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Geest, Trijntje Teixeira de Lima van den. "Vocalization in saxophone class." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15343.
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Mestrado em Ensino de MúsicaInitiating saxophone students often demonstrate difficulties in playing with a consistent sound. In addition, many initiating music students demonstrate difficulties with imagining the music before they play it. Consequently, their performances lack musical interpretation. The aim of this educational project is to develop a vocalization method in order to help initiating saxophone students to improve their tone quality and the use of articulation and dynamics, by singing and playing with vowels and consonants.
Alunos iniciantes de saxofone demonstram por vezes dificuldade na aquisição de um timbre consistente. Associada a esta dificuldade observa-se também uma falta de imaginação musical o que pode ter uma influência direta na performance. O objetivo deste projeto educacional é o desenvolvimento de um método que pretende ajudar alunos de saxofone a enriquecer o seu timbre e a melhorar o seu uso da articulação e das dinâmicas através de exercícios cantados com vogais e consoantes.
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Hazlett, Emily G. "Vocalization processing across amygdalar populations." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1563885605313261.
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Ferreira, Marna. "Evolutionary implications of variation in the calling song of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer (Orthoptera : Gryllidae)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23394.
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Soendjoto, Mochamad Arief. "Vocalization behavior of captive loggerhead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides)." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23427.
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Vocalization behavior of captive loggerhead shrikes was studied at the Avian Science and Conservation Centre of McGill University. In the first stage, calls of two pairs kept in indoor cages were individually recorded not only to catalogue these calls spectrographically and quantitatively but also to use them in identifying the birds sexually. Males vocalized 21 call figures for 16.50% of the observation time and females, 8 call figures for 2.64% of the observation time. Males contiguously delivered 1 to 11 bouts with a mean of 7.25 min for a rate of 6.06 bouts/h; females delivered 1 to 9 bouts with a mean of 4.07 min for a rate of 1.27 bouts/h. Males not only vocalized at a higher rate and longer than females, but also demonstrated trill calls which the females did not do. In the second stage, five pairs were paired in large outdoor breeding pens. Their calls were recorded and current visual displays observed in an effort to understand calls related to breeding behaviors. Two new calls figures vocalized by males as well as 2 call figures by young shrikes were recorded. Each male demonstrated distinctive calls that differed from those of other males during nest-site selection, nest building and copulation, but similar calls during food offering, aggressive and alarm behavior. Despite the call differences, all males performed similar visual displays during the above activities. Conversely, breeding females gave no calls, other than harsh calls during food offering, food begging, aggressive and alarm behaviors.
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Coveyduck, Susan. "Vocalization and its effect on the intonation of a beginning instrumentalist." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0004/MQ34934.pdf.
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Boisseau, Oliver, and n/a. "The acoustic behaviour of resident bottlenose dolphins in Fiordland, New Zealand." University of Otago. Department of Marine Science, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060728.140213.
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The bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus is an extremely well-studied species. We have an extensive knowledge of certain aspects of their vocal behaviour, particularly from captive contexts. Bottlenose dolphins produce a rich tapestry of vocalisations, however, which have historically received minimal attention. Resident groups of bottlenose dolphins frequent the waterways of Fiordland in southwest New Zealand. These deep, sheltered fiords are ideally suited for acoustic studies.
This thesis presents the first detailed study of bottlenose dolphin acoustics in New Zealand. Both narrowband and broadband systems were used to record the vocalisations of two resident groups. Effort was distributed evenly over three years for both Doubtful Sound and Milford Sound. From 875 recordings, I proposed a repertoire of 15 discrete calls. These categories were subsequently compared using parameters measured from almost 2000 individual vocalisations. Various multivariate techniques revealed some redundancy in the proposed repertoire, and it was subsequently reduced to 12 calls.
The 12 call repertoire was compared between the potentially interbreeding populations of Doubtful Sound and Milford Sound. Fiord-specificity was revealed for many of the calls, particularly the sequenced calls and whistles. These differences suggest bottlenose dolphins use dialects, in keeping with studies of killer whales and sperm whales. As Fiordland dolphins are out of sight for 90% of the time, acoustic techniques allow inference in to subsurface behaviour. I investigated sequential relationships among sounds and between sounds and behaviours. Many calls were strongly implicated in social interactions. The vocalisations ratchet, orca and the sequenced calls were associated with periods of conflict. A number of the click-based calls were linked to diving and presumed foraging events.
Inference on the functional significance of sounds allowed an interpretation of habitat use. This appears to be the first study relating the entire vocal repertoire of a cetacean population to a complete home range. Areas important for socialising, foraging and resting are proposed. Local management decisions may be well served by this information. This study uses benign techniques to build on previous research in Fiordland, and adds a new dimension to the study of these populations.
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Maiwald, Patrick [Verfasser]. "The vocalization of semivowels in medieval English : a quantitative study / Patrick Maiwald." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1140734989/34.
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Rodrigues, Vanessa Filipa Santos. "Vocalization repertoires variation of Red-billed Chough (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) population in Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/21457.
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Mestrado em Ecologia AplicadaEcological changes in the habitats, induced by climate change or the new paradigms of land use, have had enormous effects in the distribution of species, from the fragmentation of the populations to changes on the genome and/or their behavior. In the case of birds, these constraints may cause changes in vocal repertoires among isolated populations. It was recently confirmed that the two last populations of Red-billed Chough (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) resident in Portugal (populations of the Serra d'Aire e Candeeiros and Sagres) have an apparent gene-flow restriction, suggesting an isolation that is not explained only by the geographical distance that separates them. In fact, the species has a high dispersion capacity which can not itself justify this restriction of genes between these two populations. Being the species a corvid with a high cognitive capacity and gregarious species, the communication between individuals becomes a vital point to its survival. This work intends to investigate if the gene-flow restriction is due to a social segregation that can be reflected in the variations of the vocal repertoire between the two populations. The aim of this study was to describe and try to understand the main differences between the two populations, as well as possible variations among individuals of the same population (in this case, only in Serra d'Aire e Candeeiros). The results showed that the two studied populations have different repertoires, were described five call types from the population in the Serra d'Aire e Candeeiros and only four in the population of Sagres, thus not existing an evident common vocal repertoire between both populations. It was verified that among the populations the greatest differences are in the duration, maximum frequency and final frequency, where the population from Sagres has smaller durations and maximum frequencies and a higher final frequency than the population from Serra d'Aire e Candeeiros. In the case of the differences between individuals analysed at the intra-population level, these showed individual variations, namely peak frequency and ascending time. Overall, the results seem to corroborate the thesis that the genetic isolation of these populations can be attributed to communication and social barriers.
As mudanças no estado ecológico dos habitats, induzidas por alterações climáticas e/ou por novos paradigmas dos usos do solo, têm tido inúmeras consequências na distribuição das espécies, desde a fragmentação das populações, passando por mudanças no genoma e no seu comportamento. No caso das aves, estes constrangimentos poderão traduzir-se em mudanças nos repertórios vocais entre populações isoladas. Recentemente, confirmou-se que as duas últimas populações de Gralha de Bico Vermelho (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) residentes em Portugal (populações da Serra d’Aire e Candeeiros e de Sagres) apresentam uma aparente restrição de fluxo genético entre si, sugerindo um isolamento que não se explica apenas pela distância geográfica que as separa. De facto, a espécie apresenta uma elevada capacidade de dispersão o que não pode, só por si, justificar esta restrição de genes. Sendo a espécie um corvídeo com uma elevada capacidade cognitiva e gregária a comunicação entre indivíduos torna-se vital à sua sobrevivência. Este trabalho pretende investigar se a restrição do fluxo genético se deve a uma segregação social que pode refletir-se nas variações do repertório vocal entre as duas populações. Com este intuito, o presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever e tentar compreender quais as principais diferenças entre as duas populações, bem como possíveis variações entre indivíduos de uma mesma população (neste último caso apenas na Serra d’Aire e Candeeiros). Os resultados demonstraram que as duas populações estudadas exibiram repertórios diferentes, com a existência de cinco tipos de vocalizações para a população da Serra na Serra d’Aire e Candeeiros e apenas quatro na população de Sagres, não havendo uma partilha evidente de entre tipos de vocalização comuns a ambas as populações. Verificou-se que entre as populações as maiores diferenças estão na duração, frequência máxima e frequência final, sendo que na população de Sagres as vocalizações têm durações e frequências máximas menores e a frequência final maior que as da população de Serra d’Aire e Candeeiros. No caso das diferenças entre indivíduos analisados ao nível intra-populacional, estes mostraram variações individuais nomeadamente na frequência de pico e do tempo de ascensão. Globalmente, os resultados parecem corroborar a tese de que o isolamento genético destas populações pode ser imputável também a barreiras comunicacionais e sociais.
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Scherer, Nancy J., A. Lynn Williams, and Kerry Proctor-Williams. "Early and Later Vocalization Skills in Children with and Without Cleft Palate." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1774.
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Summary
Objective
The purpose of this study was to describe the early vocalization skills in children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) at 6 and 12 months of age and compare these early vocalization measures to later speech and vocabulary development at 30 months of age.
Methods
The participants in the study included 13 children without cleft lip or palate (NCLP) who were typically developing and 13 children with CLP matched for age, gender and socioeconomic status. Standardized measures of cognition, language, hearing, and prelinguistic vocalization measures were administered at 6 and 12 months and speech production, and vocabulary measures were collected at 30 months of age.
Results
Group differences were observed in both receptive and expressive language development at 12 and 30 months of age. Group differences were observed in the frequency of babbling and Mean Babbling Level at 12 months and speech sound accuracy and vocabulary production at 30 months of age. Significant correlation coefficients were observed between babbling frequency at 6 months and consonant inventory size, vocabulary at 30 months for the children with clefts and PCC-R for noncleft children.
Conclusions
This study documented that young children with clefts have persistent vocalization and vocabulary deficits well beyond palate closure. Measures of babbling frequency, Mean Babbling Level and consonant inventories provide clinically effective means of identifying these early deficits. Additionally, these measures may provide a tool for monitoring the effects of early intervention programs that promote facilitation of sound and vocabulary development.
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Burgdorf, Jeffrey. "THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF 50-KHZ VOCALIZATIONS IN RATS." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1131386335.
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Grašytė, Gintarė. "Žvirblinės pelėdos (Glaucidium passerinum L.) buveinių pasirinkimas ir vokalizacijos sąlygos." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20140704_171934-73661.
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Žvirblinė pelėda yra plačiai paplitusi, tačiau visame areale saugoma rūšis. ES šalyse šios rūšies apsaugai steigiamos specialios saugomos teritorijos, kuriose pagal Paukščių direktyvą vykdomas rūšies monitoringas. Tačiau iki šiol nėra kiekybiškai analizuotos žvirblinės pelėdos buveinės bei nežinoma, kokiomis sąlygomis ši pelėda dažniausiai vokalizuoja. Todėl šio tyrimo tikslas buvo išanalizuoti žvirblinės pelėdos buveinių pasirinkimą ir vokalizacijos sąlygas. Žvirblinės pelėdos makrobuveinės (200 ha kvadratai, kuriuose 2005-2011 m. buvo fiksuotos žvirblinės pelėdos) darbo metu buvo palygintos su atsitiktinai parinktomis teritorijomis. Nustatyta, kad žvirblinė pelėda teikia pirmenybę didesniam miško plotui makrobuveinėje (82 % ± 18 % SD, n = 178), taip pat eglynams (21 % ± 14 % SD, n = 160) ir brandiems miškams (33 % ± 14 % SD, n = 160), tačiau vengia minkštųjų lapuočių (baltalksnių, tuopų ir gluosnių) medynų (2 % ± 4 % SD, n = 160). Žvirblinės pelėdos buveinių pasirinkimas skyrėsi skirtinguose Lietuvos subregionuose. Nerasta nė vieno kintamojo, kuris būtų svarbus visuose subregionuose. Natūrali žvirblinės pelėdos vokalizacija buvo registruojama 2001-2011 metais, žiemos – pavasario ir rudens – žiemos sezonais. Vokalizacijos datos skirtingais metais skyrėsi, tačiau vidutinė vokalizacijos data žiemos – pavasario sezonu buvo kovo 20 d. (n = 117), rudens – žiemos sezonu – spalio 12 d. (n = 42). Nustatyta, kad pagrindiniai pelėdos vokalizacijai įtaką darantys veiksniai yra... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The Eurasian Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium passerinum L.) is a widely distributed and protected species all over its distribution range. There are special protected areas in EU countries, where species’ monitoring is carried out under EU Birds directive. However, there is a lack in quantitative data on species macrohabitat, habitat preferences, and vocalization conditions. This thesis addresses these issues. The Eurasian Pygmy Owl macrohabitats – squares of 200 ha, where territorial owls were located in 2005 - 2011 – were compared with randomly selected 200 ha squares. It was ascertained that the Pygmy Owl prefers forest (82 % ± 18 % SD, n = 178) with spruce (21 % ± 14 % SD, n = 160) and mature stands (33 % ± 14 % SD, n = 160) in its macrohabitats. It avoids deciduous trees like the Grey Alder, poplar and willow (2 % ± 4 % SD, n = 160). On the other hand, the Eurasian Pygmy Owl inhabits various types of forests in distinct sub-regions of Lithuania. There was no single variable, which was more important than others for the species habitat use in three analysed sub-regions, however, different preferred/avoided variables emerged. Natural Eurasian Pygmy Owl vocalization was registered 2001 - 2011, during two seasons per year. The date of vocalization varied between years, however, the average date of owl vocalization was 20th of March in winter - spring season (n = 117) and 12th of October in autumn - winter season (n = 42). It was found, that the key factors affecting the Eurasian Pygmy... [to full text]
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Hosemann, Aimee Jean. "EFFECTS OF HABITAT DENSITY AND OTHER VARIABLES ON THE FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY OF THE NONHUMAN PRIMATE LONG CALL." OpenSIUC, 2008. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/414.
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Long calls are highly stereotyped calls used by primates to communicate across distances; the function of these calls has been debated. Goustard (1983:405) defines them as " ... an extended utterance which has a high degree of structural organization." Habitat structure has been considered a shaping force of the acoustic structure of nonhuman primate long calls as part of the local adaptation hypothesis (Brown et al. 1995). This study examines the effect of phylogeny, habitat density, diet, and social and mating systems as seen through the structure of the fundamental frequency (the lowest frequency of the call; Rogers 2000; Ey, Pfefferle, and Fischer 2007). Results of ANOVA and post hoc tests indicate there are both phylogenetic and habitat-related influences in the acoustic structure of the first phrase (first part of the long call separated from the next by a discrete break). Dietary preferences and social and mating systems are also correlated with acoustic structure.
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Xia, Lu. "FATHERS' LANGUAGE INFLUENCE ON THEIR SIX-MONTH-OLD INFANTS' VOCALIZATION DURING FREE-PLAY." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2142.
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Data for this study were derived from videotapes of 26 father-infant dyads, specifically from a five minute period of free-play. The first step was the creation of a literal transcription of the father-infant dyads interaction. Subsequently, nine variables of fathers' language characteristics and one infant characteristic were coded employing the literal transcriptions and observing the videotapes. The fathers' language variables were number of : (1) father utterances, (2) father words, (3) father contingent responses, (4) father teaching utterances, (5) father descriptive teaching utterances, (6) father directive teaching utterances - making commands, (7) father directive teaching utterance  asking questions, (8) percentage of father teaching utterances, and (9) mean length of father utterances (MLU). The infant variable was number of vocalizations. Eight out of the nine variables were positively correlated to infant vocalizations, indicating the importance of fathers input in child language development. The only negative correlation in the present study was between Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) and infant vocalizations and the possible reasons are discussed. The findings support the idea that there are positive relationships between fathers' language characteristics and infant vocalizations. Recommendations are made that fathers should be involved in early intervention programs.M.A.
Department of Child, Family and Community Sciences
Education
Early Childhood Development and Education MS
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Scherer, Nancy J., Sarah Boyce, and Gerri Martin. "Pre-Linguistic Children with Cleft Palate: Growth of Gesture, Vocalization, and Word Use." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1534.
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Children with cleft lip and/or palate show early delays in speech and vocabulary development that may have an impact on later communication and social development. While delays in the complexity of babbling may put children at risk for later delays in speech and language development, there is considerable variability in development. This study focused on the rate of children's communication acts, canonical vocalizations, and word use as they made the transition from the pre-linguistic to linguistic development. The study included 15 children with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palatewho were seen at three time points between 17–34 months age. Communication rates were calculated from parent–child language samples collected during play activities. Assignment to linguistic stages was based on the children's expressive vocabulary, as reported on the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory: Words and Sentences. From the pre-linguistic to linguistic level, the children's average rate per minute of: communicative acts overall increased significantly from 1.49 to 3.07 per minute; canonical vocalizations from 0.21 to 0.90 per minute; and word usefrom 0.16 to 3.61 per minute. Rates of communicative acts were associated with later word use. It appears that children with clefts rely on non-verbal communicative acts when verbal development is delayed.
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Chehayeb, Diala. "Factors affecting amphetamine-induced 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in adult rats." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112388.
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Adult rats produce two main types of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), occurring at 22 and 50 kHz USVs. These calls are associated with aversive and rewarding stimuli, respectively. The neural mechanism of amphetamine-induced calling was examined in lesion and antagonist studies. We also tested whether amphetamine-induced 50 kHz USVs could predict individual differences in intravenous self-administration or conditioned place preference behavior. Further experiments examined whether 50 kHz USVs could be evoked by amphetamine-conditioned sensory stimuli and by rewarding electrical brain stimulation. Overall, our experimental findings: (1) identify certain experimental conditions that increase amphetamine-induced 50 kHz calling, (2) provide evidence that these calls may be dependent on mesolimbic dopaminergic transmission, (3) relate individual differences in 50 kHz vocalizing to other behavioural measures of drug reward, and (4) show that in some situations, 50 kHz calls reflect anticipation of expected rewards.
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Kulander, Olivia Clare. "Whence and Whither: Acoustic Variability and Biogeography of Tarsiers in North Sulawesi." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4360.
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The morning duet calls of eastern tarsiers (Tarsius spp.) in North Sulawesi were recorded and analyzed to examine the effects of geography and geologic history on their call structure. Tarsius species exhibit interspecifically variable duet calls shown to correlate with species differentiation and distribution. They are distributed across Sulawesi, a biogeographically complex island in the Indonesian archipelago, where tectonic activity and multiple glaciations during the Pleistocene generated and modified barriers to their dispersal and gene flow.
Recordings were made at ten locations from November of 2012 through June of 2014. Two locations were categorized as mainland, while eight island locations were categorized as either shallow or deep, according to the distance and bathymetric depth separating them from the mainland. The first hypothesis was that tarsier calls on islands separated by depths of less than 130 meters would be more strongly correlated to calls found on the mainland than would the calls from islands separated by deeper water, due to dispersal and possible hybridizations during glaciations. There was a higher degree of similarity between the mainland locations and the shallow water islands than was found between the deep water islands and either shallow water islands or the mainland.
The second hypothesis was that a stepping stone pattern of colonization would be evidenced in the acoustic structure of tarsiers from the Sangihe Arc, with each island showing vocalizations more similar to its immediate neighbors than to other islands. Since tarsiers were not found to be present on two of the islands, it was not possible to trace the entire arc as planned. It was found, however, that Sangihe (the largest island and the farthest north of the islands) was the most acoustically unique, as expected.
Both genetic drift and environmental factors play a role in evolving animal communication, but I hypothesize that it is more likely the former at work in this case, as the habitats are similar, and I found no strong evidence of short term habitat adaptations or frequency partitioning. The spectral and temporal structure of the duet calls on the mainland and shallow water islands showed no clear geographical bias or patterns, suggesting that panmixia and hybridization during recurring glaciations may function in preventing subdivisions among the populations.
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Irlandini, Isabella Azevedo. "A voz no teatro de animação : artificialidade e síntese vocal." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2013. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1276.
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This research focuses on the voice in Puppet Theater a term that embraces different kinds of performances, characterized by hybridity and the dynamics of the animate/inanimate present in Puppet Theater, Mask Theater, Shadow Puppetry, Visual Theater, etc. The voice is approached, in Puppet Theater, as a creator of presence and meaning, according to Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht s theory of presence production. I investigate how the voice can generate presence in relation to specific Puppet Theater poetics. The voice, in singular, refers to its essence as an oscillation between presence and meaning. However, since the voice unfolds itself in different cultural, poetic and historical contexts, actually the voice is plural in its several manifestations. By setting out the following problem, when voice is in Puppet Theater? , I seek to identify poetics that are also defined by its voice presence. Once identified such poetics, I seek to distinguish the voice s generating and constituting elements that establish it as presence and meaning, in relation to its poetics. During the investigation, I contemplate authors and artists that reflect about the use of voice in Puppet Theater and research their procedures, as well as those who treat it as a background to or even outlaw it from the scene. I survey the bibliography on the subject, bring examples from national and international performances seen in the last three years in Brazil, and use material drawn from interviews, seminars and courses realized in this period. Along this research, some recurring vocal procedures in Puppet Theater are individuated, and in some cases, these revealed themselves as specific to an art form characterized by the separation between the puppet-object and its sound source. During the investigation I came to realize that, although the Brazilian Puppet Theater quite often uses speech in its performances, there is significant absence of voice as I have defined above: voice as an oscillation between presence and meaning. Based on Adriana Cavarero s philosophical studies, which describe the de- vocalization process of a civilization centered in the logos (understood as reason), I realized that this process is mirrored by the Puppet Theater scene. The twentieth century emerges as a century in which performances are based on the sense of vision, promoted by a civilization centered on the image. The sense of vision has taken over all the other senses, promoting the de-vocalization of the logos, leading to a de-vocalization of the scene. The aim with this research is to - identify the vocal havens and to investigate the procedures that establish this oscillation between presence and meaning in Puppet Theater s voice, in relation to its poetics. This purpose is key to the re-vocalization in contemporary Brazilian Puppet Theater.
Esta pesquisa trata a voz no Teatro de Animação - termo que abraça diversas formas espetaculares híbridas centradas na dinâmica do animado/inanimado, como o teatro de bonecos, de máscaras, de sombras, visual, etc. A voz é abordada, no Teatro de Animação, como produtora de presença e sentido, conforme a teoria de produção de presença de Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht. Investigo como a voz gera presença numa relação com determinada poética no âmbito do Teatro de Animação. A voz no singular refere-se à sua essência como oscilação entre presença e sentido. Todavia, como a voz surge em diferentes contextos culturais e poéticos, ou seja, históricos, a voz na realidade é plural nas suas diversas manifestações. A partir da questão quando a voz é no Teatro de Animação? , procuro identificar poéticas que engendram o princípio pelo qual a voz é. Uma vez identificada a poética, busco distinguir os elementos que geram e constituem a voz, instaurando-a como presença e sentido, numa relação com a sua poética. Na investigação, contemplo autores e artistas que refletem sobre o uso da voz no teatro de animação e exploram seus procedimentos, assim como aqueles que a relegam a segundo plano ou mesmo a banem da cena. Faço um levantamento bibliográfico do assunto, recorro a exemplos de espetáculos nacionais e internacionais assistidos nos últimos três anos no Brasil e utilizo material colhido em entrevistas, seminários e cursos realizados nesse período. Durante a exposição desta pesquisa são individuados procedimentos recorrentes de uso da voz no Teatro de Animação que, em alguns casos, revelaram-se como específicos da linguagem cuja característica é a separação entre boneco-objeto e fonte sonora. Durante a investigação, constato que, embora a voz seja muito utilizada em cena no Teatro de Animação no Brasil, há uma significante ausência da voz como a defino acima: voz como oscilação entre presença e sentido. A partir dos estudos filosóficos de Adriana Cavarero, que descreve um processo de desvocalização numa civilização centrada no logos entendido como razão, chego à conclusão de que esse processo se espelha na cena do teatro de animação. O século XX desponta como um século cuja espetacularidade teatral é calcada na visão, reflexo de uma civilização centrada na imagem, em que o sentido da visão tem primazia sobre os outros sentidos, promovendo a desvocalização do logos, levando a uma desvocalização na cena. Tal conclusão faz com que o propósito da pesquisa - identificação dos redutos vocais e investigação dos procedimentos que instauram uma oscilação de presença e sentido na voz no Teatro de Animação, numa relação com as poéticas - seja fundamental para a revocalização da cena no Teatro de Animação contemporâneo no Brasil.
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Lea, Brian N. "Ultrasonic vocalization in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) : evidence for begging behavior in infant mammals? /." Electronic version (PDF), 2006. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2006/leab/brianlea.pdf.
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Carrion, Deva P. "Examining the utility of implementing stimulus-stimulus pairing as the first step to build and echoic repertoire." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6386.
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The present study investigated the use of stimulus-stimulus pairing (SSP) as the first step to build an echoic repertoire with children with no vocal communication skills. We began with echoic probes to establish the child did not have the target sound in their echoic repertoire, then implemented SSP to increase the rate of the target vocalization, and systematically added direct reinforcement, and a delay, until the participant responded in 80% of trials; we then implemented echoic training. We conducted this procedure with 3 young children with autism. This procedure was effective for one of three participants, and her echoic learning history immediately generalized to other sounds. For the other two participants, SSP increased the rate of vocalizations; however, they did not respond in enough trials to move to echoic training before withdrawing from the study. This study provides preliminary evidence for the use of SSP as part of echoic training for children with limited functional communication.
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Le, Roux Aliza. "The alarm vocalizations of Brants' whistling rat, Parotomys Brantsii." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52481.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The alarm calls of a colonial rodent, Brants' whistling rat (Parotomys brantsii), were investigated at Goegap Nature Reserve in the Northern Cape, South Africa. At this site P. brantsii occurs in sympatry with the congeneric P. littledalei, and the alarm calls in response to humans was compared between the two species. Parotomys brantsii's typical call in reaction to a human is a simple whistle, characterized by an initial upward frequency sweep and high frequency plateau, whereas the alarm whistle of P. littledalei has three overlapping components. Parotomys littledalei's calls are significantly shorter and lower in dominant frequency than those of P. brantsii, and have a significantly wider frequency bandwidth. These distinctions were attributed to species discrimination and habitat preferences. The acoustic adaptation hypothesis is supported in part, as P. littledalei, which inhabits a closed habitat in comparison with P. brantsii, has calls which are lower in frequency than P. brantsii calls, but contrary to the hypothesis, P. brantsii calls show less frequency modulation than those of P. littledalei. The high pitch of both species' vocalizations may be a convergent feature making the callers difficult for predators to locate. The alarm call repertoire of P. brantsii was investigated by presenting members of the P. brantsii colony with models of some typical predators, a raptor and puff adder, as well as a human observer. Virtually no variation was detected in the structure of alarm whistles elicited by different predators, indicating that P. brantsii did not identify different predator types by means of vocalizations, even though behavioural responses showed that P. brantsii do distinguish between different predators and non-predators. Note duration varied in conjunction with the physical reaction of the caller. When the caller bolted towards safety, the whistle was significantly shorter than when it remained aboveground. During an encounter with a snake or far-off human the caller would utter relatively long duration calls, signifying a low-risk situation, while highrisk situations such as a nearby human or raptor provoked short calls, emitted just before the whistling rat bolted underground. I regard P. brantsii's alarm call repertoire as a graded "urgency-based" system, indicating threat level perceived rather than predator type. This system is widespread among ground squirrels and is usually associated with animals inhabiting a two-dimensional environment. Playback experiments were conducted to determine the meaning of alarm calls to conspecifics, focusing specifically on the effect of variation in single call duration and function of alarm-calling bouts. All alarm calls induced heightened vigilance in receivers, but the behavioural response did not differ between short and long single calls. Multiple calls lead to significantly longer periods of high vigilance than single calls even after calling bouts have ended, showing that one of the functions of multiple calls is to maintain high vigilance in conspecifics for relatively long periods. The non-iconic nature of their alarm calls and the undiscriminating response of receivers to different calls emphasizes the importance of contextual clues in the communication system of animals living in an open habitat like that of P. brantsii.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die alarm-roepgeluide van 'n koloniale knaagdier, Brants se fluitrot (Parotomys brantsii), is ondersoek by Goegap Natuurreservaat in the Noordkaap, Suid-Afrika, waar hulle simpatries voorkom met die naverwante P. littledalei. Die species se alarmroepe in reaksie op mense is met mekaar vergelyk. Die tipiese alarmroep van P. brantsii is 'n eenvoudige fluit, gekenmerk deur 'n aanvanklike skerp frekwensiestyging en hoë-frekwensie plato. Parotomys littledalei se fluitroep het drie komponente wat mekaar gedeeltelike oordek. Parotomys littledalei se roepgeluide is beduidend korter en laer in heersende toonhoogte as dié van P. brantsii, en hul frekwensie-wydte is ook beduidend wyer. Hierdie verskille word toegeskryf aan species-verskille en habitat-voorkeure. Die akoestiese aanpassingshipotese word gedeeltelik deur die studie ondersteun, aangesien P. littledalei, wat 'n geslote habitat verkies in vergelyking met P. brantsii, alarmroepe het met 'n laer dominante toonhoogte as P. brantsii. In teenstelling met die hipotese, toon P. brantsii se fluitgeluide minder frekwensie-modulasie as P. littledalei se geluide. Die hoë toonhoogte van beide species se alarmroepe kan 'n konvergente verskynsel wees wat dit vir roofdiere moeilik maak om fluitende individue te lokaliseer. Die alarm-repertoire van P. brantsii is ondersoek deur individue bloot te stel aan 'n menslike waarnemer en modelle van tipiese predatore, naamlik 'n jakkalsvoël en pofadder. Daar was omtrent geen variasie in die klank-struktuur van alarmroepe in reaksie op verskillende roofdiere nie. Dit wys daarop dat P. brantsii nie roofdiere deur middel van roepgeluide klassifiseer nie, hoewel gedragsresponse getoon het dat individue wel tussen roofdiere kan onderskei. Die duur van alarmroepe varieer na gelang van die gedrag van die fluitende individue - 'n fluitrot wat vlug, se roep is beduidend korter as die geluid van een wat bogronds bly. 'n Pofadder en 'n veraf mens ontlok lankdurende geluide, wat dui op 'n lae-risiko situasie, terwyl rotte op vlug slaan in reaksie op 'n hoë-risiko situasie, soos met 'n nabygeleë mens of jakkalsvoël, wanneer kort alarmroepe geuiter word. Ek beskou P. brantsii se alarmrepertoire as 'n gegradeerde "nood-gebaseerde" stelsel, wat die mate van bedreiging aandui, eerder as die identiteit van die spesifieke roofdier. Hierdie sisteem is tipies van grondeekhorings en word gewoonlik verbind met diere wat 'n twee-dimensionele omgewing bewoon. Parotomys brantsii se reaksie op die terugspeel van die species se geluide is hierna ondersoek. Ek het gefokus op die effek van 'n verandering in die duur van alleenstaande fluitnote, asook hulle reaksie op fluitreekse. Alle alarmroepe het gelei tot hoër vlakke van waaksaamheid in luisterende individue, maar reaksies op kort en lang enkelnote het nie van mekaar verskil nie. Fluitreekse het beduidend langer periodes van hoë waaksaamheid veroorsaak as enkele geluide, en waaksaamheid het hoog gebly selfs nadat reekse geëindig het. Dit beteken dat fluitreekse onder andere die funksie vervul om waaksaamheid in kolonielede vir relatief lang tye te onderhou. Parotomys brantsii se eenvoudige alarm-repertoire en nie-onderskeidende reaksie op verskillene roepgeluide, beklemtoon die belangrikheid van aanvullende inligting uit die omgewing vir diere in 'n twee-dimensionele habitat wanneer die akoestiese kommunikasiestelse slegs 'n algemene waarskuwingsfunksie vervul.
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Scherer, Nancy J., Sarah Boyce, and G. Martin. "Longitudinal Analysis of Rates of Gesture, Vocalization and Word use in Toddlers with Cleft Palate." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1537.
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au, turtle111@aapt net, and Jacqueline Giles. "The underwater acoustic repertoire of the long-necked, freshwater turtle Chelodina oblonga." Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20061121.103729.
Full textAbstract:
The major question addressed by this project was to determine if the long-necked,
freshwater turtle Chelodina oblonga, vocalise underwater and whether their vocal activity could
be related to behavioural or ecological aspects of their lives. These turtles often live in
wetlands where visibility is restricted due to habitat complexity or light limitation caused by
factors such as tannin-staining, or turbidity. For many aquatic animals, sound is a useful
means of communication over distances beyond their visual acuity. This thesis gives the
first detailed account of the underwater vocal repertoire of C. oblonga.
In total, over 230 days were spent in the field and more than 500 hours of tape recordings
were made for this research. Initially, a number of recordings took place in three wetlands
known to support turtle populations: Blue Gum Lake; Glen Brook Dam; and Lake
Leschenaultia in Perth, Western Australia; in order to determine the nature of the
freshwater sound field and place turtle vocalisations into the context in which they were
vocalising. The wetlands differed in terms of degree of enrichment, substrate material, water
depth and habitat complexity. Recordings were made over a four-week period in the last
month of summer and the first week of autumn (Feb-Mar 2003). Invertebrate sweeps were
also taken over a two-week period at each recording site to determine if invertebrate
distributions were related to patterns of sonic activity. To determine the influence of wind
on ambient noise; recordings were undertaken on winter mornings (June-August, 2003) at
Blue Gum Lake and Glen Brook Dam at locations north, south, west and east for four
different wind speeds Beaufort Wind Scale (BWS) 0,1,2 & 3.
There were seven distinctive calls recognised in the recordings. The frequency bandwidth
most utilised by organisms was between 3 kHz up to around 14 kHz, with the exception of the bird-like song; which extended from 500 Hz up to around 10 kHz. Blue Gum Lake
contained a more diverse and abundant assemblage of invertebrates than Lake
Leschenaultia and Glen Brook Dam. Correspondingly, a greater diversity of calls was
recorded at Blue Gum Lake, as well as the presence of chorus activity, which was not heard
at the two less-enriched sites. The periods of greatest diversity and abundance of
macroinvertebrates was synonymous with the increased sonic activity at dusk and midnight
with noise levels greatest at dusk in particular, and to a lesser extent at midnight. There was
no difference in ambient noise at Blue Gum Lake or Glen Brook Dam at wind speeds of
Beaufort Wind Scale 0, 1 and 2.
Turtles from three populations were recorded in artificial environments: consisting of
round, plastic, above-ground ponds (1.8m dia. x 0.65m depth), which were set up to recreate
small wetlands. Recordings occurred from September to October, 2003 and from
February to December, 2004 as well as January, 2005. Seven hatchling and five juvenile
turtles (CL <10cm) were also recorded in order to ascertain whether very young turtles
vocalised. Hatchlings were recorded in a glass aquarium (35.5cm length x 20cm width x
22.0cm depth) and juveniles were placed into a below-ground outdoor pond (1m length x
0.5m width x 0.4m depth). Recordings occurred from as early as 4.30am (dawn recordings)
to as late as 1.30am (evening recordings).
The recordings revealed that turtles utilise an underwater acoustic communication system
(calling at the waters surface was also noted but these were not recorded or a part of this
research) involving a repertoire of both complex and percussive sounds with short, medium
and potentially long-range propagation characteristics. Complex structures included
harmonically related elements (richly or sparsely) and different rates of frequency
modulation. Frequency use extended beyond the in-air auditory sensitivity known for a
single species of turtle studied from the family Chelidae; with calls ranging from around 100
Hz in some of the percussive displays, to as high as 3.5 kHz in some complex calls, with
clicks extending beyond the 20 kHz upper limit of the recording system. However, most
of C. oblongas vocalisations had dominant frequencies below 1 kHz. Turtles were
intermittent callers with an extensive vocal repertoire of seventeen (17) vocal categories -
highly suggestive of complex social organisation. Vocalisations included: a) clacks; b) clicks;
c) squawks; d) hoots; e) short chirps; f) high short chirps; g) medium chirps; h) long chirps;
i) high calls; j) cries or wails; k) cat whines; l) grunts; m) growls; n) blow bursts; o) staccatos;
p) a wild howl; and q) drum rolling. Also, two sustained pulse-bouts were recorded during
the breeding months, hypothesised to function as acoustic advertisement displays possibly
calling songs. Hatchling turtles were not heard to vocalise within the audible range. Only a
single complex vocalisation was heard produced by the juvenile turtles, with a number of
percussive calls.
Preliminary playback trials were conducted under free-field conditions and within an
artificial environment, which consisted of a below ground rectangular tank (2.4m length x
0.8m width x 0.6m deep). A number of turtle calls recorded in the artificial ponds were
selected for playback. A UW 30 speaker was used for broadcast of calls. The free-field
playbacks occurred at Mabel Talbot Lake and Blue Gum Lake during the months of April
and May, 2005. Playback using 14 seconds of an artificially constructed sequence from the
sustained pulse-bout occurred in the artificial channels. This sequence consisted of some
of the first phase pulses followed by a section of the vibrato.
The preliminary free-field playback trials indicated that turtles had some interest in the calls
being played by responding with an alert posture. Turtles were shown to remain in the
alert posture for a significantly longer time than when no sound was played or when white
noise was played. The extensive repertoire and initial responses to the free-field playbacks
indicated that sound has some biological importance for C. oblonga, although results of
playbacks under artificial conditions were inconclusive.
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Couroux, Christina. "Neighbor-stranger discrimination and individual recognition by voice in the American redstart (Setophaga ruticilla)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0027/MQ37111.pdf.
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Grünloh, Thomas, and Ulf Liszkowski. "Prelinguistic vocalizations distinguish pointing acts." Cambridge University Press, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A39052.
Full textAbstract:
The current study investigated whether point-accompanying characteristics, like vocalizations and hand shape, differentiate infants’ underlying motives of prelinguistic pointing. We elicited imperative (requestive) and declarative (expressive and informative) pointing acts in experimentally controlled situations, and analyzed accompanying characteristics. Experiment 1 revealed that prosodic characteristics of point-accompanying vocalizations distinguished requestive from both expressive and informative pointing acts, with little differences between the latter two. In addition, requestive points were more often realized with the whole hand than the index finger, while this was the opposite for expressive and informative acts. Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1, revealing distinct prosodic characteristics for requestive pointing also when the referent was distal and when it had an index-finger shape. Findings reveal that beyond the social context, point-accompanying vocalizations give clues to infants’ underlying intentions when pointing.
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Watson, Peter J. "Effects of abdominal trussing on breathing, vocalization, and speech in persons with cervical spinal cord injury." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282834.
Full textAbstract:
Abdominal trussing has been advocated for a number of years as a method to improve speech in persons with paralyzed or weak muscles of the breathing apparatus. There have been a few studies that have examined the effect of abdominal trussing on speech and voice. However, these studies have had little experimental control. For this study, two experiments were undertaken to examine the effect of abdominal trussing in men with a cervical spinal cord injury on breathing, vowel prolongation and reading. For both experiments, a special trussing device and procedure where developed to have maximum control over inward abdominal placement during the trussing procedure. Respiratory, acoustic and linguistic measures were made for both experiments. For the first experiment, three persons with cervical spinal cord injury were studied using three single-subject-experimental designs. Abdominal trussing had some effect on the inspiratory component of the breathing apparatus. This was demonstrated by some of the subjects by an increase of inspiratory capacity, phonation duration, more syllables per utterance and fewer pauses. There was no evidence that trussing had an effect on the expiratory component of the breathing apparatus. A perceptual component included having judges indicate if they preferred portions of the reading passage when the abdomen was trussed versus when it was untrussed. No differences were detected for the preferential listening task. For the second experiment, one subject from the first experiment was used to examine the effect of three different inward abdominal placements (25%, 50%, and 75%) on breathing and speech. The 50% inward position was found to be the best position for improving the inspiratory component of the breathing apparatus. With the improvement of the inspiratory component, utterance duration and the number of syllables per utterance increased and the number of pauses decreased during reading. In addition, the perceptual component of analysis for the second experiment showed, that for reading, the 50% inward abdominal position was preferred to the other two inward positions. Future clinical applications and research of abdominal trussing in different clinical populations are also discussed.
26
Burke, da Silva Karen. "Antipredator calling by the eastern chipmunk, Tamius striatus." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68157.
Full textAbstract:
Chipmunk antipredator calls were examined during the summers of 1990 and 1991. The structural characteristics of the three calls, chipping, chucking and the trill, were obtained through taped recordings and sonagraphic analysis. Behavioural observations indicated that chucking by choruses of individuals occurs in the presence of aerial predators, chipping by choruses of individuals occurs in the presence of terrestrial predators and the trill is given by single individuals when fleeing from predators.Experiments were carried out to determine the function of the trill and chipping. Demographic and contextual effects indicate that the trill is in part a call which functions to warn kin but may also indicate to conspecifics that the caller has escaped into a refuge. An experiment with a tethered cat concluded that chipping is likely to function to deter predators from hunting in the area. This is done through vocal mobbing by several individuals whose home ranges overlap.
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Gridley, Teresa. "Geographic and species variation in bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops spp.) signature whistle types." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1910.
Full textAbstract:
Geographic variation in the whistle vocalisations of dolphins has previously been reported. However, most studies have focused on the whole whistle repertoire, with little attempt to classify sounds into biologically relevant categories. Common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) use individually distinctive signature whistles which are thought to help maintain contact between conspecifics at sea. These whistles may show a different kind of variation between populations than non-signature whistles. Here I investigate signature whistle use and variation in the two recognised species of bottlenose dolphins (T. truncatus and T. aduncus) from populations inhabiting the coastal waters of the North America, Scotland, South Africa, Tanzania, Japan, Australia and New Zealand, and one captive colony. I identified likely signature whistles (signature whistles types, SWTs) from acoustic recordings by combining two novel techniques: automated contour categorisation in ARTwarp (Deecke and Janik, 2006) and a specific bout analysis based on the timing of signature whistle production in T. truncatus termed SIGID (Janik et al. in press). Three ways of categorising the contours were tested and between 87 and 111 SWTs were identified in total. Repeated emissions of stereotyped contours were apparent in the repertoire of all T. aduncus populations using both automated and human observer categorisation, providing good evidence for signature whistle use in this species. There was significant inter-specific variation in the frequency parameters, looping patterns and duration of SWTs. Inflection points, duration and measures of SWT complexity showed high variation within populations, suggesting inter- and intra-individual modification of these parameters, perhaps to enhance identity encoding or convey motivational information. Using 328 bases of the mtDNA control region, I found high levels of population differentiation (FST and φST) within the genus Tursiops. These data do not support a link between mtDNA population differentiation and variability in call type. Instead, morphological variations at the species level, and learned differences at the population level, better explain the variation found.
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Eldridge, Jacob Douglas. "A Comparison of Current Anuran Monitoring Methods with Emphasis on the Accuracy of Automatic Vocalization Detection Software." TopSCHOLAR®, 2011. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1122.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, a variety of methods are available to monitor anurans, and little standardization of methods exists. New methods to monitor anurans have become available over the past twenty years, including PVC pipe arrays used for tree frog capture and Automated Digital Recording Systems (ADRS) used to remotely monitor calling activity. In addition to ADRS, machine-learning computer software, automated vocalization recognition software (AVRS), has been developed to automatically detect vocalizations within digital sound recordings. The use of a combination of ADRS and AVRS shows the promise to reduce the number of people, time, and resources needed for an effective call survey program. However, little research exists that uses the described tools for wildlife monitoring, especially for anuran monitoring.
In the study, there were two problems addressed relating to AVRS. The first was the poorly understood relationship between auditory survey methods and physical survey methods. I tested this problem by using current auditory monitoring methods, ADRS and the AVRS Song Scope© (v.3.1), alongside more traditional physical monitoring methods that included drift fences, a PVC pipe array, and visual encounter transects. No significant relationship between physical and auditory community population measures was found. Auditory methods were also effective in the detection of call characteristic differences between urban and rural locations, further suggesting an influence of noise pollution. The second problem addressed was the call identification errors found in auditory survey methods. I examined the influence of treatments including the ADRS location, listener group, species, and season on the error rates of the AVRS Song Scope© (v.3.1) and groups of human listeners. Computer error rates were higher than human listeners, yet less affected by the treatments. Both studies suggested that AVRS was a viable method to monitor anuran populations, but the choice of methods should be dependent upon the species of interest and the objectives of the study.
29
Dencev, Aurelia. "An ascending cholinergic projection to the basal forebrain involved in the initiation of ultrasonic vocalization in the rat." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0002/MQ42238.pdf.
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Lagorio, Amy D. "AMPHIBIAN VOCALIZATION: IMPLICATIONS OF A NOVEL LARYNGEAL MUSCLE IN THE CALLING MECHANISMS OF THE TÚNGARA FROG ENGYSTOMOPS PUSTULOSUS." Scholarly Commons, 2020. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3683.
Full textAbstract:
The current functional model of the anuran larynx includes four pairs of laryngeal muscles. Their contractions do not account, however, for the behavioral control of call complexity observed in male túngara frogs (Engystomops pustulosus), which optionally add a secondary note with distinct harmonic structure to their advertisement call. Examination of the túngara frog's laryngeal morphology through dissection, microtomography, and resin histology has revealed that the m. dilatator laryngis is divided into two separate bundles (superficial and deep). The superficial bundle closely matches the typical description of the m. dilatator laryngis and is well positioned to open the glottis. The deep bundle is exclusively innervated by the short laryngeal nerve and has an attachment to the fibrous mass, an internal laryngeal structure necessary for complex call production. This attachment indicates a separate role for the deep bundle in controlling the complexity of the call. Based on physical separation, exclusive attachments, distinct fiber orientation, exclusive innervation, and potential action, this study recognizes the deep bundle of the m. dilatator laryngis as a separate muscle. It also revalidates the name m. arylabialis which had been previously used to describe it. The split of the m. dilatator laryngis into two muscles results in a laryngeal innervation pattern that closely matches that of mammals. This study identified a novel laryngeal muscle in túngara frogs, a potential mechanism for the control of call complexity, and revealed new evidence of homologies between the laryngeal structures of amphibians and mammals.
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Awasthi, Smita. "Emergence of vocalization in non vocal children with a diagnosis of autism : building an evidence base for interventions." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2017. https://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/emergence-of-vocalization-in-non-vocal-children-with-a-diagnosis-of-autism-building-an-evidence-base-for-interventions(e0005530-9415-4229-88fd-6dce404962a1).html.
Full textAbstract:
The current study spanning 6 years 8 months reviewed technologies developed for emergence of speech in non-vocal children with autism. A total 144 children were selected of whom 126 met the inclusion criteria and completed the study. Non-vocal children between ages 1.4-13.5 years participated in four experiments that used delayed multiple baseline design across subjects. Mastery criteria for vocalization for each participant was n=7 first instances of speech. Experiment 1 studied the role of stimulus-stimulus pairing (SSP) during sign-mand training on vocal emergence in 58 participants of whom 83% acquired vocal status. Experiment 2 studied the effect of prompt-delays during sign-mand training on 3 children who failed to acquire vocals one xperiment 1 for 9-33 weeks. Introduction of prompt-delays were effective in inducing vocals in all three children. Experiment 3 studied the additive effect of intraverbal training with paired auditory stimulus on 46 children who failed to acquire vocals after 12-40 weeks of sign-mand training and SSP. Results showed 80% children emerged with vocals after the introduction of intraverbal training. In Experiment 4 sign-mand training and intraverbal training with SSP were introduced together in 19 children. Results suggested 89% children emerged with vocals. Of the total 126 children across all experiments 105 emerged with vocals meeting the mastery criteria with permanent effects. Across all experiments mean IOA of the study was 89% (range 83%-94%) and treatment integrity 86% (range 57%-100%) . Retrospective data analysis suggested age of children was not a determinant for vocal acquisition and first instances of speech emerged across various verbal operants such as mands, echoic mands, echoics and intraverbals. Motivating operations accounted for 65% of initial vocals however 27% first vocals also emerged as intraverbal fill-ins. Time to vocalization, type of vocal emergence and relative successes of the technologies used are explored in this study.
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Mizuguchi, Daisuke. "Underwater vocal repertoire and their function in three ice-breeding seals in the Arctic." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215373.
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Hay, Timothy D. "Variation in advertisement call structure of whistling frogs." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Zoology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1517.
Full textAbstract:
Variation in advertisement call structure of whistling frogs, Litoria ewingi, was studied among breeding sites in the vicinity of Christchurch on the East coast and Harihari on the West coast of the South Island. Males vocalized in breeding choruses throughout the year and females moved toward and appeared to evaluate calls of territorial males before initiating amplexus. Acoustic interactions between neighbours led to modification of call structure and timing, and wrestling matches between males were frequent. I quantified call structure for 1623 calls of 168 individuals using 24 call parameters. Most temporal characteristics were significantly correlated with the caller's body temperature and dominant frequency was negatively correlated with body size. These results are consistent with the prediction of temperature-dependent metabolic rates in a poikilotherm's nervous system. I compared call structure among the study populations using both multivariate and univariate analyses. Advertisement call structure showed highly significant variation among populations for most call variables. The greatest difference occurred between the West and East coast populations, and a clinal trend occurred in the East coast populations on a microgeographic scale. Variation among East coast populations in some variables was comparable to the scale of variation between coasts. These results suggest that whistling frogs exhibit natal philopatry. I obtained repeated recordings for 21 individuals and examined variation in call structure within and among individuals using nested multivariate analyses of variance. Highly significant variation occurred both within and among individuals for most call characters, but certain call characters were more variable among individuals. This suggests that whistling frog advertisement calls are individually distinctive.
34
Digweed, Shannon Marie, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "The functions and mechanisms of predator-associated vocalisations in North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus)." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Psychology, c2009, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2474.
Full textAbstract:
North American red squirrels are a solitary, territorial species that confront various
predators. Previous research proposed that squirrels produce predator-specific, referential
‘seet’ and ‘bark’ alarm calls to aerial and ground predators, respectively. To test this
hypothesis, I examined alarm call production during natural encounters with predators,
conspecific intruders and in a series of predator simulation experiments. Call production
patterns were consistent across all types of disturbance and involved protracted bouts
where both call types were inter-mixed. Hence, the call types were not predator-specific
but rather their patterning reflected the persistence of disturbances of any type. Tests of
alternative call functions further indicated that calls were not actually directed at
conspecifics, but rather at predators and intruders and might function to deter or repel
them directly. These outcomes are consistent with life-history details of red squirrels and
contradict the proposal that this species produces predator-specific, referential alarm
calls.xi, 153 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
35
Bernstein, Gabrielle. "Glidevowel alternation in Biblical Hebrew." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65473.
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Bonenfant, Marjolaine. "Escape and vocal responses of eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) to simulated aerial predator attack." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23989.
Full textAbstract:
The behaviours of eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) in response to aerial predators were studied in the field using trained kestrels (Falco sparverius) flying over a food patch where animals of known gender, age and burrow location categories were foraging. Their typical response was to flee toward a nearby refuge while producing a trill. After a few seconds, chipmunks usually emerged and started to produce long (but sometimes interrupted) series of chucks while facing the predator. Acoustical analysis showed that the trill consisted of a rapid series of usually high pitched and variable notes while most chucks consisted of two partially overlapping components differing mainly in frequency range. No differences were observed between individuals of different categories for most antipredator responses. Various observations suggest that the trill functions to startle the predator and that the chuck deters the predator from hunting in the area.
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Stuby, Richard George Jr. "A stochastic measure of similarity between dolphin signature whistles." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31408.
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Bottlenose dolprlin (Tursiops trunratus) whistles are currently studied by subjective visual comparison of whistle spectrograms. This thesis describes the novel use of stochastic modeling to automate the comparison of dolphin whistles and to yield an objective, quantitative measure of whistle similarity. The relationship of bottlenose dolphin whistle production to a model of human speech production is discussed, providing a basis for the use of human speech recognition techniques for creating whistle models.
Discrete hidden Markov models based on vector quantization of linear prediction coefficients are used to create whistle models based on statistical information derived from a sample set of dolphin whistles. Whistle model comparison results are presented indicating that evaluation of bottlenose dolphin whistles via hidden Markov modeling provides an objective measure of similarity between whistles. The results also demonstrate that hidden Markov models provide robustness against the effects of temporal and frequency variance in the comparison of whistles. The extensibility of stochastic modeling techniques to other animal vocalizations is discussed and possibilities for further work in areas such as the determination of possible structural components, similar to phonemes in human speech, is provided.Master of Science
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Woolley, Sarah Margaret Nicolay. "Auditory feedback and song behavior in adult Bengalese finches /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10653.
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Fenzl, Thomas. "Differentiated roles of the periaqueductal gray and the paralemniscal area on vocalization in the new world bat Phyllostomus discolor." Diss., lmu, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-14231.
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Dazey, Jennifer. "Influence of Daily Electrical Stimulation of Periaqueductal Grey on Vocalization and Depressive-like Behavior during Separation in Guinea Pigs." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1355011112.
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Pereira, da Cruz Benetti Lucia. "Infant vocal imitation of music." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492408461186887.
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Freeman, Angela Rose. "Vasopressin and Social Behavior in Richardson's Ground Squirrels." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1480353729694591.
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Melcon, Matthew Clinton 1957. "Effect of age on laryngeal airway resistance during vowel production." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276751.
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An investigation was conducted to determine if laryngeal valving economy, as reflected in measures of laryngeal airway resistance during vowel production, varies across adulthood. Toward this end, sixty healthy men were studied, ten from each of six age groups--25, 35, 45, 55, 65, and 75 years (± 2 years). Results showed that there are age-related differences in laryngeal airway resistance during vowel production, and that these differences are characterized by a lower mean resistance in 75-year-old men than in younger men of the ages studied. This finding provides insight into mechanisms regarding the impact of age on laryngeal function and has important clinical implications for the evaluation and management of men with voice disorders.
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Samarra, Filipa Isabel Pereira. "Functional design and use of acoustic signals produced by killer whales (Orcinus orca)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2564.
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This study aimed to investigate possible functions of the sounds produced by herring-eating killer whales in the Northeast Atlantic. In this study, I investigated the whistle repertoire of killer whales, which had previously only been studied in British Columbia, where it appeared to be restricted to the audible range. However, I show that high frequency whistles (> 17 kHz) were detected in Northeast Atlantic populations but not in Northeast Pacific populations. These results indicated substantial intraspecific variation in whistle production in killer whales. Little variation was observed in high frequency whistles recorded from three different sites in the Northeast Atlantic, suggesting this signal has a similar function across locations. The estimated active space of high frequency whistles and burst-pulse calls suggested that these are short-range signals used for within-group communication. Source levels of burst-pulse calls were lower than what was previously described in British Columbia, which possibly reflected the fact that these sounds do not need to propagate far because distances between group members are generally short. Calls, high frequency whistles and herding calls produced at different depths did not appear to suffer effects due to increased pressure, such as changing frequency or duration characteristics. Feeding appeared to take place below 10 m of depth, as suggested by the localisation of depth of production of feeding-related sounds. These depths were consistent with those at which tailslaps were produced in Dtags attached to individual whales. Feeding periods were characterised by deep diving, increased sound production and highly non-directional movement. These findings suggested that killer whales in a herring spawning ground use a feeding strategy different from carousel feeding used in herring overwintering grounds. These findings showed that Northeast Atlantic killer whales have a different sound repertoire to other populations, and suggested that they may employ different feeding strategies depending on prey behaviour.
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Candiotti, Agnès. "Social life and flexibility of vocal behaviour in Diana monkeys and other cercopithecids." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8171.
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Recent studies on the social life and vocal production, usage and comprehension of nonhuman primates have brought new insights into the evolutionary mechanisms of cognition and communication as well as the emergence of language. A key point in the current literature concerns the flexibility of vocal production. In contrast to humans, some birds and some cetaceans, vocal flexibility is thought to be very restricted in nonhuman primates, which creates a startling phylogenetic gap. At the same time, research has shown that a number of African forest guenons' alarm calls appear to have language-like properties. With the hypothesis that looking at the vocal repertoire more broadly, especially the social calls, was likely to reveal other complex communicative abilities, I studied in detail the social life and vocal behaviour of a guenon species, Diana monkeys. First, the comparison of its social system with the system of another closely related species, Campbell's monkeys, stressed in both species the reduced number of physical interactions, although females maintained preferential relationships that were not biased towards kin. Second, the study of Diana females' vocal repertoire is restricted but flexible. Females emit social calls with a combinatorial structure, the use of which is affected by external events. Third, focusing on a highly frequent and highly social call revealed flexibility in the identity advertisement (divergence – convergence) which accommodates to the context. Fourth, to explore the nature of nonhuman primates' comprehension skills, I performed playback experiments of De Brazza monkey social calls to three species of Old World monkeys; Campbell's monkeys, black-and-white colobus monkeys and red-capped mangabeys. Altogether, the three species were able to discriminate hetero-specific voices of individuals they knew from individuals they had never met. Overall, my results have revealed a considerable degree of flexibility in the vocal communication of nonhuman primates, a finding that is consistent with the hypothesis of a continuous evolutionary transition from animal vocal behaviour to human language.
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Dunaway, Mark Allen. "Seasonal Territoriality in the Carolina Wren, Thryothorus ludovicianus, to Visual and Vocal Stimuli." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2208.
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Carolina Wrens, Thryothorus ludovicianus, are permanent residents throughout their range. They form pair bonds at a young age, maintain these bonds for multiple years, and defend feeding/breeding territories year round. Male Carolina Wrens use songs in territorial defense and have been shown to countersing regularly to both neighbors and intruders. They use various song characteristics to determine the location of another bird and whether its territory has been invaded.
Wrens often approach playbacks silently in apparent searching behavior. In some cases, birds will investigate the playback but fail to countersing. I wanted to determine whether or not wrens would respond more strongly during playbacks with a decoy. In addition, the experiment was conducted during breeding and nonbreeding periods to compare responses across seasons. The findings show that wrens respond more aggressively to playbacks with a decoy and to playbacks conducted during the breeding season.
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Monteleone, Stephanie. "Writing A Way Out of the Chamber| Re-vocalization of Myth in the Works of Eudora Welty, Shirley Jackson, and Toni Morrison." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10163283.
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Tale and myth have a long history of reinforcing, commenting on, and often subverting the ideologies at work in the society where the stories are being told. This research explores the ways three American novels, Eudora Welty’s The Robber Bridegroom, Shirley Jackson’s We Have Always Lived in the Castle, and Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye, all incorporate variants of the fairytale Bluebeard: a fairytale which centers on domestic trauma. All three novels also re-vocalize the myth of Demeter and Persephone, and this re-vocalization serves to empower the female characters and subvert the dominant patriarchal paradigm. The subversion of white masculine ideology in these novels reflects a changing social structure during the thirty year span in which these three novels were published. Looking at the texts holistically while considering the ways the tale and myth interweave in each offers insight into the way these social changes for women were being narrated and explored. The question of interpretation is central to this research, which explores both feminine and masculine lenses in story. Particularly the ways a woman’s sexual agency, decision not to marry, or even inability to escape are narrated and interpreted by the community around her. These fictional communities and the issues explored in the realm of tale reflect the larger society and ideological currents surrounding novels themselves. All three novels incorporate the Bluebeard tale, reject the masculine reading of women in that tale, and work to subvert not just patriarchal ideology but the flat literary trope and ways of writing and reading women.
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Baldwin, Jeffrey W. Jr. "Determination of a Two-Week `Window’ for PCB Influence on Ultrasonic Vocalization and Other Behavioral Measures in Young Sprague-Dawley Rats." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1404686457.
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Ricci, Gisele Dela. "Efeitos da climatização ambiental no comportamento e bem-estar de matrizes e leitões em maternidades livres de gaiolas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-13022019-082413/.
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Suínos se adaptam às adversidades ambientais impostas pelo confinamento à partir de alterações fisiológicas e comportamentais e a inserção de climatizações simples podem melhorar o conforto e o bem-estar dos animais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da climatização ambiental da maternidade livre de gaiolas, no comportamento e bem-estar de matrizes e leitões. Foram utilizadas 26 fêmeas e 281 leitões da linhagem Large White x Landrace, desmamados aos 21 dias, mantidos em dois tipos de ambiente: climatizado (ventilador e aspersor em telhado) e não climatizado (controle), no setor de suinocultura da Prefeitura do campus Fernando Costa, da USP, em Pirassununga. A temperatura interna no ambiente controle às 7 horas foi de 23,7°C±0,64 com umidade de 74% ±1,64 e às 13 horas de 26,2°C± 1,23 com umidade de 70,4%± 1,68. No ambiente climatizado, às 7 horas a temperatura ambiental encontrada foi de 22,1°C±0,66C com umidade de 81,9%±1,66 e às 13 horas 24,5°C±0,85 e umidade de 85,7%±1,34. A frequência respiratória e a temperatura retal foram obtidas três vezes por semana, duas vezes ao dia, de manhã e à tarde, por contagem do flanco por minuto e termômetro retal digital, respectivamente. As colheitas de saliva para análise de cortisol (apenas matrizes) foram realizadas uma vez por semana, duas vezes ao dia, de manhã e à tarde. A avaliação da hierarquia de dominância e os registros da escolha das tetas foram realizados em três análises por semana a partir de observações focais diretas, sendo duas por período, de manhã e à tarde. A classificação em leitões dominantes, intermediários e subordinados foi obtida por porca, de acordo com a apresentação de brigas entre leitões. Para análise estatística da hierarquia foi construída uma matriz binária de dominância baseada nas ocorrências das brigas, identificando os indivíduos das linhas que dominam indivíduos das colunas, analisados por meio de variância com efeitos fixos de tratamento, períodos, sexo e suas interações. O comportamento e a preferência ambiental foram obtidos três vezes por semana, duas vezes ao dia, duas horas por período, de manhã e à tarde. Os locais avaliados foram esquerdo (lado com bebedouros), direito (barra antiesmagamento), meio (cama e enriquecimento), frente (piso de concreto) e atrás (cama de bagaço de cana). As medidas de comportamento e preferência ambiental foram avaliadas por análise de variância, com efeitos de tratamento, hora e local. As temperaturas superficiais dorsais, ventrais, das patas, pernis, cabeças, focinhos, oculares e de glândula mamária (porcas) foram medidas utilizando câmera termográfica de infravermelho, além das temperaturas do telhado, da cama e do piso. A temperatura do ar, umidade relativa e a temperatura do globo negro também foram obtidas e armazenadas em datalogger e foram realizadas correlações entre os dados ambientais e de temperatura superficial. As imagens termográficas foram analisadas pelo software IRSoft Version 3.6 Testo e analisadas por variância com efeitos fixos de tratamento e estação do ano. Os resultados mostraram que em relação à hierarquia não houve efeito dos fatores fixos (P>0,05). Os leitões procuraram com maior frequência as tetas intermediárias, superiores e inferiores. O sexo não influenciou na classificação de hierarquia. Leitões classificados como leves apresentaram menor ganho de peso ao desmame no ambiente climatizado. Em relação ao comportamento, não houve interação entre os períodos e os locais para as porcas e leitões. As fêmeas preferiram o lado esquerdo, seguido pelo direito, na frente, atrás e no meio da baia. O peso ao desmame e a perda de peso das fêmeas não apresentaram efeito dos ambientes (P>0,05). Em relação às análises de termografia de infravermelho, as estações do ano influenciaram as temperaturas da cama, do concreto e telhado, devido as maiores temperaturas encontradas no verão. Foram encontradas correlações positivas em relação a temperatura interna das instalações para cama (r=0,28; P<0,05) e concreto (r=0,26; P<0,05). Para as fêmeas, as estações do ano influenciaram as temperaturas corporais. Foram encontradas correlações positivas em relação a cama e as temperaturas do dorso, ventre, glândula mamária, pernil, cabeça e olhos. A frequência respiratória apresentou correlação positiva com o dorso, focinho, cama, concreto e telhado. O cortisol salivar não apresentou correlações positivas e significativa com as instalações. As estações do ano e os períodos do dia influenciaram as temperaturas superficiais dos leitões, com maiores temperaturas no verão e no período da tarde. A frequência respiratória teve influência do período do dia com maiores frequências apresentadas à tarde. Conclui-se com este estudo que a climatização não influencia na escolha das tetas na glândula mamária. A climatização ambiental gerou maior conforto térmico às matrizes, no entanto, não alterou o conforto de leitões, uma vez que estes possuíam escamoteadores com a função de proteger contra temperaturas abaixo da sua zona de conforto térmico. A presença de ventiladores e aspersores de água no telhado não foi suficiente para reduzir a temperatura superficial corporal de fêmeas e leitões inseridos em baias livres de gaiolas em fase de maternidade.Pigs adapt to the environmental adversities imposed by confinement from physiological and behavioral changes and the insertion of simple climatizations can improve the comfort and well-being of the animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of environmental conditioning of cage-free motherhood on the behavior and well-being of sows and piglets. Twenty-six females and 281 piglets of the Large White x Landrace strain, weaned at 21 days, were kept in two types of environment: climated (ventilator and sprinkler on roof) and non-climated (control) Costa, of the USP, in Pirassununga. The internal temperature in the control environment at 7 hours was 23.7 ° C ± 0.64 with humidity of 74% ± 1.64 and at 13 hours of 26.2 ° C ± 1.23 with humidity of 70.4% ± 1.68. In the air-conditioned environment, at 7 o\'clock the ambient temperature was 22.1 ° C ± 0.66C with humidity of 81.9% ± 1.66 and at 13 hours 24.5 ° C ± 0.85 and humidity of 85 , 7% ± 1.34. Respiratory rate and rectal temperature were obtained three times a week, twice a day, morning and afternoon, by counting the flank per minute and digital rectal thermometer, respectively. Saliva harvests for cortisol analysis (matrices only) were performed once a week, twice daily in the morning and afternoon. The evaluation of dominance hierarchy and teat selection records were performed in three analyzes per week from direct focal observations, two per period, morning and afternoon. Classification in dominant, intermediate and subordinate piglets was obtained by sow, according to the presentation of fights among piglets. For statistical analysis of the hierarchy, a binary matrix of dominance based on occurrences of fights was constructed, identifying the individuals of the lines dominating column individuals, analyzed by means of variance with fixed treatment effects, periods, sex and their interactions. Behavior and environmental preference were obtained three times per week, twice a day, two hours per period, morning and afternoon. The sites evaluated were left (side with drinking fountains), right (anti-crushing bar), middle (bed and enrichment), front (concrete floor) and behind (cane bagasse bed). The measures of behavior and environmental preference were evaluated by analysis of variance, with effects of treatment, time and place. Dorsal, ventral surface temperatures of the legs, legs, heads, muzzles, eyepieces and mammary gland (sows) were measured using infrared thermographic camera, as well as roof, bed and floor temperatures. The air temperature, relative humidity and black globe temperature were also obtained and stored in a datalogger and correlations were made between environmental and surface temperature data. The thermographic images were analyzed by the software IRSoft Version 3.6 Testo and analyzed by variance with fixed effects of treatment and season of the year. The results showed that in relation to the hierarchy there was no effect of the fixed factors (P> 0.05). The piglets sought more often the intermediate, upper and lower teats. Sex did not influence the classification of hierarchy. Piglets classified as lightweight presented lower weight gain at weaning in the air-conditioned environment. Regarding the behavior, there was no interaction between periods and sites for sows and piglets. The females preferred the left side, followed by the right, front, back and middle of the bay. Weaning weight and weight loss of the females had no effect of the environments (P> 0.05). Regarding infrared thermography analyzes, the seasons of the year influenced bed, concrete and roof temperatures due to the higher summer temperatures. Positive correlations were found regarding the internal temperature of bed facilities (r = 0.28, P <0.05) and concrete (r = 0.26, P <0.05). For females, the seasons influenced the body temperatures. Positive correlations were found regarding bed and temperatures of the back, belly, mammary gland, thigh, head and eyes. The respiratory rate showed a positive correlation with the back, snout, bed, concrete and roof. Salivary cortisol did not present positive and significant correlations with the facilities. The seasons and the periods of the day influenced the superficial temperatures of the piglets, with higher temperatures in the summer and in the afternoon. The respiratory rate was influenced by the period of the day with higher frequencies presented in the afternoon. It is concluded with this study that the climatization does not influence the choice of the tits in the mammary gland. The ambient climated generated greater thermal comfort to the matrices, however, did not alter the comfort of piglets, since they had escamoteadores with the function of protecting against temperatures below their zone of thermal comfort. The presence of ventilators and water sprinklers on the roof was not sufficient to reduce the body surface temperature of females and piglets inserted in stalls free of maternity cages.
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Monteiro, Stefanny Christie Gomes. "Relações entre taxa de vocalização, níveis plasmáticos de corticosterona e imunocompetência em Hypsiboas albopunctatus (Spix, 1824)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-10102013-152930/.
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De acordo com o modelo de seleção intersexual mediado por parasitas, variações nas condições de ornamentos ou taxa de displays sexuais refletem diferentes graus de resistência ao parasitismo. Em coros naturais de anfíbios, vocalizações mais altas, longas e complexas e/ou emitidas a maiores taxas são, provavelmente, mais facilmente detectadas e atraem mais fêmeas. Entretanto, o esforço vocal está positivamente relacionado aos níveis plasmáticos de esteróides potencialmente imunossupressores, tais como testosterona e corticosterona. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as relações entre taxa de vocalização, imunocompetência e níveis plasmáticos de corticosterona em Hypsiboas albopunctatus, um anuro de médio porte que ocorre na América do Sul. Tais relações foram estudadas a partir de observação focal do comportamento vocal em coro natural, seguido de coleta de sangue para dosagem de corticosterona e avaliação de alguns parâmetros imunitários. O presente estudo demonstrou uma relação positiva entre a taxa de vocalização com níveis plasmáticos de corticosterona e negativa entre estes dois parâmetros com a imunocompetência mediada por células. Estes resultados apontam para a corticosterona como possível hormônio mediador do compromisso entre esforço vocal e imunidade mediada por células em anuros.According to the model of intersexual selection mediated by parasites, changes in conditions of sexual ornaments or display rates reflect different degrees of resistance to parasitism. In natural choruses of amphibians, calls that are higher, longer, more complex and / or issued at higher rates are probably more easily detected and attract more females. However, the vocal effort is positively related to plasma levels of potentially immunosuppressive steroids, such as testosterone and corticosterone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between calling rates, immunocompetence and plasma levels of corticosterone in Hypsiboas albopunctatus, a midsize anuran occurring in South America. Such relationships were studied from focal observations of calling behavior, followed by blood collection for measurements of corticosterone plasma levels and evaluation of some immune parameters. The present study showed a positive relationship between the calling rate with plasma levels of corticosterone, and a negative correlation between these two parameters with cell-mediated immunocompetence. These results highlight the importance of the hormone corticosterone as a possible mediator of trade-off between vocal effort and cell-mediated immunity in anurans.