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Skeath, J. B., G. F. Panganiban, and S. B. Carroll. "The ventral nervous system defective gene controls proneural gene expression at two distinct steps during neuroblast formation in Drosophila." Development 120, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): 1517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.6.1517.
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Within the Drosophila embryo, the formation of many neuroblasts depends on the functions of the proneural genes of the achaete-scute complex (AS-C): achaete (ac), scute (sc) and lethal of scute (l'sc), and the gene ventral nervous system defective (vnd). Here, we show that vnd controls neuroblast formation, in part, through its regulation of the proneural genes of the AS-C. vnd is absolutely required to activate ac, sc and l'sc gene expression in proneural clusters in specific domains along the medial column of the earliest arising neuroblasts. Using ac-lacZ reporter constructs, we determined that vnd controls proneural gene expression at two distinct steps during neuroblast formation through separable regulatory regions. First, vnd is required to activate proneural cluster formation within the medial column of every other neuroblast row through regulatory elements located 3′ to ac; second, through a 5′ regulatory region, vnd functions to increase or maintain proneural gene expression in the cell within the proneural cluster that normally becomes the neuroblast. By following neuroblast segregation in vnd mutant embryos, we show that the neuroectoderm forms normally and that the defects in neuroblast formation are specific to particular proneural clusters.
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Le, Dung C. "Assessment of the willingness of households to pay for clean water use in Cang Long district, Tra Vinh province." Journal of Agriculture and Development 02 (April 29, 2019): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52997/jad.2.02.2019.
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This study aimed to estimate the willingness of households to pay for domestic clean water use against its price in rural areas of Cang Long district, Tra Vinh province. This research also identified the possibility and factors affecting the willingness to pay for a given price of 6,500 VND or above per m3 of clean water. A contingent valuation method with multiple prices (bidding game) ranging from VND 5,000 to VND 9,000 per m3 of clean water was applied to interview 120 households in Cang Long district. Results showed that the mean willingness to pay was VND 6,200 for each m3 of clean water used. The income positively affected the willingness to pay against the price of 6,500 VND or above whereas the household size had a negative impact on this parameter. It is suggested that the service provider should consider to extent the minimum volume of water used up to 10 m3/month instead of 4 m3/month in accordance with the minimum price of 5,700 VND per m3 of water used.
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Pekel, Engin, and Selin Soner Kara. "Solving Capacitated Location Routing Problem by Variable Neighborhood Descent and GA-Artificial Neural Network Hybrid Method." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 30, no. 5 (November 9, 2018): 563–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v30i5.2640.
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This paper aims to find the optimal depot locations and vehicle routings for spare parts of an automotive company considering future demands. The capacitated location-routing problem (CLRP), which has been practiced by various methods, is performed to find the optimal depot locations and routings by additionally using the artificial neural network (ANN). A novel multi-stage approach, which is performed to lower transportation cost, is carried out in CLRP. Initially, important factors for customer demand are tested with an univariate analysis and used as inputs in the prediction step. Then, genetic algorithm (GA) and ANN are hybridized and applied to provide future demands. The location of depots and the routings of the vehicles are determined by using the variable neighborhood descent (VND) algorithm. Five neighborhood structures, which are either routing or location type, are implemented in both shaking and local search steps. GA-ANN and VND are applied in the related steps successfully. Thanks to the performed VND algorithm, the company lowers its transportation cost by 2.35% for the current year, and has the opportunity to determine optimal depot locations and vehicle routings by evaluating the best and the worst cases of demand quantity for ten years ahead.
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Huynh, Minh Thuan, Van Nhan Truong, Duong Hai Le, Ngoc Thanh Tran, Van Chuong Bui, Quang Hieu Pham, Hong Hoa Pham, and Minh Hieu Nguyen. "Evaluating the digitalization capability and display of KPIs for two fertilizer plants of Petrovietnam." Petrovietnam Journal, no. 2 (December 25, 2023): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47800/pvsi.2023.02-08.
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The study partially funded by the Vietnam Oil and Gas Group (Petrovietnam) assesses the infrastructure, OT/IT systems, and data handling at two fertilizer plants. Although well-equipped with automation control technology, the plants lack seamless integration, connectivity, and encounter limitations in communication between systems. To address these issues, the study advocates for the integration of digital technology, emphasizing its potential for enhancing efficiency, facilitating optimal management, and guiding strategic direction. Following an assessment of infrastructure, key performance indicator (KPI) system requirements, and data management, the study proposes an initial application of digital technology to link KPI displays. The outlined scope, initial costs, investment phases, and implementation schedule indicate a total initial investment of around VND 37 - 39 billion, accompanied by annual maintenance costs ranging from VND 3.7 to 4.1 billion. Expected economic and social benefits involve improved management at both Petrovietnam and plant levels through the KPI system, with an estimated energy cost savings of 1%, equivalent to roughly VND 44.6 billion. The project aims to position the fertilizer plants and Petrovietnam as leaders in technology, contributing to sustainability and enhancing their global industry reputation.
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Yoo, Si-Uk. "Kinetic analysis of Drosophila Vnd protein containing homeodomain with its target sequence." BMB Reports 43, no. 6 (June 30, 2010): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5483/bmbrep.2010.43.6.407.
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Chen, Shifeng, Rong Chen, and Jian Gao. "A Modified Harmony Search Algorithm for Solving the Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows." Scientific Programming 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1021432.
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The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a classical combinatorial optimization problem. It is usually modelled in a static fashion; however, in practice, new requests by customers arrive after the initial workday plan is in progress. In this case, routes must be replanned dynamically. This paper investigates the Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (DVRPTW) in which customers’ requests either can be known at the beginning of working day or occur dynamically over time. We propose a hybrid heuristic algorithm that combines the harmony search (HS) algorithm and the Variable Neighbourhood Descent (VND) algorithm. It uses the HS to provide global exploration capabilities and uses the VND for its local search capability. In order to prevent premature convergence of the solution, we evaluate the population diversity by using entropy. Computational results on the Lackner benchmark problems show that the proposed algorithm is competitive with the best existing algorithms from the literature.
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Maghfiroh, Meilinda Fitriani Nur, and Anak Agung Ngurah Perwira Redi. "Tabu search heuristic for inventory routing problem with stochastic demand and time windows." Jurnal Sistem dan Manajemen Industri 6, no. 2 (November 23, 2022): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30656/jsmi.v6i2.4813.
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This study proposes the hybridization of tabu search (TS) and variable neighbourhood descent (VND) for solving the Inventory Routing Problems with Stochastic Demand and Time Windows (IRPSDTW). Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) is among the most used approaches for managing supply chains comprising multiple stakeholders, and implementing VMI require addressing the Inventory Routing Problem (IRP). Considering practical constraints related to demand uncertainty and time constraint, the proposed model combines multi-item replenishment schedules with unknown demand to arrange delivery paths, where the actual demand amount is only known upon arrival at a customer location with a time limit. The proposed method starts from the initial solution that considers the time windows and uses the TS method to solve the problem. As an extension, the VND is conducted to jump the solution from its local optimal. The results show that the proposed method can solve the IRPSDTW, especially for uniformly distributed customer locations.
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Galibina, Natalia A., Tatiana V. Tarelkina, Olga V. Chirva, Yulia L. Moshchenskaya, Kseniya M. Nikerova, Diana S. Ivanova, Ludmila I. Semenova, Aleksandra A. Serkova, and Ludmila L. Novitskaya. "Molecular Genetic Characteristics of Different Scenarios of Xylogenesis on the Example of Two Forms of Silver Birch Differing in the Ratio of Structural Elements in the Xylem." Plants 10, no. 8 (August 2, 2021): 1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081593.
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Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) is an economically important species in Northern Europe. The current research focused on the molecular background of different xylogenesis scenarios in the birch trunks. The study objects were two forms of silver birch, silver birch trees, and Karelian birch trees; the latter form is characterized by the formation of two types of wood, non-figured (straight-grained) and figured, respectively, while it is currently not clear which factors cause this difference. We identified VND/NST/SND genes that regulate secondary cell wall biosynthesis in the birch genome and revealed differences in their expression in association with the formation of xylem with different ratios of structural elements. High expression levels of BpVND7 accompanied differentiation of the type of xylem which is characteristic of the species. At the same time, the appearance of figured wood was accompanied by the low expression levels of the VND genes and increased levels of expression of NST and SND genes. We identified BpARF5 as a crucial regulator of auxin-dependent vascular patterning and its direct target—BpHB8. A decrease in the BpARF5 level expression in differentiating xylem was a specific characteristic of both Karelian birch with figured and non-figured wood. Decreased BpARF5 level expression in non-figured trees accompanied by decreased BpHB8 and VND/NST/SND expression levels compared to figured Karelian birch trees. According to the results obtained, we suggested silver birch forms differing in wood anatomy as valuable objects in studying the regulation of xylogenesis.
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Huy, Huynh, Luu Thi, Nguyen Khang, and Nguyen Trinh. "Estimating the economic value of the ecotourism destination: The case of Tra Su Melaleuca Forest Natural Park in Viet Nam." Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic, SASA 73, no. 3 (2023): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ijgi2303379h.
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In this article, the application of the Individual Travel Cost Method (ITCM) aims at providing a deeper insight into visitors? preferences and their expenses on marketed and non-marketed services when travelling to the Tra Su Melaleuca Forest Natural Park, an ecotourism destination in An Giang Province of Viet Nam. The empirical findings from the survey of 237 visitors in 2022 showed that the frequency of trips to this recreational site was 1.3 per year on average and relied strongly on the travel costs. Additionally, the estimate of tourism revenues for 2022 of this site was 82,3 billion Viet Nam Dong (VND; equivalent to 3,5 million USD). Meanwhile, its economic value calculated by the ITCM application reaches 206,2 billion VND (or 8,8 million USD). It is obvious that a greater economic value over the monetary amount of revenue also raises several ideas of managerial implications dedicated to the recreational site. It includes building a marketing team for developing recreational services and digital marketing performance, expanding tour services like transportation, lodging, local guides. Finally, enabling local people to engage in dialogues, decision-making, and interest shares is also necessary for the sustainable development of ecotourism.
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Wei, Ming, Guan Long Deng, Zhen Hao Xu, and Xing Sheng Gu. "Parallel Machine Tardiness Scheduling Based on Improved Discrete Differential Evolution." Advanced Materials Research 459 (January 2012): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.459.266.
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To study the identical parallel machine scheduling problem with total tardiness objective, an improved discrete differential evolution DDE_VND is presented. The proposed algorithm hybridizes discrete differential evolution (DDE) with variable neighborhood descent (VND) to enhance its local search ability. Moreover, a constructive heuristic MDD is employed to generate an initial solution in the algorithm to accelerate the convergence of the algorithm. At last, the experimental results based on 50 benchmark instances validate the effectiveness of the DDE_VND algorithm
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Lin, Ying-Chung Jimmy, Hao Chen, Quanzi Li, Wei Li, Jack P. Wang, Rui Shi, Sermsawat Tunlaya-Anukit, et al. "Reciprocal cross-regulation of VND and SND multigene TF families for wood formation in Populus trichocarpa." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 45 (October 23, 2017): E9722—E9729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714422114.
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Secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis is the biological process that generates wood, an important renewable feedstock for materials and energy. NAC domain transcription factors, particularly Vascular-Related NAC-Domain (VND) and Secondary Wall-Associated NAC Domain (SND) proteins, are known to regulate SCW differentiation. The regulation of VND and SND is important to maintain homeostasis for plants to avoid abnormal growth and development. We previously identified a splice variant, PtrSND1-A2IR, derived from PtrSND1-A2 as a dominant-negative regulator, which suppresses the transactivation of all PtrSND1 family members. PtrSND1-A2IR also suppresses the self-activation of the PtrSND1 family members except for its cognate transcription factor, PtrSND1-A2, suggesting the existence of an unknown factor needed to regulate PtrSND1-A2. Here, a splice variant, PtrVND6-C1IR, derived from PtrVND6-C1 was discovered that suppresses the protein functions of all PtrVND6 family members. PtrVND6-C1IR also suppresses the expression of all PtrSND1 members, including PtrSND1-A2, demonstrating that PtrVND6-C1IR is the previously unidentified regulator of PtrSND1-A2. We also found that PtrVND6-C1IR cannot suppress the expression of its cognate transcription factor, PtrVND6-C1. PtrVND6-C1 is suppressed by PtrSND1-A2IR. Both PtrVND6-C1IR and PtrSND1-A2IR cannot suppress their cognate transcription factors but can suppress all members of the other family. The results indicate that the splice variants from the PtrVND6 and PtrSND1 family may exert reciprocal cross-regulation for complete transcriptional regulation of these two families in wood formation. This reciprocal cross-regulation between families suggests a general mechanism among NAC domain proteins and likely other transcription factors, where intron-retained splice variants provide an additional level of regulation.
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Li, Jiaqi. "Analysis of the Real Exchange Rate of Vietnamese Dong from the Perspective of Demographic Dividend." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 6 (March 27, 2023): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v6i.6475.
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With the advantage of demographic dividend and extensive investment value, Vietnam's foreign trade has developed rapidly and made great contribution to its economic development. By studying the mechanism of the indirect effect of the population age structure on the promoting effect of economic development on the real exchange rate of the Vietnamese dong, it is of great significance to understand the long-term change law of the exchange rate of Vietnam and even other developing countries. In this paper, the influence of population age structure on the real exchange rate of VND(Vietnamese dong) against USD(US dollar) was studied. In accordance with the idea of "relevant theoretical analysis - empirical analysis - conclusions and suggestions", the unit root test, analysis of variance and other econometric methods were used for empirical test. It is found that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between the population age structure and the real exchange rate of VND. It mainly affects the real exchange rate of Vietnam through the mechanism of economic demand, while the influence of "Balassa-Samuelson" on the supply side is weak. In the process of boosting economic growth, the age structure of the population leads to the depreciation tendency of the dong exchange rate. Based on the conclusions of this paper, relevant suggestions are put forward for Vietnam and other countries enjoying demographic dividend to improve the exchange rate formation mechanism, tap the second demographic dividend and develop demographic quality dividend.
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Lopes, Álvaro D. O., Helder R. O. Rocha, Marcos W. J. Servare Junior, Renato E. N. Moraes, Jair A. L. Silva, and José L. F. Salles. "Planning an Integrated Stockyard–Port System for Smart Iron Ore Supply Chains via VND Optimization." Sustainability 15, no. 11 (June 1, 2023): 8970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15118970.
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Stockyard–port planning is a complex combinatorial problem that has been studied primarily through simulation or optimization techniques. However, due to its classification as non-deterministic polynomial-time hard (NP-hard), the generation of optimal or near-optimal solutions in real time requires optimization techniques based on heuristics or metaheuristics. This paper proposes a deterministic simulation and a meta-heuristic algorithm to address the stockyard–port planning problem, with the aim of reducing the time that ships spend in berths. The proposed algorithm is based on the ore handling operations in a real stockyard–port terminal, considering the interaction of large physical equipment and information about the production processes. The stockyard–port system is represented by a graph in order to define ship priorities for planning and generation of an initial solution through a deterministic simulation. Subsequently, the Variable Neighborhood Descent (VND) meta-heuristic is used to improve the initial solution. The convergence time of VND ranged from 1 to 190 s, with the total number of ships served in the berths varying from 10 to 1000 units, and the number of stockyards and berths varying from 11 to 15 and 3 to 5, respectively. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in determining the best allocation of stockpiles, berths, car-dumpers, and conveyor belts. The results also show that increasing the number of conveyor belts is an important strategy that decreases environmental impacts due to exposure of the raw material to the atmosphere, while also increasing the stockyard–port productivity. This positive impact is greater when the number yards and ship berths increases. The proposed algorithm enables real-time decision-making from small and large instances, and its implementation in an iron ore stockyard–port that uses Industry 4.0 principles is suitable.
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Uhler, Jay, Huanqing Zhang, Li-Jyun Syu, and Dervla M. Mellerick. "The Nk-2 box of the Drosophila homeodomain protein, Vnd, contributes to its repression activity in a Groucho-dependent manner." Mechanisms of Development 124, no. 1 (January 2007): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2006.07.009.
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Park, Hyeonji, and Siuk Yoo. "vnd and its target gene twine are required for cell cycle progression during embryonic nervous system development in Drosophila melanogaster." Genes & Genomics 38, no. 1 (November 20, 2015): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13258-015-0371-5.
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Oudouar, Fadoua, and El Zaoui. "An approach based on Clustering AH and VND for Supply Chain Management." International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems 14, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22266/ijies2021.0228.29.
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In this work, we present a new approach to solve the Capacitated Location-Routing Problem (CLRP). The aim of this method is to determine the depot locations, to assign customers to facilities and to define routes for each depot to serve the associated clients. The proposed approach contains two phases, which are the constructive phase and the improvement phase. In the first phase, we select the depots to be opened, allocate the customers to open depots using a Hierarchical Ascendant (HA) method and we solve the vehicle routing problem for each depot using Sweep algorithm. In the second phase, we apply a Variable Neighborhood Descent (VND) with three structures in order to optimize the cost obtained by the first phase. Two sets of well-known instances from the literature are used to evaluate the performance of this method, and the numerical results obtained are compared with the experimental results of other methods. Results show that our method is competitive with respect to the best-known solutions (BKSs) and demonstrate its efficiency in comparison with other approaches.
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Nguyen, Anh Quynh, Oanh Thi Mai Tran, Phuong Khanh Nguyen, and Ha Thu Nguyen. "Cost-effectiveness of one-year adjuvant trastuzumab therapy in treatment for early-stage breast cancer patients with HER2+ in Vietnam." PLOS ONE 19, no. 3 (March 15, 2024): e0300474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300474.
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Background In Vietnam, trastuzumab is included in social health insurance’s benefits package with a reimbursement rate of 60%, but policymakers have been concerned about its cost-effectiveness. The research aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of one-year adjuvant trastuzumab therapy for early-stage breast cancer patients with human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2+) from a societal perspective. Method A Markov model was developed and validated to estimate the lifetime cost and effectiveness (using life year and quality-adjusted life year) of one-year adjuvant trastuzumab therapy compared to chemotherapy (using paclitaxel) alone. Treatment efficacy and transition probabilities were estimated based on published trials (i.e., N9831, NSABP B-31, HERA, and BCIRG 006). Local cost and utility data were employed to capture the Vietnam context. One-way sensitivity analysis, probabilistic sensitivity analysis, threshold, and scenario analysis were also performed. Results One-year adjuvant trastuzumab therapy combined with chemotherapy compared to chemotherapy alone yielded an additional cost of 888,453,971VND (39,062 US$) with an additional 3.09 LYs and 1.61 QALYs, resulting in an ICER of 287,390,682 VND (12,635 US$) per LY gained, or 519,616,972 VND (22,845 US$) per QALY gained. The ICER exceeds the cost-effective threshold of 1- and 3-time GDP per capita by 6.3 and 2.1 times. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis shows similar results. According to one-way sensitivity analysis, ICERs were driven mainly by transition probabilities and trastuzumab price. One-year adjuvant trastuzumab therapy would be cost-effective at the 3-time GDP per capita threshold if the cost of Herceptin 150mg and 450mg vials were reduced by 56% and 54%, correspondingly. Conclusion In Vietnam, one-year adjuvant trastuzumab therapy for early-stage breast cancer with HER2+ is not cost-effective. The research provided reliable and updated evidence to support policymakers in revising the health insurance benefit package. The policymakers should consider the options to reduce the cost of trastuzumab (e.g., regarding the use of trastuzumab biosimilars, price negotiation options, and options of optimizing the use of Herceptin vials among concurrent hospitalized breast cancer patients).
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Tran, Hoang Thi, Tuan T. Nguyen, Hoang Thi Nam Giang, Le Thi Huynh, Debbie Barnett, Roger Mathisen, and John C. S. Murray. "Factors Associated with the Use of Pasteurized Donor Milk for Healthy Newborns: Experience from the First Human Milk Bank in Vietnam." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041151.
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Background: Pasteurized donor milk (PDM) is typically prescribed to preterm or low birthweight newborns when their mother’s own milk is unavailable. In surplus, PDM is prescribed to meet the nutritional needs of healthy newborns in the first few days of life. However, its overuse can undermine efforts to promote and support breastfeeding, waste resources, and reduce the availability of PDM for at-risk newborns. We conducted this study to examine factors associated with the prescription and prolonged use (>48 h) of privately purchased PDM to healthy newborns. Methods: Prospective observational study of 2440 mothers of healthy, term, and normal birthweight newborns born at Da Nang Hospital for Women and Children between April and August 2019. In addition to the descriptive analysis, we performed multiple logistic regressions to examine factors associated with the prescription of PDM (n = 2440) and prolonged PDM use among those who used PDM (n = 566). Results: Twenty-three percent (566/2440) of healthy, term, and birthweight ≥2500 g newborns received PDM and were included in the study. The prevalence of PDM use was higher for cesarean births (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.66, 2.55) and among male newborns (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.62), but lower for farmers or workers (vs. other jobs; OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.93), family income <10 million VND (vs. ≥10 million VND; OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.82), and duration of skin-to-skin ≥90 min (vs. <90 min; OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.76). Prolonged PDM use (12.4% of 566 newborns who used PDM) was associated with the mother having a higher socioeconomic status job (professional, small trader or homemaker; OR: 4.00; 95% CI: 1.39, 12.5), being a first-time mother (OR: 3.39; 95% CI: 1.92, 6.01) or having a cesarean birth (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.02, 4.28). Conclusions: The prescription and prolonged use of privately purchased PDM was associated with non-medical factors unrelated to the ability to breastfeed effectively. The findings suggest the need for improved breastfeeding communication, counseling and support skills for health staff, development, and application of strict criteria on PDM use for healthy newborns and better routine monitoring of PDM use over time.
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Guo, Ning, Bin Qian, Rong Hu, Huai P. Jin, and Feng H. Xiang. "A Hybrid Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Multi-Compartment Vehicle Routing Problem." Complexity 2020 (October 21, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8839526.
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The multi-compartment vehicle routing problem (MCVRP) has been applied in fuel or food delivery, waste collection, and livestock transportation. Ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO) has been recognized as an efficient method to solve the VRP and its variants. In this paper, an improved hybrid ant colony optimization algorithm (IHACO) is proposed to minimize the total mileage of the MCVRP. First, a probabilistic model is designed to guide the algorithm search towards high-quality regions or solutions by considering both similar blocks of customers and customer permutations. Then, a heuristic rule is presented to generate initial individuals to initialize the probabilistic model, which can drive the search to the high-quality regions faster. Moreover, a new local search using the geometry optimization is developed to execute exploitation from the promising regions. Finally, two types of variable neighborhood descent (VND) techniques based on the speed-up search strategy and the first move strategy are devised to further enhance the local exploitation ability. Comparative numerical experiments with other algorithms and statistical analyses are carried out, and the results show that IHACO can achieve better solutions.
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Matsumiya, Masahiko, and Ryuzo Takagi. "A Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Electric and Thermodynamic Properties in Molten (Nd1/3, Na or K)Cl Mixtures." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 56, no. 6-7 (July 1, 2001): 466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2001-0607.
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Abstract Molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out on molten (Nd1/3, K)Cl at 1065 and 1073 K and (Nd1/3, Na)Cl at 1124 K for various compositions. The calculated self-exchange velocity (v ), self-diffusion coefficient (D), electrical conductivity (k) and enthalpy of mixing ( ΔHmix) were compared with the corresponding experimental values. The calculated results revealed that v and D of potassium decrease with increasing anmount of neodymium, as expected from the experimental internal mobility (6). The decrease of bK, vK, and DK are attributed to the tranquilization effect by Nd3+ which strongly interacts with Cl- as well as Dy3+. On the contrary, bNd, VNd, and DNd increase with increasing concentration of Nd3+. This might be ascribed to the stronger association of Nd3+ with Cl- due to the enhanced charge asymmetry of the two cations neighboring Cl- . In addition, the sequences of the calculated v's, D's and k ’s for the various compositions were consistent with those of the known experimental results. The experimental enthalpy of mixing with its negative dependence on the cation size was qualitatively reproduced.
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Meyer, Heiko, Tonia Von Ohlen, Mareike Panz, and Achim Paululat. "The disintegrin and metalloprotease Meltrin from Drosophila forms oligomers via its protein binding domain and is regulated by the homeobox protein VND during embryonic development." Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 40, no. 11 (November 2010): 814–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmb.2010.07.010.
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Hattori, Yasushi, Chie Seki, Jun Maeda, Yuji Nagai, Kazunobu Aoyama, Ming-Rong Zhang, Takafumi Minamimoto, Tatsuki Koike, and Makoto Higuchi. "Quantification of monoacylglycerol lipase and its occupancy by an exogenous ligand in rhesus monkey brains using [18F]T-401 and PET." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 42, no. 4 (November 2, 2021): 656–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x211058285.
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Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a cytosolic serine hydrolase that cleaves monoacylglycerols into fatty acids and is a potential target for the novel treatment of CNS disorders related to the endocannabinoid system and neuroinflammation. We have developed [18F]T-401 as a selective Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent for MAGL. In this study, we determined an analytical method to quantify MAGL availability and its occupancy by an exogenous inhibitor in rhesus monkey brains using [18F]T-401-PET. In rhesus monkeys, regional time-activity curves were described well when using an extended 2-tissue compartment model that accommodated the formation of a radiometabolite in the brain. This model yielded reliable estimates of the total distribution volume ( VT), and the rank order of VT was consistent with known regional activity of MAGL enzyme in primates. The pretreatment of monkeys with JW642 resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of [18F]T-401 retentions in the brain, and VT. Lassen's graphical analysis indicated a VND of 0.69 mL/cm3 and a plasma JW642 concentration of 126 ng/mL for inhibiting the specific binding by 50%. [18F]T-401 and the method established can be used for quantification of MAGL in healthy brain and in disease conditions, and is suitable for evaluations of target engagement at cerebral MAGL.
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Xia, Yan, Ming-Qiang Zheng, Daniel Holden, Shu-fei Lin, Michael Kapinos, Jim Ropchan, Jean-Dominique Gallezot, Yiyun Huang, and Richard E. Carson. "Measurement of Bmax and Kd with the Glycine Transporter 1 Radiotracer 18F-MK6577 using a Novel Multi-Infusion Paradigm." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 35, no. 12 (July 22, 2015): 2001–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2015.163.
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Glycine is a co-agonist of glutamate at the NMDA receptor. Glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) inhibitors are reported to be potential therapeutic agents for schizophrenia. 18F-MK6577 is a new positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer useful for imaging brain GlyT1 and its occupancy in humans. We devised a novel multi-infusion paradigm of radiolabeled and unlabeled compound and an iterative linear/nonlinear alternating fitting method to allow for the determination of in vivo affinity ( Kd) and target concentration ( Bmax) images, constraining Kd to be uniform across the brain. This paradigm was tested with 18F-MK6577 in baboons. Voxel-based analysis produced high quality Bmax images and reliable Kd estimates, and also suggested that the nondisplaceable distribution volume ( VND) is not uniform throughout the brain. In vivo GlyT1 Kd was estimated to be 1.87 nmol/L for 18F-MK6577, and the rank order of GlyT1 distribution measured in the baboon brain was: high in the brainstem (133 nmol/L), medium in the cerebellum (83 nmol/L), and low in the cortex (30 nmol/L). These in vivo Kd and Bmax values agreed well with those determined in vitro, thus validating our novel multi-infusion approach.
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Canale, Eduardo, Franco Robledo, Pablo Sartor, and Luis Stábile. "Solving the Max-Diversity Orthogonal Regrouping Problem by an Integer Linear Programming Model and a GRASP/VND with Path-Relinking Approach." Symmetry 14, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14010018.
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Students from Master of Business Administration (MBA) programs are usually split into teams. In light of the generalistic nature of MBA programs, diversity within every team is desirable in terms of gender, major, age and other criteria. Many schools rotate the teams at the beginning of every term so that each student works with a different set of peers during every term, thus training his or her adaptation skills and expanding the peer network. Achieving diverse teams while avoiding–or minimizing—the repetition of student pairs is a complex and time-consuming task for MBA Directors. We introduce the Max-Diversity Orthogonal Regrouping (MDOR) problem to manage the challenge of splitting a group of people into teams several times, pursuing the goals of high diversity and few repetitions. We propose a hybrid Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure/Variable Neighborhood Descent (GRASP/VND) heuristic combined with tabu search and path relinking for its resolution, as well as an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation. We compare both approaches through a set of real MBA cohorts, and the results show that, in all cases, the heuristic approach significantly outperforms the ILP and manually formed teams in terms of both diversity and repetition levels.
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Phan, Jenny-Ann, Anne M. Landau, Dean F. Wong, Steen Jakobsen, Adjmal Nahimi, Doris J. Doudet, and Albert Gjedde. "Quantification of [11C]yohimbine Binding to α2 Adrenoceptors in Rat Brain in vivo." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 35, no. 3 (March 2015): 501–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2014.225.
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We quantified the binding potentials ( BPND) of [11C]yohimbine binding in rat brain to alpha-2 adrenoceptors to evaluate [11C]yohimbine as an in vivo marker of noradrenergic neurotransmission and to examine its sensitivity to the level of noradrenaline. Dual [11C]yohimbine dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) recordings were applied to five Sprague Dawley rats at baseline, followed by acute amphetamine administration (2 mg/kg) to induce elevation of the endogenous level of noradrenaline. The volume of distribution ( VT) of [11C]yohimbine was obtained using Logan plot with arterial plasma input. Because alpha-2 adrenoceptors are distributed throughout the brain, the estimation of the BPND is complicated by the absence of an anatomic region of no displaceable binding. We used the Inhibition plot to acquire the reference volume, VND, from which we calculated the BPND. Acute pharmacological challenge with amphetamine induced a significant decline of [11C]yohimbine BPND of ∼38% in all volumes of interest. The BPND was greatest in the thalamus and striatum, followed in descending order by, frontal cortex, pons, and cerebellum. The experimental data demonstrate that [11C]yohimbine binding is sensitive to a challenge known to increase the extracellular level of noradrenaline, which can benefit future PET investigations of pathologic conditions related to disrupted noradrenergic neurotransmission.
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Nam, Le Van, Nguyen Huu Van, Nguyen Xuan Ba, Pham Hoang Son Hung, and Ngo Mau Dung. "Husbandry system and efficiency of goat fattening among households in Nghe An Province, Vietnam." Journal of Agricultural Extension 27, no. 4 (October 20, 2023): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v27i4.3.
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This study assessed the goat-fattening system among households, its economic efficiency, and farmers` constraints in goat fattening. A survey was conducted with 30 goat farmers randomly selected in Nghe An province. The results showed that goats are kept confined and fed a high level of commercial concentre (46-60%) in the diet. Two types of goats have been used for fattening: growing goats and culled female goats and two types of breeds (Co breed/Lao goat and Boer crossbred). The average fattening farm size was 88.2 goats/period. The weight of fattened goats for selling was from 29.0 to 38.3kg/head and live weight gain was from 3.7-5.4 kg/head/month. The profit of goat fattening was relatively good, from 494-590.8 thousand VND/goat/period (2-4 months). The goat fattening was a profitable alternative income opportunity for farmers in the study areas. Most of the farmers are facing difficulties in disease control, high prices of commercial concentrate, and unstable markets. The study suggests that extension programs need to improve the capacity of farmers in goat fattening techniques and disease management, as well as establish a sustainable linkage in the goat value chains for the sustainable development of goat farming.
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Hoang, Hong Minh. "EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AUTOMATIC SPRINKLING SYSTEM FOR SHALLOT CULTIVATION IN VINH CHAU DISTRICT, SOC TRANG PROVINCE." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 4B (March 22, 2018): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/4b/12045.
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Shallot is one of the main crops in Vinh Chau district, Soc Trang province where farming techniques are still simply and mainly based on traditional irrigation types. In the district, groundwater is the main water source for daily uses of the local and farming activities. However, this water source increasingly becomes scarity due to over-exploitations. Therefore, this study aims to save water in agricultural production by applying automatic sprinkling irrigation model (Sprinklers system) in shallot farming and Vinh Chau district is selected as the research site. In this study, the amount of irrigation water for Shallot will be determined by CropWat model and the irrigation time will be measured by a soil moisture device (Takemura DM -15). The results show that the automatic sprinkling system model has saved by 43 - 59 % water amount and 85-91 % time of irrigation per 1000 m2 compared to traditional irrigation methods. The input costs of automatic sprinkling system are estimated at about 8 million VND/1000 m2 and it can be applied for many types of plants with its span of 4 years (depending on users’ uses). In conclusion, the automatic sprinkling irrigation model can alter traditional methods of famers in order to improve productivity, reduce negative impacts on groundwater source, and to adapt to water shortage due to climate change impacts.
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Verde, Paula, Javier Díez-González, Rubén Ferrero-Guillén, Alberto Martínez-Gutiérrez, and Hilde Perez. "Memetic Chains for Improving the Local Wireless Sensor Networks Localization in Urban Scenarios." Sensors 21, no. 7 (April 2, 2021): 2458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072458.
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Local Positioning Systems (LPS) have become an active field of research in the last few years. Their application in harsh environments for high-demanded accuracy applications is allowing the development of technological activities such as autonomous navigation, indoor localization, or low-level flights in restricted environments. LPS consists of ad-hoc deployments of sensors which meets the design requirements of each activity. Among LPS, those based on temporal measurements are attracting higher interest due to their trade-off among accuracy, robustness, availability, and costs. The Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) is extended in the literature for LPS applications and consequently we perform, in this paper, an analysis of the optimal sensor deployment of this architecture for achieving practical results. This is known as the Node Location Problem (NLP) and has been categorized as NP-Hard. Therefore, heuristic solutions such as Genetic Algorithms (GA) or Memetic Algorithms (MA) have been applied in the literature for the NLP. In this paper, we introduce an adaptation of the so-called MA-Solis Wets-Chains (MA-SW-Chains) for its application in the large-scale discrete discontinuous optimization of the NLP in urban scenarios. Our proposed algorithm MA-Variable Neighborhood Descent-Chains (MA-VND-Chains) outperforms the GA and the MA of previous proposals for the NLP, improving the accuracy achieved by 17% and by 10% respectively for the TDOA architecture in the urban scenario introduced.
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Bui, Nuong Thi, Stephen Darby, Trang Quynh Vu, Jean Margaret R. Mercado, Thao Thi Phuong Bui, Komali Kantamaneni, Thuong Thi Hoai Nguyen, Tu Ngoc Truong, Hue Thi Hoang, and Duong Du Bui. "Willingness to Pay for Improved Urban Domestic Water Supply System: The Case of Hanoi, Vietnam." Water 14, no. 14 (July 8, 2022): 2161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14142161.
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Access to a reliable and safe domestic water supply is a serious challenge for many developing countries worldwide. In the capital of Vietnam, Hanoi, the municipal government is facing a number of difficulties in providing sufficient water in a sustainable manner due to the increasing urban population and the serious pollution of both surface and groundwater resources, but this is also due to a lack of resources to invest in the supply system. This study aimed to investigate water users’ willingness to pay for the improvement of Hanoi’s domestic water supply system. A contingent valuation process based on a survey of 402 respondents was used to explore citizens’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the improvement of their urban water supply. The results show that Hanoi’s urban communities (more than 90%) were generally satisfied with the quantity of their water supply, but tended to be dissatisfied with its quality, with 80% of the respondents using advanced water purifiers before drinking and cooking. Respondents were also concerned about the overall reliability of the service, with 40% of respondents indicating that they received no check and maintenance service. A WTP regression model was developed based on the survey findings. The average WTP is 281,000 dong/household/month (approximately 12.2 USD at the exchange rate of 1 USD to about 23,000 VND), equivalent to 1.4% of the average household income at the end of 2019, indicating the level of affordability of monthly water payments among Hanoi citizens.
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Do, Van Quang, Mai Lan Phung, Duc Toan Truong, Thi Thanh Trang Pham, Van Thanh Dang, and The Kien Nguyen. "The Impact of Extreme Events and Climate Change on Agricultural and Fishery Enterprises in Central Vietnam." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 24, 2021): 7121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137121.
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Vietnam is located in the tropical monsoon region and it often faces many types of extreme weather events, especially storms and droughts. In addition to the effect of climate change, extreme weather events have been becoming more complicated and difficult to predict, causing heavy losses to many areas and economic sectors of the country. These problems impose a great threat to the country to achieve its socio-economic targets and sustainable development goals. This study uses a Riparian approach integrated with two-stage Hsiao method using a panel dataset from 2000–2018 to examine the impact of extreme weather events and climate change on the output of agriculture and fishery enterprises in the Central and Central Highlands regions of Vietnam. Findings from the study indicate that extreme weather events and climate change have a negative impact on agriculture and fishery enterprises in the regions. Specifically, the model results show that the value-added loss to agriculture and fishery enterprises as the impact of extreme weather events and climate change may escalate from billion VND 3597.72 to 18,891.2 under different climate change scenarios. The results also indicate the impact of various factors regarding extreme weather events and climate change on the efficiency of enterprises in the study area. Findings from this study provide insights on the impacts of extreme weather events and climate change on value-added of enterprises in the study regions and help to propose appropriate solutions to adapt and mitigate their impacts in the future.
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Minh, Dao Duy, Nguyen Duy Tai, Le Ngoc Luu Quang, and Truong Tan Quan. "Estimated the Willingness to Pay Levels for the Adoption of the Internet of Things-IoTs Technology: An Empirical Study in Swiftlet Farming in Binh Thuan Province, Vietnam." Asian Social Science 18, no. 11 (October 23, 2022): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v18n11p5.
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Imported into Vietnam since 2005, domestic swiftlet farming has been being received, noticed, and invested by various stakeholders and multi-local government levels. Entering the digital era, digital technologies are amending the farming of swiftlet and the application of the Internet of Things-IoT technology along with Artificial Intelligence-AI is expanding rapidly. IoTs and Artificial Intelligent positively support farmers in order to collect, synthesize and analyze statistics of data, to be able to self-control, adjust the behavior of the farming activities based on precisely dosed indicators to limit the potential risks due to the enemies of the swiftlet or the bad guys stealing bird's nest. This study investigated 120 producers in Phan Thiet, Ham Thuan Bac, and Bac Binh where the highest population of swiftlet activity in Binh Thuan province, Vietnam. The study applies the Willingness to Pay method in combining with the Linear Regression Model (LRS) to estimate the level of the Willingness to Pay (WTP) and its determinants for the adoption of the Internet of Things (IoTs) technology. The findings indicated that producers agreed to pay 380 million VND (nearly 30% of total investment in equipment and technology) but the level of the WTP showed a large variation: 55 million of lowest group and while more than 1200 million of the highest one. The LRS model with 12 explanatory variables allowed to explain 51% of the factors' influence on the WTP. The findings indicated that should be taken into account the multi-aspects of solutions from producers, enterprises and local government achieve sustainable development in swiftlet farming.
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Thi Thanh Binh, Nguyen. "What Does Vietnam Gain When Its Currency Depreciates?" Economies 9, no. 4 (November 19, 2021): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies9040185.
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The study investigates how the depreciation of the Vietnam dong (VND) against the US dollar (USD) affected export turnover and the stock market in Vietnam during the period from 2000 to 2020. A Markov triple regime-switching model is developed for time-series data involving multistructural breaks. Empirical results reveal that the impact of exchange rates on export turnover and stock price existed both in the long and short run. In the short run, the depreciation of VND led to (i) an increase in export turnover after 12 months; (ii) a decrease in export turnover of the high-growing regime in the short term; (iii) a reduction in stock returns in most cases. In addition, the common cycle from order receipt, preparation, production, and export is about 12 months for all states. The high volatility of export turnover was associated with high export growth. The commonly used phrase of “high risk, high return” seems to not be true for Vietnam’s stock market. The results of this study suggest the feasibility of a slight appreciation of VND against USD, which is the key to escape from being labeled a currency manipulator by the US Treasury.
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Tran, Bach, Minh Trong Nguyen, Pascal Auquier, Laurent Boyer, Guillaume Fond, Giang Thu Vu, Thao Phuong Hoang, et al. "Psychological impacts of COVID-19 on Vietnamese health workers over the prolonged restricted COVID-19 responses: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 13, no. 8 (August 2023): e069239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069239.
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ObjectiveWe assessed the psychological impact posed by COVID-19 and its associated factors on the healthcare workforce nationwide during the peak of Vietnam’s fourth outbreak.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingOur study was conducted in 61 provinces of Vietnam.MethodsA total of 2814 healthcare professionals in 61/63 provinces of Vietnam. An online questionnaire using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scales was distributed randomly to a subgroup of 503 respondents.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTo determine the impact of COVID-19 on the psychological of health workers, we conducted analyses to test a primary hypothesis related to participants based on three main scales including PHQ-9, PSS-4 and GAD-7 scales.ResultsNearly half (49.7%) of healthcare workers experienced mild depression symptoms, 34.0% underwent moderate anxiety symptoms and 49.3% reported high-stress levels. Respondents who had a monthly income below 5 million VND (~US$212) and had more than 3 days of duty per week had a higher score on the anxiety scales. Compared with medical doctors, nurses/midwives had lower PHQ-9 (Coef=−2.53; 95% CI=−3.71 to −1.36) and GAD-7 scores (Coef=−2.36; 95% CI=−3.56 L to −1.16). Increased workload and work time was the harmful factor that increase the PHQ-9, GAD-7 or PSS-4 scores. More than half (53.9%) of respondents stated no demand for mental healthcare services.ConclusionsHealth workers who gained less financial rewards are reported to have higher levels of mental distress than others, implying the need for a raise in basic salary as well as compensation and encouragement schemes. To tackle hesitancy in seeking mental help, integrating online mental health therapy with e-health consultations via social media can be strategically implemented to augment service delivery, and simultaneously enhance the standard of mental health services.
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Dũ, Võ Thanh. "Solution Journalism: A New Prospect for Ensuring Revenue of Vietnamese Press Agencies Nowadays." International Journal of Religion 5, no. 10 (June 20, 2024): 1417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/rg9hbm62.
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Furthermore, to foster the growth of solution journalism in Vietnam, this article provides valuable insights and recommendations for news organizations to implement effective development strategies and attract readers. In this topic, the main concepts and theories that underpin the research are presented Solution journalism or Constructive journalism stand out, providing a solid basis for understanding the context of the investigation.The editorial board were to charge readers, 45% of the public would agree to subscribe to a membership package, 41% would still be unsure about the quality of the newspaper when subscribing, and the remaining 14% would say they would not subscribe to the membership package A survey conducted in Vietnam found that 59.3% of adults over 18 are willing to pay between 7,000 and 10,000 VND per week to read news in a solution-oriented journalism model. In Vietnam today, there is still limited research on this type of journalism. This article utilizes an analytical and statistical approach to explore the origin and implementation of solution journalism in several international news organizations. Additionally, the article presents the results of a survey conducted on 400 individuals regarding their willingness to pay for news content. The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of journalism (Solution journalism or Constructive journalism). Solution journalism is a type of journalism that has been gaining popularity in recent years. In the context of the media being flooded with negative and sensational news, the trend of solution journalism emerges as a “breath of fresh air” gradually asserting its role and importance. Unlike “traditional” journalism which focuses on reporting events, solution journalism focuses on providing readers with positive news and proposing solutions to social problems based on positive psychology. Solution journalism is becoming increasingly popular worldwide, because it offers many benefits to society, such as encouraging public action, proposing and solving social problems, attracting readers, and especially increasing revenue for news organizations.
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Frąszczak, Grzegorz. "Đạo Cao Đài Ở Nam Bộ Và Các Mới Quan Hệ [Cao Đài in Southern Vietnam and its Interrelations]. By HuỳnhNgọc Thu. Thành Phó Hồ Chí Minh: NXB Đại Học Quô´c Gia, 2017. Pp. xix + 307. Paperback, VND 120,000." Religious Studies Review 44, no. 1 (March 2018): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rsr.13370.
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Zheng, Chao, Daniel Holden, Ming-Qiang Zheng, Richard Pracitto, Kyle C. Wilcox, Marcel Lindemann, Zachary Felchner, et al. "A metabolically stable PET tracer for imaging synaptic vesicle protein 2A: synthesis and preclinical characterization of [18F]SDM-16." European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 49, no. 5 (November 11, 2021): 1482–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00259-021-05597-5.
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Abstract Purpose To quantify the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) changes in the whole central nervous system (CNS) under pathophysiological conditions, a high affinity SV2A PET radiotracer with improved in vivo stability is desirable to minimize the potential confounding effect of radiometabolites. The aim of this study was to develop such a PET tracer based on the molecular scaffold of UCB-A, and evaluate its pharmacokinetics, in vivo stability, specific binding, and nonspecific binding signals in nonhuman primate brains, in comparison with [11C]UCB-A, [11C]UCB-J, and [18F]SynVesT-1. Methods The racemic SDM-16 (4-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1-((2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)pyrrolidin-2-one) and its two enantiomers were synthesized and assayed for in vitro binding affinities to human SV2A. We synthesized the enantiopure [18F]SDM-16 using the corresponding enantiopure arylstannane precursor. Nonhuman primate brain PET scans were performed on FOCUS 220 scanners. Arterial blood was drawn for the measurement of plasma free fraction (fP), radiometabolite analysis, and construction of the plasma input function. Regional time-activity curves (TACs) were fitted with the one-tissue compartment (1TC) model to obtain the volume of distribution (VT). Nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) was calculated using either the nondisplaceable volume of distribution (VND) or the centrum semiovale (CS) as the reference region. Results SDM-16 was synthesized in 3 steps with 44% overall yield and has the highest affinity (Ki = 0.9 nM) to human SV2A among all reported SV2A ligands. [18F]SDM-16 was prepared in about 20% decay-corrected radiochemical yield within 90 min, with greater than 99% radiochemical and enantiomeric purity. This radiotracer displayed high specific binding in monkey brains and was metabolically more stable than the other SV2A PET tracers. The fP of [18F]SDM-16 was 69%, which was higher than those of [11C]UCB-J (46%), [18F]SynVesT-1 (43%), [18F]SynVesT-2 (41%), and [18F]UCB-H (43%). The TACs were well described with the 1TC. The averaged test–retest variability (TRV) was 7 ± 3%, and averaged absolute TRV (aTRV) was 14 ± 7% for the analyzed brain regions. Conclusion We have successfully synthesized a novel SV2A PET tracer [18F]SDM-16, which has the highest SV2A binding affinity and metabolical stability among published SV2A PET tracers. The [18F]SDM-16 brain PET images showed superb contrast between gray matter and white matter. Moreover, [18F]SDM-16 showed high specific and reversible binding in the NHP brains, allowing for the reliable and sensitive quantification of SV2A, and has potential applications in the visualization and quantification of SV2A beyond the brain.
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Seidel, Robert. "Satirisch-elegisch-heroisches Erzählen von ‘Deß gwesten Pfaltzgrafen Glück vnd Unglück’." Daphnis 47, no. 1-2 (March 5, 2019): 193–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18796583-04701001.
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The year 1621 saw the anonymous publication of a text under the anagrammatically encoded title Querela Sufredi missa Vinoni, reflecting the defeat of the ‘Winterkönig’ and its far-reaching consequences in the medium of elegiac lament. The fictitious speaker is the militarily and politically isolated Elector Palatine Frederick v. who bitterly addresses the dissolving Protestant Union, allegorically represented as an unfaithful wife. The Latin text substantially and structurally combines elements of (love) elegy, heroic epistle, and verse satire. The article confronts this so far unknown piece of poetry with a prominent counterpart, a satirical heroic epistle by the jesuit Jacob Balde, and analyses it with respect to its specific religious and political tendencies.
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Ildız, Elif, Şükrü Canpolat, Cemil İşlek, Elif Yürümez Canpolat, Yasemin İşlek, and Ilgaz Akata. "Bjerkandera adusta Collected from Niğde: Analysis of Total Phenolic Compound, Antioxidant, vnd Antimicrobial Properties." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, sp2 (December 30, 2022): 2996–3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10isp2.2996-3000.5750.
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Macrofungi have long been used as food and medicinal purposes by humankind. This study aimed to identify a macrofungus sample collected from Niğde, Türkiye in 2019 via molecular techniques and determine the content of total phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. According to data obtained from the sequence analysis of ITS fragment of rDNA the macrofungus sample was identified as Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.) P. Karst (1880). The sample was extracted with ethanol and methanol. Total phenolic compound content, antioxidant activity via DPPH scavenging method and antimicrobial activity via disc diffusion method of B. adusta was determined by using these extracts. The amount of total phenolic compounds was found as 772.28 µg GAE/mL for a methanolic extract of B. adusta. The ethanol extract of B. adusta showed 79.66% scavenging activity of 0.1 mM DPPH solution. The highest inhibition zone diameter was measured as 28±1 mm against P. aeruginosa by ethanolic extract, while the lowest antimicrobial activity was found in 15 µL methanol extract against S. typhimurium with an inhibition zone diameter of 8.7±1.2 mm.
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Vu, Thi Huong, Doan Van Binh, Huan Ngoc Tran, Muhammad Adnan Khan, Duong Du Bui, and Jürgen Stamm. "Quantifying Spatio-Temporal River Morphological Change and Its Consequences in the Vietnamese Mekong River Delta Using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System Techniques." Remote Sensing 16, no. 4 (February 17, 2024): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16040707.
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The evolution of delta and riverbank erosion within the river basin can significantly impact the environment, ecosystems, and lives of those residing along rivers. The Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD), counted among the world’s largest deltas, has undergone significant morphological alterations via natural processes and human activities. This research aims to examine these morphological alterations and their impacts on local economic and social conditions in the VMD. This study utilized satellite data from 1988 to 2020, coupled with population density and land use/land cover (LULC) maps from 2002, 2008, and 2015. The findings reveal that the VMD experienced widespread erosion over the past three decades, covering an area of 66.8 km2 and affecting 48% of the riverbank length (682 km). In contrast to riverbanks, islets showed an accretion trend with an additional area of 13.3 km2, resulting in a decrease in river width over the years. Riverbank and islet erosion has had a profound impact on the LULC, population, and economy of the provinces along the VMD. From 2002 to 2020, eight different land use types were affected, with agricultural land being the most severely eroded, constituting over 86% of the total lost land area (3235.47 ha). The consequences of land loss due to erosion affected 31,273 people and resulted in substantial economic damages estimated at VND 19,409.90 billion (USD 799.50 million) across nine provinces along the VMD. Notably, even though built-up land represented a relatively small portion of the affected area (6.58%), it accounted for the majority of the economic damage at 70.6% (USD 564.45 million). This study underscores the crucial role of satellite imagery and GIS in monitoring long-term morphological changes and assessing their primary impacts. Such analysis is essential for formulating effective plans and strategies for the sustainable management of river environments.
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Pham Thi, Tham, Thuy Tien Doan Ngoc, Cong Son Dang, and Minh Dat Le. "Preference and willingness to pay for using treatment diet services at Hanoi Medical University hospital in 2018 - 2019." Tạp chí Y tế Công cộng 7 (June 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.53522/ytcc.vol7.02.
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Background: An appropriate nutrition diet assists patients to increase the effectiveness of medical treatments, reduce relapse, prevent disease progression, shorten the duration of treatment and reduce medical expenses. In Vietnam, treatment diet services have been concerned at the early stage and implemented among some hospitals but its performance did not widespread and highly effective. Methodology: A cross-sectional study, direct interview with questionnaires on 220 inpatients being treated in 4 clinical departments, namely Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Department of General Surgery, and Department of Oncology and palliative care, in Hanoi Medical University Hospital. Result: The proportion of patients used to using treatment diet was 48.2%.The percentage of respondents want to use treatment diet was 54.95%. There was 54.95% of respondents were willing to pay for treatment meal services with the mean amount of 35,100 VND (95% CI, 31,950 VND-38,240 VND. Comparing to males, more females were willing to pay for the treatment meal services (63.29%) but at a lower mean amount (30,800 VND) and the difference among two groups was statistically significant (p<0.05). Respondents aging from 18 to under 60 were willing to pay at a higher mean amount than those aging 60 and above (37,690 VND and 31,950 VND respectively). Conclusion: The proportion of patients who want to use treatment diet is high. Strengthen communication exchange with leaders, doctors, nurses, patients and family members to increase the proportion of patients use treatment meal over 70% according to the Ministry of Health standards.
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Knyzeliene, Agne, Mark G. MacAskill, Carlos J. Alcaide-Corral, Timaeus EF Morgan, Martyn C. Henry, Christophe Lucatelli, Sally L. Pimlott, Andrew Sutherland, and Adriana AS Tavares. "[18F]LW223 has low non-displaceable binding in murine brain, enabling high sensitivity TSPO PET imaging." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, October 5, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x231205661.
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Neuroinflammation is associated with a number of brain diseases, making it a common feature of cerebral pathology. Among the best-known biomarkers for neuroinflammation in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) research is the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO). This study aims to investigate the binding kinetics of a novel TSPO PET radiotracer, [18F]LW223, in mice and specifically assess its volume of non-displaceable binding ( VND) in brain as well as investigate the use of simplified analysis approaches for quantification of [18F]LW223 PET data. Adult male mice were injected with [18F]LW223 and varying concentrations of LW223 (0.003–0.55 mg/kg) to estimate VND of [18F]LW223. Dynamic PET imaging with arterial input function studies and radiometabolite studies were conducted. Simplified quantification methods, standard uptake values ( SUV) and apparent volume of distribution ( VTapp), were investigated. [18F]LW223 had low VND in the brain (<10% of total binding) and low radiometabolism (∼15–20%). The 2-tissue compartment model provided the best fit for [18F]LW223 PET data, although its correlation with SUV90–120min or VTapp allowed for [18F]LW223 brain PET data quantification in healthy animals while using simpler experimental and analytical approaches. [18F]LW223 has the required properties to become a successful TSPO PET radiotracer.
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Hoang Thi, Chien, Mitchell Kirby, and Lan Dinh Tran. "User willingness to pay for natural resource conservation at Bach Long Vy Island, Vietnam." Vietnam Journal of Earth Sciences, March 4, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2615-9783/16969.
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Tourism development plays a crucial role in creating employment, boosting the revenue of the economy, supporting to improve the living standard. While tourism provides many opportunities to improve the well-being of local communities, the expansion of tourism needs to be effectively managed to avoid the degradation of natural capital. Assessing resource awareness and use behavior is an effective way to determine the public’s commitment to natural resource conservation and restoration in protected areas. The research was performed in Bach Long Vy Island (BLVI) in Hai Phong city, Viet Nam which is the first National Marine protected area designated by the Vietnamese Government. The aim of this study was to estimate tourists’ Willingness to pay (WTP) for natural resource conservation at BLVI through using Contingent valuation method (CVM) with the single-bounded dichotomous choice technique and the random utility model. We estimate the average visitor WTP is VND 153 370 per year (approx. US$6.58), while the aggregate WTP of tourists for the environmental conservation is VND 7.67 million per year (approx. US$32 900) (currency conversions taken as the average rate in September 2020; US$1 to VND 23280). The calculated results show that income and gender factors have significant effects visitors WTP whereas age and education have opposite effects. The outcomes of this research demonstrate the potential tourism value of this island due to the natural amenities and high biodiversity, particularly originating from its marine ecosystems. This result provides valuable scientific information for decision makers and local authorities and should be useful in establishing strategies to prevent the deterioration of ecosystems at BLVI (e.g., an environmental charge or entrance fee), thus contributing to sustainable tourism development.
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Tien, Nguyen Dinh, Mai Diem Ngoc Thuy, and Mai Diem Ngoc Thuy. "Evaluating the Factors Influencing Decision to Pay for Plastic Waste Treatment of Households in Cau Giay District, Hanoi City, Vietnam." VNU Journal of Science: Policy and Management Studies 40, no. 2 (June 27, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1116/vnupam.4509.
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Plastic waste pollution is becoming more and more serious, posing a direct danger to human and animal health. Plastic waste treatment is an issue that receives much attention from many countries. With its bustling pace of life and economic development, Cau Giay District also faces a large amount of plastic waste generated daily without effective treatment measures. This paper used the Binary regression model to evaluate the willingness to pay and the main influencing factors on household's payment decisions. Factors such as media, gender, education, interest, and age all impact the payment decision making of local households. According to survey results, 79.8% of people agree to pay for the "plastic waste treatment fund", with a willingness to pay of about 133,570 VND per household.
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Zhong, Ruiqin, Muthugapatti K. Kandasamy, and Zheng-Hua Ye. "XND1 regulates secondary wall deposition in xylem vessels through inhibition of VND functions." Plant and Cell Physiology, November 3, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcaa140.
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Abstract Secondary wall deposition in xylem vessels is activated by Vascular-Related NAC Domain proteins (VNDs) that belong to a group of secondary wall NAC (SWN) transcription factors. In contrast, Xylem NAC Domain1 (XND1) negatively regulates secondary wall deposition in xylem vessels when overexpressed. The mechanism by which XND1 exerts its functions remains elusive. We employed the promoter of the fiber-specific Secondary Wall-Associated NAC Domain1 (SND1) gene to ectopically express XND1 in fiber cells to investigate its mechanism of action on secondary wall deposition. Ectopic expression of XND1 in fiber cells severely diminished their secondary wall deposition and drastically reduced the expression of SWN-regulated downstream transcription factors and secondary wall biosynthetic genes but not that of the SWN genes themselves. Transactivation analyses revealed that XND1 specifically inhibited SWN-activated expression of these downstream genes but not their MYB46-activated expression. Both the NAC domain and the C-terminus of XND1 were required for its inhibitory function and its NAC domain interacted with the DNA-binding domains of SWNs. XND1 was shown to be localized in the cytoplasm and the nucleus and its co-expression with VND6 resulted in cytoplasmic sequestration of VND6. Furthermore, the C-terminus of XND1 was indispensable for the XND1-mediated cytoplasmic retention of VND6 and its fusion to VND6 was able to direct VND6 to the cytoplasm and render it unable to activate gene expression. Since the XND1 gene is specifically expressed in xylem cells, these results indicate that XND1 acts through inhibiting VND functions to negatively regulate secondary wall deposition in xylem vessels.
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Goutal, Sébastien, Martine Guillermier, Guillaume Becker, Mylène Gaudin, Yann Bramoullé, André Luxen, Christian Lemaire, et al. "The pharmacokinetics of [18F]UCB-H revisited in the healthy non-human primate brain." EJNMMI Research 11, no. 1 (April 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13550-021-00777-8.
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Abstract Background Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of the Synaptic Vesicle glycoprotein (SV) 2A is a new tool to quantify synaptic density. [18F]UCB-H was one of the first promising SV2A-ligands to be labelled and used in vivo in rodent and human, while limited information on its pharmacokinetic properties is available in the non-human primate. Here, we evaluate the reliability of the three most commonly used modelling approaches for [18F]UCB-H in the non-human cynomolgus primate, adding the coupled fit of the non-displaceable distribution volume (VND) as an alternative approach to improve unstable fit. The results are discussed in the light of the current state of SV2A PET ligands. Results [18F]UCB-H pharmacokinetic data was optimally fitted with a two-compartment model (2TCM), although the model did not always converge (large total volume of distribution (VT) or large uncertainty of the estimate). 2TCM with coupled fit K1/k2 across brain regions stabilized the quantification, and confirmed a lower specific signal of [18F]UCB-H compared to the newest SV2A-ligands. However, the measures of VND and the influx parameter (K1) are similar to what has been reported for other SV2A ligands. These data were reinforced by displacement studies using [19F]UCB-H, demonstrating only 50% displacement of the total [18F]UCB-H signal at maximal occupancy of SV2A. As previously demonstrated in clinical studies, the graphical method of Logan provided a more robust estimate of VT with only a small bias compared to 2TCM. Conclusions Modeling issues with a 2TCM due to a slow component have previously been reported for other SV2A ligands with low specific binding, or after blocking of specific binding. As all SV2A ligands share chemical structural similarities, we hypothesize that this slow binding component is common for all SV2A ligands, but only hampers quantification when specific binding is low.
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Nhung, Nguyen Cam, Bui Tu Anh, Le Thi Hue, and Nguyen Thi Cam Huyen. "The Impact of Exchange Rate Movements on Trade Balance between Vietnam and Japan: J Curve Effect Test." VNU Journal of Science: Economics and Business, June 19, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1108/vnueab.4154.
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This study clarifies the impact of the fluctuation of the VND/USD and VND/JPY exchange rates on the trade balance between Vietnam and Japan through testing the J-curve effect by using a vector autoregressive (VAR) model, Impulse Response Function (IRF), stationary test, Granger test and variance decomposition analysis. There are 5 variables including oil price (POIL), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Consumer price index (CPI), Trade balance/Capital account (CA), Nominal exchange rate (NER) based on 67 observations from 2001Q1 to 2017Q3. The highlight of this study compared with previous studies is that we not only evaluate the effect of the exchange rate movements towards the total trade balance between Vietnam and Japan but also investigate how the fluctuations of exchange rate affect the trade balance in each commodity group; therefore, we suggest more essence evaluation and policy implications for these sectors. The results show that the depreciation or the devaluation of VND will improve the trade balance of group 84 (Machinery, mechanical appliances, nuclear reactors, boilers) and group 94 (Furniture) in both the exchange rate VND/USD and VND/JPY, and group 27 (Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation) and group 85 (Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof) in the VND/USD exchange rate. Besides, in total products and group 27, the VND/JPY exchange rate impacts on the trade balance in J-curve effect.
Keywords
J-curve, VAR, exchange rate, trade balance, Vietnam, Japan
References
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Eric Ben Kamoto, 2006, The j-curve effect on the trade balance in Malawi and South Africa.8. Goldstein, M. và M.S. Khan, 1985, Income and price effects in foreign trade”, In R.W. Jones và P.B. Kenen (eds.), Handbook of International Economics, vol. 2, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.9. Ha Thi Thieu Dao & Pham Thi Tuyet Trinh (2013), Relationships between Exchange Rate and Balance of Payments, Journal of Banking Training Science, No. 103, pages 17-24.10. Khieu Van Hoang (2013), The effects of the real exchange rate on the trade balance: Is there a J-curve for Vietnam? A VAR approach, Munich Personal Repec Archive.11. Lê Thuận Đồng, Ishida Miki (2016), The effects of exchange rate on Trade balance in Vietnam, Evidence from Cointegration analysis12. Masanori Ono, SaangJoon Baak (2014), Revisiting the J-Curve for Japan, Modern Economy, 2014, p32-47.13. Ng Yuen Ling, 2008, Real Exchange Rate and Trade Balance.14. Olugbenga Onafowora (2003), Exchange rate and trade balance in East Asia: Is there a J-curve?, Economics Bulletin, Susquehanna University, Vol.5, No.18, pp.1-13.15. Persaran, M.H., và Y. Shin, 1998, Generalized Impulse Response Analysis in Linear Multivariate Models, Economics Letters.16. Pham Hong Phuc (2009), Real exchange rates and Trade balance in Vietnam, Master thesis in economics, University of Economics in Ho Chi Minh City.17. Rizaudin Sahlan, Hussein Abdlth, Muhd Ridhuan Boss Abdlluh (2008), Trade balance and J- curve phenomenon in Malaysia.18. Rose, A. K, (1990), Exchange Rates and the Trade Balance: Some Evidence from Developing Countries, Economics Letters, 34, pp. 271-275.19. Rose, A. K. and Yellen, J. L., (1989), Is There a J-curve? Journal of Monetary Economics, 24, pp. 53-58. Tihomir, S., (2004), The Impact of Exchange Rate Change on the Trade Balance in Croatia, IMF Working. 20. Sugema, I. (2005), The Determinants of trade balance and adjustment to the crisis in Indonesia, Centre For International Economic Studies Discussion Paper, No 0508 (ISSN 1445-3746 series), pp.1-28.21. Tihomir Stucka, 2004, The effects of exchange rate change on the trade balance in Croatia.22. Tu Cao Anh (2010), J curve effect and bilateral trade balance between Vietnam and its five major partners, Master thesis on Economics, HCMC University of Economics.23. Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee và các cộng sự, 2003, Is there a J-curve at the Industry Level?, Wisconsin-Milwaukee Universities.24. Nguyen Huu Tuan & Nguyen Huynh Minh Nguyet Mai Diem Phuong & Duong Thao Nguyen Do Thanh Ha & Lam Ngoc Phuong Thao (2014), Impact of exchange rates and national income on trade balance: VECM, Journal of Integrated Development, No. 15, March 201425. Nguyen Huu Tuan (2011), "Analyzing the impact of macroeconomic variables on Vietnam's trade balance", Banking Technology Magazine, No. 65, May 2011, pages 13-22.26. Nguyen Minh Hai, Phan Tat Hien, Dang Hien Linh (2013), Analyzing the Impact of Currency Devaluations on Vietnam's Economic Growth in 2000-2012, Journal of Economic Development, No. 269, March 201327. Nguyen Quang My, Mustafa Sayim & Hamid Rahman (2017), The Impact of Exchange Rate on Market Fundamentals: A Case Study of J-curve Effect in Vietnam, Research in Applied Economics.28. Phan Thanh Hoan, Nguyen Dang Hao (2007), Relationships between Exchange rate and Trade balance in Vietnam in 1995-2004, Journal of Science, Hue University, No. 43, 2007.29. Senhadji, Abdelhak S., 1998, Dynamics of the Trade Balance and the Terms of Trade In LDCs: the S-Curve, Journal of International Economics, Vol. 46, pp.105-131.30. Thanh Hoan Phan, Ji Young Jeong (2015), Vietnam Trade Balance and Exchange Rate: Evidence from Panel Data Analysis, Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research JAEBR, 5(4): 220-232 (2015).31. 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Nguyen, T. D., J. K. Oh, and V. M. Hoang. "Early assessment of health impact of the population-based tobacco control interventions in Vietnam." European Journal of Public Health 30, Supplement_5 (September 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.337.
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Abstract Background Through the period from 2013 until now, Vietnam has achieved progress in tobacco control following the implementation of MPOWER in 2008 and the enactment of the comprehensive Law on Prevention and Control of Tobacco Harms in 2012. This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of 6 population-based interventions including health promotion & education program; smoke-free models; cessation program; graphic health warning on cigarette package; bans on advertising/ promotion/ sponsoring; raising tobacco tax. Methods An Excel-based Markov model was adopted based on the previous studies of HV Minh et al 2018 and Ngalesoni et al 2017. We estimated the potential health gain on Vietnamese population by using the empirical data on tobacco epidemic in Vietnam together with the reviewed intervention effects from the literature. Due to the rapid decline of risk of cardiovascular disease after the smoking behavior changed, the short-run heath impacts were mainly estimated based on the change of smoking-related health burden of cardiovascular diseases. Results All six population-based interventions on tobacco control that have implemented were considered to be highly cost-effective ranged from 1,405 VND - 135,560 VND per DALYs averted compared to the WHO recommended threshold at 1 GDP per capita. Raising tobacco tax was projected to the most cost-effective intervention due to its significant health gains and potential to work on in the long run. Besides, smoke-free model, as the best intervention on individual behavior change, should be continue invested together with campaigns on raising awareness. Conclusions The study results shown the potential health impact in tobacco control in Vietnam after 10 years' implementation of MPOWER. Also, the findings provided a strong message that more attention should be paid to developing the national tobacco control strategy in the next phase to make the best use of available resources. Key messages Adequate attention should be equally paid for both political interventions and individual behavior – aimed interventions (communication, cessation…) in the fight against tobacco harms. Aside from raising tobacco tax, further investigations and investments on cessation services as well as smoking bans in public places are needed in Vietnam to achieve the best compliance on MPOWER.
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Zhang, Xin-jie, Jun-qing Li, Xiao-feng Liu, Jie Tian, Pei-yong Duan, and Yan-yan Tan. "A hybrid whale optimization algorithm for distributed no-wait flow-shop scheduling problem with batch delivery." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, March 30, 2024, 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-238627.
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Enterprises have increasingly focused on integrated production and transportation problems, recognizing their potential to enhance cohesion across different decision-making levels. The whale optimization algorithm, with its advantages such as minimal parameter control, has garnered attention. In this study, a hybrid whale optimization algorithm (HWOA) is designed to settle the distributed no-wait flow-shop scheduling problem with batch delivery (DNWFSP-BD). Two objectives are considered concurrently, namely, the minimization of the makespan and total energy consumption. In the proposed algorithm, four vectors are proposed to represent a solution, encompassing job scheduling, factory assignment, batch delivery and speed levels. Subsequently, to generate high-quality candidate solutions, a heuristic leveraging the Largest Processing Time (LPT) rule and the NEH heuristic is introduced. Moreover, a novel path-relinking strategy is proposed for a more meticulous search of the optimal solution neighborhood. Furthermore, an insert-reversed block operator and variable neighborhood descent (VND) are introduced to prevent candidate solutions from converging to local optima. Finally, through comprehensive comparisons with efficient algorithms, the superior performance of the HWOA algorithm in solving the DNWFSP-BD is conclusively demonstrated.
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Zhai, Ning, Xuan Pan, Minhuan Zeng, and Lin Xu. "Developmental trajectory of pluripotent stem cell establishment in Arabidopsis callus guided by a quiescent center-related gene network." Development, February 10, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.200879.
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In plant tissue culture, callus is induced by a high auxin concentration. Among the three cell layers (the outer, middle, and inner cell layers) of callus, pluripotency acquisition in the middle cell layer is critical for the potential ability of callus to regenerate organs. Here, we reveal the developmental trajectory of middle cell layer initiation and maintenance in callus originating from Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls. The S phase in cell cycle is essential for the expression of quiescent center (QC)-related SCARECROW (SCR), PLETHORA1 (PLT1), and WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX5 (WOX5) genes during the division of callus founder cells to initiate the callus primordium. After callus initiation, SHOOT-ROOT (SHR) proteins move from the inner to the middle cell layer and act together with SCR to promote the expression of PLT1 and WOX5. WOX5 represses the expression of VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN (VND) genes, thereby preventing callus from differentiating into the xylem. PLT1/2 directly activate JACKDAW (JKD) for pluripotency acquisition in the middle cell layer. We hypothesize that the middle cell layer could have pluripotent stem cell activity and its establishment requires the QC-related SCR-SHR-WOX5-PLT1/2-JKD gene network.
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Yang, Yongil, Chang Geun Yoo, William Rottmann, Kimberly A. Winkeler, Cassandra M. Collins, Lee E. Gunter, Sara S. Jawdy, et al. "PdWND3A, a wood-associated NAC domain-containing protein, affects lignin biosynthesis and composition in Populus." BMC Plant Biology 19, no. 1 (November 11, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2111-5.
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Abstract Background Plant secondary cell wall is a renewable feedstock for biofuels and biomaterials production. Arabidopsis VASCULAR-RELATED NAC DOMAIN (VND) has been demonstrated to be a key transcription factor regulating secondary cell wall biosynthesis. However, less is known about its role in the woody species. Results Here we report the functional characterization of Populus deltoides WOOD-ASSOCIATED NAC DOMAIN protein 3 (PdWND3A), a sequence homolog of Arabidopsis VND4 and VND5 that are members of transcription factor networks regulating secondary cell wall biosynthesis. PdWND3A was expressed at higher level in the xylem than in other tissues. The stem tissues of transgenic P. deltoides overexpressing PdWND3A (OXPdWND3A) contained more vessel cells than that of wild-type plants. Furthermore, lignin content and lignin monomer syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G) ratio were higher in OXPdWND3A transgenic plants than in wild-type plants. Consistent with these observations, the expression of FERULATE 5-HYDROXYLASE1 (F5H1), encoding an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of sinapyl alcohol (S unit monolignol), was elevated in OXPdWND3A transgenic plants. Saccharification analysis indicated that the rate of sugar release was reduced in the transgenic plants. In addition, OXPdWND3A transgenic plants produced lower amounts of biomass than wild-type plants. Conclusions PdWND3A affects lignin biosynthesis and composition and negatively impacts sugar release and biomass production.