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Liu, Yanyang, Jing Ran, Hefei Hu, and Bihua Tang. "Energy-Efficient Virtual Network Function Reconfiguration Strategy Based on Short-Term Resources Requirement Prediction." Electronics 10, no. 18 (September 17, 2021): 2287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10182287.
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In Network Function Virtualization, the resource demand of the network service evolves with the change of network traffic. VNF dynamic migration has become an effective method to improve network performance. However, for the time-varying resource demand, how to minimize the long-term energy consumption of the network while guaranteeing the Service Level Agreement (SLA) is the key issue that lacks previous research. To tackle this dilemma, this paper proposes an energy-efficient reconfiguration algorithm for VNF based on short-term resource requirement prediction (RP-EDM). Our algorithm uses LSTM to predict VNF resource requirements in advance to eliminate the lag of dynamic migration and determines the timing of migration. RP-EDM eliminates SLA violations by performing VNF separation on potentially overloaded servers and consolidates low-load servers timely to save energy. Meanwhile, we consider the power consumption of servers when booting up, which is existing objectively, to avoid switching on/off the server frequently. The simulation results suggest that RP-EDM has a good performance and stability under machine learning models with different accuracy. Moreover, our algorithm increases the total service traffic by about 15% while ensuring a low SLA interruption rate. The total energy cost is reduced by more than 20% compared with the existing algorithms.
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Wei, Yifei, Yuning Jia, Jun Li, and Xiaojun Wang. "RESEARCH ON 5G NETWORK RESOURCE ORCHESTRATION ALGORITHM BASED ON NETWORK VIRTUALIZATION TECHNOLOGY." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 52, no. 4 (September 25, 2022): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2022.970.
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With the advancement of wireless network technology to the next generation, network function virtualization (NFV) brings the advantages of centralized scheduling of virtual wireless resources and the ability to orchestrate virtual network functions. This makes it possible to dynamically deploy and manage service function chains (SFCs) in virtualized wireless networks according to changes in network load. Through the network function virtualization technology, the DU/CU separation architecture under 5G-NG-RAN is considered. Aiming at the resource orchestration problem of the 5G access network virtual protocol stack function and service function chain after deployment, an energy-aware virtualized network function instance (VNFI) orchestration algorithm is proposed. By modeling the underlying physical network and node energy consumption, the node load, resource type, tolerable delay and migration loss are included in the decision, and the state of the general server node is divided into two types: running state and sleep state. The algorithm decouples the decision-making process of VNF migration into two specific modules, namely "the VNF selection module" and "the migration destination node selection module". It is verified by simulation that compared with other energy-saving strategies, the algorithm in this paper has better performance in reducing energy consumption and reducing migration loss, and it can take into account both the reduction of the number of open server nodes and the improvement of resource utilization.
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Zhou, Xinhao, Bo Yi, Xingwei Wang, and Min Huang. "Approach for minimising network effect of VNF migration." IET Communications 12, no. 20 (December 20, 2018): 2574–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2018.5188.
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Yi, Bo, Xingwei Wang, Min Huang, and Kexin Li. "Design and Implementation of Network-Aware VNF Migration Mechanism." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 44346–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2978002.
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Qu, Hua, Ke Wang, and Jihong Zhao. "Priority-awareness VNF migration method based on deep reinforcement learning." Computer Networks 208 (May 2022): 108866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2022.108866.
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Yi, Bo, Xingwei Wang, Min Huang, and Anwei Dong. "A multi-criteria decision approach for minimizing the influence of VNF migration." Computer Networks 159 (August 2019): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2019.04.010.
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Karapetjana, Indra, and Gunta Roziņa. "Lexicogrammatical aspects in English for dentistry acquisition materials." Valoda: nozīme un forma / Language: Meaning and Form 12 (December 2021): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/vnf.12.05.
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In the 21st century, globalization and massive migration have increased the global demand for effective transnational communication skills in English in the health care workplace and academic contexts, including dentistry. English for Dentistry falls under the umbrella of English for Specific Purposes (ESP): this refers to teaching and learning English as a foreign language in a particular domain. While the role of grammar acquisition in ESP courses is often understated in the key theoretical literature on ESP, this article highlights the importance of lexicogrammatical knowledge. Dentistry students and practitioners in Latvia highly value the accuracy in communication since the knowledge of various syntactic and morphological rules of grammar and their use in the dentistry-related context contribute to the accuracy required in the performance of different communicative tasks, for instance, asking for, explaining, and providing information, giving instructions. Besides, if dentists are unable, for example, to explain a diagnosis, agree on treatment options with the patient in a meaningfully accurate way, the dentist’s authority may be undermined, resulting in unsuccessful communication. The case study reports on the tasks employing lexicogrammatical strategies in the material “Dentistry and Language Integrated Learning”, which has been developed by the authors of this article working in close collaboration with individual academic staff at the the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Latvia. The material piloted amongst both dentistry practitioners and students suggests that the applied strategies of morphological derivation, for instance, recognizing and building new words by gaining control of affixation devices, can be considered as useful tools in the new lexeme meaning-making process in dentistry. As a result, this study has attempted to support the assumption that ESP and content and language integrated learning (or CLIL) are compatible and can be efficiently mastered in the professional discourse development process.
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Alliau, Damien, Sébastien Roux, and Léa Parelle. "Apports de la modélisation physique avec distorsions pour l'analyse des cours d'eau sableux : exemple de la Loire aval." La Houille Blanche, no. 2 (April 2020): 14–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb/2020013.
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Création de 700 épis dans le dernier siècle, extractions massives de sable réalisées pour les besoins de l'industrie … ces actions anthropiques ont eu des conséquences graves sur le fonctionnement de la Loire : enfoncement du lit, et mauvaise alimentation des annexes fluviales notamment. Dans le cadre du plan Loire IV (2014–2020) financé notamment par l'Union européenne, et dont la maîtrise d'ouvrage est en partie portée par Voies Navigables de France (VNF), la réalisation d'un ouvrage de correction sédimentaire a été proposée au voisinage de Nantes, avec l'objectif d'engendrer un remous solide régressif. Pour les études conception morpho-sédimentaires, la Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR) a proposé une modélisation hybride ou composite, qui s'appuie notamment sur un modèle numérique 2D hydro-sédimentaire ainsi qu'un modèle physique de grande dimension : 1/100 pour l'échelle de longueur avec un facteur 2 de distorsion verticale, 1/33 pour l'échelle de densité des matériaux. Ce modèle à fond mobile a été conçu pour satisfaire à deux lois de similitudes dont la combinaison produit des distorsions géométriques et de densité des matériaux. La complexité d'un tel modèle impose un grand nombre de vérifications par l'expérience qu'il faut confronter aux approches théoriques de dimensionnement : du comportement granulaire aux macro-phénomènes (dunes). Un jeu de 341 dunes formées en laboratoire pendant plus de 50 essais a été analysé selon deux axes : le premier concerne la caractérisation géométrique (hauteur, longueur) grâce à la disponibilité de Modèles Numériques de Terrain capturés par un procédé de photogrammétrie submergée, et le second est focalisé sur la vitesse de migration des dunes par Large Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV). L'ensemble des analyses réalisées a montré la très bonne adéquation entre les résultats de laboratoire et les phénomènes ligériens de transport de sable.
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Liu, Lin, Qingzhuo Cui, Junna Song, Yang Yang, Yixin Zhang, Jiapeng Qi, and Jingshan Zhao. "Hydroxysafflower Yellow A Inhibits Vascular Adventitial Fibroblast Migration via NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibition through Autophagy Activation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010172.
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Inflammation is closely associated with progression of vascular remodeling. The NLRP3 inflammasome is the key molecule that promotes vascular remodeling via activation of vascular adventitia fibroblast (VAF) proliferation and differentiation. VAFs have a vital effect on vascular remodeling that could be improved using hydroxysafflower yellow A (HSYA). However, whether HSYA ameliorates vascular remodeling through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation has not been explored in detail. Here, we cultured primary VAFs and analyzed the migration of VAFs induced by angiotensin II (ANG II) to determine the potential effects and mechanism of HSYA on VAF migration. The results thereof showed that HSYA remarkably inhibited ANG II-induced VAF migration, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, it is worth noting that LPS promoted ANG II-induced VAF migration and NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, which could be significantly reversed using HSYA. Moreover, HSYA could be used to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation by promoting autophagy. In conclusion, HSYA could inhibit ANG II-induced VAF migration through autophagy activation and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Braunsdorf, Felix. "Migration in der Agenda 2030." Vereinte Nationen 67, no. 4 (2019): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35998/vn-2019-0050.
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Billingham, Norman. "Does additive migration still matter?" Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 9, no. 3 (September 2003): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.10070.
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Földes, Enikö, and Andrea Szigeti-Erdei. "Migration of additives in polymers." Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 3, no. 3 (September 1997): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.10195.
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Xu, Yan, Mingwei Cheng, Peijun Zhu, Shuo Yang, Chunhua Lai, and Shulan Xu. "Influence of P(VDF-TrFE) Membranes with Different Surface Potentials on the Activity and Angiogenic Function of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells." BioMed Research International 2022 (September 26, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5693994.
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During bone tissue regeneration, neovascularization is critical, and the formation of a blood supply network is crucial for bone growth stimulation and remodeling. Previous studies suggest that bioelectric signals facilitate the process of angiogenesis. Owing to their biomimetic electroactivity, piezoelectric membranes have garnered substantial interest in the field of guided bone regeneration. Nevertheless, the knowledge of their influence due to varying surface potentials on the progression of angiogenesis remains ambiguous. Therefore, we proposed the preparation of an electroactive material, P(VDF-TrFE), and investigated its effects on the activity and angiogenic functions of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The HUVECs were directly cultured on P(VDF-TrFE) membranes with different surface potentials. Subsequently, cell viability, proliferation, migration, tube formation, and expressions of related factors were assessed through appropriate assays. Our results revealed that the negative surface potential groups exerted differential effects on the modulation of angiogenesis in vitro. The P(VDF-TrFE) membranes with negative surface potential exhibited the greatest effect on cellular behaviors, including proliferation, migration, tube formation, and promotion of angiogenesis by releasing key factors such as VEGF-A and CD31. Overall, these results indicated that the surface potential of piezoelectric P(VDF-TrFE) membranes could exert differential effects on angiogenesis in vitro. We present a novel approach for designing bioactive materials for guided bone regeneration.
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Barnes, Paul. "Determining migration of GMS antistat in polypropylene." Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 3, no. 1 (March 1997): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.10168.
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Casazza, Michael L., Peter S. Coates, Cory T. Overton, and Kristy B. Howe. "Intra-annual patterns in adult band-tailed pigeon survival estimates." Wildlife Research 42, no. 5 (2015): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr14199.
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Context The band-tailed pigeon (Patagioenas fasciata) is a migratory species occurring in western North America with low recruitment potential and populations that have declined an average of 2.4% per year since the 1960s. Investigations into band-tailed pigeon demographic rates date back to the early 1900s, and existing annual survival rate estimates were derived in the 1970s using band return data. Aims The primary purpose of the paper was to demonstrate that the apparent paradox between band-tailed pigeon population dynamics (long-term steady decline) and breeding season survival rates (very high) can be explained by changes in survival probability during the remainder of the year. Methods We trapped Pacific coast band-tailed pigeons during two separate periods: we equipped pigeons with very high frequency (VHF) radio-transmitters in 1999–2000 (1999 = 20; 2000 = 34); and outfitted pigeons with solar powered platform transmitting terminal (PTT) transmitters in 2006–08 (n = 20). We used known fate models to estimate annual survival rates and seasonal survival variation among four periods based on an annual behavioural cycle based on phenological events (nesting, autumn migration, winter and spring migrations). We used model averaged parameter estimates to account for model selection uncertainty. Key results Neither body condition nor sex were associated with variation in band-tailed pigeon survival rates. Weekly survival during the nesting season did not differ significantly between VHF-marked (0.996; CI = 0.984–0.999) and PTT-marked pigeons (0.998; CI = 0.990–1.00). Model averaged annual survival of PTT-marked pigeons was 0.682 (95% CI = 0.426–0.861) and was similar to annual survival estimated in previous studies using band return data. Survival probability was lowest during both migration periods and highest during the nesting period. Conclusions Our survival estimates are consistent with those of prior studies and suggest that mortality risk is greatest during migration. Weekly survival probability during winter was nearly the same as during the nesting season; however, winter was the longest period and survival throughout winter was lower than other seasons. Implications We present the first inter-seasonal analysis of survival probability of the Pacific coast race of band-tailed pigeons and illustrate important temporal patterns that may influence future species management including harvest strategies and disease monitoring.
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Rother, Stefan. "Deutschlands Ko-Vorsitz im Globalen Forum für Migration und Entwicklung." Vereinte Nationen 67, no. 2 (2019): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35998/vn-2019-0023.
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Mercea, Peter Viktor, Christoph Losher, Marcus Petrasch, and Valer Toşa. "Migration of stabilizers and plasticizer from recycled polyvinylchloride." Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 24 (September 16, 2017): E112—E124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.21609.
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Von Suchodoletz, Dirk, Klaus Rechert, Randolph Welte, Maurice Van den Dobbelsteen, Bill Roberts, Jeffrey Van der Hoeven, and Jasper Schroder. "Automation of Flexible Migration Workflows." International Journal of Digital Curation 6, no. 1 (March 8, 2011): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v6i1.181.
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Many digital preservation scenarios are based on the migration strategy, which itself is heavily tool-dependent. For popular, well-defined and often open file formats – e.g., digital images, such as PNG, GIF, JPEG – a wide range of tools exist. Migration workflows become more difficult with proprietary formats, as used by the several text processing applications becoming available in the last two decades. If a certain file format can not be rendered with actual software, emulation of the original environment remains a valid option. For instance, with the original Lotus AmiPro or Word Perfect, it is not a problem to save an object of this type in ASCII text or Rich Text Format. In specific environments, it is even possible to send the file to a virtual printer, thereby producing a PDF as a migration output. Such manual migration tasks typically involve human interaction, which may be feasible for a small number of objects, but not for larger batches of files.We propose a novel approach using a software-operated VNC abstraction layer in order to replace humans with machine interaction. Emulators or virtualization tools equipped with a VNC interface are very well suited for this approach. But screen, keyboard and mouse interaction is just part of the setup. Furthermore, digital objects need to be transferred into the original environment in order to be extracted after processing. Nevertheless, the complexity of the new generation of migration services is quickly rising; a preservation workflow is now comprised not only of the migration tool itself, but of a complete software and virtual hardware stack with recorded workflows linked to every supported migration scenario. Thus the requirements of OAIS management must include proper software archiving, emulator selection, system image and recording handling. The concept of view-paths could help either to automatically determine the proper pre-configured virtual environment or to set up system images for certain migration workflows. View-paths may rise in demand, as the generation of PDF output files from Word Perfect input could be cached as pre-fabricated emulator system images. The current groundwork provides several possible optimizations, such as using the automation features of the original environments.
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Ji, Meng, Yanli Yao, Anan Liu, Ligang Shi, Danlei Chen, Liang Tang, Guang Yang, Xing Liang, Junfeng Peng, and Chenghao Shao. "lncRNA H19 binds VGF and promotes pNEN progression via PI3K/AKT/CREB signaling." Endocrine-Related Cancer 26, no. 7 (July 2019): 643–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-18-0552.
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Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are endocrine tumors arising in pancreas and is the most common neuroendocrine tumors. Mounting evidence indicates lncRNA H19 could be a determinant of tumor progression. However, the expression and mechanism of H19 and the relevant genes mediated by H19 in pNENs remain undefined. Microarray analysis was conducted to identify the differentially expressed lncRNAs in pNENs. H19 expression was analyzed in 39 paired pNEN tissues by qPCR. The biological role of H19 was determined by functional experiments. RNA pulldown, mass spectroscopy and RNA immunoprecipitation were performed to confirm the interaction between H19 and VGF. RNA-seq assays were performed after knockdown H19 or VGF. H19 was significantly upregulated in pNEN tissues with malignant behaviors, and the upregulation predicted poor prognosis in pNENs. In vitro and in vivo data showed that H19 overexpression promoted tumor growth and metastasis, whereas H19 knockdown led to the opposite phenotypes. H19 interacted with VGF, which was significantly upregulated in pNENs, and higher VGF expression was markedly related to poor differentiation and advanced stage. Furthermore, VGF was downregulated when H19 was knocked down, and VGF promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Mechanistic investigations revealed that H19 activated PI3K/AKT/CREB signaling and promoted pNEN progression by interacting with VGF. These findings indicate that H19 is a promising prognostic factor in pNENs with malignant behaviors and functions as an oncogene via the VGF-mediated PI3K/AKT/CREB pathway. In addition, our study implies that VGF may also serve as a candidate prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in pNENs.
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Papakonstantinou, V., and C. D. Papaspyrides. "Plasticizer migration from plasticized into unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride)." Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 16, no. 4 (December 1994): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730160404.
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Helfand, Brian T., Melissa G. Mendez, S. N. Prasanna Murthy, Dale K. Shumaker, Boris Grin, Saleemulla Mahammad, Ueli Aebi, et al. "Vimentin organization modulates the formation of lamellipodia." Molecular Biology of the Cell 22, no. 8 (April 15, 2011): 1274–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e10-08-0699.
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Vimentin intermediate filaments (VIF) extend throughout the rear and perinuclear regions of migrating fibroblasts, but only nonfilamentous vimentin particles are present in lamellipodial regions. In contrast, VIF networks extend to the entire cell periphery in serum-starved or nonmotile fibroblasts. Upon serum addition or activation of Rac1, VIF are rapidly phosphorylated at Ser-38, a p21-activated kinase phosphorylation site. This phosphorylation of vimentin is coincident with VIF disassembly at and retraction from the cell surface where lamellipodia form. Furthermore, local induction of photoactivatable Rac1 or the microinjection of a vimentin mimetic peptide (2B2) disassemble VIF at sites where lamellipodia subsequently form. When vimentin organization is disrupted by a dominant-negative mutant or by silencing, there is a loss of polarity, as evidenced by the formation of lamellipodia encircling the entire cell, as well as reduced cell motility. These findings demonstrate an antagonistic relationship between VIF and the formation of lamellipodia.
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Xuan, Botai, Deepraj Ghosh, Joy Jiang, Rachelle Shao, and Michelle R. Dawson. "Vimentin filaments drive migratory persistence in polyploidal cancer cells." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 43 (October 12, 2020): 26756–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011912117.
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Polyploidal giant cancer cells (PGCCs) are multinucleated chemoresistant cancer cells found in heterogeneous solid tumors. Due in part to their apparent dormancy, the effect of PGCCs on cancer progression has remained largely unstudied. Recent studies have highlighted the critical role of PGCCs as aggressive and chemoresistant cancer cells, as well as their ability to undergo amitotic budding to escape dormancy. Our recent study demonstrated the unique biophysical properties of PGCCs, as well as their unusual migratory persistence. Here we unveil the critical function of vimentin intermediate filaments (VIFs) in maintaining the structural integrity of PGCCs and enhancing their migratory persistence. We performed in-depth single-cell analysis to examine the distribution of VIFs and their role in migratory persistence. We found that PGCCs rely heavily on their uniquely distributed and polarized VIF network to enhance their transition from a jammed to an unjammed state to allow for directional migration. Both the inhibition of VIFs with acrylamide and small interfering RNA knockdown of vimentin significantly decreased PGCC migration and resulted in a loss of PGCC volume. Because PGCCs rely on their VIF network to direct migration and to maintain their enlarged morphology, targeting vimentin or vimentin cross-linking proteins could provide a therapeutic approach to mitigate the impact of these chemoresistant cells in cancer progression and to improve patient outcomes with chemotherapy.
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Papaspyrides, Constantine D. "Prior sample history vs. plasticizer migration phenomena in flexible poly(vinyl chloride) sheets." Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 13, no. 2 (June 1991): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730130203.
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Tohluebaji, Nikruesong, Chatchai Putson, and Nantakan Muensit. "High Electromechanical Deformation Based on Structural Beta-Phase Content and Electrostrictive Properties of Electrospun Poly(vinylidene fluoride- hexafluoropropylene) Nanofibers." Polymers 11, no. 11 (November 5, 2019): 1817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11111817.
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The poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) polymer based on electrostrictive polymers is essential in smart materials applications such as actuators, transducers, microelectromechanical systems, storage memory devices, energy harvesting, and biomedical sensors. The key factors for increasing the capability of electrostrictive materials are stronger dielectric properties and an increased electroactive β-phase and crystallinity of the material. In this work, the dielectric properties and microstructural β-phase in the P(VDF-HFP) polymer were improved by electrospinning conditions and thermal compression. The P(VDF-HFP) fibers from the single-step electrospinning process had a self-induced orientation and electrical poling which increased both the electroactive β-crystal phase and the spontaneous dipolar orientation simultaneously. Moreover, the P(VDF-HFP) fibers from the combined electrospinning and thermal compression achieved significantly enhanced dielectric properties and microstructural β-phase. Thermal compression clearly induced interfacial polarization by the accumulation of interfacial surface charges among two β-phase regions in the P(VDF-HFP) fibers. The grain boundaries of nanofibers frequently have high interfacial polarization, as they can trap charges migrating in an applied field. This work showed that the combination of electrospinning and thermal compression for electrostrictive P(VDF-HFP) polymers can potentially offer improved electrostriction behavior based on the dielectric permittivity and interfacial surface charge distributions for application in actuator devices, textile sensors, and nanogenerators.
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Lundsgaard, Rasmus, Georgios M. Kontogeorgis, Jørgen K. Kristiansen, and Torkil F. Jensen. "Modeling of the migration of glycerol monoester plasticizers in highly plasticized poly(vinyl chloride)." Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 15, no. 3 (September 2009): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.20193.
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Li, Yanke, Erlei Yu, Xiangming Yang, and Zhong Wei. "Multiarm hyperbranched polyester‐b‐Poly( ε ‐caprolactone):Plasticization effect and migration resistance for PVC." Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 26, no. 1 (May 23, 2019): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.21713.
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Duijns, Sjoerd, Lawrence J. Niles, Amanda Dey, Yves Aubry, Christian Friis, Stephanie Koch, Alexandra M. Anderson, and Paul A. Smith. "Body condition explains migratory performance of a long-distance migrant." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1866 (November 2017): 20171374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1374.
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Body condition (i.e. relative mass after correcting for structural size) affects the behaviour of migrating birds, but how body condition affects migratory performance, timing and fitness is still largely unknown. Here, we studied the effects of relative body condition on individual departure decisions, wind selectivity, flight speed and timing of migration for a long-distance migratory shorebird, the red knot Calidris canutus rufa. By using automated VHF telemetry on a continental scale, we studied knots' migratory movements with unprecedented temporal resolution over a 3-year period. Knots with a higher relative body condition left the staging site later than birds in lower condition, yet still arrived earlier to their Arctic breeding grounds compared to knots in lower relative body condition. They accomplished this by selecting more favourable winds at departure, thereby flying faster and making shorter stops en route . Individuals with a higher relative body condition in spring migrated south up to a month later than individuals in lower condition, suggesting that individuals in better condition were more likely to have bred successfully. Moreover, individuals with a lower relative body condition in spring had a lower probability of being detected in autumn, suggestive of increased mortality. The pressure to arrive early to the breeding grounds is considered to be an important constraint of migratory behaviour and this study highlights the important influence of body condition on migratory decisions, performance and potentially fitness of migrant birds.
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МИРЗОЕВА, С. Г., and Е. Х. АПАЖЕВА. "MIGRATION OF CIRCASSIANS TO THE ARAB REGIONS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH– EARLY 20TH CENTURIES." Известия СОИГСИ, no. 45(84) (September 14, 2022): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46698/vnc.2022.84.45.013.
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Статья посвящена исследованию положения северокавказских переселенцев в турецкой государственной системе и национальной политике во второй половине XIX в. Выселение черкесов с Северного Кавказа в Османскую империю приняло массовый характер во второй половине XIX в. Эта проблема становится все более актуальной в российской историографии в связи с постоянными миграциями населения из горячих точек планеты. Современные исследователи проводят исторические параллели и выявляют причины, ход и последствия изучаемых явлений. Анализ «второго» переселения черкесов с Балкан в арабские области Османской империи во второй половине XIX в. представляется необходимым как в прикладном, так и в теоретическом плане. Всестороннее изучение данного вопроса поможет осветить последствия поражения Османской империи в русско-турецкой войне 1877-1878 гг. для северокавказских переселенцев, изменение их статуса в местах нового размещения. В переселении черкесов за пределы Северного Кавказа были заинтересованы как Россия, так и Турция. У обеих сторон были свои планы по отношению к этим народам. С помощью данной политики Российская империи стремилась облегчить процесс освоения присоединенных земель после Кавказской войны. В свою очередь Османская империя охотно принимала черкесов в свои пределы для использования их в военных и государственно-административных ведомствах. В результате в арабских регионах империи появилось новое национальное меньшинство – черкесы. Турецкие султаны использовали северокавказских переселенцев для подавления национальных восстаний в присоединенных провинциях, где их и расселяли. Порта стремилась избегать компактного поселения черкесов, что привело к усилению черкесского элемента во всех сферах турецкого административно-государственно аппарата. The article is devoted to the study of the place of the North Caucasian settlers in the Turkish state system and national politics in the second half of the 19th century. The eviction of Circassians from the North Caucasus to the Ottoman Empire took on a massive character in the second half of the 19th century. This problem is becoming increasingly relevant in Russian historiography, due to the constant migration of the population from the hot spots of the planet. Modern researchers draw historical parallels and identify the causes, course and consequences of the studied phenomena. The analysis of the "second" resettlement of Circassians from the Balkans to the Arab regions of the Ottoman Empire in the second half of the 19th century seems necessary both in applied and theoretical terms. A comprehensive study of this issue will help to highlight the consequences of the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878 for the North Caucasian migrants, a change in status in places of new accommodation. Both Russia and Turkey were interested in the resettlement of Circassians outside the North Caucasus. Both sides had their own plans for these peoples. With the help of this policy, the Russian Empire sought to facilitate the process of development of the annexed lands after the Caucasian War. In turn, the Ottoman Empire willingly accepted the Circassians into its borders to use them in the military and state-administrative departments. Because of this policy, a new national minority, the Circassians, appeared in the Arab regions of the empire. The Turkish sultans used the North Caucasian settlers to suppress national uprisings in the annexed provinces, where they were settled. Porta sought to avoid the compact settlement of the Circassians, which led to the strengthening of the Circassian element in all spheres of the Turkish administrative and state apparatus.
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Alekseenko, A. P., and E. L. Lee. "Foreign approaches to increasing the migration attractiveness of northern, sparsely populated and hard-to-reach territories." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 559–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2208-02.
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Development of the Arctic zone of Russia and the Far Eastern Federal District and attraction of population to these territories have the strategic importance significance. To achieve this goal, various state programs are being implemented at the federal and regional levels and support measures are being provided. However, despite this, there is a stable migration outfl ow of the population. In this regard, there is a need to study the experience of states with regions similar in their characteristics to the Russian Arctic zone and the Far East. This article aims to identify and summarize foreign approaches to increase the migration attractiveness of northern, sparsely populated and hard-to-reach territories. Based on the use of the comparative method, as well as methods such as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, there were selected foreign regions for the study: Alaska, Nunavut, Yukon, the Northwest Territories of Canada, the Federal Northern Territory of Australia, the Norwegian province of Troms-og-Finnmark and the Swedish region of Norbotten. Among the main measures increasing migration attractiveness abroad are used: the use of tax deductions, increased transport accessibility and the implementation of infrastructure projects through public-private partnerships, development of telemedicine, direct payments, educational loans, increased regional wages, tax benefi ts for legal entities that attract citizens from other regions to permanent residence. It is also concluded that the higher the population density, the fewer support measures are applied. The authors conclude that some foreign measures, with a number of exceptions, could be used for the development of Russian regions. At the same time, it is argued that impractical of foreign experience in making direct payments is not successful.
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Godoy, José Maria Pereira de, Adinaldo A. Menezes da Silva, Luis Fernando Reis, Daniel Miquelin, and José Luis Simon Torati. "Braile Vena Cava Filter and Greenfield Filter in Terms of Centralization." Open Cardiovascular Medicine Journal 7, no. 1 (January 31, 2013): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874192401307010009.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate complications experienced during implantation of the Braile Vena Cava filter (VCF) and the efficacy of the centralization mechanism of the filter. This retrospective cohort study evaluated all Braile Biomédica VCFs implanted from 2004 to 2009 in Hospital de Base Medicine School in São José do Rio Preto, Brazil. Of particular concern was the filter’s symmetry during implantation and complications experienced during the procedure. All the angiographic examinations performed during the implantation of the filters were analyzed in respect to the following parameters: migration of the filter, non-opening or difficulties in the implantation and centralization of the filter. A total of 112 Braile CVFs were implanted and there were no reports of filter opening difficulties or in respect to migration. Asymmetry was observed in 1/112 (0.9%) cases. A statistically significant difference was seen on comparing historical data on decentralization of the Greenfield filter with the data of this study. The Braile Biomédico filter is an evolution of the Greenfield filter providing improved embolus capture and better implantation symmetry.
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Knyshova, A. "Prospects for Tajikistan’s accession to the EEU." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2004-06.
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The article analyzes the bilateral economic cooperation of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Russian Federation. The paper considers the possibilities and prospects of the Republic joining the Eurasian Economic Union. Topical issues of migration and investment cooperation were also considered. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the problems that the Republic of Tajikistan may encounter when joining the union, and possible ways to overcome them.
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Saginov, Vitaliy Leonidovich, and Nadezhda Yurievna Runova. "Factors affecting the migration of qualified specialists in the framework of the export of education." Lizing (Leasing), no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-03-2112-04.
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The mobility of qualified specialists is a trend in the modern economy. In addition to the brain drain, the concept of brain circulation has emerged, the source and constituent of which is the export of education and the international student mobility programs. Based on the systematization and analysis of scientific publications in international scientometric systems, the article highlights the factors influencing the decision of students participating in study programs abroad to stay in the host country or return home after the studies.
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Ojo, A. O., O. T. Olurin, S. A. Ganiyu, B. S. Badmus, and O. A. Idowu. "An Integrated Geophysical and Geochemical Investigation of an Open Dumpsite in a Sedimentary Formation." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 46, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 409–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2020.409.
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The extents of migration of leachate plumes and the probabilistic assessment of human health risks were carried out on Oke-Diya dumpsite, Sagamu, Southwestern Nigeria. Geophysical methods involving Very Low Frequency-Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) and Electrical Resistivity Topography (ERT) techniques, and Atomic Absorption Spectrometric (AAS) geochemical method were used to map and detect the presence and extent of leachate migration. The VLFEM pseudo-sections revealed conductive zones of responses 25 - 50 to a depth of about 15 m and approximated distance 50 m from the study area. The 2D and 3D ERT models delineated high conductive zones with very low resistivity values ranging from 0.551-6.54 and 2.4respectively. These conductive regions were observed to depths above 13.4 m and approximated distance 60 m from the study area in the 2D models. The 3D sections comprising of the horizontal depth slices, vertical planes and volumetric displays revealed regions with higher conductivity to a depth of about 21.9 m and approximated distance 50 m from the dumpsite. The mean concentrations of heavy metals Pb, Ni, Cd, Zn, Fe and Cu in the soil samples were higher than the concentrations in the control samples. The human health risk assessment indicated unacceptable values for non-carcinogenic adverse effects for both children and adults. The probabilistic cancer risks were within the acceptable range for Pb and unacceptable for Cd for both the children and adults. Generally, this study had identified areas of concentrated plumes accumulation and migration pathways, which were in agreement with earlier studies in sedimentary terrain.
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Dawson, Michelle R., and Deepraj Ghosh. "Abstract PR007: Physical and metabolic aspects of therapy induced senescence and polyploidy in an evolving tumor microenvironment." Cancer Research 83, no. 2_Supplement_1 (January 15, 2023): PR007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.agca22-pr007.
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Abstract Radiation and chemotherapy are highly effective at killing cancer cells but cells that survive treatment often develop therapy-induced senescence (TIS). Since growth is arrested in TIS, this has been considered a positive treatment outcome; however, senescent cells that remain metabolically active and develop a senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) can also promote cancer progression. In addition, a small number of cancer cells are able to escape this dormant state and contribute to cancer progression. Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) represent a small subpopulation of non-mitotic cancer cells that evades treatment through periods of transient dormancy and then relapses into full-blown disease through amitotic budding into chemoresistant progenitor cells. The PGCC phenotype mimics senescent cells in multiple ways, including enlarged size, increased beta-galactosidase expression, increased metabolic activity, and pro-inflammatory SASP; yet, there is a significant gap in our understanding of how PGCCs contribute to TIS escape and subsequent chemoresistance. In addition, increased numbers of large PGCCs are seen in late stage and metastatic cancers; yet, their role in tumor recurrence and metastasis has not been established. We previously showed PGCCs have a unique actin cytoskeletal organization, giving rise to elevated stiffness and migratory persistence. These findings prompted us to further examine vimentin intermediate filaments (VIFs) that act as shock absorbers in the cell, protecting cells from compressive loads. Based on this, we postulated that PGCCs have unique adaptations in their vimentin structure to help support their enlarged morphology and drive their persistent migration. Indeed, we showed that PGCCs have increased levels of cytoplasmic vimentin and evenly distributed VIFs compared to non-PGCCs. This dispersed network of VIFs often polarized at the leading-edge during migration, and was necessary for PGCCs phenotype, as disruption of VIFs decreased PGCC volume and blocked migratory persistence. The VIF network also scaffolds lysosomes and autophagosomes in the cytosol to regulate their fusion during autophagy. Our new data clearly shows that inhibiting autophagy with Bafilomycin limits PGCC migration. In addition, targeting VIF structure also blocks autophagy. Thus, the structure of VIFs and autophagic flux are both critical in directing PGCCs migratory persistence. We have developed a novel 3D tumor microenvironment model that allows us to monitor cancer cell behavior over 4-6 weeks, which allows us to monitor cell recovery from TIS and dormancy. Using this model, we show that PGCC’s unique biophysical properties are directly linked to their dysregulated metabolism and altered cell structure. These studies provide critical information about how aging, TIS, and polyploidy affect evolving tumor microenvironments. Citation Format: Michelle R. Dawson, Deepraj Ghosh. Physical and metabolic aspects of therapy induced senescence and polyploidy in an evolving tumor microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Aging and Cancer; 2022 Nov 17-20; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;83(2 Suppl_1):Abstract nr PR007.
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Hu, Jiliang, Yiwei Li, Yukun Hao, Tianqi Zheng, Satish K. Gupta, German Alberto Parada, Huayin Wu, et al. "High stretchability, strength, and toughness of living cells enabled by hyperelastic vimentin intermediate filaments." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 35 (August 13, 2019): 17175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1903890116.
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In many developmental and pathological processes, including cellular migration during normal development and invasion in cancer metastasis, cells are required to withstand severe deformations. The structural integrity of eukaryotic cells under small deformations has been known to depend on the cytoskeleton including actin filaments (F-actin), microtubules (MT), and intermediate filaments (IFs). However, it remains unclear how cells resist severe deformations since both F-actin and microtubules yield or disassemble under moderate strains. Using vimentin containing IFs (VIFs) as a model for studying the large family of IF proteins, we demonstrate that they dominate cytoplasmic mechanics and maintain cell viability at large deformations. Our results show that cytoskeletal VIFs form a stretchable, hyperelastic network in living cells. This network works synergistically with other cytoplasmic components, substantially enhancing the strength, stretchability, resilience, and toughness of cells. Moreover, we find the hyperelastic VIF network, together with other quickly recoverable cytoskeletal components, forms a mechanically robust structure which can mechanically recover after damage.
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Lesage, Véronique, Mike O. Hammill, and Kit M. Kovacs. "Long-distance movements of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) from a seasonally ice-covered area, the St. Lawrence River estuary, Canada." Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, no. 7 (July 1, 2004): 1070–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z04-084.
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Previous studies of harbour seal (Phoca vitulina L., 1758) movements indicate that this species is relatively sedentary throughout the year. However, few investigations have examined their movements and seasonal distribution patterns in ice-covered areas. This study used spatial analysis of ice data and movement data from harbour seals collected via satellite (n = 7) and VHF radiotelemetry (n = 15) to explore this species' spatial use patterns in a seasonally ice-covered region, the St. Lawrence River estuary, Canada. When solid ice formed within the bays of the estuary, four of the seven satellite-tagged animals (all adult males) left their summer haul-out areas, migrating 266 ± 202 km (range 65–520 km) to over-wintering sites. The seals exhibited preference for areas of light to intermediate ice conditions during the winter months; at least six of the seven seals occupied areas with lighter ice conditions than those that prevailed generally in the study area. Evidence of high abundance of potential prey for harbour seals in the estuary during winter suggests that reduced availability of adequate food resources is not the primary factor which influences the movement and distribution patterns of harbour seals. Movement patterns observed during the ice-free period concur with previously reported harbour seal behaviour; the seals remained near the coast (<6.1–11.0 km from shore) in shallow water areas (<50 m deep in 100% VHF and 90% SLTDRs (satellite-linked time-depth recorders)) and travelled only short distances (15–45 km) from capture sites. None of the VHF- or satellite-tagged seals crossed the 350 m deep Laurentian channel, which suggests that this deep body of water might represent a physical barrier to this coastal population.
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Karashchuk, O. S., and A. I. Boldyasov. "Differences in the development of domestic trade in the federal districts of Russia." Lizing (Leasing), no. 5 (October 24, 2022): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-03-2205-01.
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Differences in the development of trade in certain regions of Russia create disproportions in meeting the demand for consumer goods and services of the country's residents living in different territories. The consequences of such differences are expressed in negative phenomena in the economy, including the migration of the population to regions with better consumption conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to study the differences in the level of trade development in the federal districts of Russia, determine the composition of the lagging districts, and develop proposals for smoothing out territorial disproportions in the development of trade. The official statistical information of Russia by federal districts was used in order to determine the differences in the development of trade. The research methods used in the work included the dynamics comparison and evaluation. The article also considered the reasons for the disproportionate development of trade in different parts of the country. Based on the results of the study, the recommendations to overcome regional disproportions in the development of trade in Russia were made. Such proposals included the creation of a system of wholesale food markets based on public-private partnerships in accordance with the adopted state programs, as well as the revision of the system and tax rates in favor of regional and local budgets.
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БАШИРОВ, М. С. Э., and Э. Х. ХАСМАГОМАДОВ. "TOWARDS THE HISTORY AND POPULATION COMPOSITION OF THE HISTORICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS GUMBET, ANDI AND ALATAVIA." Известия СОИГСИ, no. 39(78) (March 31, 2021): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46698/vnc.2021.78.39.013.
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В публикуемой статье рассматривается вопрос взаимного проникновения и исторических контактов населения приграничных областей Чечни и Дагестана – Гумбета, Анди и Салатавии. В исследовании приводится ряд документальных, нарративных (рукописи) и этнографических источников, позволяющих более тщательно взглянуть на вопрос этногенеза обществ указанных историко-географических областей. Кроме того, выявляется закономерность, согласно которой в пространстве между реками Аргун и Кара-Койсу (приток Сулака) распространен целый ряд топонимов и общин, чьи названия обнаруживают основу гун / хун / хон, что, как это видно из источников, увязывается с кавказскими гуннами, или хонами. Также в контексте затронутой проблематики указывается на движение этнических масс с запада (Нашха, Шубут и т.д.) и юга (Ичкерия) в область Анди и далее – в Салатавию через область Гумбет. Проводится попытка определить время возникновения аула Анди, а также выявить общества и личности, принявшие участие в основании села и выступившие в качестве этнического субстрата, по крайней мере, северной группы андийских поселений и тохумов. Отмечается роль Унсура (Энсура), его братьев Баши и Араша, а также владетелей Ануша и Харчи-хана, принявших первого в андийской котловине после его исхода «из селения Шубут» вследствие произошедшего кровопролития. На основании разностороннего анализа, с привлечением архивных материалов авторами указывается на участие общин Дишний, Гуной, Вашандарой, Харачой, Беной, Зумсой и др. в качестве субстрата при формировании североандийских поселений, а также их частичной миграции в Салатавию. The published article examines the issue of mutual penetration and historical contacts of the population of the border regions of Chechnya and Dagestan - Gumbet, Andi and Salatavia. The study provides a number of documentary, narrative (manuscripts) and ethnographic sources that allow a more thorough look at the issue of the ethnogenesis of societies in these historical and geographical areas. In addition, a pattern is revealed according to which a number of toponyms and communities are widespread in the space between the Argun and Kara-Koisu rivers (a tributary of the Sulak), whose names reveal the basis of the Gun / Hun / Khon, which, as can be seen from the sources, is associated with the Caucasian Huns , or hons. Also, in the context of the problems touched upon, the movement of ethnic masses from the west (Nashkha, Shubut, etc.) and south (Ichkeria) to the Andi region and further to Salatavia through the Gumbet region is indicated. An attempt is made to determine the time of the emergence of the Andi aul, as well as to identify the societies and individuals who took part in the founding of the village and acted as an ethnic substratum, at least, of the northern group of Andean settlements and Tohums. The role of Unsur (Ensur), his brothers Bashi and Arash, as well as the rulers of Anush and Kharchi-khan, who took the first in the Andean basin after his exodus “from the village of Shubut” due to the bloodshed, is noted. Based on a multifaceted analysis, with the involvement of archival materials, the authors point out the participation of the communities of Dishny, Guna, Washandara, Kharacha, Benoy, Zumsoy, etc. as a substrate in the formation of North Indian settlements, as well as their partial migration to Salatavia.
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АРАКЕЛОВА, В. А. "CHRISTIAN ELEMENTS IN THE ZAZA-ALEVIT RELIGION." Kavkaz-forum, no. 11(18) (September 20, 2022): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46698/vnc.2022.18.11.002.
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Заза – иранский народ, населяющий преимущественно регион Дерсима (нынешний Тунджели в Восточной Анатолии). Часть заза – сунниты, остальные исповедуют синкретическую религию, формально относимую к алевизму, однако отмеченную рядом специфических черт, характерных исключительно для религиозной традиции заза-алевитов. Среди последних – внушительный пласт христианских элементов, заимствованных в период многовековых тесных контактов с соседями-армянами. Предки заза, переселившиеся из прикаспийского Дейлама на крайний запад исторической Высокой Армении в результате нескольких волн миграции в X-XII вв., почти целое тысячелетие, вплоть до начала XX века, то есть до Геноцида армян и полной деарменизации региона, жили в тесном контакте с армянами, что в значительное мере повлияло на культуру заза, их религиозную традицию и язык. Данная статья – краткий обзор некоторых аспектов, иллюстрирующих указанное влияние, а именно: поклонение армянским христианским святыням в среде заза, черты христианских святых в образах народного пантеона заза, армянская христианская терминология в языке заза.Религия заза-алевитов есть не столько сложнейшее явление, сколько процесс, который, по сути, не завершен и продолжается. Его уникальность во многом определяется селективностью заимствованных народным сознанием элементов, а также особенностями их вплетенности в ее системные компоненты (в культ, комплекс верований, мировоззренческую парадигму).Помимо черт, сохранившихся от времен глубокой архаики, в ее культовой практике переплетаются элементы целого ряда религий: Древнего Ирана, Индии, зороастризма, христианства, ислама. Это объясняется тем, что этногенез заза-алевитов происходил на культурном стыке Запада и Востока. The Zazas are an Iranian people predominantly inhabiting the Dersim region (today's Tunceli in Eastern Anatolia). Part of the Zazas are Sunnis, the rest profess a syncretic religion, formally attributed to Alevism, but marked by a number of specific features that are characteristic exclusively of the religious tradition of the Zaza-Alevis. Among the latter there is an impressive layer of Christian elements, borrowed during the period of centuries of close contacts with Armenian neighbors. The ancestors of the Zazas, who moved from the Caspian Deylam to the extreme west of historical High Armenia as a result of several waves of migration in the 10th-12th centuries, lived in close contact with Armenians, which greatly influenced the Zaza culture, their religious tradition and language. This article is a brief overview of some aspects illustrating this influence, namely: the worship of Armenian Christian shrines in the Zaza environment, the features of Christian saints in the images of the Zaza folk pantheon, Armenian Christian terminology in the Zaza language. The Zaza-Alevi religion is not so much a complex phenomenon as a process that, in fact, is not completed and still continues. Its uniqueness is largely determined by the selectivity of the elements borrowed by the people's consciousness, as well as the peculiarities of their interweaving into its system components (into a cult, a complex of beliefs, a worldview paradigm). In addition to the features that have been preserved from the times of deep archaism, elements of a number of religions are intertwined in its cult practice: Ancient Iran, India, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, Islam. This is explained by the fact that the ethnogenesis of the Zaza-Alevis took place at the cultural junction of the West and the East.
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Г.В., ЧОЧИЕВ,. "IMMIGRATION, SETTLEMENT AND ADAPTATION OF THE NORTH CAUCASIANS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE 2ND HALF OF THE XIX – EARLY XX C." Известия СОИГСИ, no. 46(85) (December 19, 2022): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46698/vnc.2022.85.46.003.
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Прояснение ряда аспектов северокавказского мухаджирства 2-й половины XIX – начала ХХ в. остается довольно актуальной задачей. В настоящей статье кратко характеризуются основные вопросы иммиграции, колонизации и адаптации северокавказцев в Османской империи в свете в основном данных турецких архивных источников. Предложена периодизация миграционного движения в зависимости от его интенсивности и масштабов, которые, в свою очередь, коррелировали со степенью жесткости российского подхода к проблеме выселения нелояльных горцев. Уточняются некоторые внешнеполитические мотивы выбора Портой мест расселения иммигрантов, обусловленные, в частности, требованиями и интересами России и Англии. Обращается внимание на то обстоятельство, что, несмотря на несомненную нацеленность османских властей на скорейшее превращение переселенцев в производительный аграрный элемент, происходило неуклонное сокращение объемов предоставляемой им материальной помощи и сроков налоговых и конскрипционных льгот вследствие вызванного этими расходами давления на государственный бюджет. Рассмотрены некоторые недостатки османской колонизационной политики, проистекавшие из недостаточности выделяемых финансовых средств, неэффективности административно-бюрократического аппарата и др. и порождавшие неблагополучие поселенцев, их требования о смене районов проживания, земельные и иные конфликты с местным населением, обращение к криминальной активности и т.п. Изначальное рассмотрение имперской элитой северокавказцев в качестве лояльного элемента оказывало существенное влияние на процессы их адаптации и интеграции на новой родине, открывая им широкий доступ в регулярные и нерегулярные армейские подразделения, полицию и жандармерию, а также на гражданскую государственную службу. The clarification of a number of aspects of the North Caucasian muhajirism of the 2nd half of the 19th and early 20th centuries remains a fairly urgent task. This article briefly characterizes the major issues of immigration, colonization and adaptation of the North Caucasians in the Ottoman Empire chiefly in the light of Turkish archival sources. A periodization of the migration movement is proposed depending on its intensity and scale, which, in turn, correlated with the degree of rigidity of the Russian approach to the problem of eviction of disloyal highlanders. Some foreign policy motives for the choice of places for immigrant settlement by the Porte, determined, in particular, by the requirements and interests of Russia and England, are clarified. Attention is drawn to the fact that, despite the undoubted focus of the Ottoman authorities on the fast transformation of the settlers into a productive agrarian element, there was a steady reduction in the volume of material assistance provided to them and the terms of tax and conscription exemption due to the pressure on the state budget caused by these expenditures. Some shortcomings of the Ottoman colonization policy are considered, which stemmed from the insufficiency of allocated financial resources and the inefficiency of the administrative-bureaucratic apparatus and which produced the ill-being of the settlers, their demands to change their areas of residence, land and other conflicts with the local population, resort to criminal activity, etc. The initial perception by the imperial elite of the North Caucasians as a loyal element had a significant impact on the processes of their adaptation and integration in their new homeland, opening up wide access for them to regular and irregular army units, the police and gendarmerie, as well as to the civil state service.
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ЧОЧИЕВ, Г. В., and И. Б. Т. МАРЗОЕВ. "MUSA-BEY TUGANOV’S MISSION FOR THE RETURN OF CAUCASIAN SETTLERS FROM SYRIA." Известия СОИГСИ, no. 40(79) (July 1, 2021): 140–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46698/vnc.2021.79.40.010.
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Проблема возвращения на родину представителей северокавказской диаспоры возникла вскоре после начала массовых миграций горцев в Османскую империю в 1860-х гг., однако в силу негативной позиции в данном вопросе официальных Санкт-Петербурга и Стамбула не получила своего решения. Попытки отдельных северокавказских общественных деятелей остановить поток эмиграции своих соотечественников в султанские владения дали лишь ограниченный результат. В свете этого обращает на себя внимание относящаяся к концу XIX – началу XX в. инициатива представителей горской традиционной знати по организации возвращения части проживающих в Сирии переселенцев на Кавказ, описываемая в публикуемых мемуарах М.Дж. Туганова. Текст содержит свидетельства обеспокоенности горских элит нарушением этнодемографического баланса в регионе из-за продолжающегося исхода оттуда коренного населения, их возможностей лоббирования проекта репатриации северокавказцев в высших эшелонах российской власти и координации ими своих усилий с высокопоставленными османскими черкесами. Отказ подавляющего большинства колонистов от предоставленной им возможности возвращения на Кавказ отражает факт их успешной адаптации и интеграции к этому времени на их новой родине. Интерес представляют также наблюдения Туганова за особенностями жизни и социального поведения известных и рядовых членов северокавказского диаспорного сообщества в османском государстве. The problem of repatriation of the representatives of North Caucasian diaspora arose shortly after the start of mass migrations of mountaineers to the Ottoman Empire in the 1860s. However, due to the negative position on this issue of official St. Petersburg and Istanbul, the problem has not been resolved. Attempts by individual North Caucasian public figures to stop the flow of emigration of their compatriots to the sultan’s domains yielded only limited results. In light of this, attention is drawn to the initiative of some representatives of the Mountaineer traditional nobility, dating back to the late XIX and early XX c., to organize the return to the Caucasus of some of the migrants living in Syria, which is described in the memoirs of M.J. Tuganov. The text contains evidence of the concern of the Mountaineer elites about the alteration of the ethno-demographic balance in the region due to the ongoing exodus of the indigenous population, their abilities to lobby in the upper echelons of Russian power for the project of repatriation of North Caucasians and their coordination with some high-ranking Ottoman Circassians. The refusal of the overwhelming majority of the settlers from the opportunity to return to the Caucasus reflects the fact of their successful adaptation and integration by this time in their new homeland. Tuganov’s observations of the peculiarities of life and social behavior of well-known and ordinary members of the North Caucasian diaspora community in the Ottoman state are also of interest.
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Босиков, И. И., Р. В. Клюев, К. В. Темиров, and А. И. Мазко. "Comprehensive assessment of parameters and regularities of the distribution of precious metals affecting their productivity." Геология и геофизика Юга России, no. 3 (September 27, 2021): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46698/vnc.2021.99.14.010.
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За последние десятилетия, начиная с шестидесятых годов двадцатого века, производство благородных металлов неуклонно возрастает на 12% в год. Причём, спрос опережает предложение. Это связано отчасти с тем, что благородные металлы являются эквивалентом стоимости человеческого труда, а с другой стороны возрастает их промышленное использование, основанное на свойствах элементов этой группы металлов. Цель исследований: провести анализ и комплексную оценку параметров и закономерностей распределения благородных металлов (БМ) влияющих на их продуктивность. Методика исследований. Проводился минералого-петрографический анализ шлихов из скважин, пробирный анализ золота из разведочных скважин, фациальный и формационный анализ, гранулометрический анализ. Результаты исследований. Крупность золота в коренных месторождениях оказывает прямое и решающее влияние на продуктивность образованных ими россыпей: чем мельче золото, тем ниже продуктивность. Объясняется это, тем что, мелкие и субмикроскопические зерна золота обладают большой миграционной способностью в водно-аллювиальной среде, такое золото не будет образовывать крупных россыпных месторождений. По результатам пробирных анализов золота из разведочных скважин, средняя шлиховая пробность металла в пределах площади данного подсчета запасов составляет 890,1‰ и колеблется в основном в диапазоне 889–898, в одном случае понижается до 840 (линия 24). Лигатурная пробность меняется незначительно, в пределах 900–923 и в среднем равна 910,4‰. Приведенные данные согласуются с результатами аффинажа золота, добытого в 2002 г. на прилегающем участке месторождения. По итогам аффинажных работ, выполнявшихся в 2002 г. на аффинажном заводе, шлиховая пробность на отработанном Восточном участке исследуемой россыпи составила в среднем 893,7‰, лигатурная – 908,7‰. Over the past decades, since the sixties of the twentieth century, the production of precious metals has steadily increased by 12% per year. Moreover, demand outstrips supply. This is partly due to the fact that noble metals are the equivalent of the value of human labor, and on the other hand, their industrial use is increasing, based on the properties of elements of this group of metals. Aim. To analyze and comprehensively assess the parameters and patterns of distribution of noble metals (NM) affecting their productivity. Methods. Mineralogical and petrographic analysis of concentrates from wells, assay analysis of gold from exploration wells, facies and formation analysis, and particle size analysis were carried out. Results. The size of gold in primary deposits has a direct and decisive influence on the productivity of placers formed by them: the finer the gold, the lower the productivity. This is explained by the fact that small and submicroscopic gold grains have a high migration capacity in the water-alluvial environment, such gold will not form large alluvial deposits. According to the results of assay analyzes of gold from exploration wells, the average placer fineness of the metal within the area of this reserve calculation is 890.1‰ and fluctuates mainly in the range of 889-898, in one case it decreases to 840 (line 24). The ligature fineness varies insignificantly, within 900-923 and is on average 910.4‰. These data are consistent with the results of the refining of gold mined in 2002 in the adjacent area of the deposit. According to the results of the refining works carried out in 2002 at the refinery, the placer fineness in the worked out Vostochny area of the studied placer averaged 893.7‰, the ligature fineness - 908.7‰.
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Январёв, Г. С. "Latest structure and geodynamics of Western Caucasus (based on decoding of satellite images)." Геология и геофизика Юга России, no. 4() (December 21, 2020): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46698/vnc.2020.55.16.002.
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Геодинамический анализ является важнейшим компонентом регио- нальных геологических исследований. Использование дистанционных методов при геологическом кар- тировании закрытых территорий существенно повышает информативность геологической карты и эф- фективность прогнозно-поисковых работ. Цель работы. В работе рассматривается взаимосвязь рельефа с неотектоническими движениями. Обращается внимание на основные морфологические элементы тер- ритории на разных уровнях генерализации цифровой модели рельефа. Методы исследования. Произ- ведено дешифрирование цифровой модели рельефа, выделены линеаменты различных порядков (зоны селективной эрозии) как реакция экзогенных процессов на новейшие тектонические деформации. Дана геодинамическая интерпретация выявленных структур. Проведены палеогеографические реконструкции положения русел основных рек в плиоцен-голоценовый период. Результаты исследования. Установлено правосдвиговое смещение мозаики тектонических блоков на разных уровнях генерализации, нашедшее отражение в современных деформациях рельефа. Об этом свидетельствуют геометрические характери- стики дешифрируемых элементов, кулисообразное расположение периодических серий линеаментов, косое расположение линеаментов относительно линии главного разлома, ориентированных в соответ- ствии с эллипсом деформации, наложение структур друг на друга. Сдвиг по разлому в доплиоценовом фундаменте находит свое отражение в сложном поле напряжений перекрывающего чехла. Деформации соответствуют сколам Риделя, что подтверждается экспериментами, выполненными другими исследова- телями. Активизация тектонических движений привела к образованию тектонических клиньев, создавших естественные дамбы на пути движения водных потоков, что привело к существенной перестройке геомор- фологии и палеогеографии территории. Выявлена миграция русел основных рек в западном направлении в плейстоцен-голоценовый период, их врезание в подстилающие отложения с образованием висячих до- лин. Relevance. Geodynamic analysis is an essential component of regional geological research. The use of remote methods for geological mapping of closed territories significantly increases the information content of the geological map and the effectiveness of forecast and search operations. Aim. The paper considers the relationship of terrain with neotectonic movements. Attention is drawn to the main morphological elements of the territory at different levels of generalization of the digital terrain model. Method of research. The digital terrain model was deciphered and lineaments of various orders (zones of selective erosion) were identified) as a reaction of exogenous processes to the latest tectonic deformations. Geodynamic interpretation of the identified structures is given. Paleogeographic reconstructions of the position of the main riverbeds in the Pliocene- Holocene period were carried out. Results. The right-hand shift of the tectonic block mosaic at different levels of generalization is found, which is reflected in modern relief deformations. This is evidenced by the geometric characteristics of the elements to be decoded, the rocker-like arrangement of periodic series of lineaments, the oblique arrangement of lineaments relative to the main fault line, oriented in accordance with the deformation ellipse, and the superposition of structures on each other. The fault shift in the pre-Pliocene basement is reflected in the complex stress field of the overlapping cover. The deformations correspond to Riedel chips, which is confirmed by experiments performed by other researchers. The activation of tectonic movements led to the formation of tectonic wedges that created natural dams in the path of water flows, which led to a significant restructuring of the geomorphology and paleogeography of the territory. The migration of the main riverbeds in the Western direction during the Pleistocene-Holocene period, their embedding in the underlying sediments with the formation of hanging valleys, was revealed.
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Э.Т., ГУТИЕВА,. "PLAUSIBLE COGNATES OF THE OSSETIAN LÆG IN ENGLISH." Известия СОИГСИ, no. 46(85) (December 19, 2022): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.46698/vnc.2022.85.46.012.
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Доказательство индоевропейского характера осетинской лексемы лæг/læg «мужчина, муж» имеет принципиальное значение для интерпретации целого ряда явлений за пределами осетинского языка. Слово традиционно считается субстратным и обычно обсуждается в контексте кавказских параллелей. Представляется актуальным пересмотреть статус данного корня и исследовать его в рамках индоевропейской парадигмы. В группу возможных когнатов лæг/læg на основании семантического и фонетического непротиворечия возможно включать достаточно широкий круг слов известных нам языков. Наше исследование позволяет расширить список когнатов за счет расширения ареала поиска, с включением лексики производного характера, архаической, сниженной, ономастической лексики. В германских языках большая группа слов, обсуждаемая как разрозненные факты, объединяется в единое деривационное этимологическое гнездо. Современные английские слова lay, lag, fellow, bloke, Blackleg, Jackleg не принадлежат к ядру лексико-семантической группы «мужчина». Напротив, большинство из них сохранились в недрах сниженной лексики, которая отличается этимологической «неразборчивостью», миграционностью и недолговечностью своих терминов. Вопрос о природе совпадений осетинского и английских экспонентов допускает ряд ответов – они могут являться омофоничными случайными образованиями, либо быть признаками глубинных сармато-аланских связей с германскими племенами и остальными индоевропейцами. Третий вариант ответа представляется наиболее вероятным: данные лексемы являются рефлексами независимого развития общего корня, свидетельствами его архаизации в большинстве индоевропейских языков, где его функционирование и пик языковой активности пришелся на дописьменную стадию развития соответствующих языков, в отличие от осетинского, где этот корень сохранился по настоящее время. The proof of the Indo-European character of the Ossetian læg "man, husband" is of fundamental importance for the interpretation of a number of phenomena outside of the Ossetian language itself. The word is traditionally considered a substratum loan and is usually discussed in the context of its Caucasian parallels. It seems relevant to reconsider the status of this root and explore it within the framework of the Indo-European paradigm. On the basis of semantic and phonetic consistency, it is possible to include a fairly wide range of words in the known languages into the group of its plausible cognates. Our study allows us to expand the range of the cognates by expanding the search area, with the inclusion of derivatives, archaic, reduced, or onomastic vocabulary. In the Germanic languages a large group of words, discussed as disparate facts, can be combined into a single derivational etymological nest. Modern English words lay, lag, fellow, bloke, blackleg, Jackleg do not belong to the core of the lexical-semantic group «man». On the contrary, most of them have been preserved in the bowels of a reduced vocabulary, which is distinguished by the etymological «illegibility», migration and short lifespan of its terms. The question about the nature of the coincidences of the Ossetian and English exponents suggests a number of answers - they can be homophonic random formations, or they can be signs of deep Sarmatian-Alanian ties with the Germanic tribes and other Indo-Europeans. The third answer seems to be the most probable: these lexemes are reflections of the independent development of a common root in the Indo-European languages, evidences of its archaization, whose functioning and peak of activity was during the pre-literate stage of development of the respective languages, this root have been preserved by the Ossetian language.
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Туаллагов, А. А. "ON THE HISTORY OF ZOOMORPHIC IMAGES OF “ALANIAN HERALDRY”." Известия СОИГСИ, no. 47(86) (March 21, 2023): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46698/vnc.2023.86.47.007.
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Статья посвящена анализу сведений западноевропейских письменных источников о зооморфной символике алан. Актуальность затрагиваемой проблемы определяется отсутствием в научных изданиях ее целостного рассмотрения с учетом всех известных вариантов таких сведений. Новизна исследования диктуется непосредственным обращением к широкому фонду письменных средневековых свидетельств в формате этнологических позиций, которые в них представлены. Таким образом, целью исследования является определение и анализ зооморфных образов как символов алан. В основу исследования положены методы текстуального исследования при соблюдении принципов конкретности, историзма, всесторонности, историографической традиции и системности изложения. Наиболее часто приводимым символом алан у средневековых авторов является кошка. Однако все они оказываются в зависимости от единственного источника, чья конкретная фиксация и авторство остаются невыясненными. Данный символ представлен объединяющим для алан и германских народов, к числу которых на псевдоисторических основаниях относили и самих алан. Известные факты позволяют полагать, что данный символ был приписан аланам именно за счет данного положения, в частности, представленного в теории нордизма. Свое влияние могли оказывать и некоторые библейские аллюзии. За счет ложноэтимологического осмысления названия животного единожды символом алан объявляется куница. Другим примером ложноэтимологического осмысления является редкое указание на символ алан в образе собаки. В целом, представленные у средневековых западноевропейских авторов утверждения о зооморфных символах алан не вызывают к себе должного доверия. Они не имеют своего независимого подтверждения и появляются спустя столетия после того, как некогда пришедшие в контексте событий Великого переселения народов в Западную Европу аланы давно сошли с исторической арены. The article is devoted to the analysis of information from Western European written sources about the zoomorphic symbolism of the Alans. The relevance of the affected problem is determined by the absence in scientific publications of its holistic consideration, taking into account all known variants of such information. The novelty of the study is dictated by the direct appeal to a wide fund of written medieval evidence in the format of ethnological positions that are presented in them. Thus, the purpose of the study is to identify and analyze zoomorphic images as symbols of the Alans. The study is based on the methods of textual research in compliance with the principles of concreteness, historicism, comprehensiveness, historiographical tradition and systematic presentation. The most frequently cited symbol of the Alans in medieval authors is a cat. However, they all turn out to depend on a single source, whose specific fixation and authorship remain unclear. This symbol is represented as a unifying one for the Alans and the Germanic peoples, among whom the Alans themselves were included on pseudo-historical grounds. Known facts suggest that this symbol was attributed to the Alans precisely due to this provision, in particular, presented in the theory of Nordism. Some biblical allusions could also have their influence. Due to the false etymological interpretation of the animal's name, the marten is declared the symbol of Alan once. Another example of a false etymological interpretation is a rare reference to the symbol of the Alans in the image of a dog. In general, the assertions presented by medieval Western European authors about the zoomorphic symbols of the Alans do not inspire due confidence. They do not have their own independent confirmation and appear centuries after the Alans, who once came in the context of the events of the Great Migration of Peoples to Western Europe, have long since left the historical arena.
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Hannedouche, Sebastien, Valerie Beck, Juliet Leighton-Davies, Martin Beibel, Guglielmo Roma, Edward J. Oakeley, Vincent Lannoy, et al. "Identification of the C3a Receptor (C3AR1) as the Target of the VGF-derived Peptide TLQP-21 in Rodent Cells." Journal of Biological Chemistry 288, no. 38 (August 12, 2013): 27434–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m113.497214.
Full textAbstract:
TLQP-21, a peptide derived from VGF (non-acronymic) by proteolytic processing, has been shown to modulate energy metabolism, differentiation, and cellular response to stress. Although extensively investigated, the receptor for this endogenous peptide has not previously been described. This study describes the use of a series of studies that show G protein-coupled receptor-mediated biological activity of TLQP-21 signaling in CHO-K1 cells. Unbiased genome-wide sequencing of the transcriptome from responsive CHO-K1 cells identified a prioritized list of possible G protein-coupled receptors bringing about this activity. Further experiments using a series of defined receptor antagonists and siRNAs led to the identification of complement C3a receptor-1 (C3AR1) as a target for TLQP-21 in rodents. We have not been able to demonstrate so far that this finding is translatable to the human receptor. Our results are in line with a large number of physiological observations in rodent models of food intake and metabolic control, where TLQP-21 shows activity. In addition, the sensitivity of TLQP-21 signaling to pertussis toxin is consistent with the known signaling pathway of C3AR1. The binding of TLQP-21 to C3AR1 not only has effects on signaling but also modulates cellular functions, as TLQP-21 was shown to have a role in directing migration of mouse RAW264.7 cells.
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Cruz, Juan Pablo, Arjun Sahgal, Cari Whyne, Michael G. Fehlings, and Roger Smith. "Tumor extravasation following a cement augmentation procedure for vertebral compression fracture in metastatic spinal disease." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 21, no. 3 (September 2014): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.4.spine13695.
Full textAbstract:
Balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) has been proven to be safe and effective in the management of pathological vertebral compression fracture (VCF) due to metastatic spinal disease. The most common serious complications related to BKP include cement extravasation and new fractures at adjacent levels. Although the potential for “tumor extravasation” has been discussed as a potential iatrogenic complication, it has yet to be confirmed. The authors report on 2 cases of tumor extravasation following BKP, which they base on an observed unusual rapid tumor spread pattern into the adjacent tissues. They postulate that by increasing the vertebral body internal pressure and disrupting the tissues during balloon inflation and cement application, a soft-tissue tumor can be forced beyond the vertebral bony boundaries through pathological cortical defects. This phenomenon can manifest radiologically as subligamentous spread and/or extension into venous sinusoids, resulting in epidural venous plexus involvement, with subsequent tumor migration into the adjacent vertebral segments. Accordingly, the authors advise caution in using BKP when significant epidural tumor is present. The complication they encountered has caused them to modify their preference such that they now first use radiosurgery and subsequently BKP to ensure the target is appropriately treated, and they are currently developing possible modifications of procedural technique to reduce the risk.
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Ilori, Abolaji Okikiade, Kamoli Akinwale Amusa, and Tolulope Christianah Erinosho. "Digital terrestrial television in Nigeria: A technical review of path loss modeling and optimization techniques." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v11.i3.pp277-286.
Full textAbstract:
<span>The switch from analog to digital terrestrial broadcasting (DTTV) has resulted in a substantial shift in the contemporary television broadcasting environment, introducing a new means of transmitting content, as well as a new and upgraded process that will improve consumer satisfaction by ensuring greater reception. Despite the deadline, only a small percentage of terrestrial television stations in Nigeria have been digitalized. This work takes a critical review of various aspects of DTTV implementation, ranging from evolution to path loss estimation, prospects and challenges associated with the switch-over on the very high frequency (VHF) communication links as well as various optimization techniques that are adopted for DTTV in Nigeria and sub-Sahara Africa. Findings show that the prospects are bright and numerous benefits are accruable if the government of Nigeria can solve the problems facing its full migration. Furthermore, investigations into the path-loss of DTTV in the ultra-high frequency (UHF) communication links have enjoyed scanty attention, therefore, careful examination and suitable path-loss model development in this frequency regime for TV services across various ecological and vegetation zones should be considered as it will aid the full deployment of DTTV in Nigeria.</span>
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Yu, Xiaosong, Lu Lu, Yongli Zhao, Feng Wang, Avishek Nag, Xinghua Li, and Jie Zhang. "Virtual Network Provisioning over Mixed-Fixed/Flexible-Grid Optical Infrastructures." Electronics 10, no. 17 (August 26, 2021): 2067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10172067.
Full textAbstract:
With the emergence of cloud services based on data centers, demands for bandwidth-intensive applications have increased dramatically, and application services have transferred to a more diversified direction. Management as well as capacity of the backbone network needs further development to catch up with rapidly evolved application demands. Optical network virtualization can facilitate the sharing of physical infrastructure among multiple network applications. Virtual Network Embedding (VNE), the main implementation of network virtualization, determines how to map a virtual network request onto physical substrate. To expand the network capacity, flexible-grid elastic optical networks have been considered as a promising supporting technology for the future infrastructure of the next-generation Internet. However, due to the expense of key enabling equipment for flexible grid optical networks, the brown-field migration from a fixed grid to a flexible grid gave birth to the co-existing fixed/flexible grid. Based on the co-existing fixed/flexible grid optical networks, we investigate the problem of Virtual Optical Network (VON) provisioning, and present a flexible-grid-aware virtual network embedding algorithm to map the virtual networks onto the substrate network. In addition, the performance of the algorithm was evaluated under four different network scenarios. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve better performance in all four scenarios.
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Potapov, Yury. "Iran’s position on Afghan settlement." Diplomaticheskaja sluzhba (Diplomatic Service), no. 1 (2022): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2201-05.
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The article notes the relevance of the problem of the Afghan settlement for Iran in the light of the radical changes that have occurred in Afghanistan after the rapid escape of the United States and its allies from Afghanistan and the rapid seizure of power in Kabul by the Taliban. The main factors, that force Iran to pay serious attention to solving the crisis in Afghanistan, are considered. The long land border with Afghanistan makes it difficult to control the situation at the border and illegal migration. Due to the ongoing anti-Iranian sanctions of the West and the lack of progress in negotiations on the revival of the JCPOA, Iran has to pay more attention to the development of cooperation with neighboring countries, including Afghanistan, which is one of Iran's main economic regional partners. Iran wants to play a leading role in the Afghan settlement process. Tehran is actively participating in the work of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and other international organizations to resolve the Afghan crisis. Iran proposed to the UN to hold an international donor conference on Afghanistan and also to increase financial assistance to Iran to compensate costs connected with the accommodation of Afghan refugees. For this purpose, Iran also maintains regular bilateral contacts with all neighboring countries. Iran, on the one hand, seeks to prevent a new wave of Afghan refugees, smuggling of drugs and weapons into its country, and, on the other hand, intends to resume and expand economic cooperation with Afghanistan.