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Journal articles on the topic 'Vocal fold healing'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Branski, Ryan C. "Perioperative Voice Recovery: A Wound-Healing Perspective." Perspectives on Voice and Voice Disorders 23, no. 2 (July 2013): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/vvd23.2.42.

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To describe the wound healing process through an oversimplified graphic, a classic cartoon in a Dermatology Clinics textbook shows a Volkswagen Beetle, with the license plate TRAUMA that has driven through a wooden fence, leaving both a substantive hole in the fence and piles of broken wooden planks. The obvious priority would be to rebuild the fence so that it is identical to its pretrauma state. This analogy and accompanying graphic provide a framework for a unique perspective on wound healing. For the sake of simplicity, let us assume that the vocal fold is a fence, and instead of a Volkswagen Beetle, the trauma is surgical excision of a vocal fold lesion. Immediately following surgery, the human body initiates the process of rebuilding vocal fold tissue. From a physiological perspective, it would be ideal to regain the original architecture of the vocal fold to ensure minimal alteration to phonatory physiology. Unfortunately, beyond the 2nd trimester of gestation, wounds heal with subsequent scarring. In the vocal folds, this scarring can have significant deleterious effects on vocal fold pliability and lead to dysphonia. However, investigators have shown that wounds heal regeneratively (i.e., no scarring) in the fetal environment. This observation provides potential targets for therapies to direct wound healing toward a more favorable outcome. In this article, I provide a brief overview of the biochemical processes associated with wound healing. Subsequently, I outline the underlying rationale for tissue mobilization in the context of acute vocal fold injury.

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Carissa, Portone-Maira, and M. Johns Michael. "Perioperative Voice Recovery and the Vocal Folds: Perspectives From the Voice Care Team." Perspectives on Voice and Voice Disorders 23, no. 2 (July 2013): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/vvd23.2.53.

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Information regarding the significance of wound healing in laryngology is steadily increasing. Vocal fold tissue may be injured by phonotrauma (excessive impact from the opposing vocal fold), chemical agents (e.g., stomach acid), trauma, or iatrogenic causes (i.e., intubation, vocal fold surgery). Following injury, the affected area becomes inflamed. The body initiates cell proliferation and matrix deposition to begin the process of healing. Matrix remodeling during the healing process determines the degree of scar formation. Vocal fold scar has well-documented structural and functional consequences, and is notoriously difficult to manage (Hirano, 2005). Our roles as vocal professionals in relationship to the stages of wound healing change at key time points: before creating a wound, when making a wound, acute management (0–2 weeks), subacute management (2–8 weeks), and late management (8 weeks and beyond)..

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Cohen, Seth M., C. Gaelyn Garrett, Shan Huang, and Mark S. Courey. "Acute Histologic Effects of Extraesophageal Reflux on Vocal Fold Healing." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 114, no. 4 (April 2005): 296–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940511400408.

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This study evaluates how extraesophageal reflux affects membranous vocal fold healing in a canine model. We created membranous vocal fold injuries in the animals and randomly assigned them to topical application of acid and pepsin at pH 2 or pH 6 or of normal saline solution every other day for 12 days. The experimental vocal folds were compared to uninjured, control vocal folds from animals painlessly sacrificed for other reasons. Hematoxylin and eosin, fibronectin, and procollagen I staining were performed for histologic analysis. The injured specimens had three times greater cellular infiltrate (p ≤ .001, analysis of variance) and twice as much fibronectin and procollagen I (p ≤ .001, analysis of variance) as did the specimens from the control animals. No significant differences or trends were identified for cellular infiltrate, fibronectin, or procollagen I within the injured groups (p > .05, Bonferroni t-test). Acute wound healing did not appear to be influenced by the presence of acid and pepsin at pH 2 or 6 as compared to saline solution.

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4

Hirano, Shigeru, Susan Thibeault, Charles N. Ford, Diane M. Bless, and Shin-Ichi Kanemaru. "Hepatocyte Growth Factor and its Receptor C-Met in Rat and Rabbit Vocal Folds." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 111, no. 8 (August 2002): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940211100801.

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Vocal fold fibrotic scar is characterized by fibrosis of the lamina propria and epithelium, and is difficult to treat. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has antifibrotic activity and has received attention as a possible therapeutic alternative to treat fibrosis. In this study, in order to clarify whether HGF can be involved in vocal fold scarring, we examined the existence of HGF and its receptor, c-Met, in rat vocal folds, and then the activity of HGF in rabbit injured vocal folds, using immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found HGF and c-Met on epithelial cells and gland cells of the rat vocal folds. On the injured vocal folds of rabbits, little HGF was observed immediately after injury, but prominent activity occurred simultaneously with reepithelialization of the vocal fold mucosa on days 10 to 15. The activity of HGF was observed on fibroblasts in the lamina propria, as well as the epithelium. It is suggested that HGF in the vocal folds is produced by the fibroblasts and delivered to the epithelium. The implication of these findings is that HGF is involved in wound healing of the vocal fold, and may provide an alternative approach in preventing and treating vocal fold scarring.

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Novaleski, Carolyn K., Bruce D. Carter, M. Preeti Sivasankar, Sheila H. Ridner, Mary S. Dietrich, and Bernard Rousseau. "Apoptosis and Vocal Fold Disease: Clinically Relevant Implications of Epithelial Cell Death." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 5 (May 24, 2017): 1264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_jslhr-s-16-0326.

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Purpose Vocal fold diseases affecting the epithelium have a detrimental impact on vocal function. This review article provides an overview of apoptosis, the most commonly studied type of programmed cell death. Because apoptosis can damage epithelial cells, this article examines the implications of apoptosis on diseases affecting the vocal fold cover. Method A review of the extant literature was performed. We summarized the topics of epithelial tissue properties and apoptotic cell death, described what is currently understood about apoptosis in the vocal fold, and proposed several possible explanations for how the role of abnormal apoptosis during wound healing may be involved in vocal pathology. Results and Conclusions Apoptosis plays an important role in maintaining normal epithelial tissue function. The biological mechanisms responsible for vocal fold diseases of epithelial origin are only beginning to emerge. This article discusses speculations to explain the potential role of deficient versus excessive rates of apoptosis and how disorganized apoptosis may contribute to the development of common diseases of the vocal folds.

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6

Kim, Choung-Soo, Hyunsu Choi, Ki Cheol Park, Sung Won Kim, and Dong-Il Sun. "The Ability of Human Nasal Inferior Turbinate–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Repair Vocal Fold Injuries." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 159, no. 2 (March 20, 2018): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599818764627.

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Objective This study investigated the ability of implanted human nasal inferior turbinate–derived mesenchymal stem cells (hTMSCs) to repair injured vocal folds. To this end, we used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to analyze the early phase of wound healing and histopathological analysis to explore the late phase of wound healing in xenograft animal models. Study Design Prospective animal study. Setting Research laboratory. Subjects and Methods The right-side lamina propria of the vocal fold was injured in 20 rabbits and 30 rats. Next, hTMSCs were implanted into half of the injured vocal folds (hTMSC groups). As a control, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was injected into the other half of the injured vocal folds (PBS groups). Rat vocal folds were harvested for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at 1 week after injury. Rabbit vocal folds were evaluated endoscopically and the larynges harvested for histological and immunohistochemical examination at 2 and 8 weeks after injury. Results In the hTMSC group, PCR showed that hyaluronan synthase ( HAS) 1, HAS 2, and transforming growth factor ( TGF)–β1 were significantly upregulated compared with the PBS group. Procollagen type III ( COL III) messenger RNA expression was significantly upregulated in the PBS group compared with the normal group. Histological analyses showed that hTMSC administration afforded more favorable collagen and hyaluronic acid deposition than was evident in the controls. Implanted hTMSCs were observed in injured vocal folds 2 weeks after implantation. Conclusions Our results show that hTMSCs implantation into injured vocal folds facilitated vocal fold regeneration, with presenting antifibrotic effects.

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7

Goel, Alexander N., Bhavani S. Gowda, Mysore S. Veena, Travis L. Shiba, and Jennifer L. Long. "Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Persist in Tissue-Engineered Vocal Fold Replacement in Rabbits." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 127, no. 12 (October 8, 2018): 962–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489418806008.

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Objectives: Cell therapies using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been proposed as a promising new tool for the treatment of vocal fold scarring. However, the mechanisms by which MSCs promote healing as well as their duration of survival within the host vocal fold have yet to be defined. The aim of this work was to assess the persistence of embedded MSCs within a tissue-engineered vocal fold mucosal replacement in a rabbit model of vocal fold injury. Methods: Male rabbit adipose-derived MSCs were embedded within a 3-dimensional fibrin gel, forming the cell-based outer vocal fold replacement. Four female rabbits underwent unilateral resection of vocal fold epithelium and lamina propria and reconstruction with cell-based outer vocal fold replacement implantation. Polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent in situ hybridization for the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY-II) in the sex-mismatched donor-recipient pairs sought persistent cells after 4 weeks. Results: A subset of implanted male cells was detected in the implant site at 4 weeks. Many SRY-II-negative cells were also detected at the implant site, presumably representing native female cells that migrated to the area. No SRY-II signal was detected in contralateral control vocal folds. Conclusions: The emergent tissue after implantation of a tissue-engineered outer vocal fold replacement is derived both from initially embedded adipose-derived stromal cells and infiltrating native cells. Our results suggest this tissue-engineering approach can provide a well-integrated tissue graft with prolonged cell activity for repair of severe vocal fold scars.

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8

Branski, Ryan C., Katherine Verdolini, Vlad Sandulache, Clark A. Rosen, and Patricia A. Hebda. "Vocal Fold Wound Healing: A Review for Clinicians." Journal of Voice 20, no. 3 (September 2006): 432–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2005.08.005.

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9

Gaston, Joel, and Susan L. Thibeault. "Hyaluronic acid hydrogels for vocal fold wound healing." Biomatter 3, no. 1 (January 2013): e23799. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/biom.23799.

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10

Dion, Gregory R., Teja Guda, Shigeyuki Mukudai, Renjie Bing, Jean‐Francois Lavoie, and Ryan C. Branski. "Quantifying vocal fold wound‐healing biomechanical property changes." Laryngoscope 130, no. 2 (May 6, 2019): 454–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.27999.

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11

Mizuta, Masanobu, Shigeru Hirano, Nao Hiwatashi, Ichiro Tateya, Shin‐ichi Kanemaru, Tatsuo Nakamura, and Juichi Ito. "Effect of astaxanthin on vocal fold wound healing." Laryngoscope 124, no. 1 (October 15, 2013): E1—E7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.24197.

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12

McFarlane, Stephen C., Teri L. Holt-Romeo, Alfred S. Lavorato, and Lyle Warner. "Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 1, no. 1 (September 1991): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0101.45.

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Voice samples of 16 adult patients with vocal fold paralysis and 6 normal adults were recorded and evaluated by 27 listeners (9 speech-language pathologists, 9 otolaryngologists, and 9 lay listeners). The listeners rated the voices of the speakers on a 10-point scale on six vocal parameters (pitch, loudness, hoarseness, vocal roughness, breathiness, and overall quality). The 16 patients represented three different treatment approaches (teflon injection, 4; voice therapy, 6; and muscle-nerve reinnervation surgery, 6). Voice therapy and muscle nerve reinnervation surgery were both rated more successful than teflon injection in terms of improvement from pretreatment to posttreatment voices for all six vocal parameters. Normal speakers’ voices were rated higher than the voices of any treatment group. Speech-language pathologists were more reliable listeners than the other two listener groups. A case is made for using a period of trial voice therapy while waiting for possible spontaneous nerve healing in unilateral vocal fold paralysis patients who do not have aspiration problems and who have a competent cough. The majority of patients studied presented with unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, and none recovered vocal fold function during the course of the study.

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13

Valerie, Angelou, Kalodimou Vassiliki, Messini Irini, Psychalakis Nikolaos, Eleftheria Karampela, and Papalois Apostolos. "Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Regeneration of Vocal Folds: A Study on a Chronic Vocal Fold Scar." Stem Cells International 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9010279.

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Background. The aim of the study was to assess the histological effects of autologous infusion of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) on a chronic vocal fold scar in a rabbit model as compared to an untreated scar as well as in injection of hyaluronic acid.Study Design. Animal experiment.Method. We used 74 New Zealand rabbits. Sixteen of them were used as control/normal group. We created a bilateral vocal fold wound in the remaining 58 rabbits. After 18 months we separated our population into three groups. The first group served as control/scarred group. The second one was injected with hyaluronic acid in the vocal folds, and the third received an autologous adipose-derived stem cell infusion in the scarred vocal folds (ADSC group). We measured the variation of thickness of the lamina propria of the vocal folds and analyzed histopathologic changes in each group after three months.Results. The thickness of the lamina propria was significantly reduced in the group that received the ADSC injection, as compared to the normal/scarred group. The collagen deposition, the hyaluronic acid, the elastin levels, and the organization of elastic fibers tend to return to normal after the injection of ADSC.Conclusions. Autologous injection of adipose-derived stem cells on a vocal fold chronic scar enhanced the healing of the vocal folds and the reduction of the scar tissue, even when compared to other treatments.

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14

King, Suzanne N. "Emerging Scientist: Vocal Fold Immunology." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 1, no. 3 (March 31, 2016): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/persp1.sig3.26.

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In adults the immune system is intimately involved in restoring function lost after injury. If it is poorly regulated, the initial protective reactions that encompass wound healing can lead to pathologic changes in the vocal fold that are particularly problematic to voice quality. Inflammatory injuries can contribute to pathophysiology of benign vocal fold lesions or scarring. Cells and molecules of the innate immune system are responsible for fighting off challenges and returning the tissue to its pre-injured state. This review briefly discusses aspects of the immune system with a focus on acute inflammation and confers immunological barriers to biomaterial and cell-based approaches for restoration of the voice. Increasing the awareness of laryngeal immunology will facilitate better understanding of the obstacles being faced in bench research and highlight the need for further work.

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15

Rogerson, Anthony R., Keith F. Clark, Somasekhar R. Bandi, and Barbara Bane. "Voice and healing after vocal fold epithelium removal by CO2 laser vs. microlaryngeal stripping." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 115, no. 4 (October 1996): 352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(96)70050-5.

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Controversy exists regarding voice recovery after the use of laser vs. microforceps techniques in the removal of benign vocal fold lesions. The purpose of this study is to compare recovery of voice and healing between groups of cats undergoing vocal fold epithelium removal by CO2 laser and those having vocal fold stripping. Fourteen adult female cats underwent standardized unilateral vocal fold injuries by CO2 laser ablation or stripping. After a 6-week recovery period, phonations were evoked by electrical stimulation of the midbrain periaqueductal gray area. Phonations were recorded for acoustic analysis. The larynges were harvested, fixed, and sectioned for histologic correlation. Acoustic analysis showed the mean signal-to-noise ratios in the laser group (19.72) to be significantly higher than those in the stripped group (13.51) ( p = 0.04). The stripped group showed significantly greater amplitude perturbation (8.68% vs. 2.43%, p = 0.02). No between-group difference was found for period perturbation. Histologically, the laser group showed minimal Reinke's space scarring and near-normal epithelial regeneration, and the stripped group showed marked subepithelial scarring, often involving the vocalis muscle. These results demonstrate superior recovery of voice and healing in animals undergoing vocal fold epithelium removal with the CO2 laser. Inferior outcomes seen in the stripped group may be related to difficulty in preserving Reinke's space during epithelium removal. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1996; 115: 352–9.)

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Hirano, Shigeru, Dennis Heisey, Diane M. Bless, and Charles N. Ford. "Effect of Growth Factors on Hyaluronan Production by Canine Vocal Fold Fibroblasts." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 112, no. 7 (July 2003): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940311200708.

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Hyaluronan (HYA) is considered to be a crucial factor in scarless wound healing and in maintaining tissue viscosity of the vocal fold lamina propria. In this study focusing on the effects of growth factors, we examined how HYA is produced and controlled in canine cultured vocal fold fibroblasts. Fibroblasts were taken from the lamina propria of the vocal folds of 8 dogs and cultured with and without growth factors. The production of HYA in the supernatant culture was quantitatively examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hepatocyte growth factor, epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and transforming growth factor β1 all stimulated HYA synthesis from vocal fold fibroblasts. These effects differed with the concentration of growth factors and the incubation period. We also examined how frequently the growth factors had to be administered in order to maintain appropriate levels of HYA. A single administration was sufficient to maintain appropriate HYA levels for at least 7 days. The present studies have demonstrated positive effects of growth factors in stimulating HYA production. Further in vivo study is needed to clarify the usefulness of these growth factors in the management of vocal fold scarring.

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Branski, Ryan C., Katherine Verdolini, Clark A. Rosen, and Patricia A. Hebda. "Acute Vocal Fold Wound Healing in a Rabbit Model." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 114, no. 1 (January 2005): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940511400105.

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18

Knott, P. Daniel, Michael C. Byrd, David G. Hicks, and Marshall Strome. "Vocal Fold Healing after Laser Cordectomy with Adjuvant Cryotherapy." Laryngoscope 116, no. 9 (September 2006): 1580–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mlg.0000231738.80952.7c.

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Ohno, Satoshi, Shigeru Hirano, Shin-ichi Kanemaru, Masanobu Mizuta, Seiji Ishikawa, Ichiro Tateya, Tatsuo Nakamura, and Juichi Ito. "Role of circulating MSCs in vocal fold wound healing." Laryngoscope 122, no. 11 (September 10, 2012): 2503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.23543.

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20

Kanemaru, Shin-Ichi, Tatsuo Nakamura, Masaru Yamashita, Akhmar Magrufov, Tomoko Kita, Hisanobu Tamaki, Yoshihiro Tamura, et al. "Destiny of Autologous Bone Marrow—Derived Stromal Cells Implanted in the Vocal Fold." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 114, no. 12 (December 2005): 907–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940511401203.

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the destiny of implanted autologous bone marrow–derived stromal cells (BSCs) containing mesenchymal stem cells. We previously reported the successful regeneration of an injured vocal fold through implantation of BSCs in a canine model. However, the fate of the implanted BSCs was not examined. In this study, implanted BSCs were traced in order to determine the type of tissues resulting at the injected site of the vocal fold. Methods: After harvest of bone marrow from the femurs of green fluorescent transgenic mice, adherent cells were cultured and selectively amplified. By means of a fluorescence-activated cell sorter, it was confirmed that some cells were strongly positive for mesenchymal stem cell markers, including CD29, CD44, CD49e, and Sca-1. These cells were then injected into the injured vocal fold of a nude rat. Immunohistologic examination of the resected vocal folds was performed 8 weeks after treatment. Results: The implanted cells were alive in the host tissues and showed positive expression for keratin and desmin, markers for epithelial tissue and muscle, respectively. The implanted BSCs differentiated into more than one tissue type in vivo. Conclusions: Cell-based tissue engineering using BSCs may improve the quality of the healing process in vocal fold injuries.

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Ohno, Tsunehisa, Shigeru Hirano, and Bernard Rousseau. "Extracellular matrix gene expression during wound healing of the injured rat vocal fold." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 140, no. 5 (May 2009): 757–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.12.065.

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Objectives: To measure the expression of procollagen-I and -III, decorin, and hyaluronan synthase (HAS)-1, −2, and −3 during the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases of rat vocal fold injury. Study Design: Prospective, animal model. Subjects and Methods: Vocal folds were injured in 30 rats. Injured specimens were harvested on postinjury days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56. Five uninjured rats were used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) control. Real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of procollagen-I and -III, decorin, and hyaluronan synthase (HAS)-1, −2, and −3. Results: Compared with control, expression of procollagen-I and -III were significantly decreased on postinjury days 1 and 56; decorin expression was significantly decreased on postinjury days 1, 3, 7, and 56; HAS-1 expression was significantly decreased on postinjury days 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56; HAS-2 expression was significantly decreased on postinjury days 28 and 56; HAS-3 expression was significantly decreased on postinjury day 56. Conclusions: Results revealed time-dependent alterations in the expression of genes coding procollagen-I and -III, decorin, and HAS-1, −2, and −3. Knowledge of the temporal regulation of these genes and underlying histology will be used in future studies to investigate molecular approaches for manipulation of vocal fold injury.

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Won, Ho-Ryun, Eun Hye Song, Jong Eun Won, Hye Young Lee, Sung Un Kang, Yoo Seob Shin, and Chul-Ho Kim. "Liquid-type non-thermal atmospheric plasma ameliorates vocal fold scarring by modulating vocal fold fibroblast." Experimental Biology and Medicine 244, no. 10 (May 14, 2019): 824–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370219850084.

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Injection laryngoplasty is a widely used therapeutic option for drug delivery into vocal folds (VFs). Efficient injectable materials are urgently needed for treating intractable VF disease. Liquid-type non-thermal atmospheric plasma (LTP) has been found to be useful for various biological applications, including in regenerative medicine. We evaluated the effects of LTP on VF regeneration. Migration and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated human vocal fold-derived mesenchymal stem cells (VF-MSCs) were enhanced by LTP treatment. LTP treatment not only ameliorated nuclear factor-κB and interleukin-6 activation, induced by LPS treatment, but also the increased manifestation of α-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin, induced by transforming growth factor-ß. In a rabbit VF scarring animal model, histological analyses showed increased hyaluronic acid deposition and decreased collagen accumulation after LTP injection. Videokymographic analysis showed more improved vibrations in LTP-treated VF mucosa compared to those in non-treated group. In conclusion, LTP treatment enhanced the recruitment and activation of VF-MSCs. Regulated extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and eventual functional improvement of scarred VFs were observed upon LTP treatment. The results of this study suggest that LTP injection can enhance wound healing and improve functional remodeling following VF injury. Impact statement Voice disorder has a significant impact on life quality, and one of the major causes of this voice disorder is vocal fold scarring. Therefore, various approaches have been tried to treat for voice disorder. However, no method has satisfied all requirements until now. Plasma medicine, which involves the medical application of plasma, is a rapidly developing field. We have confirmed that liquid-type plasma improved vocal fold scarring by mobilizing and activating vocal fold fibroblast. In conclusion, liquid-type plasma is a potential therapeutic agent for promoting vocal fold scarring through simple injection and it may be an alternative therapeutic agent for the current situation to treat voice disorder.

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Keefe, M. A. "Investigation of Anti-Hyaluronidase Treatment on Vocal Fold Wound Healing." Yearbook of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2007 (January 2007): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1041-892x(07)70130-0.

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Rousseau, Bernard, Ichiro Tateya, XinHong Lim, Alejandro Munoz-del-Rio, and Diane M. Bless. "Investigation of Anti-Hyaluronidase Treatment on Vocal Fold Wound Healing." Journal of Voice 20, no. 3 (September 2006): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2005.06.002.

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Garrett, C. Gaelyn, and Lou Reinisch. "New-Generation Pulsed Carbon Dioxide Laser: Comparative Effects on Vocal Fold Wound Healing." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 111, no. 6 (June 2002): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940211100601.

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We investigated wound healing of vocal fold mucosal excisions using a canine model, comparing cold steel, the continuous wave (CW) carbon dioxide (CO2) laser, and a new, microsecond-pulsed CO2 laser. The thermal injury to the surrounding normal tissues produced by the laser increases the risk for scar formation and poor functional voice outcome. This injury may be reduced with a pulsed CO2 laser. Acute, 2-week, and 6-week studies of 15 dogs were made with blinded observers and nonparametric statistical analyses. Histologic comparison showed less thermal injury and scar formation in the vocal folds treated with the pulsed CO2 laser than with the CW CO2 laser. Functional outcomes as studied with laryngeal videostroboscopy revealed better vibratory characteristics with the pulsed CO2 laser as compared with the CW CO2 laser. No differences were seen on these measures between the pulsed laser and cold techniques. Pulsed CO2 lasers may offer the ease of laser laryngology and the superior wound healing of cold steel.

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Park, Sung Joon, Hyunsu Choi, Ji Heon Kim, and Choung-Soo Kim. "Antifibrotic effects of eupatilin on TGF-β1-treated human vocal fold fibroblasts." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 25, 2021): e0249041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249041.

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Vocal fold scarring is a major cause of dysphonia. Vocal fold fibroblasts (VFFs) and the TGF-β signaling pathway play important roles in scar formation. Eupatilin, a chromone derivative of the Artemisia species, is a traditional folk remedy for wound healing. However, until recently, few studies investigated the therapeutic effects of eupatilin. We investigated the antifibrogenic effects of eupatilin on TGF-β1-treated human vocal fold fibroblasts (hVFFs). The optimal concentration of eupatilin was determined by a cell viability assay. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin during myofibroblast differentiation, fibronectin (FN), collagen type I (Col I), and collagen type III (Col III) extracellular matrix proteins, and Smad2, Smad3, and p38 in the fibrotic pathway. Measurements were made before and after eupatilin treatment. Eupatilin at 100 nM was shown to be safe for use in hVFFs. TGF-β1 induced hVFFs to proliferate and differentiate into myofibroblasts and increased Col III and FN synthesis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Eupatilin suppressed TGF-β1-induced hVFF proliferation and differentiation into myofibroblasts through the Smad and p38 signaling pathways. Furthermore, eupatilin inhibited TGF-β1-induced FN, Col I, and Col III synthesis in hVFFs. Our in vitro findings show that eupatilin effectively suppressed TGF-β1-induced fibrotic changes in hVFFs via the Smad and p38 signaling pathways. Thus, eupatilin may be considered a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of vocal fold fibrosis.

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Woo, Seung Hoon, Han-Sin Jeong, Jin Pyeong Kim, Eun-Ha Koh, Seon Uk Lee, Sung Min Jin, Dong Hoon Kim, Jin Hee Sohn, and Sang Hyuk Lee. "Favorable Vocal Fold Wound Healing Induced by Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection." Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology 7, no. 1 (2014): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3342/ceo.2014.7.1.47.

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Akdogan, Ozgur, Adin Selcuk, Ibrahim Ozcan, Kürsat Murat Ozcan, Seren Gulsen Giray, Huseyin Dere, and Candan Ozogul. "Activation of vocal fold healing with topical vitamin A in rabbits." Acta Oto-Laryngologica 129, no. 2 (January 2009): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00016480802087219.

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Maunsell, Rebecca C. K., Leandro L. de Freitas, Albina Altemani, and Agrício N. Crespo. "Histologic comparison of vocal fold microflap healing with sutures and glue." Laryngoscope 123, no. 7 (April 26, 2013): 1709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.23914.

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30

Risser, Rebecca. "Balancing the Art and Science of the Singing Voice." Perspectives on Voice and Voice Disorders 25, no. 3 (November 2015): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/vvd25.3.110.

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Voice therapy for elite singers developed alongside the emergence of performing arts medicine in the 1980s. By this time the field of clinical speech pathology had already established close working relationships with otolaryngologists and voice-related clinical research studies were being conducted to define treatment methods and their outcomes. In the intervening years, the art of delivering various therapy techniques, coupled with the science of vocal fold wound healing, have provided speech-language pathologists who specialize in voice a new foundation on which voice therapy is predicated and has allowed clinicians and their elite voice patients to expect epithelial vocal fold changes as a result of behavioral intervention.

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Garrett, C. Gaelyn, Joseph Soto, Cheryl R. Billante, John Riddick, and Lou Reinisch. "Effect of Mitomycin-C on Vocal Fold Healing in a Canine Model." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 110, no. 1 (January 2001): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940111000105.

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32

Branski, Ryan C., Clark A. Rosen, Katherine Verdolini, and Patricia A. Hebda. "Biochemical Markers Associated With Acute Vocal Fold Wound Healing: A Rabbit Model." Journal of Voice 19, no. 2 (June 2005): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2004.04.003.

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33

Palencia, Liliana, Amritava Das, Sean P. Palecek, Susan L. Thibeault, and Ciara Leydon. "Epidermal growth factor mediated healing in stem cell-derived vocal fold mucosa." Journal of Surgical Research 197, no. 1 (July 2015): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2015.02.066.

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34

Gong, Ting, Chi Zhang, Jing Kang, Zhewei Lou, Austin Scholp, and Jack J. Jiang. "The effects of cryotherapy on vocal fold healing in a rabbit model." Laryngoscope 129, no. 4 (November 23, 2018): E151—E157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.27629.

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35

Okur, Erdogan, Orhan Kemal Kahveci, Abdullah Aycicek, and Ali Altuntaş. "The effect of retinyl palmitate on healing of benign vocal fold lesions." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 270, no. 1 (August 26, 2012): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-012-2163-8.

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36

Sandage, Mary J. "Perioperative Voice Recovery: An Exercise Physiology Perspective." Perspectives on Voice and Voice Disorders 23, no. 2 (July 2013): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/vvd23.2.47.

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Voice professionals have differing views on the amount of voice rest prescribed before and after laryngeal surgery. Current recommendations are largely based on a long-standing belief that voice rest is good for the vocal mechanism, particularly when pathology is present or following surgical interruption of the vocal fold tissue. There is little evidence to support the benefit of extensive voice rest prior to laryngeal surgery, as is often recommended in the performing arts. In fact, preoperative voice therapy has shown benefit for postoperative voice outcome. From a wound-healing perspective, voice conservation immediately following vocal fold surgery contributes to the best vocal function outcome. There is no supportive evidence for postoperative voice rest that extends for weeks into months, as some performing artists have reported following surgery. From the perspective of skeletal muscle cell physiology and what is currently known about skeletal muscle adaptations that occur with training and detraining, a guideline for optimal voice recovery and return to performance may be clearer. The well-intentioned, long-held belief that extensive voice conservation is good for the voice may actually trigger a skeletal muscle detraining cascade that could lengthen return to optimal voice function, particularly in the vocal performing arts.

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37

Branski, Ryan C., Katherine Verdolini, Clark A. Rosen, and Patricia A. Hebda. "Markers of Wound Healing in Vocal Fold Secretions from Patients with Laryngeal Pathology." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 113, no. 1 (January 2004): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940411300105.

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38

de Bonnecaze, Guillaume, Benoit Chaput, Virginie Woisard, Emmanuelle Uro-Coste, Pascal Swider, Sebastien Vergez, Elie Serrano, Louis Casteilla, and Valerie Planat-Benard. "Adipose stromal cells improve healing of vocal fold scar: Morphological and functional evidences." Laryngoscope 126, no. 8 (April 14, 2016): E278—E285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.25867.

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39

Suehiro, Atsushi, Jonathan M. Bock, Joseph E. Hall, C. Gaelyn Garrett, and Bernard Rousseau. "Feasibility and acute healing of vocal fold microflap incisions in a rabbit model." Laryngoscope 122, no. 3 (January 17, 2012): 600–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.22470.

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40

Allen, Jacqueline. "Effects of corticosteroids vs halofuginone on vocal fold wound healing in an ovine model." Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology 6, no. 4 (June 10, 2021): 786–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lio2.602.

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41

Welham, N. V., C. Ling, J. A. Dawson, C. Kendziorski, S. L. Thibeault, and M. Yamashita. "Microarray-based characterization of differential gene expression during vocal fold wound healing in rats." Disease Models & Mechanisms 8, no. 3 (January 15, 2015): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dmm.018366.

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42

Lim, Jae-Yol, Byung Hyune Choi, Songyi Lee, Yun Ho Jang, Jeong-Seok Choi, and Young-Mo Kim. "Regulation of Wound Healing by Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor after Vocal Fold Injury." PLoS ONE 8, no. 1 (January 25, 2013): e54256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054256.

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43

Yildiz, Muhammet, Ozgür Yigit, Ahmet Volkan Sünter, Deniz Tuna Edizer, Nevra Dursun, and Oguzhan Okcu. "Effects of Intracordal Estradiol and Dexamethasone Injection on Wound Healing in Vocal Fold Injuries." Journal of Voice 33, no. 5 (September 2019): 759–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.01.020.

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44

Kim, Young-Mo, Se H. Oh, Jeong-Seok Choi, Songyi Lee, Jeong C. Ra, Jin H. Lee, and Jae-Yol Lim. "Adipose-derived stem cell-containing hyaluronic acid/alginate hydrogel improves vocal fold wound healing." Laryngoscope 124, no. 3 (October 22, 2013): E64—E72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.24405.

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45

Hu, Rong, Wei Ling, Wen Xu, and Demin Han. "Fibroblast-Like Cells Differentiated from Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Vocal Fold Wound Healing." PLoS ONE 9, no. 3 (March 24, 2014): e92676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092676.

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46

Campagnolo, Andréa M., Domingos Hiroshi Tsuji, Luiz Ubirajara Sennes, Rui Imamura, and Paulo H. N. Saldiva. "Histologic Study of Acute Vocal Fold Wound Healing after Corticosteroid Injection in a Rabbit Model." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 119, no. 2 (February 2010): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348941011900211.

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47

Franco, R. A. "Histologic Study of Acute Vocal Fold Wound Healing After Corticosteroid Injection in a Rabbit Model." Yearbook of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2011 (January 2011): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yoto.2011.03.051.

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48

Dias Garcia, Roberta Ismael, Domingos Hiroshi Tsuji, Rui Imamura, Thais Mauad, and Luiz Fernando Ferraz da Silva. "Effects of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Injection and Reinjection on Healing in the Rabbit Vocal Fold." Journal of Voice 26, no. 5 (September 2012): 667.e7–667.e12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.08.007.

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Lou, Zhewei, Ting Gong, Jing Kang, Chao Xue, Christopher Ulmschneider, and Jack J. Jiang. "The Effects of Photobiomodulation on Vocal Fold Wound Healing: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies." Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery 37, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 532–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/photob.2019.4641.

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50

Choi, Jeong-Seok, Se Heang Oh, Young-Mo Kim, and Jae-Yol Lim. "Hyaluronic Acid/Alginate Hydrogel Containing Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Promotion of Vocal Fold Wound Healing." Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 17, no. 5 (July 16, 2020): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13770-020-00280-6.

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