (TETP) specifically for economics teachers in Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges globally, including South Africa has posed many challenges for teachers. This study reports on the pedagogical challenges of Economics teachers with Postgraduate Certificate (PGCE): Further Education and Training (FET) phase teaching N-level 4 economics in Technical and Vocational Education and Training colleges. The study investigated the pedagogical challenges experienced by economics teachers during the teaching and learning of N-Level 4 economics in one college at Motheo Technical and Vocational Education and Training College. The seven categories of teacher knowledge by Shulman's (1987), underpinned this study. In addition, the pedagogical challenges of Business Studies in secondary schools by Kimotho (2016) serve as a lens to understand the economics teachers’ challenges in a Technical, Vocational Education, and Training college. This qualitative research approach used an exploratory case study research design, and selected two economics teachers purposefully and their students who were observed in two different classrooms and later interviewed individually. The findings revealed that the economics teachers displayed five pedagogical challenges associated with content knowledge (CK), curriculum knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), knowledge of students, and the interaction with students. Based on the study’s limitation, there is a need to identify the educational implications on economics teachers’ pedagogical challenges when teaching economics to N-Level 4 students.

The lack of relevant Teacher Education Training Programme (TETP) specifically for economics teachers in Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges globally, including South Africa has posed many challenges for teachers. This study reports on the pedagogical challenges of Economics teachers with Postgraduate Certificate (PGCE): Further Education and Training (FET) phase teaching N-level 4 economics in Technical and Vocational Education and Training colleges. The study investigated the pedagogical challenges experienced by economics teachers during the teaching and learning of N-Level 4 economics in one college at Motheo Technical and Vocational Education and Training College. The seven categories of teacher knowledge by Shulman's (1987), underpinned this study. In addition, the pedagogical challenges of Business Studies in secondary schools by Kimotho (2016) serve as a lens to understand the economics teachers’ challenges in a Technical, Vocational Education, and Training college. This qualitative research approach used an exploratory case study research design, and selected two economics teachers purposefully and their students who were observed in two different classrooms and later interviewed individually. The findings revealed that the economics teachers displayed five pedagogical challenges associated with content knowledge (CK), curriculum knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), knowledge of students, and the interaction with students. Based on the study’s limitation, there is a need to identify the educational implications on economics teachers’ pedagogical challenges when teaching economics to N-Level 4 students.

Abstract In the field of teachers training of different levels (primary and secondary) and types (in-service and pre-service), exploiting video support for teaching practices analysis is a well-established training method to foster reflection on professional practices, self- and hetero-observation, and finally to improve teaching. While video has long been used to capture microteaching episodes, illustrate classroom cases and practices, and to review teaching practices, recent developments in video annotation tools may help to extend and augment the potentialities of video viewing. Various, although limited, numbers of studies have explored this field of research, especially with respect to in-service teachers training. However, this is less the case for Vocational Education and Training. The study presented here is a pilot experience in the field of in-service teachers training in the vocational sector. A two-year training programme using video annotation has been evaluated and analysed. The dimensions investigated are teachers’ perceptions on the usefulness, acceptance and sustainability of video annotation in teaching practices analysis. Results show a very good acceptance and usefulness of video annotation for reflecting on practice and to deliver feedbacks. Implications for the integration of a structural programme of analysis of practices based on video annotation are presented.

Purpose of the study: This study investigates the effect of competence and employability skills on the work readiness of vocational students majoring in accounting in Indonesia. Methodology: This study uses a quantitative approach. The research data were obtained using a questionnaire survey of vocational students majoring in accounting in South Tangerang. The final sample used in testing was 284 questionnaires—data analysis using multiple linear regression with SPSS 23 version. Results: The results of this study suggest that competence and employability skills positively affect work readiness. The findings of the study are useful for vocational students in increasing their readiness to face the workforce. Implications/Application: Future studies are expected to explore further the variables that influence competence and its effect on work readiness and career development, including learning achievements, internships, and ICT Skills. Also, future studies are expected to be able to prepare better test instruments and proportional test times to get more accurate competency measurements. Furthermore, this study is expected for Vocational Schools to prioritize constructivism-based learning processes in order to obtain more optimal student competencies. Meanwhile, for policymakers, it is expected to develop policies that can maximize the competency and employability skills of vocational students. Specifically, this research can be used by SMK teachers majoring in Accounting in Indonesia to measure the accounting competence of their students to minimize unemployment. This research can also be an input for researchers and competency assessors of the Professional Certification Institute (LSP) in Indonesia to determine appropriate competency standards for junior-level accounting specialist technicians. Novelty: This study is one of the very few studies investigating competence and employability skills altogether and their impact on work readiness in Indonesia cases. It is essential to be conducted because the graduates of vocational school should be assessed by the LSP licensed by the National Competency Certification Agency (BNSP) to ensure that their competencies and employabilities fulfill the needs of work users. This study also has a novelty in using a new test instrument to measure the competency level of accounting students of vocational high school. The test instrument can be used by teachers and training practitioners to compare practical competency measurements for students.

To boost the existence of career-learning environments in Dutch vocational education, the innovation project ‘Career Orientation and Guidance (COG) in Secondary Vocational Education’ started in 2012. In this article, we describe the effects of this project on the level of policy formulation and implementation by means of three case studies. Data were collected at three schools through interviews, observations of meetings and teacher training, and analysis of policy documents. We conclude that a dialogue between managers and teachers, as well as among teachers is essential for changes in the learning environment of the students, since formulating a school-wide strategic policy requires communication between the different levels of the organisation, and clear tactical policy or operational plans require teacher teams and their team leaders to engage in substantive dialogues about the Career Orientation and Guidance innovation process. Instructional as well as transformational leadership stimulates a dialogical work environment for teachers and their managers, which is necessary for a dialogical career-learning environment for students.

Industry 4.0 which based on digital technology, internet and automation (robotics) had changed theway work in various fields of business. One of the changes was forcing accountants to be able touse technology to help their work. To equip students to become accountants who could usetechnology, accounting teachers must have prior knowledge about technology. The technology thatmust be mastered by accounting teachers and students was accounting software. The Center forResearch and Community Service (P3M) STIE Trisakti in collaboration with PT Ultima TeknoSolusindo provided training on the use of Accurate accounting software to high school andvocational school accounting teachers in Jakarta. STIE Trisakti selected Accurate accountingsoftware because Accurate accounting software was the most widely used accounting software bycompanies. The problem faced by accounting teachers in Jakarta was the lack of knowledgeregarding the use of accounting software. The aim of community service was to provide accountingteachers with knowledge about using Accurate accounting software so that teachers can teachAccurate accounting software to students. The methods were lectures, case studies, simulations,and evaluations. The output was the trained teachers could do accounting cycle using Accurateaccounting software. The target outcomes to be achieved were the increased knowledge aboutAccurate accounting software so teachers could use Accurate accounting software to teachaccounting and students could use Accurate accounting software. With this training, P3M STIETrisakti hoped that vocational teachers could help vocational students become ready-to-use andskilled workers in the industrial era 4.0.

The focus in this article is to reveal: (1) The purpose of participating in dual skills programs; (2) Effectiveness of In Service Training 1 (In-1); (3) Effectiveness of In Service Training 2 (In-2); (4) Competence Pedagogic and Dual Professional Teacher Skills. Dual Skills Program is the addition of assignments and functions of teachers from normative and adaptive teachers plus the task of teaching productive expertise competencies, carried out for 12 months using the On-In-On-In learning model. Type of case study research with multi-case study design. The results of this study (1) Motivation of teachers to participate in dual skills programs to obtain educator certificates and anticipate shortages of hours; (2) Implementation of In-Service Training 1 is quite effective; (3) Implementation of In Service Training 2 (In-2) is quite effective; (4) In general On-In-On-In training is quite effective; (5) Teacher competency after training is quite good. Constraints that occur are difficult to divide the teaching time and tasks from training dual skills programs which are quite a lot. To the development of science, especially vocational education, the results of this study are expected to be used as one of the comparative studies on the theory of the effectiveness of On-In-On-In training in obtaining dual related skills: (a) The purpose of participating in a dual expertise program (b) Effectiveness of In Service Training 1 (In-1), (c) Effectiveness of In Service Training 2 (In-2), (d) Competence of Dual Skills Teachers Post-On-In-On-In Training.

Doctor of Philosophy
The current study explored the formative processes of twelve student teachers constructing role understandings in the context of their experiences and interactions with people with disabilities. In particular, it examined the participants’ changing notions of self-as-teacher and their unfolding perceptions of an inclusive educator’s role in teaching children with disabilities. The research aimed to investigate personal and professional forms of knowledge linked with the prior subjective life experiences of the student teachers and those arising from their interactions in situated learning experiences in community settings. The contextual framework of the study focused on the development of the student teachers’ unique understandings and awareness of people with disabilities through processes of biographical situated learning. The investigation examined participants’ voluntary out-ofcourse experiences with people with disabilities across three community settings for the ways in which these experiences facilitated the participants’ emerging role understandings. These settings included respite experiences in families’ homes of young children with disabilities receiving early intervention, an after-school recreational program for primary and secondary aged children and adolescents with disabilities, and an independent living centre providing post-school options and activities for adults with disabilities. ii Two groups participated in the current study, each consisted of six student teachers in the Bachelor of Education Course at the Bathurst campus of Charles Sturt University. Group One participants were in the second year compulsory inclusive education subject and Group Two participants were in the third year elective early intervention subject. The investigation examines the nature of reflexive and reflective processes of the student teachers from subjective, conflict realities in an attempt to link community experiences with real-life issues affecting inclusive educational practices. The voluntary community experiences engaged the research participants in multi-faceted interactions with people with disabilities, providing thought-provoking contexts for their reflections on observations, responses and reactions to situations, such as critical incidents. The participants engaged in reflexive and reflective processes in records made in learning journals and in semi-structured interviews conducted throughout the investigation. Results were analysed from a constructivist research paradigm to investigate their emerging role understandings. Prior to this study there had been few practical components in the compulsory undergraduate inclusive education subject which meant that previously student teachers gained theoretical knowledge without the opportunity to apply their learning. Many student teachers had expressed their feelings of anxiety and uneasiness about what they should do and say to a person with a disability. Thus, the community experiences were selected in order to give a specific context for student teachers’ learning and to provide participants with expanded opportunities to consider their professional identity, social awareness and acceptance of people with disabilities. iii An analysis of the data demonstrated the centrality of reflection within a situated teaching and learning framework. Understandings of prior experiences and motivation were shown to interact with the outcomes of the community experiences through an on-going process of reflection and reflexivity. This reconstructing process encouraged learners to reflect on past, present and projected future experiences and reframe actions from multiple perspectives as a way of exploring alternatives within broader contexts. The data reveal the participants’ engagement in the community experiences facilitated their awareness of wider socio-cultural educational issues, while focusing their attention on more appropriate inclusive teaching and learning strategies. The reflective inquiry process of identifying diverse issues led participants to consider other possible alternatives to current community practices for better ways to support their changing perspectives on ideal inclusive classroom practices. The dialogic nature of participants’ on-going deliberations contributed to the construction of their deeper understandings of an inclusive educator’s role. The findings of the study identified external environmental and internal personal factors as contributing biographical influences which shaped the student teachers’ emerging role understandings. The results emphasised the value of contextual influences in promoting desirable personal and professional qualities in student teachers. Importantly, situated learning enhanced participants’ unique interpretations of their prospective roles. As a result of analysing their insights from interactions in community contexts, the student teachers had increased their personal and professional understandings of individuals with disabilities and broadened their perceptions of their roles as inclusive educators. Thus, the study found that encouraging a biographical reflexive and reflective orientation in participants was conducive iv to facilitating changes in their understandings. Overall, the outcomes had benefits for student teachers and teacher educators in finding innovative ways for integrating biographical perspectives into situated teaching and learning approaches. The study showed that contextual influences facilitated deeper understanding of role identity and produced new ideas about the nature of reflexivity and reflection in guiding student teachers’ learning. (Note: Appendices not included in digital version of thesis)

The purpose of this study was to explore employee perceptions of performance appraisal in two public Technical Education Vocational Entrepreneurship and Training (TEVET) institutions located in the Southern Province of Zambia. This study followed a quantitative research approach using the census method to obtain data. Seventy-three (73) participants out of a total population of 129 at varying employment levels consented and participated in the study. A 59 item self-administered questionnaire was administered to obtain responses. The main conclusion from this study was that employees held positive attitudes about performance appraisal. The study found that the performance appraisal system was integrated into institutions’ culture and that the respondents were satisfied with the performance appraisal process and that 68% of the respondents agreed that the performance system in their institution was fair. However, concerns about the low frequency of appraisal meetings were noted. The frequency of performance evaluation on how well the employees were meeting their targets was mostly once in a year. This called for urgent attention by the management of the institutions to ensure that at least two appraisals were conducted in a year. The study also found evidence of rating standards varying from supervisor to supervisor. The study recommended that supervisor training in rating formed part a continuous process. These findings and the recommendations in this study are expected to be of benefit to the principals and supervisors in the institutions. The findings of the study contributed to the knowledge in the field of education management and leadership by providing empirical evidence about employee’s perceptions about performance appraisal in the two public TEVET institutions in Zambia.
Educational Leadership and Management
M. Ed. (Educational Management)

The Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) system in South Africa has undergone transformation. This includes the introduction of the National Certificate (Vocational) [NC (V)]. The literature on curriculum development and on the TVET college sector in South Africa informed a qualitative inquiry into the lecturers’ experiences of the implementation of the NC (V). The research site was the Tshwane South TVET College, Gauteng Province. Data were gathered by means of individual and focus group interviews with the Campus Manager, four Divisional Heads, and seven lecturers, selected by means of purposeful sampling. The findings were organised around the following key themes, namely the limited participation of the lecturers in curriculum design, the effectiveness of curriculum dissemination, the lecturers’ participation in curriculum review, their perceptions of the NC(V) entry level requirements, the NC(V)’s positioning on the NQF, assessment in the NC(V), the fit between the lecturers’ qualifications and the curriculum, the lecturers’ capacity-building, and finally, their perceptions of the involvement of the industry in the NC(V).
Educational Studies
M. Ed. (Comparative Education)

This interpretive study investigated South Australian participants' perceptions of their experiences of professional development and partnership through the Innovative Links Between Universities and Schools for Teacher Professional Development Project (Innovative Links Project). The researcher was one of the academic participants. Data were collected in the final eighteen months of the project using participant observation, the researcher's journal, interviews, document review and a written questionnaire. The data analysis revealed findings about three phases of the project: the initiation phase; the implementation phase; and the reviewing outcomes phase. The findings for the initiation phase were: 1. Many teachers in the selected schools, and teacher educators at the university, did not have the opportunity to participate in the project. 2. Most participants were motivated by personal reasons and a commitment to organisational and/or partnership goals. 3. Participants varied in the extent to which they knew about and had the opportunity to interpret project expectations at the local level. The findings for the implementation phase were: 1. There was wide variation in the extent to which participants valued professional discourse, critical reflection, action research and professional reading and writing as processes for school reform. 2. Some participants found it difficult to learn project processes quickly. 3. Most participants were not able to manage the demands of the project without extending their hours of work and workloads. 4. Some relationships developed within the project were undemocratic and inequitable in some respects. 5. Only some aspects of the contexts in which participants worked supported achievement of the project expectations, while others proved to be a hindrance. The findings about the reviewing outcomes phase were: 1. Participants learnt about improved teaching, learning and educational reform from working together, but some opportunities for reciprocal learning were missed. 2. Participants' ability to translate learning into educational improvement was impeded by contextual constraints. 3. Many participants found it difficult to determine whether improvement had occurred. 4. Most participants found that working in the partnerships enhanced their relationships and professional standing with other participants, but not with non participants. The findings illuminated four areas of complexity in the research and development partnerships that were studied. Firstly, the extent to which the implicit assumptions underpinning project expectations were congruent with the reality of the conditions impacting on participants influenced their achievement of the expectations. Secondly, the interaction of a complex array of personal, structural and cultural conditions supported or hindered participants' ability to achieve the project expectations. Thirdly, participants' experiences, and the conditions that influenced them, changed as they moved through the different phases of initiation, implementation and reviewing outcomes. Finally, the key challenges that were evident in the research and development partnerships were: developing equitable ownership within each organisation and the partnerships; managing the affective dimensions of research, development and partnership; reconceptualising and restructuring educators' work; reconciling disparate constructions of learning, teaching, research and reform; and facilitating reciprocal learning for teachers and academics. The areas of complexity illuminated by the study suggested a series of recommendations for ways that future school/university research and development partnerships might be improved.
thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 2002.

This dissertation is a qualitative study that focuses on ten pre-service teachers as students in an undergraduate teacher preparation program at a 4-year university in Texas and follows four of them into the classroom as novice teachers. The primary data consists of paired (auto)biographical dialogues, oral (her)story interviews, ethnographic classroom observations, and participant interviews. Cross-cultural insights provided by this work aim to inform multicultural approaches to teacher education and novice teacher induction by providing tools for identifying and integrating the cultural resources of maestras in school contexts. Participants in this study learn to become maestras in the home at an early age by contributing to the household and caring for others in various ways, including as bicultural brokers, translators, surrogate parents, and by tutoring relatives, family friends, and neighbors. The term maestra includes both Latina bilingual education pre-service (student) teachers and Latina novice (first- and second-year) teachers. Analysis indicates that the maestras draw upon their "funds of knowledge" or cultural resources as they formulate their philosophies of education in making decisions about majoring in bilingual education. This study also found that they relate their "pedagogies of the home" or cultural strategies for survival and lived experiences to the academic theories learned at the university and the knowledge gained through their classroom student teaching as they decide whether or not to pursue a career as bilingual education teachers after graduation. I argue that maestras are receptive to becoming critically conscious educators as they articulate their situatedness as gendered, raced, and classed Latinas. However their situatedness is not integrated with their teacher preparation or their novice teacher induction. U.S. public school culture does not understand or facilitate processes for maestras to create transformative practices. Thus the maestras in this study create their own on-the-ground consciousness raising. Implementing opportunities for maestras to uncover, reflect, discuss, and act upon their varied perspectives allows them to formulate culturally sensitive pedagogies for affirming diversity at every level in schools and in the larger society. Retaining highly qualified maestras is critical to increasing Latina/o students' opportunities for academic access and success through the Pre-K--16 educational pipeline.
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Abstract is in English, Zulu and Afrikaans
South Africa is facing a challenge regarding the shortage of South African (SA) engineers. The National Certificate (Vocational) (NC(V)) was introduced by Department of Education (DoE) in 2007 to address this challenge. However, there has been a cry and dissatisfaction from the government, industry, community and other stakeholders that NC(V) engineering curriculum is not addressing the shortage of engineers. SA has one engineer per 2 600 people compared to international norms, where one engineer serves 40 people. It has been ten years since the introduction of NC(V) curriculum, SA should not be in this state of importing engineers if the NC(V) engineering is achieving the goals of National Development Plan 2030. Since lecturers are the implementers of the NC(V) engineering curriculum, it was necessary to investigate their experiences in search for improvement of the curriculum and to find out the challenges facing lecturers which are hindering the success of this curriculum. Lecturers, Senior Lecturers and a Head of Department (HoD) as the primary implementers of the engineering curriculum were involved in the study as participants. There were 15 participants for this study who are lecturing in one selected college but at two different campuses which is why the qualitative research approach was employed, making use of a multiple case study. They took part in semi-structured individual interviews and shared their experiences with the researcher. Their experiences revealed that lecturers are experiencing challenges with the implementation of NC(V) engineering curriculum. Their main challenge was the minimum requirement, which is a Grade 9 pass. Their concern was that no matter what they try, a learner who has not mastered Mathematics up to Grade 12 will struggle with engineering subjects. Emanating from this challenge, low attendance rate, low pass rate, low throughput rate and high drop-out rate is experienced by participants every year. One of the aims of the Transformative Learning Theory (used as one of the theories in the theoretical framework) is to allow lecturers to identify challenges and design improvement plans on their own. This study has indicated that Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges have challenges that are hindering teaching and learning. It was evident that some lecturers believe that government officials should resolve such challenges. However, on engaging with different lecturers they realised that they have the capacity to address classroom-based challenges. If this can be the case in every college, teaching and learning will improve because that will mean lecturers are focusing on teaching and learning and taking ownership of their subjects and students. The governance challenges, such as reviewing the NC(V) curriculum yearly, provide subject specific training to upskill lecturers and implementing Work Integrated Learning (WIL) in the professional development of lecturers were recommended to be addressed by the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET).
INingizimu Afrika ibhekene nenselelo mayelana nokusweleka konjiniyela. Uhlelo lwemfundo iNational Certificate (Vocational) (NC(V)) lwethulwa wuMnyango wezeMfundo ngonyaka ka 2007 ukuze uxazulule le nkinga. Yize-kunjalo kuye kwaba khona ukungagculiseki ngasohlangothini lukahulumeni, lwezimboni, lomphakathi kanye nakwezinye izinhlaka ezidlala indima yenkinga yokuntuleka konjiniyela. INingizimu Afrika (SA) inonjiniyela oyedwa kubantu abayi 2 600 uma iqhathaniswa nezinga lomhlaba lokuthi unjiniyela oyedwa kufanele ibhekane nabantu abayi 40. Sekudlule iminyaka eyishumi selokhu kwethulwa lezi zinhlelo, ngakho-ke, iSA akufanele izithole isesimeni sokudinga onjiniyela abavela ngaphandle uma ngabe izinhlelo ezikhona ziyanceda ekufinyeleleni izimpokophelo zoHlelo lwezokuThuthukisa iZwe National Development Plan 2030. Njengoba abafundisi bangabaqhubi bezinhlelo zobunjiniyela, phecelezi NC(V), nokho sasikhona isidingo sokuphenya lokho abahlangabezana nakho ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinhlelo futhi kuvunjululwe izinselele ezibhekene nabafundisi, okuyizinselele ezikhinyabeza impumelelo yalezi zinhlelo. Abafundisi, abafundisi abaphezulu kanye neziNhloko zoMnyango Head of Department (HoD) njengabaqhubi bokuqala bezinhlelo bebebambe iqhaza kulolu cwaningo. Abadlalindima abayi 15 bebefundisa kwikholeji ekhethiwe, kodwa emagatsheni amabili ehlukene, lokho okwenza isizathu kusetshenziswe uhlelo locwaningo oluzinze kwizingxoxo, ngokusebenzisa izinhlobonhlobo zocwaningo lotho. Kwenziwe izinhlolovo ezimbaxambili zocwaningo kanti abadlalindima bavezele umcwaningi ulwazi lwabo. Baye baveza ukuthi behlangabezene nezingqinamba uma besebenzisa izinhlelo zobunjiniyela NC(V). Inselele enkulu abahlangabezene nayo kuye kwaba yisidingo sokuphumelela uGreyidi 9. Inkinga enkulu yabo ukuthi bethi bezama ngamandla kulokho abakwenzayo, umfundi owehluleke esifundweni seMethamethiki ukufikela kuGreyidi 12 uzohlangabezana nobunzima ukuze aphumelele ezifundweni zobunjiniyela. Okubhebhethekiswa yile nselele, yizinga eliphansi labafundi abahambela lesi sifundo, izinga eliphansi labafundi abaphumelelayo kanye nezinga eliphezulu labafundi abayeka ukufunda njalo nje ngonyaka. Enye yezinhloso zethiyori yemfundo eguqulayo (used as one of the theories in the theoretical framework) ukuvumela abafundisi ukuba bakwazi ukubona izinselele futhi badizayine izinhlelo zokuzithuthukisa ngokwabo. Lolu cwaningo luye lwaveza ukuthi amakholeji. Phecelezi Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges ahlangabezene nezinselele eziphazamisa uhlelo lokufunda nokufundisa. Kuye kwacaca ukuthi abanye abafundisi babekholelwa ekutheni abasebenzi bakahulumeni kufanele baxazulule izinselele ezinjengazo lezi. Yize-kunjalo, ngemuva kokuxoxisana nabafundisi abahlukahlukene, baye bazwisisa ukuthi banamandla okuqeda izinselele ezisemagunjini okufunda. Uma ngabe lokhu kuyenzeka ngempela kuwo wonke amakholeji, ngakho-ke uhlelo lokufunda nokufundisa luzothuthuka ngoba lokho kuzochaza ukuthi abafundisi bagxile ohlelweni lokufunda nokufundisa kanti ngokunjalo baba yibo abalawula izifundo kanye nabafundi babo. Izinselele zokuphatha, ezinjengokubuyekezwa kohlelo lwemfundo, phecelezi NC(V) njalo nje ngonyaka, lunikeza ukuqeqeshwa okuthile okuthuthukisa abafundisi. Ukulandela uhlelo lwemfundo oluhlangene nomsebenzi olumayelana nokuthuthukiswa ngokomsebenzi wabafundisi kuyinto enconywe ukuba ilungiswe uMnyango weMfundo ePhakeme kanye nokuQeqeshwa (Department of Higher Education and Training).
ʼn Tekort aan ambagslui staar Suid-Afrika in die gesig. Om hierdie rede het die Departement van Onderwys in 2007 die Nasionale Sertifikaat (Beroepsgerig) (NS(B)) ingestel. Tot die ontevredenheid van die regering, die bedryf, die gemeenskap en ander belanghebbendes vul hierdie kurrikulum nie die tekort aan nie. In Suid-Afrika is daar een ambagspersoon vir elke 2 600 mense teenoor die internasionale norm van een ambagspersoon per 40 mense. Hierdie kurrikulum is meer as tien jaar gelede ingestel en SA moet tans ambagslui invoer. Die oogmerke van die Nasionale Ontwikkelingsplan 2030 word dus nie verwesenlik nie. Aangesien dosente die NS(B) kurrikulum vir werktuigkundiges implementeer, moes hulle belewenisse ondersoek en hulle probleme bepaal word om die kurrikulum te verbeter. Dosente, senior dosente en departementshoofde, as die implementeerders van hierdie kurrikulum, het aan die studie deelgeneem. Die 15 deelnemers is verbonde aan een kollege wat twee kampusse het. Daarom is ʼn kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering gevolg en ʼn veelvuldige gevallestudie gebruik. ʼn Halfgestruktureerde onderhoud is met elke deelnemer gevoer. Uit die onderhoude blyk dat dosente moeite met die implementering van die NS(B) kurrikulum ondervind. Die grootste struikelblok is die minimumvereiste van Graad 9. Al doen hulle ook wat, ʼn leerder wat nie Graad 12-wiskunde geslaag het nie, sal tegniese vakke nie kan bemeester nie. Afgesien hiervan is die bywonings- en slaagsyfer sowel as die omset jaar na jaar laag en die uitsaksyfer hoog. Die transformatiewe leerteorie is deel van die teoretiese raamwerk. Die oogmerk hiervan is dat dosente self probleme aantoon en met verbeteringsplanne kom. In hierdie studie is bevind dat kolleges vir tegniese beroepsgerigte onderwys en opleiding (TBOO) met probleme te kampe het wat onderrig en leer belemmer. Sommige dosente is van mening dat staatsamptenare hierdie probleme moet oplos. Ná gesprekke het talle dosente egter besef dat hulle oor die vermoë beskik om self hulle klaskamerprobleme op te los. As dit van alle kolleges waar is, sal onderrig en leer verbeter omdat dosente hulle op onderrig en leer sal toespits en vir hulle vakke en studente verantwoordelik sal wees. Vakopleiding word gegee om aan bestuursprobleme, soos die jaarlikse hersiening van die NS(B)-leerplan, die hoof te bied. Daar word aanbeveel dat die Departement van Hoër Onderwys en Opleiding toesien dat werkgeïntegreerde leer deel uitmaak van dosente se professionele ontwikkeling.
Curriculum and Instructional Studies
M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

The TVET colleges in South Africa contribute to the social and economic development of the country. It is for this reason that TVET colleges are expected to provide quality teaching and learning, but this core business of the colleges has been hampered by a lack of professional development or irrelevant professional development of lecturers. The study aims to investigate the relevance of professional development offered at a selected TVET college in the Free-State province and the improvement thereof. The study employed a qualitative research design involving 22 participants. The participants comprised of two executive managers, two campus managers, four heads of department, six senior lecturers and eight lecturers. The participants were purposively selected using purposive sampling. Face-to-face semistructured interviews were conducted to collect data from managers and two focus group interviews were employed to collect data from lecturers. The findings of the study revealed that there is a need for relevant professional development of lecturers at the selected TVET college. The most important recommendation with the potential to change the situation at the studied college is that the planning, organising, leading and control of professional development need to be done more professionally. If managers utilise management functions (planning, organising, leading and control) properly to manage lecturer’s professional development, lecturers will be in a better position to provide quality teaching. Other relevant recommendations are also provided.
Educational Management and Leadership
M. Ed. (Education Management)

Orientação: Rui Trindade ; Co-orientação: Alcina Manuela de Oliveira Martins
Esta investigação realizou-se junto de formandos de uma instituição de formação inicial no âmbito da supervisão de estágios do mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar, abordando-se a supervisão como estratégia formativa, o que, contrariando uma visão tradicionalmente associada à ideia de inspeção e avaliação, se explica em função da necessidade de se contribuir para a construção da profissionalização dos futuros educadores de infância como profissionais reflexivos. Daí que o trabalho de reflexão teórica, em função do qual se delimitou o espaço concetual onde se situa esta tese, se tenha debruçado sobre o campo dos modelos de supervisão e do seu contributo para a formação de educadores de infância como profissionais reflexivos. O estudo empírico enquadra-se numa abordagem qualitativa, identificando-se com o paradigma fenomenológico-interpretativo, sendo a questão de investigação que norteou este trabalho, aquela através da qual se pergunta: Quais as implicações, do ponto de vista das estratégias supervisivas a promover, de um modelo de supervisão reflexivo no âmbito de um projeto de formação inicial de educadores de infância? A análise dos dados desta investigação revelou terem sido determinantes as atitudes e a ação da supervisora institucional, aliada à mobilização de determinadas estratégias e aos dispositivos supervisivos cujo impacto terá que ser compreendido, ainda, à luz de um ambiente de colaboração que conduziu à criação do que pode ser identificado como uma comunidade de aprendizagem, a qual contribuiu para o desenvolvimento da partilha e da reflexão crítica sobre as práticas de todos e de cada um. Neste sentido, esta tese poderá ser abordada em função do seu contributo para se identificarem as propriedades de um modelo de supervisão reflexivo como um instrumento passível de ser mobilizado em programas de formação inicial de educadores de infância e de professores.
This research was conducted on the scope of pedagogical supervision of internships of the master program of pre-school education, where supervision is understood as a formative strategy - rather than as a traditional perspective of inspection and evaluation – that responds to the need of constructing a professionalization of future early childhood educators as reflexive professional. Participants were trainees from an institution of Initial teacher’s training. Hence, theoretical frameworks mobilized for this thesis are located in the field of supervision models and contributes for early childhood educators training as reflexive professionals. The empirical study is framed in a qualitative approach identified with a phenomenological-interpretative paradigm, guided by a research question: What are the implications of a reflexive supervision model in a project of early childhood educators initial training, from a supervision strategies point of view? Data analysis has revealed the determining role of attitudes and actions from the institutional supervisor, alongside the use of specific strategies and supervision devices have been. This impact must be understood in the light of a cooperation environment that lead to the creation of a learning community that contributed to sharing and critical reflection on everyone’s practices. In this sense, this thesis could be seen as contribute to identify properties of reflexive supervision model as an instrument able to be used in initial training programs of early childhood educators and teachers.

Three case studies are presented here to demonstrate some effective professional learning approaches set in remote contexts. Through the use of case studies, this chapter illustrates and discusses how remote workforce training is conducted in the school education sector in remote northern Australia. Workforce training in this chapter is geared towards professional learning required to build the capacity of school leaders located a long way from urban and city locations. Each case study focuses upon the interplay between the quality of professional learning opportunities available to remotely located participants and the use of technologies to support learning in remote locations. Issues emerging from the case studies are discussed, with particular attention paid to the enabling nature of the selected technologies. The chapter concludes by proposing some future directions and potential research activities.

Nepal, Bangladesh, and Indian education sectors suffer from limited foreign collaborations; less research orientation; redundant and obsolete curricula; and less relevance of courses with job opportunities available. Especially in the case of India, few initiatives were taken to improve quality of education. India adopted new education policy that opened the doors to strategic collaboration with international universities, as India has begun to concentrate on vocational education and training for the first time. This research examines the scope and restrictions of institutional partnerships between India, other SAARC nations, and Australian higher education institutions. This study is based on the analysis of data presented in the different case studies like Rajasthan Royals and Deakin Australian Universities, IIT Bombay and Monash Australian, Indian Academy of Science and Innovation Research (AcSIR) and RMIT Australian University.