Journal articles on the topic 'Vocalisations'
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1
Webster, Patrick, Nicholas Leseberg, Stephen Murphy, and James Watson. "Descriptions of the vocalisations of the Painted Button-quail Turnix varius in North Queensland." Australian Field Ornithology 40 (2023): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo40111119.
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The Painted Button-quail Turnix varius is a widespread and frequently encountered ground-dwelling bird endemic to Australia. Despite being regularly recorded throughout its distribution, our understanding of this species’ vocalisations is poor. Published accounts are limited to brief descriptions without quantitative analyses in a standardised format. This presents challenges in separating the vocalisations of this species from other similar species, particularly as vocalising button-quail are seldom observed. We recorded the vocalisations of Painted Button-quail from North Queensland. These vocalisations were identified as advertising ooms, drumming and contact calls. These vocalisation types appear analogous to those described for other button-quail species, though some key differences particularly in the advertising oom will likely prove diagnostic. Here we present descriptions and visual representations of each of these vocalisation types.
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Stafford, Kathleen M., Sharon L. Nieukirk, and Christopher G. Cox. "Geographic and seasonal variation of blue whale calls in the North Pacific." J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 3, no. 1 (May 25, 2023): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v3i1.902.
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The call characteristics and distribution of blue whales in the North Pacific were examined by use of acoustic surveys. Two distinct vocalisation types have been previously attributed to blue whales from limited regions in the North Pacific (cf. Thompson and Friedl, 1982; Rivers, 1997). Hydrophone data from sixteen sites in the North Pacific were examined for these blue whale vocalisations. There were distinct geographic and seasonal differences between the occurrence of the two vocalisation types. The hydrophones that were more westerly recorded the ‘northwestern’ Pacific vocalisation, those in the eastern Pacific recorded the ‘northeastern’ Pacific vocalisation and those in the central Pacific recorded both types. Northeastern vocalisations were recorded from July-December in the northeast Pacific and February-May in the eastern tropical Pacific. Northwestern vocalisations were recorded most often from July-December, and were essentially absent from March-May in the northwestern Pacific. These results suggest that the different vocalisation types may represent at least two distinct groups of blue whales in the North Pacific.
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Corkeron, Peter J., and Sofie M. Van Parijs. "Vocalizations of eastern Australian Risso's dolphins, Grampus griseus." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-180.
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Recordings were made from a group of Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus) off the coast of Newcastle, Australia, between 30 Hz and 22 kHz. Risso's dolphins exhibited seven separate vocalisation types: broadband clicks, barks, buzzes, grunts, chirps, whistles, and simultaneous whistle + burst-pulse sounds. Broadband clicks were highly variable in duration, with a frequency range of 6 to >22 kHz. Bark vocalisations consisted of highly variable burst pulses, with durations ranging from 0.2 to 7.4 s and a frequency range of 2-20 kHz. Buzz vocalisations were clearly stereotyped, consisting of a short burst pulse of around 2 s and a frequency range of 2.1 to >22 kHz. Low frequency narrowband grunt vocalisations (0.40.8 kHz) were short in duration. Chirp vocalisations were slightly higher in frequency than the grunt vocalisations, ranging in frequency from 2 to 4 kHz. There were at least five different whistle types, ranging in frequency from 4 to 22 kHz. We recorded a combined tonal and burst-pulse vocalisation. The rising whistles ranged from 6 to 18 kHz, while the burst-pulse sounds ranged between 3 and 21 kHz. This combined whistle + burst pulse sound appears to be unique to Risso's dolphins.
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Torquet, Nicolas, Fabrice de Chaumont, Philippe Faure, Thomas Bourgeron, and Elodie Ey. "mouseTube – a database to collaboratively unravel mouse ultrasonic communication." F1000Research 5 (September 16, 2016): 2332. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.9439.1.
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Ultrasonic vocalisation is a broadly used proxy to evaluate social communication in mouse models of neuropsychiatric disorders. The efficacy and robustness of testing these models suffer from limited knowledge of the structure and functions of these vocalisations as well as of the way to analyse the data. We created mouseTube, an open database with a web interface, to facilitate sharing and comparison of ultrasonic vocalisations data and metadata attached to a recording file. Metadata describe 1) the acquisition procedure, e.g., hardware, software, sampling frequency, bit depth; 2) the biological protocol used to elicit ultrasonic vocalisations; 3) the characteristics of the individual emitting ultrasonic vocalisations (e.g., strain, sex, age). To promote open science and enable reproducibility, data are made freely available. The website provides searching functions to facilitate the retrieval of recording files of interest. It is designed to enable comparisons of ultrasonic vocalisation emission between strains, protocols or laboratories, as well as to test different analysis algorithms and to search for protocols established to elicit mouse ultrasonic vocalisations. Over the long term, users will be able to download and compare different analysis results for each data file. Such application will boost the knowledge on mouse ultrasonic communication and stimulate sharing and comparison of automatic analysis methods to refine phenotyping techniques in mouse models of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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von Borell, E., B. Bünger, T. Schmidt, and T. Horn. "Vocal-type classification as a tool to identify stress in piglets under on-farm conditions." Animal Welfare 18, no. 4 (November 2009): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600000816.
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AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the analysis of high frequency stress calls in pigs can serve as a reliable tool in welfare research. Our study focuses on the classification of three different classes of piglet vocalisation: grunting, squealing and screaming. In a castration experiment (Experiment 1), 3,285 vocalisations from 42 piglets were analysed for 21 different vocal characteristics. A first discriminant function for the three vocal types was derived from recordings made under laboratory-like conditions. A second discriminant function was derived from non-calibrated measurements of the relative sound energy content. These two classifications revealed 86.7% identical assignments of vocalisations to the three vocal types. The second classification allowed for vocalisation analyses of animals under on-farm recording conditions. This technique was validated during an open-field test (Experiment 2) with piglets housed in two different farrowing systems (11,089 vocalisations, 22 piglets). The proportion of screaming sounds was lower for piglets from a group-farrowing (GF) system than for those from a single-farrowing (SF) system. Sound properties showed differences between as well as within the two experiments for all three vocal types. Vocalisations from SF and GF piglets differed significantly in the duration, energy, and relative maximum levels. We conclude that vocal-type analysis can not only help to identify vocalisation indicative of pain during castration, but also vocal behaviour changes indicating separation stress during the open-field test. Therefore, classification of vocal types can add valuable information to studies that use pig vocalisation for the assessment of welfare.
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Orihuela, A., and R. Ungerfeld. "Acoustic characteristics of vocalisations emitted by the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) during copula ejaculation and electro-ejaculation with or without anaesthesia." World Rabbit Science 27, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2019.10809.
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Vocalisations can be used as reliable indicators of pain, but little information is available in rabbits, where acoustic tools for farming environments can be used for welfare judgements. The aim of this study was to compare vocalisations produced during copula ejaculation and electro-ejaculation (EE), with or without general anaesthesia, in domestic rabbits. Vocalisations of nine New Zealand white adult males were digitally recorded. The number of males vocalising and vocal characteristics including high, low, maximum and fundamental frequencies and duration of the vocalisations were analysed. There were no differences in the number of males vocalising or any vocalisation parameter between the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> ejaculation while copulating, even though the fundamental frequency increased in all males in the 2<sup>nd</sup> ejaculation (<em>P</em>=0.008). More males vocalised while mating than while being electro-ejaculated (<em>P</em>=0.03), and all vocalisation parameters were greater during EE than while mating (<em>P</em>=0.004). The use or not of anaesthesia during EE did not modify any of the parameters evaluated. It was concluded that: 1) more males vocalised during copula ejaculation than while being electro-ejaculated; 2) bio-acoustic analysis allowed us to identify aversive utterance vocalisations, which are characterised with higher frequencies, that those from non-aversive stimulus; and 3) at least with the anaesthetic combination and the responses studied, anaesthesia had no effect on the acoustic characteristics of the vocalisation emitted during EE in rabbits.
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Rankin, Shannon, Don Ljungblad, Chris Clark, and Hidehiro Kato. "Vocalisations of Antarctic blue whales, Balaenoptera musculus intermedia, recorded during the 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 IWC/SOWER circumpolar cruises, Area V, Antarctica." J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 7, no. 1 (March 15, 2023): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v7i1.752.
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Blue whale vocalisations recorded during the 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 International Whaling Commission-Southern Ocean Whale and Ecosystem Research (IWC/SOWER) cruises were analysed to determine the feasibility of using acoustic recordings for sub-species identification of the Antarctic blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia) and the pygmy blue whale (B.m. brevicauda). The research was conducted in IWC Area V, from latitude 60°S to the ice edge and between longitudes 130°E and 150°E on the Shonan Maru (2001/2002), and between 150°E and 170°W on the Shonan Maru No.2 (2002/2003). Data including 15 groups consisting of 42 animals, as well as opportunistic recordings of an unknown number of animals during evening sonobuoy stations were examined for this study. Vocalisations included long-duration 28Hz tonal sounds and relatively short-duration frequency-modulated sounds. The short-duration calls were similar to vocalisations recorded in the presence of blue whales in other locations worldwide. Not all recordings contained the longduration 28Hz call, considered to be a species-specific vocalisation of Antarctic blue whales. None of the sounds that have previously been attributed to pygmy blue whales were detected. The long-duration 28Hz tonal vocalisations included 3-unit calls, considered to be song phrases, as well as simple 28Hz sounds and 28Hz sounds followed by a downsweep. The centre and peak frequencies of the 28Hz tone for these three sound types were stable regardless of signal strength; however, for the 3-unit vocalisation, the presence and characteristics of their 2nd and 3rd units were variable. Examination of two distinct groups of simultaneously vocalising blue whales showed no evidence of temporally repeated patterns of vocalisations (song phrases). The results of this study suggest that the peak frequency of the 28Hz vocalisations may be used as a diagnostic feature to aid in discriminating between Antarctic blue whales and pygmy blue whales in the field; however, examination of vocalisations in relation to group size and behaviour are necessary to understand the circumstances in which the 28Hz vocalisations are produced.
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Webster, Patrick, Nigel Jackett, George Swann, Nicholas Leseberg, Stephen Murphy, and James Watson. "Descriptions of the vocalisations of the Chestnut-backed Button-quail Turnix castanotus." Australian Field Ornithology 38 (2021): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo38137144.
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Button-quail (Turnicidae) are a greatly understudied family of birds; their cryptic habits make studying them in the wild challenging. They are known to be quite vocal which could assist with detectability, and so it follows that survey results will be more reliable as knowledge about button-quail vocal repertoire increases. Until recently, there were no published vocal recordings of the Chestnut-backed Button-quail Turnix castanotus, and descriptions and accounts of this species’ vocalisations were limited. We recorded vocalisations of Chestnut-backed Button-quail at six locations across the Northern Territory and Western Australia. Three broad vocalisation types were identified: advertising ooms, drumming, and contact calls. We present descriptions and visual representations of these vocalisations, and draw comparisons with previously published accounts of this species, and other Australian button-quail.
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Azhari, Atiqah, Paola Rigo, Marc H. Bornstein, and Gianluca Esposito. "Where Sounds Occur Matters: Context Effects Influence Processing of Salient Vocalisations." Brain Sciences 10, no. 7 (July 6, 2020): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10070429.
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The social context in which a salient human vocalisation is heard shapes the affective information it conveys. However, few studies have investigated how visual contextual cues lead to differential processing of such vocalisations. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is implicated in processing of contextual information and evaluation of saliency of vocalisations. Using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), we investigated PFC responses of young adults (N = 18) to emotive infant and adult vocalisations while they passively viewed the scenes of two categories of environmental contexts: a domestic environment (DE) and an outdoors environment (OE). Compared to a home setting (DE) which is associated with a fixed mental representation (e.g., expect seeing a living room in a typical house), the outdoor setting (OE) is more variable and less predictable, thus might demand greater processing effort. From our previous study in Azhari et al. (2018) that employed the same experimental paradigm, the OE context was found to elicit greater physiological arousal compared to the DE context. Similarly, we hypothesised that greater PFC activation will be observed when salient vocalisations are paired with the OE compared to the DE condition. Our finding supported this hypothesis: the left rostrolateral PFC, an area of the brain that facilitates relational integration, exhibited greater activation in the OE than DE condition which suggests that greater cognitive resources are required to process outdoor situational information together with salient vocalisations. The result from this study bears relevance in deepening our understanding of how contextual information differentially modulates the processing of salient vocalisations.
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Du, Xiaodong, Lenn Carpentier, Guanghui Teng, Mulin Liu, Chaoyuan Wang, and Tomas Norton. "Assessment of Laying Hens’ Thermal Comfort Using Sound Technology." Sensors 20, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020473.
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Heat stress is one of the most important environmental stressors facing poultry production and welfare worldwide. The detrimental effects of heat stress on poultry range from reduced growth and egg production to impaired health. Animal vocalisations are associated with different animal responses and can be used as useful indicators of the state of animal welfare. It is already known that specific chicken vocalisations such as alarm, squawk, and gakel calls are correlated with stressful events, and therefore, could be used as stress indicators in poultry monitoring systems. In this study, we focused on developing a hen vocalisation detection method based on machine learning to assess their thermal comfort condition. For extraction of the vocalisations, nine source-filter theory related temporal and spectral features were chosen, and a support vector machine (SVM) based classifier was developed. As a result, the classification performance of the optimal SVM model was 95.1 ± 4.3% (the sensitivity parameter) and 97.6 ± 1.9% (the precision parameter). Based on the developed algorithm, the study illustrated that a significant correlation existed between specific vocalisations (alarm and squawk call) and thermal comfort indices (temperature-humidity index, THI) (alarm-THI, R = −0.414, P = 0.01; squawk-THI, R = 0.594, P = 0.01). This work represents the first step towards the further development of technology to monitor flock vocalisations with the intent of providing producers an additional tool to help them actively manage the welfare of their flock.
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Cato, Douglas, and Tracey Rogers. "INDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN THE ACOUSTIC BEHAVIOUR OF THE ADULT MALE LEOPARD SEAL, HYDRURGA LEPTONYX." Behaviour 139, no. 10 (2002): 1267–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853902321104154.
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AbstractVocalisations and vocalising bouts of adult male leopard seals recorded from the Prydz Bay region, East Antarctica, were compared to determine whether they showed individual variability. There were distinct individual patterns in the sequence of vocalisations within vocalising bouts. A sequence could be reliably ascribed to a particular individual with a high degree (83%) of certainty. Such sequences may carry information about the identity of the caller. Acoustic characteristics of the two most commonly used vocalisations, the high and low double trills, showed weak within individual variation. Although differences were observed among individuals in the high double trill few were observed in the low double trill consequently the low double trills of some individuals could not be reliably ascribed to any particular seal. For many species, individual variation occurs in acoustic characteristics of specific vocalisations rather than in the sequence in which the vocalisations are produced. The acoustic displays of solitary species such as the leopard seal, are constrained by the difficulties of detecting and recognising the signal at a distance. Vocalisation sequences may be less adversely affected by signal degradation and so could be effective for communicating information over distance. It has been suggested that individual acoustic variation is found primarily in gregarious species however findings from the current study suggest that solitary animals using long-range underwater acoustic displays may convey individual variability in their vocalising sequence patterns.
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Thiebault, Andréa, Isabelle Charrier, Thierry Aubin, David B. Green, and Pierre A. Pistorius. "First evidence of underwater vocalisations in hunting penguins." PeerJ 7 (December 18, 2019): e8240. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8240.
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Seabirds are highly vocal on land where acoustic communication plays a crucial role in reproduction. Yet, seabirds spend most of their life at sea. They have developed a number of morphological, physiological and behavioural adaptations to forage in the marine environment. The use of acoustic signals at sea could potentially enhance seabirds’ foraging success, but remains largely unexplored. Penguins emit vocalisations from the sea surface when commuting, a behaviour possibly associated with group formation at sea. Still, they are unique in their exceptional diving abilities and feed entirely underwater. Other air-breathing marine predators that feed under water, like cetaceans, pinnipeds and marine turtles, are known to emit sound underwater, but such behaviour has not yet been described in seabirds. We aimed to assess the potential prevalence and diversity of vocalisations emitted underwater by penguins. We chose three study species from three different genera, and equipped foraging adults with video cameras with built-in microphones. We recorded a total of 203 underwater vocalisation from all three species during 4 h 43 min of underwater footage. Vocalisations were very short in duration (0.06 s on average), with a frequency of maximum amplitude averaging 998 Hz, 1097 Hz and 680 Hz for King, Gentoo and Macaroni penguins, respectively. All vocalisations were emitted during feeding dives and more than 50% of them were directly associated with hunting behaviour, preceeded by an acceleration (by 2.2 s on average) and/or followed by a prey capture attempt (after 0.12 s on average). The function of these vocalisations remain speculative. Although it seems to be related to hunting behaviour, these novel observations warrant further investigation.
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Best, Paul, Sébastien Paris, Hervé Glotin, and Ricard Marxer. "Deep audio embeddings for vocalisation clustering." PLOS ONE 18, no. 7 (July 10, 2023): e0283396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283396.
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The study of non-human animals’ communication systems generally relies on the transcription of vocal sequences using a finite set of discrete units. This set is referred to as a vocal repertoire, which is specific to a species or a sub-group of a species. When conducted by human experts, the formal description of vocal repertoires can be laborious and/or biased. This motivates computerised assistance for this procedure, for which machine learning algorithms represent a good opportunity. Unsupervised clustering algorithms are suited for grouping close points together, provided a relevant representation. This paper therefore studies a new method for encoding vocalisations, allowing for automatic clustering to alleviate vocal repertoire characterisation. Borrowing from deep representation learning, we use a convolutional auto-encoder network to learn an abstract representation of vocalisations. We report on the quality of the learnt representation, as well as of state of the art methods, by quantifying their agreement with expert labelled vocalisation types from 8 datasets of other studies across 6 species (birds and marine mammals). With this benchmark, we demonstrate that using auto-encoders improves the relevance of vocalisation representation which serves repertoire characterisation using a very limited number of settings. We also publish a Python package for the bioacoustic community to train their own vocalisation auto-encoders or use a pretrained encoder to browse vocal repertoires and ease unit wise annotation.
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Viscardi, AV, and PV Turner. "Use of meloxicam, buprenorphine, and Maxilene® to assess a multimodal approach for piglet pain management, part 2: tail-docking." Animal Welfare 28, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): 499–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.7120/09627286.28.4.499.
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Piglets on commercial pig farms are often tail-docked to reduce the incidence of tail-biting. While this is a painful procedure, piglets are often not provided analgesia or anaesthesia for pain relief. The objectives of this study were to assess a multimodal approach to managing tail-docking pain in piglets, using 0.4 mg kg–1 meloxicam (MEL), 0.04 mg kg–1 buprenorphine (BUP), and Maxilene® (MAX), a topical anaesthetic. The effectiveness of each drug and drug combination was evaluated using behavioural indicators, vocalisation, and facial grimace analysis. This study also assessed whether male and female piglets responded differently to pain or pain treatments. Piglets were randomly assigned to one of six possible treatments: MEL, BUP, MEL + BUP, MEL + BUP + MAX, no treatment (tail-docked control), or sham (non-tail-docked control). Vocalisations were recorded at initial handling, injection, and tail-docking. Piglets administered MEL + BUP and BUP demonstrated significantly fewer pain behaviours than piglets in the MEL and no treatment group. MEL + BUP + MAX and BUP piglets displayed significantly lower facial grimace scores than piglets in the no treatment group. There were no significant differences in emitted vocalisations between the analgesia-treated piglets and the no treatment group and both injection and tail-docking elicited piglet vocalisations of similar frequency, power, and energy. There were no significant differences in behaviour, facial grimacing or emitted vocalisations between male and female piglets. All treatment groups with buprenorphine were able to alleviate tail-docking-associated pain, suggesting that opioid administration is highly effective for managing piglet pain.
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Muller, Benjamin J., David A. Pike, and Lin Schwarzkopf. "Defining the active space of cane toad (Rhinella marina) advertisement calls: males respond from further than females." Behaviour 153, no. 15 (2016): 1951–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003404.
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Many animals produce advertisement vocalisations to attract mates. A vocalisation’s active space is the area within which a receiver responds to it, while its maximum extent occurs when a receiver stops responding. We mapped behavioural responses of male and female cane toads (Rhinella marina) to advertisement calls, by conducting experimental playbacks to: (i) examine attenuation of a cane toad call, (ii) define the active space of these vocalisations, by measuring phonotaxis at different distances from the call, and (iii) quantify the active space of calls for both sexes, separately. The call was fully attenuated 120–130 m from its source. Both sexes displayed positive phonotaxis 20–70 m from calls. Males also displayed positive phonotaxis 70–120 m from calls, whereas females’ movement preferences were random >70 m from a call. Differences between male and female responses were likely driven by differences in their use of information provided by calls.
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Muzzi, Gerson M., Marina H. L. Duarte, Nathália O. Braga, Rogério P. Bastos, and Luciana B. Nascimento. "Acoustic monitoring of anuran communities in road noise disturbed soundscapes." Herpetological Journal 33, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33256/33.2.3442.
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Vocalisation is the main form of communication in frogs. These signals have different social structures and functions. Road noise has increased over the past few decades to the point where it can mask acoustic signals with impacts for animal communication. Anurans are sensitive to noise masking, but few studies have investigated how noise impacts their vocal behaviour. Here, we compared noise levels and activity, as well as calling activity and richness of aurally-identified species, between two sites; one near and one far from a road. We also assessed the potential of noise masking. Noise was significantly higher at the site near the road and during the day at both sites, while vocalisations were more frequent at the far site and during the night. Species richness and composition was the same at both sites, however, Boana albopunctata, B. cipoensis, and Scinax curicica had greater vocal activity at the far site while S. squalirostris, Leptodactylus jolyi, and Dendropsophus minutus had greater vocal activity at the near site. Traffic noise was found to overlap with the frequencies occupied by vocalisations. Since many natural areas around the world are bordered by roads, we emphasise the importance of establishing regulations for the control and monitoring of road noise. Keywords: Anurans, vocalisation, passive acoustic monitoring, noise pollution
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Boisseau, O., D. Gillespie, R. Leaper, and A. Moscrop. "Blue (Balaenoptera musculus) and fin (B. physalus) whale vocalisations measured from northern latitudes of the Atlantic Ocean." J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 10, no. 1 (February 15, 2023): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v10i1.656.
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Vocalisations were recorded in the vicinity of sighted blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) and fin whales (B. physalus) in the North Atlantic between Iceland and Greenland in August 2004 from a hydrophone towed behind a research vessel and from free floating sonobuoys. The structures of recorded calls were broadly similar to those reported from other areas, but lacked the stereotypical patterning of those signals thought to represent reproductive displays. Counts of non-patterned blue whale calls indicated low vocalisation rates, with a mean of 0.62 phrases per whale per hour (0.12 A-B and 0.49 arch phrases per whale per hour). However, vocalisations were highly clustered in time, with 80% of blue whale calls ascribed to the focal animals arriving within a single 80 second period. It is not clear what behavioural, geographical or seasonal trends may influence the vocalisation rate of large baleen whales, and thus direct comparisons between areas are difficult. However, it is hoped the results presented will be of use in interpreting remote recordings of blue whales made from the North Atlantic. Hydrophones were also monitored continuously over 7,757km of trackline using an automated detection algorithm developed for North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis). However, no North Atlantic right whales were seen or heard during the study period.
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Aloufi, Aliaa. "Onomatopoeia and Cat Vocalisations." International Journal of English Linguistics 11, no. 5 (July 19, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v11n5p14.
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Onomatopoeia—the imitation of natural sounds—is a common phenomenon in human language, though imitations of the same sounds might appear different cross-linguistically. It is true that onomatopoeia is not like ordinary language, but how does it differ from natural vocalisation? While the distinction between onomatopoeia and ordinary language has received ample treatment, its difference from natural sounds have so far received less attention from linguistics. This study aims to investigate the phonetic differences between onomatopoeic cat sounds in ten languages and natural cat vocalisations. The findings show some segmental and phonotactical distinctions due to the direct representation of these words regarding their meanings, which clearly indicates that this phenomenon in world languages is not arbitrary and offers strong evidence of iconicity. While arbitrariness is the norm in human language and has an essential impact on language development, there are clearly some nonarbitrary aspects of human language, and onomatopoeia is notable among them.
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Dempster, E. R. "Vocalisations of adult Northern Quolls, Dasyurus hallucatus." Australian Mammalogy 17, no. 1 (1994): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am94005.
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Vocalisations of Northern Quolls, Dasyurus hallucatus, were recorded during staged interactions between pairs of the same sex and different sexes. Four types of vocalisations were identified: 'hisses', 'sniffs', 'squawks' and 'twitters'. No pure ultrasonic calls were identified, although frequencies of twitters and sniffs extended into the ultrasonic range. All vocalisations were broadband, noisy sounds, with little evidence of harmonic structure or frequency modulation. Vocalisations of D. hallucatus are compared with data for other dasyurid species, and the correlation between frequencies of vocalisations and maximum sensitivity of the brain auditory pathway is discussed.
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Yang, L., X. Xu, and P. Berggren. "Spotted seal Phoca largha underwater vocalisations in relation to ambient noise." Marine Ecology Progress Series 683 (February 3, 2022): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13951.
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Animals use different strategies to adjust their vocalisations to compensate for ambient noise interference. This is true for some marine mammals, especially cetaceans, but relatively little is known about this for pinnipeds. We recorded 4 major call types (drum, growl, knock, and sweep) of spotted seals Phoca largha in Liaodong Bay, China, to investigate if seals adjusted their vocalisation parameters in relation to broadband (50-4000 Hz) ambient noise recorded immediately preceding each seal vocalisation. Regression analyses showed that the received level of growls, in both broadband and 1/3-octave bands, centred at 200 and 400 Hz, significantly increased with increasing ambient noise levels. These relationships were not observed in the other 3 call types. Further, regardless of call type, the duration, centroid frequency, and root mean squared bandwidth parameters showed no statistical relationship with noise levels. The noise measured in this study had relatively low broadband levels of 116-132 dB re 1 µPa, and no masking was predicted for any of the 4 call types at 200 and 400 Hz when applying a standard critical ratio approach. It is therefore possible that the ambient noise levels in the study area were not sufficiently loud to induce vocal compensation to avoid masking, but loud enough for the seals to adjust their growl vocalisations. To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate potential vocal adjustment of spotted seals in relation to ambient noise and is important in light of increasing anthropogenic noise in the marine environment.
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Morfi, Veronica, Yves Bas, Hanna Pamuła, Hervé Glotin, and Dan Stowell. "NIPS4Bplus: a richly annotated birdsong audio dataset." PeerJ Computer Science 5 (October 7, 2019): e223. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.223.
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Recent advances in birdsong detection and classification have approached a limit due to the lack of fully annotated recordings. In this paper, we present NIPS4Bplus, the first richly annotated birdsong audio dataset, that is comprised of recordings containing bird vocalisations along with their active species tags plus the temporal annotations acquired for them. Statistical information about the recordings, their species specific tags and their temporal annotations are presented along with example uses. NIPS4Bplus could be used in various ecoacoustic tasks, such as training models for bird population monitoring, species classification, birdsong vocalisation detection and classification.
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Silva, Chamath K., Vinuri Piyathilake, Chamath Keppitiyagama, Asanka P. Sayakkara, Prabash Kumarasinghe, Namal Jayasuriya, and Udayanga Sampath. "A Wavelet Transform-based Feature Extraction Pipeline for Elephant Rumble Detection." International Journal on Advances in ICT for Emerging Regions (ICTer) 16, no. 3 (December 18, 2023): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/icter.v16i3.7268.
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Elephants generate infrasonic vocalisations that traverse through the air for long distances. Utilising this phenomenon, a previous work proposed a system, called Eloc, to localise and track elephants in the wild. The Eloc system has been demonstrated to be accurate in calculating the location of infrasonic sources. However, it still lacks the capability to accurately distinguish elephant infrasonic calls from various other infrasonic sources using limited computing power on board. Addressing this problem, the work presented in this paper introduces an approach to distinguish elephant infrasonic calls with a high accuracy on low-resourced hardware. Firstly, a sequence of operations are performed to reduce the effect of noise in the infrasonic signal captured by an Eloc node. Secondly, a wavelet-based signal reconstruction technique is applied to extract spectral features from the infrasonic signal. Finally, the extracted features are fed to a pre-trained machine learning classifier to distinguish the infrasonic vocalisations of elephants. The experimental evaluation using Asian elephant (Elephas Maximus Maximus) infrasonic vocalisation datasets demonstrates that the proposed approach is capable of accurately distinguishing elephant infrasonic calls on low-resourced hardware platform of the Eloc system, with accuracy levels over 82% under varying environmental conditions.
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Pozo Galván, Yaiza Pilar, María Pérez Tadeo, Morgane Pommier, and Joanne O’Brien. "Static Acoustic Monitoring of Harbour (Phoca vitulina) and Grey Seals (Halichoerus grypus) in the Malin Sea: A Revolutionary Approach in Pinniped Conservation." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2024): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12010118.
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Harbour and grey seals rely on acoustic signals to mate, socialise and defend their territory. Previous studies have focused on their behaviour, movements and communication from the coast, leaving a knowledge gap in the offshore environments, and therefore being unable to determine the proper use they give to those areas and the risks they face around them. Acoustic data collected with a SoundTrap were analysed to assess the detectability of both species in the Malin Sea. Vocalisations were classified based on aural and visual features, as well as using non-parametric classification trees. Differences in the vocalisation rate of grey seals per diel, season and tidal state were also assessed through Generalised Linear Mixed Models, obtaining significant results, and finding similarities in the vocalisations of grey seals with the Scottish and Irish populations. A small sample of adult and pup harbour seals was detected, and differences in call type and number of detections per type were found across the seasons. These results show the importance of the area for both species, and lay the foundations for future studies, which will help to implement proper conservation measures such as Marine Protected Areas.
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Lisboa, Carolina Almeida, Francisco Dyonísio Cardoso Mendes, Maurício Silveira, and Ludmilla Moura de Souza Aguiar. "The Vocal Repertoire of the Bearded Capuchin (Cebidae: Sapajus libidinosus): Implications for Understanding the Complexity of Neotropical Primate Communication." Folia Primatologica 92, no. 3 (2021): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000517917.
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Vocal communication is an essential aspect of primate social behaviour. The bearded capuchin <i>Sapajus libidinosus</i> is endemic to Brazil, and some studies have described specific vocalisation types for this species; however, there is still no complete description of its vocal repertoire. Thus, this study aimed to describe the vocal repertoire of a group of <i>S. libidinosus</i> living in the<i></i>Parque Nacional de Brasília, a protected area in the Cerrado area of Central Brazil. We carried out focal samplings and recording of vocalisations of members of an <i>S. libidinosus</i> troop in different behavioural contexts. The call analyses revealed 25 different types of vocalisations, and each call presented significant structural variation. We grouped these vocalisations according to the context of the emission or acoustic structure into the following categories: contact calls (contact note, infant babbling, trill, teeth- and lip-smacking, and sirena); foraging calls (chihui, grgr, and patinado); whistle series (food-associated, long-distance, and intergroup encounter); aggressive calls (aggressive contact note, ascending rapid staccato, cough cough, and pip); calls in response to aggression (scream, squeal, and pulsed scream), sexual display calls (chuck and raspy oestrous call), and stress-related calls (alarm call/bark, hiccup, hip, double hip, and wah wah). <i>S. libidinosus</i> presented a very rich vocal repertoire, revealing a pattern consistent with the repertoire of other capuchin monkey species. This is the first comprehensive description of the<i> S. libidinosus</i> vocal repertoire and highlights the complexity of neotropical primate communication.
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Pahl, B. C., J. M. Terhune, and H. R. Burton. "Repertoire and Geographic Variation in Underwater Vocalisations of Weddell Seals (Leptonychotes weddellii, Pinnipedia : Phocidae) at the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica." Australian Journal of Zoology 45, no. 2 (1997): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo95044.
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The underwater vocalisations of Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) near Davis, Antarctica, were many and varied. A total of 11029 vocalisations recorded throughout and immediately after the breeding season were analysed. Vocalisations were classified by cluster analysis techniques, based on differences in frequency, duration, call shape, waveform and number of elements. Thirteen broad call categories (many with subdivisions) were identified. Twelve call types (belonging to nine categories) made up 91· 9% of the vocalisations and were present at all seven study sites within the Vestfold Hills, and a single site at the Larsemann Hills approximately 150 km away. A further eight call types (five categories) made up another 6·7% of the vocalisations. These were not detected at every recording site. An additional 29 call types (11 categories) were infrequent and probably reflect the diversity of individual seals. This study strengthens the case for macrogeographic variation in underwater Weddell seal vocalisations around Antarctica. Microgeographic differences, between sites within 150 km, were weak and not consistent between sites or years. Some adult females move to different breeding sites within the Vestfold Hills area between years. This would probably preclude the establishment of site-specific (microgeographic) repertoire differences.
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Schön, PC, B. Puppe, and G. Manteuffel. "Automated recording of stress vocalisations as a tool to document impaired welfare in pigs." Animal Welfare 13, no. 2 (May 2004): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096272860002683x.
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AbstractThe vocalisations of animals are results of particular emotional states. For example, the stress screams of pigs may be indicators of disturbed welfare. Our objective was to develop a system to monitor and record levels of stress calls in pigs, which could be employed in environments of breeding, transportation and slaughter. Using a combination of sound analysis by linear prediction coding and artificial neural networks, it was possible to detect the stress vocalisations of pigs in noisy pig units with few recognition errors (<5%). The system (STREMODO: stress monitor and documentation unit) running on PCs is insensitive to environmental noise, human speech and pig vocalisations other than screams. As a stand-alone device it can be routinely used for the objective, non-invasive measurement of acute stress in various farming environments. The system delivers reliable, reproducible registrations of stress vocalisations. Its detection quality in commercial systems was found to correlate well with that of human experts. STREMODO is particularly well-suited for comparisons of housing and management regimes. Since the system can be trained to recognise various animal vocalisations, its use with other species is also well within its scope.
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Balsby, Thorsten, Simon Boel Pedersen, and Torben Dabelsteen. "Degradation of whitethroat vocalisations: implications for song flight and communication network activities." Behaviour 140, no. 6 (2003): 695–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853903322370634.
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AbstractTransmission of acoustic signals through the habitat modifies the signals and may thus influence their use in communication. We investigated the transmission of five different types of whitethroat (Sylvia communis) vocalisations, three types of song and two calls. Typical examples were broadcast and re-recorded in a whitethroat habitat with hedgerows and open meadow. We used a complete factorial design with speaker and microphone placed in different natural sender and receiver positions including high perches and song flights. Sound degradation was quantified in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, excess attenuation, tail-to-signal ratio and blur ratio. The results suggest that sound degradation generally increased with distance along a hedgerow, which means that birds here potentially may use degradation in assessing the distance to a vocalising individual. This is unlike the open meadow where the change in degradation with distance was negligible. Surprisingly, song flight relative to perched singing seems not to facilitate transmission of own vocalisations or perception of vocalisations from other individuals, and song flight vocalisations do not transmit differently from other types of vocalisations during song flights. One purpose of song flights might therefore be visual location by potential receivers and surveillance by the territory owner. Source level and degradation differed between the five types of vocalisations in accordance with their functions. Motif song and song flight songs used in attraction of females and/or deterrence of males could transmit through neighbouring territories, whereas the calls and the courtship diving song where a specific individual within or near the territory is addressed had relatively short communication ranges.
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Pahl, BC, JM Terhune, and HR Burton. "Proportional Weekly Use of Underwater Call Types by Weddell Seals, Leptonychotes Weddellii (Pinnipedia: Phocidae), During the Breeding Season at the Vestfold Hills." Australian Journal of Zoology 44, no. 1 (1996): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9960075.
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Underwater vocalisations by Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, were recorded during the 1992 breeding season, at the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica. Only 3 of the 12 major call types recorded at all sites had statistically significant variations in utilisation throughout the season. No consistent trends were evident. The underwater calls of Weddell seals increased;in number during the breeding season, hut the proportional weekly usage of each of the major call types did not change. The absence of vocalisation changes suggests that the breeding behaviours of Weddell seals are not synchronous and that the underwater behavioural patterns either do not change during the breeding season or could not be detected because of the asynchrony.
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Lötters, Stefan, Dietrich Mebs, Gunther Köhler, Joseph Vargas, and Enrique La Marca. "The voice from the hereafter: vocalisations in three species of Atelopus from the Venezuelan Andes, likely to be extinct." Herpetozoa 32 (December 4, 2019): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e39192.
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Atelopus is a species-rich group of Neotropical bufonids. Present knowledge on bioacoustics in this genus is relatively poor, as vocalisations have been described in only about one fifth of the ca. 100 species known. All studied members of the genus produce vocalisations although, with a few exceptions, most species lack a middle ear. Nonetheless, hearing has been demonstrated even in earless Atelopus making bioacoustics in these toads an inspiring research field. So far, three structural call types have been identified in the genus. As sympatry is uncommon in Atelopus, calls of the same type often vary little between species. Based on recordings from the 1980s, we describe vocalisations of three Venezuelan species (A. carbonerensis, A. mucubajiensis, A. tamaense) from the Cordillera de Mérida, commonly known as the Andes of Venezuela and the Tamá Massif, a Venezuelan spur of the Colombian Cordillera Oriental. Vocalisations correspond, in part, to the previously identified call types in Atelopus. Evaluation of the vocalisations of the three species presented in this study leads us to recognise a fourth structural call type for the genus. With this new addition, the Atelopus acoustic repertoire now includes (1) pulsed calls, (2) pure tone calls, (3) pulsed short calls and (4) pure tone short calls. The call descriptions provided here are valuable contributions to the bioacoustics of these Venezuelan Atelopus species, since all of them have experienced dramatic population declines that limit possibilities of further studies.
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Moody, Carly M., Georgia J. Mason, Cate E. Dewey, and Lee Niel. "Getting a grip: cats respond negatively to scruffing and clips." Veterinary Record 186, no. 12 (October 5, 2019): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.105261.
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Use of scruffing and scruffing tools (eg, clipnosis clips) to immobilise cats is contentious, and cat handling guidelines vary in recommendations regarding these techniques. The current study examined whether cats show negative responses to the following restraint methods: (1) scruff (n=17), (2) clip application to the dorsal neck skin (n=16) and (3) full body (a known negative; n=19). Each cat was also handled with passive restraint (control) for comparison. During handling, cats were examined for behavioural (side/back ear positions, vocalisations, lip licking) and physiological (pupil dilation ratio, respiratory rate) responses. Full-body restrained cats showed more negative responses than passively restrained cats (respiratory rate: p=0.006, F3,37=4.31, p=0.01; ear p=0.002, F3,49=6.70, p=0.0007; pupil: p=0.007, F3,95=14.24, p=0.004; vocalisations: p=0.009, F3,49=4.85, p=0.005) and scruff-restrained cats (pupil: p=0.009; vocalisations: p=0.04). Clip restraint resulted in more negative responses than passive (pupil: p=0.01; vocalisations: p=0.007, ear p=0.02) and scruff restraint (pupil p=0.01; vocalisations: p=0.02). No differences were detected between full-body restraint, known to be aversive, and clip restraint. Full-body restraint and clip restraint resulted in the greatest number of negative responses, scruffing resulted in fewer negative responses and passive restraint showed the least number of responses. We therefore recommend against the use of full-body and clip restraint, and suggest that scruff restraint should be avoided when possible.
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Austin, Victoria I., Anastasia H. Dalziell, Naomi E. Langmore, and Justin A. Welbergen. "Avian vocalisations: the female perspective." Biological Reviews 96, no. 4 (April 2021): 1484–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/brv.12713.
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Fahn, S. "Paroxysmal myoclonic dystonia with vocalisations." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 50, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.50.1.117.
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Powys, Vicki. "Weebill Vocalisations—An Undescribed Trill." Emu - Austral Ornithology 99, no. 4 (December 1999): 295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu99034c.
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Newson, Pauline. "Caring strategies for inappropriate vocalisations." Nursing and Residential Care 14, no. 10 (October 2012): 539–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2012.14.10.539.
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Garson, P. J., Elizabeth Shillito Walser, S. J. G. Hall, and Margaret A. Vince. "Vocalisations of the Chillingham Cattle." Behaviour 104, no. 1-2 (1988): 78–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853988x00610.
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Pérez Tadeo, María, Martin Gammell, and Joanne O'Brien. "First Steps towards the Automated Detection of Underwater Vocalisations of Grey Seals (Halichoerus grypus) in the Blasket Islands, Southwest Ireland." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 2 (February 4, 2023): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020351.
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Underwater vocalisations of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) were recorded by static acoustic monitoring (SM2M, Wildlife Acoustics) in the vicinity of a colony located at White Strand beach on Great Blasket Island, southwest Ireland during the pre-breeding and breeding seasons. Grey seal vocalisations were first classified across nine different categories based on aural and visual characteristics of the spectrograms, providing an acoustic repertoire for grey seals. This classification was further investigated by applying a classification tree analysis, resulting in five of the initial nine groups being selected. Furthermore, a comparison of two common approaches for the detection and extraction of vocalisations from acoustic files was done using the software Raven Pro and PAMGuard. The outputs of this study will present an essential first step towards the development of a protocol for underwater acoustic monitoring of grey seals in Irish waters and elsewhere.
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Cirillo, Jasmin, and Dietmar Todt. "Perception and judgement of whispered vocalisations." Behaviour 142, no. 1 (2005): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539053627758.
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Black-Décima, Patricia, Alejandra M. Hurtado, J. M. Barbanti Duarte, and Mirta Santana. "Acoustic parameters of courtship and human-directed friendly vocalisations in seven species of Neotropical deer in captivity." Animal Production Science 60, no. 10 (2020): 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19377.
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Context Polygynous deer rut vocalisations have been found to be highly conspicuous, typical of the species and important in sexual selection. Information about vocalisations is not available for Neotropical species (subfamily Odocoileinae). Aims The objective was to record courtship vocalisations from all Neotropical deer available, looking for differences among species useful for taxonomic identification, characterise the vocalisations according to acoustic parameters and to try to determine functions. Methods Four species of brocket deer (red, Mazama americana (n = 9); grey, M. gouazoubira (n = 7); Amazonian brown, M. nemorivaga (n = 3); Brazilian dwarf, M. nana (n = 1)), and one individual each of marsh (Blastocerus dichotomus), white-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus) and taruca (Hippocamellus antisensis) deer were recorded in captivity at two institutions, in conditions of courtship or human interaction. The acoustic analysis was performed with Praat. Data from the first three species of Mazama were analysed statistically with a multilevel model with two layers. Key results In the context of courting either females or humans, male deer produced low-intensity, short-duration (0.1–0.3 s) bleats with fundamental frequencies (F0) between 100 and 400 Hz; calls were similar among species. The duration of these calls for Amazonian brown brocket males was significantly longer than for males of the other two species. Females of two species had longer-duration calls than did males, in friendly interactions with humans. F0 differences among species for both friendly and courtship calls were almost significant for males of M. gouazoubira. Individual differences were highly significant for both duration and mean F0. Mean F0 for courtship calls of adult males was not correlated with body size in six of the seven species, in contrast to the theory of acoustic allometry. Conclusions The production of male courtship bleats is probably a basic feature of Odocoiline deer and is probably important in sexual selection and female choice. The differences from one species to another are not sufficient for taxonomic use but may be incipient isolating mechanisms between grey and Amazonian brown brocket deer. Implications Studies of deer vocalisations have shown their importance in sexual selection and their incredible variety in closely related species and subspecies, but they have dealt mainly with Old World deer. This study fills a gap in our knowledge, as the first on Neotropical deer, which constitute six genera and 17 species and are widely distributed in the Americas. These data are important for future studies on the function and phylogeny of deer vocalisations.
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Knudsen, Jan Sverre. "Children's Improvised Vocalisations: Learning, Communication and Technology of the Self." Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood 9, no. 4 (January 1, 2008): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/ciec.2008.9.4.287.
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The intention of this article is to explore, challenge and expand our understandings of children's improvised vocalisations, a fundamentally human form of expression. Based on selected examples from observation and recording in non-institutional settings, the article outlines how this phenomenon can be understood as learning and as communication. This is supplemented by suggesting a third possible approach which places these vocal forms within the frame of understanding implied by Foucault's term ‘technology of the self’. This theoretical perspective entails recognising improvised vocalisations as tools used to ‘act upon the self’ in order to attain or reinforce a certain mental state or mood — happiness, satisfaction, anger or longing — in short, as a way in which children learn to know the self as a self. In line with a Foucauldian perspective is also a focus on the negotiation of power and how music serves as an empowering agent in children's everyday social interaction. Finally, informed by Vygotsky's approach to understanding the relationship between language and mental development, the author discusses the gradual disappearance of improvised vocalisations.
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Goddard, Cliff, and David Lambert. "Laughter, bonding and biological evolution." European Journal of Humour Research 10, no. 2 (August 11, 2022): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ejhr.2022.10.2.668.
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This paper combines perspectives from evolutionary biology and linguistics to discuss the early evolution of laughter and the possible role of laughter-like vocalisation as a bonding mechanism in hominins and early human species. From the perspective of evolutionary biology, we here emphasise several things: the role of exaptation, the typically very slow pace of evolutionary change, and the danger of projecting backwards from the current utilities of laughter to infer its earlier function, hundreds of thousands, or even millions, of years ago. From the perspective of linguistics, we examine both the semantics of the word ‘laugh’ and the vocal mechanics of human laughter production, arguing that greater terminological care is needed in talking about the precursors of laughter in the ancient evolutionary past. Finally, we turn to hypotheses about how laughter-like vocalisations may have arisen, long before articulate language as we know it today. We focus in particular on Robin Dunbar’s hypothesis that laughter-like vocalisation, which stimulated endorphin production, might have functioned as a bonding mechanism (a kind of “vocal grooming”) among hominins and early human species. The paper contributes to the special issue theme (Humour and Belonging) by casting a long look backwards in time to laughter-like vocalisation as a distant evolutionary precursor of humour, and to bonding as an evolutionary precursor to cognitively and socially modern forms of “belonging”. At the same time, it cautions against casual theorising about the evolutionary origins of laughter.
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Kim, Na Yeon, Seong Jin Kim, Se Young Jang, Hye Jin Seong, Yeong Sik Yun, and Sang Ho Moon. "Characteristics of vocalisation in Hanwoo cattle (Bos taurus coreanae) under different call-causing conditions." Animal Production Science 59, no. 12 (2019): 2169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17698.
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The present study provided basic data regarding cattle farming on the basis of animal welfare, by using Hanwoo cattle (Bos taurus coreanae) vocalisations. We collected and analysed cattle-vocalisation data during situations that commonly occur during cattle farming (steer handling call, n = 130; heifer handling call, n = 418; heifer oestrus call, n = 454; heifer feed-anticipation call, n = 124; calf introduction call, n = 212) at a Hanwoo cattle farm and investigated differences in vocalisation parameters (call duration, call intensity, fundamental frequency, first formant, second formant, third formant, fourth formant) according to the type of call. Regarding call duration, intensity and first formant, the heifer oestrus call was significantly (P < 0.05) longer than were the other calls. The calf introduction call was the second longest in duration and first formant. Regarding fundamental frequency, the steer handling call was significantly higher than were the other calls (P < 0.05), with the heifer oestrus call being the lowest by a significant amount (P < 0.05). Regarding the second and third formants, the feed-anticipation call had a significantly higher frequency than did the other calls (P < 0.05). Regarding the fourth formant, the steer and heifer handling calls showed the highest frequency levels by a significant margin (P < 0.05). The calf introduction and heifer oestrus calls scored the lowest for the third formant and fourth formant (P < 0.05). Ultimately, vocalisation-parameter analysis of Hanwoo in different situations enabled the classification of an auditory communication system on the basis of their physiological and emotional states. Such vocalisation research data can be used for animal welfare and to enable more advanced and precise cattle farming.
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Gordon, J. C. D., J. N. Matthews, S. Panigada, A. Gannier, J. F. Borsani, and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara. "Distribution and relative abundance of striped dolphins, and distribution of sperm whales in the Ligurian Sea cetacean sanctuary: results from a collaboration using acoustic monitoring techniques." J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2000): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v2i1.486.
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The distribution and relative abundance of groups of striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) in the Ligurian Sea cetacean sanctuary, based on acoustic surveys carried out in the summers of 1994-1996, is presented. Abundance indices based on acoustic detections were adjusted for covariates likely to influence the detectability of dolphin vocalisations, such as wind speed, background noise and sea state. Dolphin vocalisation rates were shown to vary diurnally, being higher at night, and this effect was also modelled and removed. Results showed that dolphin groups were fairly evenly distributed throughout the sanctuary, but they were more abundant in offshore waters, peaking at water depths between 2,000-2,500m. Preliminary sightings results also indicated larger-sized groups in offshore regions. Relative abundance does not appear to vary significantly over the summer months. Sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) were detected at 4% of monitoring stations, representing at least 61 different group encounters. Although not common, they appeared to be widely distributed in deep water throughout the study area.
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Walker, Peter. "Cross-Sensory Correspondences and Naive Conceptions of Natural Phenomena." Perception 41, no. 5 (January 1, 2012): 620–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p7195.
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Cross-sensory correspondences automatically intrude on performance in elaborate laboratory tasks (see Spence 2011 Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics73 971–995, for a review). Outside such tasks, might they be responsible for some popular misconceptions about natural phenomena? Four simple demonstrations reveal how the correspondences between surface-lightness and weight, and between surface-lightness and auditory pitch, generate misconceptions about the weight and movement of objects and the vocalisations of animals. Specifically, people expect darker objects to be heavier than lighter-coloured objects, to free-fall more quickly, to roll across a table more slowly, and to make lower-pitched vocalisations when they come to life.
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Wheeldon, Amie, Paweł Szymański, Michał Budka, and Tomasz S. Osiejuk. "Structure and functions of Yellow-breasted Boubou (Laniarius atroflavus) solos and duets." PeerJ 8 (October 21, 2020): e10214. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10214.
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Background Birds have extremely well-developed acoustic communication and have become popular in bioacoustics research. The majority of studies on bird song have been conducted in the temperate zones where usually males of birds sing to attract females and defend territories. In over 360 bird species mostly inhabiting the tropics both males and females sing together in duets. Avian duets are usually formed when a male and female coordinate their songs. We focused on a species with relatively weakly coordinated duets, with male solo as the prevailing vocalisation type. Methods Instead of analysing a set of recordings spread over a long time, we analysed whole day microphone-array recordings of the Yellow-breasted Boubou (Laniarius atroflavus), a species endemic to West African montane rainforests. We described the structure of the solo and duet vocalisations and temporal characteristics of daily activity based on 5,934 vocal bouts of 18 focal pairs and their neighbours. Results Birds had small, sex specific repertoires. All males shared three types of loud whistles functioning as song type repertoires in both solos and duets. Females vocalised with five types of harsh, atonal notes with a more variable and usually lower amplitude. Three of them were produced both as solos and in duets, while two seem to function as alarm and excitement calls given almost exclusively as a solo. Solos were the most common vocalisation mode (75.4%), with males being more vocally active than females. Duets accounted for 24.6% of all vocalisations and in most cases were initiated by males (81%). The majority of duets were simple (85.1%) consisting of a single male and female song type, but altogether 38 unique duet combinations were described. Males usually initiated singing at dawn and for this used one particular song type more often than expected by chance. Male solo and duet activities peaked around dawn, while female solos were produced evenly throughout the day. Discussion Yellow-breasted Boubou is a duetting species in which males are much more vocal than females and duetting is not a dominating type of vocal activity. Duet structure, context and timing of daily production support the joint resource defence hypothesis and mate guarding/prevention hypotheses, however maintaining pair contact also seems to be important. This study provides for the first time the basic quantitative data describing calls, solos and duet songs in the Yellow-breasted Boubou.
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Poisbleau, Maud, Laurent Demongin, Loïc A. Hardouin, David Carslake, Marcel Eens, and Petra Quillfeldt. "Hatching Vocalisations in Free-Living Rockhopper Penguins." Ardea 101, no. 1 (May 2013): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5253/078.101.0105.
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TOURRETTE, Éric. "Les vocalisations dansLe véritable Saint Genestde Rotrou." L'Information Grammaticale 115 (October 31, 2007): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ig.115.0.2024723.
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TIETZE, D., J. MARTENS, Y. SUN, and M. PACKERT. "Evolutionary history of treecreeper vocalisations (Aves: Certhia)☆." Organisms Diversity & Evolution 8, no. 4 (October 31, 2008): 305–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ode.2008.05.001.
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Countryman, June, Martha Gabriel, and Katherine Thompson. "Children's spontaneous vocalisations during play: aesthetic dimensions." Music Education Research 18, no. 1 (March 12, 2015): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14613808.2015.1019440.
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Ward, Roslyn, Neville Hennessey, Elizabeth Barty, Robyn Cantle Moore, Catherine Elliott, and Jane Valentine. "Profiling the Longitudinal Development of Babbling in Infants with Cerebral Palsy: Validation of the Infant Monitor of Vocal Production (IMP) Using the Stark Assessment of Early Vocal Development-Revised (SAEVD-R)." Diagnostics 13, no. 23 (November 23, 2023): 3517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13233517.
Full textAbstract:
Aim: We compared early vocal development in children “at risk” for cerebral palsy (CP) with typically developing (TD) infants aged 6 to 15 months using the SAEVD-R, investigating potential pre-linguistic markers of communication impairment. Additionally, we sought to examine the agreement between the SAEVD-R and IMP, which uses parent report, in identifying departure from typical vocal development in at-risk infants. Method: Utilising a longitudinal cohort study, >10,000 vocalisations of 33 infants (15 at risk for CP and 18 TD) were assessed at 6, 9, 12, and 15 months using the SAEVD-R. Generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs) compared groups, and Spearman correlations explored IMP ceiling scores and SAEVD-R measures. Results: At 6 months, both TD and CP groups reached SAEVD-R vocalisation level 3 (expansion). By 9 months, 51% of TD infants progressed to advanced babbling (levels 4 and 5), while 80% of at-risk infants remained at level 3. At 12 and 15 months, over 90% of TD children advanced, compared to 67% at 12 months and 53% at 15 months for at-risk infants, who stayed at the pre-canonical stage. Strong correlations were found between IMP scores and vocalisation levels at 9 and 12 months. Remaining at the pre-canonical stage at 12 months correlated with delayed vocal development as per IMP scores. Interpretation: TD infants achieved higher SAEVD-R levels than at-risk infants. At 12 months, IMP scores effectively identified infants with speech-like vocalisation difficulties, demonstrating its clinical utility in identifying atypical vocal development in infants at risk for CP.
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Van Parijs, Sofie M., Vincent M. Janik, and Paul M. Thompson. "Display-area size, tenure length, and site fidelity in the aquatically mating male harbour seal, Phoca vitulina." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 2209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-165.
Full textAbstract:
Previous studies of the distribution and activity of male harbour seals, Phoca vitulina, based on telemetric techniques have shown that males restrict their range at the onset of the mating season and perform vocal and dive displays. While these data illustrated broad changes in male behaviour and distribution, they were not precise enough to reveal the extent to which individual males repeatedly return to the same locations to display. In this study we used an acoustic array to localise male vocalisations. This technique provided small-scale information on male behaviour over 3 consecutive years. This study provides the first details concerning display-area size in an aquatically mating phocid. Male vocalisations were located in two discrete areas each covering between 40 and 135 m2. Vocalisations were repeatedly located in these two areas over the 3-year period. Comparisons of four vocal parameters suggested that only one individual occupied each area throughout a mating season. Furthermore, comparative analysis suggested that males might return to the same two display areas in successive years. Although the number of males using the site was small, this study showed that acoustic localisation can be a valuable tool for detailed study of the underwater behaviour of aquatically mating pinnipeds.