Journal articles on the topic 'Vocal Load'
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Hunter, Eric J., Lady Catherine Cantor-Cutiva, Eva van Leer, Miriam van Mersbergen, Chaya Devie Nanjundeswaran, Pasquale Bottalico, Mary J. Sandage, and Susanna Whitling. "Toward a Consensus Description of Vocal Effort, Vocal Load, Vocal Loading, and Vocal Fatigue." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 2 (February 26, 2020): 509–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_jslhr-19-00057.
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Purpose The purpose of this document is threefold: (a) review the uses of the terms “vocal fatigue,” “vocal effort,” “vocal load,” and “vocal loading” (as found in the literature) in order to track the occurrence and the related evolution of research; (b) present a “linguistically modeled” definition of the same from the review of literature on the terms; and (c) propose conceptualized definitions of the concepts. Method A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scientific Electronic Library Online. Four terms (“vocal fatigue,” “vocal effort,” “vocal load,” and “vocal loading”), as well as possible variants, were included in the search, and their usages were compiled into conceptual definitions. Finally, a focus group of eight experts in the field (current authors) worked together to make conceptual connections and proposed consensus definitions. Results The occurrence and frequency of “vocal load,” “vocal loading,” “vocal effort,” and “vocal fatigue” in the literature are presented, and summary definitions are developed. The results indicate that these terms appear to be often interchanged with blurred distinctions. Therefore, the focus group proposes the use of two new terms, “vocal demand” and “vocal demand response,” in place of the terms “vocal load” and “vocal loading.” We also propose standardized definitions for all four concepts. Conclusion Through a comprehensive literature search, the terms “vocal fatigue,” “vocal effort,” “vocal load,” and “vocal loading” were explored, new terms were proposed, and standardized definitions were presented. Future work should refine these proposed definitions as research continues to address vocal health concerns.
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Phyland, Debra. "The Measurement and Effects of Vocal Load in Singing Performance. How Much Singing Can a Singer Sing if a Singer Can Sing Songs?" Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 2, no. 3 (January 2017): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/persp2.sig3.79.
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Singing as both an art form and physical activity demands a level of health and skill fitness to meet performance demands. The determination of performance fitness relies on performers' self-evaluations of their vocal capacity for performance, based, amongst other factors, on the current vocal status and ability to manage the associated vocal load. Measurement of load and the impact on the vocal mechanism is complex and influenced by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Researchers have attempted to quantify vocal load effects by measuring physical impact stress on the vocal folds, self-reported perceived exertion, and/or clinical evaluation of physiologic, acoustic, or perceptual changes. Most studies have been conducted in laboratory rather than in performance contexts and studies on singers are substantially lacking. Heavy vocal load has been causally associated with the development of voice disorders, although the exact relationship and thresholds for acquiring laryngeal pathology require further elucidation, and little is also known about the development of voice disorders among singers. Further understanding of the short-term and cumulative effect on the vocal folds of performing as a singer and the nature and prevalence of voice problems among singers is crucial to the determination of appropriate prevention and therapeutic management.
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Remacle, Angélique, Dominique Morsomme, and Camille Finck. "Comparison of Vocal Loading Parameters in Kindergarten and Elementary School Teachers." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 57, no. 2 (April 2014): 406–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2013_jslhr-s-12-0351.
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Purpose Although a global picture exists of teachers' voice demands in general, few studies have compared specific groups of teachers to determine whether some are more at risk than others. This study compared the vocal loadings of kindergarten and elementary school teachers; professional and nonprofessional vocal load were determined for both groups. Method Twelve kindergarten and 20 elementary school female teachers without voice problems were monitored during 1 workweek using the Ambulatory Phonation Monitor. Vocal loading parameters analyzed were F0, SPL, time dose, distance dose, and cycle dose. Results Comparisons between the groups showed significantly higher cycle dose and distance dose for kindergarten teachers than for elementary school teachers, in both professional and nonprofessional environments. Professional and nonprofessional voice use comparisons showed significant differences for all parameters, indicating that vocal load was higher in the professional environment for both groups. Conclusions The higher vocal doses measured in kindergarten teachers suggest that particular attention should be paid to this specific group of teachers. Although nonprofessional vocal load is lower than professional vocal load, it is important to take both into account because of their cumulative effects.
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Zabret, Miha, Irena Hočevar Boltežar, and Maja Šereg Bahar. "The importance of the occupational vocal load for the occurence and treatment of organic voice disorders." Slovenian Journal of Public Health 57, no. 1 (January 5, 2018): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjph-2018-0003.
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AbstractIntroductionThe voice represents a basic working tool for carrying out certain occupations. Hoarseness, as a consequence of vocal fold lesions, presents an important cause of work-related absences for voice professionals.MethodsOur study was designed as a retrospective cohort one. Data on gender, workplace, vocal load and exposure to risk factors for voice disorders of the patients who had surgery in the 2014-2015 period at the tertiary centre due to benign vocal fold lesions were collected from their clinical records. We compared professional voice users (PVU) to subjects with no vocal load at work (NPVU). The SPSS programme, version 22.0, was used for statistical analysis.ResultsFrom 2014 to 2015, 103 PVU and 132 NPVU were surgically treated for benign vocal fold lesions. In comparison to the second group, loud speech use was reported significantly more often by PVU (40.8% vs. 14.4%), as was a fast speaking rate (22.3% vs. 9.8%) and additional vocal load outside of the workplace (23.3% vs. 12.9%). The time that had passed between the occurrence of the hoarseness and the surgical treatment did not differ between the groups. The majority of patients were satisfied with the outcome of the operation.ConclusionsNearly a half of the operated patients had a considerable vocal load at work. An ENT assessment prior to starting a job as well as priority phoniatric treatment of voice disorders for PVU would significantly reduce the costs of work absences and contribute to a speedier recovery and return to the workplace.
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Remacle, Angélique, Jean Schoentgen, Camille Finck, Agnès Bodson, and Dominique Morsomme. "Impact of vocal load on breathiness: Perceptual evaluation." Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology 39, no. 3 (March 3, 2014): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14015439.2014.884161.
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Buekers, R., E. Bierens, H. Kingma, and E. H. M. A. Marres. "Vocal Load as Measured by the Voice Accumulator." Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica 47, no. 5 (1995): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000266359.
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Durup, Nick, Bridget Shield, Stephen Dance, Rory Sullivan, and Luis Gomez-Agustina. "How Classroom Acoustics Affect the Vocal Load of Teachers." Energy Procedia 78 (November 2015): 3084–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.761.
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Lungova, Vlasta, Kate V. Griffin, Tadeas Lunga, and Susan L. Thibeault. "Drainage of amniotic fluid delays vocal fold separation and induces load-related vocal fold mucosa remodeling." Developmental Biology 466, no. 1-2 (October 2020): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.08.003.
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Zasjad’ko, K. I., A. V. Bogomolov, S. K. Soldatov, A. P. Vonarshenko, A. F. Borejchuk, and M. N. Jazljuk. "Changes in indicators of intonation structure of speech in occupational activity of air traffic control operators." Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 1 (March 14, 2019): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-1-31-37.
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Introduction.The study is aimed to determine possible use of vocal signal analysis for diagnosis of functional states in air traffic control operators, with justifying selection of informative parameters of intonation structure of speech.Materials and methods.Experiments on semi-natural simulator complex with participation of 16 air traffic male dispatchers modelled occupational activity of air traffic dispatcher with moderate (6 aircrafts controlled) and intense (7–12 aircrafts controlled) work load. Duration of simulated working shiftwas 6 hours. Registration covered characteristics of main vocal tone of the examinees, with calculation of 8 jitter-factors that portrayed mirco-changes of main vocal tone curve and 2 tremor indices disclosing periodic waves of 4–16 Hz in main vocal tone curve. Functional state of the dispatchers was assessed via cardiac rhythm parameters. Reliability and work capacity of the dispatchers corresponded to correct radio traffi c, changes in threshold of reception and transfer of aircrafts in number of allowable dangerous approach of aircrafts, time to detection of input aircraft’s deviation from preset flight line.Results and discussion.According to analysis of the experiments results, some parameters of the main vocal tone carried significant changes both in first (simulated moderate work load) and second (simulated intense work load) experimental series.The data obtained prove lower level of psychic regulation of the dispatchers’ occupational activity during 3rd to 5thhours of “working shift” in the first experimental series and from 2nd to 4thhours of the second experimental series, due to decreased psychophysiologic resources and developing fatigue.Conclusion.Studies of changes in indicators of intonation structure of speech in occupational activity of air traffic dispatchers demonstrated that using such indicators provides adequate diagnosis of the functional state. The most informative indicators are average value, histogram asymmetry and excessive frequency of main vocal tone, duration of pauses between words of the dispatchers’ commands and fi ft h jitter-factor.
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Hapner, Edie, and Marina Gilman. "The Vocal Load of Reform Jewish Cantors in the USA." Journal of Voice 26, no. 2 (March 2012): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.01.003.
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Phyland, Debra J., Susan L. Thibeault, Michael S. Benninger, Neil Vallance, Kenneth M. Greenwood, and Julian A. Smith. "Perspectives on the Impact on Vocal Function of Heavy Vocal Load Among Working Professional Music Theater Performers." Journal of Voice 27, no. 3 (May 2013): 390.e31–390.e39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2012.12.003.
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Ishikawa, Keiko, Silvia Murgia, Hannah Li, Elisabeth Coster, Elle Harris, Calley Moore, and Pasquale Bottalico. "Individual variations in vocal and cognitive responses to simulated acoustic environments." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0016257.
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Humans “automatically” make vocal and speech adjustments in response to room acoustics; however, it is unclear whether these adjustments require additional cognitive load. Beyond this automatic adjustment, speakers may have to employ a speech production technique to enhance their intelligibility in situations such as public speaking. How does room acoustics challenge speakers on such occasions? Understanding the relationship between room acoustics, speech production, and cognitive load has practical implications for various areas, including speech training and room design. This study describes the associated change in cognitive load when speaking with and without a speech production technique at three levels of reverberation time (i.e., 0.05 s, 1.2 s, and 1.83 s at 125 Hz). Ten adult native speakers of American English were asked to read sentences in simulated acoustic environments using two types of speech production: habitual speech and clear speech, an intelligibility-enhancing technique. Cognitive load during the speech tasks was monitored with pupillometry and a subjective self-rating scale. Participants’ speech production behaviors were acoustically assessed via speech rate and alpha ratio. Preliminary results indicate that reverberation time significantly affects speech production behaviors and cognitive load and that the pattern of cognitive response varies substantially among the speakers.
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Paelecke, Marko, Yvonne Paelecke–Habermann, and Peter Borkenau. "Temperament and Attentional Bias in Vocal Emotional Stroop Tasks." European Journal of Personality 26, no. 2 (March 2012): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.1848.
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Human information processing is influenced by the affective quality of pleasant and unpleasant stimuli. A widely known example is the emotional variant of the colour–naming Stroop task. Although participants are not instructed to attend to valence, it nevertheless influences response times. We studied how persons differ in ignoring the irrelevant valence of stimuli and how such differences are related to personality traits. In two emotional Stroop tasks using a vocal response mode, participants were instructed to name the colour of unpleasant and pleasant words presented in different physical colours. In Study 2, we introduced a second task to increase the cognitive load. Across both studies, extraversion and approach temperament were associated with higher interferences by pleasant words. Neuroticism and avoidance temperament, however, were associated with higher interferences by unpleasant words only when cognitive load increased because of a task switch. This finding suggests that highly neurotic individuals can mitigate influences of emotional stimuli on information processing under conditions of low cognitive load. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Boltežar, Lučka, and Maja Šereg Bahar. "Voice Disorders in Occupations with Vocal Load in Slovenia / Glasovne Težave V Poklicih Z Glasovno Obremenitvijo V Sloveniji." Slovenian Journal of Public Health 53, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjph-2014-0033.
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Abstract Aim. The aim of this paper is to compare the prevalence of voice disorders and the risk factors for them in different occupations with a vocal load in Slovenia. Methods. A meta-analysis of six different Slovenian studies involving teachers, physicians, salespeople, catholic priests, nurses and speech-and-language therapists (SLTs) was performed. In all six studies, similar questions about the prevalence of voice disorders and the causes for them were included. Results. The comparison of the six studies showed that more than 82% of the 2347 included subjects had voice problems at some time during their career. The teachers were the most affected by voice problems. The prevalent cause of voice problems was the vocal load in teachers and salespeople and respiratory-tract infections in all the other occupational groups. When the occupational groups were compared, it was stated that the teachers had more voice problems and showed less care for their voices than the priests. The physicians had more voice problems and showed better consideration of vocal hygiene rules than the SLTs. The majority of all the included subjects did not receive instructions about voice care during education. Conclusions. In order to decrease the prevalence of voice disorders in vocal professionals, a screening program is recommended before the beginning of their studies. Regular courses on voice care and proper vocal technique should be obligatory for all professional voice users during their career. The inclusion of dysphonia in the list of occupational diseases should be considered in Slovenia as it is in some European countries.
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Kunel’skaya, N. L., S. G. Romanenko, O. G. Pavlikhin, E. V. Lesogorova, and Yu V. Luchsheva. "Ethiological factors of voice function impairment at singers of musical theatres." Russian Otorhinolaryngology 19, no. 2 (2020): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2020-2-51-56.
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The analysis of the causes of the pathology of the vocal apparatus in vocalists is carried out. 136 singers were investigated in age from 23 till 70 years old with length of service from 3 till 42 years. It is shown that the occurrence of diseases of the larynx is affected by the state of the vocal apparatus itself, the volume and intensity of the vocal load. Of great importance is the quality of the singer’s vocal training, his age and length of service, the availability of additional work (concert, pedagogical activity), the correspondence of the performed parts to the singer’s technical and acting abilities, domestic and social living conditions. The structure of voice apparatus diseases also depend on type of singer’s voice and his nervous system status. Prevention of impaired voice function in musical theater vocalists should be aimed at eliminating all provoking factors.
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Lamprecht, Raphael, Mohammadali Maghzinajafabadi, Marion Semmler, and Alexander Sutor. "Imaging the Vocal Folds: A Feasibility Study on Strain Imaging and Elastography of Porcine Vocal Folds." Applied Sciences 9, no. 13 (July 5, 2019): 2729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9132729.
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Vocal folds are an essential part of human voice production. The biomechanical properties are a good indicator for pathological changes. In particular, as an oscillation system, changes in the biomechanical properties have an impact on the vibration behavior. Subsequently, those changes could lead to voice-related disturbances. However, no existing examination combines biomechanical properties and spatial imaging. Therefore, we propose an image registration-based approach, using ultrasound in order to gain this information synchronously. We used a quasi-static load to compress the tissue and measured the displacement by image registration. The strain distribution was directly calculated from the displacement field, whereas the elastic properties were estimated by a finite element model. In order to show the feasibility and reliability of the algorithm, we tested it on gelatin phantoms. Further, by examining ex vivo porcine vocal folds, we were able to show the practicability of the approach. We displayed the strain distribution in the tissue and the elastic properties of the vocal folds. The results were superimposed on the corresponding ultrasound images. The findings are promising and show the feasibility of the suggested approach. Possible applications are in improved diagnosis of voice disorders, by measuring the biomechanical properties of the vocal folds with ultrasound. The transducer will be placed on the vocal folds of the anesthetized patient, and the elastic properties will be measured. Further, the understanding of the vocal folds’ biomechanics and the voice forming process could benefit from it.
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Archer, C., L. Fraser, R. Salib, T. Upile, and N. Patel. "Re: is an occupation with vocal load a risk factor for laryngopharyngeal reflux." Clinical Otolaryngology 39, no. 6 (November 23, 2014): 397–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/coa.12290.
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Morrow, Sharon L., and Nadine P. Connor. "Voice Amplification as a Means of Reducing Vocal Load for Elementary Music Teachers." Journal of Voice 25, no. 4 (July 2011): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2010.04.003.
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Hunter, Eric J., and Ingo R. Titze. "Refinements in modeling the passive properties of laryngeal soft tissue." Journal of Applied Physiology 103, no. 1 (July 2007): 206–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00892.2006.
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The nonlinear viscoelastic passive properties of three canine intrinsic laryngeal muscles, the lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA), the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA), and the interarytenoid (IA), were fit to the parameters of a modified Kelvin model. These properties were compared with those of the thyroarytenoid (TA) and cricothyroid (CT) muscles, as well as previously unpublished viscoelastic characteristics of the human vocal ligament. Passive parameters of the modified Kelvin model were summarized for the vocal ligament, mucosa, and all five laryngeal muscles. Results suggest that the LCA, PCA, and IA muscles are functionally different from the TA and CT muscles in their load-bearing capacity. Furthermore, the LCA, PCA, and IA have a much larger stress-strain hysteresis effect than has been previously reported for the TA and CT or the vocal ligament. The variation in this effect suggests that the connective tissue within the TA and CT muscles is somehow similar to the vocal ligament but different from the LCA, PCA, or IA muscles. Further demonstrating the potential significance of grouping tissues in the laryngeal system by functional groups in the laryngeal system was the unique finding that, over their working elongation range, the LCA and PCA were nearly as exponentially stiff as the vocal ligament. This paper was written in conjunction with an online technical report ( http://www.ncvs.org/ncvs/library/tech ) in which comprehensive muscle data and sensitivity analysis, as well as downloadable data files and computer scripts, are made available.
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Stepanova, Yu E., O. I. Konoplev, T. V. Gotovyakhina, A. A. Korneenkov, and E. E. Koren’. "Chronic hyperplastic laryngitis in voice professionals." Russian Otorhinolaryngology 19, no. 3 (2020): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2020-3-31-36.
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The aim of the study was to improve the efficiency of diagnosis of various forms of chronic hyperplastic laryngitis, which is referred to as precancerous conditions of the larynx, video laryngostroboscopy was performed in 249 patients. All patients have occupational hazards: increased voice load, smoking, working capacity in a hospital state during acute respiratory viral infections, laryngitis, bronchitis. In case of detection of areas of dyskeratosis of mucous membrane of vocal folds (leukoplacia, hyperkeratosis) biopsy followed by histological examination was carried out. The results of a histological study of leukoplakia showed the presence of metaplasia of stratified squamous epithelium in 100% of the examined. Among patients with vocal fold hyperkeratosis, metaplasia of stratified squamous epithelium was detected in 20,8%, grade II and III dysplasia – 15,1% of observations. 64,1% of patients were diagnosed with laryngeal cancer. The video laryngostroboscopic picture of the larynx in various forms of chronic hyperplastic laryngitis was studied. According to the results of the study, pathological changes in the mucosa of the vocal folds with possible malignation include hyperkeratosis. During video laryngostroboscopy, asymmetric, irregular, mucous waves oscillate in the hyperkeratosis area in 60,4% of patients, and in 39,6% of patients the absence of vibrations of the vocal fold in the area of hyperkeratosis is diagnosed.
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Lopez‐Serna, Salome, Catalina Gonzalez‐Quevedo, and Hector Fabio Rivera‐Gutierrez. "Beyond illness: Variation in haemosporidian load explains differences in vocal performance in a songbird." Ecology and Evolution 11, no. 24 (December 2021): 18552–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8455.
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Hanschmann, Holger, Christoph Gaipl, and Roswitha Berger. "Preliminary results of a computer-assisted vocal load test with 10-min test duration." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 268, no. 2 (November 24, 2010): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-010-1428-3.
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Iwarsson, Jenny, David Jackson Morris, and Laura Winther Balling. "Cognitive Load in Voice Therapy Carry-Over Exercises." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_jslhr-s-15-0235.
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Purpose The cognitive load generated by online speech production may vary with the nature of the speech task. This article examines 3 speech tasks used in voice therapy carry-over exercises, in which a patient is required to adopt and automatize new voice behaviors, ultimately in daily spontaneous communication. Method Twelve subjects produced speech in 3 conditions: rote speech (weekdays), sentences in a set form, and semispontaneous speech. Subjects simultaneously performed a secondary visual discrimination task for which response times were measured. On completion of each speech task, subjects rated their experience on a questionnaire. Results Response times from the secondary, visual task were found to be shortest for the rote speech, longer for the semispontaneous speech, and longest for the sentences within the set framework. Principal components derived from the subjective ratings were found to be linked to response times on the secondary visual task. Acoustic measures reflecting fundamental frequency distribution and vocal fold compression varied across the speech tasks. Conclusions The results indicate that consideration should be given to the selection of speech tasks during the process leading to automation of revised speech behavior and that self-reports may be a reliable index of cognitive load.
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Farahani, Mojgan, Vijay Parsa, Björn Herrmann, Mason Kadem, Ingrid Johnsrude, and Philip C. Doyle. "An Auditory-Perceptual and Pupillometric Study of Vocal Strain and Listening Effort in Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 26, 2020): 5907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175907.
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This study evaluated ratings of vocal strain and perceived listening effort by normal hearing participants while listening to speech samples produced by talkers with adductor spasmodic dysphonia (AdSD). In addition, objective listening effort was measured through concurrent pupillometry to determine whether listening to disordered voices changed arousal as a result of emotional state or cognitive load. Recordings of the second sentence of the “Rainbow Passage” produced by talkers with varying degrees of AdSD served as speech stimuli. Twenty naïve young adult listeners perceptually evaluated these stimuli on the dimensions of vocal strain and listening effort using two separate visual analogue scales. While making the auditory-perceptual judgments, listeners’ pupil characteristics were objectively measured in synchrony with the presentation of each voice stimulus. Data analyses revealed moderate-to-high inter- and intra-rater reliability. A significant positive correlation was found between the ratings of vocal strain and listening effort. In addition, listeners displayed greater peak pupil dilation (PPD) when listening to more strained and effortful voice samples. Findings from this study suggest that when combined with an auditory-perceptual task, non-volitional physiologic changes in pupil response may serve as an indicator of listening and cognitive effort or arousal.
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Young, Richard. "Self-Regulation Minimizes Crash Risk from Attentional Effects of Cognitive Load during Auditory-Vocal Tasks." SAE International Journal of Transportation Safety 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-0448.
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Xu, Ning. "Digital Construction of Vocal Music Teaching Resource Base Using Data Mining Technology." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (July 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8351868.
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Vocal music teaching resource databases can support teachers’ instruction and students’ learning while also enhancing the school’s ability to run a school because they are the main components of digital construction for vocal music teaching. Currently, system application is the main area of research for DM (data mining), which was previously focused on method discovery. A vocal music teaching resource base based on DM technology is created by using the theme as the central organising principle, processing, and organising the resources. Incorporate lesson planning, teaching, self-study, and output resource construction into a digital network resource application environment by using thematic resource development. Students’ achievement data, personal basic information, and evaluation data are used for DM based on the enhanced Apriori algorithm in order to uncover hidden rules and find correlations between various factors. This information is then used to support decision-making. When the system load is 1, the results demonstrate that the Apriori algorithm’s CPU waste rate and task success rate is 0.144 and 0.896, respectively. The study’s conclusion demonstrates that integrating DM technology into the field of education is theoretically and practically possible and that there is significant room for future study and application in this area.
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Gigolayeva-Yurchenko, V. "The role and specificity of vocal-performing universalism (on the example of the activity at MC “The Kharkiv Regional Philharmonic Society”)." Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 52, no. 52 (October 3, 2019): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-52.13.
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The relevance of the topic. The dynamics of cultural development in the 21st century sets for the interpreter-vocalist tasks that require a quick and high-quality response to public inquiries (challenges of the time), on which the performing demand at a particular institution directly depends. MC “The Kharkiv Regional Philharmonic Society” is a concert organization, where, unlike the opera theatre, there are not clearly regulated genre priorities. Therefore, opera, jazz and even pop music organically coexist on the same stage. This genre and style diversity entails the need for the soloist to comply with the performing complex, which includes a number of requirements: the vocal-technical and stage freedom, the mastery of the art of improvisation (working with the audience), the vocal endurance, taking into account the repertory load (during one hour and a half). Last but not least, there are such criteria as the vocal-performing aesthetics, the ability for gender-performing transformation and the vocal-figurative reincarnation in one concert, etc. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the role of the phonopedic method for the development of a singing voice for developing the vocal-performing universalism in the conditions of the competition between genre-performing styles and the trends of the modern vocal culture. Analysis of recent research and publications. A great deal of interesting research and biographical works (I. Arkhipova, P. Domingo, S. Lemeshev, E. Nesterenko, B. Hmyrya, T. Madysheva,) is devoted to studying the specifics of the vocal-performing interpretation. The practicing teachers and scientists (L. Dmitriev, J. Lauri-Volpi, I. Nazarenko, V. Yushmanov) reveal the performing secrets, share their stage experience, meticulously identifying the nature and the possibilities of the voice apparatus, make historical excursions and acquaint with the vocal traditions of the past. However, none of the above scientific sources presents a systematic picture reflecting the vocal-performing process as a complex phenomenon. The author sees the indicated problem as relevant and requiring a multilateral discussion of specialists. The presentation of the main material. As of today, the professional activity of a vocal artist, regardless of the genre direction, faces very high requirements, the most important of which is the interpretative universalism. Its fundamental element is the vocal technique, the possession of which is the basic condition that ensures the singer a long and healthy professional life. However, up to the present, it is the vocal technique that continues to be an area of the open problem of the singing instrument, as a sound-forming object used by vocal performers to realize their artistic intentions and tasks. The key issue of the vocal method and one of the fundamental questions of the theory of the singing art, the psychophysics that controls the phonation process remains its unexplored area. According to V.I. Yushmanov, the technically perfect singing (or the vocal school) is a factor by which, first of all, the vocal mastery is evaluated, and the ability to sing, maintaining the phonetic clarity of vocal speech in combination with timbre rich, and at the same time bright, flying sound of the voice, steady dynamically and in the pitch on a range of at least two octaves – is one of the main requirements of the singing profession, the very necessary condition that provides the singer with the opportunity to realize their artistic intentions. But at the same time, the impossibility of separating the singing instrument from the singer himself/herself and the secrecy of the work of the control system of the singing process initially caused the emergence of the persistent illusion that, unlike instrumentalists, singers deal with the voice – perceived only acoustically (by the hearing). In this regard, the development of the vocal technique, called the “singing voice setting” must include a detailed study of the functional structure of the vocal apparatus, as a musical instrument, together with the psychophysical peculiarities. It should be noted that in the gender (male and female) and age (children, adolescents, adults) senses, the psychophysical peculiarities of the management of the vocal phonation process are diametrically opposed and require an individual approach in the vocal pedagogy. The methods of influence on psychophysics, which are responsible for managing the vocal phonation process, the principles of its flexible correction are presented in detail in the field of phonopedia and are successfully applied by vocal phonopedists. Unfortunately, the majority of the vocal-performing and phonopedic practices coexist in parallel and intersect only in critical cases (in case of functional disorders of the vocal apparatus). For ten years of my performing on the stage of the concert organization MC “The Kharkiv Regional Philharmonic Society” I have had a unique opportunity to try myself in different vocal genres and vocally reincarnate within the fames of even one concert. Such working conditions discipline, force to develop, and provide the opportunity to experiment and learn the professional foundations of singing with an even new power. And, of course, it would be impossible without the proper vocal and technical foundations, which should be constantly replenished and improved thanks to the knowledge of the phonopedic method of the voice development. The conclusion. On the example of the personal experience in chamber and concert performances it has been shown that the presented issues are relevant and deserve attention. The “tandem” of phonopedia and vocal theory not only opens new horizons for singers in their vocal-performing practice, but also shows the shortest way to mastering the singing and interpretive universalism.
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Mortola, Jacopo P., Anne Marie Lauzon, and Brian Mott. "Expiratory flow pattern and respiratory mechanics." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 65, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 1142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y87-180.
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During resting breathing, expiration is characterized by the narrowing of the vocal folds which, by increasing the expiratory resistance, raises mean lung volume and airway pressure. This is even more pronounced in the neonatal period, during which expirations with short complete airway closure are commonly occurring. We asked to which extent differences in expiratory flow pattern may modify the inspiratory impedance of the respiratory system. To this aim, newborn puppies, piglets, and adult rats were anesthetized, paralyzed, and ventilated with different expiratory patterns, (a) no expiratory load, (b) expiratory resistive load, and (c) end-inspiratory pause. The stroke volume of the ventilator and inspiratory and expiratory times were maintained constant, and the loads were adjusted in such a way that inflation always started from the resting volume of the respiratory system. After 1 min of each ventilatory pattern, mean inspiratory impedance and compliance of lung and respiratory system were measured. The values were unchanged or minimally altered by changing the type of ventilation. We conclude that the expiratory laryngeal loading is not primarily aimed to decrease the work of breathing. It is conceivable that the expiratory pattern is oriented to increase and control mean airway pressure in the regulation of pulmonary fluid reabsorption, distribution of ventilation, and diffusion of gases.
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Gekhaev, A. U., F. S. Isakova, and E. T. Gappoeva. "Сlinical characteristics of precanceral lesions of larynx." Russian Otorhinolaryngology 20, no. 6 (2021): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2021-6-35-40.
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Currently, the issues of differential diagnosis of precancerous lesions of the larynx and their prognosis remain unresolved. The study of the characteristic clinical signs of precancerous lesions of the larynx remains an urgent problem. The article presents the clinical characteristics of precancerous lesions of the larynx based on the results of video laryngoscopy, morphological analysis of the tumor, data of an objective examination, and complaints. The main symptoms were cough (80.56%), as well as voice deterioration after voice load (75.0%), and persistent voice changes in the form of husky or hoarse voice 72.22% and 58.33%, respectively. A significant prevalence of the frequency of sensation of a foreign body, difficulty in breathing, and choking when eating was established in the papillomatosis group in comparison with patients with chronic hyperplastic laryngitis. In chronic hyperplastic laryngitis, on the other hand, the number of complaints of voice changes increased: voice deterioration after voice load was noted, hoarseness, and aphonia. According to video laryngoscopy, among patients with hyperplastic laryngitis, the majority (84.6%) had a thickening and/or uneven relief of the mucous membrane of the vocal folds, and in patients with papillomatous changes in the larynx, single neoplasms prevailed (72.7%) on one of the vocal folds. It is worth noting that during the morphological examination the clinical and endoscopic diagnosis was confirmed in all patients. The results obtained confirm the feasibility and necessity of examining the upper respiratory tract using modern, high-tech endoscopic techniques and taking biopsy material in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the larynx.
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Getty, Douglas, Francesco Biondi, Shae D. Morgan, Joel M. Cooper, and David L. Strayer. "The Effects of Voice System Design Components on Driver Workload." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 37 (June 8, 2018): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118777382.
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In-vehicle voice control systems are standard in most new vehicles. However, despite auditory-vocal interaction allowing drivers to keep their hands on the steering wheel and eyes on the forward roadway, recent findings indicate the potential for these systems to increase levels of workload and lead to lengthy interaction times. Although many studies have examined the distraction potential of interacting with in-vehicle voice control systems, more research is needed to understand the relationship between different system design components and workload. In this study, we investigate the role of system delay, system accuracy, and menu depth in determining the overall level of demand and interaction times on eight different 2017 model-year vehicles. Voice system accuracy was measured via playback of a pre-recorded sample of voice commands through a studio monitor mounted near the headrest. Menu depth and system delay were calculated by measuring, respectively, the number of interaction steps and total system processing time required to access common infotainment functions. These measures were validated through linear and multiple regression analyses with workload and task time collected in an on-road study. We found system delay and system accuracy to be significant predictors of task time and subjective measures of workload from the NASA Task Load Index and the Driving Activity Load Index. A In addition to providing valuable information on the role of separate voice control system design components on resulting levels of workload, these results extend past research by generalizing findings to multiple current auditory-vocal systems.
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Grinko, O. G. "TIME CHALLENGE: COMPUTER AND INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES IN VOCAL ENSEMBLE TRAINING." Arts education and science 1, no. 3 (2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/hon.202003002.
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The relevance of the article lies in the urgent need to introduce modern computer and Internet technologies in the creative educational process. The considered methods and approaches in vocal ensemble training with use of such technologies are designed primarily for the initial stage of work on music. The use of innovative teaching tools indicated in the study allows to make a variety of classes, to conduct them remotely, as well as to optimize the time spent on the classroom load, the share of which is concentrated on artistic work with this approach. Introduction of MOODLE distance learning platform and IGTV Instagram technologies into creative educational process allows to record offline classes of long duration. Yandex, Mail, and Google cloud services provide disk space for saving tasks and visual materials that can be used by an unlimited number of students at the same time. Dorico or Sibelius music editors help to eliminate rhythmic problems while working on a piece of music, which can correctly sound the musical text, Cubase and Reaper programs indicate inaccuracies of intonation in voice recording. Video conferences in social networks Vkontakte, Facebook, WhatsApp, Android, IOs, Scype, Zoom, etc. are also useful, thanks to which it is possible to conduct some types of online classes with the participation of a teacher, concertmaster and students. It is important that these technologies are available to healthy students as well as students with disabilities.
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Grant, Terri. "Distributing the Modal Load: the Oral Presentation Ensemble and Professional Identity Formation." Communication, Society and Media 3, no. 4 (September 30, 2020): p26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/csm.v3n4p26.
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Scenario Learning and Pedagogy (SLP) involves immersing an entire university professional communication course within a selected sustainable business practice scenario. This article focuses on the draft and final oral presentations of two teams who chose recycling and sustainable building practices as their institutional “workplace” scenarios respectively. A semiotic and metafunctional approach combined with authorial identity markers produced a sound theoretical frame and methodology against which a multi-layered analysis and comparison of their presentations could be instantiated. Video recordings of both their rehearsal and final presentations allowed for fine-grained scrutiny of selected video clips to focus a lens on various verbal and non-verbal elements of communication such as speech, vocal intonation and projection, dress (appearance), posture, gesture and movement, eye contact and gaze behaviour, and facial expression. The emergence of confidence as a proxy of growing professional identity to a greater or lesser extent could be determined within each team. How each team member leveraged their linguistic and cultural backgrounds, age, gender and scenario knowledge provided individual as well as collective insights into the team dynamic. Although some team members fared better than others, their collective support worked to suppress weaknesses and disjunctures to the benefit of the team effort.
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Fajrin, Jauhar. "ALTERNATIVE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS FOR HYBRID SANDWICH PANEL WITH INTERMEDIATE LAYER." Jurnal Rekayasa Sipil (JRS-Unand) 11, no. 2 (November 5, 2015): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jrs.11.2.59-70.2015.
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A concept of hybrid sandwich panel with intermediate layer has been introduced previously that capable of improving load carrying capacity of composite sandwich panel. While the previous work employed numerical and experimental investigation, the current paper more focuses on developing the theoretical frameworks of the hybrid sandwich panel by using analytical model. The vocal point of the concept is introducing a new layer in between the skin and the core of a standard sandwich panel structure to form a hybrid structure. The paper begins with elaborating the basic concept of sandwich panel which includes the elastic and shear stresses in sandwich panel and followed by the deflection of sandwich panel. The next stage comprehensively highlights the theoretical concept of the hybrid sandwich panel. It was clearly shown through the developed theoretical frameworks that the incorporation of intermediate layer can substantially increase the flexural rigidity and stiffnesses which finally enhances the load carrying capacity of the new developed sandwich panel.Keywords : sandwich panel, hybrid concept, intermediate layer, analytical model.
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Hočevar-Boltežar, I., M. Šereg-Bahar, A. Kravos, G. Mumović, and S. Mitrović. "Is an occupation with vocal load a risk factor for laryngopharyngeal reflux: a prospective, multicentre, multivariate comparative study." Clinical Otolaryngology 37, no. 5 (October 2012): 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/coa.12006.
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Insalaco, G., S. T. Kuna, B. M. Costanza, G. Catania, F. Cibella, and V. Bellia. "Thyroarytenoid muscle activity during loaded and nonloaded breathing in adult humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 70, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): 2410–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.6.2410.
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Previous fiber-optic studies in humans have demonstrated narrowing of the glottic aperture in expiration during application of expiratory resistive loads. Nine healthy subjects were studied to determine the effect of expiratory resistive loads on the electromyographic activity of the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle, a vocal cord adductor. Four of the nine subjects also underwent the application of inspiratory resistive loads and voluntary prolongation of either inspiratory (TI) or expiratory (TE) time. TA activity was recorded by intramuscular hooked-wire electrodes. During quiet breathing in all subjects, the TA was phasically active on expiration and often tonically active throughout the respiratory cycle. TA expiratory activity progressively increased with increasing levels of expiratory load. Inspiratory loads resulted in increased TA "inspiratory" activity. Voluntary prolongation of TE to times similar to those reached during loaded breathing induced increases in TA expiratory activity similar to those reached during the loaded state. Voluntary prolongation of TI was associated with an increase in TA inspiratory activity. Similar increases in TI during inspiratory loading or voluntary conditions were associated with comparable increases in TA inspiratory activity in three of the four subjects. In conclusion, increased activation of TA during the application of expiratory resistive loads implies that the reported narrowing of glottic aperture during expiratory loading is an active phenomenon. Changes in activation of the TA with resistive loads appear to be related to changes in respiratory pattern.
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Ollivier, Rosalie, Louise Goupil, Marco Liuni, and Jean-Julien Aucouturier. "Enjoy The Violence." Music Perception 37, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2019.37.2.95.
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Traditional neurobiological theories of musical emotions explain well why extreme music such as punk, hardcore, or metal—whose vocal and instrumental characteristics share much similarity with acoustic threat signals—should evoke unpleasant feelings for a large proportion of listeners. Why it doesn't for metal music fans, however, is controversial: metal fans may differ from non-fans in how they process threat signals at the sub-cortical level, showing deactivated responses that differ from controls. Alternatively, appreciation for metal may depend on the inhibition by cortical circuits of a normal low-order response to auditory threat. In a series of three experiments, we show here that, at a sensory level, metal fans actually react equally negatively, equally fast, and even more accurately to cues of auditory threat in vocal and instrumental contexts than non-fans; conversely, we tested the hypothesis that cognitive load reduced fans' appreciation of metal to the level experienced by non-fans, but found only limited support that it was the case. Nevertheless, taken together, these results are not compatible with the idea that extreme music lovers do so because of a different sensory response to threat, and highlight a potential contribution of controlled cognitive processes in their aesthetic experience.
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Camaioni, Milena, Serena Scarpelli, Valentina Alfonsi, Maurizio Gorgoni, Mina De Bartolo, Rossana Calzolari, and Luigi De Gennaro. "The Influence of Sleep Talking on Nocturnal Sleep and Sleep-Dependent Cognitive Processes." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 21 (November 1, 2022): 6489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216489.
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Background: Sleep talking (ST) is characterized by the production of unaware verbal vocal activations (VBs) during sleep. ST seems potentially linked to linguistic and memory consolidation processes. However, sleep and dream characteristics and the relationship between verbal vocalizations (VBs) and cognitive functions are still unknown. Our study aimed to investigate qualitative sleep and dream features in sleep talkers (STs) compared to healthy subjects (CNTs) through retrospective and longitudinal measures and explore the relationship between ST and memory consolidation. Methods: We recruited N = 29 STs and N = 30 CNTs (age range of 18–35). Participants recorded their dreams and filled out sleep logs for seven consecutive days. Vocal activations of STs were audio-recorded. On the eighth day, we administered a word-pair task. Results: We showed that STs had significantly worse self-reported sleep quality. VBs were positively correlated with sleep fragmentation and negatively associated with the oneiric emotional load. No difference between groups was found in the memory consolidation rate. Conclusions: Although ST is a benign phenomenon, we revealed that ST is associated with more sleep alterations and lower emotional intensity of dreams. In this vein, we support that ST depends on sleep fragmentation and could represent a potential window into sleep-dependent cognitive processes.
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Mykhailets, V. V. "Directions of independent work in vocal education." Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 53, no. 53 (November 20, 2019): 56–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-53.04.
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Background. The modern practice of teaching and training the specialists of higher education, in particular, choral performance specialists, introduces new requirements to the content of education and organization of the educational process, emphasizing the importance and necessity of using the independent work of students in nowadays conditions. In this connection, there is a need to determine the directions of the independent work of students and to systematize this type of work in the educational process. Objectives. The purpose of the article is to define and theoretically substantiate all aspects of the independent work of students in the process of the vocal education for the further formation of their professional skills. Methods. To solve this task, the following methods were used: studying the state of the problem in the practice of the present (analysis of curricula content and educational and methodical literature); the analysis of academic progress and performing activity of the vocal students; the research and generalization of pedagogical experience. Results. In the vocal training, the independent work of students involves organizing their educational activities both during practice in the classroom and in the process of working outside the classroom in such a way as to get the intended result. Planning the independent work on solo singing allows finding the concrete ways of the development of vocal skills and criteria for evaluation in the professional training of a specialist. The essence of organization of the independent work of students in the process of learning singing is concluded in the creation and implementation of a specific system of tasks, which takes in account general didactic principles and the interdisciplinary interactions arising in the educational process in the formation of vocal abilities and skills. The planning of this work is carried out on the basis of both the focused activity of the teacher, who poses the necessary tasks and controls the results of their implementation, as well as the organization of the student’s own extra-curricular work, containing moments of introspection and self-assessment of the achieved results. So, the organization of the independent work of students in the process of singing education should be carried out necessarily taking into account the person-oriented approach. The independent work on solo singing is considered as a specific form of the educational activity of the student and is characterized by a number of the following psychological and pedagogical peculiarities. First, it is a continuation and extension of the vocal-performing activity in classroom organized expediently by the teacher, which stimulates students to the further professional work in the lessons-free time. In this case, the educational and cognitive activity of the student during his/her individual classes is called to act as a kind of the algorithm for the independent work on the preparation of the vocal concert program. Secondly, the student’s independent work on solo singing should be understood by him/her as a chosen and internally motivated activity, which includes: a) the awareness of the goals of his/her activities; b) the adoption or setting of a vocal-performing or vocal-methodical task; c) the self-organization in the distribution of the educational load in time; d) the adjustment of own work on the basis of self-control and self-esteem. Thirdly, the students’ independent work on solo singing should be a highly organized form of the educational activity, and the methods of its execution should be conditioned by the level of development a number of student’s personal qualities. These include: self-regulation, which involves a certain level of the self-awareness; an adequate self-esteem; active thinking; independence; time management skills; purposefulness; the complex of will qualities, as well as the so-called substantive self-regulation. An important indicator of the formation of the student’s substantive self-regulation is the availability of skills related to the definition of the goal and the final results of the proposed tasks. In determining the tasks for the independent work of students, it is necessary to cover several aspects: the complexity on theoretical and practical levels; the necessity to include tasks with increasing complexity, as well as use of interdisciplinary connections. The tasks for self-mastering of material should adhere to the following principles: 1) the principle of minimizing the level of the complexity and amount of scientific information, vocal exercises and compositions; 2) the principle of coherence of the content of the educational material for the independent work with the previously presented scientific information, studied vocal material during individual classes; the reflection in the content of essential information on the topic being studied, interdisciplinary connections, stylistic diversity of the vocal music; 3) the principle of the correspondence of the volume and the complexity of the selected vocal material to the real possibilities and individual characteristics of the students and to the time interval allocated in accordance with the curriculum; 4) the principle of the content-technological continuity between the forms and methods of independent study of the material by the students, the self-examination of vocal knowledge, skills and abilities. Also, the article deals with: a) the ways of organizing the independent work of students on solo singing; b) the plan of the independent work on a vocal composition; and c) the conditions for the effectiveness of the students’ independent work. Conclusion. So, the independent work on solo singing is considered as a specific form of the educational work of the student and is characterized as an activity that is purposeful, internally motivated, structured and adjusted by the student himself/herself. Its implementation involves a sufficient level of self-awareness, self-discipline, personal responsibility, and creativity of the learner, which allows one to consider the independent activities of students as a process of self-improvement and self-knowledge. Independent work is a necessary component of the vocational training of the singer and a specific form of his educational activity, which is characterized by certain psychological and pedagogical features, namely: - it organically complements and continues the vocal and performing activity during the individual lessons in the classroom, contributing to the unveiling of the student’s creative potential and its formation as a thinking artistic personality; - independent work should be perceived by a student as a chosen and internally motivated activity, since the development of the motivational sphere stimulates the growth of his professional interest in vocal performance and nurtures his/her ability to develop strategies for forming a system of vocal skills, hence, the strategies of success.
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Et. al., B. Durai Babu,. "A NEW-FANGLED CONTROLLING STRUCTURE FOR MITIGATING VOLTAGE SAG USING THE DVR." INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY 9, no. 2 (March 24, 2021): 258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/itii.v9i2.342.
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Voltage mitigation in electrical power circulation systems is unique of the crucial errands in recent days, which affects the overall presentation of the distribution system. The voltage sag must be detected and mitigated by implementing a Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR). The current works aimed to develop some controlling structures for reducing the voltage sag in the power system. Still, it remains with increased transients, incapability to compensate the mark voltage, and increased voltage limits. Thus, this paper intends to develop a new controlling algorithm, namely, Synchronous Reference Theory (SRF), for voltage sag mitigation. This Controller's primary considerations are to moderate the voltage sag, analyze the imbalance cutting-edge source voltage, and reduce the harmonic content. Here, the 3-phase load current obtained from the non-mark ar load is given as the input, which is transformed into dq0 reference. The DC quantities are extracted and presented as the input for the extraordinary pass purifyingmethod, eliminating the vocal contents. Then, the SRF controller produces the switching pulses for the Z-source inverter, which reduces the voltage sag. Finally, the presentation of the Controller is evaluated by analyzing the power ingesting and effectiveness.
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Savushina, I. V. "SANITARY-HYGIENIC CHARACTERISTIC OF WORKING CONDITIONS AND STATE OF HEALTH OF TEACHERS." Journal "Medical Science of Ukraine" (NMU) 14, no. 1-2 (June 21, 2018): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/1998-3719.1-2.2018.12.
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Relevance. The main causes, which cause voice disruption in teachers can be divided into biological, professional, everyday, psychological. Combinations of two or more factors are possible. Objective. To carry out an analysis of working conditions and the state of health of teachers of general educational institutions in the city of Krivoy Rog.Materials and methods. The analysis of working conditions is carried out sanitary-hygienic method. The state of health of teachers is investigated by a clinical method. Results. The working conditions of teachers are characterized as tense and heavy, and in terms of labor intensity indicators belong to class 3.3, microclimate and equivalent noise level to class 3.1. Chronic catarrhal laryngitis is 131,00±15,07 cases, hypertrophic laryngitis – 190,20±22,61 cases. The critical work experience under the conditions of the impact of the voice load is 10-19 years, accounting for 60 % of cases of professional laryngitis. Conclusions. Analysis of working conditions, the duration of the voice load and the levels of the pathology of the vocal apparatus open up prospects for determining the risk of developing professional laryngitis in teachers and developing modern methods of treatment and prevention.
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Savushina, I. V. "SANITARY-HYGIENIC CHARACTERISTIC OF WORKING CONDITIONS AND STATE OF HEALTH OF TEACHERS." Medical Science of Ukraine (MSU) 14, no. 1-2 (June 21, 2018): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/2664-4738.1-2.2018.12.
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Relevance. The main causes, which cause voice disruption in teachers can be divided into biological, professional, everyday, psychological. Combinations of two or more factors are possible. Objective. To carry out an analysis of working conditions and the state of health of teachers of general educational institutions in the city of Krivoy Rog.Materials and methods. The analysis of working conditions is carried out sanitary-hygienic method. The state of health of teachers is investigated by a clinical method.
Results. The working conditions of teachers are characterized as tense and heavy, and in terms of labor intensity indicators belong to class 3.3, microclimate and equivalent noise level to class 3.1. Chronic catarrhal laryngitis is 131,00±15,07 cases, hypertrophic laryngitis – 190,20±22,61 cases. The critical work experience under the conditions of the impact of the voice load is 10-19 years, accounting for 60 % of cases of professional laryngitis.
Conclusions. Analysis of working conditions, the duration of the voice load and the levels of the pathology of the vocal apparatus open up prospects for determining the risk of developing professional laryngitis in teachers and developing modern methods of treatment and prevention.
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McMurtry, Shea, and Goeran Fiedler. "Comparison of lower limb segment forces during running on artificial turf and natural grass." Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering 6 (January 2019): 205566831983570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055668319835701.
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Introduction: Artificial turf, soon after being introduced in the 1980s, became associated with an increased injury incidence in football players. While more recent generations of artificial turf have mitigated the problem, perception of the material is still widely negative. So, the decision to play the 2015 Fe'de'ration Internationale de Football Association Women s World Cup in Canada on artificial turf was met with vocal criticism by many players. One common approach is to assess injury incidence to quantify risk differences in playing surfaces. This, however, does not account for possible confounding variables or chronic injuries. Direct measurement of ground reaction forces is difficult because conventional multicamera-based motion capture and force plate equipment are limited in its use outside of dedicated laboratories. Methods: We describe a method of generating realistic force data by using miniature load cells that are installed directly into the weight-bearing structure of the body. Results: Pilot data show a significant (p<0.01) difference in peak forces on artificial turf (272% of body weight) and natural grass (229% of body weight). Discussion: Invasive surgical procedures were avoided by installing the load cell into the prosthesis of an athlete with lower limb loss. As modern prosthetic devices allow a close approximation of able-bodied kinematics and kinetics, such prosthesis-based data are transferable to a general population.
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Zan, Tao, and Zhenjiang Hu. "VoiceJava: A Syntax-Directed Voice Programming Language for Java." Electronics 12, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010250.
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About 5–10% of software engineers suffer from repetitive strain injury, and it would be better to provide an alternative way to write code instead of using a mouse and keyboard and sitting on a chair the whole day. Coding by voice is an attractive approach, and quite a bit of work has been done in that direction. At the same time, dictating plain Java text with low accuracy through the existing voice recognition engines or providing complex panels controlled by the voice makes the coding process even more complex. We argue that current programming languages are suitable for programming by hand, not by mouth. We try to solve this problem by designing a new programming language, VoiceJava, suitable for dictating. A Java program is constructed in a syntax-directed way through a sequence of VoiceJava commands. As a result, users do not need to dictate spaces, parentheses, and commas, reducing the vocal load.
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Sukaj, Silvana, Amelia Trematerra, Giuseppe Ciaburro, and Gino Iannace. "Use of masks inside the classrooms." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 4020–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2577.
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To counter the transmission of Covid -19 it is mandatory to wear face masks. Medical face masks (surgical or other medical devices) are used to control the spread of infection by reducing the airborne dispersion of the viral load-carrying saliva droplets emitted from the mouth when talking, sneezing or coughing. The use of the mask can cause fatigue, difficulty in breathing and reduced speech understanding. In school classrooms, the use of masks makes verbal communication very difficult by reducing speech understanding and this can affect both the learning level of pupils and cause vocal dysfunctions in teachers who incur an overload of the speech apparatus. To investigate the effects of using the mask in learning environments, tests were carried out with pupils of a primary school. The students were given dictations by a teacher according to two configurations: with and without a mask. Subsequently, the texts written by the children were analyzed to assess the presence of possible errors in the understanding of the dictation administered with and without a mask.
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Tao, Yaping, Charles Tzu-Chi Lee, Yih-Jin Hu, and Qiang Liu. "Relevant Work Factors Associated with Voice Disorders in Early Childhood Teachers: A Comparison between Kindergarten and Elementary School Teachers in Yancheng, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (April 28, 2020): 3081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093081.
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Background: Early childhood teachers consist of kindergarten and elementary school teachers in the lower grades. Young children at school may increase the vocal load of these teachers. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of voice disorders and the associated factors in early childhood teachers, and to determine if differences exist between kindergarten and elementary school teachers. Method: A cross-sectional survey was performed in July 2019 as a network questionnaire. Through cluster sampling, teachers (n = 414) from all five public kindergartens (n = 211) in the urban area of Yancheng, China, and four public elementary schools (n = 203) in the same school district participated in this study. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations among the prevalence of voice disorders in the teachers, school type, and relevant factors. Results: Our results indicated, based on the Voice Handicap Index scale (VHI-10, China), that the prevalence of voice disorders in early childhood teachers was 59.7%, while that in elementary school teachers (65.5%) was significantly higher than that in kindergarten teachers (54.0%) during the previous semester. Contributing factors included daily class hours, classroom air humidity, and speaking loudly during teaching. Additionally, certain types of voice usage in teaching such as falsetto speak, speaking more than other teachers, not using vocal techniques, and habitual voice clearing, were significantly associated with voice disorders. Conclusion: Most early childhood teachers have voice disorders. Compared with the kindergarten teachers, the elementary school teachers experienced a significantly higher prevalence of voice disorders. Several factors among work organization, work environment, and types of voice usage in teaching were associated with the voice disorders in early childhood teachers. The finding suggests that voice training should be provided for early childhood teachers, classroom teaching time should be decreased, and the number of teachers in basic subjects should be increased in the lower grades of elementary schools.
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Faragó, T., N. Takács, Á. Miklósi, and P. Pongrácz. "Dog growls express various contextual and affective content for human listeners." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 5 (May 2017): 170134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170134.
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Vocal expressions of emotions follow simple rules to encode the inner state of the caller into acoustic parameters, not just within species, but also in cross-species communication. Humans use these structural rules to attribute emotions to dog vocalizations, especially to barks, which match with their contexts. In contrast, humans were found to be unable to differentiate between playful and threatening growls, probably because single growls' aggression level was assessed based on acoustic size cues. To resolve this contradiction, we played back natural growl bouts from three social contexts (food guarding, threatening and playing) to humans, who had to rate the emotional load and guess the context of the playbacks. Listeners attributed emotions to growls according to their social contexts. Within threatening and playful contexts, bouts with shorter, slower pulsing growls and showing smaller apparent body size were rated to be less aggressive and fearful, but more playful and happy. Participants associated the correct contexts with the growls above chance. Moreover, women and participants experienced with dogs scored higher in this task. Our results indicate that dogs may communicate honestly their size and inner state in a serious contest situation, while manipulatively in more uncertain defensive and playful contexts.
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Kristiansen, Jesper, Søren Peter Lund, Roger Persson, Hitomi Shibuya, Per Møberg Nielsen, and Matthias Scholz. "A study of classroom acoustics and school teachers’ noise exposure, voice load and speaking time during teaching, and the effects on vocal and mental fatigue development." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 87, no. 8 (January 25, 2014): 851–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-014-0927-8.
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Wang, Wei, Ning Xu, Sina Dang, Xuefeng Hong, and Jue Qu. "Induction Mechanism of Auditory-Assisted Vision for Target Search Localization in Mixed Reality (MR) Environments." Aerospace 9, no. 7 (June 25, 2022): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9070340.
Full textAbstract:
In MR (mixed reality) environments, visual searches are often used for search and localization missions. There are some problems with search and localization technologies, such as a limited field of view and information overload. They are unable to satisfy the need for the rapid and precise location of specific flying objects in a group of air and space targets under modern air and space situational requirements. They lead to inefficient interactions throughout the mission process. A human being’s decision and judgment will be affected by inefficient interactions. Based on this problem, we carried out a multimodal optimization study on the use of an auditory-assisted visual search for localization in an MR environment. In the spatial–spherical coordinate system, the target flight object position is uniquely determined by the height h, distance r, and azimuth θ. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study the cross-modal connections between the auditory elements and these three coordinates based on a visual search. In this paper, an experiment was designed to study the correlation between auditory intuitive perception and vision and the cognitive induction mechanism. The experiment included the three cross-modal mappings of pitch–height, volume–distance, and vocal tract alternation–spatial direction. The research conclusions are as follows: (1) Visual cognition is induced by high, medium, and low pitches to be biased towards the high, medium, and low spatial regions of the visual space. (2) Visual cognition is induced by loud, medium, and low volumes to be biased towards the near, middle, and far spatial regions of the visual space. (3) Based on the HRTF application, the vocal track alternation scheme is expected to significantly improve the efficiency of visual interactions. Visual cognition is induced by left short sounds, right short sounds, left short and long sounds, and right short and long sounds to be biased towards the left, right, left-rear, and right-rear directions of visual space. (4) The cognitive load of search and localization technologies is significantly reduced by incorporating auditory factors. In addition, the efficiency and effect of the accurate search and positioning of space-flying objects have been greatly improved. The above findings can be applied to the research on various types of target search and localization technologies in an MR environment and can provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent study of spatial information perception and cognitive induction mechanisms in an MR environment with visual–auditory coupling.
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Kaļužnaja, Darja, and Svetlana Lakiša. "Preschool Personnel Exposure to Occupational Noise." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 70, no. 5 (October 1, 2016): 300–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/prolas-2016-0046.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Increased noise, which is also below the occupational exposure values and is “hearing safe” noise, affects the exposed person’s health as a non-specific stressor. Increased noise level also creates an environment for additional vocal apparatus load. The objective of this study was to determine preschool personnel occupational noise and its relationship with subjective health complaints. Data were obtained with survey assistance through subjective answers of respondents about health complaints and noise exposure among Rīga preschool personnel. Objective noise measurements were made to assess real noise levels in the preschool environment. Data from 155 respondents and objective measurements of 37 preschool classrooms were obtained. The results showed that the average 8-h noise exposure among Rīga preschool educational institutions was 70 dB(A), which did not exceed the Latvian work environment noise limits, but exceeded the 35–40 dB(A) noise limit in the educational environment guidelines recommended by the WHO. The survey results showed that loud noise is one of the most important workplace environmental factors (~70% of respondents feel a necessity to increase voice because of noise). A constant feeling of fatigue, headache, irritable feeling, and a desire to isolate oneself from others more often occurred in respondents exposed to increased noise, compared with those who noted that they were not exposed to increased noise. In general, loud noise was associated with increased subjective health complaints in preschool education institution personnel.
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Astashina, N. B., A. A. Baydarov, S. D. Arutyunov, A. A. Yuzhakov, A. N. Kokoulin, K. R. Valikhmetova, P. V. Mayorov, et al. "Development of “artificial intellect based dental android system” for simulation of medical manipulations and doctor – patient communication." Perm Medical Journal 39, no. 6 (January 6, 2023): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pmj39662-70.
Full textAbstract:
Objective. The study is aimed at designing an inventive, multifunctional artificial intellect based anthropomorphic service robot, which could be integrated into an online learning system. An interdisciplinary research group in the framework of a newly formed university consortium is implementing a project in order to develop an artificial intellect based robotized Dental Android System able to simulate an actual clinical dental appointment.
Materials and methods. The system is based on an android (humanoid) robot comprising a multifunctional artificial intellect system. The factors, expanding the applicability range of the system and elevating its realistic basis in the course of learning are the use of a high-similarity construction, and introduction of a well-developed sensorics in the model teeth and jaw, in particular: the teeth have the form of heterogeneous objects made of polymer materials with different stress-related characteristics typical for a natural tooth (enamel and dentin) with embedded contact sensors, a thermal sensor to read tooth heating parameters in the course of preparation for the purpose of training pulp burn prevention skills; the smart jaw comprises several independent sectors and load cells allowing to determine the force applied to any part of the jaw.
Results. Possibility of audiovisual communication with the robot allows to implement a scenario approach to learning in the course of vocal communication.
Conclusions. The system being developed is an innovative solution of current goals of medical staff training in the rapidly emerging digital educational medium throughout the entire medical education process.