Journal articles: 'VNE'

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Daščioraitė, Diana, Karolina Stankevičiūtė, and Giedrė Jurkevičienė. "Epilepsija ir nėštumas. Literatūros apžvalga." Lithuanian General Practitioner 25, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37499/lbpg.626.

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Epilepsija yra viena labiausiai paplitusių lėtinių neurologinių ligų. Šia liga serga apie 12,5 mln. vaisingo amžiaus moterų. Epilepsija nėra kontraindikacija nėštumui ir dauguma sergančių epilepsija moterų pagimdo sveikus kūdikius. Pagrindinis visų epilepsija sergančių vaisingų moterų rūpestis yra rizika, susijusi su vaistų nuo epilepsijos (VNE) vartojimu nėštumo laikotarpiu. Dėl to tiek planuojant nėštumą, tiek nėštumo laikotarpiu būtina siekti kuo veiksmingesnio ir saugesnio gydymo nuo epilepsijos. Tačiau tiek nėščiai moteriai, tiek vaisiui gali pakenkti ir nekontroliuojami epilepsijos priepuoliai (EP). Todėl turėtų būti subalansuota rizika tarp nekontroliuojamų epilepsijos priepuolių ir VNE keliamos rizikos vaisiui ir motinai. Sergančių epilepsija moterų nėštumas turėtų būti planuotas, o planuojant nėštumą turėtų būti suteikta išsami ir įvairiapusė informacija. Vaisingo amžiaus moterims, sergančioms epilepsija, labai svarbus tinkamas kontracepcijos parinkimas, nes galima vaistų nuo epilepsijos ir geriamųjų kontraceptikų sąveika, dėl to gali būti tiek nepakankamas hormoninių kontraceptikų veiksmingumas, tiek vaistų nuo epilepsijos veiksmingumas. Planuojant nėštumą, svarbu apsvarstyti gydymo VNE indikacijas ir VNE pasirinkimą. Jei įmanoma, vartojamą VNE reikia keisti saugesniu VNE. Tačiau VNE keitimas turėtų būti atliktas iki nėštumo, numatant pakankamai laiko, kad būtų galima įvertinti naujo VNE veiksmingumą bei nustatyti mažiausią veiksmingą VNE dozę dar prieš pastojimą. Rizika vaisiui vartojant VNE susijusi su intrauterininio vystymosi sulėtėjimu, įgimtais apsigimimais, padidėjusia neurologinio vystymosi, pažinimo funkcijų sutrikimo rizika. Skirtingų VNE keliama rizika vaisiui skiriasi. Didžiausia vaisiaus apsigimimų rizika susijusi su valproato vartojimu, mažiausia – su lamotrigino, levetiracetamo ir okskarbazepino vartojimu. Siekiant sumažinti šią riziką, pirmąjį nėštumo trimestrą rekomenduojamas 4–5 mg/p. folio rūgšties vartojimas. Epilepsijos diagnozė pati savaime nėra kontraindikacija gimdyti natūraliais takais. Atsižvelgiant į žinomą žindymo naudą motinai ir kūdikiui, ir tyrimus, kurie rodo, kad, vartojant VNE, dažniausiai nenustatoma jokio neigiamo žindymo poveikio, visos epilepsija sergančios ir VNE vartojančios gimdyvės, turėtų būti skatinamos maitinti krūtimi, išskyrus labai retus atvejus.

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Li, Meng, and MeiLian Lu. "A Virtual Network Embedding Algorithm Based On Double-Layer Reinforcement Learning." Computer Journal 64, no. 6 (May 22, 2021): 973–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxab040.

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Abstract Virtual network embedding (VNE) algorithms dominate the effectiveness of resource sharing in network virtualization. Heuristic embedding algorithms generally make embedding decisions by artificially specified strategies, in which the node importance is measured by simply summing or multiplying several node attributes. However, the contributions of different attributes may be combined through complex functional relationships. The reinforcement learning-based VNE algorithms can optimize node embedding. However, the existing algorithms only consider the local node attributes, and only simple shortest path-based embedding policy is adopted for link embedding, resulting limited embedding effects. To overcome the above defects, we propose a double-layer reinforcement learning-based VNE algorithm (DRL-VNE). In DRL-VNE, both the global and local node attributes are extracted to represent the status of network nodes, then a policy network is constructed to optimize node embedding, and the other policy network is designed to optimize link embedding. The performance of DRL-VNE is evaluated under different network scenarios and is compared with that of heuristic and machine learning-based VNE algorithms. Simulation results show that in hierarchical network scenario, the request acceptance ratio and the resource utilization of DRL-VNE are respectively improved by 14% and by 27% compared with the best performance comparison algorithm.

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Zhang, Qiang, Matthew K. Burrage, Elena Lukaschuk, Mayooran Shanmuganathan, Iulia A. Popescu, Chrysovalantou Nikolaidou, Rebecca Mills, et al. "Toward Replacing Late Gadolinium Enhancement With Artificial Intelligence Virtual Native Enhancement for Gadolinium-Free Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Tissue Characterization in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy." Circulation 144, no. 8 (August 24, 2021): 589–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.121.054432.

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Background: Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is the gold standard for noninvasive myocardial tissue characterization but requires intravenous contrast agent administration. It is highly desired to develop a contrast agent–free technology to replace LGE for faster and cheaper CMR scans. Methods: A CMR virtual native enhancement (VNE) imaging technology was developed using artificial intelligence. The deep learning model for generating VNE uses multiple streams of convolutional neural networks to exploit and enhance the existing signals in native T1 maps (pixel-wise maps of tissue T1 relaxation times) and cine imaging of cardiac structure and function, presenting them as LGE-equivalent images. The VNE generator was trained using generative adversarial networks. This technology was first developed on CMR datasets from the multicenter Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Registry, using hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as an exemplar. The datasets were randomized into 2 independent groups for deep learning training and testing. The test data of VNE and LGE were scored and contoured by experienced human operators to assess image quality, visuospatial agreement, and myocardial lesion burden quantification. Image quality was compared using a nonparametric Wilcoxon test. Intra- and interobserver agreement was analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Lesion quantification by VNE and LGE were compared using linear regression and ICC. Results: A total of 1348 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients provided 4093 triplets of matched T1 maps, cines, and LGE datasets. After randomization and data quality control, 2695 datasets were used for VNE method development and 345 were used for independent testing. VNE had significantly better image quality than LGE, as assessed by 4 operators (n=345 datasets; P <0.001 [Wilcoxon test]). VNE revealed lesions characteristic of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in high visuospatial agreement with LGE. In 121 patients (n=326 datasets), VNE correlated with LGE in detecting and quantifying both hyperintensity myocardial lesions ( r =0.77–0.79; ICC=0.77–0.87; P <0.001) and intermediate-intensity lesions ( r =0.70–0.76; ICC=0.82–0.85; P <0.001). The native CMR images (cine plus T1 map) required for VNE can be acquired within 15 minutes and producing a VNE image takes less than 1 second. Conclusions: VNE is a new CMR technology that resembles conventional LGE but without the need for contrast administration. VNE achieved high agreement with LGE in the distribution and quantification of lesions, with significantly better image quality.

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Šmigelskytė, A., M. Remenčiūtė, G. Gelžinienė, and G. Jurkevičienė. "Potrauminės epilepsijos ypatumai." Neurologijos seminarai 22, no. 77 (January 14, 2019): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.29014/ns.2018.23.

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Įvadas. Potrauminė epilepsija – galvos smegenų traumos (GST) sukeltas centrinės nervų sistemos sutrikimas, kuriam būdingas ilgalaikis polinkis kartotis epilepsijos priepuoliams (EP). GST yra dažniausia jaunų suaugusiųjų epilepsijos priežastis ir svarbus rizikos veiksnys vaikams, didinantis tikimybę susirgti 7 kartus. Potrauminė epilepsija Europos valstybėse sudaro nuo 2 iki 16 % visų epilepsijos atvejų. Tai yra ir viena sunkiausiai gydomų epilepsijos formų – net trečdaliui pacientų gydymas vaistais neefektyvus. Dėl šios priežasties neigiamai paveikiama pacientų gyvenimo kokybė, didėja sergamumas depresija ir nerimu. Tiriamieji ir tyrimo metodai. Atlikta retrospektyvi LSMUL KK Nervų sistemos ligų ambulatoriniame skyriuje 2014–2015 m. dėl potrauminės epilepsijos gydytų pacientų ambulatorinių kortelių duomenų analizė. Rinkti demografiniai (amžius, lytis) ir klinikiniai (GST sunkumas, laikotarpis nuo GST iki EP pasireiškimo, EP dažnis, gydymas vaistais nuo epilepsijos (VNE)) duomenys. Gautų duomenų statistinė analizė atlikta naudojant „Microsoft Excel“ ir SPSS 23 programas. Rezultatai. Tiriamųjų grupėje (n = 76) buvo 33 (43,3 %) moterys ir 43 (56,7 %) vyrai. Tiriamųjų amžiaus vidurkis – 45,2 ± 11,9 m. Laikotarpis nuo GST iki EP pasireiškimo vidutiniškai truko 5,5 ± 7,6 m. Per pirmuosius metus po GST EP pasireiškė 29 tiriamiesiems (38,2 %), per antruosius – 11 (14,5 %), per trečiuosius ir vėliau – 36 (47,3 %). Nenustatyta koreliacija tarp tiriamųjų amžiaus GST metu ir laikotarpio nuo GST iki EP pasireiškimo (r = - 0,01, p > 0,05). EP pasireiškė praėjus 8,0 ± 9,3 m. po lengvos GST, po vidutinės ar sunkios GST – 4,8 ± 7,7 m. (p > 0,05). EP ≥ 1 k./sav. kartojosi 2 (22,2 %) tiriamiesiems, patyrusiems lengvą GST, ir 3 (7,3 %) tiriamiesiems, patyrusiems vidutinę ar sunkią GST (p > 0,05); atitinkamai, &lt; 1 sav. – ≥ 1 mėn. – 0 ir 10 (24,4 %); &lt; 1 k./mėn. – 7 (77,8 %) ir 28 (68,3 %) (p > 0,05). Amžiaus vidurkis GST metu 1 VNE gydomų tiriamųjų buvo 26,3 ± 15,0 m., 2 VNE – 19,3 ± 12,3 m., 3 ir daugiau VNE – 14,6 ± 7,0 m. (p &lt; 0,05). 1 VNE gydomų tiriamųjų amžiaus vidurkis GST metu skyrėsi nuo gydomų 2 ir 3 ar daugiau VNE (p &lt; 0,05). Vienu VNE gydomi tiriamieji EP vidutiniškai patyrė 10,7 ± 19,0 priepuolių per metus, 2 VNE – 15,1 ± 26,6 priepuolio per metus, 3 ir daugiau VNE – 51,1 ± 54,0 priepuolius per metus (p &lt; 0,05). Trimis ar daugiau VNE gydomi tiriamieji EP patirdavo dažniau nei gydomi 1 arba 2 VNE (p &lt; 0,05). Išvados. EP prasidėdavo praėjus vidutiniškai 5 m. po GST. Per pirmuosius metus – trečdaliui, praėjus 3 m. ir daugiau – pusei tiriamųjų. Maždaug dešimtadalis patirdavo labai dažnus EP (daugiau kaip 1 k./sav.). Sąsaja tarp lyties, amžiaus GST metu, GST sunkumo ir laikotarpio nuo GST iki EP pasireiškimo nenustatyta, tačiau buvo stebima kryptinga tendencija EP pasireikšti ankstesniu laikotarpiu, jei tiriamasis patyrė vidutinę ar sunkią GST. Sąsaja tarp EP dažnio ir tiriamųjų lyties, amžiaus, amžiaus GST metu, traumos sunkumo ir laikotarpio nuo GST iki EP pasireiškimo nenustatyta. Sąsaja tarp lyties, GST sunkumo ir VNE skaičiaus taip pat nenustatyta. Vienu VNE gydomų tiriamųjų amžiaus vidurkis GST metu buvo didesnis nei gydomų dviem, trimis ar daugiau VNE. Trimis ir daugiau VNE gydomi tiriamieji dažniau patyrė EP, nei gydomi vienu ar dviem VNE.

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Zong, Yue, Chuan Feng, Yingying Guan, Yejun Liu, and Lei Guo. "Virtual Network Embedding for Multi-Domain Heterogeneous Converged Optical Networks: Issues and Challenges." Sensors 20, no. 9 (May 6, 2020): 2655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092655.

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The emerging 5G applications and the connectivity of billions of devices have driven the investigation of multi-domain heterogeneous converged optical networks. To support emerging applications with their diverse quality of service requirements, network slicing has been proposed as a promising technology. Network virtualization is an enabler for network slicing, where the physical network can be partitioned into different configurable slices in the multi-domain heterogeneous converged optical networks. An efficient resource allocation mechanism for multiple virtual networks in network virtualization is one of the main challenges referred as virtual network embedding (VNE). This paper is a survey on the state-of-the-art works for the VNE problem towards multi-domain heterogeneous converged optical networks, providing the discussion on future research issues and challenges. In this paper, we describe VNE in multi-domain heterogeneous converged optical networks with enabling network orchestration technologies and analyze the literature about VNE algorithms with various network considerations for each network domain. The basic VNE problem with various motivations and performance metrics for general scenarios is discussed. A VNE algorithm taxonomy is presented and discussed by classifying the major VNE algorithms into three categories according to existing literature. We analyze and compare the attributes of algorithms such as node and link embedding methods, objectives, and network architecture, which can give a selection or baseline for future work of VNE. Finally, we explore some broader perspectives in future research issues and challenges on 5G scenario, field trail deployment, and machine learning-based algorithms.

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Wang, Cong, Ying Yuan, and Cong Wan. "A Fair Virtual Network Embedding Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 1454–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.1454.

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Efficient network resource utilization is crucial in Virtual Network Embedding (VNE) problem. The diversity of virtual topologies belong to various services providers (SPs) severely affects the efficiency of VNE algorithms and fairness between SPs. This paper proposes a fair VNE algorithm with a topological transformation mechanism. Such mechanism will transform virtual topology to reduce complexity. Then the algorithm will felicitously map the virtual network onto substrate network through a Disperse Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO) based process. Simulation results show that due to the topological transformation procedure the algorithm can achieve more fairness than traditional VNE algorithms.

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Zheng, Yi, Srivatsan Ravi, Erik Kline, Sven Koenig, and T. K. Satish Kumar. "Conflict-Based Search for the Virtual Network Embedding Problem." Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling 32 (June 13, 2022): 423–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icaps.v32i1.19828.

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In emerging network virtualization architectures, service providers will be able to create many heterogeneous virtual networks and offer customized end-to-end services by leasing shared resources from infrastructure providers. The Virtual Network Embedding (VNE) problem is central to such technology. It involves the proper allocation of CPU and bandwidth resources available in a physical substrate network to meet the demands of multiple virtual networks. Combinatorially, the VNE problem is a problem in resource management that is NP-hard to solve. In this paper, we present a novel version of the Conflict-Based Search (CBS) algorithm for solving the VNE problem. Our approach, called VNE-CBS, is inspired by the success of the CBS framework in the Multi-Agent Path Finding domain. We successfully address the unique challenges in applying the CBS framework to the VNE problem, and, in doing so, we pave the way for overcoming a crucial issue in Internet ossification via heuristic search methods. On the theoretical front, we show that, unlike many existing algorithms, our algorithm is complete and optimal. On the experimental front, we show that our algorithm significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art methods on various benchmark instances for both the offline and online versions of the VNE problem.

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Bouchair, Abderrahim, Belabbas Yagoubi, and Sid Ahmed Makhlouf. "A Driven Modern Portfolio Theory for Virtual Network Embedding in SDN-Enabled Cloud." Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience 23, no. 4 (December 24, 2022): 421–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12694/scpe.v23i4.2010.

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Network virtualization (NV) has evolved systematically through the urge to share computing resources and improve service deployment in a large-scale environment. Virtual network embedding (VNE) is a well-established technology applied to reinforce the NV process, providing a devoted implementation for a particular case study. In cloud computing, integration of software-defined networking (SDN) has proved to be a practical support to the principal cloud utilities. In return, the SDN-enabled cloud offers innovative deployment techniques for network-based services, which increase the opportunity to efficiently incorporate new network management policies that solve the VNE problem. In this paper, the authors proposed a transition of modern portfolio theory (MPT) into a VNE approach that optimally addresses the selection and ranking of resources in data center networks (DCNs). Results analysis demonstrates the VNE approach's better performance versus similar methods in terms of acceptance ratio, runtime, and substrate resource utilization.

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Witt, Martin, René Thiemer, Anja Meyer, Oliver Schmitt, and Andreas Wree. "Main Olfactory and Vomeronasal Epithelium Are Differently Affected in Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 11 (November 12, 2018): 3563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113563.

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Introduction: Olfactory impairment is one of the earliest symptoms in neurodegenerative disorders that has also been documented in Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1). NPC1 is a very rare, neurovisceral lipid storage disorder, characterized by a deficiency of Npc1 gene function that leads to progressive neurodegeneration. Here, we compared the pathologic effect of defective Npc1 gene on the vomeronasal neuroepithelium (VNE) with that of the olfactory epithelium (OE) in an NPC1 mouse model. Methods: Proliferation in the VNE and OE was assessed by applying a bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) protocol. We further compared the immunoreactivities of anti-olfactory marker protein (OMP), and the lysosomal marker cathepsin-D in both epithelia. To investigate if degenerative effects of both olfactory systems can be prevented or reversed, some animals were treated with a combination of miglustat/allopregnanolone/2-hydroxypropyl-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), or a monotherapy with HPβCD alone. Results: Using BrdU to label dividing cells of the VNE, we detected a proliferation increase of 215% ± 12% in Npc1−/− mice, and 270% ± 10% in combination- treated Npc1−/− animals. The monotherapy with HPβCD led to an increase of 261% ± 10.5% compared to sham-treated Npc1−/− mice. Similar to the OE, we assessed the high regenerative potential of vomeronasal progenitor cells. OMP reactivity in the VNE of Npc1−/− mice was not affected, in contrast to that observed in the OE. Concomitantly, cathepsin-D reactivity in the VNE was virtually absent. Conclusion: Vomeronasal receptor neurons are less susceptible against NPC1 pathology than olfactory receptor neurons. Compared to control mice, however, the VNE of Npc1−/− mice displays an increased neuroregenerative potential, indicating compensatory cell renewal.

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Anwar, S. Jamal, M. Ramzan, and M. Khalid Khan. "Quantum Fisher Information of Three-Level Atom under the Influence of the Stark Effect and Intrinsic Dechorence." Atoms 11, no. 3 (February 28, 2023): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms11030042.

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We study the dynamical evolution of quantum Fisher information (QFI) and von Neumann entropy (VNE) for a three-level atomic system interacting with the single-mode coherent field in the presence of the Stark effect and intrinsic decoherence (ID) with and without atomic motion. The effect of the ID is significant on the VNE and QFI for a three-level atom in the absence of atomic motion. It is observed that in the case of a three-level atomic system in the presence of ID, the decay of QFI and VNE is rapid and significant but no prominent effect of the Stark effect is observed. Hence, for a three-level atom, the decay of quantum entanglement (QE) with respect to time is very fast and rapid in the absence of atomic motion with an increasing value of ID. Moreover, ID is not suitable to maintain the QE for three-level atomic systems in the absence of atomic motion. The Stark effect has no significant effect on the QE. In the case of three-level atoms, ID and the Stark do not affect the periodic nature of QFI and VNE with time evolution in the presence of atomic motion. The periodic response of QFI and VNE is observed under the effect of the Stark effect and ID in the presence of a motion of a three-level atom. The QE sudden death and birth is observed in the presence of atomic motion. Therefore, the ID with the Stark effect is suitable to sustain and maintain the QE in the presence of atomic motion for three-level atomic systems. These results show the strong dependence of QFI and VNE on the Stark effect and ID.

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Al Hussona, Mariam, Monica Maher, David Chan, Jonathan A. Micieli, Jennifer D. Jain, Houman Khosravani, Aaron Izenberg, Charles D. Kassardjian, and Sara B. Mitchell. "The Virtual Neurologic Exam: Instructional Videos and Guidance for the COVID-19 Era." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 47, no. 5 (May 21, 2020): 598–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2020.96.

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ABSTRACTObjective:To outline features of the neurologic examination that can be performed virtually through telemedicine platforms (the virtual neurological examination [VNE]), and provide guidance for rapidly pivoting in-person clinical assessments to virtual visits during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.Methods:The full neurologic examination is described with attention to components that can be performed virtually.Results:A screening VNE is outlined that can be performed on a wide variety of patients, along with detailed descriptions of virtual examination maneuvers for specific scenarios (cognitive testing, neuromuscular and movement disorder examinations).Conclusions:During the COVID-19 pandemic, rapid adoption of virtual medicine will be critical to provide ongoing and timely neurological care. Familiarity and mastery of a VNE will be critical for neurologists, and this article outlines a practical approach to implementation.

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Krysewski, Lina-Marielle, Nicole Power Guerra, Annika Glatzel, Carsten Holzmann, Veronica Antipova, Oliver Schmitt, Libo Yu-Taeger, Huu Phuc Nguyen, Andreas Wree, and Martin Witt. "Differential Cellular Balance of Olfactory and Vomeronasal Epithelia in a Transgenic BACHD Rat Model of Huntington’s Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 14 (July 10, 2022): 7625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147625.

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Background. For neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington’s disease (HD), early diagnosis is essential to treat patients and delay symptoms. Impaired olfaction, as observed as an early symptom in Parkinson´s disease, may also constitute a key symptom in HD. However, there are few reports on olfactory deficits in HD. Therefore, we aimed to investigate, in a transgenic rat model of HD: (1) whether general olfactory impairment exists and (2) whether there are disease-specific dynamics of olfactory dysfunction when the vomeronasal (VNE) and main olfactory epithelium (MOE) are compared. Methods. We used male rats of transgenic line 22 (TG22) of the bacterial artificial chromosome Huntington disease model (BACHD), aged 3 days or 6 months. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and macrophage activity were examined with immunohistochemistry in the VNE and MOE. Results. No differences were observed in cellular parameters in the VNE between the groups. However, the MOE of the 6-month-old HD animals showed a significantly increased number of mature olfactory receptor neurons. Other cellular parameters were not affected. Conclusions. The results obtained in the TG22 line suggest a relative stability in the VNE, whereas the MOE seems at least temporarily affected.

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Tonozuka, Takashi, Takanori Nihira, Masahiro Mizuno, Atsushi Nishikawa, and Shigehiro Kamitori. "Mutagenesis-induced conformational change in domain B of a pullulan-hydrolyzing α-amylase TVA I." Amylase 2, no. 1 (March 20, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amylase-2018-0001.

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Abstract An α-amylase from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, TVA I, hydrolyzes both α-1,4- and α-1,6-glucosidic linkages. Two variants of TVA I have been previously constructed, one containing a substitution of three residues, Ala357- Gln359-Tyr360, with Val-Asn-Glu (AQY/VNE), and the other bearing a deletion of 11 residues from Ala363 to Asn373 (Del11). The activities of both AQY/VNE and Del11 for the α-1,4-glucosidic linkage of maltotriose were decreased compared to that of wild-type TVA I, while the activities of the two variants for the α-1,6-glucosidic linkage of a trisaccharide, isopanose, were less significantly altered. Here, we determined the crystal structures of AQY/VNE and Del11. The structure of AQY/VNE was almost isomorphous with that of wild-type TVA I. On the other hand, the structure of Del11 showed that a conformational change in domain B was induced by the 11-residue deletion, causing narrowing of the catalytic cleft. Taken together with the results of kinetic analysis, this narrower catalytic cleft is likely responsible for the preference of the TVA I enzyme for the α-1,6-glucosidic linkage.

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Mogilner, Marina. "There Can Be No "Vne"." Ab Imperio 2021, no. 4 (2021): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/imp.2021.0082.

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Woodbury, Victoria A., Irina Ratushinskaya, Frances Padorr Brent, and Carol J. Avins. "Beyond the Limit / Vne limita." World Literature Today 62, no. 2 (1988): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40143681.

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Liu, Xinbo, Buhong Wang, and Zhixian Yang. "Virtual Network Embedding Based on Topology Potential." Entropy 20, no. 12 (December 7, 2018): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20120941.

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To improve the low acceptance ratio and revenue to cost ratio caused by the poor match between the virtual nodes and the physical nodes in the existing virtual network embedding (VNE) algorithms, we established a multi-objective optimization integer linear programming model for the VNE problem, and proposed a novel two-stage virtual network embedding algorithm based on topology potential (VNE-TP). In the node embedding stage, the field theory once used for data clustering was introduced and a node embedding function designed to find the optimal physical node. In the link embedding stage, both the available bandwidth and hops of the candidate paths were considered, and a path embedding function designed to find the optimal path. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other existing algorithms in terms of acceptance ratio and revenue to cost ratio.

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Gomes, Rayner, Dario Vieira, and Miguel Franklin de Castro. "Application of Meta-Heuristics in 5G Network Slicing: A Systematic Review of the Literature." Sensors 22, no. 18 (September 6, 2022): 6724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22186724.

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Network slicing is a vital component of the 5G system to support diverse network scenarios, creating virtual networks (slices) by mapping virtual network requests to real networks. The mapping is an arduous computing process, mathematically studied and known as the Virtual Network Embedding (VNE) problem, and its complexity is NP-Hard. The mapping process is oriented to respect the QoS demands from the virtual network requests and the available resources in the physical-substrate infrastructure. Meta-heuristic approaches are a suitable way to solve the VNE problems because of their capacity to escape from the local optimum and adapt the solution search to complex networks; these abilities are essential in 5G networks scenarios. This article presents a systematic review of meta-heuristics organized by application, development and problem-solving approaches to VNE. It also provides the standard parameters to model the infrastructure and virtual network requests to simulate network slicing as a service. Finally, our work proposes some future research based on the discovered gaps.

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Miao, Jingcheng, Na Lv, Kefan Chen, Qi Gao, and Xiang Wang. "Dynamic Reliability-Aware Virtual Network Embedding for Airborne Tactical Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (September 16, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7164854.

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Airborne tactical networks (ATNs) built on network virtualization (NV) can enable efficient information sharing for network-centric warfare by breaking the tight coupling between applications and network infrastructure and thus solving the network ossification problem. With dynamic changes during military missions, the application of virtualization is challenged by the changing demands on network resources when instantiating multiple virtual networks (VNs) on a shared substrate network (SN), known as virtual network embedding (VNE). However, existing dynamic VNE algorithms, mostly designed for wired networks, focus on the dynamic changes of single VN and do not consider the dynamic changes of different VNs. The proper processing of changes of different VNs is beneficial to improve the embedding profits of VNs. On these backgrounds, we investigate the dynamic wireless VNE that processes the dynamic changes of different VNs in the wireless environment of ATNs. A relationship matrix-based dynamic wireless VNE (DWVNE-RM) algorithm is proposed in order to maximize the acceptance ratio of VN requests. The dynamic changes of different VNs are classified into negative changes (requiring resource) and positive changes (releasing resource). Then, the relationship matrix between negative and positive changes is constructed to properly process the resource relationship among different changes in order to improve the acceptance ratio. In addition, the complex interference of ATNs is considered in the mapping or remapping of virtual nodes and links to improve the reliability. Through extensive simulation, DWVNE-RM is compared with multiple existing dynamic algorithms and outperforms over others.

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Shi, Chaowei, Xiangru Meng, Qiaoyan Kang, and Xiaoyang Han. "Novel Node-Ranking Approach for SDN-Based Virtual Network Embedding." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (October 17, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5452397.

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Network virtualization is considered as a key technology for the future network. The emergence of software-defined network (SDN) provides a platform for the research and development of network virtualization. One of the key challenges in network virtualization is virtual network embedding (VNE). Some of the previous VNE algorithms perform virtual node embedding, which combines the nodes’ resource attributes and local topology attributes by arithmetic operations. On the one hand, it is not easy to distinguish the topological differences between SN and VN only by simple topology metrics. On the other hand, it is easy to ignore the different weight impacts of different metrics using only arithmetic operations, which will lead to an unbalanced embedding solution. To deal with these issues, we propose a novel node-ranking approach based on topology-differentiating (VNE-NRTD) for SDN-based virtual network embedding. Owing to the topological difference between SN and VN, different node metrics are used to quantify the substrate nodes and virtual nodes, respectively. Then, the nodes are ranked using the modified set pair analysis (SPA) method to avoid the unbalanced embedding solution. On this basis, we introduce the global bandwidth of the network topology into node-ranking to further improve the efficiency of node embedding. The simulation results show that the VNE-NRTD algorithm proposed in this paper outperforms other latest heuristic algorithms in terms of the VNR acceptance ratio, long-term average R/C ratio, substrate node utilization, and substrate link utilization.

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Cao, Haotong, Longxiang Yang, Zeyuan Liu, and Mengting Wu. "Exact solutions of VNE: A survey." China Communications 13, no. 6 (June 2016): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cc.2016.7513202.

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DEEKSHA K, MUHAMMED MUSHTAK A, and CYNTHIA ARUNACHALAM. "Assessment of the cytoprotective effect of Vitex negundo ethanol extract on ultraviolet-C induced oxidative stress in human corneal epithelial cells." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 8, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 836–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.8.1.0148.

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Human cornea is more susceptible to ultraviolet-C radiation during occupational injuries, and artificial sources such as welding arc, germicidal lamps, etc and continuous exposure leads to various ocular surface diseases. The cytoprotective role of plant extracts against oxidative damages induced by UVC irradiation is less studied in corneal epithelial cells.To investigate the protective of Vitex negundo ethanol (VNE) extract on ultraviolet-C (UVC) radiation induced oxidative stress in human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells. UVC radiation of wavelength (254 nm) and energy density 200 J/m2 was used to irradiate HCE, and cell viability was assessed by trypan blue assay. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was analyzed using 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) method. Cell cycle analysis was done to check the effects of UVC irradiation and VN extract on the cell growth cycle of HCE cells. The mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) was checked by 5,5′,6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3′-tetrathylbenzimidazol carbocyanine iodide (JC-1) staining method. The HCE cell viability was diminished after UVC irradiation which was improved after VNE extract treatment. The morphological analysis revealed that UVC irradiated HCE cells lost membrane permeability which led to cell death thereby having decreased confluency. VNE extract effectively decreased UVC- induced ROS production and reduced the G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle analysis in HCE cells. The changes or loss in Δψm after UVC treatment was restored after VNE extract treated cells.VNE extract showed strong protective effect against UVC light induced injury in HCE cells which suggests the therapeutic use of these extracts in ocular surface injuries.

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Razzaq, Adil, Markus Hidell, and Peter Sjödin. "Virtual Network Embedding: A Hybrid Vertex Mapping Solution for Dynamic Resource Allocation." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/358647.

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Virtual network embedding (VNE) is a key area in network virtualization, and the overall purpose of VNE is to map virtual networks onto an underlying physical network referred to as a substrate. Typically, the virtual networks have certain demands, such as resource requirements, that need to be satisfied by the mapping process. A virtual network (VN) can be described in terms of vertices (nodes) and edges (links) with certain resource requirements, and, to embed a VN, substrate resources are assigned to these vertices and edges. Substrate networks have finite resources and utilizing them efficiently is an important objective for a VNE method. This paper analyzes two existing vertex mapping approaches—one which only considers if enough node resources are available for the current VN mapping and one which considers to what degree a node already is utilized by existing VN embeddings before doing the vertex mapping. The paper also proposes a new vertex mapping approach which minimizes complete exhaustion of substrate nodes while still providing good overall resource utilization. Experimental results are presented to show under what circumstances the proposed vertex mapping approach can provide superior VN embedding properties compared to the other approaches.

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Shen, Ling, Muqing Wu, and Min Zhao. "Secure Virtual Network Embedding Algorithms for a Software-Defined Network Considering Differences in Resource Value." Electronics 11, no. 10 (May 23, 2022): 1662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11101662.

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Software-defined networking (SDN) and network virtualization (NV) are key technologies for future networks, which allow telecommunication service providers (TSPs) to share network resources with users in a flexible manner. Since TSPs have limited virtualized network resources, it is critical to develop effective virtual network embedding (VNE) algorithms for an SDN network to improve resource utilization. However, most existing VNE algorithms ignore the security issues of SDN networks, which may be subject to malicious attacks due to their openness feature. Therefore, it is necessary to develop secure VNE (SVNE) for SDN networks. In this paper, we researched the relationship between resource value and node security-level, and we found that there are differences in the resource value of different nodes. Based on this analysis, we define the evaluation indicators considering differences in resource value for the SVNE problem. Then, we present a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) model to minimize the cost of SVNE. As the formulated optimization problem cannot be solved conveniently, we design two node-ranking approaches to rank physical and virtual nodes, respectively, and we propose two novel SVNE algorithms based on the node ranking approaches. Finally, simulation results reveal that our proposed algorithm is superior to other typical algorithms.

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Satish, Preksha, Deeksha Lingraj, S. Anjan Kumar, and T. G. Keerthan Kumar. "Comparison of D-Vine and R-Vine Techniques for Virtual Network Embedding Problem." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1187, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1187/1/012035.

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Abstract In Network virtualization, Virtual Network Embedding(VNE) is the process of mapping virtual nodes and links of a virtual network request(VNR) on a substrate network to fulfill the demands of the request. Embedding virtual network requests helps in achieving network virtualization efficiently. This paper presents Vineyard, a set of VN embedding algorithms namely D-Vine and R-Vine, to introduce a finer correlation between the node mapping and link mapping phases. Deterministic Virtual Network Embedding(D-Vine) algorithm is used to embed virtual nodes on to substrate network based on the capacity constraint when it is not satisfied the system takes the Randomised Virtual Network Embedding(R-Vine) algorithm to map the nodes based on location constraint. Subsequently, after the nodes are embedded the link mapping phase is done based on the distance constraint. A window-based virtual embedding algorithm(W-Vine) is also introduced to evaluate the effect of lookahead in Virtual Network Embedding. After the mapping of multiple virtual network requests, analysis is done to compare the node and CPU utilization in both the algorithms and the variations are conserved.

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Ling, Shen, Wu Muqing, and Xiaolan Hou. "VNE-SDN Algorithms for Different Physical Network Environments." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 178258–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3027432.

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Zhuang, Lei, Guoqing Wang, Ming Wang, and Kunli Zhang. "A Virtual Network Embedding Algorithm Based on Cellular Automata Genetic Mechanism." MATEC Web of Conferences 232 (2018): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823201019.

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The optimal embedding problem of virtual network requests, which satisfies nodes and link constraints, is a NP-hard problem. Heuristic algorithms solve the problem with the mathematical model optimization, but it fails to consider the influence of the virtual network embedding node itself on the optimal solution. So the cellular automata genetic mechanism is introduced into the problem, and the virtual network embedding algorithm based on cellular genetic algorithm (VNE-CGA) has been proposed. VNE-CGA uses the cellular automata to model the node, and replaces the "B4567/S1234" rule with the crossover operation in genetic algorithm. Through learning from neighbours to guide the individual's optimization process, VNECGA improves the inherent defects of traditional genetic algorithm. The experimental results show that the request acceptance ratio and the long-term average revenue increase about 5% and 12%.

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POPKOV, VLADISLAV, and MARIO SALERNO. "REDUCED DENSITY MATRIX AND ENTANGLEMENT ENTROPY OF PERMUTATIONALLY INVARIANT QUANTUM MANY-BODY SYSTEMS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 26, no. 27n28 (September 18, 2012): 1243009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979212430096.

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In this paper we discuss the properties of the reduced density matrix of quantum many body systems with permutational symmetry and present basic quantification of the entanglement in terms of the von Neumann (VNE), Renyi and Tsallis entropies. In particular, we show, on the specific example of the spin 1/2 Heisenberg model, how the RDM acquires a block diagonal form with respect to the quantum number k fixing the polarization in the subsystem conservation of Sz and with respect to the irreducible representations of the Sn group. Analytical expression for the RDM elements and for the RDM spectrum are derived for states of arbitrary permutational symmetry and for arbitrary polarizations. The temperature dependence and scaling of the VNE across a finite temperature phase transition is discussed and the RDM moments and the Rényi and Tsallis entropies calculated both for symmetric ground states of the Heisenberg chain and for maximally mixed states.

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Anwar, Syed Jamal, M. Usman, M. Ramzan, and M. Khalid Khan. "Quantum Fisher Information and Entanglement of Moving Two Two-Level Atoms under the Influence of Environmental Effects." Physics 1, no. 1 (June 5, 2019): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physics1010013.

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We have investigated numerically the dynamics of quantum Fisher information (QFI) and quantum entanglement (QE) of a two moving two-level atomic systems interacting with a coherent and thermal field in the presence of intrinsic decoherence (ID) and Kerr (non-linear medium) and Stark effects. The state of the entire system interacting with coherent and thermal fields is evaluated numerically under the influence of ID and Kerr (nonlinear) and Stark effects. QFI and von Neumann entropy (VNE) decrease in the presence of ID when the atomic motion is neglected. QFI and QE show an opposite response during its time evolution in the presence of a thermal environment. QFI is found to be more susceptible to ID as compared to QE in the presence of a thermal environment. The decay of QE is further damped at greater time-scales, which confirms the fact that ID heavily influences the system’s dynamics in a thermal environment. However, a periodic behavior of entanglement is observed due to atomic motion, which becomes modest under environmental effects. It is found that a non-linear Kerr medium has a prominent effect on the VNE but not on the QFI. Furthermore, it has been observed that QFI and QE decay soon under the influence of the Stark effect in the absence of atomic motion. The periodic response of QFI and VNE is observed for both the non-linear Kerr medium and the Stark effect in the presence of atomic motion. It is observed that the Stark, Kerr, ID, and thermal environment have significant effects during the time evolution of the quantum system.

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Prekas, Stelios, Panagiotis Karkazis, Vasileios Nikolakakis, and Panagiotis Trakadas. "Comprehensive Comparison of VNE Solutions Based on Different Coordination Approaches." Telecom 2, no. 4 (October 25, 2021): 390–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/telecom2040023.

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Virtualization is commonly accepted as the catalyst that would grant the internet the ability to shed the shackles of legacy technologies and evolve to its future self. In order to make this transformation feasible, unavoidable concurrent radical remodeling of all the involved counterparts is required, particularly in the context of automatically and optimally serving application requests by taking advantage of new virtualized environments and their latent capabilities. A considerable number of embedding strategies that efficiently map virtual computational and networking demands over physical resources have already been proposed in the literature, following different strategies. Among these suggested strategies, different coordination proposals have been adopted, in order to solve the node and link mapping functions. In this paper, we study the capabilities of the most popular embedding strategies, based on their coordination categorization. Our study confirms that by invoking a coordination strategy, especially the single stage one, added benefits on multiple performance layers can be achieved. Moreover, we propose a new mixed coordination algorithm, essentially creating a new category in the field of VNE coordination strategies.

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Zhang, Hu, Qiao Feng, Zhanpeng Zhu, Haiyan Dai, and Hua Hu. "The Value of Vaginal Microbiome in Patients with Endometrial Hyperplasia." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (December 18, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4289931.

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Objective. To investigate the profiles of the vaginal microbiome in patients with endometrial hyperplasia and to explore the potential value of vaginal microbiome in the diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia. Materials/Methods. 26 patients suffering from abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) with thickened endometrium revealed by transvaginal ultrasonography were enrolled. Based on pathology, 12 patients with endometrial hyperplasia were classified as the Veh group and 14 patients with proliferative endometrium were classified as the Vne group. The vaginal samples were collected for the presence of microbial DNA by high-throughput next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The α-diversity and ß-diversity of vaginal microbiome were analyzed and compared between bacterial populations. The ROC curve was made to evaluate the feasibility of flora as a biomarker. Results. The diversity of vaginal microbiome in the Veh group was significantly lower than that in the Vne group ( P < 0.05 ). Lactobacillus was the most represented genus in the Veh group. The study’s t-test between the two groups showed that Lactobacillus has the only significant difference in the abundance of the first 15 genera ( P < 0.01 ). ROC analysis of the abundance of Lactobacillus showed that the area of AUC was 0.83, the sensitivity was 93.00%, and the specificity was 75.00%. Conclusion. The study offers insight into the nature of the vaginal microbiome and suggests that surveying the vaginal microbiota might be useful for detection of endometrial hyperplasia.

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31

Li, Yuanzhen, and Yingyu Zhang. "EPVNE: An Efficient Parallelizable Virtual Network Embedding Algorithm." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (November 22, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8416592.

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Virtual network embedding (VNE) problem is a key issue in network virtualization technology, and much attention has been paid to the virtual network embedding. However, very little research work focuses on parallelized virtual network embedding problems which assumes that the substrate infrastructure supports parallel computing and allows one virtual node to be mapped to multiple substrate nodes. Based on the work of Liang and Zhang, we extend the well-known VNE to parallelizable virtual network embedding (PVNE) in this paper. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, we give the first formulation of the PVNE problem. A new heuristic algorithm named efficient parallelizable virtual network embedding (EPVNE) is proposed to reduce the cost of embedding the VN request and increase the VN request acceptance ratio. EPVNE is a two-stage mapping algorithm, which first performs node mapping and then performs link mapping. In the node mapping phase, we present a simple and efficient virtual node and physical node sorting formula and perform the virtual node mapping in order. When mapping virtual nodes, we map virtual nodes to physical nodes that just meet the CPU requirements. Substrate nodes with more CPU resources will be retained for subsequent virtual network mapping requests. In the link mapping phase, Dijkstra’s algorithm is used to find a substrate path for each virtual link. Finally, simulations are carried out and simulation results show that our algorithm performs better than the existing heuristic algorithms.

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32

Mjanovska, Ioanna. "Mezhdunarodnyjj Festival «Vernutsja v Rossiju stikhami i prozojj» – russkojazychnye pisateli vne Rossii." Nowa Polityka Wschodnia 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/npw2012219.

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33

Zhang, Peiying, Yanrong Hong, Xue Pang, and Chunxiao Jiang. "VNE-HPSO: Virtual Network Embedding Algorithm Based on Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 213389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3040335.

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34

Hesselbach, Xavier, Josè Roberto Amazonas, Santi Villanueva, and Juan Felipe Botero. "Coordinated node and link mapping VNE using a new paths algebra strategy." Journal of Network and Computer Applications 69 (July 2016): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2016.02.025.

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35

Inoue, Koki, Shin’ichi Arakawa, Satoshi Imai, Toru Katagiri, and Masayuki Murata. "Noise-induced VNE method for software-defined infrastructure with uncertain delay behaviors." Computer Networks 145 (November 2018): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2018.09.004.

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36

Wang, Sen, Jun Bi, Jianping Wu, Athanasios V. Vasilakos, and Qilin Fan. "VNE-TD: A virtual network embedding algorithm based on temporal-difference learning." Computer Networks 161 (October 2019): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2019.05.004.

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37

Lian, Qi, and Zhi Qiang Wu. "Membrane Computing Based Virtual Network Embedding Algorithm with Path Splitting." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 2997–3002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.2997.

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Network virtualization is recognized as an important enabler technology to diversify the future Internet and the Virtual Network Embedding problem is major challenge to fulfill it. In this paper, we proposed a parallel Virtual Network Embedding algorithm with Path splitting on the basis of membrane Computing (VNEPC). And more importantly, it is one phase embedding algorithm that maps virtual nodes and virtual links in the same phase without decomposing the VNE problem. Extensive simulation results show that our proposed VNEPC algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms in long-term average revenue, acceptance ratio and long-term R/C ratio.

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38

Richir, Marc. "Vne antinomie quasi-kantienne dans la fondation cantorienne de la théorie des ensembles." Études Phénoménologiques 2, no. 3 (1986): 83–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/etudphen1986238.

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39

Cheng, Jin, Yulei Wu, Yeming Lin, Yuepeng E, Fan Tang, and Jingguo Ge. "VNE-HRL: A Proactive Virtual Network Embedding Algorithm Based on Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning." IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management 18, no. 4 (December 2021): 4075–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2021.3120297.

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40

Cao, Haotong, Yongan Guo, Zhicheng Qu, Shengchen Wu, Hongbo Zhu, and Longxiang Yang. "ER-VNE: A Joint Energy and Revenue Embedding Algorithm for Embedding Virtual Networks." IEEE Access 6 (2018): 47815–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2867562.

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41

Kanthan, Rani, Jim Xiang, and Anthony M. Magliocco. "p53, ErbB2, and TAG-72 Expression in the Spectrum of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast Classified by the Van Nuys System." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 124, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2000-124-0234-peatei.

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Abstract Context.—The Van Nuys (VN) classification system for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is a simplified morphology-based system that uses the presence of nuclear pleomorphism and comedo-type necrosis to stratify DCIS lesions into 3 prognostic groups. Objective.—To determine if there is an underlying biological basis that correlates with the morphologic aspects of the VN classification system. Design.—We evaluated the expression of markers implicated in the development of breast cancer (p53, ErbB2, and TAG-72) in DCIS classified with the VN system. Forty-five cases of pure DCIS were classified as 8 cases of VN1, 7 cases of VN2, and 30 cases of VN3. p53, ErbB2, and TAG-72 antigen expression was measured by immunohistologic means in each of the cases. Results.—Nuclear accumulation of p53 was only observed in VN3 (30%). ErbB2 overexpression was found only in VN2 (14%) and VN3 (43%). TAG-72 expression was observed in all categories of lesions but was more frequent in VN2 (71%) and VN3 (70%) compared with VN1 (25%). It appears that overexpression of ErbB2 and p53 are features associated with the high-grade lesions. Conclusion.—The simplified VN classification system for DCIS has a clear underlying biological basis as evidenced by differential expression of tumor-associated antigens in each of the 3 morphologic categories. These differences may contribute to the differential clinical behavior of the separate groups.

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42

Miyata, Kaori, Tomohiro Oomura, Takahiro Kushida, and Yu-chi Komizo. "Microstructures and Coarsening Kinetics of MC-vne Carbide in High Strength Low Allny Steels." Materia Japan 42, no. 12 (2003): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.42.882.

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43

Eramo, Vincenzo, Emanuele Miucci, and Mostafa Ammar. "Study of Reconfiguration Cost and Energy Aware VNE Policies in Cycle-Stationary Traffic Scenarios." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 34, no. 5 (May 2016): 1281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2016.2520179.

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44

Shlyamin, V. "Features of spatial planning in the border areas of the European North of Russia: the Republic of Karelia." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2009-07.

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The article analyzes the rates of socio-economic development of the border regions of the NorthWest Federal District and adjacent territories of Finland, substantiates proposals for improving spatial planning in border areas on the example of the Republic of Kareliа.

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45

Alekseev, P. "The development of the international industrial cooperation in the EAEU." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2009-04.

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International industrial cooperation in the EAEU is one of the most important directions for increasing the volume of non-primary non-energy exports, planned by the national project of Russia "International Cooperation and Export", as well as the key factor of the successful development of Eurasian economic integration. The legal acts adopted in recent years allowed to ensure substantial progress in this area, however, significant potential for joint project activities and the development of industrial cooperation of the EAEU member states remains. In this regard, the article proposes a number of measures aimed at its effective implementation and increase in the volume of the Russian non-primary non-energy exports.

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46

Teteryatnikov, K., S. Каmolov, and P. Eliseeva. "Internalization of the educational policy of the Russian Federation cooperation." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 22–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2009-03.

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The article is meant to analyze the process of internalization of the educational policy in the Russian Federation. Internationalization of the Russian education system is becoming one of the main trends in state policy of the Russian Federation, as evidenced by the recent launch of such programs as "5–100" and "Development of the Export Potential of the Russian System of Education". The authors believe that it is necessary to further align Russian and international educational standards (both Western and Eastern/Asian), create and develop applied bachelor’s degrees, as well as educational programs aimed at achieving the UN sustainable development goals (SDGs), which will be in demand in any country across the world. In this regard, the authors propose a number of measures that would contribute to achieving the strategic goals of the Russian Federation in the area of education services export, including joint programs of Russian, Chinese, Singaporean and Hong Kong universities in natural sciences and information and communication technologies. Taking into account Russia’s world leadership in the development of COVID-19 vaccine and studies related to the eff ective treatment of this disease, it would be advisable to adopt appropriate recommendations for the universities where foreign citizens are studying, explaining the risks of coronavirus infection spread during their studies, the procedure of medical insurance for students and guarantees of Russian universities in case of an appropriate insurance event.

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Piskulov, Yu V. "At the intersection of economy, culture and education." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2009-01.

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48

Lomakin, N. I., Y. V. Meshcheryakova, G. I. Lukyanov, S. V. Yakshin, N. T. Shabanov, V. V. Cabina, Ya I. Bodina, and I. N. Lomakin. "Forecasting the development of the domestic economy by the system of artificial intelligence, assessment of the risk and stability of the financial sector." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 604–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2208-06.

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The article considers theoretical approaches to forecasting the development of the domestic economy and the stability of the fi nancial sector. The work uses an artificial intelligence system developed by the authors. The paper puts forward and proves the hypothesis that the use of the risk assessment of the financial sector calculated using the VaR model in the neural network AI system can be used to obtain the forecast value of the country’s GDP in order to provide support for managerial decision-making under conditions of uncertainty. Of great importance is the study of the theoretical foundations for increasing the stability of the Russian economy in modern conditions. The use of neural network models in GDP forecasting is an important tool for assessing and ensuring the sustainability of the Russian economy. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that an approach is proposed to fill the gap that concerns the problem of the lack of a reliable approach in assessing the risk of financial sector stability in order to ensure the sustainable development of the domestic economy. Get a correct forecast of the gross domestic product (GDP) in the face of market uncertainty. According to the VaR model, with a 99 % probability, the absolute value of the fi nancial risk of a reduction in the profits of the banking system of the Russian Federation may amount to 108.5 billion rubles in 2022, or 4.5226 %, and the amount of profi t may reach 2.3 trillion rubles. rub. The resulting neuroforecast of the value of GDP for 2022 is 79 023.4 billion rubles. 33.3 % higher than the 59 262.95 billion rubles, declared by experts, the total forecast value of GDP for 1Q. (28410) and 2 sq. (30853). To compare the accuracy of the forecast, it remains to wait until the actual values of GDP become known. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that in the course of the study the prerequisites for solving an important national economic problem were formed — forecasting the value of GDP and ensuring the sustainable development of the country’s economy.

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49

Umarov, H. S. "The Russian market of international money transfers and payment systems in March-April 2022." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 574–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2208-03.

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The defi ning trend in the development of the global economy of the XXI century has become an increase in the intensity of money transfers. Today, international transfers are one of the dynamically developing segments of the fi nancial market, which determines the key trends in cooperation between countries. In about 30 countries of the world in 2014, transfers of citizens abroad (both in developed and developing countries) amounted to more than 10 % of gross domestic product (GDP) or were approaching this threshold. The subject of the author’s scientific interest was the mechanism of international money transfers from Russia abroad in the conditions of sanctions restrictions in 2022. Using the methods of observation and evaluation of expert opinions, the author analyzed the ways of money transfers by Russian banks and electronic payment systems. The material can be useful to fi nanciers, bankers, users who send transfers from and to Russia to relatives, employees, contractors. The author recognizes the need to promptly search for legal ways to implement international transfers for Russian users.

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Moga, I. S., A. V. Pasko, S. M. Smagulova, and P. Kamara. "Management pattens of post-crisis development of cross-border M&A strategies in the world economy (part 2)." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 550–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2208-01.

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Abstract:

At the present stage of the crisis in the development of the economy, there is a modifi cation of the management strategies of the largest economic entities — transnational companies (TNCs), associated with the emergence of fundamentally new models of business development, ubiquitous digitalization processes and digital transformation. The purpose of the analysis in this article is assessment of the potential and management aspects of the development of cross-border mergers and acquisitions at the present stage. The methodological basis of the study is the modern provisions of the theory of transnationalization, as well as concepts covering the processes of internationalization (in particular, the "springboard theory"). In preparing the article, the method of systems analysis was used, as well as the analytical method, which made it possible to formulate the main scientific abstractions about the strategies of cross-border mergers and acquisitions. The empirical basis of the study is provided by statistics on global foreign direct investment (FDI) fl ows, cross-border mergers and acquisitions, as well as corporate strategies of some companies. The current crisis, as well as digitalization processes, infl uence the formation of new management patterns for the development of these corporate strategies. In the postpandemic phase of development, cross-border M&A strategies are becoming more customer-centric. At the same time, the key risk of developing eff ective strategies for managing cross-border mergers and acquisitions is the growth of protectionist sentiments on the part of states, which determine the uncertainty of scientific and practical approaches to the further organization of such transactions. It has been established that from the point of view of managerial consequences, managers of TNCs considering foreign mergers and acquisitions should take into account the stage of internationalization at which the TNC is located, as well as the nature of the change in institutional regulation in their country.

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