Relevant bibliographies by topics / VOC (Volatile organic compounds)

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Academic literature on the topic 'VOC (Volatile organic compounds)'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "VOC (Volatile organic compounds)"

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Fons, Françoise, Didier Froissard, Jean-Marie Bessière, Bruno Buatois, and Sylvie Rapior. "Biodiversity of Volatile Organic Compounds from Five French Ferns." Natural Product Communications 5, no. 10 (October 2010): 1934578X1000501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1000501028.

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Five French ferns belonging to different families were investigated for volatile organic compounds (VOC) by GC-MS using organic solvent extraction. Fifty-five VOC biosynthesized from the shikimic, lipidic and terpenic pathways including monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and carotenoid-type compounds were identified. The main volatile compound of Adiantum Capillus-Veneris L. (Pteridaceae) was ( E)-2-decenal with a plastic or “stink bug” odor. The volatile profiles of Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth (Woodsiaceae) and Blechnum spicant (L.) Roth (Blechnaceae) showed similarities, with small amounts of isoprenoids and the same main volatile compounds, i.e., 2-phenylethanal (odor of lilac and hyacinth) and 1-octen-3-ol (mushroom-like odor). The main volatile compound of Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott (Dryopteridaceae) was ( E)-nerolidol with a woody or fresh bark note. Polyketides, as acylfilicinic acids, were mainly identified in this fern. Oreopteris limbosperma (Bellardi ex. All.) J. Holub (Thelypteridaceae), well-known for its lemon smell, contained the highest biodiversity of VOC. Eighty percent of the volatiles was issued from the terpenic pathway. The main volatiles were ( E)-nerolidol, α-terpineol, β-caryophyllene and other minor monoterpenes (for example, linalool, pinenes, limonene, and γ-terpinen-7-al). It was also the fern with the highest number of carotenoid-type derivatives, which were identified in large amounts. Our results were of great interest underlying new industrial valorisation for ferns based on their broad spectrum of volatiles.
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Jergl, Zdeněk. "Long-term VOC emissions emitted by furniture parts." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 55, no. 1 (2007): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200755010065.

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The contribution refers to the problems of long-lasting emissions of VOC (volatile organic compounds) emitted from surface finishing furniture components. Furniture is one of the sources of VOC (volatile organic compounds) in living and working environment. By long-lasting affecting on a human body, higher emission concentrations of VOC in interior can cause health problems.Time is a significant factor influencing the number of VOC (volatile organic compounds) emitted from surface finishing furniture components. The number of long-term emissions was examined in particular phases of production of furniture components.The comparison was focused on a difference in surface finishing of furniture components with water-diluted materials and solvent lacquer materials.The compound of water-diluted materials and solvent lacquer materials has an effect of a quantity of emitted VOC.The quantitative and qualitative determination of VOC emissions from lacquer materials is the result of the carried out analyses.
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Apriyanto, Donni Kis, and Mitrayana Mitrayana. "SERAPAN SENYAWA ORGANIK VOLATIL SEBAGAI BIOMARKER PENYAKIT KANKER PARU: SUATU MINI REVIEW." Biomedika 12, no. 2 (August 30, 2020): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/biomedika.v12i2.10114.

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ABSTRAKUlasan ini merupakan hasil studi literatur yang memberikan tinjauan umum serapan senyawa-senyawa organik volatil yang dianggap sebagai biomarker kanker paru. Senyawa-senyawa ini dapat menyerap pada panjang gelombang tertentu. Senyawa-senyawa organik volatil yang teridentifikasi didaftar dan dijabarkan panjang gelombang yang dapat mereka serap. Studi literatur ini menyajikan kelompok senyawa-senyawa organik volatil dapat menyerap pada rentang panjang gelombang inframerah. Hasil ulasan ini mungkin dapat bermanfaat untuk pengembangan skrinning kanker paru dengan menggunakan alat spektroskopi fotoakustik yang menggunakan sumber laser pada rentang panjang gelombang inframerah atau ultraviolet dengan memanfaatkan serapan panjang gelombang oleh senyawa-senyawa tertentu.Keyword: Biomarker Kanker Paru,Senyawa Organik Volatil, Spektroskopi ABSTRACTThis review is the result of a literature study that provides a general collection of volatile organic compounds (VOC) which are considered as markers for lung cancer. These compounds can absorb certain long waves. The volatile organic compounds identified are listed and described in wavelengths that they can absorb. Literature studies that produce volatile organic compounds in the analysis wavelength range. The results of this review may be useful for the development of lung cancer screening by photoacoustic spectroscopic devices that use laser sources in the range of infrared or ultraviolet wavelengths by utilizing wavelength absorb by certain compounds.Keyword: Lung Cancer Biomarker, Volatile Organic Compounds, Spectroscopy
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Kornilova, Anna, Lin Huang, Marina Saccon, and Jochen Rudolph. "Stable carbon isotope ratios of ambient aromatic volatile organic compounds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 18 (September 21, 2016): 11755–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11755-2016.

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Abstract. Measurements of mixing ratios and stable carbon isotope ratios of aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the atmosphere were made in Toronto (Canada) in 2009 and 2010. Consistent with the kinetic isotope effect for reactions of aromatic VOC with the OH radical the observed stable carbon isotope ratios are on average significantly heavier than the isotope ratios of their emissions. The change of carbon isotope ratio between emission and observation is used to determine the extent of photochemical processing (photochemical age, ∫ [OH]dt) of the different VOC. It is found that ∫ [OH]dt of different VOC depends strongly on the VOC reactivity. This demonstrates that for this set of observations the assumption of a uniform ∫ [OH]dt for VOC with different reactivity is not justified and that the observed values for ∫ [OH]dt are the result of mixing of VOC from air masses with different values for ∫ [OH]dt. Based on comparison between carbon isotope ratios and VOC concentration ratios it is also found that the varying influence of sources with different VOC emission ratios has a larger impact on VOC concentration ratios than photochemical processing. It is concluded that for this data set the use of VOC concentration ratios to determine ∫ [OH]dt would result in values for ∫ [OH]dt inconsistent with carbon isotope ratios and that the concept of a uniform ∫ [OH]dt for an air mass has to be replaced by the concept of individual values of an average ∫ [OH]dt for VOC with different reactivity.
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Suschka, Jan, Bozena Mrowiec, and Grazyna Kuszmider. "Volatile organic compounds (VOC) at some sewage treatment plants in Poland." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 12 (June 1, 1996): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0348.

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Volatile organic compounds have been measured at two relatively large sewage treatment plants. Quantitative estimation of benzene, toluene, m.p-xylene, o-xylene and isopropylbenzene have been made for raw sewage, sewage after primary treatment and after biological treatment. Also measurements of 14 different volatile organic compounds in the ambient air, close to screens, and the air above (0.5 m above) aeration tanks have been done. Tests on air stripping of added volatile organic compounds to clean water have been performed in parallel in the laboratory. The removal of examined VOCs in full scale treatment plants was very much below the expected level. In the low loaded activated sludge process the removal was between 2 and 56%, depending on the compound considered. The behavior of volatile organic compounds in laboratory tests was very much different. The concentration of VOCs in the air of rooms where bar racks have been installed was found to be very high. The concentration of toluene in the ambient air could be as high as 460 μg/m3.
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Yu, Man, Shao Peng Wu, Mei Zhu Chen, and Hong Hua Zhang. "Evaluation of Volatile Organic Compounds from Asphalt Using UV-Visible Spectrometer." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 432–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.432.

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In order to evaluate volatile organic compounds (VOC) from asphalt, this paper explored to use ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS) as the detection method of VOC. 288nm wavelength was selected as the characteristic absorption wavelength of VOC, finding that VOC quality and its absorbance value showed a good linear relationship which could be the basis for evaluation in this research. Experiments were carried out under different conditions, results of which showed that VOC emission was related to temperatures and asphalt specimens. Moreover, VOC emission increased with increasing temperatures. Results under non-high temperatures conditions showed that VOC emission during its service process should not be ignored.
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Álvarez-García, Samuel, Sara Mayo-Prieto, Guzmán Carro-Huerga, Álvaro Rodríguez-González, Óscar González-López, Santiago Gutiérrez, and Pedro A. Casquero. "Volatile Organic Compound Chamber: A Novel Technology for Microbiological Volatile Interaction Assays." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7040248.

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The interest in the study of microbiological interactions mediated by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has steadily increased in the last few years. Nevertheless, most assays still rely on the use of non-specific materials. We present a new tool, the volatile organic compound chamber (VOC chamber), specifically designed to perform these experiments. The novel devices were tested using four Trichoderma strains against Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. We demonstrate that VOC chambers provide higher sensitivity and selectivity between treatments and higher homogeneity of results than the traditional method. VOC chambers are also able to test both vented and non-vented conditions. We prove that ventilation plays a very important role regarding volatile interactions, up to the point that some growth-inhibitory effects observed in closed environments switch to promoting ones when tested in vented conditions. This promoting activity seems to be related to the accumulation of squalene by T. harzianum. The VOC chambers proved to be an easy, homogeneous, flexible, and repeatable method, able to better select microorganisms with high biocontrol activity and to guide the future identification of new bioactive VOCs and their role in microbial interactions.
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Kratt, Lothar, and Johannes Münz. "UV-Licht gegen VOC." UmweltMagazin 51, no. 05-06 (2021): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/0173-363x-2021-05-06-12.

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Liu, Yu, Jun Shen, and Xiao Dong Zhu. "Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions of Particleboards in Response to Processing Parameters." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 943–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.943.

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The purpose of this study is to reveal the concentration variations of VOC concentrations of larch particleboards with different processing parameters. The mat moisture content (MC), panel type and density were chosen as the influencing factors to investigate the VOC emissions after processing, and consequently provide basic guideline for the selection of processing parameters of particleboards to control the pollutants. 1m3 environmental chamber and portable VOC monitor were used for VOC sampling and analysis. The results showed that these factors had significant impact on VOC concentrations. The increase of MC, board panel and density had a positive effect on VOC emissions. With the MC and board density various in the ranges from 6%-14% and 0.60-0.80 g·cm-3, the TVOC concentrations increased 42.6% and 74.7% separately. The three layers particleboard had the higher concentration than the single layer particleboard.
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Sun, Shi Jing, and Jun Shen. "Study on Reducing the Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions from Different Processing Particleboards." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 1101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1101.

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The aim of this paper is to study on how to control VOC emissions from wood-based panel manufacturing. Total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) emissions from larch particleboard under different processing conditions were collected by an environmental chamber. VOC samples were prepared by desiccator, adsorbed by activated carbon, desorpted with Methylene dichloride and measured by GC/MS. The result showed that the optimal process parameters were single-layer structure, moisture content of 6%, density of 0.60 g•cm-3, thickness of 8mm, resin content of 7%, hot-pressing time of 4min.TVOC increased with board density going up，hot-pressing time increasing, moisture content and resin content rising. The predominant compounds emissions from the particleboards are aromatic compound and hydrocarbon. 24 kinds of compounds were identified from the standard board. With hydrocarbon decreasing, aromatic VOC type increased.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "VOC (Volatile organic compounds)"

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Granström, Karin. "Emissions of volatile organic compounds from wood." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, fysik och matematik, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-2327.

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The central aim of this thesis is to support the efforts to counteract certain environmental problems caused by emissions of volatile organic compounds. The purpose of this work was (1) to develop a method to establish the amount of emitted substances from dryers, (2) to determine the effect of drying medium temperature and end moisture content of the processed material on emissions of monoterpenes and other hydrocarbons, (3) to examine the emissions of monoterpenes during production of pellets, and (4) to examine the natural emissions from forests with an eye to implications for modelling. The measurement method (1) resolves the difficulties caused by diffuse emissions, and also solves the problems associated with high moisture content of the drying medium. The basic idea is to use water vapour to determine the exhaust flow, while a dry ice trap is used both to preconcentrate emitted volatile organic compounds and to determine the moisture content of the drying medium. The method as used in this paper has an uncertainty of 13% using a 95% confidence interval. Emissions from a spouted bed (2) in continuous operation drying Norway spruce sawdust at temperatures of 140°C, 170°C or 200°C was analysed with FID and GC-MS. When the sawdust end moisture content was reduced below 10%wb, emissions of terpenes and volatile organic compounds per oven dry weight increased rapidly. Increased temperature of the drying medium increased the amounts of emitted monoterpenes when sawdust moisture content was below the fibre saturation point. Examination of sawdust and wood pellets from different pellets producers (3) revealed that most of the terpene emissions happened during the drying step, with rotary dryers causing higher emissions than steam dryers. Almost all of the volatile terpenes remaining in wood after drying were released during pelleting. When sawdust with higher moisture content was used in the pellets press, the terpene emissions were increased. Terpenes emitted naturally from vegetation can have an adverse environmental impact. Factors affecting terpene emissions from tree species in Sweden were reviewed (4). Models for prediction of terpene fluxes should include not only temperature but also light intensity, seasonal variation, and a base level of herbivory and insect predation. Prediction of high concentrations of ambient terpenes demand sufficient resolution to capture emission peaks e.g. those caused by bud break.
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Hunter, Paige Holt. "Control of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Air Pollutants." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38614.

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A variety of methods exist to remove volatile organic compound (VOC) air pollutants from contaminated gas streams. As regulatory and public opinion pressures increase, companies are searching for more effective methods to control these emissions. This document is intended as a guide to help determine if existing systems are adequate and to provide additional information to improve the efficiency of the systems. It explores conventional methods of controlling VOC emissions, as well as innovative technologies including membrane separation, plasma destruction, and ozone catalytic oxidation. The conventional technologies covered include condensation, adsorption, absorption (or scrubbing), thermal incineration, flaring, catalytic incineration, and biofiltration. Each chapter includes a description of the technology, a discussion of the types of systems available, notes on the design of the system, economic estimates, an explanation of potential problems, and a list of considerations for installation and maintenance concerns. The final chapter is dedicated to the preparation and characterization of metal catalysts which were developed to improve the reaction rate of VOCs using ozone as an oxidant.
Ph. D.
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Koziel, Jacek Adam. "VOC emissions from municipal sewers : hot spots /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Ye, Xuejun. "Selected topics on VOC photocatalysis." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2003. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3141458.

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Liu, Zhe. "Developing Reference Materials for VOC, Formaldehyde and SVOC Emissions Testing." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77053.

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) constitute important classes of indoor contaminants. Emissions of VOCs and SVOCs from myriad building materials and consumer products cause high indoor concentrations with health risks that may be orders-of-magnitude greater than outdoors. The need to control VOC and SVOC emissions from interior materials and thereby reduce indoor concentrations is made more urgent by the prevailing drive for air-tight, energy efficient buildings. To develop low-emission products, emission rates are usually measured in emission chambers. However, there are three significant problems associated with chamber tests: (1) VOC emissions testing procedures of individual laboratories are frequently subject to error and uncertainty; (2) SVOC emissions testing in chambers is extremely difficult and time-consuming, and also subject to error and uncertainty; and (3) chamber tests provide little insight into the mechanisms controlling emissions. This research aimed to solve these problems by developing reference materials for VOC and SVOC emissions testing. Formaldehyde was studied separately from other VOCs because of its unusual properties. Emission mechanisms, and the related modeling approaches for predicting emissions, were investigated by reviewing the literature and performing chamber studies. Based on the internally controlled VOC and formaldehyde emission mechanisms, diffusion-controlled reference materials, which mimic real sources, were created for VOCs and formaldehyde. Approaches for developing externally controlled reference materials for SVOC emissions testing were also explored. Appropriate mechanistic models can predict the true emission rates of the reference materials and therefore provide reference values to validate emissions testing results and certify procedures of individual laboratories. The potential of a solid phase microextraction (SPME) method was also evaluated and found to be a promising technique that can be used in chamber tests to simplify and improve sampling and analytical procedures.T his research elucidates the mass-transfer mechanisms of VOC and SVOC emissions and provides practical approaches for developing reference materials for emissions testing. The fundamental understanding and methodological advances will enhance indoor air quality science, improve the emissions testing industry, and provide a sound basis on which to develop standards and regulations.
Ph. D.
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Cox, Steven Scott. "Modeling Diffusion-Controlled Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Building Materials." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27152.

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The adverse effects of contaminated outdoor air have been recognized and subject to control for many years. More recently environmental engineers and health professionals have become cognizant of the hazards associated with contaminated indoor air. It is now understood that contaminated indoor air negatively impacts human health, worker productivity, and physical property. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a common class of indoor air pollutants. Building materials such as treated wood, pressed-wood products, wallboard, sealants, adhesives, floor coverings, and paints can be sources of VOC emissions. The knowledge-base necessary to develop effective solutions to indoor air quality problems requires an understanding of the emissions behavior of indoor materials. Environmental chambers are often utilized to characterize indoor material as sources of VOC emissions to indoor air. Chamber studies, although expensive and time consuming, can be utilized to provide estimates of the rates at which a particular material emits VOCs under a specific set of environmental conditions. By fitting curves to emissions data obtained through chamber studies, VOC emissions models have been constructed. These models are frequently empirical and as a consequence, 1) apply only to the specific material and environmental conditions investigated, 2) provide little understanding of the source/sink characteristics of the material, and 3) provide little knowledge of the mass transfer processes governing emissions behavior. As a result, our understanding of the mechanisms that control VOC emissions from indoor materials remains rudimentary. Physically-based models that describe the emissions characteristics of building materials would greatly facilitate the process of improving indoor air quality. Evidence exists suggesting well-established fundamental mass transfer mechanisms govern emissions from indoor materials. Of the various mechanisms governing emissions behaviors, diffusion appears to be one of the most significant. The primary objective of this research was to demonstrate that the VOC emissions source behavior of a diffusion-controlled homogenous building material could be predicted using a mechanistic mathematical model. A commercial grade sheet vinyl flooring (VF) was selected for study because VF is present in many residential and commercial buildings, is relatively homogenous, and has been shown to emit hazardous organic chemicals. If successful, this research would demonstrate that the proposed strategy could be generalized to other VOC sources using appropriately constructed mathematical models. Satisfying the research objective required development of a physically-based model to predict gas-phase VOC concentrations resulting from exposure to a diffusion-controlled material. Key parameters for this model are the solid-phase diffusion coefficient, D; the solid/air partition coefficient, K; and the initial solid-phase VOC concentration, C0. D and K have been previously quantified for only a few indoor materials and methods for determining C0 are rudimentary. Therefore, this research project required development and execution of methods for quantifying D, K, and C0. D and K were quantified using a recording microbalance. C0 was evaluated using a new technique of cryogenic milling followed by fluidized bed desorption. The model was validated by exposing a VF sample in an environmental chamber and directly measuring gas-phase VOC concentrations resulting from mass transfer from the solid material. Further model validation was achieved by directly measuring the VOC concentration profiles after exposure in environmental chambers. Because the key model parameters were quantified independently of chamber studies, the model validation process provided a rigorous test of the validity of the mass transfer model in particular and of the source characterization strategy in general. The results of this research contribute to our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that govern emissions of VOCs from vinyl flooring and provide a sound theoretical foundation for characterization of a wide range of other sources of indoor VOCs. This understanding could facilitate product reformulation strategies aimed at preventing or reducing indoor air contamination. Mass transfer models could also be utilized to develop standards for the environmental performance of indoor materials. The proposed approach will prove useful in conjunction with broader studies on sick building syndrome to identify sources that may have a critical impact on the health and comfort of building occupants.
Ph. D.
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Kumar, Deept. "Modeling Diffusion-Controlled Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds From Layered Building Materials." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33684.

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Building materials are a major source of indoor air contaminants. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an important class of contaminants prevalent in indoor air. Attempts have been made to model the emission of VOCs from building materials. Diffusion has been shown to control the rate of mass transfer within certain types of building materials. The primary objective of this research is to develop a fundamental diffusion-based model for single and double layer building materials. The single-layer model considers a slab of material located on the floor of a chamber or room with the material acting either as a source or a sink for VOCs. The behavior of the model is governed by the material phase diffusion coefficient (D), the material/air partition coefficient (K), the concentration of VOC in the influent air stream, and the initial concentration within the material phase. The single-layer model extends a previously developed version, incorporating the non-uniform initial concentration inside the building material and a transient influent concentration. Experimental work is performed to check the validity of the model. A steel chamber housing a piece of vinyl flooring is used to simulate building material within a room. D and K values for two representative VOCs, n-dodecane and phenol, are available from earlier experiments. These parameters are used in the model to predict the VOC concentration inside the chamber. The predicted values compare very well to the observed experimental data. A double layer version of the model is developed and studied from a theoretical perspective. The model also permits a time dependent influent concentration and a non-uniform initial concentration profile within each of the two layers. A parametric analysis is performed varying the ratio of the diffusion coefficients, the partition coefficients and the thickness of the two layers. Three cases of practical interest are studied using the double-layer model. The use of a thin low-permeability barrier layer placed on top of a building material is shown to hold considerable promise for reducing the emission rate of VOCs into indoor air.
Master of Science
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Cheung, William Hon Kit. "Metabolic profiling of volatile organic compounds and enhanced vibrational spectroscopy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/metabolic-profiling-of-volatile-organic-compounds-and-enhanced-vibrational-spectroscopy(adcff7c7-96e3-4b5a-8d77-4a943b75f211).html.

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Metabolomics is a post genomic field of research concerned with the study of low molecular weight compounds within a biological system permitting the investigation of the metabolite differences between natural and perturbed systems (such as cells, organs and tissues). Rapid identification and discrimination of biological samples based upon metabolic differences and physiological status in microbiology, mammalian systems (particularly for disease diagnosis), plants and food science is highly desirable. Volatile organic compound (VOC) profiling is a novel area of research where the composition of the VOCs emitted by the biological samples can be correlated to its origin and physiological status. The aim of this project was to investigate the applicability of VOC profiling as a potential complementary tool within metabolomics.In this project the discrimination of bacteria using a novel gas phase separation method was investigated and the development of VOC-based profiling tools for the collections of VOCs emitted from biological samples was also studied. The optimisation and validation of a high throughput method for VOC analysis was achieved and this was used to assess wound healing.VOC metabolite profiling was further extended to the discrimination of S. typhimurium contaminated meat; the study was conducted in parallel with metabolite profiling analysis for the analysis of non-volatile small molecules. Finally, enhanced vibrational spectroscopic techniques were applied to the characterisation and screening of dye molecules in contaminated foodstuffs using Raman spectroscopy. This thesis clearly demonstrates that VOC metabolic profiling is a complementary tool within the metabolomics toolbox, one of its great attractions is that it permits the characterisation of biological samples in a rapid and non-invasive manner. The technique provides detailed chemical information regarding the VOC composition present above the headspace of the sample and can be used to understand its physiological status and biological origin. VOCs metabolite profiling will become a valuable tool for non-invasive analysis of many biological systems. Raman spectroscopy is a sensitive and non-destructive technique which can generate detailed chemical and structural information regarding the analyte under investigation with little or no sample preparation needed. The effect of the weak Raman signal can be significantly amplified by coupling the analyte molecule to surfaces of nanoparticles and demonstrated that it is ideal for analysing aqueous dye solutions in a quantitative manner.
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Navaei, Milad. "Integration of a micro-gas chromatography system for detection of volatile organic compounds." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53924.

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The focus of this dissertation is on the design and micro-fabrication of an all silicon gas chromatography column with a novel two dimensional resistive heater and on its integration with an ultra-low power Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD) for fast separation and detection of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC). The major limitations of the current MEMS-GC column are: direct bonding of silicon to silicon, and peak band broadening due to slow temperature programming. As part of this thesis, a new gold eutectic-fusion bonding technique is developed to improve the sealing of the column. Separation of BETX, alkane mixture and VOCs were demonstrated with the MEMS GC column. The time and power required to ramp and sustain the column’s temperature are very high for the current GC columns. To reduce the time required to separate the compounds, a new temperature gradient programming heating method was developed to generate temperature gradients along the length of the column. This novel heating method refocuses eluding bands and counteracts some of the chromatographic band spreading due to diffusion resulting in an improved separation performance. A low power TCD was packaged and tested in a GC by comparison against FID for the detection of a mixture of VOCs. It demonstrated low power operation of a few milliwatts and a very fast response. The MEMS-GC was also demonstrated for rapid detection of the VOC gases released by pathogenic species of Armillaria fungus.
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Wang, Miao. "Study of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the cloudy atmosphere : air/droplet partitioning of VOC." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC080.

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Les composés organiques volatils (COV), les hydrocarbures saturés, insaturés et autres hydrocarbures substitués, jouent un rôle majeur dans la chimie atmosphérique. Ils sont principalement émis par des sources anthropiques et biogéniques dans l'atmosphère; ils sont également transformés in situ par des réactions chimiques, et plus spécifiquement par photo-oxydation conduisant à la formation d'ozone (O3) et d'aérosol organique secondaire (SOA). En modifiant la fraction organique des particules d'aérosol, les COV modifient l'équilibre radiatif de la Terre par un effet direct (absorption et diffusion du rayonnement solaire) ou par un effet indirect en altérant les propriétés microphysiques des nuages. Ils présentent également un effet direct sur la santé humaine et l'environnement. Au cours de leur transport atmosphérique, les COV et leurs produits d'oxydation, les composés organiques volatils oxygénés (OVOC), peuvent se répartir entre les phases gazeuses et aqueuses en fonction de leur solubilité. Les nuages ​​ont un effet significatif sur la chimie troposphérique en redistribuant les traces de constituants entre les phases et en fournissant de l'eau liquide dans laquelle la chimie de la phase aqueuse peut avoir lieu. En effet, pendant la durée de vie des nuages, les composés chimiques et notamment les COV se transforment efficacement car les nuages ​​favorisent le développement d'une «chimie multiphasique». Cette dernière présente plusieurs particularités. Premièrement, les processus photochimiques à l'intérieur des gouttelettes sont importants dans la transformation des composés chimiques. Deuxièmement, les réactions chimiques aqueuses sont efficaces et peuvent être plus rapides que les réactions équivalentes en phase gazeuse. Cela peut être lié à la présence d'oxydants puissants tels que le peroxyde d'hydrogène H2O2 ou les ions métalliques de transition (TMI), qui participent à la formation de radicaux tels que les radicaux hydroxyles (HO •) qui favorisent les processus d'oxydation. De plus, la présence de micro-organismes viables a été mise en évidence et a montré sa participation aux transformations des espèces chimiques. Enfin, ces transformations dans les nuages ​​sont également fortement perturbées par des processus microphysiques qui contrôlent la formation, la durée de vie et dissipation des nuages. Ces processus redistribueront les espèces chimiques entre les différents réservoirs (eau de nuages, pluie, phase particulaire, phase gazeuse et phase de glace solide). Dans ce cadre, la transformation des COV dans le milieu nuageux peut conduire à la production de composés secondaires contribuant à la formation de SOA, appelés «nuage aqSOA». Cette masse d'aérosol organique secondaire produite pendant la durée de vie du nuage pourrait expliquer en partie l'ubiquité des petits acides dicarboxyliques et céto et des composés de haut poids moléculaire mesurés dans les particules d'aérosol, l'eau de brouillard, l'eau de nuage ou l'eau de pluie à de nombreux endroits, car ils n'ont ni sources d'émission directe ni aucune source importante identifiée en phase gazeuse. Cette masse d'aqSOA reste en phase particulaire après évaporation des nuages ​​impliquant une modification des propriétés (micro) physiques et chimiques des particules d'aérosol (taille des particules, composition chimique, morphologie). Ceci conduit à des modifications de leurs impacts sur les cycles consécutifs de nuages ​​ou de brouillard (effets indirects des aérosols) et de leurs interactions avec les rayonnements entrants par diffusion / absorption (effet direct des aérosols). (...)
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), including saturated, unsaturated, and other substituted hydrocarbons, play a major role in atmospheric chemistry. They are primarily emitted by anthropogenic and biogenic sources into the atmosphere; they are also transformed in situ by chemical reactions, and more specifically, by photo-oxidation leading to the formation of ozone (O3) and Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA). By altering the organic fraction of aerosol particles, VOC modify the Earth’s radiative balance through a direct effect (absorption and scattering of solar radiation) or through indirect effect by altering cloud microphysical properties. They also present a direct effect on human health and on the environment.During their atmospheric transport, VOC and their oxidation products, Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds (OVOC), may partition between the gaseous and aqueous phases depending on their solubility. Clouds have a significant effect on tropospheric chemistry by redistributing trace constituents between phases and by providing liquid water in which aqueous phase chemistry can take place. Indeed, during the cloud lifetime, chemical compounds and particularly VOC are efficiently transformed since clouds favor the development of complex “multiphase chemistry”. The latter presents several particularities. First, photochemical processes inside the droplets are important in the transformation of chemical compounds. Second, aqueous chemical reactions are efficient and can be faster than the equivalent reactions in the gas phase. This can be related to the presence of strong oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide H2O2 or Transition Metal Ions (TMI), which participate in the formation of radicals such as hydroxyl radicals (HO•) that favor oxidation processes. Furthermore, the presence of viable microorganisms has been highlighted and shown to participate in transformations of the chemical species. Finally, these transformations in clouds are also strongly perturbed by microphysical processes that control formation, lifetime and dissipation of clouds. These processes will redistribute the chemical species between the different reservoirs (cloud water, rain, particle phase, gaseous phase, and solid ice phase). In this frame, the transformation of VOC in the cloud medium can lead to the production of secondary compounds contributing to SOA formation, reported as “cloud aqSOA”. This secondary organic aerosol mass produced during the cloud lifetime could explain in part the ubiquity of small dicarboxylic and keto acids and high molecular-weight compounds measured in aerosol particles, fog water, cloud water, or rainwater at many locations, as they have neither substantial direct emission sources nor any identified important source in the gas phase. This aqSOA mass stays in the particle phase after cloud evaporation implying a modification of the (micro)physical and chemical properties of aerosol particles (particle size, chemical composition, morphology). This leads to modifications of their impacts on consecutive cloud or fog cycles (aerosol indirect effects) and of their interactions with incoming radiation by scattering/absorbing (aerosol direct effect). (...)
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Books on the topic "VOC (Volatile organic compounds)"

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Washington (State). Division of Drinking Water., ed. Volatile organic chemical (VOC) sampling procedure. [Olympia, Wash.]: Washington State Dept. of Health, Environmental Health Programs, Division of Drinking Water, 2003.

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A, LaFlam Gregory, United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Control Technology Center, and United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, eds. Beyond VOC RACT CTG requirements. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 1995.

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Massachusetts. Dept. of Environmental Protection. Office of Technical Assistance. VOC reduction at Hampden Papers. Boston, Mass.]: Office of Technical Assistance, Executive Office of Environmental Affairs, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, [1991?, 1991.

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Sangyōkyoku, Japan Kyūshū Keizai. Kyūshū chiiki ni okeru kihatsusei yūki kagōbutsu (VOC) no haishutsu jittai chōsa hōkokusho. Fukuoka-shi: Kyūshū Keizai Sangyōkyoku, 2007.

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Kyōgikai, Nihon Sangyō Senjō. Kihatsusei yūki kagōbutsu (VOC) haishutsu yokusei dōnyū shien ni kakaru kentō gyōmu hōkokusho: Heisei 22-nendo. [Tokyo]: Nihon Sangyō Senjō Kyōgikai, 2011.

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Sangyōkyoku, Japan Kantō Keizai. Kantō Keizai Sangyōkyoku kannai ni okeru kihatsusei yūki kagōbutsu (VOC) no haishutsu yokusei no tame no chōsa hōkokusho. Saitama-shi: Kantō Keizai Sangyōkyoku, 2009.

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Sentā, Kankyō Jōhō Kagaku. Kihatsusei yūki kagōbutsu (VOC) ni kakaru kankyō hairyo seihin tō no fukyū keihatsu ni kakaru chōsa hōkokusho: Heisei 18-nendo. [Tōkyō-to Chiyoda-ku]: Kankyō Jōhō Kagaku Sentā, 2007.

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Massachusetts. Dept. of Environmental Protection. Office of Technical Assistance. VOC and freon reduction at Galileo Electro-Optics Corporation. Boston, Mass.]: Office of Technical Assistance, Executive Office of Environmental Affairs, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1991.

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Louisiana. Dept. of Environmental Quality., ed. 15% VOC reduction: Reasonable further progress plan. Baton Rouge: The Department, 1993.

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Kankyōshō, Japan. VOC kan'i sokutei gijutsu bun'ya. Tōkyō: Kankyōshō, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "VOC (Volatile organic compounds)"

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Jaecker-Voirol, A. "VOC: Volatile Organic Compounds." In Pollutants from Combustion, 241–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4249-6_12.

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Jianyin, Xiong, and Shaodan Huang. "Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)." In Handbook of Indoor Air Quality, 71–98. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7680-2_4.

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Jianyin, Xiong, and Shaodan Huang. "Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)." In Handbook of Indoor Air Quality, 1–28. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5155-5_4-1.

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Steen, Bengt. "Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) to Air." In Monetary Valuation of Environmental Impacts, 153–69. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2020]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429430237-9.

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Chiang, Pen-Chi, and Xiang Gao. "Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Control." In Air Pollution Control and Design, 91–142. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7488-3_4.

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Reimann, Stefan, and Alastair C. Lewis. "Anthropogenic VOCs." In Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere, 33–81. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470988657.ch2.

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Steiner, Allison H., and Allen L. Goldstein. "Biogenic VOCs." In Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere, 82–128. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470988657.ch3.

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Araki, Atsuko, Rahel Mesfin Ketema, Yu Ait Bamai, and Reiko Kishi. "Aldehydes, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), and Health." In Current Topics in Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 129–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9182-9_7.

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Parenti, Paolo, and Giancarlo Cicerone. "Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Air Stripping Pilot Restoration Program." In Contaminated Soil ’90, 1069–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3270-1_238.

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Ciccioli, P., A. Cecinato, E. Brancaleoni, A. Brachetti, and M. Frattoni. "Polar Volatile Organic Compounds ( VOC ) of Natural Origin as Precursors of Ozone." In Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases: Why and How to Control?, 211–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0982-6_23.

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Conference papers on the topic "VOC (Volatile organic compounds)"

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Matysik, S., P. Opitz, and O. Herbarth. "Long-term trend of indoor volatile organic compounds (VOC)." In AIR POLLUTION 2013. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air130061.

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Mangler, Andreas, Julian Eise, and Qi Zhang. "Robust Advanced Sensor System for Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)." In 2021 International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy (IWIS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwis54661.2021.9711830.

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Valencia, Jarol Derley Ramon, Belcy Hernandez Tabaco, and Carlos Alexis Bonilla Granados. "Study Of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) as Atmospheric Pollution in Rural Areas." In 2021 Congreso Colombiano y Conferencia Internacional de Calidad de Aire y Salud Pública (CASAP). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/casap54985.2021.9703437.

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Soreanu, Gabriela, Igor Cretescu, Elena Niculina Dragoi, Doina Lutic, and Florin Leon. "TOWARDS LOW-CARBON EMISSION BIOTRICKLING FILTRATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM AIR: AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/4.1/s19.55.

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In this study, a classical biotrickling filter (based on compost microorganisms) and an upgraded biotrickling filter (based on a mixture of compost microorganisms and microalgae Arthrospira platensis PCC 8005) are evaluated in terms of carbon dioxide production, during their use for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) removal from air. The experiments were performed using acetic acid vapors as model VOC and the biotrickling filter (BTF) performance was observed at different VOC concentrations, gas flowrates and pH values. Although the removal of acetic acid vapors was maximum for the both biosystems, the carbon dioxide production was different. The influence of the microorganisms� types and of the operating parameters on the carbon dioxide production are correlated via artificial neural network algorithms, depicting the most favorable conditions towards a low-carbon emission biotrickling filtration process for VOCs removal from air.
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Giyoung Tak, A. Gutsol, and A. Fridman. "High power - positive pulsed corona discharge systems for volatile organic compounds (VOC) abatement." In The 33rd IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 2006. ICOPS 2006. IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2006.1707057.

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Nidheesh, V. R., Aswini Kumar Mohapatra, V. K. Unnikrishnan, Rajeev Kumar Sinha, Vasudevan Baskaran Kartha, and Santhosh Chidangil. "Design and development of a photoacoustic set up for breath analysis: a preliminary study." In European Conference on Biomedical Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ecbo.2021.em1a.30.

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Photoacoustic spectroscopy is a well-known spectroscopic method for gas detection. Exhaled breath contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as bio-markers of specific health condition. Detection and quantification of VOC bio-markers from exhaled breath can provide valuable information about the health status. We report the design and development of Photoacoustic spectroscopy setup and a preliminary study of the detection of certain standard VOCs.
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Bouten, Thijs, Nick Gralike, and Lars-Uno Axelsson. "Development, Atmospheric Testing and Field Operation of a Fuel Flexible Gas Turbine Combustion System for Crude Oil Volatile Organic Compounds." In ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82390.

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Abstract Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) evaporate from crude oil due to their volatile characteristics. These VOCs are conventionally vented, thereby contributing significantly to the harmful emission in the crude oil loading, storage and transport on offshore platforms, ships, storage tanks, terminals and shuttle tankers. The VOCs can be captured by a VOC recovery system, thereby reducing the harmful emissions significantly. The heavier fractions (mainly C3+) out of VOCs can be stored as liquid VOC (LVOC). The non-condensable fraction is a surplus gas (SVOC) mainly consisting out of lighter hydrocarbons and inert gases. The composition of LVOC and SVOC significantly varies depending on the type of crude oil. The application of both LVOC is challenging due to the high volatility, high dew point and varying compositions, while the SVOC is challenging because of the high variation in inert gas concentration, which depends on the crude oil level in the cargo tank. This paper will present the development and testing of a new tubular combustion system that can operate on the LVOC and SVOC from a VOC recovery unit as well as on LNG in case the VOC recovery plant is not operational. The challenges of the high variety in fuels are mainly translated in a dedicated fuel nozzle for the low calorific fuel combustor. This novel nozzle allows for stable operation on a wide variety of fuels with limited supply pressure requirements. The combustor has been tested in OPRA’s state-of-the-art atmospheric combustor test rig. Hereby various fuels have been supplied. The results presented in this paper focus on the validation of flame stability, operational window, turn down and emissions operating on different mixtures of low calorific gas (SVOC) and high calorific gas (LVOC, propane and natural gas). After successful completion of the atmospheric testing, a full-scale engine test has been performed with the OP16 gas turbine in OPRA’s engine test cell. Multiple gensets are installed on shuttle tankers and have been successfully commissioned with the various fuels. Operational experience from these sea trials are discussed. It has been proven that the OPRA OP16 gas turbine can utilize 100% of the VOC emissions recovered from the shuttle tanker, whereby power is supplied to the vessel. This results in a significant reduction of the ship’s emissions.
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Bacardit, Anna, Silvia Sorolla, Concepcio Casas, Lluis Olle, and Mireia Conde. "Synthesis of polyurethanes with low volatile organic compounds content for upholstery and automotive articles." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.iii.1.

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The manufacture of upholstery and automotive articles is linked to the release of Volatile Organic Compounds (hereinafter VOCs) during their manufacture, which have short and long-term effects on the health of users and the environment. In the leather sector, around 40 kg of VOCs are generated per 1000 kg of raw skin. This research work has focused on the synthesis of new and more sustainable urethane-based polymers that, in turn, allow the quality requirements of the finish to be met, which vary depending on the leather article manufactured. The main objective of the study is to minimize the content of VOCs in the different aliphatic polyurethanes synthesized in a pilot-scale reactor, making small modifications to the synthesis formulations. The synthesis route developed is based on the preparation of polymers of ionomeric polyurethanes and their subsequent dispersion in water. In the synthesis processes developed, the content of coalescing solvents and neutralizing agents, which directly contribute to the concentration of VOCs of the urethane polymers, is eliminated and / or minimized as much as possible. The new urethane-based polymers obtained have been analyzed according to the parameters of pH, viscosity, density and percentage of solids in the resin. Likewise, organoleptic tests (color, transparency, hardness, touch and tacking) and physical tests (tensile strength, water absorption, hardness and color change at 100°C for 24 hours) have been carried out on the film corresponding to each synthesized polyurethane resin. These products will be introduced in finishing formulations designed to obtain high-performance upholstery and automotive leather with minimal impact in terms of VOC content at the pilot level. Tests of fastness and physical resistance have been carried out to evaluate the performance of these leathers.
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Amano, Ryo S., Jose Martinez Lucci, Krishna S. Guntur, M. Mahmun Hossain, M. Monzur Morshed, Matthew E. Dudley, and Franklin Laib. "Experimental Study of Treating Volatile Organic Compounds." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34579.

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Heated Soil Vapor Extraction (HSVE) is a technology that has been used successfully to clean up subsurface soils at sites containing chlorinated solvents and petroleum hydrocarbons. The costs have been extremely high due to the large amount of energy required to volatilize high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds present in the soil matrix. One remediation contractor states that hydrocarbons are oxidized in situ by achieving temperatures in the >1000 F range near the heaters [1]. A critical question is whether the volatile portion of manufactured gas plant (MGP) hydrocarbons (VOCs) can be stripped out at lower temperatures such that the remaining contaminants will be unavailable for transport or subsequent dissolution into the groundwater. Soil remediation by heated soil vapor extraction system is a relatively new technology developed by Jay Jatkar Inc. (JJI) along with the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee [2]. The areas around chemical companies or waste disposal sites have been seriously contaminated from the chemicals and other polluting materials that are disposed off. The process developed by JJI, consists of a heater/boiler that pump and circulates hot oil through a pipeline that is enclosed in a larger-diameter pipe. This extraction pipe is vertically installed within the contaminated soil up to a certain depth and is welded at the bottom and capped at the top. The number of heat source pipes and the extraction wells depends on the type of soil, the type of pollutants, moisture content of the soil and the size of the area to be cleaned. The heat source heats the soil, which is transported in the interior part of the soil by means of conduction and convection. This heating of soil results in vaporization of the gases, which are then driven out of the soil by the extraction well. The extraction well consists of the blower which would suck the vaporized gases out of the system. Our previous studies had removed higher boiling compounds, such as naphthalene, etc., to a non-detectable level. Thus, the current technology is very promising for removing most of the chemical compounds; and can also remove these boiling compounds from the saturated zone. Gas chromatography (GC) is utilized in monitoring the relative concentration changes over the extraction period. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) assists in the identification and separation of extracted components. The experimental research is currently being conducted at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. The objectives of this study are to identify contaminants and time required to remove them through HSVE treatment and provide data for computation fluid dynamics CFD analysis.
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Suciu, George, Adrian Pasat, Cristina M. Balaceanu, Mihaela Balanescu, and Carmen Nadrag. "Assessment of the impact of volatile organic compounds (VOC) on human health in sensitive areas." In Advanced Topics in Optoelectronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnologies IX, edited by Ionica Cristea, Marian Vladescu, and Razvan D. Tamas. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2324945.

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Reports on the topic "VOC (Volatile organic compounds)"

1

Thielen, T. Navy Compliance with Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Regulations for Marine Coatings. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada232622.

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Bair, Kimberly. Volatile organic compound (VOC) retardation in ground water. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/576739.

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MARUSICH, R. M. ACTION CONCENTRATION FOR MIXTURES OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOC) & METHANE & HYDROGEN. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/888828.

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Katz, Robert W. Low Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Chemical Agent Resistant Coating (CARC). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada608313.

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Beath, John, Paula Vosmus, Rachel Kazanski, Sarah Backes, Brandie Sebastian, Greg Zaimes, and Troy Hawkins. Refinery Products Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions Estimator (RP-VOC): User Manual and Technical Documentation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1764851.

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Li, DeQuan. Cyclodextrin-based chemical microsensors for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/562505.

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Junk, G. A., and W. J. Jr Haas. Technology projects for characterization--monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10110024.

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Peck, Hugh E. The Impact of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Regulations on Shipbuilding and Ship Repair. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada444200.

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Duncan, Jeffrey L., John Escarsega, Lisa Weiser, Anthony Eng, and William Hoogsteden. Demonstration/Validation of Low Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Chemical Agent Resistant Coating (CARC). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada636811.

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Cundiff, Charles H., Robert M. Leverette, and Jason R. Varner. Low Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Chemical Agent Resistant Coating (CARC) Removal and Disposal. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada388926.

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