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Journal articles on the topic 'Vocal fold biology'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Lee, Jung-Won, Hong-Goo Kang, Jeung-Yoon Choi, and Young-Ik Son. "An Investigation of Vocal Tract Characteristics for Acoustic Discrimination of Pathological Voices." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/758731.

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This paper investigates the effectiveness of measures related to vocal tract characteristics in classifying normal and pathological speech. Unlike conventional approaches that mainly focus on features related to the vocal source, vocal tract characteristics are examined to determine if interaction effects between vocal folds and the vocal tract can be used to detect pathological speech. Especially, this paper examines features related to formant frequencies to see if vocal tract characteristics are affected by the nature of the vocal fold-related pathology. To test this hypothesis, stationary fragments of vowel /aa/ produced by 223 normal subjects, 472 vocal fold polyp subjects, and 195 unilateral vocal cord paralysis subjects are analyzed. Based on the acoustic-articulatory relationships, phonation for pathological subjects is found to be associated with measures correlated with a raised tongue body or an advanced tongue root. Vocal tract-related features are also found to be statistically significant from the Kruskal-Wallis test in distinguishing normal and pathological speech. Classification results demonstrate that combining the formant measurements with vocal fold-related features results in improved performance in differentiating vocal pathologies including vocal polyps and unilateral vocal cord paralysis, which suggests that measures related to vocal tract characteristics may provide additional information in diagnosing vocal disorders.

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2

Won, Ho-Ryun, Eun Hye Song, Jong Eun Won, Hye Young Lee, Sung Un Kang, Yoo Seob Shin, and Chul-Ho Kim. "Liquid-type non-thermal atmospheric plasma ameliorates vocal fold scarring by modulating vocal fold fibroblast." Experimental Biology and Medicine 244, no. 10 (May 14, 2019): 824–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370219850084.

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Injection laryngoplasty is a widely used therapeutic option for drug delivery into vocal folds (VFs). Efficient injectable materials are urgently needed for treating intractable VF disease. Liquid-type non-thermal atmospheric plasma (LTP) has been found to be useful for various biological applications, including in regenerative medicine. We evaluated the effects of LTP on VF regeneration. Migration and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated human vocal fold-derived mesenchymal stem cells (VF-MSCs) were enhanced by LTP treatment. LTP treatment not only ameliorated nuclear factor-κB and interleukin-6 activation, induced by LPS treatment, but also the increased manifestation of α-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin, induced by transforming growth factor-ß. In a rabbit VF scarring animal model, histological analyses showed increased hyaluronic acid deposition and decreased collagen accumulation after LTP injection. Videokymographic analysis showed more improved vibrations in LTP-treated VF mucosa compared to those in non-treated group. In conclusion, LTP treatment enhanced the recruitment and activation of VF-MSCs. Regulated extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and eventual functional improvement of scarred VFs were observed upon LTP treatment. The results of this study suggest that LTP injection can enhance wound healing and improve functional remodeling following VF injury. Impact statement Voice disorder has a significant impact on life quality, and one of the major causes of this voice disorder is vocal fold scarring. Therefore, various approaches have been tried to treat for voice disorder. However, no method has satisfied all requirements until now. Plasma medicine, which involves the medical application of plasma, is a rapidly developing field. We have confirmed that liquid-type plasma improved vocal fold scarring by mobilizing and activating vocal fold fibroblast. In conclusion, liquid-type plasma is a potential therapeutic agent for promoting vocal fold scarring through simple injection and it may be an alternative therapeutic agent for the current situation to treat voice disorder.

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Lungova, Vlasta, Kate V. Griffin, Tadeas Lunga, and Susan L. Thibeault. "Drainage of amniotic fluid delays vocal fold separation and induces load-related vocal fold mucosa remodeling." Developmental Biology 466, no. 1-2 (October 2020): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.08.003.

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4

Thibeault, Susan L., Wenhua Li, and Stephanie Bartley. "A method for identification of vocal fold lamina propria fibroblasts in culture." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, no. 6 (December 2008): 816–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.09.009.

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Objective Vocal fold biology research is emerging as a vital area of study in laryngology. One impediment is the lack of both commercially available vocal fold lamina propria fibroblasts and a constitutively expressed specific marker for fibroblasts. We present an in vitro technique that allows for identification of fibroblasts by ruling out the possibility of the cells belonging to other lineages that are found in vocal fold tissue. Study Design An in vitro study. Methods Two primary vocal fold fibroblast cell lines and one immortalized vocal fold fibroblast cell line were cultured. Immunohistologic staining for α-actinin, cytokeratin 19, and von Willebrand factor was completed for the three fibroblast lines in addition to skeletal, endothelial, and epithelial cell lines. Cell type was differentiated by positive staining for α-actinin, cytokeratin 19, and von Willebrand factor. Results Fibroblast cultures did not express α-actinin, cytokeratin 19, and von Willebrand factor, whereas skeletal muscle, endothelial, and epithelial cultured cells expressed each respectively. Conclusions This simple rule-out methodology for fibroblast confirmation is an important step when establishing cell culture, and it establishes sound internal validity particularly in the early stages of this emerging area of study.

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5

Cox, Abigail, and Preeti M. Sivasankar. "Investigating the pathobiology of vocal fold dehydration." FASEB Journal 34, S1 (April 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.02611.

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6

King, Suzanne N., Fei Chen, Marie E. Jetté, and Susan L. Thibeault. "Vocal fold fibroblasts immunoregulate activated macrophage phenotype." Cytokine 61, no. 1 (January 2013): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2012.09.023.

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7

Fuja, Tannin J., Erin M. Ostrem, Megan N. Probst-Fuja, and Ingo R. Titze. "Differential cell adhesion to vocal fold extracellular matrix constituents." Matrix Biology 25, no. 4 (May 2006): 240–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matbio.2006.01.004.

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8

Lungova, Vlasta, and Susan L. Thibeault. "Mechanisms of larynx and vocal fold development and pathogenesis." Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 77, no. 19 (April 6, 2020): 3781–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-020-03506-x.

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9

Nakamura, Ryosuke, Renjie Bing, Carina P. Doyle, Michael J. Garabedian, and Ryan C. Branski. "Glucocorticoids activate Yes-associated protein in human vocal fold fibroblasts." Experimental Cell Research 405, no. 2 (August 2021): 112681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112681.

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10

Tanigami, Yuki, Yoshitaka Kawai, Shinji Kaba, Ryuji Uozumi, Hiroe Ohnishi, Tomoko Kita, Koichi Omori, and Yo Kishimoto. "Establishment of a radiation-induced vocal fold fibrosis mouse model." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 601 (April 2022): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.065.

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11

Choi, Hyunsu, Seung-Shin Yu, Jiwon Choi, and Choung-Soo Kim. "The Regenerative Effects of c-Met Agonistic Antibodies in Vocal Fold Atrophy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 14 (July 15, 2022): 7818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147818.

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Background: Atrophy of the vocal folds and the accompanying glottic insufficiency affect the quality of life. Although growth factors have been used to treat muscle atrophy, their effectiveness is limited by their short half-life. Methods: In total, 15 rabbits and 24 rats were used for the study. The right recurrent laryngeal nerves of all animals were transected. One month following nerve transection, PBS (PBS group), rHGF (HGF group), or a c-Met agonistic antibody (c-Met group) was injected into the paralyzed vocal folds. The larynges of the rabbits were harvested from each group for histologic examination and subjected to PCR analysis. Results: Cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of thyroarytenoid muscles were evaluated. The c-Met group had increased CSAs compared to the PBS and HGF groups, but there were no significant differences compared to normal controls. The expression levels of myogenesis-related genes were evaluated three weeks after the injection. The expression levels of myosin heavy chain IIa were significantly increased in the PBS group, while the expression levels of MyoD were increased in the c-Met group. Conclusions: The c-Met agonistic antibody showed promise for promoting muscle regeneration in a vocal fold palsy model.

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12

Kumai, Yoshihiko. "Pathophysiology of Fibrosis in the Vocal Fold: Current Research, Future Treatment Strategies, and Obstacles to Restoring Vocal Fold Pliability." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 10 (May 24, 2019): 2551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20102551.

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Communication by voice depends on symmetrical vibrations within the vocal folds (VFs) and is indispensable for various occupations. VF scarring is one of the main reasons for permanent dysphonia and results from injury to the unique layered structure of the VFs. The increased collagen and decreased hyaluronic acid within VF scars lead to a loss of pliability of the VFs and significantly decreases their capacity to vibrate. As there is currently no definitive treatment for VF scarring, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering have become increasingly important research areas within otolaryngology. Several recent reviews have described the problem of VF scarring and various possible solutions, including tissue engineered cells and tissues, biomaterial implants, stem cells, growth factors, anti-inflammatory cytokines antifibrotic agents. Despite considerable research progress, these technical advances have not been established as routine clinical procedures. This review focuses on emerging techniques for restoring VF pliability using various approaches. We discuss our studies on interactions among adipose-derived stem/stromal cells, antifibrotic agents, and VF fibroblasts using an in vitro model. We also identify some obstacles to advances in research.

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Jimenez-Vergara, Andrea Carolina, Dany J. Munoz-Pinto, Silvia Becerra-Bayona, Bo Wang, Alexandra Iacob, and Mariah S. Hahn. "Influence of glycosaminoglycan identity on vocal fold fibroblast behavior." Acta Biomaterialia 7, no. 11 (November 2011): 3964–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2011.06.034.

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14

Nishimoto, Kohei, Yutaka Toya, Christopher R. Davis, Sherry A. Tanumihardjo, and Nathan V. Welham. "Dynamics of vitamin A uptake, storage, and utilization in vocal fold mucosa." Molecular Metabolism 40 (October 2020): 101025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101025.

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15

Yılmaz, Taner, Ozan Muzaffer Altuntaş, Nilda Süslü, Gamze Atay, Serdar Özer, Oğuz Kuşçu, and Tevfik Sözen. "Total and Partial Laser Arytenoidectomy for Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3601612.

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Introduction. Treatment for bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP) has evolved from external irreversible procedures to endolaryngeal laser surgery with greater focus on anatomic and functional preservation. Since the introduction of endolaryngeal laser arytenoidectomy, certain modifications have been described, such as partial resection procedures and mucosa sparing techniques as opposed to total arytenoidectomy.Discussion. The primary outcome measure in studies on BVFP treatment using total or partial arytenoidectomy is avoidance of tracheotomy or decannulation and reported success ranges between 90 and 100% in this regard. Phonation is invariably affected and arytenoidectomy worsens both aerodynamic and acoustic vocal properties. Recent reports indicate that partial and total arytenoidectomies have similar outcome in respect to phonation and swallowing. We use CO2laser assisted partial arytenoidectomy with a posteromedially based mucosal flap for primary cases and reserve total arytenoidectomy for revision. Lateral suturing of preserved mucosa provides tension on the vocal fold leading to better voice and leaves no raw surgical field to unpredictable scarring or granulation.Conclusion. Arytenoidectomy as a permanent static procedure remains a traditional yet sound choice in the treatment of BVFP. Laser dissection provides a precise dissection in a narrow surgical field and the possibility to perform partial arytenoidectomy.

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Krasnodębska, Paulina, Agata Szkiełkowska, Ludmiła Czarkwiani-Woźniakowska, Beata Miaśkiewicz, Anna Sinkiewicz, and Henryk Skarżyński. "Laryngeal Electromyography in the Therapeutic Process of Patients with Vocal Fold Immobility or Dysmobility." Life 12, no. 3 (March 8, 2022): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12030390.

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(1) Background: Laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) plays a key role in classifying the severity of nerve damage and determining the prognosis of the nerve recovery. LEMG is primarily a qualitative study, without a standardized approach to interpretation. The development of qualitative and quantitative analysis would situate LEMG in the gold standard of modern neurolaryngologic diagnostics. The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate laryngeal electromyography recorded in patients with vocal fold immobility or dysmobility. (2) Methods: The electromyographic material comprised 84 thyroarytenoid muscles recordings of 42 patients. (3) Results: In our study, we observed significant differences between EMG characteristics of healthy and paralyzed VF. Our study showed that recording laryngeal muscle activity during successive phases of breathing provides additional valuable information. We noticed that the frequency and amplitude of motor unit potentials correlates with the return of vocal fold functionality. (4) Conclusions: Laryngeal EMG guides the clinician on the best course of treatment for the patient. It is therefore important to develop an effective methodology and consensus on the quantitative interpretation of the record. Amplitude and frequency parameters are valuable in predicting neural recovery and in the return of vocal fold mobility.

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Nakamura, Ryosuke, Renjie Bing, Gary J. Gartling, and Ryan C. Branski. "Macrophages alter inflammatory and fibrotic gene expression in human vocal fold fibroblasts." Experimental Cell Research 419, no. 1 (October 2022): 113301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113301.

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18

Riede, T., and I. R. Titze. "Vocal fold elasticity of the Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) - producing high fundamental frequency vocalization with a very long vocal fold." Journal of Experimental Biology 211, no. 13 (July 1, 2008): 2144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.017004.

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19

Fang, Yi, Min Chen, Yue Yang, Jian Chen, Lei Cheng, Peijie He, and Haitao Wu. "The Variation of Peripheral Inflammatory Markers in Vocal Leukoplakia before and after Recurrence and Canceration." Disease Markers 2020 (August 3, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7241785.

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Background. This retrospective study aims at comparing the variation of peripheral inflammatory markers in recurrent and cancerous vocal fold leukoplakia (VFL) and at exploring the potential connection with pathological outcomes. Methods. The patients undergoing carbon dioxide laser surgery with postoperative pathological diagnosis of recurrent vocal fold leukoplakia in the last 5 years were included. The clinical data were collected, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocytes-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) before and after recurrence and canceration were calculated. Related comparison with two-grade pathological classification was made to evaluate their potential connection with postsurgical histopathology and clinical events. Results. The data of 193 patients were engaged into research, as 111 in the recurrence group (Group A) and 82 in canceration group (Group B). The NLR, PLR, and MLR were significantly increased in canceration event compared to the first (P=0.009,0.004,0.007, respectively) and penultimate (P=0.013,0.041,0.006, respectively) time when the previous pathologies were leukoplakia. When redividing the Group A according to the two-grade pathological classification, the high-risk groups showed statistically higher NLR and PLR values than low-risk groups in the subgroups with grade changing (P=0.016,0.005,0.007,0.005, respectively) and subgroups without grade changing (P=0.020,0.027,0.030,0.029, respectively). Conclusions. NLR, PLR, and MLR are reliable biomarkers in the circulation system which show significantly interrelation with the pathological progression of vocal fold leukoplakia. Presurgical evaluation of NLR, PLR, and MLR may have potential values to indicate the following treatment in clinical practice.

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Tsou, Yung-An, Yi-Wen Liu, Wen-Dien Chang, Wei-Chen Chen, Hsiang-Chun Ke, Wen-Yang Lin, Hsing-Rong Yang, Dung-Yun Shie, and Ming-Hsui Tsai. "Using Innovative Acoustic Analysis to Predict the Postoperative Outcomes of Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7821415.

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Objective.Autologous fat injection laryngoplasty is ineffective for some patients with iatrogenic vocal fold paralysis, and additional laryngeal framework surgery is often required. An acoustically measurable outcome predictor for lipoinjection laryngoplasty would assist phonosurgeons in formulating treatment strategies.Methods.Seventeen thyroid surgery patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis participated in this study. All subjects underwent lipoinjection laryngoplasty to treat postsurgery vocal hoarseness. After treatment, patients were assigned to success and failure groups on the basis of voice improvement. Linear prediction analysis was used to construct a new voice quality indicator, the number of irregular peaks (NIrrP). It compared with the measures used in the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP), such as jitter (frequency perturbation) and shimmer (perturbation of amplitude).Results.By comparing the [i] vowel produced by patients before the lipoinjection laryngoplasty (AUC = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.78–0.99), NIrrP was shown to be a more accurate predictor of long-term surgical outcomes than jitter (AUC = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.47–0.91) and shimmer (AUC = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.37–0.85), as identified by the receiver operating characteristic curve.Conclusions.NIrrP measured using the LP model could be a more accurate outcome predictor than the parameters used in the MDVP.

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Hortobagyi, David, Tanja Grossmann, Magdalena Tschernitz, Magdalena Grill, Andrijana Kirsch, Claus Gerstenberger, and Markus Gugatschka. "In vitro mechanical vibration down-regulates pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic signaling in human vocal fold fibroblasts." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): e0241901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241901.

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Introduction Voice rest following phonotrauma or phonosurgery has a considerable clinical impact, but clinical recommendations are inconsistent due to inconclusive data. As biopsies of the vocal folds (VF) for molecular biology studies in humans are unethical, we established a new in vitro model to explore the effects of vibration on human vocal fold fibroblasts (hVFF) in an inflammatory and normal state, which is based on previously published models. Methods By using a phonomimetic bioreactor we were able to apply predefined vibrational stress patterns on hVFF cultured under inflammatory or normal conditions. Inflammatory and pro-fibrotic stimuli were induced by interleukin (IL)1β and transforming growth factor (TGF)β1, respectively. Mechanical stimulation was applied four hours daily, over a period of 72 hours. Outcome measurements comprised assessment of extracellular matrix (ECM)-related components, angiogenic factors, and inflammatory and fibrogenic markers on gene expression and protein levels. Results Under inflammatory conditions, the inflammatory cytokine IL11, as well as the myofibroblast marker alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were significantly reduced when additional vibration was applied. The desirable anti-fibrotic ECM component hyaluronic acid was increased following cytokine treatment, but was not diminished following vibration. Conclusion Our experiments revealed the effect of vibrational stress on hVFF in an inflammatory state. Elevated levels of certain pro-inflammatory/pro-fibrotic factors could be mitigated by additional vibrational excitation in an in vitro setting. These findings corroborate clinical studies which recommend early voice activation following an acute event.

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Choi, Hyunsu, and Choung-Soo Kim. "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Fine Particulate Matter Induce Oxidative Stress and the Inflammatory Response in Human Vocal Fold Fibroblast Cells." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021 (August 3, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5530390.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxicants in particulate matter (PM). The vocal fold, part of the larynx and a key structure for voicing, is always in contact with air. In recent epidemic studies, PM was shown to cause laryngitis; however, the basic mechanism has not been evaluated. In the present study, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proinflammatory cytokine levels were analyzed after exposing human vocal fold fibroblasts (hVFFs) to PM standard reference material (SRM 2786). Expression levels of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and Cytochrome P450 Family 1 Subfamily A Member 1 (CYP1A1) were also evaluated. PM induced ROS formation and proinflammatory cytokines via the AhR CYP1A1 pathway and caused lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Blocking AhR or CYP1A1 production using siRNAs significantly decreased ROS production and IL-6 and IL-9 expression in PM-exposed hVFFs, thus protecting the cells against oxidative stress. These results confirm that PAHs in PM play an important role in cell damage and inflammation, confirming a basic pathophysiologic relationship between PM exposure and laryngitis.

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Lo Cicero, V., E. Montelatici, G. Cantarella, R. Mazzola, G. Sambataro, P. Rebulla, and Lorenza Lazzari. "Do mesenchymal stem cells play a role in vocal fold fat graft survival?" Cell Proliferation 41, no. 3 (June 2008): 460–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2184.2008.00533.x.

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Fuja, Tannin J., Megan N. Probst-Fuja, and Ingo R. Titze. "Transdifferentiation of vocal-fold stellate cells and all-trans retinol-induced deactivation." Cell and Tissue Research 322, no. 3 (July 28, 2005): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-005-0028-9.

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Jensen, Kenneth K., Brenton G. Cooper, Ole N. Larsen, and Franz Goller. "Songbirds use pulse tone register in two voices to generate low-frequency sound." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1626 (August 28, 2007): 2703–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.0781.

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The principal physical mechanism of sound generation is similar in songbirds and humans, despite large differences in their vocal organs. Whereas vocal fold dynamics in the human larynx are well characterized, the vibratory behaviour of the sound-generating labia in the songbird vocal organ, the syrinx, is unknown. We present the first high-speed video records of the intact syrinx during induced phonation. The syrinx of anaesthetized crows shows a vibration pattern of the labia similar to that of the human vocal fry register. Acoustic pulses result from short opening of the labia, and pulse generation alternates between the left and right sound sources. Spontaneously calling crows can also generate similar pulse characteristics with only one sound generator. Airflow recordings in zebra finches and starlings show that pulse tone sounds can be generated unilaterally, synchronously or by alternating between the two sides. Vocal fry-like dynamics therefore represent a common production mechanism for low-frequency sounds in songbirds. These results also illustrate that complex vibration patterns can emerge from the mechanical properties of the coupled sound generators in the syrinx. The use of vocal fry-like dynamics in the songbird syrinx extends the similarity to this unusual vocal register with mammalian sound production mechanisms.

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Grill, Magdalena, Isaac Lazzeri, Andrijana Kirsch, Nina Steurer, Tanja Grossmann, Michael Karbiener, Ellen Heitzer, and Markus Gugatschka. "Vocal Fold Fibroblasts in Reinke’s Edema Show Alterations Involved in Extracellular Matrix Production, Cytokine Response and Cell Cycle Control." Biomedicines 9, no. 7 (June 26, 2021): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9070735.

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The voice disorder Reinke’s edema (RE) is a smoking- and voice-abuse associated benign lesion of the vocal folds, defined by an edema of the Reinke’s space, accompanied by pathological microvasculature changes and immune cell infiltration. Vocal fold fibroblasts (VFF) are the main cell type of the lamina propria and play a key role in the disease progression. Current therapy is restricted to symptomatic treatment. Hence, there is an urgent need for a better understanding of the molecular causes of the disease. In the present study, we investigated differential expression profiles of RE and control VFF by means of RNA sequencing. In addition, fast gene set enrichment analysis (FGSEA) was performed in order to obtain involved biological processes, mRNA and protein levels of targets of interest were further evaluated. We identified 74 differentially regulated genes in total, 19 of which were upregulated and 55 downregulated. Differential expression analysis and FGSEA revealed upregulated genes and pathways involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, inflammation and fibrosis. Downregulated genes and pathways were involved in ECM degradation, cell cycle control and proliferation. The current study addressed for the first time a direct comparison of VFF from RE to control and evaluated immediate functional consequences.

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Hertegård, Stellan, Srinivasa Rao Nagubothu, Emma Malmström, Cecilia E. Ström, Anna Tolf, Lindsay C. Davies, and Katarina Le Blanc. "Hyaluronan Hydrogels for the Local Delivery of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to the Injured Vocal Fold." Stem Cells and Development 28, no. 17 (September 1, 2019): 1177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/scd.2019.0102.

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Johnston, Nikki, David Bulmer, Peter E. Ross, Sophie E. Axford, Gulnaz A. Gill, Jeffrey P. Pearson, Peter W. Dettmar, Marguerite Panetti, Massimo Pignatelli, and James A. Koufman. "Cell Biology of Laryngeal Epithelial Defenses in Health and Disease: Further Studies." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 112, no. 6 (June 2003): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940311200601.

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This is the second annual report of an international collaborative research group that is examining the cellular impact of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) on laryngeal epithelium. The results of clinical and experimental studies are presented. Carbonic anhydrase (CA), E-cadherin, and MUC gene expression were analyzed in patients with LPR, in controls, and in an in vitro model. In patients with LPR, we found decreased levels of CAIII in vocal fold epithelium and increased levels in posterior commissure epithelium. The experimental studies confirm that laryngeal CAIII is depleted in response to reflux. Also, cell damage does occur well above pH 4.0. In addition, E-cadherin (transmembrane cell surface molecules, which have a key function in epithelial cell adhesion) was not present in 37% of the LPR laryngeal specimens. In conclusion, the laryngeal epithelium lacks defenses comparable to those in esophageal epithelium, and these differences may contribute to the increased susceptibility of laryngeal epithelium to reflux-related injury.

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Clayman, Gary L., Rashmi Roy, and James Norman. "Human Amnion/Chorion Membrane May Reduce Transient Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury During Thyroid Surgery." Cell Transplantation 31 (January 2022): 096368972110731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09636897211073136.

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Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) damage is a significant and prevalent complication of thyroid surgery. Based on the beneficial role of a human amnion/chorion membrane (HACM) allograft in wound management and nerve regeneration, we investigated whether placement of a commercially available HACM allograft on dissected RLN could reduce the occurrence and/or duration of RLN injury during thyroidectomy. Among 67 patients undergoing thyroidectomy, 100 at-risk nerves (exposure of at least 3 cm of RLN) received intraoperative placement of HACM; 205 at-risk RLNs without HACM in 134 matched patients served as controls. Patient-reported vocal analysis, physician-assessed vocal analysis, and laryngoscopic assessment of vocal-fold dysfunction were performed before and after surgery. At 24 h after surgery, 17 patients in the control group (12.5%) had documented voice changes; these changes persisted for at least 3 weeks in seven patients (5%). Only one patient (1.5%) in the HACM group had vocal changes at 24 h after surgery, which resolved within 1 week ( P < 0.01). Intraoperative placement of the HACM allograft over at-risk RLNs during thyroidectomy may reduce the incidence, severity, and/or duration of intraoperative RLN injury, which could address a significant complication of head and neck surgery. A larger prospectively designed clinical study is warranted to further investigate a possible benefit of the HACM allograft in thyroid surgery and to begin to understand the mechanisms through which a clinical benefit might be mediated.

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Robertson, Daniel, Matías Zañartu, and Douglas Cook. "Comprehensive, Population-Based Sensitivity Analysis of a Two-Mass Vocal Fold Model." PLOS ONE 11, no. 2 (February 4, 2016): e0148309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148309.

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Welham, Nathan V., Masaru Yamashita, Seong Hee Choi, and Changying Ling. "Cross-Sample Validation Provides Enhanced Proteome Coverage in Rat Vocal Fold Mucosa." PLoS ONE 6, no. 3 (March 15, 2011): e17754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017754.

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Won, Ho-Ryun, Seung-Nam Jung, Min-Kyung Yeo, Shinae Yi, Lihua Liu, Mi Ae Lim, Chan Oh, et al. "Effect of Urban Particulate Matter on Vocal Fold Fibrosis through the MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18 (September 10, 2020): 6643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186643.

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Particulate matter (PM) is an environmental exposure factor that adversely affects human health. PM is a risk factor for various diseases. However, the mechanism by which PM affects the vocal folds (VF) has not yet been evaluated. Thus, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of PM on human vocal fold fibroblasts (hVFF) and the underlying signaling pathways. hVFF were isolated from human VF. The effect of PM on hVFF, and the underlying mechanism, were analyzed using Western blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry. In addition, a histological evaluation was performed in animal experiments. Cell proliferation decreased after the PM treatment. PM increased the expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PM-treated hVFF and subsequent activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways were confirmed. Furthermore, PM increased the expression of fibrosis-related markers and induced the accumulation of collagen in the extracellular matrix. As a result, PM exposure significantly enhances the inflammatory response on VF through the ROS-mediated activation of the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. In addition, PM promotes differentiation into myofibroblasts and induces fibrosis. These results suggest that PM triggers an inflammatory reaction through ROS production and causes VF fibrosis.

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Lee, Yi-Chieh, Yu-Cheng Pei, Yi-An Lu, Hsiu-Feng Chung, Hsueh-Yu Li, Li-Ang Lee, and Tuan-Jen Fang. "Long-Lasting Effect after Single Hyaluronate Injection for Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis: Does Concentration Matter?" Biomolecules 11, no. 11 (October 26, 2021): 1580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11111580.

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Background: Early injection laryngoplasty (EIL) using hyaluronic acid (HA) is an effective treatment for glottic insufficiency in patients with acute unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). Most patients benefit by showing improvement in voice and quality of life and implied reduced need for permanent laryngoplasty. However, injected HA might resolve within a short period, so its long-term outcomes and the need for secondary procedures need to be clarified. Methods: Patients who underwent EIL with HA for acute UVFP from January 2015 to December 2018 were included. The factors that may associate with the prognosis including voice performance and laryngeal configuration at presentation, the cause of UVFP, and the type of HA for EIL were analyzed. Results: Ninety-four patients were included for analysis, with a mean follow-up period of 25.1 months (95% CI: 22.8–27.4 months). After primary HA injection, 22 patients (23.4%) underwent secondary procedures (rate: 13.1% per person-year), and most (63.6%) of the events occurred after one year from the first injection. The rate of secondary procedures within the first 12 months was 9.0% (14.1% and 4.3% for low-concentrated HA (LHA) and high-concentrated HA (HHA), respectively). The incidence of the secondary procedures was higher in the LHA group (18.2%) (p = 0.026) than in the HHA group (7.5%). Conclusions: The rate of secondary procedures was lower than the prediction based on the resorption time of HA, a finding that could be partly accounted for by both natural nerve recovery and a long-lasting effect of EIL. EIL with HHA had a lower rate of re-treatment than that with LHA, suggesting a better clinical utility for acute UVFP.

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Lungova, Vlasta, Jamie M. Verheyden, Xin Sun, and Susan L. Thibeault. "β-Catenin signaling is essential for mammalian larynx recanalization and the establishment of vocal fold progenitor cells." Development 145, no. 4 (January 31, 2018): dev157677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.157677.

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Fukahori, Mioko, Shun-ichi Chitose, Kiminori Sato, Shintaro Sueyoshi, Takashi Kurita, Hirohito Umeno, Yu Monden, and Ryoji Yamakawa. "Regeneration of Vocal Fold Mucosa Using Tissue-Engineered Structures with Oral Mucosal Cells." PLOS ONE 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2016): e0146151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146151.

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Zhang, Zhaoyan, Liang Wu, Raluca Gray, and Dinesh K. Chhetri. "Three-dimensional vocal fold structural change due to implant insertion in medialization laryngoplasty." PLOS ONE 15, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): e0228464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228464.

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King, Renee E., Kevin Steed, Ana E. Rivera, Jonathan J. Wisco, and Susan L. Thibeault. "Magnetic resonance imaging quantification of dehydration and rehydration in vocal fold tissue layers." PLOS ONE 13, no. 12 (December 6, 2018): e0208763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208763.

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Toya, Yutaka, Napaporn Riabroy, Christopher R. Davis, Yo Kishimoto, Sherry A. Tanumihardjo, Diane M. Bless, and Nathan V. Welham. "Interspecies comparison of stellate cell-containing macula flavae and vitamin A storage in vocal fold mucosa." Journal of Anatomy 225, no. 3 (July 4, 2014): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joa.12211.

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Schützenberger, Anne, Melda Kunduk, Michael Döllinger, Christoph Alexiou, Denis Dubrovskiy, Marion Semmler, Anja Seger, and Christopher Bohr. "Laryngeal High-Speed Videoendoscopy: Sensitivity of Objective Parameters towards Recording Frame Rate." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4575437.

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The current use of laryngeal high-speed videoendoscopy in clinic settings involves subjective visual assessment of vocal fold vibratory characteristics. However, objective quantification of vocal fold vibrations for evidence-based diagnosis and therapy is desired, and objective parameters assessing laryngeal dynamics have therefore been suggested. This study investigated the sensitivity of the objective parameters and their dependence on recording frame rate. A total of 300 endoscopic high-speed videos with recording frame rates between 1000 and 15 000 fps were analyzed for a vocally healthy female subject during sustained phonation. Twenty parameters, representing laryngeal dynamics, were computed. Four different parameter characteristics were found: parameters showing no change with increasing frame rate; parameters changing up to a certain frame rate, but then remaining constant; parameters remaining constant within a particular range of recording frame rates; and parameters changing with nearly every frame rate. The results suggest that (1) parameter values are influenced by recording frame rates and different parameters have varying sensitivities to recording frame rate; (2) normative values should be determined based on recording frame rates; and (3) the typically used recording frame rate of 4000 fps seems to be too low to distinguish accurately certain characteristics of the human phonation process in detail.

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Xu, Chet C., and Ted Mau. "A tissue-specific, injectable acellular gel for the treatment of chronic vocal fold scarring." Acta Biomaterialia 99 (November 2019): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2019.08.025.

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Haderlein, Tino, Cornelia Schwemmle, Michael Döllinger, Václav Matoušek, Martin Ptok, and Elmar Nöth. "Automatic Evaluation of Voice Quality Using Text-Based Laryngograph Measurements and Prosodic Analysis." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/316325.

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Due to low intra- and interrater reliability, perceptual voice evaluation should be supported by objective, automatic methods. In this study, text-based, computer-aided prosodic analysis and measurements of connected speech were combined in order to model perceptual evaluation of the German Roughness-Breathiness-Hoarseness (RBH) scheme. 58 connected speech samples (43 women and 15 men;48.7±17.8years) containing the German version of the text “The North Wind and the Sun” were evaluated perceptually by 19 speech and voice therapy students according to the RBH scale. For the human-machine correlation, Support Vector Regression with measurements of the vocal fold cycle irregularities (CFx) and the closed phases of vocal fold vibration (CQx) of the Laryngograph and 33 features from a prosodic analysis module were used to model the listeners’ ratings. The best human-machine results for roughness were obtained from a combination of six prosodic features and CFx (r=0.71,ρ=0.57). These correlations were approximately the same as the interrater agreement among human raters (r=0.65,ρ=0.61). CQx was one of the substantial features of the hoarseness model. For hoarseness and breathiness, the human-machine agreement was substantially lower. Nevertheless, the automatic analysis method can serve as the basis for a meaningful objective support for perceptual analysis.

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Lim, Jae-Yol, Byung Hyune Choi, Songyi Lee, Yun Ho Jang, Jeong-Seok Choi, and Young-Mo Kim. "Regulation of Wound Healing by Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor after Vocal Fold Injury." PLoS ONE 8, no. 1 (January 25, 2013): e54256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054256.

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Rzepakowska, Anna, Michał Żurek, Jakub Grzybowski, Iwona Kotula, Paweł Pihowicz, Barbara Górnicka, Urszula Demkow, and Kazimierz Niemczyk. "Serum and tissue expression of neuropilin 1 in precancerous and malignant vocal fold lesions." PLOS ONE 15, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): e0239550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239550.

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Chen, Xia, and Susan L. Thibeault. "Biocompatibility of a synthetic extracellular matrix on immortalized vocal fold fibroblasts in 3-D culture." Acta Biomaterialia 6, no. 8 (August 2010): 2940–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2010.01.032.

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Konopecka, Vita, Mara Pilmane, Dins Sumerags, and Gunta Sumeraga. "Distribution and Appearance of Ki-67, IL-1α, IL-10, and PGP 9.5 in Reinke’s Oedema-Affected Larynx Tissue Compared with Control Tissue." Life 11, no. 12 (December 10, 2021): 1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11121379.

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Smoking, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and vocal fold abuse can promote the development of Reinke’s oedema, leading to vocal fold dysfunction and injury. The aim of the work was to investigate the appearance and distribution of proliferation marker Ki-67 (Ki-67), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α), and protein gene peptide 9.5 (PGP 9.5) in Reinke’s oedema-affected larynx tissue. Methods: A routine histological and immunohistochemical Reinke’s oedema and control group patient analysis was conducted. We used the biotin–streptavidin biochemical method to detect Ki-67, IL-10, IL-1α, and PGP 9.5 The semiquantitative grading method was used to evaluate immunoreactive cells’ appearance and local distribution. A Mann–Whitney U test and Spearman’s rank coefficient were performed. Results: A low positive correlation between IL-1α epithelial and subepithelial immunoreactive cells in the patient group was found. Mann–Whitney U tests revealed significant patient and control group immunoreactive marker differences. All examined markers showed a higher number of immunoreactive structures in the patient group. Conclusions: Intensive proliferation of the surface epithelium was observed in patient tissues. The notable increase in IL-10 positive structures indicates the dominant anti-inflammatory tissue response. An increased number of IL-1α structures in the larynx epithelium and subepithelium in the patient group is linked to inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodelling. The PGP 9.5 expression increase is involved in the morphopathogenesis of Reinke’s oedema.

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Mohad, Vidisha, Vlasta Lungova, Jamie Verheyden, and Susan L. Thibeault. "Inactivation of Lats1 and Lats2 highlights the role of hippo pathway effector YAP in larynx and vocal fold epithelium morphogenesis." Developmental Biology 473 (May 2021): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.01.012.

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Gugatschka, Markus, Barbara Darnhofer, Tanja Grossmann, Matthias Schittmayer, David Hortobagyi, Andrijana Kirsch, Eva Karpf, Luka Brcic, Ruth Birner-Gruenberger, and Michael Karbiener. "Proteomic Analysis of Vocal Fold Fibroblasts Exposed to Cigarette Smoke Extract: Exploring the Pathophysiology of Reinke's Edema." Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 18, no. 8 (May 22, 2019): 1511–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/mcp.ra119.001272.

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Cannes do Nascimento, Naila, Andrea P. dos Santos, M. Preeti Sivasankar, and Abigail Cox. "Unraveling the molecular pathobiology of vocal fold systemic dehydration using an in vivo rabbit model." PLOS ONE 15, no. 7 (July 31, 2020): e0236348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236348.

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Hu, Rong, Wei Ling, Wen Xu, and Demin Han. "Fibroblast-Like Cells Differentiated from Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Vocal Fold Wound Healing." PLoS ONE 9, no. 3 (March 24, 2014): e92676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092676.

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Nawka, Tadeus, Markus Gugatschka, Jan-Constantin Kölmel, Andreas Harald Müller, Berit Schneider-Stickler, Svetlana Yaremchuk, Maria Grosheva, et al. "Therapy of bilateral vocal fold paralysis: Real world data of an international multi-center registry." PLOS ONE 14, no. 4 (April 29, 2019): e0216096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216096.

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