Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vocal quality'
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Eadie, Tanya L. "A perceptual investigation of vocal quality using backward speech." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0004/MQ42063.pdf.
Full textBeck, J. M. "Organic variation and voice quality." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382921.
Full textChan, Mei-mei Rainy. "The effect of hydration and vocal rest on vocal quality and function after Karaoke singing among people." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36207457.
Full text"A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, May 10, 2000." Also available in print.
Samlan, Robin Amy. "Kinematic Modeling of Asymmetric Vocal Fold Vibration." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/232456.
Full textManickam, Kathiresan. "Objective voice quality modelling and analysis of vocal fold functionality in radiotherapy." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421413.
Full textMalandraki, Georgia. "Persisting Effects of Aspiration and Penetration on Voice Quality and Vocal Pitch." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1103140461.
Full textMalandraki, Georgia A. "Persisting effects of aspiration and penetration on voice quality and vocal pitch." Ohio : Ohio University, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1103140461.
Full textMitchell, Helen Frances. "Defining vocal quality in female classical singers: pedagogical, acoustical and perceptual studies." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/710.
Full textMitchell, Helen Frances. "Defining vocal quality in female classical singers: pedagogical, acoustical and perceptual studies." University of Sydney. Australian Centre for Applied Research in Music Performance, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/710.
Full textCalaf, Neus. "Adaptació i validació d'una versió blingüe (català/castellà) del protocol consensus auditory-perceptual evaluation of voice (CAPE-V) per a l'avaluació clínica de la qualitat vocal." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457560.
Full textA significant percentage of the population is affected by alterations of voice. Individuals experiencing voice alterations report adverse consequences in their life quality due to their voice. Evaluation of voice quality is one of the key foundations of clinical voice evaluation. The Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V), developed and endorsed by the American Speech-Language- Hearing Association, is the most advanced instrument for the perceptual clinical evaluation of vocal quality currently available. However, the involved vocal tasks require that the instrument is adapted to the users’ language and culture. The objective of this work was to adapt and validate a bilingual (Catalan/Spanish) version of CAPE-V (B-CC CAPE-V). Through a process of rational validation by experts, a protocol of tasks was obtained that preserves the objectives of the original instrument, and also the relevance of the phonetic criteria in the target languages. Likewise, a consensus was reached for the terminology of the diferent evaluation attributes of voice quality, also with contributions from the authors of the original instrument. In addition, the results from our research demonstrate validity and reliability of the adapted instrument at four different levels, i.e. content validity for tasks and attributes, concurrent validity, construct validity, and intrajudge reliability. One more analysis, interjudge reliability, was found to depend on the extent to which evaluators share internal standards. An original methodology was employed for the study of construct validity, focused on the evaluators’ experiences using the instrument. In all, as a result of this PhD thesis, an adapted, validated version of an international instrument is made available to clinical professionals for the evaluation of vocal quality in Catalan and Spanish speakers.
Ribeiro, Mariana Oliveira. "Pediatric Voice Related Quality of Life (pVR- QOL): tradução e adaptação para o português europeu." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4746.
Full textO presente estudo tem como principais objetivos a tradução e adaptação do questionário de autoperceção de qualidade vocal- Pediatric Voice Related Quality of Life (pVR- QOL) para falantes do Português Europeu, assim como a realização de um pré-teste. O referido questionário foi traduzido e adaptado para o Português por especialistas na Língua Inglesa e Portuguesa. Contou ainda com a colaboração de Terapeutas da Fala e profissionais da área da Qualidade de Vida. A versão final deste questionário, intitulada como “Questionário de Qualidade de Vida Relacionada com a Voz Pediátrica (QVRVp)” foi aplicada a 44 pais. Foram formados dois grupos: 37 pais de crianças sem patologia vocal, que frequentam o Colégio de Ermesinde e 7 pais de crianças com patologia vocal diagnosticada, acompanhadas no Centro Hospitalar do Porto- Hospital de Santo António. Como principais resultados obtidos podemos salientar a média de idades de 7,64 anos e que 50% da amostra é do sexo feminino e 50% do masculino. Em relação ao grupo patológico 4 crianças são do sexo feminino e 3 do masculino, enquanto no grupo não patológico 18 crianças são do sexo feminino e 19 do masculino. Verificaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os dois grupos. De forma discriminativa, 8 de 10 perguntas permitem identificar o grupo com patologia, em comparação com o grupo sem patologia. Com esta investigação é possível concluir que o questionário em estudo pode ser utilizado como instrumento na avaliação e intervenção de Terapia da Fala, nas perturbações vocais da população pediátrica. Deste modo facilita-se a maior consciencialização para os problemas da voz, cada vez mais frequentes em idades precoces.
The main aims of this study are the translation and adaptation of a vocal quality self-perception questionnaire – Pediatric Voice Related Quality of Life (pVR-QOL) – for European Portuguese speakers, as well as the completion of a pretest. This questionnaire was translated and adapted into Portuguese by specialists in English Language and Portuguese. It also counted with the collaboration of Speech Therapists and experts in the field of Quality of Life. The final version of the questionnaire titled “Questionário de Qualidade de Vida Relacionada com a Voz Pediátrica (QVRVp)” was applied to 44 parents. Two groups were formed: 37 parents of children without vocal pathology, attending the College of Ermesinde and 7 parents of children diagnosed with vocal pathology, who attained the Centro Hospitalar do Porto – Hospital de Santo António. As main results we can point out the average age of 7.64 years and that 50% of the sample was female and 50% male. In terms of disease group, 4 children are female and 3 are males, while in non-pathological group 18 children are female and 19 are male. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups. In a discriminative manner, 8 out of 10 questions identify the disease group compared with the group without pathology. With this research we conclude that the questionnaire used in this study can be a tool in the assessment and speech therapy intervention, in paediatric voice disorders. Thus, it allows greater awareness of voice problems, which are increasing in younger ages.
Tolin, Craig Edmond. "A Spectral Analysis of Selected Vowels Sung by Bass and Baritone Student Singers." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330963/.
Full textMadazio, Glaucya [UNIFESP]. "Diagrama de desvio fonatório na clínica vocal." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2009. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9329.
Full textObjetivo:Identificar quais as características discriminatórias do diagrama de desvio fonatório em vozes predominantemente adaptadas, rugosas,soprosas e tensas,em indivíduos adultos.Método:Foram analisadas 196 amostras vocais da vogal /ε/ sustentada de indivíduos adultos, divididas em dois grupos, 163 com alteração vocal e 33 sem alteração vocal.As amostras foram submetidas a dois tipos de avaliação,a perceptivo-auditiva e a acústica.A avaliação perceptivo-auditiva concentrou-se na identificação do tipo de predominância da qualidade vocal–adaptada,rugosa,soprosa ou tensa,e no grau de alteração da qualidade alterada,por meio da escala analógico-visual e sua correspondência numérica.A análise acústica do sinal vocal foi realizada no programa VoxMetria(CTS Informática)e abrangeu a configuração da distribuição das amostras vocais no diagrama de desvio fonatório quanto à área de normalidade,densidade, forma e localização nos quadrantes,e a extração de medidas acústicas como frequência fundamental,jitter,shimmer,correlação e GNE.Resultados: Houve diferença significante na localização das amostras vocais em relação à área de normalidade do diagrama, sendo que 100 por cento(33)das vozes adaptadas encontraram-se dentro da área e 69,3 por cento(113)das alteradas fora dela(p<0,001).Vozes adaptadas apresentaram densidade concentrada(78,8 por cento, 26)com diferença significante das vozes alteradas (p<0,001),que apresentaram densidade ampliada(56,4 por cento, 92).Em relação ao tipo de voz,todas as vozes adaptadas localizaram-se no quadrante inferior esquerdo, 45 por cento(27)das rugosas no quadrante inferior direito, 52,6 por cento(30)das soprosas no superior direito e 54,3 por cento(25)das tensas no inferior esquerdo.Quanto ao grau de alteração vocal, das 16 vozes alteradas avaliadas com grau 1, 93,8 por cento(15)localizaram-se no quadrante inferior esquerdo.As vozes classificadas com grau 3 de alteração dividiram-se entre os quadrantes inferior e superior direitos.Dos desvios vocais intensos,80 por cento(8)localizaram-se no quadrante superior direito.O quadrante inferior esquerdo concentrou vozes avaliadas na escala analógico-visual até 35,5mm(grau 1)e algumas de 35,5 a 50,5mm(grau 2).As vozes com grau 3 de alteração distribuíram-se nos quadrantes inferior direito,superior esquerdo e superior direito,sendo que neste localizaram-se as vozes com pior grau de alteração.Os valores de jitter e shimmer diferenciaram as vozes tensas das rugosas(p<0,021 e p=0,0032; respectivamente)e das soprosas (p=0,021 e p=0,005,respectivamente).O GNE também diferenciou as vozes tensas das rugosas(p=0,003)e das soprosas(p<0,002),além de diferenciar vozes rugosas e soprosas(p<0,001).A correlação entre F0 e os demais parâmetros acústicos não foi significante e a qualidade da correlação foi péssima:jitter(p=0,257; -8,9 por cento),shimmer (p=0,158; -11,2 por cento),correlação(p=0,285; 8,4 por cento) e GNE(p=0,790; -2,1 por cento).Conclusões:O diagrama de desvio fonatório diferenciou vozes adaptadas e vozes alteradas.Vozes adaptadas localizaram-se dentro da área de normalidade e,a maioria das vozes alteradas, fora.Não houve relação entre tipo de voz, densidade e forma no diagrama.A distribuição das vozes nos quadrantes relacionou-se com o tipo e o grau da alteração da voz.O GNE foi o único parâmetro acústico capaz de diferenciar os três tipos de vozes alteradas.
Purpose: To identify which characteristics discriminates the hoarseness diagram of adult voices that are predominantly adapted, rough, breathy and strained. Method: 196 adult voice samples of the sustained vowel “ae” were analyzed. They were distributed into two groups, 163 with vocal deviation and 33 with healthy voices. Voice samples were submitted to two types of analyses: acoustic and auditory perceptual. The perceptual analyses focused on the identification of the vocal quality predominance – adapted, rough, breathy and strained and also in the degree of deviation, by using a visual analogue scale and its numeric correspondence. The acoustic analyses was performed by means of the VoxMetria software (CTS Informatica) and consisted of assessing the configuration of vocal sample distribution in the hoarseness diagram according to normality area, density, shape and location in the quadrants, and the extraction of fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, correlation and GNE. Results: There was a significant difference in the position of the voice samples in relation to the normality area of the diagram, meaning that 100% (33) of the adapted voices were located inside this area and 69.3% (113) of the deviated voices were outside it (p<0.001). Adapted voices presented concentrated density (78.8%, 26), which were statistically different from the deviated voices (56.4%, 92) that presented spread density (56.4%, 92). As far as voice type is concerned, all adapted voices were located at the inferior left quadrant, 45% (27) of the rough voices were at the inferior right, 52.6% (30) of the breathy voices were at the superior right and 54.3% (25) of the strained were at the inferior left. Concerning the degree of severity of vocal deviation, 93.8% of the 16 deviated voices evaluated as having a 1 degree of deviation were located at the inferior and superior right quadrants. In the other hand, 80 % (8) of the voice with a severe degree of deviation were located in the superior right quadrant. The inferior left quadrant concentrated the voices evaluated by the visual analogue scale up to 35.5mm (degree 1) and some from 35.5 to 50.5mm (degree 2). Voices with 3 degree of deviation were located in the inferior right Abstract and both superior left and right quadrants. The voices with the worse degree of deviation were located at the superior right quadrant. Jitter and shimmer differed the strained voices from the rough voices (p<0.021 e p=0.0032 respectively) and from the breathy voices (p=0.021 e p=0.005, respectively). The GNE did also differ the strained voices from the rough voices (p=0.003) and from the breathy voices (p<0.002).It also differentiated the rough from the breathy voices (p<0.001). The correlation between F0 and the other acoustic parameters was not significant and the quality of correlation was very poor: jitter (p=0.257; -8.9%), shimmer (p=0.158; -11.2%), correlation (p=0.285; 8.4%) and GNE (p=0.790; -2.1%). Conclusions: The hoarseness diagram differentiated the adapted from the deviated voices. Adapted voices were located in the normality area, and the majority of the deviated voices were outside it. There was not a relationship between type of voice, density and shape of configuration of vocal sample distribution in the diagram. The distribution of voices in the quadrants related to the type and degree of severity of voice deviation. GNE was the only acoustic parameter able to differ from the three types of deviated voices.
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Oliveira, Cristiane Ferraz de. "Características biológicas e vocais durante o desenvolvimento vocal masculino nos períodos pré, peri e pós muda vocal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/82/82131/tde-13022008-143107/.
Full textThe great changes that occur in male\'s voice during puberty make the study of normal vocal male development a very interesting subject, however not much studied. In this manner, the aim of this study was to verify biological and vocal characteristics during vocal male development in vocal premutation, mutation, and postmutation. Eighty-five male subjects with ages ranging between 8 and 18 years (\'X BARRA\' = 14 years \'+ OU -\' 32 months) participated in this study. They were divided in 4 groups, according to their vocal development, such as: \"premutation\", \"mutation\", \"end of mutation\" and \"postmutation\". All the subjects have undergone an interview, a stature and weight measurement, a self-assessment of sexual maturation, a perceptive assessment of speaking voice (GIRBAS scale), measurements of habitual fundamental frequency, and computerized phonetography. The results have shown that during vocal development there was a significant increase of stature and weight; a gradual development of genitals and pubic, axillary and facial hair; a small percentage of vocal dysfonia for all groups specially during vocal mutation (groups \"mutation\" and \"end of mutation\"); a significant decrease of habitual fundamental frequency (approximately one octave). With regard to phonetography there was a significant decrease of minimum and maximum frequencies of phonetography (11st and 7st respectively); a significant increase of vocal range mainly toward lower frequencies; a significant occurrence of voice breaks, during phonetography, in vocal mutation. There was no significant change of minimum and maximum intensities; no significant change of maximum dynamic range, but it was dislocated toward lower frequencies; and a non significant increase of the phonetogram area. The most observed changes in phonetography occurred during vocal mutation, between the groups \"mutation\" and \"end of mutation\".
Masaki, Asako. "Optimizing acoustic and perceptual assessment of voice quality in children with vocal nodules." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54666.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-109).
Few empirically-derived guidelines exist for optimizing the assessment of vocal function in children with voice disorders. The goal of this investigation was to identify a minimal set of speech tasks and associated acoustic analysis methods that are most salient in characterizing the impact of vocal nodules on vocal function in children. Hence, a pediatric assessment protocol was developed based on the standardized Consensus Auditory Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V) used to evaluate adult voices. Adult and pediatric versions of the CAPE-V protocols were used to gather recordings of vowels and sentences from adult females and children (4-6 and 8-10 year olds) with normal voices and vocal nodules, and these recordings were subjected to perceptual and acoustic analyses. Results showed that perceptual ratings for breathiness best characterized the presence of nodules in children's voices, and ratings for the production of sentences best differentiated normal voices and voices with nodules for both children and adults. Selected voice quality-related acoustic algorithms designed to quantitatively evaluate acoustic measures of vowels and sentences, were modified to be pitch-independent for use in analyzing children's voices. Synthesized vowels for children and adults were used to validate the modified algorithms by systematically assessing the effects of manipulating the periodicity and spectral characteristics of the synthesizer's voicing source.
(cont.) In applying the validated algorithms to the recordings of subjects with normal voices and vocal nodules, the acoustic measure tended to differentiate normal voices and voices with nodules in children and adults, and some displayed significant correlations with the perceptual attributes of overall severity of dysphonia, roughness, and/or breathiness. None of the acoustic measures correlated significantly with the perceptual attribute of strain. Limitations in the strength of the correlations between acoustic measures and perceptual attributes were attributed to factors that can be addressed in future investigations, which can now utilize the algorithms that were developed in this investigation for children's voices. Preliminary recommendations are made for the clinical assessment of pediatric voice disorders.
by Asako Masaki.
Ph.D.
GROVES, WRIGHT KATHY J. "ACOUSTICS AND PERCEPTION OF WET VOCAL QUALITY IN IDENTIFYING PENETRATION/ASPIRATION DURING SWALLOWING." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1176987749.
Full textSamlan, Robin A., and Brad H. Story. "Influence of Left–Right Asymmetries on Voice Quality in Simulated Paramedian Vocal Fold Paralysis." AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623624.
Full textNeves, Yole Cristina de Souza. "Qualidade de vida e desvantagem vocal em sujeitos com doença de Parkinson." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/11875.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and degenerative central nervous system that primarily affects individuals over 60 years. Studies have evaluated the PD and revealed negative impact on quality of life (QL). Purpouse: To investigate the association between QL and self-reported voice handicap in subjects with PD by means of two separate protocols. Method: The sample consisted of 32 subjects 18 men and 14 women with a diagnosis of PD between the stages 2, which included (9 subjects), 2,5 (eight subjects) and 3 (15 subjects) of Hoehn & Yahr (HY), and with a positive response to antiparkinsonian medication and the antiparkinsonian medication associated with antidepressant medication. Two questionnaires related QL were administered: the first one is the specific questionnaire called the QL in PD (PDQ-39); and the second is specific to QL related to voice, the voice handicap index (VHI). Results: The mean age of the subjects was 68,48 years, the time of disease 6,4 years. Nineteen subjects were the exclusive use of antiparkinsonian medication and 13 were using antiparkinsonian medication associated with the antidepressant. According to the responses from the questionnaire PDQ-39 we could verify that the mobility domain scores ranged from 23% until 100%, the variation in the ADL domain was from 25% until 100%, the field from emotional well-being ranged from 4% until 100%, the stigma was from 0 until 100%, the field social support ranged from 8% until 100%, in cognition the scores varied from 6% until 100%, the communication field ranged from 25% until 100%; in the area of bodily discomfort, the variation was from 13% until 100% and the total score ranged from 17% until 100%. Regarding the response obtained by questionnaire VHI we could verify that the organic domain scores ranged from 63% until 93% in the operational area ranging from 20% until 100%, in the emotional domain ranged from 10% until 100% and the total score ranged from 29% until 100%. With regard to drugs and the scale of HY was observed that subjects who have exclusive use of antiparkinsonian medication and were in HY stage 3 had higher scores on the PDQ-39 while the subjects who used antiparkinsonian medication, associated with antidepressant, and were in stage 3 HY showed higher scores in the VHI. Conclusion: Based on the results was observed the relationship between QL and voice in individuals with PD by means of two separate questionnaires
Introdução: a doença de Parkinson (DP) é uma afecção crônica e degenerativa do sistema nervoso central que afeta principalmente sujeitos acima de 60 anos. Estudos avaliaram que a DP revelou impacto negativo na qualidade de vida (QV). Objetivo: investigar, por meio de dois protocolos distintos, a associação entre QV e desvantagem vocal autorreferidas em sujeitos com DP. Método: a amostra foi composta por 32 sujeitos - 18 homens e 14 mulheres - com diagnóstico de DP entre os estágios 2, que compreendia (9 sujeitos), 2,5 (8 sujeitos) e 3 (15 sujeitos) da escala de Hoehn & Yahr (HY) e, com resposta positiva à medicação antiparkinsoniana bem como à medicação antiparkinsoniana associada antidepressiva . Foram aplicados 2 questionários relacionados a QV, sendo 1 específico a DP e denominado questionário de qualidade de vida na doença de Parkinson (PDQ-39) e, outro específico para QV relacionado à voz, o índice de desvantagem vocal (IDV). Resultados: a média de idade dos sujeitos da amostra foi de 68,48 anos, o tempo da doença de 6,4anos. Dezenove sujeitos faziam uso exclusivo da medicação antiparkinsoniana e 13 faziam uso da medicação antiparkinsoniana associada à antidepressiva. De acordo com as respostas obtidas no questionário PDQ-39 foi possível verificar que os escores no domínio mobilidade variou de 23% a 100%; no domínio AVD a variação foi de 25% a 100%; o domínio bem estar emocional variou de 4% a 100%; o estigma foi de 0 a 100%; o domínio apoio social variou de 8% a 100%; na cognição o escore variou de 6% a 100%; o domínio comunicação variou de 25% a 100%; no domínio desconforto corporal a variação foi de 13% a 100% e o escore total variou de 17% a 100%. Em relação às respostas obtidas pelo questionário IDV foi possível verificar que os escores no domínio orgânico variou de 63% a 93%; no domínio funcional variou de 20% a 100%, no domínio emocional variou de 10% a 100% e o escore total variou de 29% a 100%. No que se refere aos fármacos e a escala de HY observou-se que sujeitos que fizeram uso exclusivo da medicação antiparkinsoniana e encontravam-se no estágio 3 HY apresentaram escores mais elevados no PDQ-39 enquanto os sujeitos que fizeram uso da medicação antiparkinsoniana, associada à antidepressiva e, encontravam-se no estágio 3 HY, demonstraram escores mais elevados no IDV. Conclusão: a partir dos resultados obtidos foi observado, por meio de dois questionários distintos, a relação entre a QV e a voz em sujeitos com DP
Harris, Lee Davis. "A Study of Intensity Control in Males with Developing Voices: Implications for Pitch Range and Tessitura." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277974/.
Full textIRWIN, LINDSAY K. "PERCEPTUAL EVALUATION OF VOICE QUALITY OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DYSPHAGIA AND DYSPHONIA." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1148416348.
Full textLundeborg, Hammarström Inger, Elisabeth Hultcrantz, Elisabeth Ericsson, and Anita McAllister. "Acoustic and perceptual aspects of vocal function in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy —effects of surgery." Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-61240.
Full textPereira, Patricia Moraes. "Análise comparativa da voz em jovens mulheres antes e depois da prova de fala contínua." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17151/tde-20072016-143744/.
Full textPURPOSE: To compare the woman\'s voice before and after 60 and 90 minutes of continuous speech test, and after 15 break minutes. METHODS: Thirty-one women aged between 18 and 25 years, were submitted to phonation endurance task, using the reading of a standard text for 90 minutes repeating until the time was over. Before the continuous speech task after 60 minutes, after 90 minutes, and after 15 minutes of absolute voice rest, it was applied a questionnaire to knowledge of well-being vocal and was recorded the prolonged vowel \"a\", to take in a posterior time the acoustic measurements and perceptual analysis using the GIRBAS scale. Then, it was done the mensuration of measures phonation air system, using the protocols: lung vital capacity (LVC), maximum phonation time (MPT) and vocal efficiency (VE). The vocal intensity was recorded with a decibelimeter and self-assessment of auditory, tactile and kinesthetic perception of voice using a visual analog scale of 100mm. RESULTS: After 60 minutes of speech, increased the fundamental frequency (f0) of 215.4 for 220,2Hz (p <0.01), the ATRI (p = 0.04) and NHR (p = 0.03) with 90 minutes f0 ranged from 215.4 to 223,6Hz (p <0.01), also increasing FHI (p = 0.04), and Flo (p = 0.02) and decreasing APQ (p = 0.01) and VTi (p = 0.04). Comparing the measures observed in pre-test and after the break, increased f0 (p <0.01), FHI (p = 0.02) and Flo (p = 0.03). Between time of 60 minutes and after the break, was observed an increase in PPQ (p = 0.04) of ATRI (p = 0.06) and NHR (p = 0.02). For 90 minutes rest, PPQ (p = 0.03) and Fatr (p = 0.04) increased. Twentyseven subjects had overall grade of dysphonia 1 for both 60 minutes and for 90 minutes and began to show four grade 2 in 90 minutes (p = 0.04). The parameter of instability changed of step 1, with 60 minutes to 2 degree, with 90 minutes of continuous speech (p = <0.01). The usual intensity increased (p <0.01) 61.4 to 63,4dB after 90 minutes. After the break, there was a decrease in the intensity (p = 0.01), compared to the pre-test. In the measurements observed by phonation air system the flow of expiratory air decreased after 90 minutes of speech (p = 0.04) and raised after the rest (p = 0.04). After 90 minutes of speech f0 (Hz) to 221.54 211.85 increased (p <0.01). The aerodynamic resistance, acoustic impedance and aerodynamic efficiency increased after 60 and after 90 minutes of speech. Self perceptual assessment and tactile-kinesthetic voice, noted that after 90 minutes of continuous talk all the symptoms get worse, except for hoarseness and a deep voice. CONCLUSION: There were changes of acoustic measurements after continuous speech task. The overall degree of dysphonia and vocal instability increased after 90 minutes of continuous speech. The aerodynamic measures worked in different ways about the protocols used and the time evaluation. The usual voice intensity increased after 90 minutes of continuous speech and perceptual symptoms auditory and tactilekinesthetic increased after continuous speech task
Rojas, Gleidy Vannesa Espitia. "Avaliação vocal e da qualidade de vida em pacientes com distonia laríngea em tratamento com toxina botulínica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17151/tde-10032014-111019/.
Full textThe purpose of this study was to characterize, compare, and correlate the laryngeal dystonia in individuals before, after 30, and 120 days after the application of botulinum toxin type A in the unilateral thyroarytenoid muscle the perceptual vocal and visual parameters and the vocal impact in quality of life. 16 individuals with diagnosed laryngeal dystonia participated in the study, 11 being of the female gender and five of the male gender, with an average age of 57 years and two months, being that 68.75% of individuals having presented associated vocal tremor. All individuals were subjected to: the application of botulinum toxin type A (Dysport®) via electromyography in the unilateral thyroarytenoid muscle, a recording of the vocal sound waves, filling out a survey about his/her quality of life and an Voice Handicap Index (VHI) before the botulinum toxin injection, in the first follow-up on average 36 days after, and in the second follow-up concurrent with the new botulinum toxin application visit, which was on average after 137 days. The results for the perceptual auditory and visual analysis of vocal sound waves and symptoms, conducted by two adjudicating voice specialists, revealed in the comparison between the pre-application and the first follow-up a decrease in the severity of the oscillation intensity, voice breaks (sonority), and vocal tremor (p=0.002), however, revealed no changes in the second follow-up. During the three visits, no changes were observed in grading the severity of voice quality in tense-strangled voice, roughness, breathiness and asthenia. For this analysis, a very good and excellent agreement between the adjudicators was noted (0.71 to 0.99). Comparing the pre-application and the first follow-up, for the index of vocal disability, a decrease in the values of total score (p=0.039) and of emotional mastery (p=0.035) was observed, whereas comparing the pre-application and the second follow-up, there was a significant decrease only for functional mastery (p=0.03). In this way, between perceptual auditory and visual analysis, grading the severity of vocal quality and the total score of the Voice Handicap Index, a moderate correlation was evident in the pre-application and second follow-up and a faint correlation was evident in the first follow-up. Therefore, it can be concluded that the treatment with botulinum toxin for individuals with laryngeal distonia who participated in this study proved effective in the decrease of symptoms, as well as in a vocal impact of quality of life which created changes in the phonatory function and facilitated communication after 30 days of the application, with a return of vocal symptoms for the majority of individuals after 120 days.
Silva, Daniel Pestana da. "Proposta de periodização do treinamento vocal com técnica de vibração sonorizada de língua." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25143/tde-08082016-083746/.
Full textPhysical training is a repetitive and systematic process composed of physical progressive exercises which aims to improve the performance. One of the principles of exercise physiology is the overload that is based on develop the training with interval training. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Proposal of Periodization of the Vocal Training (PPVT) with sonorous tongue vibration technique in the vocal quality of women without vocal complaints and healthy voices. Prospective, controlled and randomized study, developed after approval by Human Research Ethics Committees (HRECs) from FOB/USP (purport 1.198.625).The study included 30 women aged 18 to 39, vocally healthy (evidenced through protocol of symptoms vocal/laryngeal, vocal assessment and initial laryngological), divided into two groups randomly: experimental group (EG) with 15 women who received six sessions of PPVT; control group (CG) with 15 women who received six sessions of traditional vocal training. After signing of the informed consent, the volunteers through the evaluations before and after training and, after 30 days of training. The assessments performed were: research of the sensations in the voice, larynx, breathing and articulation (session to session); measurement of the usual vocal intensity; measurement of phonatory measures; vocal recording for later analysis-perceptive-auditory and acoustics of the voice. For both groups the training consisted of 12 minutes of execution of sonorous tongue vibration technique (STVT) in usual pitch. Vocal training from EG (PPVT) considered the principle of overload, with administration of vocal intensity and controlled execution intervals STVT (30 seconds) and rest (30 seconds). The volunteers of the CG performed the STVT in a traditional way, with rest period every three minutes, but without the rest time control. The statistical tests (significance level of 0.05) showed that the sensations after training, controlled session to session were positive for both groups (signal Test). The positive sensations in the voice and articulation were the most reported by both groups. The test ANOVA, followed by Tukey revealed that the EG presented significant increase of usual vocal intensity after PPVT 30 days after the issuance of the vowel /a/, which did not occur with the CG; There was no significant difference in the phonatory measures after the vocal training in both groups. Perceptive-auditory analysis (Signal test) revealed that the instability parameter has improved significantly in the EG after the PPVT and 30 days after, which did not occur with the GC. On the other hand, the GC presented significant worsening 30 days after the traditional vocal training of tension parameter. Through ANOVA and Tukey test, acoustic analysis revealed significant improvement in jitter values and frequency variation (Vf0) in EG, 30 days after, what did not happened with the CG. Though, the CG presented significant improvement of the soft phonation index after the traditional vocal training, but it did not hold 30 days after.This study made it possible to conclude that the PPVT, with the use of the STVT was able to produce effects on vocal quality, with improved vocal instability, usual vocal intensity and acoustic measures (Vf0 and jitter) when compared to the traditional vocal training, women healthy vocally. The proposed vocal training did not influence negatively in the accounts of sensations in the voice, larynx, breathing and articulation. It is concluded that the training with the principle of overload, with intensity and controlled interval, led to the adaptation of the vocal system in relation to the instability. Therefore, the findings of this study make it necessary the reflection on the practice and implementation of techniques and traditional vocal training, emphasizing the importance of the principles of exercise physiology in the speech therapy practices at the clinic.
Zimmer, Valquíria. "TEMPO IDEAL DE VIBRAÇÃO LINGUAL SONORIZADA E QUALIDADE VOCAL DE MULHERES." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6502.
Full textEsta pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar o tempo ideal da técnica de vibração lingual sonorizada (TVLS) e as medidas acústicas de fonte glótica, medidas acústicas espectrográficas, e sensações subjetivas pós-técnica em mulheres sem queixas e ou alterações vocais e/ou laríngeas. Materiais e Métodos: 68 mulheres adultas jovens foram submetidas à avaliação otorrinolaringológica e triagem fonoaudiológica, a fim de eliminar possíveis alterações que pudessem interferir nos resultados da pesquisa. As amostras vocais foram coletadas antes e após a realização de três séries de 15 repetições da TVLS em tempo máximo de fonação com tom e intensidade habituais e 30 segundos de repouso passivo entre cada série. Utilizou-se a análise acústica das vozes, pelo Multi Dimensional Voice Program Advanced e o software Real Time Spectrogram (Kay Pentax) para gerar espectrogramas de banda larga e de banda estreita antes e após a execução da TVLS. A análise das sensações subjetivas pós-TVLS foi avaliada a partir de um questionário elaborado para a pesquisa. Os dados obtidos foram tabulados em dois grupos: tempo de sustentação da TVLS de até três minutos (n=24) e tempo de sustentação superior a três minutos (n=44). Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente ao nível de significância de 5%, sendo que a estatística foi realizada através da análise de variância (ANOVA), do teste t de Student pelo programa minitab 15.0, testes do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e de comparação para duas proporções. Resultados: verificou-se, após mais de três minutos de execução da TVLS, aumento significante das frequências (f0) e da média das frequências (Mf0); melhora significativa da medida de estabilidade de longo prazo (vf0); melhora significativa da medida de jitter (PPQ) e melhora significante da proporção ruído harmônico (NHR). Verificou-se correlação positiva em todos os aspectos da banda larga e banda estreita e a maioria dos aspectos foi de correlação muito forte. Predominaram as sensações positivas em ambos os intervalos de tempo e a correlação entre a análise espectrográfica e as sensações relatadas após a realização da TVLS mostrou correlação positiva muito forte na quase totalidade dos aspectos avaliados em banda larga e banda estreita. Conclusão: houve diferença significativa entre as medidas de fonte glótica após três minutos de execução da TVLS e não ocorreram mudanças significativas das medidas com tempo de execução até três minutos. Não houve diferenças consideráveis dos resultados da banda larga e banda estreita conforme o tempo de sustentação. As correlações entre os aspectos espectrográficos e sensações após a execução da TVLS foram positivas em ambos os intervalos de tempo de realização da técnica. Dessa forma, no grupo estudado obteve-se resultados positivos ao nível da fonte glótica com mais de três minutos de realização da TVLS, sendo que, para resultados positivos ao nível do trato vocal, a execução de até três minutos de exercício foi suficiente.
Nunes, Raquel Buzelin. "Análise da voz e do comportamento do trato vocal suplaglótico por meio visual, perceptivo-auditivo e acústico em mulheres disfônicas com diferentes configurações glóticas." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2005. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/11856.
Full textObjective: To analyze voice and supraglottic vocal tract using imaging of the vocal tract, perceptual and acoustic methods in dysphonic women with different glottic configurations. Method: The studied sample comprised 31 women, aged 20 to 45 years, with vocal complaints and affections. Subjects underwent brief assessment of sensorial-motor-oral system, videolaryngostroboscopy and nasofibrolaryngoscopy, and vocal recording. First of all, the otorrinolaryngologist reviewed the medical results and selected exams that presented similar laryngeal affections, forming three distinct groups (bilateral nodules, mucosa cover damage and chinks). A VHS tape was edited with nasofibrolaryngoscopic exams for visual analysis of the vocal tract and a CD with the voices was edited for perceptual and acoustic analysis. Visual analysis was jointly carried out by three speech therapists and three otorrinolaryngologists that checked the following parameters: supraglottic constriction, vertical laryngeal mobility, pharyngeal constriction and tongue mobility. Perceptual analysis was carried out by the same speech therapists using the Vocal Profile Analysis Scheme (VPAS) and assessment of parameters of pitch, loudness and resonance. Values of the frequency of formants were extracted from CSL software (Kay Elemetrics). Data from visual, perceptual and acoustic analyses were statistically analyzed. Results: The results of the visual analysis did not show statistically significant differences that could distinguish the groups. Thus, the results were described for a total group of 31 subjects. Out of the analyzed parameters, we noticed that supraglottic constriction was present in 21 subjects. Laryngeal vertical mobility was average in 12 subjects and restricted in 16. Sixteen subjects presented pharyngeal constriction - nine were circular, seven were lateral. The position of the tongue remained neutral in 27 subjects. Analysis of vocal quality using VPAS revealed that the following findings were the most predominant: high larynx position, labial-dental position, stretched lips, closed mandible, advanced tip of the tongue, and phonation adjustments of breathiness, harsh voice and hyperfunction. Cluster factor analysis showed that supraglottic adjustments were determinant for the characterization of vocal quality. The pitch ranged from low and medium to low in 28 analyzed subjects. Loudness level was high in 23 subjects and resonance was low in 20 subjects. In the acoustic analysis, values of formants were within the normal reference range. Conclusion: Vocal quality is not exclusively related with specific glottic affection, but rather with behaviors of the whole vocal tract, evidencing the need to consider supraglottic adjustments in the characterization of vocal quality of dysphonic subjects
Objetivo: análise do comportamento do trato vocal supraglótico, por meio de avaliação visual da imagem do trato, perceptivo-auditiva e acústica da voz em mulheres disfônicas, com diferentes configurações glóticas. Método: O estudo constituiu-se de 31 mulheres, faixa etária entre 20 e 45 anos, com queixa e alteração vocal. Os indivíduos foram submetidos à avaliação resumida do sistema sensório-motor-oral, exames de videolaringoestroboscopia, nasofibrolaringoscopia e gravação da voz. Em um primeiro momento, o otorrinolaringologista selecionou, dentro dos laudos correspondentes, os exames que continham alterações laríngeas semelhantes, formando três grupos distintos: nódulos bilaterais, lesão de cobertura e fenda. Desses grupos foi editada uma fita VHS com os exames de nasofibrolaringoscopia para análise visual do trato vocal, e um cd com as vozes, para análise perceptivo-auditiva e acústica. A análise visual do trato supraglótico foi realizada, em consenso, por três fonoaudiólogas e três otorrinolaringologistas, que verificaram os parâmetros de: constrição supraglótica, mobilidade vertical da laringe, constrição faríngea e mobilidade de língua. A análise perceptivo-auditiva foi realizada pelas mesmas fonoaudiólogas, por meio do protocolo de motivação fonética (VPAS) e avaliação dos parâmetros de pitch, loudness e ressonância. Os valores das freqüências dos formantes foram extraídos do programa CSL (Kay Elemetrics). Os dados das análises visual, perceptivo-auditiva e acústica foram tratados estatisticamente. Resultados: dos resultados da análise visual não foi encontrada diferença estatística significante que separasse os grupos das alterações glóticas. Assim, os resultados foram descritos para o grupo total de 31 indivíduos. Dos parâmetros analisados observou-se que constrição supraglótica esteve presente em 21 indivíduos. A mobilidade vertical da laringe variou entre média, em 12 indivíduos, e restrita, em 16. Dezesseis indivíduos apresentaram constrição faríngea sendo nove do tipo circular e sete lateral. A posição de língua permaneceu neutra em 27 indivíduos. A análise da qualidade vocal por meio do protocolo de motivação fonética (VPAS) revelou que os ajustes de laringe alta, labiodentalização, lábios estirados, mandíbula fechada, ponta de língua avançada e ajustes fonatórios de soprosidade, aspereza e hiperfunção foram os que predominaram. Os dados da análise fatorial de cluster mostraram que os ajustes na esfera supraglótica foram determinantes na caracterização da qualidade vocal. Em relação ao picth este variou de grave a médio para grave em 28 indivíduos analisados. O loudness apresentou-se forte em 23 indivíduos e a ressonância baixa foi observada em 20 deles. Na análise acústica, os valores dos formantes encontraram-se dentro dos valores de referência. Conclusão: a qualidade da voz não está relacionada exclusivamente a uma alteração glótica específica, mas com o comportamento que ocorre em todo trato vocal. Evidencia-se, assim, a necessidade de se considerar os ajustes supraglóticos na caracterização da qualidade vocal dos indivíduos disfônicos
Ribeiro, Vanessa Veis. "Voz, qualidade de vida e autoavaliação vocal de professores do ensino fundamental de Santa Maria/RS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6556.
Full textObjective:describe and correlate the auditory perceptual and acoustic measures, vocal self-assessment, vocal complaints, gender and professional characteristics of professors at Santa Maria city (RS/Brazil). Methods: participated in the study professors of elementary school at Santa Maria (RS/Brazil), aged between 20 and 66 years. It was held the vocal auditory perceptual analysis by CAPE-V scale and acoustics through the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program Advanced by Kay Pentax®. Have been applied protocols of vocal self-assessment and quality of life related to voice, Voice Symptom Scale (VoiSS), Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and Voice-Related Quality of Life (VRQL), a questionnaire containing data identification, the overall health, occupational and vocal complaints, and statistical tests ANOVA and Pearson correlation. Results: 114 professors of both genders worked on average 6,96h hours a day, for about 12,7 years and the majority had vocal complaints (72,8%). There was an association between vocal self-assessment scales and presence of vocal complaints. The VoiSS and VHI showed positive correlation and negative correlation was observed of both protocols in relation to VRQL. The group of females (99) worked on average 6,98 hours a day, hath, on average, 12,91 years; 74,7% had vocal complaints. The auditory perceptual parameters were normal, at the acoustic analysis, all measures for disturbance of frequency (jitter), disturbance of amplitude (shimmer), deaf segments or unvoiced and sub-harmonics showed above the normal range as well as standard deviation of the fundamental frequency and soft phonation index.It was observed correlation between increase of disturbance frequency and increase of age, decrease in amplitude disturbance according increase in daily use of the voice, increased roughness, breathiness and overall degree of voice according to increasing age and duration of professional activities of professors.Conclusion:The group of professors of both genders work on average 6,96 hours a day, works as a professor for about 12,7 years and presents vocal complaints contrasting with a good quality of life related to voice. Professors with complaints showed higher occurrence of vocal symptoms, greater voice handicap index and lower quality of life in voice, with a higher occurrence of vocal symptoms in females. TheVoiSS and VHIshowed positive correlation and negative correlation was observed of both protocols in relation to VRQL, showing that are complementary. Regarding the group of female teachers, their voice was considered normal for auditory perceptual evaluation, but there was noise detection and instability in acoustic analysis, with the predominance of vocal complaints, as well as alteration of auditory perceptual and acoustic measures with increasing age and professiontime.
Objetivo:descrever e correlacionar medidas vocais perceptivoauditivas e acústicas, autoavaliação vocal, queixas vocais, sexo e características profissionais de professores de Santa Maria (RS/Brasil). Métodos: participaram do estudo professores do ensino fundamental de Santa Maria (RS/Brasil), com idades entre 20 e 66 anos. Realizou-se análise vocal perceptivoauditiva por meio da escala CAPE-V e acústica por meio do Multi-Dimensional Voice Program Advanced da Kay Pentax®. Aplicaram-se os protocolos de autoavaliação vocal e da qualidade de vida relacionada à voz Escala de Sintomas Vocais, Índice de Desvantagem Vocal e Qualidade de Vida em Voz, um questionário contendo dados de identificação, saúde geral, ocupacionais e queixas vocais, e os testes estatísticos Correlação de Pearson e ANOVA. Resultados: 114 professores de ambos os sexos atuavam em média 6,96h por dia, há cerca de 12,7 anos e a maioria apresentava queixas vocais (72,8%). Observou-se associação entre as escalas de autoavaliação vocal e a presença de queixas vocais. A ESV e o IDV mostraram correlação positiva e houve correlação negativa de ambos os protocolos em relação ao QVV. O grupo do sexo feminino (n=99) atuava em média 6,98h por dia, há, em média, 12,91 anos; 74,7% apresentavam queixas vocais. Os parâmetros perceptivoauditivos estiveram dentro da variabilidade normal; na análise acústica, todas as medidas de perturbação de frequência (jitter), de perturbação de amplitude (shimmer),de segmentos surdos ou não sonorizados e de segmentos sub-harmônicos mostraram-se acima da normalidade, bem como o desvio-padrão da frequência fundamental e o índice de fonação suave. Observou-se correlação entre aumento da perturbação de frequência e aumento da idade; diminuição de perturbação da amplitude conforme aumento do uso diário da voz; aumento da rugosidade, soprosidade e grau geral da voz conforme aumento da idade e do tempo de atuação profissional das docentes. Conclusão:O grupo de professores de ambos os sexos trabalha em média 6,96h por dia, atua como docente há cerca de 12,7 anos e apresenta queixas vocais contrastando com uma boa qualidade de vida relacionada à voz. Professores com queixas apresentaram maior ocorrência de sintomas vocais, maior índice de desvantagem vocal e menor qualidade de vida em voz, havendo maior ocorrência de sintomas vocais no sexo feminino. A ESV e o IDV mostraram correlação positiva e houve correlação negativa de ambos os protocolos em relação ao QVV, mostrando que são complementares. Quanto ao grupo de professoras, sua voz foi considerada normal pela avaliação perceptivoauditiva, mas houve detecção de ruído e instabilidade na análise acústica, com predomínio de queixas vocais, bem como alteração de medidas acústicas e perceptivoauditivas com o aumento de idade e do tempo de profissão.
Santos, Alexandra de Oliveira. "Voz pré e pós-tireoidectomia: análise perceptivo-auditiva e acústica." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12236.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
AIM: analyzing vocal quality in women submitted to thyroidectomy, from perceptive and acoustic point of view, in pre and post-surgery moments. Rationale: vocal disorders are not common in people who show preserved function in preserved laryngeal nerves function. These disorderss can be caused by thetemporary malfunction of the strap muscle after surgery, retraction of scars and laryngotracheal fixation with impairment of vertical movement. Thus, this study springs from the basis of people submitted to thyroidectomy and who keep vocal chords movement can develop disorderss from the glottic sphere with compensation mechanisms from the superglottic sphere. METHOD: the case study was composed of 26 people from the female gender, ranging from 19 to 57 years old, submitted to total or partial thyroidectomy. The speech samples collection included the emission of the keyword arara , in mid-position in the vehicle phrase: say____ low . For the perceptive evaluation, the speech samples were presented to three judges who assessed the presence of glottic and/or supraglottic disorderss on the vocal tract between pre and postoperatory moments. From the acoustic point of view, the speech data was analysed in PRAAT software, in which the tonic vowel (a) was selected from the keyword arara for extraction of fundamental frequency measures (f0) and frequency of formants (F1, F2 e F3). RESULTS: 16 (61,5%) people displayed complaints of symptoms of superior aereal canals in postoperatory from thyroidectomy. The most frequent vocal complaints were: mucus with 11 (42%), difficulty in swallowing with 7 (27%), hoarse voice with 6 (23%). In the perceptive analysis from the post-surgery 15 (57,7%) people displayed vocal disorders in the glottic sphere. In the post-surgery, from the 17 (65,4%) people with glottic disorders, 9 (34,6%) displayed supraglottic ajustments. There was no statistical difference between the pre and postoperatory moments from the perceptive analysis. In the acoustic analysis, the value of f0 did not show great changes between the pre and postoperatory, in which 7(26,6%) and 8 (30,8%) people displayed the value of f0 below the reference value. Mainly the values of F1 in pre and postoperatory moments, respectively in 17 (65,4%) and 16 (61,5%) people, and in F2 in all people with exception of one in the pre-operatory, suggest high strap muscle, advanced tip of the tongue, lowered tongue body and faringeal constriction. Diminished values in F3 in eleven (42,3%) people in postoperatory can be related to retraction in scars which limits the vertical movement from the strap muscle, keeping it low
OBJETIVO: analisar a qualidade vocal de mulheres submetidas a tireoidectomia, do ponto de vista perceptivo-auditivo e acústico, em momentos pré e pós-cirúrgico. JUSTIFICATIVA: alterações vocais não são incomuns em sujeitos que apresentam função preservada dos nervos laríngeos pós-tireoidectomia. Essas alterações podem ser decorrentes da disfunção temporária da musculatura extrínseca da laringe, retração cicatricial e fixação laringotraqueal, que limita o movimento vertical da laringe. Dessa forma, este estudo surge do pressuposto de que sujeitos submetidos a tireoidectomia, e que permanecem com mobilidade de prega vocal, podem desenvolver alterações na esfera glótica com mecanismos compensatórios na esfera supraglótica. MÉTODO: o grupo estudado foi composto por 26 sujeitos do gênero feminino, na faixa etária de 19 a 57 anos, submetidos a tireoidectomia total ou parcial. A coleta de amostra de fala constou de emissão da palavra chave arara , em posição medial, na frase veículo: diga ______ baixinho . Para avaliação perceptivo-auditiva, a amostra de fala foi apresentada a três juízes fonoaudiólogos, que avaliaram a presença de alterações glóticas e/ou supraglóticas do trato vocal entre os momentos pré e pós-operatório. Do ponto de vista acústico, os dados da amostra de fala foram analisados no software PRAAT, no qual foi selecionada a vogal [a] tônica da palavra chave arara para extração das medidas de frequência fundamental (f0) e frequência dos formantes (F1, F2 e F3). RESULTADO: Dentre os sujeitos, 16 (61,5%) apresentaram queixa de sintoma de vias aéreas superiores no pós-operatório de tireoidectomiana. As queixas mais frequentes foram: pigarro (11 - 42%), dificuldade para deglutir (7 - 27%), rouquidão (6 - 23%). Na análise perceptivo-auditiva do pré-cirúrgico, 15 (57,7%) sujeitos apresentaram alteração vocal na esfera glótica. No pós-cirúrgico, dos 17 (65,4%) sujeitos com alteração glótica, 9 (34,6%) apresentaram ajustes supraglóticos. Na análise perceptivo-auditiva não houve significância estatística entre os momentos pré e o pós-operatório. Na análise acústica, o valor de f0 não apresentou grandes mudanças entre o pré e o pós-operatório, nos quais 7(26,6%) e 8 (30,8%) dos sujeitos, respectivamente, apresentaram o valor de f0 abaixo do valor de referência. Principalmente os valores de F1, nos momentos pré e pós-operatório, respectivamente em 17 (65,4%) e 16 (61,5%) dos sujeitos, e de F2 em todos os sujeitos, com exceção de um no pré-operatório, sugerem laringe alta, ponta de língua avançada, corpo de língua abaixado e constrição faríngea. Valores diminuídos de F3 em onze (42,3%) sujeitos no pós-operatório podem estar relacionado a retração cicatricial que limita o movimento vertical da laringe, mantendo-a baixa
Spina, Ana Lucia. "Auto-avaliação vocal, qualidade de vida e avaliação da percepção de sons vocais e sons instrumentais de sujeitos disfonicos." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313721.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: A percepção vocal é um debate ativo da neurociência e um desafio para pesquisadores na atualidade. Este estudo verificou se a auto-avaliação vocal feita pelo paciente disfônico é concordante com a avaliação vocal feita pelo fonoaudiólogo e se essa concordância sofre influência das variáveis: idade, sexo, uso profissional da voz, diagnóstico laringoscópico clínico ou diferentes avaliadores. Correlacionou a avaliação vocal feita pelo fonoaudiólogo e a auto-avaliação feita pelo sujeito disfônico ao protocolo QVV. Verificou também, a habilidade para perceber variação de freqüência em sons vocais e som instrumental. Comparou a habilidade perceptiva entre sujeitos com disfonia funcional, sujeitos com voz normal e cantores. Correlacionou a habilidade de percepção às variáveis: sexo, idade, escolaridade, experiência preliminar com canto, avaliação da qualidade vocal feita pelo fonoaudiólogo e auto-avaliação vocal feita pelo sujeito. O estudo contou com dois grupos distintos. Grupo I: 245 sujeitos submetidos a avaliação perceptiva da voz feita pelo fonoaudiólogo, auto-avaliação da voz e aplicação do protocolo QVV. No Grupo II: foi realizada, em 242 sujeitos, avaliação da percepção de variação de freqüência de sons vocais, feita por meio do som /a/ prolongado, emitido por voz masculina e feminina; e avaliação da percepção de variação de freqüência com som instrumental por meio de teclado virtual. No grupo I: a concordância da avaliação vocal entre fonoaudiólogos e auto-avaliação vocal foi baixa e não sofreu influência das variáveis estudadas. O protocolo QVV revelou sensibilidade tanto para a qualidade vocal avaliada pelo fonoaudiólogo, como para a qualidade vocal avaliada pelo próprio sujeito disfônico. No grupo II: em relação à percepção de variação de freqüências nos sons vocais e som instrumental, cantores apresentaram habilidade superior de percepção para voz e instrumento; sujeitos disfônicos tiveram maior dificuldade em perceber variações de freqüência em voz e instrumento do que sujeitos com voz normal; sexo e idade não influenciaram na habilidade de percepção; sujeitos com maior grau de escolaridade e experiência preliminar com canto mostraram melhor habilidade percepção; quanto pior a classificação da qualidade vocal nas disfonias pior a percepção.
Abstract: Voice perception has been actively debated by neuroscientists and is a challenge for researchers nowadays. This study compared the auditory voice-perception assessments of experienced speech therapists and patients (self-assessment). The influence of age, gender, professional voice use, clinical diagnosis and evaluation by different professionals were also determined. A correlation between vocal assessment performed by the speech-therapist and self-assessment performed by the dysphonic subject was carried out through the VRQOL protocol. The study also observed the ability to perceive pitch variation in vocal and instrumental sounds. A comparison was made between the perceptive ability of subjects with functional dysphonia, subjects with normal voice and singers. A correlation between perceptive ability and gender, age, educational level, previous singing experience, perceptive vocal quality assessed by speech-therapists and self-perception of vocal quality. The study considered two groups. Group I: 245 subjects with voice-perception assessment carried out by the speech-therapist, patients self-assessment and results obtained from the V-RQOL protocol. Group II: 242 subjects evaluated for their perception of pitch variation for vocal sounds that was a sustained /a/ performed by female and male voices and perception of pitch variation for instrumental sounds performed by a virtual keyboard. Group I: levels of agreement between the speech-therapist vocal assessment and patients self-assessment were low and were not influenced by the age, gender, professional voice use, clinical diagnosis and evaluation by different professionals. The V-RQOL protocol was sensitive both to vocal quality as assessed by the speech-therapist and the dysphonic patient. Group II: singers showed better ability in perceiving vocal and instrumental sounds, dysphonic subjects had more difficulty in perceiving pitch variation for vocal and instrumental sounds than subjects with normal voices. Age and gender did not influence perception ability. Subjects with higher educational levels and previous singing experience had better perceptive ability. In the dysphonic group the worse the voice quality the worse the perception.
Universidade Estadual de Campi
Ciencias Biomedicas
Doutor em Ciências Médicas
Andrade, Simone Rattay. "TERAPIA VOCAL DE BASE E SONS NASAIS: EFEITOS SOBRE DISFONIAS HIPERCINÉTICAS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6410.
Full textA proposta do presente estudo visou verificar os efeitos de um programa fonoterapêutico que incluiu a utilização da orientação vocal, da adequação da função respiratória e da técnica de sons nasais em três indivíduos do sexo feminino com diagnóstico otorrinolaringológico de edema na região aritenóide, pequeno nódulo na prega vocal direita, fenda médio-posterior e pontos hemorrágicos em ambas pregas vocais; nódulo na prega vocal esquerda e fenda no terço médio; laringe sem alterações; respectivamente. Primeiramente, os indivíduos foram examinados por médicos otorrinolaringologistas de forma completa (ouvidos, nariz e garganta), sendo também realizado o exame de videolaringoscopia, para a visualização das condições e estruturas da laringe. Após, foram encaminhados para o exame audiológico, a fim de descartar qualquer alteração auditiva. Posteriormente, os indivíduos sem alterações auditivas foram encaminhados para as avaliações fonoaudiológicas, individualmente, em consultório particular, antes do início do tratamento. Foram realizados anamnese, exame orofacial, avaliação corporal, e avaliação vocal. No tratamento, receberam orientações sobre anatomofisiologia do aparelho fonador, cuidados com a voz, incluindo a hidratoterapia, aspectos sobre respiração e postura, além da técnica de sons nasais. As orientações e exercícios trabalhados nas sessões fonoaudiológicas (com tempo aproximado de 30 minutos), foram realizados também no domicílio pelo sujeito por mais quatro dias da semana, uma vez ao dia, durante quatro meses, num total de dezesseis sessões. Após, os sujeitos foram reavaliados para identificar possíveis mudanças nos aspectos vocais e laríngeos. Os dados vocais pré e pós-realização do programa terapêutico foram submetidos às análises acústica, realizada com a utilização do programa Multi Dimensional Voice Program da Kay Elemetrics, e perceptivo-auditiva realizada por três juízes (três fonoaudiólogas especialistas em voz). A análise dos resultados evidenciou que o som nasal, aliado à terapia de base, propiciou: desaparecimento de edema e de pontos hemorrágicos; diminuição de fendas vocais médio-posteriores e nódulos; melhora da vibração da onda mucosa das pregas vocais; adequação postural e do tipo respiratório; melhora da coordenação pneumofonoarticulatória; melhora do foco ressonantal, do tipo de voz, e da loudness; pitch e freqüência fundamental discretamente mais agudos; diminuição do ruído e da instabilidade vocais. Concluiu-se que, neste estudo, a fonoterapia de base (orientação e adequação da respiração e da postura), com ênfase na técnica de sons nasais, promoveu um efeito positivo sobre as estruturas das pregas vocais e sobre a qualidade vocal como um todo.
Galdino, Debora Godoy. "Análise acústica não linear dos padrões visuais de dinâmica vocal (PVDV) de homens adultos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/82/82131/tde-29112013-095147/.
Full textThis work intended to describe the nonlinear dynamics of voices from adult men without vocal complaints using a qualitative analysis of Vocal Dynamics Visual Pattern (VDVP). 77 men speakers of Brazilian Portuguese, aged between 20-40 years old (mean 30 years ± 5.54 years), participated. For the nonlinear analysis a Phase Space Reconstruction was adopted and a two-dimensional graphic was generated from a routine developed on MatLab® 10.0. This graphic was qualitatively analyzed by a VDVP technique, which considers three aspects of the configuration: orbits loop numbers, regularity and spacing of the traces. Each aspect was classified in a scale ranging from 4 to 0, from the better to the worst configuration. All subjects had voice quality adapted on normal variability according to the results of the perceptual evaluation protocol for CAPE-V and acoustic analysis by the program MDVP Kay-Pentax. The perceptual analysis using CAPE-V protocol showed an average of 18,07 mm (± 4,14 mm), in Overall Severity of vowel /a/. On the acoustic analysis, means of 125,44 Hz (± 20,78 Hz) to F0; 0,85% (± 0,64%) for jitter; 3,23% (± 1,75%) for shimmer and 0,13 (± 0,02) for NHR using MDVP program. The results of nonlinear dynamics through PVDV proved with the number of loops in degree 4 (85.71% with a mean of 3.84 ± 0.40), regularity in degree 3 and 4 (both with 40.26% and mean of 3.12 ± 0.95) and degree 3 in spacing (58.44% and mean 2.95 ± 0.76). It was concluded that PVDV of the vowel /a/ of adult males Brazilians with adapted voices on the normal variability presented visual pattern characterized mostly by the presence of 4 or more loops, regular tracings or with discrete irregularities and spacing between lines of medium to small.
Muniz, Perla do Nascimento Martins. "Pastores evangélicos: sintomas vocais e laringofaríngeos, qualidade vocal e perfil de participação em atividades vocais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25143/tde-05062013-154648/.
Full textThe present study sought to investigate the vocal and laryngopharyngeal symptoms, vocal quality, self-perception to vocal tract discomfort, and voice activity and participation profile of Evangelical pastors comparing the same aspects with non-professional users of the voice; to verify the correlation measure, both for pastors and for the control group, between participation profile between voice activity and participation profile (VAPP) and vocal quality, self-perception of vocal symptoms, sensations in the throat, and vocal discomfort. Sixty individuals were evaluated, male, divided into experimental and control groups. The following instruments were applied: Condition of Vocal Production (CVP) for sample characterization and verification of vocal symptoms and sensations in the throat, Discomfort in the Vocal Tract (VTD) and Voice Activity and Participation Profile (VAPP), as well as the perceptual voice analysis of the participants. The results were statistically analyzed with a significance level 5%. Evangelical pastors demonstrated a higher frequency than non-professionals: throat clearing (p=0.019), coughing up phlegm (p=0.015), burning in the throat (p=0.028), secretion/phlegm in throat (p< 0.001), dry throat (p< 0.001), tiredness when talking (p< 0.001), effort to talk (p<0.001) and dryness, more frequent (p=0.009) and more intense (p=0.006). In the comparison between groups, pastors reported higher levels at PPAV: total score (p=0.032), total limitation in activities (p=0.037), effects (p=0.014) and limitation of professional activities (p=0.005). No significant differences were found in the perceptual voice analysis and vocal symptoms. In the group of Evangelical pastors, there were positive correlations between vocal symptoms not specified and the total score; total participation restriction and daily communication and social communication sessions of the PPAV; between discomfort in the vocal tract and all sessions of the PPAV; between the perceptual voice analysis and total score, the total activity limitation and participation restriction, and the sessions: severity self-perception, daily communication, social communication and finally emotions of the PPAV. Negative correlations were observed: between the sensations in the throat and the self-perception of the severity; in job and social communication the PPAV. In the Group of non-professionals were positive correlations: between voice the voice weak and symptom the total score of the PPAV and total participation restriction; between sensations in the throat, as well as self perception of the severity, in job, daily and social communication of the PPAV; between discomfort in the vocal tract and sessions: the self-perception of severity, restriction participation in daily communication and emotions of the PPAV; between perceptual voice analysis and social communication session of the PPAV. Negative correlations occurred: between the failure in voice symptom and participation restriction and social communication of the PPAV; perceptual voice analysis and the effects in job and social communication of the PPAV. Evangelical pastors showed high occurrence of sensations in the throat and greater awareness in the impact of a vocal change in the quality of life, when compared to non-professionals. In the case of the pastors, the greater the discomfort in the vocal tract and the presence of a vocal change, the greater impact observed on vocals activities.
Loiola, Camila Miranda. "Canto popular e erudito: características vocais, ajustes do trato vocal e desempenho profissional." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/11959.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The different genres of the singing voice present vocal features, specific requirements and demands that must be seen. Objectives: To analyse the vocal chacacteristics and vocal tract configuration of popular and erudite professionakl singers, and to compare their voice handicap index by the protocols Modern Voice Handicap Index (MVHI) and Classical Voice Handicap Index (CVHI) with demographics characteristics and the presence or absence of self-reported vocal complaints. Method: this thesis consists of two separated studies. The first one is about an evaluation of acoustic data and glottic and supraglottic vocal tract adjustments of 20 professional male singers, 10 popular and 10 erudite tenors, during sustained vowel [e] in habitual speech, vowel [e] from passage of two different songs for each genre, and semidirected speech. The second study consisted of a MVHI and CVHI comparison with 132 professional singers, 74 of them were popular and 58, erudite, comparing with sex, age, time of professional experience in singing ant the presence ou absence of self-reported complaints. Results: In study 1, popular singers had lower fundamental frequency (f0) and formant F1 than the erudite singers; F2 was higher among popular singers, which indicated a lower incidence of pharyngeal constriction. In erudite singers, was detected a F2 decrease because of a posterior displacement of the tongue base; F3 was higher among erudite singers, indicative of brightness and the presence of singer's formant; only among erudite singers were detect F3 and F4 peaks on the long term average strectrum. Regarding the spectral curve decline, both groups showed greater decline in the singing compared to speech, suggestive that the singing emission had less tension, with curves flatter us erudite. About the vocal tract configuration, vocal folds were better visualized in popular singers, due to the absence of supraglottic constriction. Most of them had stretched vocal folds and the glottal closure was complete. In erudite singers ther was a higher incidence of supraglottic and pharyngeal constrictions. In study 2, there were no correlation scores of MVHI and CVHI with sex and age from both groups; the professional experience was related to total scores and the MVHI subscales; the subscales disability, disadvantage and defect presented relationship each other in MVHI and CVHI. Conclusions: popular and erudite singers behave differently in many respects, and it was verified in both acoustics and the vocal tract adjustments. Furthermore, regarding their job performance, the impact of a vocal problem or difficulty interferes differently between the two genders and all these aspects depend on the professional demand, the singer s experience, the finesse required for every musical genre and also by how each individual deals with their vocals issues
A voz cantada, em seus diferentes gêneros, apresenta características individuais da voz, exigências e demandas que devem ser respeitadas. Objetivos: analisar as características vocais e a configuração do trato vocal em cantores profissionais populares e eruditos do sexo masculino; e comparar o índice de desvantagem vocal de ambos os gêneros musicais por meio dos protocolos Índice de Desvantagem Vocal no Canto Moderno (IDCM) e Clássico (IDCC), dados demográficos e a presença ou ausência de queixa vocal autorreferida. Método: a tese é composta por dois estudos distintos. O primeiro é uma avaliação acústica e dos ajustes do trato vocal glótico e supraglótico de 20 cantores profissionais do sexo masculino, 10 populares e 10 eruditos tenores, durante emissão de vogal [e] sustentada em tom habitual de fala, um trecho de canto diferente para cada gênero e fala semidirigida. O segundo estudo constou da comparação dos protocolos IDCM e IDCC em 132 cantores profissionais, 74 populares e 58 eruditos, com o sexo, a idade, o tempo de atuação profissional e a presença ou ausência de queixa vocal autorreferida. Resultados: no estudo 1, cantores populares tiveram a frequência fundamental f0 e o formante F1 mais baixos do que os eruditos; F2 foi maior nos cantores populares, o que indicou menor ocorrência de constrição faríngea. Nos eruditos, houve diminuição de F2 pelo deslocamento posterior de base de língua; F3 foi maior nos eruditos, indicativo de brilho e a presença do formante do cantor, verificado em F3 e F4 e na análise de longo termo apenas nos eruditos. Quanto à curva declínio espectral, ambos os grupos apresentaram maior declínio no canto em comparação à fala, sugestivo de emissão cantada com menos tensão, com curvas mais planas nos eruditos. Na configuração do trato vocal, pregas vocais foram melhor visualizadas nos cantores populares, em decorrência da ausência de constrição supraglótica. A maioria deles apresentou pregas vocais estiradas e coaptação glótica completa no canto. Nos eruditos, maior ocorrência de constrição supraglótica e faríngea. No estudo 2, não houve correlação dos escores IDCM e IDCC com o sexo e a idade dos cantores de ambos os grupos; o tempo de experiência profissional teve relação com escores total e das subescalas incapacidade e defeito do IDCM; as subescalas incapacidade, desvantagem e defeito apresentam relação entre si, no IDCM e no IDCC. Considerações finais: Cantores populares e eruditos se comportam de maneira distinta em vários aspectos, fato verificado tanto na acústica e no ajuste do trato vocal. Além disso, quanto ao seu desempenho profissional, o impacto de uma dificuldade ou problema vocal interfere de formas diferentes entre os dois gêneros e todos esses aspectos dependem da demanda de trabalho, da experiência do cantor, do requinte exigido por cada gênero musical e também pela maneira como cada sujeito lida com suas questões vocais
Queiroz, Renata de Moraes. "Qualidade vocal: análise acústica de ajustes fonatórios e de tensão laríngea." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13592.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Each speaker carries a set of specific speaking signal, which can be detailed by means of description of vocal quality. Changes occurred in the dynamic of vocal tract structures influence in vocal quality, being liable of evaluation by means of script known as Vocal Profile Analysis Scheme (VPAS). Aim: Describing acoustic correlation of vocal quality adjustment from phonatory sphere and frequent tension in VPAS guide. Methodology: 29 speakers were selected, divided in two groups of gender, being one group of 11 subjects of masculine gender and another group of 18 subjects of feminine gender. The data gathering procedure was conducted by means of sample recordings in the audio format of corpus involving semi-spontaneous issuance excerpts and reading of 3 sentences (five repetitions) formulated for vocal quality evaluation. The audio samples were submitted to auditory perceptual analysis (VPAS guide) and (acoustic automatic measures extracted from application of Script Expression EvaluatorBySG and different measures of intensity between the two first harmonics: H1-H2). The results were statistically treated via multivariated analysis, in this way seeking the correspondence between perception and acoustic in the masculine and feminine gender speaking groups. Results: The feminine gender speaking group revealed predominance in laryngeal hyperfunction adjustments, besides the combinations of air escape and harsh voice. In the masculine group, there were hypofunction laryngeal associations, modal settings crackling and breathy voice. From the acoustic point of view, the measures related to f0 and its first derivative differed neutral adjustments and not neutral phonatory sphere, while spectral decline measures and the long term spectral mixed laryngeal tension adjustments and the high laryngeal position. The H1-H2 measures where associated to differentiation of laryngeal tension adjustments (hyperfunction and hypofunction) and phonatory adjustments relative to aperiodicity of vocal signal, which were distinguished by groups of masculine and feminine speaking gender. Conclusion: Measures related to f0, first derived to f0, spectral decline, long term spectral and differences of intensity between harmonics revealed the condition of distinguished neutral adjustment groups and not of vocal quality neutrals from the point of view of phonatory and tension
Cada falante carrega um conjunto de particularidades no sinal de fala, o qual pode ser detalhado por meio da descrição da qualidade vocal. Modificações ocorridas na dinâmica das estruturas do aparelho fonador influenciam a qualidade vocal, sendo passíveis de avaliação por meio de roteiro conhecido como Vocal Profile Analysis Scheme (VPAS). Objetivo: descrever correlatos acústicos dos ajustes de qualidade vocal da esfera fonatória e de tensão constantes no roteiro VPAS. Metodologia: foram selecionados 29 falantes, divididos em dois grupos por gênero, sendo um grupo com 11 sujeitos do gênero masculino e o outro grupo com 18 sujeitos do gênero feminino. O procedimento de coleta de dados foi conduzido por meio de registro de amostras em formato áudio de corpus envolvendo trechos de emissão semi-espontânea e leitura de 3 sentenças (cinco repetições) elaboradas para avaliação da qualidade vocal. As amostras de áudio foram submetidas às análises perceptivoauditiva (roteiro VPAS) e acústica (medidas automáticas extraídas a partir da aplicação do script ExpressionEvaluatorbySG e medidas de diferença de intensidade entre os dois primeiro harmônicos: H1-H2). Os resultados foram tratados estatisticamente por meio de análise multivariada, de forma a buscar por correspondências entre percepção e acústica nos grupos de falantes dos gêneros masculino e feminino. Resultados: o grupo de falantes do gênero feminino revelou o predomínio de ajustes de hiperfunção laríngea, além de combinação de escape de ar e voz áspera. No grupo masculino, houve associação de hipofunção laríngea, ajuste modal, voz crepitante e voz soprosa. Do ponto de vista acústico, as medidas relativas à f0 e sua primeira derivada diferenciaram ajustes neutros e não neutros de esferas fonatória, enquanto as medidas de declínio espectral e de espectro de longo termo associaram-se a ajustes de tensão laríngea e de posição de laringe elevada. As medidas de H1-H2 estiveram associadas à diferenciação de ajustes de tensão laríngea (hiperfunção e hipofunção) e de ajustes fonatórios relativos à aperiodicidade do sinal vocal, os quais foram distintos por grupos de falantes dos gêneros masculino e feminino. Conclusão: medidas referentes a f0, primeira derivada de f0, declínio espectral, espectro de longo termo e diferença de intensidade entre harmônicos revelaram a condição de diferenciar grupos de ajustes neutros e não neutros de qualidade vocal do ponto de vista fonatório e de tensão
Nichols, Susan Marie. "The Effect of Naturalistic Behavior Strategies on the Quality of Social Interactions for Children with Autism." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149644/.
Full textMasson, Maria Lúcia Vaz. "Aula, repouso, aquecimento e desaquecimento vocal em professores de uma escola pública de ensino médio de Salvador - BA /." Marília : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102209.
Full textBanca: Léslie Piccolotto Ferreira
Banca: Maria Suzana Behlau
Banca: Eliana Maria Gradim Fabron
Banca: Simone Aparecida Capellini
Resumo: Justificativa: professores compõem uma categoria profissional que tem a voz como um dos cruciais instrumentos de trabalho. Fatores de risco os expõem a alterações vocais que podem prejudicar o exercício profissional. Dentre os aspectos considerados no cuidado com a voz, o aquecimento e o desaquecimento vocal possibilitam a preparação da voz para o uso em sala de aula. Objetivo: analisar os efeitos da aula, do repouso e de um procedimento de aquecimento e desaquecimento vocal na qualidade da voz e no grau de desconforto auto-referido. Métodos: Dezoito professores de uma escola pública estadual do município de Salvador-BA, selecionada por conveniência, compuseram a amostra deste estudo. Dividiram-se as amostras entre grupos experimental (n=8) e controle (n=10) e analisaram-se os efeitos da aula e repouso (grupo controle), aquecimento e desaquecimento vocal (grupo experimental), considerando-se a avaliação de juízes por meio da escala GRBASI e ressonância, análise acústica e grau de desconforto auto-referido. O material analisado foi submetido a tratamento estatístico, sendo considerado nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A aula provocou elevação estatisticamente significante da freqüência fundamental e aumento do grau de desconforto auto-referido. Não houve diferença significante nas variáveis analisadas para o repouso vocal. O aquecimento vocal proporcionou redução do grau geral de alteração vocal e diminuição do desconforto, especialmente nos aspectos relacionados ao corpo. O desaquecimento vocal proporcionou diminuição da freqüência fundamental e redução do grau de desconforto, especialmente relacionado à voz. A comparação entre os grupos experimental e controle não demonstrou diferença estatisticamente significante em nenhuma variável analisada. Tanto o desaquecimento quanto o repouso vocal proporcionaram o retorno da voz ao ajuste coloquial ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract:Justification: Voice is a main work tool for teachers and they are exposed to risk factors able to cause voice disorders. Vocal warm-up and cool-down procedures are used as preparation for the use of voice in classrooms. Goal: to analyze the effects of vocal warm-up and cool-down procedure, rest and lecture on voice quality, as well as on the degree of self-reported discomfort. Methods: the subjects of this research were 18 teachers of a state school in Salvador/BA, which were selected by convenience. They were divided in two groups, one experimental (n=8) and the control (n=10). Then they were subject to an analysis of the effects of lecture and rest (control group), vocal warmup and cool-down procedures (experimental group). The criteria for comparison between the voices were evaluation by judges, considering the GRBASI scale and resonance, analysis of acoustic parameters and the degree of self-related discomfort. The significance level for the statistical treatment was 5%. Results: lecture resulted in statistically relevant increase of the fundamental frequency and rising of self-related discomfort. Rest did not result on statistically significant difference on the variables. Vocal warm-up resulted on decreasing in degree of vocal alteration and discomfort, especially on body related aspects. Vocal cool-down resulted on decreasing the fundamental frequency and the degree of discomfort, especially on voice related aspects. Comparison between experimental and control groups did not show any statistical difference on the analyzed variables. Cool-down and rest showed equally positive on adjusting back to the colloquial voice. Conclusion: lecture has raised the vocal attrition, indicating the vocal loading to which teachers are exposed. The proposed procedure showed to be positive and able to be applied preventively. New studies, with a larger number of subjects, should take place, ...(Complete abstract click electronic address below)
Doutor
Masson, Maria Lúcia Vaz [UNESP]. "Aula, repouso, aquecimento e desaquecimento vocal em professores de uma escola pública de ensino médio de Salvador - BA." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102209.
Full textJustificativa: professores compõem uma categoria profissional que tem a voz como um dos cruciais instrumentos de trabalho. Fatores de risco os expõem a alterações vocais que podem prejudicar o exercício profissional. Dentre os aspectos considerados no cuidado com a voz, o aquecimento e o desaquecimento vocal possibilitam a preparação da voz para o uso em sala de aula. Objetivo: analisar os efeitos da aula, do repouso e de um procedimento de aquecimento e desaquecimento vocal na qualidade da voz e no grau de desconforto auto-referido. Métodos: Dezoito professores de uma escola pública estadual do município de Salvador-BA, selecionada por conveniência, compuseram a amostra deste estudo. Dividiram-se as amostras entre grupos experimental (n=8) e controle (n=10) e analisaram-se os efeitos da aula e repouso (grupo controle), aquecimento e desaquecimento vocal (grupo experimental), considerando-se a avaliação de juízes por meio da escala GRBASI e ressonância, análise acústica e grau de desconforto auto-referido. O material analisado foi submetido a tratamento estatístico, sendo considerado nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A aula provocou elevação estatisticamente significante da freqüência fundamental e aumento do grau de desconforto auto-referido. Não houve diferença significante nas variáveis analisadas para o repouso vocal. O aquecimento vocal proporcionou redução do grau geral de alteração vocal e diminuição do desconforto, especialmente nos aspectos relacionados ao corpo. O desaquecimento vocal proporcionou diminuição da freqüência fundamental e redução do grau de desconforto, especialmente relacionado à voz. A comparação entre os grupos experimental e controle não demonstrou diferença estatisticamente significante em nenhuma variável analisada. Tanto o desaquecimento quanto o repouso vocal proporcionaram o retorno da voz ao ajuste coloquial...
Justification: Voice is a main work tool for teachers and they are exposed to risk factors able to cause voice disorders. Vocal warm-up and cool-down procedures are used as preparation for the use of voice in classrooms. Goal: to analyze the effects of vocal warm-up and cool-down procedure, rest and lecture on voice quality, as well as on the degree of self-reported discomfort. Methods: the subjects of this research were 18 teachers of a state school in Salvador/BA, which were selected by convenience. They were divided in two groups, one experimental (n=8) and the control (n=10). Then they were subject to an analysis of the effects of lecture and rest (control group), vocal warmup and cool-down procedures (experimental group). The criteria for comparison between the voices were evaluation by judges, considering the GRBASI scale and resonance, analysis of acoustic parameters and the degree of self-related discomfort. The significance level for the statistical treatment was 5%. Results: lecture resulted in statistically relevant increase of the fundamental frequency and rising of self-related discomfort. Rest did not result on statistically significant difference on the variables. Vocal warm-up resulted on decreasing in degree of vocal alteration and discomfort, especially on body related aspects. Vocal cool-down resulted on decreasing the fundamental frequency and the degree of discomfort, especially on voice related aspects. Comparison between experimental and control groups did not show any statistical difference on the analyzed variables. Cool-down and rest showed equally positive on adjusting back to the colloquial voice. Conclusion: lecture has raised the vocal attrition, indicating the vocal loading to which teachers are exposed. The proposed procedure showed to be positive and able to be applied preventively. New studies, with a larger number of subjects, should take place, ...(Complete abstract click electronic address below)
Baravieira, Paula Belini. "Aplicação de uma rede neural artificial para a avaliação da rugosidade e soprosidade vocal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/82/82131/tde-22062016-114356/.
Full textThe auditory-perceptual evaluation is fundamental in the study and analysis of voice. This evaluation, however, is subjective and tends to be imprecise and variable. On the other hand, acoustic analysis allows reproducing results, although these results must be refined since the analysis is not precise enough for intense dysphonia or chaotic waves. Therefore, the will to develop measurements allowing reliable knowledge related to vocal function is not new on this research and clinical actuation field. In this context, the use of artificial intelligence such as neural networks seems to be a promising research field. Objective: to validate an automatic system using artificial neural networks for evaluation of vocal roughness and breathiness. Methods: One hundred fifty (150) voices were selected from from Clínica de Fonoaudiologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru (FOB/USP) database. These voices presented variation from neutral to intense roughness and/or breathiness. Twenty-three of them were excluded since they did not match inclusion criteria. Thus, 123 voices were used for analysis. The procedures include use of auditoryperception based on two scales: visual analog scale of 100 mm and four points numerical scale. Additionally, the characteristics of voice signals were extracted by Wavelet Packet Transform and by analysis of acoustic parameters: jitter, shimmer, derivative amplitude and pitch amplitude. Validation of classifying system was carried out by parameterization, training, test and evaluation of artificial neural networks. Results: In the auditory-perceptual evaluation, excellent interrater (p=0.85) and intrarater (0.87
Zagari, Priscila Rodrigues Prado Prado. "Repercussão da reabilitação da comunicação oral na qualidade de vida e desvantagem vocal em laringectomizados totais." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/11953.
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Introduction: changes in vocal quality can bring impact on quality of life of an individual undergoing the treatment of advanced larynx cancer. Objective: Analyze the impact of rehabilitation methods of oral communication in laryngectomized, regarding the impact of voice on the quality of life and vocal handicap. Methods: cross-sectional study-exploratory carried out in patients with malignant neoplasms of the larynx, in advanced stages III and IV, and submitted to the major surgeries in the period of six months, after surgical treatment. The selection was performed between the months of May and September 2011, and the final 40 male subjects, which comprised the sample, answered two protocols: Quality of Life in Voice (V-RQOL) and Voice Handicap Index (VHI). The descriptive statistical analysis revealed the absolute and relative frequencies of socio-demographic aspects, and to check adherence to the normal curve of the indices was used the test Kolmogov-Smirnov, for the difference in rates between the different groups of rehabilitation (tracheoesophageal prostheses, electronic larynx and esophageal voice), the Kruskal-Wallis test and for the difference between these groups, post hoc Dum test. For all analyzes was assumed a descriptive level of 5% (p<0.05) for statistical significance. Results: recorded total values higher in answers to the QVV (82.9) and lower in IDV (24.8) of the patients rehabilitated with tracheoesophageal prostheses when compared to those who make use of electronic larynx (V-RQOL= 73.6 and IDV = 32.1) or esophageal voice (V-RQOL= 55.4 and IDV = 46.4). In the comparison between the groups for the indices of the QVV total score and the Socioemotional Domain registered a significant difference (p=0.027 and p=0.006) as well as the total score and the functional of the IDV (respectively, p=0.049 and p=0.012). Conclusion: the rehabilitation of laryngectomees totals with tracheoesophageal prostheses, according to the patients themselves had more positively on the quality of life with smaller vocal disadvantage, when compared to rehabilitation with electronic larynx and finally with esophageal voice
Introdução: mudanças na qualidade vocal podem trazer impacto na qualidade de vida de um indivíduo submetido a tratamento de câncer avançado de laringe. Objetivo: Analisar a repercussão dos métodos de reabilitação de comunicação oral em laringectomizados totais, quanto ao impacto da voz na qualidade de vida e desvantagem vocal. Métodos: estudo transversal-exploratório realizado com pacientes com neoplasias malignas de laringe, em estádios avançados III e IV, submetidos às cirurgias de grande porte no período de seis meses, após tratamento cirúrgico. A seleção foi realizada entre os meses de maio e setembro de 2011, e ao final 40 sujeitos do sexo masculino, que compuseram a amostra, responderam dois questionários: Questionário de Qualidade de Vida em Voz (QVV) e Índice de desvantagem Vocal (IDV). A análise estatística descritiva evidenciou as freqüências absolutas e relativas dos aspectos sócio-demográficos, e para verificar a aderência a curva normal dos índices foi utilizado o teste Kolmogov- Smirnov, para a diferença dos índices entre os diferentes grupos de reabilitação (prótese traqueoesofágica, laringe eletrônica e voz esofágica), o teste Kruskal-Wallis e para diferença entre esses grupos, teste post hoc Dum. Para todas as análises foi assumido um nível descritivo de 5% (p<0,05) para a significância estatística. Resultados: foram registrados valores totais maiores nas respostas ao QVV (82,9) e menores no IDV (24,8) dos pacientes reabilitados com prótese traqueoesofágica, quando comparados aos que fazem uso de laringe eletrônica (QVV= 73,6 e IDV = 32,1) ou voz esofágica (QVV= 55,4 e IDV = 46,4). Na comparação entre os grupos para os índices de QVV o escore Total e o Sócio-Emocional registraram diferença significativa (respectivamente p=0,027 e p=0,006) assim como o escore Total e o Funcional do IDV (respectivamente p=0,049 e p=0,012). Conclusão: a reabilitação do laringectomizados totais com prótese traqueoesofágica, segundo autorreferência dos pacientes repercutiu de forma mais positiva na qualidade de vida, com menor desvantagem vocal quando comparada a reabilitação com laringe eletrônica e por último com voz esofágica
Cukier, Sabrina. "Qualidade vocal em individuos asmáticos com e sem disfunção paradoxal de pregas vocais: correlatos perceptivo-auditivos, acusticos e fisiologicos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13816.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Objective: investigating the perceptual, acoustic and physiological vocal quality of a group of asthmatic individuals with paradoxical vocal fold dysfunction (PVFD) in relation to a group of asthmatic individuals without PVFD and a group of individuals without breathing problems. Methods: recording of acoustic and electroglottographic speech data from 9 individuals with PVFD, 8 with asthma without PVFD and 8 without breathing problems (control group). The perceptual analysis was carried out by means of the phonetic vocal quality analysis protocol. The acoustic analysis comprised both long and short term spectra. The Lx wave of the electroglottographic signals were analyzed and measures relative to the phases of the glottal cycle were extracted. Results: Both PVFD and asthma groups presented supralaryngeal settings characterized by smaller extension and higher constriction of the vocal tract. Laryngeal settings of both PVFD and asthma groups were found to be characterized by hyperfunction, creaky voice, rough voice, breathy voice, sonority breaks, diplophonia and instability, with higher frequency of occurrence of rough voice and breathy voice adjustments and short term instability events in the asthma group. The analysis of the long term spectrum declination lines made it possible to differentiate among the groups and genders: higher degree of spectral intensity was found in the feminine asthma and the masculine control groups and higher degree of spectral intensity in the PVFD group, differentiation also brought out by intensity measures of short and long term spectra. The inspection of the Lx wave revealed the asthma and PVFD groups differed from the control group due to the presence of noise, low intensity and prolonged closed phases. The electroglottographic measures related to speed index and contact coefficient area differentiated the asthma and PVFD groups. Conclusions: the analysis of the data corroborates the hypothesis of the presence of vocal alteration in patients with PVFD and in patients with asthma and favors the description of vocal quality as a diagnosis method, delineating the important demand of speech therapy treatment for these patients
Objetivo: investigar a qualidade vocal de um grupo de indivíduos com disfunção paradoxal de pregas vocais (DPPV) com asma em relação a um grupo de indivíduos asmáticos sem DPPV e a um grupo de indivíduos sem problemas respiratórios, segundo aspectos fonéticos (perceptivo-auditivos, acústicos e fisiológicos). Métodos: gravação de amostras de fala dos sinais acústico e eletroglotográfico de 9 indivíduos com DPPV, 8 com asma sem DPPV e 8 sem problemas respiratórios (grupo controle). O sinal acústico foi analisado do ponto de vista perceptivo-auditivo com roteiro de descrição da qualidade vocal com motivação fonética. As modalidades de análise acústica utilizadas foram os espectros de longo e curto termo. O sinal eletroglotográfico foi analisado a partir da filtragem dos registros, da inspeção da onda Lx e da extração de medidas que refletem as fases do ciclo glótico. Resultados: foram identificados, nos grupos DPPV e asma, ajustes supralaríngeos caracterizados por menor extensão e maior constrição do trato vocal. Os ajustes laríngeos indicaram hiperfunção, voz crepitante, voz áspera, escape de ar, quebras de sonoridade, diplofonia e instabilidade nos grupos DPPV e asma com maior ocorrência de ajuste de voz áspera, escape de ar e ocorrência de curto termo de instabilidade no grupo asma. Na análise acústica de longo termo houve diferenciação entre os grupos e gêneros com maior declínio espectral no grupo asma feminino e controle masculino e maior intensidade espectral no grupo DPPV, diferenciação marcada também pelas medidas espectrais de curto e longo termo. Em termos fisiológicos, na inspeção da onda Lx os grupos asma e DPPV aproximaram-se e diferenciam-se do grupo controle porque apresentaram ruído, baixa intensidade e fase fechada alongada. As medidas eletroglotográficas índice de velocidade e área do coeficiente de contato diferenciaram os grupos asma e DPPV. Conclusões: a análise dos dados contempla a hipótese de alteração vocal em pacientes com DPPV e em pacientes com asma e possibilita a descrição da qualidade vocal como um método de diagnóstico, apontando para a importante demanda de tratamento fonoaudiológico junto a estes pacientes
Martinello, Janaína Gheissa. "Avaliações psicométricas de qualidade de vida e voz em professores da rede municipal de Bauru." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25143/tde-21102009-163242/.
Full textTeachers are voice professionals who have been widely studied by national and international researchers. Studies show a high prevalence of vocal alterations among teachers. One of the criteria for the establishment of vocal alteration prevalence, is based on teachers´ self-perception, termed as self-reported dysphonia (when the teacher him/herself reports the vocal alteration). To know the degree in which vocal alteration may affect a teacher´s life and his/her career, is consistent with that proposed by the World Health Organization, which suggests assessing the impact of a disease, taking into account the patient´s point of view and not the evaluator´s. This study aimed at comparing voice disordered quality of life (VQOL) measures between a group of teachers who reported vocal alteration and a group of teachers who did not, by verifying the teacher´s perception as for the impact of vocal alteration in the different dimensions of voice quality of life. Ninety-eight teachers, from 11 municipal schools of Bauru and in different grades (infantile and fundamental teaching and education of adolescents and adults), participated in this study. All teachers answered three psychometric protocols of voice quality of life: Voice Handicap Index (VHI), Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL), and the Voice Activity Participation Profile (VAPP), besides a questionnaire for the characterization of the sample. The result shows that 39.8% of teachers reported vocal alteration. When comparing voice measures between the groups with and without vocal alteration, statistically significant differences were observed: the total score of VHI and its dimensions (physical, emotional and functional); total score of V-RQOL and its dimensions (physical and socio-emotional functioning), and total score of VAAP and its dimensions (severity of vocal problem, effect on work, effect on daily communication, effect on social communication and emotion). It was verified, too, that the physical dimension of VHI has a greater impact among the dimensions of this protocol, both for the group with complaint and the one without complaint, indicating a laryngeal discomfort and difficulty at speaking. As for VRQOL, the most striking dimension was the physical functioning domain, also indicating the laryngeal discomfort and the impact of voice on communication, in teachers with and with no complaint. As for VAAP, no domain prevailed over the others, in the group with no complaint. For teachers with complaint, three domains, i.e., daily communication, work and emotions have a greater impact than social communication. The limitation and restriction scores were calculated as well, and it was observed the limitation of activities is greater than the restriction of activities, both in the group with and the group without complaint. One may conclude that the teachers who reported vocal alterations, better realize the impact of voice in different dimensions of voice quality of life.
Silva, Maria Fabiana Bonfim de Lima. "Avaliação de qualidade vocal com motivação fonética: análise integrada de dados de percepção e acústica." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13573.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
AIM: to verify whether the phonetic nature script Vocal Profile Analysis Scheme can be applied to Brazilian Portuguese (VPAS-BP) or not, for the perceptive evaluation of quality and vocal dynamics of speech samples in a group of teachers with vocal disturbs and laryngeal changes from two public schools in Sorocaba city (SP), as well as to discuss the correspondence with acoustic analysis data. METHODOLOGY: The above mentioned group was formed by 25 female teachers with complaints or voice disturbs and medical diagnosis of laryngeal changes. The stimuli used for the auditoryperceptive analysis refer to records of semi-spontaneous speech (interview and class simulation) and to reading standard texts, totalizing 75 stimuli taken from data banks of previous researches. Those samples were selected on the basis of perceptive experiments (nature and duration of samples) and values in the relationship signal/noise. After the experiments, the samples were edited and analyzed by means of acoustic and perceptive procedures. From the auditory-perceptive point of view, the samples were evaluated by 5 judges; from those, 4 participated in a 15 hour workshop on how to use the VPAS-BP. The 90 samples (75 plus 15 repetitions) were randomly presented through the script Experiment MFC 3.2, applied to the software PRAAT (version 5143). From the acoustic point of view, the same samples were edited through the script SG Expression Evaluator, and it was possible to extract f0, intensity, spectral slope and the long term spectrum (LTS).The perceptive and acoustic data were statistically analyzed: comparison of the average and analysis of multiple correlations (canonic analysis, cluster analysis and discriminant). Features like the agreement and trustfulness inter and intra judges in the VPAS-BP were treated by means of the Cochran and Snedecor test to analyze the behavior of the judges group. It was also made the analysis of the vocal quality profile in the studied samples, the agglomerative cluster hierarchical analysis, the vocal qualities adjustments and vocal dynamics aspects. The acoustic data were analyzed through the agglomerative cluster hierarchical analysis. The procedures of canonical correlation and discriminant analysis were applied to the study of the correlations among perceptive data and acoustic measures. RESULTS: the most frequent adjustments of vocal quality in the studied group were, in decreasing order: laryngeal hyperfunction, harsh voice, lifted larynx, vocal tract hyperfunction, closed jaw, pharynx constriction, lifted tongue body and air escape. The features of vocal dynamics, in decreasing order, were: inadequate breathing support, less variety in pitch, lifted usual pitch, lifted usual loudness, fast elocution rate and raised variety in loudness. The acoustic measures that showed extreme combinations were: mean and absolute deviation of spectral slope and ELT absolute deviation, in one extreme, and in the other, f0 median and quantile of 99,5%. Concerning the correspondence between the perceptive and acoustic data, it was found that the f0 measures (median) and ETL measures (absolute deviation) were close to phonatory adjustments. In one hand, the f0 measures (asymmetry and semi amplitude between quarts) and the intensity (asymmetry) were in the same group of lifted larynx adjustments, less extension of jaw and less variety of loudness, whereas the f0 measures (99,5% quantile) and the spectral slope measures (media, absolute deviation and asymmetry) were in a group with the biggest concentration of adjustments. The most frequent were: laryngeal hyperfunction, closed jaw and lifted tongue body, as well as the dynamic vocal aspects related to inadequate breathing support, lifted usual pitch and loudness, less variety of pitch and loudness. CONCLUSIONS: it was verified that the VPAS-BP was totally applicable to the group of teachers in this study, for the findings of vocal quality and vocal dynamics were compatible with the voice disturbs and laryngeal changes (physiological level) and with the acoustic measures, according to the inclusion criteria in the samples
OBJETIVO: Verificar a aplicabilidade do roteiro de natureza fonética Vocal Profile Analysis Scheme para o Português Brasileiro (VPAS-PB), para a avaliação perceptiva de qualidade e dinâmica vocal de amostras de fala de um grupo de professores com distúrbio de voz e alteração laríngea de duas escolas da rede pública do ensino fundamental e médio do município de Sorocaba (SP); e discutir a correspondência a dados de análise acústica. MÉTODOS: A casuística refere-se a 25 professores do sexo feminino com queixas ou manifestações de distúrbio de voz e diagnóstico otorrinolaringológico de alteração laríngea. Os estímulos utilizados para a análise perceptivo-auditiva referem-se a gravações de trechos de fala semiespontânea (entrevista e simulação de aula) e de leitura de texto padronizado, totalizando 75 estímulos retirados de banco de dados de pesquisa anterior. Tais amostras foram selecionadas com base em experimentos de percepção (natureza e duração das amostras) e valores da relação sinal-ruído. Após os experimentos, as amostras foram editadas e analisadas por meio de procedimentos acústico e perceptivo. Do ponto de vista perceptivo-auditivo, as amostras foram avaliadas por cinco juízes, dos quais quatro participaram de Workshop de 15 horas no uso do roteiro VPAS-PB. As 90 amostras (75, somadas 15 repetições) foram apresentadas aleatoriamente por meio de script Experiment MFC 3.2 aplicável ao software PRAAT (versão 5143). Do ponto de vista acústico, as mesmas amostras foram analisadas por meio do script SG Expression Evaluator, propiciando a extração de medidas de frequência fundamental (f0), intensidade, declínio espectral e espectro de longo termo (ELT). Os dados perceptivos e acústicos foram analisados estatisticamente: comparação de médias e análises de correlações múltiplas (análise canônica, de cluster, e discriminante). Aspectos como a concordância e a confiabilidade inter e intrajuízes no roteiro VPASPB foram tratados por meio dos testes de Cochran e Snedecor para análise do comportamento do grupo de juízes. Também foi realizada a análise do perfil da qualidade vocal das amostras estudadas, além da análise aglomerativa hierárquica de cluster, dos ajustes de qualidade vocal e aspectos de dinâmica vocal. Os dados acústicos foram analisados por meio da análise aglomerativa hierárquica de cluster. Os procedimentos de análise de correlação canônica e de análise discriminante foram aplicados ao estudo das correlações entre dados perceptivos e medidas acústicas. RESULTADOS: Os ajustes de qualidade vocal mais frequentes no grupo estudado, em ordem decrescente de ocorrência foram: hiperfunção laríngea, voz áspera, laringe elevada, hiperfunção do trato vocal, mandíbula fechada, constrição faríngea, corpo de língua elevado e escape de ar. Quanto aos aspectos da dinâmica vocal, em ordem decrescente, destacaram-se: suporte respiratório inadequado, diminuição da variabilidade de pitch, pitch habitual elevado, loudness habitual elevado, taxa de elocução rápida e variabilidade de loudness aumentado. As medidas acústicas que mostraram combinações extremas foram: média e desvio-padrão de declínio espectral e desvio-padrão de ELT, num extremo, e no outro, mediana de f0 e quantil de 99,5% de f0. Com relação à correspondência entre os dados perceptivos e os acústicos foi encontrado que as medidas de f0 (mediana) e de ELT (desvio-padrão) estiveram próximas a ajustes fonatórios. De um lado, as medidas de f0 (assimetria e semiamplitude entre quartis), bem como a intensidade (assimetria), estiveram em grupo com ajustes de laringe elevada, extensão diminuída de mandíbula e variabilidade diminuída de loudness. De outro lado, as medidas de f0 (quantil 99,5%) e de declínio espectral (média, desvio-padrão e assimetria) estiveram localizadas em grupo com a maior concentração de ajustes, dentre os quais, dos mais frequentes, destacaram-se hiperfunção laríngea, hiperfunção de trato vocal, constrição faríngea, mandíbula fechada e corpo de língua elevado, além dos aspectos de dinâmica vocal relativos a suporte respiratório inadequado, pitch e loudness habitual elevados, pitch e loudness variabilidade diminuída. CONCLUSÕES: O roteiro de avaliação de qualidade vocal de base fonética VPAS-PB mostrou-se justamente aplicável ao grupo de professores do presente estudo uma vez que os achados de qualidade vocal e de dinâmica vocal apresentaram-se compatíveis com os quadros de distúrbio de voz e alteração laríngea (plano fisiológico) e com as medidas acústicas, conforme critérios de inclusão na amostra
Pessoa, Aline Neves. "Correlatos perceptivos e acústicos de qualidade e dinâmica vocal na fala de crianças usuárias de implante coclear." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13607.
Full textFundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
in the context of speech therapy and audiology devoted to the assistance of hearing impairment children (HI) and users of cochlear implants (CI), this research approaches perceptual and production aspects of speech based on the Phonetic Sciences. It focuses on the variability of patterns within the speech of children and presents the prosodic description by detailing the voice quality settings and the voice dynamics elements. Objective: to describe the perceptual correlates of the speech signal of children with HI and users of CI through the voice quality and voice dynamics, taking into account: factors related to clinic prediction of outcomes according to particularities of each child, the resulting changes throughout the therapy and data comparison of HI children and users of CI with normal hearing children. Methodology: the data is composed of audio recordings of semi-spontaneous speech samples of 8 children with HI and users of CI within the chronological age range of 2 years and 10 months and 7 years and 7 months. The corpus was digitalized with sampling frequency of 22050 Hz and 16 bits and recorded as wav extension through the Sound Forge Edit software (v7.0). The perceptual analysis consists on voice quality and voice dynamics jugdgements performed through of the Vocal Profile Analysis Scheme for Brazilian Portuguese (VPAS-PB). Those samples underwent also an auditory judgement taskconcerning the naturalness, accuracy and easiness of speech comprehension through a deferential semantic scale. The acoustic analysis was conducted through the ExpressionEvaluator script applied to the software PRAAT v.10. The perceptual data underwent also a statistical analysis through the software XLStat by using analysis of agglomerative hierarchical cluster, canonical correlation and discriminating analysis. Results: from the combined analysis of acoustic and perceptual data it was possible to highlight voice quality settings and elements of voice dynamics, which enabled the creation of a detailed profile of the HI children and users of CI. In relation to the vocal quality settings, the findings of high level of laryngeal hyperfunction, minimized range of lips, jaw, and tongue body, as well as retracted and lowered tongue body, combined with elements showing an elevation of habitual pitch, minimized pitch and loudness extension and variability, slow or fast rate and inadequate respiratory support. Such settings and movements were influenced and correlated to acoustic measures, especially those related to f0 and spectral slope. Conclusion: from the detailed description of prosodic elements it was possible to estimate the influence of some factors that may be related to the outcomes such as: presence/absence of CI and type of CI, followed by chronological age, from the moment of collection and finally the auditory age
Contextualizada na clínica fonoaudiológica que se dedica ao atendimento de crianças com deficiência auditiva (DA) e usuárias de implante colear (IC), esta pesquisa aborda aspectos da percepção e da produção de fala tendo como base as Ciências Fonéticas. Enfoca a variabilidade de padrões contidos na fala de crianças e apresenta a descrição prosódica a partir do detalhamento dos ajustes de qualidade vocal e elementos de dinâmica vocal. Objetivo: descrever os correlatos perceptivo-auditivos e acústicos da fala de crianças com DA usuárias de IC a partir da qualidade e dinâmica vocal, considerando: fatores relacionados à predição de desfecho clínico conforme as particularidades de cada criança, as mudanças ao longo de um período de terapia e a comparação de dados de criança DA usuária de IC com criança ouvinte. Métodos: foram audiogravadas e analisadas amostras de fala semi-espontânea de 8 crianças com DA e usuárias de IC, que tinham entre 2 anos e 10 meses a 7 anos e 7 meses anos de idade cronológica, durante fonoterapia e de uma criança ouvinte (de 7 anos e 7 meses de idade). O corpus foi digitalizado na frequência de amostragem 22050 Hz e 16 bits, extensão wav, a partir do software Sound Forge Edit (v7.0). A análise perceptivo-auditiva foi realizada por meio do roteiro Vocal Profile Analysis Scheme (VPAS-PB), a partir de julgamentos de qualidade e de dinâmica vocal. Tais amostras também foram julgadas quanto à naturalidade, precisão e facilidade de compreensão de fala por meio da escala de diferencial semântico. A análise acústica foi conduzida a partir da aplicação do script ExpressionEvaluator ao software Praat v.10. Os dados de análises perceptivo-auditiva e acústica foram analisados estatisticamente, por meio do software XLStat, a partir de análise aglomerativa hierárquica de cluster análise de correlação canônica e análise discriminante; Resultados: da análise conjugada de dados perceptivos e acústicos, foi possível destacar ajustes de qualidade vocal e elementos de dinâmica vocal, os quais permitem detalhar o perfil de fala das crianças DA usuárias de IC. Em relação aos ajustes de qualidade vocal, os achados de maior grau de hiperfunção laríngea, de diminuição de extensão de lábios, mandíbula e língua, além de corpo de língua recuado e abaixado combinaram-se a elementos de elevação do pitch habitual, diminuição de extensão e variabilidade de pitch e loudness, suporte respiratório inadequado e aumento ou diminuição na taxa de elocução. Tais ajustes e mobilizações correlacionaram-se a medidas acústicas, especialmente aquelas relativas à variabilidade de f0 e de declínio espectral. Conclusão: da descrição detalhada dos elementos prosódicos foi possível estimar a influência de alguns fatores que possam estar relacionados à predição de desfecho clínico, tais como presença/ausência de IC e tipo de IC, seguido de idade cronológica, dos momentos de coleta e, finalmente, da idade auditiva
Rojas, Gleidy Vannesa Espitia. "Ansiedade e voz cantada: parâmetros clínicos e efeitos da administração aguda de ocitocina em homens." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17151/tde-17042018-141754/.
Full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate effects of administration of Oxytocin (OT) in the musical performance anxiety (MPA) in professional singers, having the \'Test of Public Singing Simulation\' (TPSS) as parameter. We conducted a double-blind cross-over randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial, with 50 professional male singers as subjects, of whom 16% were erudite singers and 84% were popular singers, with an average age of 28.86 and an average period of experience of 10.96 years. All singers self-administered an only dose of 24UI of OT or placebo via a nasal spray, in different sessions, according to the group they were placed with. After 51 minutes of the OT or placebo administration, time that coincident of peak concentration of OT, the TPSS was performed, which consisted of an acapella musical interpretation of a free choice song for 4 minutes in a controlled environment. Measures of mood indicators were analyzed, as well as performance, vocal signs and symptoms, with self-assessment scales and analysis of voice acoustic measures using Multi-Dimensional Voice Program Advanced software during six stages: Initial Measure (MI), Basal Measure (MB), Anticipatory (MA), Performance Measure (MD), Post-stress 0 Measure (MPe0) and Post-stress 1 Measure (MPe1). An analysis of the ANOVA 2x2 variation was performed for crossover study models with intra- and inter- subject comparisons. The results indicated an effect in the OT treatment when compared with placebo during the TPSS, improving the in stages MD, MPe0 and MPe1. There were no changes in mood indicators, vocal signs and symptoms nor in vocal acoustic measures over the TPSS. Sequence and period effect were not evident for the reviewed measures. Separability criterion presented OT treatment correspondence of 29% for self-evaluation measurements and 23% for voice acoustic measures, which was estimated regardless of the carryover effect. In conclusion, OT had an anxiolytic effect, emphasizing an improvement in self-evaluation concerning performance with no adverse reaction in terms of voice signs and symptoms and vocal acoustic measures.
Herbert, John Charles. "Broadcast speech and the effect of voice quality on the listener : a study of the various components which categorise listener perception by vocal characteristics." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1989. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15094/.
Full textSoares, Raquel Campos. "O impacto do uso de máscara na qualidade vocal dos professores das Faculdades da UFP e da ESS-FP." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/10773.
Full textO uso de máscara tem vindo a prejudicar a qualidade vocal dos professores, particularmente, dos professores universitários, durante e após o ensino presencial em salas de aula e/ou auditórios. No entanto, ainda existe pouca literatura acerca deste tema em Portugal. Deste modo, foi realizado um questionário como instrumento de recolha de dados, com o objetivo de determinar o conhecimento dos professores das Faculdades da Universidade Fernando Pessoa e da Escola Superior de Saúde Fernando Pessoa relativamente ao impacto do uso de máscara na qualidade vocal. A amostra é constituída por 68 professores, com idade superior a 18 anos, falantes de qualquer idioma e que lecionaram no período de setembro de 2020 a janeiro de 2021. As idades dos inquiridos estão compreendidas entre os 26 e os 79 anos, sendo a maioria das respostas dadas por pessoas do sexo feminino. Uma vez que não existiam respostas corretas e erradas, foi possível realizar uma análise dos comportamentos adotados pelos professores dentro e fora do contexto de sala de aula, bem como dos sintomas apresentados pelos mesmos no decorrer e no final das aulas. De acordo com os dados da análise descritiva, existem discrepâncias relativamente às respostas dadas pelos professores durante o uso de máscara no ensino presencial e no que diz respeito à autoperceção da qualidade vocal após o ensino presencial. Através de uma análise inferencial, foi possível observar que existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas no uso de máscara no ensino presencial e na autoperceção da qualidade vocal após o ensino presencial entre o sexo feminino e masculino.
The use of mask has been damaging teachers’ voice quality, particularly, university professors, during and after face-to-face teaching in classrooms and/or auditoriums. Nonetheless, there’s still little literature about this matter in Portugal. Thus, it was carried out a questionnaire as a data collection instrument in order to determine the knowledge of professors from the colleges of Universidade Fernando Pessoa and Escola Superior de Saúde Fernando Pessoa regarding the impact of using mask in voice quality. The sample consists of 68 teachers, aged over 18 years old, speakers of any language and who taught in the period of september 2020 to january 2021. The ages of the respondents are between 26 and 79 years old, being the majority of answers given by female people. Since there were no correct and wrong answers, it was possible to carry out an analysis of the behaviors adopted by teachers inside and outside the classroom context, as well as the symptoms presented by them during and in the end of classes. According to the descriptive analysis data, there are discrepancies regarding the responses given by the teachers during the use of mask in face-to-face teaching and with regard to self-perception of voice quality after face-toface teaching. Through an inferential analysis, it was possible to observe that there are statistically significant differences in the use of mask in face-to-face teaching and in the self-perception of voice quality after face-to-face teaching between the female and male sex.
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Calzada, Defez Àngel. "Conveying expressivity and vocal effort transformation in synthetic speech with Harmonic plus Noise Models." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/360587.
Full textEsta tesis se llevó a cabo en el Grup en Tecnologies Mèdia de la Escuela de Ingeniería y Arquitectura la Salle. El grupo lleva una larga trayectoria dentro del campo de la síntesis de voz y cuenta con su propio sistema de síntesis por concatenación de unidades (US-TTS). El sistema permite sintetizar múltiples estilos expresivos mediante el uso de corpus específicos para cada estilo expresivo. De este modo, para realizar una síntesis agresiva, el sistema usa el corpus de este estilo, y para un estilo sensual, usa otro corpus específico para ese estilo. La presente tesis aborda el problema con un enfoque distinto proponiendo cambios en el esquema del sistema con el fin de mejorar la flexibilidad para sintetizar múltiples estilos expresivos a partir de un único corpus de estilo de habla neutro. El planteamiento seguido en esta tesis esta basado en el uso de técnicas de procesamiento de señales (DSP) para llevar a cabo modificaciones del señal de voz para que este exprese el estilo de habla deseado. Para llevar acabo las modificaciones de la señal de voz se han usado los modelos harmónico más ruido (HNM) por su flexibilidad para efectuar modificaciones de señales. La cualidad de la voz (VoQ) juega un papel importante en diferentes estilos expresivos. Por ello se exploró la síntesis expresiva basada en modificaciones de parámetros de bajo nivel de la VoQ. Durante este estudio se detectaron diferentes problemas que dieron pié a los objetivos planteados en esta tesis, entre ellos el encontrar un único parámetro con fuerte influencia en la expresividad. El parámetro seleccionado fue el esfuerzo vocal (VE) por su importante papel a la hora de expresar diferentes emociones. Las primeras pruebas se realizaron con el fin de transferir el VE entre dos realizaciones con diferente grado de VE de la misma palabra usando una metodología basada en un proceso filtrado de pre-émfasis adaptativo con coeficientes de predicción lineales (APLP). Esta primera aproximación logró transferir el nivel de VE entre dos realizaciones de la misma palabra, sin embargo el proceso presentaba limitaciones para generar niveles de esfuerzo vocal intermedios. A fin de mejorar la flexibilidad y el control del sistema para expresar diferentes niveles de VE, se planteó un nuevo modelo de VE basado en polinomios lineales. Este modelo permitió transferir el VE entre dos palabras diferentes e incluso generar nuevos niveles no presentes en el corpus usado para la síntesis. Esta flexibilidad está alineada con el objetivo general de esta tesis de permitir a un sistema US-TTS expresar múltiples estilos de habla expresivos a partir de un único corpus de estilo neutro. Además, la metodología propuesta incorpora un parámetro que permite de forma sencilla controlar el nivel de VE expresado en la voz sintetizada. Esto abre la posibilidad de controlar fácilmente el proceso de síntesis tal y como se hizo en el proyecto CreaVeu usando interfaces simples e intuitivas, también realizado dentro del grupo GTM. Esta memoria concluye con una revisión del trabajo realizado en esta tesis y con una propuesta de modificación de un esquema de US-TTS para expresar diferentes niveles de VE a partir de un único corpus neutro.
This thesis was conducted in the Grup en Tecnologies M`edia (GTM) from Escola d’Enginyeria i Arquitectura la Salle. The group has a long trajectory in the speech synthesis field and has developed their own Unit-Selection Text-To-Speech (US-TTS) which is able to convey multiple expressive styles using multiple expressive corpora, one for each expressive style. Thus, in order to convey aggressive speech, the US-TTS uses an aggressive corpus, whereas for a sensual speech style, the system uses a sensual corpus. Unlike that approach, this dissertation aims to present a new schema for enhancing the flexibility of the US-TTS system for performing multiple expressive styles using a single neutral corpus. The approach followed in this dissertation is based on applying Digital Signal Processing (DSP) techniques for carrying out speech modifications in order to synthesize the desired expressive style. For conducting the speech modifications the Harmonics plus Noise Model (HNM) was chosen for its flexibility in conducting signal modifications. Voice Quality (VoQ) has been proven to play an important role in different expressive styles. Thus, low-level VoQ acoustic parameters were explored for conveying multiple emotions. This raised several problems setting new objectives for the rest of the thesis, among them finding a single parameter with strong impact on the expressive style conveyed. Vocal Effort (VE) was selected for conducting expressive speech style modifications due to its salient role in expressive speech. The first approach working with VE was based on transferring VE between two parallel utterances based on the Adaptive Pre-emphasis Linear Prediction (APLP) technique. This approach allowed transferring VE but the model presented certain restrictions regarding its flexibility for generating new intermediate VE levels. Aiming to improve the flexibility and control of the conveyed VE, a new approach using polynomial model for modelling VE was presented. This model not only allowed transferring VE levels between two different utterances, but also allowed to generate other VE levels than those present in the speech corpus. This is aligned with the general goal of this thesis, allowing US-TTS systems to convey multiple expressive styles with a single neutral corpus. Moreover, the proposed methodology introduces a parameter for controlling the degree of VE in the synthesized speech signal. This opens new possibilities for controlling the synthesis process such as the one in the CreaVeu project using a simple and intuitive graphical interfaces, also conducted in the GTM group. The dissertation concludes with a review of the conducted work and a proposal for schema modifications within a US-TTS system for introducing the VE modification blocks designed in this dissertation.
Nunes, Rafaela Rohsbacker Gonzalez. "Voz-ruído na canção popular brasileira: a expressividade das vozes femininas do samba-canção da década de 1950." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27158/tde-07112017-155453/.
Full textThe song counts on the color of the voice qualities of its performers, who through different sonorities play a role in expressiveness and in the construction of its meaning. Among these sonorities are the noise voices, understood in this research as voice qualities that present sonorous noise next to the vocal tone. The present study aims to investigate the intrinsic aspects of the sound coming from such voices - physiological, acoustic, psychoacoustic and psychodynamic characteristics - and to propose a category survey, investigating its relation with the expressiveness of the singing voice through an analytic listening. This research includes the popular Brazilian singing model, in the repertoire of the samba-canção of the 1950s, in the voices of Dalva de Oliveira, Ângela Maria, Dolores Duran and Maysa. The results point to the role of the voice qualities of the performers in the construction of the meaning of the song, where the noise voice and its antagonistic sonority help to delineate an emotional state expressed by the lyrics, as well as suggest the identification of the singers to the aesthetic aspects of the samba-canção during the study period.
Silveira, Hevely Saray Lima. "Avaliação da efetividade do exercício do [b] prolongado associado à vogal grave com pressão tóraco-abdominal em laringectomia parcial supracricóide." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5170/tde-11052017-140747/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Partial supracricoid laryngectomy is a feasible treatment that allows the preservation of laryngeal functions and an appropriate local oncological disease control. Currently, we did note find studies that indicate the most appropriate time to perform vocal exercises for patients who underwent this surgery. PURPOSE: to assess the effectiveness of prolonged exercise of the consonant [b] associated to the vowel with thoracoabdominal pressure after supracricoid laryngectomy through the execution time technique. METHODS: the sample consisted of 11 patients, who underwent partial supracricoid laryngectomy after reestablishment of exclusive oral feeding. All participants underwent nasofibroscopy to analyze the laryngeal configuration during exercise and voice recording for perceptual-auditory and acoustic analysis. The recording was performed in six moments: zero moment (M0), before the first execution of the exercise, and in another five moments: minute one (M1), minute two (M2), minute three (M3), minute four(M4) and minute five (M5) and at each interval recording of the vocal tasks was performed. At the end, the exercise was completed for five minutes. For intrajudge reliability analysis and inter-judges, 70% repetitions of the voices were inserted and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was used. For the analysis of each judge for the comparison between M0, M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5 was considered as level of significance p <= 0.05. Non-linear acoustic analysis was performed by the MatLab® 10.0 Program. RESULTS: in the analysis of the laryngeal configuration, the supraglottic activity of the anteroposterior and medial vestibular variables was observed during the exercise, but with no statistical significance. In the perceptual-auditory analysis, there was improvement in the parameters general degree of vocal deviation, roughness, tension and breathiness from four minutes considering the two judges with the highest reliability index. The non-linear acoustic analysis showed all altered parameters and was not able to detect changes between the different moments. CONCLUSION: the exercise execution of the prolonged [b] associated with severe vocal cords with thoraco-abdominal pressure increases the intensity of antero-posterior and medial vestibular supraglottic activity. The performance of the exercise from four minutes of execution improves the general degree of vocal deviation, roughness, tension and breathiness. The acoustic analysis did not present significant results, and it was not possible to capture measurements or modifications between moments
Frizzarini, Ronaldo. "Análise tomográfica para o planejamento da tireoplastia tipo I: estudo experimental em laringes humanas excisadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-20092010-182103/.
Full textType I Thyroplasty is a common procedure and is indicated for symptomatic patients with vocal fold paralysis. It consists on medialization of the vocal fold by introduction of an implant through a window made in the thyroid cartilage lamina. The precise determination of the projection of the vocal fold upon the external surface of the thyroid cartilage is of great importance for the correct location of the window and, thus, for best postoperative results. However, the exact projection of the vocal fold upon the thyroid cartilage is still controversial in the literature. Another important step of this procedure is the creation of an implant that is appropriate in size and shape in order to uniformly medialize the vocal fold, including its posterior aspect. OBJECTIVE: To determine the vocal fold projection upon the external surface of the thyroid cartilage through computed tomography scan and also determine the implant format in order to satisfactory medialize the vocal fold. METHODS: This study was made in the Otolaryngology Department of the University of São Paulo Medical School. Eleven human cadaveric larynges were analyzed using Computed Tomography scans and the method to determine the projection of the anterior comissure upon the midline of the thyroid cartilage as well as the projection of the posterior third of the free edge of the vocal fold upon the external surface of the thyroid cartilage was estalished. Those parameters were used to determine the exact projection of the vocal fold upon the thyroid cartilage lamina. This data were compared to anatomic measures of the larynges. The Computed tomography was also used to establish the shape and dimensions of the appropriate implant for each larynx and its efficacy was tested through type I thyroplasty individually. The results obtained from Computed Tomography scan measurement were compared to anatomic data and analyzed through the level of agreement, calculated by Bland and Altman´s method. RESULTS: The Computed Tomography scan measurements to determine the projection of the posterior third of the vocal fold were correlated with the anatomic evaluation in all cases. The projection of the anterior comissure presented a high level of accordance, as 70% of cases presented an error less than 0.81mm (standard deviation). CONCLUSIONS: This method showed to be simple and effective to determine the vocal fold projection upon the larynx external surface and also to establish individualized shapes of implants that can medialize uniformly the vocal fold, including its posterior aspect.