Relevant bibliographies by topics / Vivo conditions

Academic literature on the topic 'Vivo conditions'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Vivo conditions"

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de Maertelaer, V., and D. Pottier. "Stability conditions of cell populations in vivo." Journal of Theoretical Biology 113, no. 2 (March 1985): 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5193(85)80229-0.

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Pavlova, I. A., and V. P. Klimenko. "MODELING OF THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS FOR THE ADAPTATION OF GRAPE PLANTS IN VITRO TO CONDITIONS IN VIVO." Scientific Works of North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making 25 (October 2019): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30679/2587-9847-2019-25-164-168.

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Henselová, M., A. Lux, and E. Masarovičová. "Effect of growth regulators on rooting cuttings of Karwinskia species under in vivo conditions." Plant, Soil and Environment 48, No. 10 (December 22, 2011): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4397-pse.

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Effect of the growth regulators Atonik, Rastim 30 DKV, Stimulator AS 1, and Stimulax III on rooting of half-woody shoots of the species Karwinskia humboldtiana (Roem et Schut) Zucc. and Karwinskia parvifolia Rose was studied. Rooting does not occur without stimulation in these species, after stimulation rhizogenesis takes 14 to 16 weeks. Growth regulators, with the exception of the preparation Atonik, showed a significantly stimulating effect on rhizogenesis, and effect of them declined in the order Stimulax III, Stimulator AS, and Rastim 30 DKV. The percentage of rooting in the species Karwinskia humboldtiana was higher than that in Karwinskia parvifolia and this was dependent on the age of the plants, the type of stimulator, cutting, substrate, and conditions of cultivation.
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Zernii, Evgeni Yu, Aliya A. Nazipova, Olga S. Gancharova, Alexey S. Kazakov, Marina V. Serebryakova, Dmitry V. Zinchenko, Natalya K. Tikhomirova, et al. "Light-induced disulfide dimerization of recoverin under ex vivo and in vivo conditions." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 83 (June 2015): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.001.

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Gal, D. "Hunt For Singlet Oxygen Under in Vivo Conditions." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 202, no. 1 (July 1994): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1994.1886.

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Piesiak-Pańczyszyn, Dagmara, and Urszula Kaczmarek. "Fluoride release from fluoride varnish under in vitro and in vivo conditions." Dental and Medical Problems 54, no. 4 (December 29, 2017): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17219/dmp/78887.

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Oliynyk, O., and M. Melnychuk. "State photosynthetic apparatus of rose essential oil after adaptation to conditions in vivo." Biolohichni systemy 9, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/biosystems2017.02.187.

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Titenkov, A. V., M. N. Lushpin, T. N. Lushpina, N. V. Kotsareva, and A. N. Kryukov. "Adaptation of microclones of blackberries to in vivo conditions." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 845, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/845/1/012022.

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Abstract The results of studying the effect of mineral fertilizing on rhizogenesis and the development of aboveground organs of regenerant plants of blackberry thornless adaptable to in vivo conditions in the laboratory of selection, vegetable growing and horticulture, cloning “UNITS” Agrotechnopark “of Belgorod State Agrarian University are presented. Regenerated plants of thornless blackberry cultivar Agavam were adapted to in vivo conditions in a peat-perlite mixture with the addition of microelements and growth regulator root 16 days earlier than in the control. An active growth of the aboveground part and roots of regenerated plants of thornless blackberry was noted on the 21st day, in the control - on the 42nd day after the start of adaptation. By the end of the rooting stage on the 24th day, the regenerant plants formed an aerial part of two pairs of leaves 22 mm high and a developed root system - 37 mm. The mineral and hormonal composition of nutrient media for the cultivation of thornless blackberries has been optimized, an effective combination of physical and chemical factors at different stages of micropropagation has been determined, which enhance the proliferation of shoots and roots, and the dependence of the efficiency of adaptation of regenerated plants to in vivo conditions has been established. Along with traditional breeding methods, new opportunities for solving the problem of thorn-free blackberry varieties are provided, along with traditional breeding methods, which make it possible to accelerate the process of obtaining valuable planting material to provide the population and the processing industry with valuable berry products.
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Ran, Shujun, Shensheng Gu, Jia Wang, Cailian Zhu, and Jingping Liang. "Dentin tubule invasion byEnterococcus faecalisunder stress conditions ex vivo." European Journal of Oral Sciences 123, no. 5 (August 21, 2015): 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eos.12202.

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Zhu, Chaoyong, Jacob Odeberg, Anders Hamsten, and Per Eriksson. "Allele-specific MMP-3 transcription under in vivo conditions." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 348, no. 3 (September 2006): 1150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.174.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vivo conditions"

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Haque, Sameena. "In Vivo Imaging of Corneal Conditions using Optical Coherence Tomography." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2976.

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Purposes: To use optical coherence tomography (OCT) to image and quantify the effect of various corneal conditions, in terms of corneal, stromal and epithelial thickness, and light backscatter. To assess the changes caused by overnight orthokeratology (Corneal Refractive Therapy; CRTTM) lens wear, keratoconus and laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) refractive surgery, each of which may lead to topographical alterations in corneal thickness either by temporary moulding, degeneration, or permanent laser ablation, respectively.

Methods: Topographical thickness of the cornea was measured using OCT in all studies. The CRTTM studies investigated myopic and hyperopic treatment, throughout the day. The myopic studies followed lens wear over a 4 week period, which was extended to 12 months, and investigated the thickness changes produced by two lenses of different oxygen transmissibility. CRTTM for hyperopia (CRTHTM) was evaluated after a single night of lens wear.

In the investigation of keratoconus, OCT corneal thickness values were compared to those obtained from Orbscan II (ORB) and ultrasound pachymetry (UP). A new fixation device was constructed to aid in the measurement of topographical corneal and epithelial thickness along 8 directions of gaze. Pachymetry maps were produced for the normal non-lens wearing cornea, and compared with the rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens wearing cornea and the keratoconic cornea.

Thickness changes prior to, and following LASIK were measured and monitored throughout six months. Myopic and hyperopic correction was investigated individually, as the laser ablation profiles differ for each type of procedure. The LASIK flap interface was also evaluated by using light backscatter data to monitor healing.

Results: Following immediate lens removal after myopic CRTTM, the central cornea swelled less than the periphery, with corneal swelling recovering to baseline levels within 3 hours. The central epithelium decreased and mid-peripheral epithelium increased in thickness, with a more gradual recovery throughout the day. There also seemed to be an adaptation effect on the cornea and epithelium, showing a reduced amount of change by the end of the 4 week study period. The thickness changes did not alter dramatically during the 12 month extended study. In comparing the two lens materials used for myopic CRTTM (Dk/t 91 vs. 47), there were differences in stromal swelling, but no differences in the central epithelial thinning caused by lens wear. There was a statistically insignificant asymmetry in mid-peripheral epithelial thickening between eyes, with the lens of lower Dk causing the greater amount of thickening. Hyperopic CRTTM produced a greater increase in central stromal and central epithelial thickness than the mid-periphery. Once again, the stroma recovered faster than the epithelium, which remained significantly thicker centrally for at least six hours following lens removal.

Global pachymetry measurements of the normal cornea and epithelium found the periphery to be thicker than the centre. The superior cornea and epithelium was thicker than the inferior. In the measurement of the keratoconic cornea, OCT and ORB correlated well in corneal thickness values. UP measured greater values of corneal thickness. The keratoconic epithelium was thinner than normal, and more so over the apex of the cone than at the centre. The location of the cone was most commonly found in the inferior temporal region. Central epithelial thickness was thinner in keratoconics than in RGP lens wearers, which in turn was thinner than in non-lens wearers.

Following LASIK surgery for both myopia and hyperopia, the topographical OCT thickness profiles showed stromal thinning in the areas of ablation. The central myopic cornea showed slight regression at 6 months. During early recovery, epithelial thickness increased centrally in hyperopes and mid-peripherally in myopes. By the end of the 6 month study, mid-peripheral epithelial thickness was greater than the centre in both groups of subjects. The light backscatter profiles after LASIK showed a greater increase in backscatter on the anterior side of the flap interface (nearer the epithelium), than the posterior side (in the mid-stroma) during healing. The flap interface was difficult to locate in the OCT images at 6 months.

Conclusion: All the CRTTM lenses used in this project produced more corneal swelling than that seen normally overnight without lens wear. In order for these lenses to be worn safely for long periods of time without affecting the health of the cornea, they need to be manufactured from the highest oxygen transmissible material available. The long-term effect of thinning on the epithelium's barrier properties needs to be monitored closely.

Global topographical thickness of the cornea and epithelium was measured using OCT in normal, RGP lens wearing and keratoconic eyes. Corneal and epithelial thickness was not symmetrical across meridians. The epithelium of RGP lens wearers was slightly thinner than normal, but not as thin as in keratoconics, suggesting that the epithelial change seen in keratoconus is mainly due to the condition.

Post-LASIK corneal and epithelial thickness profiles were not the same for myopic and hyperopic subjects, since the ablation patterns vary. Epithelial thickening in the mid-periphery had not recovered by six months in myopes or hyperopes, possibly indicating epithelial hyperplasia. Light backscatter profiles were used to monitor the recovery of the LASIK flap interface, showing the band of light backscatter around the flap interface to decrease as the cornea healed.
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Persson, Eva. "Drug Dissolution under Physiologically Relevant Conditions In Vitro and In Vivo." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7195.

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Carruthers, Michael D. "Transcriptional analysis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during in vivo mimicking conditions." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3389094.

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Wei, Hongjiang. "In vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for the human heart under free-breathing conditions." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0127/document.

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L'orientation des fibres myocardiaque est à la base du comportement électro-mécanique du cœur, et connue pour être altérée dans diverses maladies cardiaques telles que la cardiopathie ischémique et l'hypertrophie ventriculaire. Cette thèse porte principalement sur l'imagerie in vivo du tenseur de diffusion (diffusion tensor imaging—DTI) en vue d’obtenir la structure des fibres myocardiques du cœur humain dans des conditions de respiration libre. L'utilisation de DTI pour l'étude du cœur humain in vivo est un grand défi en raison du mouvement cardiaque. En particulier, l’acquisition DTI avec respiration libre sans recourir au gating respiratoire est très difficile à cause des mouvements à a fois respiratoire et cardiaque. Pour aborder ce problème, nous proposons de nouvelles approches consistant à combiner des acquisitions à retards de déclenchement multiples (trigger delay—TD) et des méthodes de post-traitement. D’abord, nous réalisons des acquisitions avec multiples TD décalés en fin de diastole. Ensuite, nous développons deux méthodes de post-traitement. La première méthode s’attaque au problème d’effets de mouvement physiologique sur DTI cardiaque in vivo en utilisant les techniques de recalage et de PCATMIP (Principal Components Analysis filtering and Temporal Maximum Intensity Projection). La deuxième méthode traite le problème de mouvement par l’utilisation d’un algorithme de fusion d’images basé sur l’ondelette (wavelet-based image fusion-WIF) et d’une technique de débruitage PCA (Principal Components Analysis). Enfin, une comparaison des mesures DTI entre la méthode PCATMIP et la méthode WIF est réalisée ; les champs de tenseurs sont calculés, à partir desquels les propriétés de l’architecture des fibres in vivo sont comparées. Les résultats montrent qu’en utilisant les approches proposées, il est possible d’étudier l’impact du mouvement cardiaque sur les paramètres de tenseur de diffusion, et d’explorer les relations sous-jacentes entre les propriétés de tenseur de diffusion mesurées et le mouvement cardiaque. Nous trouvons aussi que la combinaison des acqusiitions avec des TD multiples décalés and des post-traitements d’images peut compenser les effets de mouvement physiologique, ce qui permet d’obtenir l’architecture 3D du cœur humain dans des conditions de respiration libre. Les résultats suggèrent de nouvelles solutions au problème de perte du signal due au mouvement, qui sont prometteuses pour obtenir les propriétés de l’architecture des fibres myocardiques du cœur humain in vivo, dans des conditions cliniques
The orientation of cardiac fibers underlies the electro-mechanical behavior of the heart, and it is known to be altered in various cardiac diseases such as ischemic heart disease and ventricular hypertrophy. This thesis mainly focuses on in vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to obtain the myocardial fiber structure of the human heart under free-breathing conditions. The use of DTI for studying the human heart in vivo is challenging due to cardiac motion. In particular, free-breathing DTI acquisition without resorting to respiratory gating is very difficult due to both respiratory and cardiac motion. To deal with this problem, we propose novel approaches that combine multiple shifted trigger delay (TD) acquisitions and post-processing methods. First, we perform multiple shifted TD acquisitions at end diastole. Then, we focus on two different post-processing methods. The first method addresses physiological motion effects on in vivo cardiac DTI using image co-registration and PCATMIP (Principal Components Analysis filtering and Temporal Maximum Intensity Projection). The second method is a wavelet-based image fusion (WIF) algorithm combined with a PCA noise removing method. Finally, a comparison of DTI measurements between the PCATMIP and WIF methods is also performed; tensor fields are calculated, from which the in vivo fiber architecture properties are compared. The results show that using the proposed approaches, we are able to study the cardiac motion effects on diffusion tensor parameters, and investigate the underlying relationship between the measured diffusion tensor properties and the cardiac motion. We also find that the combination of multiple shifted TD acquisitions and dedicated image post-processing can compensate for physiological motion effects, which allows us to obtain 3D fiber architectures of the human heart under free-breathing conditions. The findings suggest new solutions to signal loss problems associated with bulk motion, which are promising for obtaining in vivo human myocardial fiber architecture properties in clinical conditions
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Rovery, Clarisse. "Etude de la transcription de Rickettsia conorii dans différentes conditions in vitro et in vivo." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20668.

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Rickettsia conorii, l’agent causal de la fièvre boutonneuse méditerranéenne, est transmis aux humains par la morsure de Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Le séquençage du génome de ces bactéries intracellulaires strictes a permis de mieux comprendre leur phylogénie et de développer des approches post-génomiques (transcriptomique, protéomique). Le but de cette thèse était de mieux comprendre la pathogénicité de ces microorganismes en étudiant le transcriptome de R. Conorii dans différentes conditions. Nous avons pu montrer en reproduisant in vitro des conditions de stress de la bactérie que la transcription des gènes spoT ainsi que l’expression de rOmpA, une protéine majeure de surface variaient en fonction de ces conditions. Nous avons pu ensuite valider une méthode d’analyse globale du transcriptome de R. Conorii en utilisant une ‘mini-puce à ADN’. L’utilisation d’une puce à ADN correspondant à la totalité du génome nous a permis pour la première fois d’étudier la transcription de l’ensemble des gènes de R. Conorii in vivo dans des escarres prélevées chez des patients présentant une fièvre boutonneuse méditerranéenne. Nos résultats ont montré que R. Conorii avait un profil transcriptionnel remarquablement conservé quels que soit les patients atteints, et quel que soit le génotype en cause. Etant donné que l’escarre est le site d’introduction des rickettsies, l’analyse du profil transcriptionnel observé dans cette étude illustre en partie la façon dont les rickettsies contre-attaquent le système de défense de l’hôte. Globalement, nous pensons que ces résultats contribuent à une meilleure connaissance des capacités d’adaptation et de la pathogénicité de R. Conorii.
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Mittag, Manuel [Verfasser]. "Functional in vivo calcium imaging in the hippocampus under healthy and disease conditions / Manuel Mittag." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1208937480/34.

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Pirot, Nelly. "Conséquences in vivo de l'absence de Lyl sur la fonction endothéliale en conditions physiologique et pathologique." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20100.

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Le facteur de transcription bHLH LYL, apparenté à TAL-1, est exprimé dans les systèmes hématopoïétique et cardiovasculaire embryonnaires. La souris déficiente en Lyl (Lyl-/-) est viable mais présente un nombre réduit de lymphocytes B et une altération de l'autorenouvellement à long terme des cellules souches hématopoïétiques. Jusqu'à présent, rien n'était connu sur le rôle de LYL dans les cellules endothéliales. Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse montrent que Lyl est exprimé aussi bien dans l'endothélium angiogénique que quiescent. Son absence amplifie l'angiogenèse observée dans des tumeurs syngéniques ou dans des plugs de matrigel. Les vaisseaux tumoraux sanguins sont plus larges, plus perméants et plus immatures. Ce phénotype des néovaisseaux est associé à un maintien de l'expression de Tal-1 et une augmentation de l'expression d'Ang-2 et de la VE-cadhérine. In vitro, l'invalidation de LYL dans des HUVEC conduit à une diminution de l'expression de gènes impliqués dans la régulation des jonctions adhérentes et dans la liaison à la matrice extracellulaire. Ces données démontrent que Lyl joue un rôle dans l'initiation et le maintien de la stabilisation des vaisseaux sanguins. De plus, l'étude de la vasculature pulmonaire a montré la présence d'infiltrats inflammatoires dans les poumons des souris Lyl-/-, associés à une perméabilité accrue de l'endothélium. Lyl participerait donc également à la régulation de l'intégrité de la barrière vasculaire pulmonaire. Ce travail démontre pour la première fois l'importance de Lyl dans la cellule endothéliale et ouvre de nouvelles voies d'exploration sur la régulation de l'angiogenèse et le contrôle de la perméabilité vasculaire
The transcriptional factor LYL, belonging to the bHLH family, is expressed in developing hematopoietic and vascular systems. Lyl-deficient mice are viable and display a reduced number of mature B cells and a diminution in the frequency of immature progenitors. Up to now, nothing was known concerning the role of LYL in endothelial cell. The results presented in this thesis demonstrated that Lyl is expressed both in angiogenic and quiescent endothelium. In vivo, deletion of Lyl increases angiogenesis processes observed in syngenic tumors and in matrigel plugs subcutaneously implanted in mice. Tumor blood vessels from Lyl-deficient mice are larger, leakier and more immature. This phenotype of newly formed vessels is associated with a sustained expression of Tal-1 and an increased expression of Ang-2 and VE-cadherin. In vitro, LYL invalidation by siRNA in HUVEC induces the reduction of the expression of genes regulating the formation of adherens junctions and the binding to extracellular matrix. All together, these results demonstrate that Lyl is involved in the initiation and the maintenance of blood vessels stabilization and maturation. Furthermore, the study of the vascularized organs in adult mice showed the presence, in the lungs of Lyl-deficient mice, of cellular infiltrates composed of inflammatory cells and associated with an increased permeability of the endothelium. Therefore, Lyl might also be involved in the maintenance of endothelial barrier in the lung. This work establishes for the first time the importance of Lyl in the endothelial cell physiology and opens news ways to study the regulation of angiogenesis and the control of vascular permeability
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Rodriguez, Alejandro. "Studies of Stroma Formation and Regulation in Human Pathological Conditions and in Experimental in vivo Models." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-120688.

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Fibrosis is a sequel of chronic inflammation and is defined as an excessive deposition of collagen that ultimately leads to organ dysfunction. To date there are no effective treatments for fibrosis. The main cell type involved in collagen deposition and organization is the myofibroblast. In the first study we examined how myofibroblasts differentiate in human fibrotic conditions and in experimental animal models. Human tissues were stained with antibodies that recognize integrin receptors and in addition we also stained for α-SMA, a myofibroblast marker. We found a co-localization between these two markers in stromal cells and hypothesized that integrin α1 is important for the acquisition of the myofibroblast phenotype. To tests this hypothesis we used knockout animals for this integrin subunit. These animals showed a reduction of α-SMA positive fibroblasts, indicating that the α1 integrin subunit is required for proper myofibroblast differentiation. In the second study we used a neuroblastoma tumor model to study tumour growth when a drug targeting the synthesis of cellular NAD was administered. In treated animals an expansion of the nonvascular stroma was observed compared to controls. Normalization of the vasculature was observed in treated tumors together with a decrease in hypoxia. Moreover, this was followed by a decrease in stromal PDGF-B and VEGF expression, suggesting a deactivation of the stroma. In the third study the effects of over-expression of the two pro-fibrotic growth factors TGF-β and PDGF-B in skin was evaluated. We observed that both growth factors induced fibrosis. Over time, a decrease in blood vessel density was observed in both treatment groups. Both factors also stimulated an expansion of the connective tissue cell population originating from the microvascular pericyte, but the phenotype of these cells differed in the different treatments with regards to expression of markers. Furthermore, in tissue over-expressing PDGF-B but not TGF-β, the fibrotic process was partially reversible.
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Hoon, QiCai Jason. "Fracture biomechanics of screw-hole defects under various loading conditions – An ex-vivo feline femoral model." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26243.

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Objective: Feline cortical bone has anecdotally been described to be brittle, tending to fissure and shatter readily under load. Evidence for appropriate screw size selection in feline patients appears limited with current guidelines of 25-33% bone diameter being extrapolations from other species. The study aims to evaluate the biomechanical properties of feline femora with screw-hole defects of increasing diameter, subjected to three-point bending and torsion to failure at two different loading rates. Study design: Eighty femoral pairs were harvested from adult cat cadavers. For each bending and torsional experiment, there were five groups (n=8 pairs) of increasing screw-hole defects (Intact, 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.4mm and 2.7mm). Mid-diaphyseal bicortical defects were created with an appropriate pilot drill-hole and tapped accordingly. Left and right femora of each pair were randomly assigned to a destructive loading protocol at low (10mm/min; 0.5˚/s) or high rates (3000mm/min; 90˚/s) respectively. Stiffness, load/torque-to-failure, energy-to-failure, and fracture morphology were recorded. Results: No significant differences in stiffness and load/torque-to-failure were noted with increasing deficit sizes in all loading conditions. Screw-hole defects up to 33% bone diameter had a maximum of 20% reduction in bending and torsional strength compared to intact bone at both loading rates. Higher loading rates showed significantly increased stiffness and load/torque-to-failure in bending and torsion compared to low loading rates (p<0.001). Conclusion: 2.7mm screw-hole defects did not significantly reduce feline bone failure properties in this ex vivo femoral study. These findings support current screw-size selection guidelines of up to 33% bone diameter as appropriate for use in feline fracture osteosynthesis.
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Hristovska, Ines. "Dynamique microgliale en conditions physiologiques : un mécanisme contrôlé par les états de vigilance et l’activité neuronale." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m60c4v3q.

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Les microglies, cellules immunitaires résidentes du système nerveux central (SNC), étaient traditionnellement décrites comme ayant un rôle uniquement lors de blessures ou de maladies du SNC. De manière frappante, dans le cerveau sain, les microglies effectuent une surveillance active du parenchyme en étendant et en rétractant leurs prolongements ramifiés. Ce mouvement est connu sous le nom de motilité microgliale et peut être dirigé vers les synapses. La régulation de ces mouvements et le but des contacts microglie-épines dendritiques restent inconnus. Nous avons examiné l'influence de l'activité neuronale sur la motilité et la morphologie microgliale ainsi que sur les interactions microglies-épines pendant l’éveil et le sommeil. Nous avons observé que les propriétés morpho-dynamiques des microglies sont modulées par les états de vigilance. Les prolongements microgliaux sont attirés par les synapses actives, particulièrement lors de l’éveil, alors que le sommeil régule négativement la proximité des prolongements microgliaux ainsi que les contacts dépendant de l’activité qui lient les prolongements microgliaux aux épines. Le contact des épines avec les prolongements microgliaux entraîne une augmentation de l’activité des épines, principalement observée pendant le sommeil lent. Pour conclure, ces résultats montrent un contrôle complexe de la morpho-dynamique microgliale par l’activité et les états de vigilance. Appréhender les mécanismes régulant la dynamique microgliale et les interactions microglie-épines dendritiques pendant les états de vigilance permettra de mieux comprendre comment les cellules microgliales sont impliquées dans la régulation de l'homéostasie synaptique, l'apprentissage et de la mémoire, des fonctions associées au sommeil. La compréhension des interactions microglies-neurones dans des conditions physiologiques est cruciale pour élucider le fonctionnement synaptique et ses altérations lorsque la microglie est impliquée dans ses fonctions immunes, une caractéristique commune à la plupart des pathologies cérébrales
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), were traditionally believed to be set into action only by injury or diseases. Strikingly, in the healthy brain, microglia actively carry out parenchyma patrolling by extending and retracting their ramified processes. These movements are referred to as microglial motility and may be to some extent directed toward synapses. However, motility regulation and the purpose of microglia-spine contacts remain elusive. We thus examined the influence of neuronal activity on microglial motility, morphology and microglia-spine interactions during sleep and wakefulness. We found that microglial motility and morphology are modulated by vigilance states. Microglial processes were found to be attracted by active synapses particularly during wake, whereas sleep downregulates microglial proximity and activity-dependent contact with spines. Microglial contact resulted in increased spine activity which was mainly observed during sleep. Understanding the mechanisms regulating microglial dynamics and microglia-spine interactions across the vigilance states will provide further insights into how microglial cells may be involved in sleep- associated functions such as synaptic homeostasis, learning and memory. Grasping these cellular interactions in physiological conditions is crucial to understand synaptic functioning and alterations when microglia are engaged into their immune functions, a hallmark of most brain pathologies
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Books on the topic "Vivo conditions"

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Ayala, S. Héctor Rosales. Tepito, barrio vivo? Cuernavaca, Mor: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Multidisciplinarias, 1991.

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Linhares, Temístocles. Paraná vivo: Sua vida, sua gente, sua cultura. 2nd ed. Rio de Janeiro: J.O. Editora em convênio com o Instituto Nacional do Livro, Fundação Nacional Pró-Memória, 1985.

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Omar, Urán, Valencia Patricia, and Medina Gilberto, eds. Medellín en vivo: La historia del rock. Medellín: República de Colombia, Ministerio de Educación, 1997.

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Baronio, Alfredo Mario. Río Cuarto vivo: Un perfil económico y social de Río Cuarto y región. Río Cuarto: Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, 1995.

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Vivo altrove: Giovani e senza radici : gli emigranti italiani di oggi. [Milan, Italy]: B. Mondadori, 2010.

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Non chiedermi da dove vengo, ma come vivo: Treviso, le seconde generazioni di immigrati si raccontano. Treviso: ISTRESCO, 2009.

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Monteiro, Thiago Nunes. Como pode um povo vivo viver nesta carestia: O Movimento do Custo de Vida em São Paulo (1973-1982). São Paulo, SP, Brasil: Humanitas, 2017.

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Zavoli, Sergio. Viva l'Itaglia. Milano: A. Mondadori, 1995.

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Vive Montréal libre! [Montréal]: Editions du Boréal, 1993.

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Ledo, Andrés J. Precedo. Vigo, área metropolitana. [Santiago de Compostela]: Fundación Caixa Galicia, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Vivo conditions"

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Mayevsky, Avraham. "Responses of NADH to Physiological and Pathophysiological Conditions." In Mitochondrial Function In Vivo Evaluated by NADH Fluorescence, 111–204. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16682-7_7.

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Wenk, Jonathan F., Choon-Sik Jhun, Zhihong Zhang, Kay Sun, Mike Burger, Dan Einstein, Mark Ratcliffe, and Julius M. Guccione. "In Vivo Left Ventricular Geometry and Boundary Conditions." In Computational Cardiovascular Mechanics, 3–21. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0730-1_1.

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van Panhuys, Nicholas. "Studying Dendritic Cell-T Cell Interactions Under In Vivo Conditions." In The Immune Synapse, 569–83. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6881-7_36.

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Welzel, Julia, Raphaela Kästle, and Elke Sattler. "Ex Vivo Confocal Microscopy in the Diagnosis of Skin Conditions." In Agache’s Measuring the Skin, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26594-0_39-1.

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Ohno, Nobuhiko, Nobuo Terada, and Shinichi Ohno. "Histochemical Analyses of Living Mouse Liver Under Different Hemodynamic Conditions." In In Vivo Cryotechnique in Biomedical Research and Application for Bioimaging of Living Animal Organs, 19–23. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55723-4_5.

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Biddle, William C., Barbara M. Dadey, Michelle G. Wysocki, and John P. Daley. "Ex Vivo Expansion of Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells under Serum-Free Conditions." In Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects, 25–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5746-9_5.

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Franz, Thomas, Michael Hamman de Vaal, James Neville, Jacques Scherman, Micah Litow, and Peter Zilla. "Errata to: In Vivo Mechanical Loading Conditions of Pectorally Implanted Cardiac Pacemakers." In Cardiovascular and Cardiac Therapeutic Devices, 239. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/8415_2013_167.

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Boevink, Petra, Hazel McLellan, Tatyana Bukharova, Stefan Engelhardt, and Paul Birch. "In Vivo Protein–Protein Interaction Studies with BiFC: Conditions, Cautions, and Caveats." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 81–90. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-986-4_6.

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Ohno, Shinichi, Nobuo Terada, and Yasuhisa Fujii. "Dynamic Ultrastructure of Pulmonary Alveoli of Living Mice Under Respiratory Conditions." In In Vivo Cryotechnique in Biomedical Research and Application for Bioimaging of Living Animal Organs, 83–86. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55723-4_16.

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Gomes, Luciana C., Rita Teixeira-Santos, Maria J. Romeu, and Filipe J. Mergulhão. "Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation: Hydrodynamics Effects." In Urinary Stents, 225–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04484-7_19.

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AbstractThe effectiveness of biomedical surfaces may be highly affected by the hydrodynamic condition. Surfaces releasing antimicrobial substances when exposed to flow may exhibit shorter lifetimes than at static conditions. Likewise, depending on the fluid flow surrounding the surface, contact-killing surfaces that are adhesive for bacterial cells may be covered by bacterial debris, which decreases their antimicrobial activity. To evaluate the anti-adhesive and antimicrobial performance of novel biomedical materials, a number of flow devices have been designed to recreate in vivo flow conditions. Shear stress and flow rate can be accurately controlled and varied in these in vitro flow systems, which requires prior knowledge of the flow dynamics inside the platform. After limiting their operational range, modified Robbins devices, flow chambers and microfluidic devices are suggested as experimental setups to mimic the flow behavior in urinary catheters and stents.
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Conference papers on the topic "Vivo conditions"

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Zwick, H., B. E. Stuck, W. R. Elliott, D. J. Lund, S. T. Schuschereba, and G. Li. "An Animal Model for In-Vivo Characterization of Laser Induced Retinal cellular Pathology and Recovery Processes." In In Vivo optical Imaging at the NIH. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ivoi.1999.msi31.

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In the high numerical aperture eye of the snake, the photoreceptor matrix can be imaged in vivo under anesthetized conditions, providing a unique capability to image acute photic damage effects on photoreceptor and anterior retinal blood cell dynamics in response to retinal laser injury. New insights into photic damage and neural repair mechanisms become available from such in vivo cellular observations.
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Lee, Wei-Ning, Jean Provost, Kana Fujikura, Jie Wang, and Elisa E. Konofagou. "In vivo validation of Myocardial Elastography under graded ischemia conditions." In 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2010.5490150.

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Valdez-Jasso, D., D. Bia, M. A. Haider, Y. Zócalo, R. L. Armentano, and M. S. Olufsen. "Linear and nonlinear viscoelastic modeling of ovine aortic biomechanical properties under in vivo and ex vivo conditions." In 2010 32nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2010.5626563.

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Gugdin Dickson, Eva. "Detection of abnormal skin conditions by the use of in vivo fluorescence." In Opto-Canada: SPIE Regional Meeting on Optoelectronics, Photonics, and Imaging, edited by John C. Armitage. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2283896.

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Rolfe, Peter J. "Optical examination of cell culture in bioreactors creating simulated in vivo conditions." In Photonics Asia 2004, edited by Britton Chance, Mingzhe Chen, Arthur E. T. Chiou, and Qingming Luo. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.606170.

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Kostyunina, D., K. D. Rochfort, P. M. Cummins, and P. McLoughlin. "The Hypoxic Response of Shear Aligned Endothelial Cells: Approaching In Vivo Conditions." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a3879.

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Schlothauer, Jan, Beate Röder, Steffen Hackbarth, and Jürgen Lademann. "In vivo detection of time-resolved singlet oxygen luminescence under PDT relevant conditions." In BiOS, edited by David H. Kessel. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.839851.

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Kolli, Kranthi K., Anup K. Paul, Lloyd H. Back, and Rupak K. Banerjee. "Optimization of Balloon Obstruction for Simulating Equivalent Pressure Drop in In-Vivo Conditions." In ASME 2013 Conference on Frontiers in Medical Devices: Applications of Computer Modeling and Simulation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fmd2013-16141.

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The study of hemodynamics in an animal model associated with coronary stenosis has been limited due to the lack of a safe, accurate, and reliable technique for creating an artificial stenosis. Creating artificial stenosis using occluders in an open-chest procedure has often caused myocardial infarction (MI) or severe injury to the vessel resulting in high failure rates. To minimize these issues, closed-chest procedures with internal balloon obstruction were often used to create artificial stenosis. However, it should be noted that the hemodynamics in a blood vessel with internal balloon obstruction as opposed to physiological stenosis hasn’t been compared. Hence, the aim of this research is to computationally evaluate the pressure drop in balloon obstruction and compare with that in physiological stenosis. It was observed that the flow characteristics in balloon obstruction are more viscous dominated, whereas it is momentum dominated in physiological stenosis. Balloon radius was iteratively varied to get a pressure drop equivalent to that of physiological stenosis at mean hyperemic flow rates. A linear relation was obtained to predict equivalent balloon obstruction for physiological stenosis.
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Owen, John R., and Jennifer S. Wayne. "Influence of Loading Conditions and the Superficial Tangential Zone in Contact Models of Articular Surfaces." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206143.

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Engineering tissue to repair articular surface defects remains a challenge. Normal zonal characteristics of articular cartilage throughout its thickness, particularly the superficial tangential zone (STZ), and normal material properties have not been reproduced in vitro in scaffolds nor in vivo in repairing defects. Without sufficient quality, such transplanted scaffolds in vivo may be doomed mechanically from the outset. The importance of the STZ in normal function [1–3] and deficient behavior of repair tissue [4–5] is well documented in the literature. Studies have modeled higher tensile properties in the STZ via transverse isotropy [6–9] or tension-compression nonlinearity [10] to better predict experimental results. Models incorporating an STZ with strain-dependent permeability [11–13] have indicated protection of underlying repairs. Permeable and impermeable rigid contact models [12] have been thought to bracket in vivo conditions. Recent efforts have been to create more complex models to better represent in vivo conditions [13]. This finite element study compares permeable and impermeable rigid contact models with a more realistic model to determine if the added complexity is warranted.
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Li, Ronny X., Jianwen Luo, Sandhya K. Balaram, Farooq A. Chaudhry, John C. Lantis, Danial Shahmirzadi, and Elisa E. Konofagou. "In-vivo pulse wave imaging for arterial stiffness measurement under normal and pathological conditions." In 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6090105.

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Reports on the topic "Vivo conditions"

1

Barash, Itamar, and Robert Rhoads. Translational Mechanisms Governing Milk Protein Levels and Composition. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7696526.bard.

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Original objectives: The long-term goal of the research is to achieve higher protein content in the milk of ruminants by modulating the translational apparatus of the mammary gland genetically, nutritionally, or pharmacologically. The short-term objectives are to obtain a better understanding of 1) the role of amino acids (AA) as regulators of translation in bovine and mouse mammary epithelial cells and 2) the mechanism responsible for the synergistic enhancement of milk-protein mRNA polyadenylation by insulin and prolactin. Background of the topic: In many cell types and tissues, individual AA affect a signaling pathway which parallels the insulin pathway to modulate rates and levels of protein synthesis. Diverse nutritional and hormonal conditions are funneled to mTOR, a multidomain serine/threonine kinase that regulates a number of components in the initiation and elongation stages of translation. The mechanism by which AA signal mTOR is largely unknown. During the current grant period, we have studied the effect of essential AA on mechanisms involved in protein synthesis in differentiated mammary epithelial cells cultured under lactogenic conditions. We also studied lactogenic hormone regulation of milk protein synthesis in differentiated mammary epithelial cells. In the first BARD grant (2000-03), we discovered a novel mechanism for mRNA-specific hormone-regulated translation, namely, that the combination of insulin plus prolactin causes cytoplasmic polyadenylation of milk protein mRNAs, which leads to their efficient translation. In the current BARD grant, we have pursued the signaling pathways of this novel hormone action. Major conclusions/solutions/achievements: The positive and negative signaling from AA to the mTOR pathway, combined with modulation of insulin sensitization, mediates the synthesis rates of total and specific milk proteins in mammary epithelial cells. The current in vitro study revealed cryptic negative effects of Lys, His, and Thr on cellular mechanisms regulating translation initiation and protein synthesis in mammary epithelial cells that could not be detected by conventional in vivo analyses. We also showed that a signaling pathway involving Jak2 and Stat5, previously shown to lead from the prolactin receptor to transcription of milk protein genes, is also used for cytoplasmic polyadenylation of milk protein mRNAs, thereby stabilizing these mRNAs and activating them for translation. Implications: In vivo, plasma AA levels are affected by nutritional and hormonal effects as well as by conditions of exercise and stress. The amplitude in plasma AA levels resembles that applied in the current in vitro study. Thus, by changing plasma AA levels in the epithelial cell microenvironment or by sensitizing the mTOR pathway to their presence, it should be possible to modulate the rate of milk protein synthesis. Furthermore, knowledge that phosphorylation of Stat5 is required for enhanced milk protein synthesis in response to lactogenic opens the possibility for pharmacologic approaches to increase the phosphorylation of Stat5 and, thereby, milk protein production.
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Li, Jiaqi, PWH Kwong, MYL Chan, and M. Kawabata. Comparison of in vivo intradiscal pressure between sitting and standing in human lumbar spine: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0043.

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Review question / Objective: The primary objective of this systematic review is to compare the differences in vivo IDP between sitting and standing postures. The secondary objective of this review is to compare effect size estimates between 1) dated and more recent studies and 2) healthy and degenerated intervertebral discs. Condition being studied: Healthy adults, patients with low back pain. Eligibility criteria: Studies were included in the review if they 1) involved in vivo IDP measurement in both sitting and standing postures, 2) involved measurements with intervertebral body replacement and 3) included spinal loading data of healthy adults. Studies were excluded if they 1) investigated in vitro measurement of IDP, 2) did not report the central tendency and/or variability of the outcome of interest and 3) were letters to the editor, case studies, case series or review articles. For the relevant papers that did not provide sufficient data, we contacted the corresponding author to acquire the data.
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Yogev, David, Ricardo Rosenbusch, Sharon Levisohn, and Eitan Rapoport. Molecular Pathogenesis of Mycoplasma bovis and Mycoplasma agalactiae and its Application in Diagnosis and Control. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573073.bard.

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Mycoplasma bovis and M. agalactiae are two phylogenetically related mycoplasmas which cause economically significant diseases in their respective bovine or small ruminant hosts. These organisms cause persistent asymptomatic infections that can result in severe outbreaks upon introduction of carrier animals into susceptible herds. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying mycoplasma-host interaction, variation in virulence, or of the factors enabling avoidance of the host immune system. In recent years it has become apparent that the ability of pathogenic microorganisms to rapidly alter surface antigenic structures and to fine tune their antigenicity, a phenomena called antigenic variation, is one of the most effective strategies used to escape immune destruction and to establish chronic infections. Our discovery of a novel genetic system, mediating antigenic variation in M. bovis (vsp) as well as in M. agalactiae (avg) served as a starting point for our proposal which included the following objectives: (i) Molecular and functional characterization of the variable surface lipoproteins (Vsp) system of M. bovis and comparison with the Vsp-counterpart in M. agalactiae (ii) Determination of the role of Vsp proteins in the survival of M. bovis when confronted by host defense factors, (iii) Assessment of Vsp-based genetic and antigenic typing of M. bovis and M. agalactiae for epidemiology of infection and (iv) Improvement of diagnostic tests for M. bovis and M. agalactiae based on the vsp-and vsp-analogous systems. We have carried out an extensive molecular characterization of the vsp system and unravelled the precise molecular mechanism responsible for the generation of surface antigenic variation in M. bovis. Our data clearly demonstrated that the two pathogenic mycoplasma species possess large gene families encoding variable lipoprotein antigens that apparently play an important role in immune evasion and in pathogen-host interaction during infection. Phase variable production of these antigens was found to be mediated by a novel molecular mechanism utilizing double site-specific DNA inversions via an intermediate vsp configuration. Studies in model systems indicate that phase variation of VspA is relevant in interaction between M. bovis and macrophages or monocytes, a crucial stage in pathogenesis. Using an ELISA test with captured VspA as an antigen, phase variation was shown to occur in vivo and under field conditions. Genomic rearrangements in the avg gene family of M. agalactiae were shown to occur in vivo and may well have a role in evasion of host defences and establishment of chronic infection. An epidemiological study indicated that patterns of vsp-related antigenic variation diverge rapidly in an M. bovis infected herd. Marked divergence was also found with avg-based genomic typing of M. agalactiae in chronically infected sheep. However, avg-genomic fingerprints were found to be relatively homogeneous in different animals during acute stages of an outbreak of Contagious Agalactiae, and differ between unrelated outbreaks. These data support the concept of vsp-based genomic typing but indicate the necessity for further refinement of the methodology. The molecular knowledge on these surface antigens and their encoding genes provides the basis for generating specific recombinant tools and serological methods for serodiagnosis and epidemiological purposes. Utilization of these methods in the field may allow differentiating acutely infected herds from chronic herds and disease-free herds. In addition the highly immunogenic nature of these lipoproteins may facilitate the design of protective vaccine against mycoplasma infections.
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Elbaum, Michael, and Peter J. Christie. Type IV Secretion System of Agrobacterium tumefaciens: Components and Structures. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699848.bard.

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Objectives: The overall goal of the project was to build an ultrastructural model of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens type IV secretion system (T4SS) based on electron microscopy, genetics, and immunolocalization of its components. There were four original aims: Aim 1: Define the contributions of contact-dependent and -independent plant signals to formation of novel morphological changes at the A. tumefaciens polar membrane. Aim 2: Genetic basis for morphological changes at the A. tumefaciens polar membrane. Aim 3: Immuno-localization of VirB proteins Aim 4: Structural definition of the substrate translocation route. There were no major revisions to the aims, and the work focused on the above questions. Background: Agrobacterium presents a unique example of inter-kingdom gene transfer. The process involves cell to cell transfer of both protein and DNA substrates via a contact-dependent mechanism akin to bacterial conjugation. Transfer is mediated by a T4SS. Intensive study of the Agrobacterium T4SS has made it an archetypal model for the genetics and biochemistry. The channel is assembled from eleven protein components encoded on the B operon in the virulence region of the tumor-inducing plasmid, plus an additional coupling protein, VirD4. During the course of our project two structural studies were published presenting X-ray crystallography and three-dimensional reconstruction from electron microscopy of a core complex of the channel assembled in vitro from homologous proteins of E. coli, representing VirB7, VirB9, and VirB10. Another study was published claiming that the secretion channels in Agrobacterium appear on helical arrays around the membrane perimeter and along the entire length of the bacterium. Helical arrangements in bacterial membranes have since fallen from favor however, and that finding was partially retracted in a second publication. Overall, the localization of the T4SS within the bacterial membranes remains enigmatic in the literature, and we believe that our results from this project make a significant advance. Summary of achievements : We found that polar inflations and other membrane disturbances relate to the activation conditions rather than to virulence protein expression. Activation requires low pH and nutrient-poor medium. These stress conditions are also reflected in DNA condensation to varying degrees. Nonetheless, they must be considered in modeling the T4SS as they represent the relevant conditions for its expression and activity. We identified the T4SS core component VirB7 at native expression levels using state of the art super-resolution light microscopy. This marker of the secretion system was found almost exclusively at the cell poles, and typically one pole. Immuno-electron microscopy identified the protein at the inner membrane, rather than at bridges across the inner and outer membranes. This suggests a rare or transient assembly of the secretion-competent channel, or alternatively a two-step secretion involving an intermediate step in the periplasmic space. We followed the expression of the major secreted effector, VirE2. This is a single-stranded DNA binding protein that forms a capsid around the transferred oligonucleotide, adapting the bacterial conjugation to the eukaryotic host. We found that over-expressed VirE2 forms filamentous complexes in the bacterial cytoplasm that could be observed both by conventional fluorescence microscopy and by correlative electron cryo-tomography. Using a non-retentive mutant we observed secretion of VirE2 from bacterial poles. We labeled the secreted substrates in vivo in order detect their secretion and appearance in the plant cells. However the low transfer efficiency and significant background signal have so far hampered this approach.
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Cao, Siyang, Yihao Wei, Huihui Xu, Jian Weng, Tiantian Qi, Fei Yu, Su Liu, Ao Xiong, Peng Liu, and Hui Zeng. Crosstalk between Ferroptosis and Chondrocytes in Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review of in-vivo and in-vitro Studies. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.3.0044.

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Review question / Objective: For the sake of better apprehending the nexus between ferroptosis and chondrocytes in osteoarthritis (OA), proffering novel insights and opening-up new orientation for in-depth research in both pre-clinical and clinical settings, it is warranted to initiate one rigorous and robust systematic review (SR) based upon up-to-date in-vivo and in-vitro research advances on this topic. To the best our knowledge, no SRs concerning ferroptosis and chondrocytes in OA have been published thus far. Condition being studied: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, which menaces 7% of the human population globally. With the aged tendency of population and higher rates of obesity, the incidence of OA is anticipated to proliferate, which will entail a mounting impact and major challenges for global health care and each country’s public health systems unavoidably. In virtue of the onset of OA is mighty knotty, its etiology and underlying molecular mechanisms have not been expressly expounded. However, the salient role that cartilage degeneration acts in the progression of OA has been widely acknowledged. Chondrocytes are consequential for the safeguard of cartilage homeostasis and the functional integrity of the articular cartilage. Once the homeostatic equilibrium of the extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and degradation is smashed, OA comes up.
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Teixeira, Carla, Caterina Villa, Joana Costa, Isabel M. P. L. V. O. Ferreira, and Isabel Mafra. Edible insects as a source of bioactive peptides. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.3.0075.

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Review question / Objective: This systematic review aimed at performing an exhaustive bibliographic search of all research articles reporting sequenced bioactive peptides obtained from edible insects and the respective properties demonstrated by in silico, in vitro and/or in vivo approaches. This report intends to evaluate the existing weigh-of-evidence regarding each specific claimed bioactive property, thus representing a valuable contribution to the divulgation of the scientific basis on the health benefits associated to the consumption of insects. Condition being studied: Insects are a good source of bioactive peptides (3-20 amino acids residues in length that promote beneficial effects for human health), including antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-obesity, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antiviral, and antithrombotic properties, among others.
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Labrune, Elsa, Bruno Salle, and Jacqueline Lornage. An update on in vitro folliculogenesis: a new technique for post-cancer fertility. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0111.

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Review question / Objective: The present review intends to summarize the progress of in vitro folliculogenesis in humans. It focuses on the culture media and then, according to the culture stage, on the different culture systems developed with comments on the results obtained. Condition being studied: This review focuses on the progress of in vitro folliculogenesis in humans. Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria : all original English-language articles on in vitro folliculogenesis from ovarian tissue in humans; exclusion criteria: non-English papers, works on animals, in vitro maturation and in vivo maturation works carried out within the context of in vitro fertilization protocols, studies on in vitro folliculogenesis that checked slow freezing and/or vitrification of ovarian tissue, studies on frozen or vitrified tissues (these do not have the same objective), studies on short culture times, and studies that lacked major results.
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Varga, Gabriella A., Amichai Arieli, Lawrence D. Muller, Haim Tagari, Israel Bruckental, and Yair Aharoni. Effect of Rumen Available Protein, Amimo Acids and Carbohydrates on Microbial Protein Synthesis, Amino Acid Flow and Performance of High Yielding Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568103.bard.

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The effect of rumen available protein amino acids and carbohydrates on microbial protein synthesis, amino acid flow and performance of high yielding dairy cows was studied. A significant relationship between the effective degradabilities of OM in feedstuffs and the in vivo ruminal OM degradation of diets of dairy cows was found. The in situ method enabled the prediction of ruminal nutrients degradability response to processing of energy and nitragenous supplements. The AA profile of the rumen undegradable protein was modified by the processing method. In a continuous culture study total N and postruminal AA flows, and bacterial efficiency, is maximal at rumen degradable levels of 65% of the CP. Responses to rumen degradable non carbohydrate (NSC) were linear up to at least 27% of DM. Higher CP flow in the abomasum was found for cows fed high ruminally degradable OM and low ruminally degradable CP diet. It appeared that in dairy cows diets, the ratio of rumen degradable OM to rumenally degradable CP should be at least 5:1 in order to maximize postruminal CP flow. The efficiency of microbial CP synthesis was higher for diets supplemented with 33% of rumen undegradable protein, with greater amounts of bacterial AA reaching the abomasum. Increase in ruminal carbohydrate availability by using high moisture corn increased proportions of propionate, postruminal nutrients flow, postruminal starch digestibility, ruminal availability of NSC, uptake of energy substrates by the mammory gland. These modifications resulted with improvement in the utilization of nonessential AA for milk protein synthesis, in higher milk protein yield. Higher postruminal NSC digestibility and higher efficiency of milk protein production were recorded in cows fed extruded corn. Increasing feeding frequency increased flow of N from the rumen to the blood, reduced diurnal variation in ruminal and ammonia, and of plasma urea and improved postruminal NSC and CIP digestibility and total tract digestibilities. Milk and constituent yield increased with more frequent feeding. In a study performed in a commercial dairy herd, changes in energy and nitrogenous substrates level suggested that increasing feeding frequency may improve dietary nitrogen utilization and may shift metabolism toward more glucogenesis. It was concluded that efficiency of milk protein yield in high producing cows might be improved by an optimization of ruminal and post-ruminal supplies of energy and nitrogenous substrates. Such an optimization can be achieved by processing of energy and nitrogenous feedstuffs, and by increasing feeding frequency. In situ data may provide means for elucidation of the optimal processing conditions.
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9

Sukenik, Assaf, Paul Roessler, and John Ohlrogge. Biochemical and Physiological Regulation of Lipid Synthesis in Unicellular Algae with Special Emphasis on W-3 Very Long Chain Lipids. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604932.bard.

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Various unicellular algae produce omega-3 (w3) very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFA), which are rarely found in higher plants. In this research and other studies from our laboratories, it has been demonstrated that the marine unicellular alga Nannochloropsis (Eustigmatophyceae) can be used as a reliable and high quality source for the w3 VLC-PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This alga is widely used in mariculture systems as the primary component of the artificial food chain in fish larvae production, mainly due to its high EPA content. Furthermore, w3 fatty acids are essential for humans as dietary supplements and may have therapeutic benefits. The goal of this research proposal was to understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms which regulate the synthesis and accumulation of glycerolipids enriched with w3 VLC-PUFA in Nannochloropsis. The results of our studies demonstrate various aspects of lipid synthesis and its regulation in the alga: 1. Variations in lipid class composition imposed by various environmental conditions were determined with special emphasis on the relative abundance of the molecular species of triacylglycerol (TAG) and monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG). 2. The relationships between the cellular content of major glycerolipids (TAG and MGDG) and the enzymes involved in their synthesis were studied. The results suggested the importance of UDP-galactose diacylglycerol galactosyl (UDGT) in regulation of the cellular level of MGDG. In a current effort we have purified UDGT several hundredfold from Nannochloropsis. It is our aim to purify this enzyme to near homogeneity and to produce antibodies against this enzyme in order to provide the tools for elucidation of the biochemical mechanisms that regulate this enzyme and carbon allocation into galactolipids. 3. Our in vitro and in vivo labeling studies indicated the possibility that phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) are associated with desaturation of the structural lipids, whereas shorter chain saturated fatty acids are more likely to be incorporated into TAG. 4. Isolation of several putative mutants of Nannochloropsis which appear to have different lipid and fatty acid compositions than the wild type; a mutant of a special importance that is devoid of EPA was fully characterized. In addition, we could demonstrate the feasibility of Nannochloropsis biomass production for aquaculture and human health: 1) We demonstrated in semi-industrial scale the feasibility of mass production of Nannochloropsis biomass in collaboration with the algae plant NBT in Eilat; 2) Nutritional studies verified the importance algal w3 fatty acids for the development of rats and demonstrated that Nannochloropsis biomass fed to pregnant and lactating rats can benefit their offspring.
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10

Halevy, Orna, Sandra Velleman, and Shlomo Yahav. Early post-hatch thermal stress effects on broiler muscle development and performance. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7597933.bard.

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In broilers, the immediate post-hatch handling period exposes chicks to cold or hot thermal stress, with potentially harmful consequences to product quantity and quality that could threaten poultry meat marketability as a healthy, low-fat food. This lower performance includes adverse effects on muscle growth and damage to muscle structure (e.g., less protein and more fat deposition). A leading candidate for mediating the effects of thermal stress on muscle growth and development is a unique group of skeletal muscle cells known as adult myoblasts (satellite cells). Satellite cells are multipotential stem cells that can be stimulated to follow other developmental pathways, especially adipogenesis in lieu of muscle formation. They are most active during the first week of age in broilers and have been shown to be sensitive to environmental conditions and nutritional status. The hypothesis of the present study was that immediate post-hatch thermal stress would harm broiler growth and performance. In particular, growth characteristics and gene expression of muscle progenitor cells (i.e., satellite cells) will be affected, leading to increased fat deposition, resulting in long-term changes in muscle structure and a reduction in meat yield. The in vitro studies on cultured satellite cells derived from different muscle, have demonstrated that, anaerobic pectoralis major satellite cells are more predisposed to adipogenic conversion and more sensitive during myogenic proliferation and differentiation than aerobic biceps femoris cells when challenged to both hot and cold thermal stress. These results corroborated the in vivo studies, establishing that chronic heat exposure of broiler chicks at their first two week of life leads to impaired myogenicity of the satellite cells, and increased fat deposition in the muscle. Moreover, chronic exposure of chicks to inaccurate temperature, in particular to heat vs. cold, during their early posthatch periods has long-term effects of BW, absolute muscle growth and muscle morphology and meat quality. The latter is manifested by higher lipid and collagen deposition and may lead to the white striping occurrence. The results of this study emphasize the high sensitivity of muscle progenitor cells in the early posthatch period at a time when they are highly active and therefore the importance of rearing broiler chicks under accurate ambient temperatures. From an agricultural point of view, this research clearly demonstrates the immediate and long-term adverse effects on broiler muscling and fat formation due to chronic exposure to hot stress vs. cold temperatures at early age posthatch. These findings will aid in developing management strategies to improve broiler performance in Israel and the USA. BARD Report - Project4592 Page 2 of 29
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