Relevant bibliographies by topics / VOC generation

Academic literature on the topic 'VOC generation'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "VOC generation"

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Thakur, Shubham. "Power Generation Using SOFC and VOC treatment." International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub 3, Special Issue ICARD-2021 3S (March 31, 2021): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjash.2021.092.

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Lee, Byung Uk. "Why Does the SARS-CoV-2 Delta VOC Spread So Rapidly? Universal Conditions for the Rapid Spread of Respiratory Viruses, Minimum Viral Loads for Viral Aerosol Generation, Effects of Vaccination on Viral Aerosol Generation, and Viral Aerosol Clouds." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 17, 2021): 9804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189804.

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This study analyzes the reasons the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant of concern (VOC) spreads so rapidly. Novel topics such as universal conditions for the rapid spread of respiratory viruses, minimum viral loads for viral aerosol generation, effects of vaccination on viral aerosol generation, and viral aerosol clouds were studied. The analyses were based on experimental results and analytic model studies. Four universal conditions, namely asymptomatic host, high viral load, stability of viruses in air, and binding affinity of viruses to human cells, need to be satisfied for the rapid spread of respiratory viruses. SARS-CoV-2 and its variants such as the Alpha VOC and Delta VOC satisfy the four fundamental conditions. In addition, there is an original principle of aerosol generation of respiratory viruses. Assuming that the aerosol–droplet cutoff particle diameter for distinguishing potential aerosols from earthbound respiratory particles is 100 μm, the minimum viral load required in respiratory fluids to generate viral aerosols is ~106 copies mL−1, which is within the range of the reported viral loads in the Alpha VOC cases and the Delta VOC cases. The daily average viral loads of the Delta VOC in hosts have been reported to be between ~109 copies mL−1 and ~1010 copies mL−1 during the four days after symptom onset in 1848 cases of the Delta VOC infection. Owing to the high viral load, the SARS-CoV-2 Delta VOC has the potential to effectively spread through aerosols. COVID-19 vaccination can decrease aerosol transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha VOC by reducing the viral load. The viral load can explain the conundrum of viral aerosol spreading. The SARS-CoV-2 Delta VOC aerosol clouds have been assumed to be formed in restricted environments, resulting in a massive numbers of infected people in a very short period with a high spreading speed. Strong control methods against bioaerosols should be considered in this SARS-CoV-2 Delta VOC pandemic. Large-scale environmental monitoring campaigns of SARS-CoV-2 Delta VOC aerosols in public places in many countries are necessary, and these activities could contribute to controlling the coronavirus disease pandemic.
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Kayano, Taishi, and Hiroshi Nishiura. "Estimating the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 VOC 202012/01 in Japan using travel history information." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 19, no. 3 (2022): 2750–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2022125.

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<abstract> <p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly spread across the globe. The variant of concern (VOC) 202012/01 (B.1.1.7, also known as the alpha variant) bearing the N501Y mutation emerged in late 2020. VOC 202012/01 was more transmissible than existing SARS-CoV-2 variants and swiftly became dominant in many regions. More than 150 cases of VOC 202012/01 were reported in Japan by 26 February 2021. During the very early stage of introduction, only a subset arose from domestic transmission. If the reproduction number <italic>R</italic> (i.e., the average number of secondary transmission events caused by a single primary case) is greater than 1, the corresponding proportion should converge to 1 in a short period of time, and thus it is critical to understand the transmissibility of VOC 202012/01 based on travel history information. The present study aimed to estimate <italic>R</italic> of VOC 202012/01 using overseas travel history information. A mathematical model was developed to capture the relationship between travel history and <italic>R</italic>. We obtained travel history data for each confirmed case of VOC 202012/01 infection from 26 December 2020 to 26 February 2021. Maximum likelihood estimation was used to estimate <italic>R</italic>, accounting for right censoring during real-time estimation. In the baseline scenario, <italic>R</italic> was estimated at 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.63, 2.94). By 26 February 2021, an average of nine generations had elapsed since the first imported case. If the generation time of VOC 202012/01 was assumed to be longer, <italic>R</italic> was increased, consistent with estimates of <italic>R</italic> from case data. The estimated <italic>R</italic> of VOC 202012/01 in Japan exceeded 1 on 26 February 2021, suggesting that domestic transmission events caused a major epidemic. Moreover, because our estimate of <italic>R</italic> was dependent on generation time and ascertainment biases, continuous monitoring of contact tracing data is crucial to decipher the mechanisms of increased VOC 202012/01 transmissibility.</p> </abstract>
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Jenkin, M. E., S. M. Saunders, V. Wagner, and M. J. Pilling. "Protocol for the development of the Master Chemical Mechanism, MCM v3 (Part B): tropospheric degradation of aromatic volatile organic compounds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 2, no. 6 (November 7, 2002): 1905–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-2-1905-2002.

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Abstract. Kinetic and mechanistic data relevant to the tropospheric degradation of aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOC) have been used to define a mechanism development protocol, which has been used to construct degradation schemes for 18 aromatic VOC as part of version 3 of the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM v3). This is complementary to the treatment of 107 non-aromatic VOC, presented in a companion paper. The protocol is divided into a series of subsections describing initiation reactions, the degradation chemistry to first generation products via a number of competitive routes, and the further degradation of first and subsequent generation products. Emphasis is placed on describing where the treatment differs from that applied to the non-aromatic VOC. The protocol is based on work available in the open literature up to the beginning of 2001, and some other studies known by the authors which were under review at the time. Photochemical Ozone Creation Potentials (POCP) have been calculated for the 18 aromatic VOC in MCM v3 for idealised conditions appropriate to north-west Europe, using a photochemical trajectory model. The POCP values provide a measure of the relative ozone forming abilities of the VOC. These show distinct differences from POCP values calculated previously for the aromatics, using earlier versions of the MCM, and reasons for these differences are discussed.
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Jenkin, M. E., S. M. Saunders, V. Wagner, and M. J. Pilling. "Protocol for the development of the Master Chemical Mechanism, MCM v3 (Part B): tropospheric degradation of aromatic volatile organic compounds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 3, no. 1 (February 12, 2003): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-181-2003.

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Abstract. Kinetic and mechanistic data relevant to the tropospheric degradation of aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOC) have been used to define a mechanism development protocol, which has been used to construct degradation schemes for 18 aromatic VOC as part of version 3 of the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM v3). This is complementary to the treatment of 107 non-aromatic VOC, presented in a companion paper. The protocol is divided into a series of subsections describing initiation reactions, the degradation chemistry to first generation products via a number of competitive routes, and the further degradation of first and subsequent generation products. Emphasis is placed on describing where the treatment differs from that applied to the non-aromatic VOC. The protocol is based on work available in the open literature up to the beginning of 2001, and some other studies known by the authors which were under review at the time. Photochemical Ozone Creation Potentials (POCP) have been calculated for the 18 aromatic VOC in MCM v3 for idealised conditions appropriate to north-west Europe, using a photochemical trajectory model. The POCP values provide a measure of the relative ozone forming abilities of the VOC. These show distinct differences from POCP values calculated previously for the aromatics, using earlier versions of the MCM, and reasons for these differences are discussed.
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McCandless, Brian E. "CdTe Solar Cells: Processing Limits and Defect Chemistry Effects on Open Circuit Voltage." MRS Proceedings 1538 (2013): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.1017.

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ABSTRACTThe role of CdTe solar cell processing on the defect chemistry that limits open circuit voltage (VOC) is addressed in the thermochemical processing regimes commonly encountered in present-generation CdTe devices. The highest VOC is 0.91 V for a bulk CdTe crystal with ITO which is only marginally higher than VOC = 0.86 V obtained for polycrystalline CdTe films with CdS. Both fall ∼0.4 V short of the VOC expected for CdTe, having band gap EG = 1.5 eV. The present >16% efficient superstrate CdTe cell uses a process based on high-temperature, T > 500°C, CdTe growth on CdS, coupled with optimized methods for incorporating oxygen, sulfur, copper, and chloride species in the CdTe film. Pushing cell conversion efficiencies beyond 20% will require increasing VOC beyond 1V. However the present pathway of processing optimization will likely yield VOC and efficiency converging on 0.9 V and <20%, respectively.
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Tsigkou, Dimitra. "From Varieties of Capitalism to European Growth Models: towards a critical synthesis." Region & Periphery, no. 9 (July 29, 2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/rp.23788.

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The widespread belief that globalization would lead to the gradual convergence of advanced capitalist economies was challenged by the emergence of the Comparative Capitalism (CC) literature. Arguably the most influential approach within CC is the Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) model which argues that differences among advanced capitalist economies not only do not fade away but may be amplified due to the disparate comparative institutional advantages that various socioeconomic models may hold. VoC, nonetheless, was soon criticized -among others- for its binary ontological framework and heuristic shortcomings by the second generation CC. Contemporary writings within the third generation CC suggest a radical break from VoC as the focus should be, it is argued, on the demand, rather than the supply, side of the economy. This article posits that while the third generation CC has shifted attention to other institutional and policy fields, emphasizing essentially macroeconomic issues vis-à-vis economic policy reform, an epistemological rapprochement between the two main strands of CC could offer a more contextualized understanding of the different proposals put forward by the member states regarding the on-going Eurozone reform effort.
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Murin, L. I., J. Lennart Lindström, Bengt Gunnar Svensson, Vladimir P. Markevich, Anthony R. Peaker, and Charalamos A. Londos. "VOn (n≥3) Defects in Irradiated and Heat-Treated Silicon." Solid State Phenomena 108-109 (December 2005): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.108-109.267.

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Local vibrational mode (LVM) spectroscopy has been used to study the evolution of vacancy-oxygen-related defects (VOn) in the temperature range 300-700°C in carbon-lean Cz-Si samples irradiated with MeV electrons or neutrons. New experimental data confirming an attribution of the absorption bands at 910, 976 and 1105 cm-1 to the VO3 complex are obtained. In particular, a correlated generation of VO3 and the oxygen trimer is observed upon irradiation of Cz- Si crystals in the temperature range 300-400°C. Strong evidence for the assignment of the bands at 991 and 1014 cm-1 to a VO4 defect is presented. The lines are found to develop very efficiently in the VO2 containing materials enriched with the oxygen dimer. In such materials the formation of VO4 is enhanced due to occurrence of the reaction O2i+VO2 ⇒ VO4. Annealing of the VO3 and VO4 defects at T ≥ 550C °C is found to result in the appearance of new defects giving rise to a number of O-related LVM bands in the range 990-1110 cm-1. These bands are suggested to arise from VO5 and/or VO6 defects. Similar bands also appear upon the annihilation of oxygen-related thermal double donors at 650°C in Cz-Si crystals pre-annealed at 450°C.
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Dzhafarov, T. D., S. Aydin, and D. Oren. "Effect of Diffusion of I Group Metal (Ag) on Characteristics of Metal/Porous Silicon Sensors." Solid State Phenomena 131-133 (October 2007): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.131-133.189.

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Current-voltage characteristics of Schottky-type Ag/Porous Silicon (Ag/PS) structures in normal air, humid ambient and in different hydrogen-containing solutions (distilled water, freshwater, Black sea-water, ethanol ad methanol) have been investigated. Generation of the opencircuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Jsc) up to 560 mV and 0.5mA/cm2, respectively, on placing Ag/PS structures in hydrogen-containing solutions was discovered. This phenomenon is reversible, i.e. placing and removal of Ag/PS structures cell from hydrogen-containing solutions is accompanied by response and recovery of the Voc and Jsc parameters. It is shown that the thermal annealing of the Ag/PS structure at 200oC for 10 min is accompanied by somewhat changes and stabilization of Voc and Jsc parameters of Ag/PS sensors. The possible mechanisms related with hydrogen-stimulated generation of voltage and diffusion-stimulated stabilization of the sensing parameters of Ag/PS Schottky-type structures is suggested. Data received in this work indicate on perspectivity of using Ag/PS structures as both the gas sensors and hydrogen cells.
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Gu, Xin, Kaitao Chen, Min Cai, Zhongyi Yin, Xingang Liu, and Xingru Li. "Study on the Fingerprint and Atmospheric Activity of Volatile Organic Compounds from Typical Industrial Emissions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 3517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043517.

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China is prone to severe surface ozone pollution in summer, so it is very important to understand the source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to control ozone formation. In this work, the emission characteristics of 91 VOC components from the plastic products industry, packaging and printing industries, printing ink industry, furniture manufacturing and vehicle manufacturing industries were studied. The results show that there are significant differences between these sources, and for the plastic products industry, alkanes (48%) are the most abundant VOCs. The main emission species in the packaging and printing industry are OVOCs (36%) and alkanes (34%). The proportion of OVOCs in the printing ink (73%) and furniture manufacturing industries (49%) is dominated by VOC emissions; aromatic hydrocarbons (33%), alkanes (33%), and OVOCs (17%) are the main emission species in the vehicle manufacturing industry. At the same time, the ozone generation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOA) of anthropogenic VOC emissions were evaluated, and the top 10 contributors to OFP and SOA were identified. Toluene, o-xylene, and m-xylene had a significant tendency to form OFP or SOA. Then, a health risk assessment of VOC components was carried out. These data can supplement the existing VOC emission characteristics of anthropogenic emissions, thus enriching the research progress of VOC emission sources.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "VOC generation"

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Krishnaswamy, Sangeetha. "Kinetics of volatile generation during coffee roasting and analysis using Selected Ion Flow Tube-Mass Spectrometry." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492506642418004.

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Bourbour, Ajdari Elena. "Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Emission during Cured-in-Place-Pipe (CIPP) Sewer Pipe Rehabilitation." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2126.

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The maintenance or replacement of deteriorated pipes and culverts is a constant and significant concern for municipalities and transportation agencies in the United States (Donaldson and Wallingford, 2010). Trenchless technologies and especially the Cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) method have become increasingly common ways to preserve infrastructures owing to their feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and fewer social impacts (Jung and Sinha, 2007). Therefore, there is a growing need to understand the direct and indirect effects of pipeline rehabilitation activities on the environment. Nearly all past CIPP studies have focused on its mechanical properties, and its environmental impacts are poorly investigated and documented (Allouche et al. 2012). Sewer pipelines and storm-water culverts are administered by municipalities and transportation agencies who bear the responsibility for rehabilitation and renewal of these infrastructures. In consequence, they rarely allow sampling and research projects in the field due to liability issues. This is a main obstacle to conducting comprehensive, precise, and unbiased research on CIPP environmental impacts and to date, the degree of relevant health effects and related environmental impacts have remained unknown. Numerous building indoor air contamination incidents indicate that work is needed to understand the magnitude of styrene emission from CIPP sanitary sewer repairs. The main goal of this study was to better comprehend Volatile Organic Compounds emission at three CIPP sanitary sewer installation sites in one U.S. city. Results showed that CIPP chemical emissions may be a health risk to workers and nearby building inhabitants. Additional testing and investigations regarding chemical emissions from CIPP should be commissioned to fill in the environmental and public health knowledge gaps. The acute and chronic chemical exposure risks of CIPP chemical steam constituents and styrene to sensitive populations should be further examined. Other goals of this study were to estimate the magnitude of solid waste generated as well as the amount of certain criteria air pollutants and greenhouse gases emitted from onsite heavy equipment for both CIPP and open-cut sites in a U.S city. The results indicated that the amount of open-cut related solid waste, criteria air pollutants, and greenhouse gases were greater than those during CIPP activities. Additional work is needed to quantify pollutant emissions from CIPP and open-cut activities and consider emissions from a cradle-to-grave standpoint.
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Kaus, Christiane [Verfasser]. "Method development for continuous monitoring of selected VOC test gases by GC and SIFT-MS and its use for verifying a new dosing system for test gas generation / Christiane Kaus." Wuppertal : Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1240424396/34.

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Lucchi, Paolo. "Frequency generation for mm-Wave and satellite applications." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14479/document.

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Cette thèse se concentre sur la conception de circuits intégrés radio fréquence en technologie CMOS. En particulier, l’effort est axé sur les circuits pour la synthèse de fréquence (boucles à verrouillage de phase) pour les émetteurs/récepteurs. L’attention se concentre sur la conception des blocs critiques comme les oscillateurs contrôlé en tension(VCO) et les diviseurs de fréquence. La première partie de la thèse présente des directives pour la conception de VCO à résonateur LC à résistance négative et la conception d’un oscillateur en quadrature contrôlé en tension (QVCO) à 15GHz. Ce dernier représente la contribution à la réalisation d’un synthétiseur de fréquence à 15GHz en technologie CMOS 130 nm pour des applications satellites réalisé en collaboration avec Polytech’Nice (Sophia Antipolis, France). La deuxième partie de la thèse montre la contribution à la réalisation d’un synthétiseur de fréquence 60GHz en technologie CMOS 65 nm, en collaboration avec le laboratoire LAAS (Toulouse, France) pour les réseaux haut débit sans fil et à courte distance WPAN. Une attention particulière a été portée sur la conception des blocs fonctionnant des les bandes millimétriques tel que l’oscillateur et les deux premiers blocs de la chaine de division.En ce qui concerne les diviseurs de fréquence, deux topologies à injection ont été utilisées pour leur efficacité et leur basse consommation. Le prédiviseur a été conçu avec une topologie oscillateur à résonateur LC synchronisé suivi d’un oscillateur en anneau synchronisé. Le VCO a une topologie à résistance négative. Tous les circuits ci-dessus ont été réalisés et testée avec succès
The research activities presented in this thesis are related to the design of analog CMOS Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits. In particular the effort was focused on frequency synthesizers (Phase-Locked Loop) for transceiver. This work especially deals with critical blocks such as Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) and Frequency Dividers.The first part of the thesis reports the design guidelines of a negative resistance LC-tank VCO and the design of a 15GHz Quadrature Voltage Controlled Oscillator. This represents the contributions to the realizations of a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) realization in CMOS 130 nm technology for satellite applications in collaborations with the Polytech’Nice Sophia laboratory in France. The second part of this work reports the design contribution of a 60GHz Phase-Locked Loop in 65 nm CMOS technology for Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) applications in collaboration with the LAAS laboratory (Toulouse, France). In particular the design efforts were devote to the blocks working at millimeter Wave (mmW) frequency such as VCO and Frequency Divider (FD). Concerning the Frequency Dividers the Injection-Locked topology was selected for the sake of its high frequency and low power characteristics. In particular the prescaler is an Injection-Locked LC-tank Frequency Divider (ILLCFD) followed by an Injection-Locked Ring Oscillator Frequency Divider (ILROFD). For the VCO the negative resistance design approach has been employed.All cited circuits have been implemented and succesfully tested
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Kienberger, Antonia. "Die Inszenierung der kastilischen Landschaft als Erlebnis- und Verhandlungsraum der spanischen Identität : Erinnerungspolitik bei Azorín, Antonio Machado und Miguel de Unamuno." kostenfrei, 2008. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-regensburg/volltexte/2009/1369/.

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Wang, Shen. "Design and Analysis of a Low-Power Low-Voltage Quadrature LO Generation Circuit for Wireless Applications." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39301.

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The competitive market of wireless communication devices demands low power and low cost RF solutions. A quadrature local oscillator (LO) is an essential building block for most transceivers. As the CMOS technology scales deeper into the nanometer regime, design of a low-power low-voltage quadrature LO still poses a challenge for RF designers. This dissertation investigates a new quadrature LO topology featuring a transformer-based voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) stacked with a divide-by-two for low-power low-voltage wireless applications. The transformer-based VCO core adopts the Armstrong VCO configuration to mitigate the small voltage headroom and the noise coupling. The LO operating conditions, including the start-up condition, the oscillation frequency, the voltage swing and the current consumption are derived based upon a linearized small-signal model. Both linear time-invariant (LTI) and linear time-variant (LTV) models are utilized to analyze the phase noise of the proposed LO. The results indicate that the quality factor of the primary coil and the mutual inductance between the primary and the secondary coils play an important role in the trade-off between power and noise. The guidelines for determining the parameters of a transformer are developed. The proposed LO was fabricated in 65 nm CMOS technology and its die size is about 0.28 mm2. The measurement results show that the LO can work at 1 V supply voltage, and its operation is robust to process and temperature variations. In high linearity mode, the LO consumes about 2.6 mW of power typically, and the measured phase noise is -140.3 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset frequency. The LO frequency is tunable from 1.35 GHz to 1.75 GHz through a combination of a varactor and an 8-bit switched capacitor bank. The proposed LO compares favorably to the existing reported LOs in terms of the figure of merit (FoM). More importantly, high start-up gain, low power consumption and low voltage operation are achieved simultaneously in the proposed topology. However, it also leads to higher design complexity. The contributions of this work can be summarized as 1) proposal of a new quadrature LO topology that is suitable for low-power low-voltage wireless applications, 2) an in-depth circuit analysis as well as design method development, 3) implementation of a fully integrated LO in 65 nm CMOS technology for GPS applications, 4) demonstration of high performance for the design through measurement results. The possible future improvements include the transformer optimization and the method of circuit analysis.
Ph. D.
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Scheller, Johannes. "Electroactive morphing for the aerodynamic performance improvement of next generation airvehicles." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/14479/1/scheller_partie_1_sur_2_2.pdf.

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The need to improve the aerodynamic performance of air vehicles is the origin of intense research on the real-time optimization of the airfoil shape. This real-time optimization can only be achieved by morphing the airfoil using adequate materials and actuators. The object of this thesis is to study smart-material actuators for aerodynamic performance optimization on different time scales (low-frequent and high-frequent actuation). First, the effects of the distinct actuation types, low-frequency large-displacement shape-memory alloy (SMA) and high-frequency low-displacement piezoelectric, on the surrounding flow are analyzed separately using dedicated time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TR-PIV) measurements. The experiments showed the deformation capacity of the SMA technology under realistic aerodynamic loads. Furthermore, it was highlighted that despite the limited actuation frequency the “quasi-static” hypothesis has to be carefully adapted for the Reynolds number range of 200.000. The PIV measurements conducted behind the piezoelectrically actuated trailing edge showed the capacity of the actuator to reduce the shear-layer instability modes. An open-loop optimum actuation frequency of 60 Hz has been identified. Secondly, a hybridization of the two previously studied technologies has been proposed. The implied actuators, SMAs and macro fiber composites (MFCs), have been modelled and the combined actuation capacity has been demonstrated. The designed prototype NACA4412 airfoil has been tested in the S4 wind-tunnel of IMFT and it was shown that the combination of the two technologies allows acting on the shear-layer vortices as well as control the lift.
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von, Essen Rickard. "Threat Analysis of Video on Demand Services in Next Generation Networks." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-63082.

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IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is the next generation of telecommunication systems. The system is based on an IP network and uses technologies from the Internet. The IMS system is designed to evolve from a telephone system into a general information and communication system. It is meant to include television, Video on Demand (VoD), interactive services etc, etc. It is designed to simplify the implementation of newservices in telecom networks. This report investigates security aspects of VoD services when merging an IP Television (IPTV) system with IMS. The investigation covers security functions in IMS, transitionsolutions for authentication of the Set-Top-Box (STB) in IMS, and identifies problems inthe integration of IPTV and IMS. The report concludes that IMS has good solid Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) functions that will provide security and billing functionality. One problemis found in the media control between the STB and the streaming server. This interface lacked specification at the time of investigation, and some problems have been identified. These problems have to be solved before a system can be brought into service and beregarded as secure.
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Kerdoncuff, Pierre. "Modellierung und Bewertung von Prozessketten zur Herstellung von Biokraftstoffen der zweiten Generation." Karlsruhe : Universitätsverlag, 2008. http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000009317.

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Karlapudi, Janakiram. "Analysis on automatic generation of BEPS model from BIM model." Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73547.

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The interlinking of enriched BIM data to Building Energy Performance Simulation (BEPS) models facilitates the data flow throughout the building life cycle. This seamless data transfer from BIM to BEPS models increases design efficiency. To investigate the interoperability between these models, this paper analyses different data transfer methodologies along with input data requirements for the simulation process. Based on the analysed knowledge, a methodology is adopted and demonstrated to identify the quality of the data transfer process. Furthermore, discussions are provided on identified efficiency gaps and future work.:Abstract Introduction and background Methodology Methodology demonstration Creation and export of BIM data Verification of OpenBIM meta-data BEPS model generation and validation Import statics Model Geometry and Orientation Construction details Thermal Profile Results and discussion Summary and future work References
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Books on the topic "VOC generation"

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Congreso de Literatura Española Contemporánea (1st 1987 Universidad de Málaga). José Moreno Villa en el contexto del 27: Actas del I Congreso de Literatura Española Contemporánea, Universidad de Málaga, 10, 11, 12, 13 de noviembre de 1987. Barcelona: Anthropos, 1989.

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Manfred, Adams, ed. Von Generationen, für Generationen. Hartenfels: Edition Huf Haus, 2002.

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Veitch, Rick. Army@love: Generation pwned [vol. 2.0]. New York: Vertigo, 2008.

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Neumeister, Sebastian. Literarische Wegzeichen: Vom Minnesang zur Generation X. Heidelberg: C. Winter, 2002.

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Komfort-Hein, Susanne, Bea Dörr, and Eveline Kilian. GeNarrationen: Variationen zum Verhältnis von Generation und Geschlecht. Tübingen: Attempto, 1999.

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Eckstaedt, Anita. Nationalsozialismus in der "zweiten Generation": Psyschoanalyse von Hörigkeitsverhältnissen. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1989.

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Rodrigo, Mercedes Valdivieso. Die Generation von 98 und die spanische Malerei. Köln: Böhlau, 1988.

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Über gewisse Fälle von Assoziation mit Fokus. Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1996.

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1960-, Becker Rolf, ed. Generationen und sozialer Wandel: Generationsdynamik, Generationsbeziehungen und Differenzierung von Generationen. Opladen: Leske + Budrich, 1997.

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Rolf, Becker, ed. Generationen und sozialer Wandel: Generationsdynamik Generationenbeziehungen nd Differenzierung von Generationen. Opladen: Leske & Budrich, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "VOC generation"

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Martani, Andrea, and Patrik Hummel. "Eine neue Generation des Datenschutzes? Gegenwärtige Unvollständigkeit, mögliche Lösungswege und nächste Schritte." In Datenreiche Medizin und das Problem der Einwilligung, 27–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62987-1_3.

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ZusammenfassungIn einer zunehmend datafizierten Gesellschaft, in der Datenverarbeitung alle Bereiche des öffentlichen und privaten Lebens durchdringt, ist Datenschutz von großer Bedeutung. Da sich Technologien und Praktiken der Datenverarbeitung beständig weiterentwickeln, kann Datenschutz nicht stillstehen. Zur Beschreibung des Wechselspiels von technologischem Fortschritt und Anpassungsprozessen des regulatorischen Rahmens spricht Mayer-Schönberger von aufeinanderfolgenden Generationen des Datenschutzes. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht, was eine solche Generation auszeichnen und aus welchen Gründen eine neue Generation gefordert werden könnte. Dafür arbeiten wir drei konzeptionelle Knotenpunkte im Datenschutzrecht heraus und argumentieren, dass – auch nach der kürzlichen Reform des europäischen Datenschutzes durch die DSGVO – Reflexion auf die markierten Grundsatzfragen für den Übergang zu einer neuen Generation erforderlich ist: der Gegenstandsbereich, der Schutzgegenstand und das Paradigma des Datenschutzes. Im Anschluss fokussieren wir die biomedizinische Forschung als einen Kontext, in dem sich weitere, bereichsspezifische Fragen bei der Weiterentwicklung des Datenschutzes stellen: die Formulierung von Ausnahmenormen für die Forschung und die Rolle der Einwilligung für Datenverarbeitung zu Forschungszwecken. Schließlich werden vor diesem Hintergrund Hypothesen formuliert, wie eine neue Generation des Datenschutzes ermöglicht werden könnte. Dabei wird argumentiert, dass nicht nur Gesetzgebung, sondern auch andere Ebenen des Rechts, insbesondere dessen konkrete operationale Ausgestaltung durch Rechtsformanten, für den Begriff einer Generation sowie für den Übergang zu einer neuen Generation entscheidend sind.
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Kenner, Steve. "Ausblick – Emanzipatorische und partizipative politische Bildung." In Politische Bildung in Aktion, 269–72. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35412-1_6.

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ZusammenfassungAktuelle Untersuchungen zum politischen Interesse und zur Bereitschaft für politisches Engagement von Kindern und Jugendlichen zeigen, dass längst nicht mehr die Rede sein kann von einer politikverdrossenen Generation. Das politische Interesse steigt. Und besonders bemerkenswert ist, dass das politische Interesse von jungen Menschen heute vor allem auch gesellschaftspolitische Schlüsselprobleme in den Blick nimmt. Mit diesem Kapitel werden die Erkenntnisse der vorliegenden Studie zusammengefasst.
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Krawietz, Marian. "Kontextualisierung von Werthaltungen." In Generation Transformation?, 44–61. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-94301-5_3.

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Rabe-Kleberg, Ursula. "Von Generation zu Generation?" In Bildungsreform als Sozialreform, 77–88. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-91642-6_6.

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Liebau, Eckart. "Laudatio für Hartmut von Hentig." In Medien-Generation, 43–50. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-93349-2_3.

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Bastian, Morten, and Andreas Mühling. "Erste Schritte zur automatisierten Generation von Items in einem webbasierten Tracingsystem." In Die Zukunft des MINT-Lernens – Band 1, 193–210. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66131-4_12.

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ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse einer Vorstudie und einer experimentellen Studie (N = 273) in der Sekundarstufe und der Universität im Kontext der Programmierung, genauer der Programmablaufverfolgung (Tracing), vor. Das Ziel ist die automatische Generierung von Items in einem adaptiven Testsystem, die bekannte Fehlvorstellungen sichtbar machen können. Verglichen werden dazu zunächst die empirisch unter Lernenden ermittelten Schwierigkeiten bekannter Items mit den Schwierigkeiten, die aus einem theoretischen Vorhersagemodell abgeleitet werden, sowie mit einem Rating von Experten. Darauf aufbauend werden Items anhand von einfachen Regeln generiert und in einer Hauptstudie deren durch die Regeln vorhergesagte Schwierigkeitsrangfolge empirisch überprüft. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine solche regelbasierte Generierung von Items vielversprechend ist. Bestimmte Programmkonstrukte sind hinsichtlich ihrer Schwierigkeit auf diese Weise gut klassifizierbar und können so für die automatisierte Itemkonstruktion genutzt werden. Praktisch erlauben solche adaptiven Testverfahren in kurzer Zeit die Diagnose von Fehlvorstellungen, die eine große Hürde in der Programmierausbildung darstellen. Aufgrund der Regeln und des Itemformats ist es darüber hinaus möglich, gezielt Feedback zu den Fehlvorstellungen an die Testerinnen und Tester, oder auch die Lernenden selbst, zu geben.
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Krawietz, Marian. "Einleitung: Werthaltungen im Spiegel von Europäischer Integration und der Zäsur von 1989/90." In Generation Transformation?, 15–25. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-94301-5_1.

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Pleitgen, Fritz. "Zum Verhältnis von Bildung und Medien." In Medien-Generation, 51–58. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-93349-2_4.

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Schröder, Siegfried. "Nachfolgeberatungen von Generation zu Generation." In Fit für den Generationswechsel im Unternehmen, 203–5. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-82759-3_9.

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Auge-Dickhut, Stefanie, Bernhard Koye, and Axel Liebetrau. "Geschäftsmodelle von Banken." In Client Value Generation, 95–114. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-01524-4_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "VOC generation"

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Beyene, Asfaw. "Sizing Incineration for Base-Load Energy." In ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38925.

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Many state and country codes require that Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) are either captured or destroyed before they are emitted to the atmosphere. This measure requires designing and operating refrigeration systems that would evaporate, condense and separate the VOC from air stream, or more commonly, install afterburners to combust the VOCs. Both condensation and combustion related abatement technologies involve large capital and maintenance costs. In the case of combusting the VOC, fuel is usually added to the air/VOC mixture for proper air/fuel ratio and effective combustion. The resulting high temperature gas free from VOC is often emitted to the ambient with little or no value captured from the energy intensive process. Regulations limiting the emission of VOCs continue to grow. Paint and coating lines and manufacturing processes that involve emission of chemical vapors such as carpet manufacturing, produce large amounts of VOC that needs to be oxidized. Other incinerators that do not necessarily involve VOCs, such as kiln systems also produce large energy waste. Thermodynamically, the VOC destruction combustion process is simply a total waste of energy unless it allows some waste recovery. Afterburners are typically designed for environmental reasons, ignoring the energy cost, which is accepted as an inevitable penalty. This paper discusses the feasibility of selecting incinerators as a Gas Turbine Oxidizer (GTO) sized for the base-energy load. So sized GTO could produce process heat, generate electric power, shave energy peaks, and reduce air pollution without compromising the primary intent of effectively destroying VOCs.
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Waters, Roger. "The Impact of Brown Oil Recovery Systems on VOC and Wastewater Generation." In ASME 2002 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec2002-4801.

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The Florida citrus industry has been through a major change in environmental laws during the 1990’s. Current laws dictate that processors must remove 50% of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from incoming fruit by October 2002, and 65% VOC removal pending EPA approval. In addition, processors are more aware of the impact wastewater generation has on the total cost of processing in terms of monies for treatment facilities and monies for permitting. An optimum oil recovery system is one that both reduces production of VOCs and minimizes wastewater generation. Brown oil extractor (BOE) systems have been shown to reduce the amount of peel oil destined for the feedmill while maintaining good control of fresh water use and limiting waste water effluent. The purpose of this paper is to provide data to the audience about the BOE’s ability to regulate processor’s feedmill VOC production with minimal impact to wastewater generation. Paper published with permission.
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Kamel, Merhane, and Khalid Al Shehhi. "VOC Recovery System for Crude Oil Tanker Loading." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210906-ms.

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Abstract During offshore and onshore loading of crude oil tankers, huge volumes of valuable Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) are emitted to the atmosphere maybe up to 330 ton per Very Large Crude Oil Carrier (VLCC). When these emissions are liquified, they will be equal to hundreds of barrels of oil. They are a substantial source of financial loss and destructive environmental impact. The objective of this paper is to introduce a Vapor Recovery System concept which can limit & recover the emissions of VOC up to 90% at the Fujairah Terminal. All loading and unloading of oil on offshore, on Floating Storage Offloading Unit (FSOs) and Floating Production Storage Offloading (FPSOs), on onshore storage tanks and terminals, and on shuttle tankers contribute to significant emissions of VOCs. It is possible to install Vapor Recovery Unit (VRU) on each of these applications to capture and recover VOCs. There are two generic approaches to VOC recovery, known as ‘Active’ and ‘Passive’ VOC recovery technology. The Active Vapor Recovery Unit VRU systems typically include a compression step followed by condensation, absorption and/or adsorption. The Passive VRU systems use vapor-balanced loading/unloading with VOC as blanket gas for storage vessels. The VOCs are a combination of Methane and Non-Methane components which evaporate from crude oil and are typically vented into the atmosphere during routine ship loading activities, causing emissions of harmful vapor to the environment. These vapors also represent a fire/explosion hazard. The methodology will be to apply a new concept to limit and recover the VOC emissions during loading of crude oil tankers alongside a Single Point Mooring (SPM). The VOC recovery technology is a unique combination of a modern offshore Supply Vessel (OSV) which considers both hydrocarbon recovery as well as power generation.
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Okazaki, Motoya, Sharon Niehoff, Ninos Alkurjy, Cathy Cai, Chris Ngai, Petra Richtsteiger, and Julien Bounouar. "VOC induced particle generation during wafer transportation and its solution." In 2010 21st Annual IEEE/SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference (ASMC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asmc.2010.5551451.

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Secunde, James M., and Peter Krenitsky. "An Assessment of the Capabilities of the Munters Zeolite Rotor Concentrator to Reduce VOC and Odor Emissions From a Municipal Waste Combustion Facility." In 14th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec14-3189.

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Maine Energy Recovery Company is a waste-to-energy facility, firing refuse-derived fuel (RDF) in two B&W boilers to produce steam which is used to generate 22MW of electricity. As part of its on-going effort to study odor generation and enhance their odor control system, Maine Energy discovered that a greater quantity of volatile organic compounds (VOC) are generated by the waste itself than had previously been estimated. The VOCs that were found are primarily light alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, and butanol, along with compounds such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), benzene, toluene, xylene, and others. These compounds are generated from the operation of diesel-fueled equipment in the facility’s tipping building, and from the decomposition of the waste itself. The VOC generation also has a strong seasonal component, where generation is highest in the warmer summer weather, and lowest in the depths of winter. In the summer of 2005, Maine Energy undertook a pilot scale study of VOC control using a proprietary concentrator technology from Munters Corporation, Zeol Division of Amesbury, Massachusetts. A scaled-down version of their rotary zeolite concentrator was employed at Maine Energy over a six week period from July to September 2005. Numerous samples were taken at the inlet and outlet of the device, and several extended tests were conducted using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) technology to search for specific organic compounds. The results showed that the device reduced VOC, as well as odors, by approximately 85%, without the benefit of extensive fine-tuning of the device or the process during this limited run. The testing also revealed the need for extensive particulate removal at the inlet to the device, which would have a significant effect on cost efficiency.
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Gruosso, Giambattista, Qi Zhou, Silvia Bozzi, and Giuseppe Passoni. "Sea wave generation: Generator arrays combined with VOC converter for efficient energy conversion in Italian Seas." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icit.2015.7125467.

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Yin, Hang, and Sibylle Dieckerhoff. "Experimental comparison of DPC and VOC control of a three-level NPC grid connected converter." In 2015 IEEE 6th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pedg.2015.7223072.

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Giglia, Graziella, Marcello Pucci, Calogero Serporta, and Gianpaolo Vitale. "Experimental comparison of three-phase distributed generation systems based on VOC and DPC control techniques." In 2007 European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epe.2007.4417656.

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Romagnuolo, Luca, Emma Frosina, Assunta Andreozzi, Adolfo Senatore, Francesco Fortunato, and Vincenzo Mirante. "Evaporative Emissions From Automotive Gasoline Fuel Tank Refueling: Experimental Activity and Numerical Simulation." In ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2020-20241.

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Abstract Vehicle evaporative emission is one of the most important sources of pollution from a gasoline-fueled vehicle. Since international regulations on Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) emission are becoming increasingly stringent every year, the study of the VOC generation has become of fundamental importance. It is known that VOC generation is particularly high during the refueling phase: fresh fuel coming from the refueling nozzle impacts on the filling pipe wall and it is a source for sloshing in the fuel tank. Fuel vapor generated can be collected by a vapor recovery nozzle and stored in the gas station tank (Stage II vapor recovery system, European normative) or trapped by the vehicle carbon canister (On-board Refueling Vapor Recovery system, U.S. normative). In this activity, an automotive gasoline fuel tank for U.S. applications has been used for both experimental and numerical analyses, provided by FCA. Experiments were performed in FCA laboratories, in a sealed and thermal controlled environment (mini-SHED): vapor flow exiting the fuel tank during refueling has been measured, and fuel vapor mass has been evaluated by dynamically measuring the weight variation of a carbon canister filter connected to the fuel tank vent system. A CFD model was built based on CAD geometries provided by FCA, and numerical analysis of the refueling process has then been executed by using a commercial 3D CFD software. Results were then compared with experimental data. This activity is a part of a collaboration between University of Naples Federico II and FCA Italy about fuel vapor emissions control and prediction.
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Mantrawadi, Nikhil, Mais Nijim, David Ressegiue, Gerald Ogumerem, Lee Clapp, and Alvaro Martinez. "VOC Emission Monitoring at Eagle Ford Shale Drill Sites Using Wireless Sensor Network for Understanding Emission Generation and Dispersion." In Shale Energy Engineering Conference 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413654.040.

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Reports on the topic "VOC generation"

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Chamovitz, Daniel A., and Albrecht G. Von Arnim. eIF3 Complexes and the eIF3e Subunit in Arabidopsis Development and Translation Initiation. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696545.bard.

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The original working hypothesis of our proposal was that The “e” subunit of eIF3 has multiple functions from both within the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. Within this model, we further hypothesized that the “e” subunit of eIF3 functions in translation as a repressor. We proposed to test these hypotheses along the following specific aims: 1) Determine the subcellular localization of the interaction between eIF3e and other eIF3 subunits, or the COP9 signalosome. 2) Elucidate the biological significance of the varied subcellular localizations of eIF3e through generating Arabidopsis eIF3e alleles with altered subcellular localization. 3.) Purify different eIF3e complexes by tandem affinity purification (TAP). 4) Study the role of eIF3e in translational repression using both in vitro and in planta assays. eIF3 is an evolutionarily ancient and essential component of the translational apparatus in both the plant and animal kingdoms. eIF3 is the largest, and in some ways the most mysterious, of the translation factors. It is a multi-subunit protein complex that has a structural/scaffolding role in translation initiation. However, despite years of study, only recently have differential roles for eIF3 in the developmental regulation of translation been experimentally grounded. Furthermore, the roles of individual eIF3 subunits are not clear, and indeed some, such as the “e” subunit may have roles independent of translation initiation. The original three goals of the proposal were technically hampered by a finding that became evident during the course of the research – Any attempt to make transgenic plants that expressed eIF3e wt or eIF3e variants resulted in seedling lethality or seed inviability. That is, it was impossible to regenerate any transgenic plants that expressed eIF3e. We did manage to generate plants that expressed an inducible form of eIF3e. This also eventually led to lethality, but was very useful in elucidating the 4th goal of the research (Yahalom et al., 2008), where we showed, for the first time in any organism, that eIF3e has a repressory role in translation. In attempt to solve the expression problems, we also tried expression from the native promoter, and as such analyzed this promoter in transgenic plants (Epel, 2008). As such, several additional avenues were pursued. 1) We investigated protein-protein interactions of eIF3e (Paz-Aviram et al., 2008). 2) The results from goal #4 led to a novel hypothesis that the interaction of eIF3e and the CSN meets at the control of protein degradation of nascent proteins. In other words, that the block in translation seen in csn and eIF3e-overexpressing plants (Yahalom et al., 2008) leads to proteasome stress. Indeed we showed that both over expression of eIF3e and the csn mutants lead to the unfolded protein response. 3) We further investigated the role of an additional eIF3 subunit, eIF3h, in transalational regulation in the apical meristem (Zhou et al., 2009). Epel, A. (2008). Characterization of eIF3e in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In Plant Sciences (Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv University). Paz-Aviram, T., Yahalom, A., and Chamovitz, D.A. (2008). Arabidopsis eIF3e interacts with subunits of the ribosome, Cop9 signalosome and proteasome. Plant Signaling and Behaviour 3, 409-411. Yahalom, A., Kim, T.H., Roy, B., Singer, R., von Arnim, A.G., and Chamovitz, D.A. (2008). Arabidopsis eIF3e is regulated by the COP9 signalosome and has an impact on development and protein translation. Plant J 53, 300-311. Zhou, F., Dunlap, J.R., and von Arnim, A.G. The translation initiation factor subunit eIF3h is .1 involved in Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem maintenance and auxin response. (submitted to Development).
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