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Journal articles on the topic 'Viviparous'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 March 2023

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1

Svedäng, H., H. Ojaveer, and E. Urtans. "Interpretation of the otolith structures in viviparous blenny Zoarces viviparus." Journal of Applied Ichthyology 13, no. 3 (October 1997): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1997.tb00113.x.

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2

Fialho, Clarice Bernhardt. "Viviparous Fishes." Neotropical Ichthyology 4, no. 4 (December 2006): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252006000400012.

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3

Riehl, Rüdiger, and Hartmut Greven. "Fine structure of egg envelopes in some viviparous goodeid fishes, with comments on the relation of envelope thinness to viviparity." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-014.

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The egg envelope (zona radiata) of the full-grown oocytes before fertilization was examined by electron microscope in eight viviparous species of Goodeidae (Cyprinodontiformes) from the Mexican plateau. The egg envelope is composed of a homogeneous electron-dense zona radiata perforated mainly by oocyte microvilli. The thickness of the zona radiata ranged from 0.5 μm (Xenoophorus captivus) to 1.5 μm (Ameca splendens). Egg envelopes of Ataeniobius toweri and Ilyodon xantusi appeared to have two layers, tentatively described as a zona radiata interna and a zona radiata externa. The most complex envelope was observed in Girardinichthys multiradiatus, which showed a small filamentous zona radiata interna and an electron-dense zona radiata externa covered by an additional flocculent layer, which is probably the gelatinous coat found in many eggs. The egg envelope of Ameca splendens, Girardinichthys viviparus, and Xenotoca eiseni displayed short external processes resembling attaching filaments, which are known from eggs of substrate-spawning teleosts. The thickness and differentiation of the zona radiata in other viviparous teleosts are compared and discussed with reference to mode of reproduction.

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4

RODRÍGUEZ, SANDRA GONZÁLEZ, PAUL A. BROWN, JAIME ORTEGO, SARA I. LÓPEZ CIRUELOS, and JUAN M. NIETO NAFRÍA. "Aphis species (Hemiptera, Aphididae) living on Mulinum (Apiaceae) in South America, with a description of a new species." Zootaxa 4216, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4216.1.2.

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Aphis species living on the South American native genus Mulinum are studied. Aphis vurilocensis Nieto Nafría, Brown and López Ciruelos, sp. n. is described from apterous viviparous females. Alate viviparous females, oviparous females and winged males of Aphis roberti are described. Knowledge of intraspecific variability of apterous viviparous females of A. martinezi, A. paravanoi and A. roberti is developed. An identification key of apterous viviparous females of Aphis species living on Mulinum is presented.

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5

Heulin, Benoît, Maria Jesus Arrayago, Antonio Bea, and Florentino Brana. "Caractéristiques de la coquille des oeufs chez la souche hybride (ovipare × vivipare) du lézard Lacerta vivipara." Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, no. 11 (November 1, 1992): 2242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-301.

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The lizard Lacerta vivipara has both oviparous and viviparous populations. Experimental crossbreedings (oviparous strain × viviparous strain) in the laboratory have previously allowed us to obtain a hybrid strain. Hybrids have also laid eggs in the laboratory. The aim of the present study was to determine the eggshell characteristics of the hybrid and to compare them with the characteristics previously studied in the oviparous and viviparous strains. The mean thickness of the eggshell is 21 μm for the hybrid, 40 μm for oviparous eggshell, and 9 μm for the viviparous eggshell membrane. Mean dry mass of the eggshell is 3 mg for hybrids, 5 mg for the oviparous strain, and 0.6 mg for the viviparous strain. Ash mass of the eggshell is 0.79 mg for hybrids, 1.05 mg for the oviparous strain, and 0.22 mg for the viviparous strain. Fibrils were observed in both oviparous and hybrids' eggshells and in the viviparous eggshell membrane. The outer surface of the hybrids' eggs presents both places with a calcareous layer (61%) and places where fibrils are not covered with a calcareous layer (39%). These incompletely calcified eggshells are intermediate between the oviparous eggshells (complete calcareous layer) and the regressed eggshell membrane (fibrils with minor traces of calcite) observed during the gestation of the viviparous lizards. This situation is of considerable interest for further experimental studies dealing with physiological and genetic aspects of the evolution of viviparity.

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6

Puizina, Jasna, Branka Javornik, Borut Bohanec, Dieter Schweizer, Jolanta Maluszynska, and Drazena Pape. "Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, genome size, and genomic in situ hybridization of triploid viviparous onions." Genome 42, no. 6 (December 1, 1999): 1208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g99-023.

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Triploid viviparous onions (Allium cepa L. var. viviparum Metzg. (ALEF.), auct.), (2n = 3x = 24), are known in some countries only as a rare relic crop, while in other parts of the world they are still traditionally or even commercially cultivated. Results indicating an identical random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) banding pattern and the same DNA content (2C = 43.4 pg) establish the high genetic similarity and the unique origin of the Croatian clone Ljutika and the Indian clone Pran. In order to determine the parental Allium species of these natural triploid hybrids, genomic fluorescent in situ hybridization (GISH) was applied. Biotinylated genomic DNAs from six diploid Allium species (A. cepa L., A. fistulosum L., A. roylei Stearn, A. vavilovii M. Pop. et Vved., A. galanthum Kar. et Kir., A. oschaninii O. Fedtsch.) were used as probes in this study. While probes obtained from genomic DNA of A. cepa, A. vavilovii, and A. roylei hybridized to somatic chromosomes of Ljutika probes from A. fistulosum, A. galanthum, and A. oschaninii did not. The DNA probes of A. cepa and A. roylei each completely or predominantly labelled one genome (eight chromosomes). A few chromosomes, the markers of the triploid karyotype, were not completely labelled by any probe applied. Our GISH results indicate that triploid viviparous onions might possess a complex triparental genome organization.Key words: triploid viviparous onions, Allium cepa, Allium roylei, genomic in situ hybridization, genome size, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD).

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7

Barjadze, Shalva, and Nana Gratiashvili. "Description of a new species of the genus Macrosiphum Passerini, 1860 (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea: Aphididae), with a key to the Macrosiphum species occurring in Transcaucasia." Entomologica Fennica 21, no. 1 (August 14, 2019): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.84497.

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Apterous viviparous females of Macrosiphum dzhibladzeae Barjadze sp. n. living on Euphorbia macroceras (Euphorbiaceae) are described and illustrated. A key to the apterous viviparous females of Macrosiphum species living on Euphorbia spp. worldwide is given. A previous key for the apterous viviparous females of the Macrosiphum species recorded from Transcaucasia is provided, modified to include the new species.

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8

NAFRÍA, JUAN M. NIETO, NICOLÁS PÉREZ HIDALGO, SERGIO GARCÍA-TEJERO, SARA I. LÓPEZ CIRUELOS, and M. PILAR MIER DURANTE. "Contribution to the knowledge of North-American species Hyperomyzus subgenus Neonasonovia (Aphididae, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini)." Zootaxa 4294, no. 2 (July 18, 2017): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4294.2.7.

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American specimens of the Hyperomyzus subgenus Neonasonovia conserved in the collections of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris, France) and the Natural History Museum (London, United Kingdom), have been studied. Data to complement previous descriptions of apterous and alate viviparous females of H. nabali and of apterous viviparae of H. nigricornis, H. inflatus, H. niger and H. pullatus, are presented. Apterous and alate virginogeniae females of H. nigricornis, alate viviparous females of H. inflatus, H. niger and H. pullatus, plus oviparous females of H. nabali, are described for the first time. The morphological and biological variability of H. pullatus is discussed. An identification key for viviparous females of the American species of Neonasonovia is presented for the first time. Microphotographs of apterous and alate viviparous females of H. nabali, H. nigricornis, H. inflatus and H. niger, alate viviparous females of H. pullatus, and oviparous female of H. nabali, are presented.

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9

BARJADZE, SHALVA, IŞIL ÖZDEMIR, and EBRAHIM EBRAHIMI. "Two species of Brachyunguis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) new to Iran, and a key to the Iranian species of this genus." Zootaxa 5183, no. 1 (September 12, 2022): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5183.1.6.

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Brachyunguis dendrostellerae Kadyrbekov, 2014 and B. monstratus Kadyrbekov, 1999, both living on Diarthron lessertii (Wikstr.) Kit Tan. (Thymelaeaceae), are recorded for Iranian aphid fauna for the first time. The hitherto unknown alate viviparous females of B. dendrostellerae are described, and the little-known apterous viviparous females are redescribed. An identification key for apterous viviparous females of Brachyunguis species known from Iran is provided.

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10

STASIAK, Aleksandra K. "PROPOSAL OF THE MONITORING METHODOLOGY OF THE VIVIPAROUS LIZARD Zootoca vivipara." Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica 362, no. 61 (March 31, 2022): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/aapz2022.61.1.02.

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The viviparous lizard (Zootoca vivipara) is a species of the Squamata order from the family of lizards (Lacertidae) covering the wide range – from Western Europe, including British islands and Ireland to the far reaches of Asia with limit of occurrence on the Japanese island of Hokkaido. The population of the viviparous lizard is not regularly monitored and does not have specific monitoring rules. Currently, numerous publications in the press and media inform about the progressive intensification of agriculture, intensity of tourist traffic or the increasingly progressive urbanization of the environment, which contributes to the migration of viviparous lizards from these areas. It has been suggested that because of human interference with the environment, viviparous lizards retreat to intact natural habitats. This is related to decrease in the area of occurrence of these reptiles and less frequent observations than before. The work presents a proposed methodology of viviparous lizard monitoring based on the evaluation of population status indicator – relative abundance and habitat condition indicators such as availability of breeding places and availability of hiding places. The aim of the article is to present indicators of the population status and habitat condition indicators, additionally to establish terms and frequency of surveys within the framework of the possibility to conduct monitoring studies of viviparous lizard populations.

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11

Araujo, Paula G., William J. da Silva, Mirian P. Maluf, and Laudenir M. Prioli. "Mapping of a novel viviparous unstable mutant of maize (vp 12)." Brazilian Journal of Genetics 20, no. 1 (March 1997): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-84551997000100013.

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A new viviparous mutant of maize (Zea mays L.), associated with genetic instability and designated viviparous-12 (vp12), was identified in a synthetic Tuxpeño adapted to tropical regions. In the present work, the linkage group of this new locus was determined. Progenies of inbred line L477 segregating for the vp12 mutant were crossed with waxy-marked reciprocal translocation stocks. The phenotypic frequencies of the wx and vp12 mutants were analyzed in F2 progenies. The results demonstrated that the Viviparous-12 locus of maize is located on the long arm of chromosome 6.

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12

BARJADZE, SHALVA. "A new species of Aphidura Hille Ris Lambers, and additional data for Aphidura pakistanensis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from Republic of Georgia." Zootaxa 4683, no. 3 (October 9, 2019): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4683.3.6.

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Apterous viviparous females of Aphidura jimoi sp. nov. living on Dianthus sp. in East Georgia, are described and differences with the most similar species of the genus—A. naimanica Kadyrbekov, 2013, are presented. Additional data are provided for apterous viviparous females of A. pakistanensis Nieto Nafría, Mier Durante & Remaudière, 2013, based on the first record from Georgia and the hitherto unknown alate viviparous females of this species are described. Updated identification keys for apterous females of all species currently included in the genus Aphidura, and for those feeding specifically on Dianthus spp. are provided.

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13

Clay, Keith. "Induced vivipary in the sedge Cyperus virens and the transmission of the fungus Balansia cyperi (Clavicipitaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 12 (December 1, 1986): 2984–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-394.

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Individuals of the sedge Cyperus virens Mich. are frequently infected by the systemic fungus Balansia cyperi Edg. (Clavicipitaceae). Developing inflorescences of infected plants are enveloped by fungal hyphae, preventing their expansion. Viviparous plantlets are sometimes produced on the aborted inflorescences of infected plants and the plantlets themselves are infected by B. cyperi. To estimate the extent of infection and vivipary, five populations of C. virens from the southwestern coast of Louisiana were sampled along randomly located line transects. Approximately one-half of over 500 sampled plants were infected by B. cyperi and about 30% of the infected plants were viviparous. There were significant differences between transects within populations and among populations in the percentage of infected plants and of infected, viviparous plants. Viviparous, infected plants were, on average, four times as big as uninfected plants and three times as big as nonviviparous, infected plants. Induced vivipary represents a mechanism of vegetative reproduction where host plant and fungus are dispersed simultaneously in the same propagule.

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14

Pelletier, Yvan. "DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNDATRIX MORPH OF LONGICAUDUS TRIRHODUS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 117, no. 2 (February 1985): 245–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent117245-2.

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AbstractThe fundatrix morph of Longicaudus trirhodus (Walker) is described for the first time. The main difference from the apterous viviparous female is the absence of cornicles. Fundatrices as well as both apterous and alate viviparous female were collected on cultivated roses in May and early June, 1984 at Fredericton, NB.

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15

Lin, Zhaocun, Kaiming Yu, Leyao Shen, Yu Zhang, Yutian Liu, Mei Hou, Zhennan Peng, Xiaolong Tang, and Qiang Chen. "A staging table of embryonic development for a viviparous (live-bearing) lizard Eremias multiocellata (Squamata: Lacertidae)." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 14 (2021): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd21082.

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As the only viviparous reptile in China that has both temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) and genetic-dependent sex determination (GSD) mechanisms, Eremias multiocellata is considered as an ideal species for studying the sex determination mechanism in viviparous lizards. However, studies on embryonic stage of viviparous lizards and morphological characteristics of each stage are limited. In the present study, the embryonic development process of E. multiocellata is divided into 15 stages (stages 28–42) according to the morphology of embryos. Embryos sizes are measured and continuous dynamic variation of some key features, including limbs, genitals, eyes, pigments, and brain scales are color imaged by a stereoscopic microscope. Furthermore, based on these morphological characteristics, we compare the similarities and differences in the embryonic development of E. multiocellata with other squamate species. Our results not only identified the staging table of E. multiocellata with continuous changes of external morphological characteristics but also developed a staging scheme for an important model species that provides a necessary foundation for study of sex determination in a viviparous lizard.

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16

DURANTE, M. PILAR MIER, JAIME ORTEGO, CAROL D. VON DOHLEN, and JUAN MANUEL NIETO NAFRÍA. "A further contribution to the knowledge of Uroleucon species (Hemiptera, Aphididae) living on Adesmia (Fabaceae) in southern South America, with description of a new species from Chile." Zootaxa 4748, no. 3 (March 9, 2020): 548–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4748.3.8.

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Uroleucon (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Macrosiphini) is a highly diverse and widely distributed genus. Most of its species are hosted by plants of the Asteraceae or Campanulaceae, but three species from the southern end of South America have specialized to live on plants of the genus Adesmia (Fabaceae). New morphological and chorological data are provided for U. adesmiae Mier Durante and Ortego and U. naheulhuapense Nieto Nafría & von Dohlen, with a description of the alate viviparous female of the latter species. U. australe Nieto Nafría & Mier Durante, sp. n. is described from apterous viviparous females, oviparous females and males from four localities in the Chilean regions of Aysén and Magallanes; it is very close to U. nahuelhuapense, both morphologically and genetically. Contrary to what is typical for aphids, the males of U. australe have a greater number of distinguishing characters than are found in viviparous females. A modification of the identification key to the apterous viviparous females of the known Uroleucon species in South America by Nieto Nafría et al. (2019) is presented.

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17

ÖZDEMÝR, IŞIL. "New Lipaphis species (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Macrosiphini) from central Türkiye living on Sisymbrium sp. (Brassicaceae)." Zootaxa 5183, no. 1 (September 12, 2022): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5183.1.18.

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Lipaphis (Lipaphis) erdemi sp. nov. is described from apterous and alatae viviparous females collected in Central Anatolia (Türkiye) on Sisymbrium sp. (Brassicaceae). The new species is markedly different from the other species of the subgenus Lipaphis by having secondary rhinaria on the antennal segments III, IV and frequently V in apterous viviparous females, and always having secondary rhinaria on the antennal segments III, IV and V in alate viviparae. Other features that allow to separate the new species from the other species of the subgenus are presented. The new species is morphologically most similar to L. erysimi and L. pseudobrassicae. An identification key based on apterous viviparous females of the genus Lipaphis known from Türkiye is provided.

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18

MEHRPARVAR, MOHSEN, and ALI REZWANI. "A new species of Macrosiphoniella and redescription of Coloradoa heinzei (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) as a new record in Iran." Zootaxa 1634, no. 1 (November 9, 2007): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1634.1.2.

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Apterous and alate viviparous females of Macrosiphoniella kermanensis sp. nov. living on Artemisia sieberi (Asteraceae) are described from Iran. Also, Coloradoa heinzei (Borner) from Artemisia aucheri (Asteraceae), as a new record in Iran, is redescribed. A key to the apterous viviparous females of Macrosiphoniella del Guercio species living on Artemisia in Iran is given.

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19

Raju Aluri, Jacob Solomon. "Reproductive Ecology of Mangrove Flora: Conservation and Management." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 133–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/trser-2013-0026.

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ABSTRACT Mangroves are dynamic and unique inter-tidal ecosystems, common in tropical and subtropical coastal environments. They are among the world’s most productive ecosystems and are important in protecting coasts from erosion by fierce tides, in promoting the diversity of marine organisms and fisheries by contributing a quantity of food and providing favourable habitats for animals. These economic uses of mangroves indicate that they play an important role in the lives and economies in the coastal regions of different countries. Mangrove forests are under immense threat worldwide due to their multiple economic uses and alterations of freshwater inflows by various upstream activities in catchment areas. Mangrove plants with unique adaptations play a crucial role in sustaining life in mangrove forests. Their reproductive biology is central to understanding the structural and functional components of mangrove forests. The success of sexual reproduction and subsequent population expansion in mangrove plants is linked to flowering timings, pollinators and tidal currents. Viviparous and cryptoviviparous plants are true mangroves while non-viviparous ones are mangrove associates. The dispersal propagule is seedling in viviparous and non-viviparous plants while it is seed in nonviviparous plants. In this study, viviparous and crypto-viviparous species were included for study. These species are self-compatible, self-pollinating and also cross-pollinating; such a breeding system is a requirement for the success of sexual reproduction and subsequent build up and expansion of population. They are entomophilous in the study region. The viviparous plants include Ceriops tagal, C. decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and B. cylindrica. The non-viviparous plants include Avicennia alba, A. marina, A. officinalis, Aegiceras corniculatum and Aegialitis rotundifolia. Sexual reproduction and regeneration events are annual in these plants and are dependent on local insects, tidal currents and nutrient content in estuarine environment. In recent times, erratic and insufficient rainfall together with industrial pollutants released into rivers is causing negative effects on the growth, development and regeneration of mangrove flora. In effect, there is a gradual decrease in mangrove cover. Added to this is continuous exploitation of mangrove plants for fuel wood, creation of shelters for cattle and changes for industrial establishments and aquaculture development in estuarine regions. As a consequence, the existing mangrove cover is struggling to survive and also not in a position to support local needs and provide livelihood opportunities through fishery resources. Further, reduced mangrove cover is showing catastrophic effects on fishing communities who live along the shore line during the period of cyclonic surges and tsunami events.

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Bellini, Gisela Paola, Vanesa Arzamendia, and Alejandro Raúl Giraudo. "Reproductive life history of snakes in temperate regions: what are the differences between oviparous and viviparous species?" Amphibia-Reptilia 40, no. 3 (2019): 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-20181076.

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Abstract Studying life history (LH) allows a broader understanding of organisms and populations’ responses to their environments. Snakes display an immense diversity in terms of reproductive traits, which is reflected in LH traits. The aim of this study is to compare reproductive biology and morphological variables in viviparous and oviparous snakes of a temperate South American community. We studied nearly 1000 specimens of eight oviparous and seven viviparous species pertaining to the four taxonomic families that inhabit the Paraná basin floodplain. Dimorphic variables did not show a different tendency between oviparous and viviparous species. Our results showed that the reproductive mode determined some reproductive traits of a snake’s LH, such as reproductive frequency and reproductive potential. Oviparous snakes reproduce annually, while viviparous snakes reproduce biannually or multi-annually. All species showed seasonal reproductive cycles and no correlation between clutch size (fecundity) and maternal body size. The reproductive strategy of both oviparous and viviparous species of the Paraná River floodplain was to adjust their reproductive cycles to both hydrological cycle of the river and temperature regime. The reproductive traits under study are suggested to have been influenced by environmental factors as well as by genetic characteristics. The studied assemblage is the result of an admixture of evolutionarily distinct clades, each contributing a set of species with different reproductive traits. Although we do not ignore this fact, we emphasize the importance of studying reproductive LH as raw material for an integrative analysis.

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21

BARJADZE, SHALVA. "A new species of Aphis Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from Cephalaria gigantea (Dipsacaceae) in Georgia." Zootaxa 2821, no. 1 (April 15, 2011): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2821.1.3.

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Apterous and alate viviparous females of Aphis cephalariae sp. n. living on Cephalaria gigantea (Dipsacaceae) are described and illustrated. Differentiations between the new species and the morphologically similar A. acetosae are given. Based on apterous viviparous females, keys are provided to all aphid species recorded as feeding on Cephalaria gigantea, and to all Aphis species living on Dipsacaceae.

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22

KADYRBEKOV, RUSTEM KH. "Two new aphid species of the genus Cryptomyzus Oestlund, 1922 (Hemiptera, Aphididae) from Kazakhstan, and keys to apterous and alate viviparous females." Zootaxa 4903, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4903.2.6.

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Two new species of the genus Cryptomyzus Oestlund, 1922 are described from Lamiaceae in the Kazakhstan part of West Tien Shan: Cryptomyzus (Cryptomyzus) sairamugamicus sp. n. living on Phlomis salicifolia and C. (C.) karzhantavicus sp. n. living on Stachys betonicifolia. Keys are provided for identification of apterous viviparous females and alate viviparous females of the world’s fauna of the genus Cryptomyzus.

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23

NAFRÍA, JUAN MANUEL NIETO, CAROL D. VON DOHLEN, PAUL A. BROWN, M. PILAR MIER DURANTE, JAIME ORTEGO, SARA I. LÓPEZ CIRUELOS, and MEGAN LICHT. "Three new species of the genus Neuquenaphis (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Spicaphidinae) from southernmost South America." Zootaxa 4590, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4590.5.2.

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Three new species of Neuquenaphis Blanchard are described from aphids collected in southernmost South America on several species of Nothofagus, southern beeches: Neuquenaphis blackmani Nieto Nafría and Brown, sp. n. from apterous and alate viviparous females and alatoid nymphs collected on Nothofagus dombeyi in Los Lagos and Los Ríos regions (Chile) and on Nothofagus nitida in Los Ríos region, Neuquenaphis aurata Mier Durante and von Dohlen, sp. n. from apterous and alate viviparous females collected on Nothofagus betuloides in Magallanes region (Chile) and Tierra del Fuego province (Argentina), and Neuquenaphis ramireziNieto Nafría and Ortego, sp. n. from apterous viviparous females collected on Nothofagus pumilio and N. antarctica in Tierra del Fuego province (Argentina) and La Araucanía, Aysén and Magallanes regions (Chile). Sequences of the mitochondrial COI “barcode” region and the tRNAleu-COII locus support the distinction of these new species from described Neuquenaphis species. Morphological characteristics that differentiate the new species from already described species of the genus are discussed. Partial identification keys for known apterous and alate viviparous females of Neuquenaphis species are presented on the basis of those established by Quednau (2010).

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Laird, Melanie K., Michael B. Thompson, and Camilla M. Whittington. "Facultative oviparity in a viviparous skink ( Saiphos equalis )." Biology Letters 15, no. 4 (April 2019): 20180827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0827.

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Facultative changes in parity mode (oviparity to viviparity and vice versa) are rare in vertebrates, yet offer fascinating opportunities to investigate the role of reproductive lability in parity mode evolution. Here, we report apparent facultative oviparity by a viviparous female of the bimodally reproductive skink Saiphos equalis —the first report of different parity modes within a vertebrate clutch. Eggs oviposited facultatively possess shell characteristics of both viviparous and oviparous S. equalis , demonstrating that egg coverings for viviparous embryos are produced by the same machinery as those for oviparous individuals. Since selection may act in either direction when viviparity has evolved recently, squamate reproductive lability may confer a selective advantage. We suggest that facultative oviparity is a viable reproductive strategy for S. equalis and that squamate reproductive lability is more evolutionarily significant than previously acknowledged.

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Mukai, Hideo, Yasunori Saito, and Hiroshi Watanabe. "Viviparous development inBotrylloides (Compound Ascidians)." Journal of Morphology 193, no. 3 (September 1987): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051930305.

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Champion, George Charles, and Thomas Algernon Chapman. "Observations on some species of Orina, a genus of viviparous and ovo-viviparous Beetles." Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 49, no. 1 (April 24, 2009): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1901.tb02730.x.

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Mattsson, Kaj, Jukka Tana, Christina Engström, Jarl Hemming, and Karl-Johan Lehtinen. "Effects of Wood-Related Sterols on the Offspring of the Viviparous Blenny, Zoarces viviparus L." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 49, no. 2 (June 2001): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/eesa.2001.2046.

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Junkiert, Łukasz, Karina Wieczorek, and Wacław Wojciechowski. "Periphyllus californiensis Shinji, 1917 (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) - an invasive aphid species new to Poland." Polish Journal of Entomology / Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 80, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10200-011-0001-8.

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Periphyllus californiensis Shinji, 1917 (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) - an invasive aphid species new to Poland Periphyllus californiensis Shinji, 1917, an aphid species associated with Acer palmatum and A. japonicum, was recorded in the Botanic Garden of the Jagiellonian University, Kraków, in 2009 and 2010. This invasive species, new to Poland, is presented (apterous viviparous female, alate viviparous female) and described in detail. A key to the Polish species of the genus Periphyllus van der Hoeven, 1863 is provided.

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Van Dyke, James U., Matthew C. Brandley, and Michael B. Thompson. "The evolution of viviparity: molecular and genomic data from squamate reptiles advance understanding of live birth in amniotes." REPRODUCTION 147, no. 1 (January 2014): R15—R26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-13-0309.

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Squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) are an ideal model system for testing hypotheses regarding the evolution of viviparity (live birth) in amniote vertebrates. Viviparity has evolved over 100 times in squamates, resulting in major changes in reproductive physiology. At a minimum, all viviparous squamates exhibit placentae formed by the appositions of maternal and embryonic tissues, which are homologous in origin with the tissues that form the placenta in therian mammals. These placentae facilitate adhesion of the conceptus to the uterus as well as exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, sodium, and calcium. However, most viviparous squamates continue to rely on yolk for nearly all of their organic nutrition. In contrast, some species, which rely on the placenta for at least a portion of organic nutrition, exhibit complex placental specializations associated with the transport of amino acids and fatty acids. Some viviparous squamates also exhibit reduced immunocompetence during pregnancy, which could be the result of immunosuppression to protect developing embryos. Recent molecular studies using both candidate-gene and next-generation sequencing approaches have suggested that at least some of the genes and gene families underlying these phenomena play similar roles in the uterus and placenta of viviparous mammals and squamates. Therefore, studies of the evolution of viviparity in squamates should inform hypotheses of the evolution of viviparity in all amniotes, including mammals.

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Mouton, P. le F. N., and J. H. van Wyk. "The reproductive cycles of the oviparous lizards." Amphibia-Reptilia 17, no. 2 (1996): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853896x00153.

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AbstractWe examined the reproductive cycles of two species of the only oviparous genus Platysaurus in the predominantly viviparous family Cordylidae, endemic to Southern Africa. The reproductive cycles of Platysaurus capensis and P. minor were determined using data obtained from field caught and museum specimens. Males of both species exhibit testicular recrudescence during autumn (April-May) and maximum testicular volumes together with peak spermiogenic activity occur during winter through early summer (July-November). Small testicular volumes associated with testicular regression occur during mid-summer (December) through early autumn (March). Similarly, females of both species begin vitellogenesis in autumn, culminating in ovulation during spring (September-October). Females are ovigerous in summer (November through December). Clutch size is fixed on two eggs. In both species, male and female cycles are well synchronised. The fact that the autumn/winter ovarian cycles of these oviparous lizards correspond to that of viviparous members of the family Cordylidae adds to the data that suggest that the oviparous mode of reproduction in the genus Platysaurus represents one of the few known cases of an evolutionary reversal from the derived viviparous mode. Along with the viviparity-oviparity reversal a postnuptial-prenuptial testicular cycle reversal is suggested. Data presented in this paper support the hypothesis that the ancestral oviparous Platysaurus evolved on the Mozambique lowlands from a viviparous montane Pseudocordylus ancestor.

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Szűcs, Boldizsár, Győző F. Horváth, and Jenő J. Purger. "New record of the viviparous lizard Zootoca vivipara (Jacquin, 1787) in Hungary." Herpetozoa 35 (January 13, 2022): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e73994.

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The lowland populations of the viviparous lizard Zootoca vivipara in the Carpathian Basin occur in cold, marshy relict habitats. In one of the largest wetlands in Hungary, Kis-Balaton, in 2016 its presence was confirmed by catching an individual with a small mammal live-trap. This new record is significant, since the nearest known sites of occurrence are at great distance and it is situated between the lowland viviparous populations of the north-northeast and the oviparous populations of the south (in Croatia).

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BARJADZE, SHALVA, SEBASTIANO BARBAGALLO, ROGER BLACKMAN, and IŞIL ÖZDEMIR. "A new Caryophyllaceae-feeding species of Macrosiphum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Republic of Georgia, and a redescription of Macrosiphum hartigi Hille Ris Lambers." Zootaxa 4341, no. 2 (October 31, 2017): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4341.2.3.

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Apterous and alate viviparous females and the alate males of Macrosiphum eastopi Barjadze & Blackman sp. n. living on Oberna multifida Ikonn. (=Silene multifida Rohrb.) (Caryophyllaceae) are described from the Republic of Georgia (Caucasus). Type specimens are deposited at the Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University (IZISU), Tbilisi, Georgia; the Natural History Museum (BMNH), London, U.K.; and the University of Catania (UCI), Sicily, Italy. Apterous and alate viviparous females of its close relative M. hartigi Hille Ris Lambers, 1947, living on Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke and Stellaria holostea L. (Caryophyllaceae) are redescribed, based on co-types and other material from Austria, France, Italy and Switzerland. The hitherto unknown fundatrix, oviparous females and alate males of M. hartigi are described from Italy and Switzerland. Macrosiphum eastopi sp. n. is differentiated from the morphologically similar M. hartigi and compared with other Macrosiphum species living on Caryophyllaceae. A key is provided to apterous viviparous females of all aphid species recorded on Oberna multifida.

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ZARKANİ, AGUSTİN, and FERİT TURANLI. "Short Communication: Morphological characterizations of Aphis passeriniana (Del Guercio) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) living on common sage in Turkey." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 1319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190419.

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Zarkani A, Turanlı F. 2018. Short Communication: Morphological characterizations of Aphis passeriniana (Del Guercio)(Hemiptera: Aphididae) living on common sage in Turkey. Biodiversitas 19: 1319-1325. Aphis passeriniana (Del Guercio) (Hemiptera:Aphididae) living on sage plant in Turkey is already recorded, but some morphological characterizations are still needed to extend.Here, morphometrics data of A. passeriniana is described from apterous viviparous females (fundatrigeniae and fundatrices) attackingSalvia officinalis Linnaeus (Lamiaceae) in Turkey. Seventy specimens were collected in Izmir province between January 2015 andDecember 2017. The study revealed that apterous viviparous females of A. passeriniana turkish species have body lenght of 0.715-1.407mm, rostal segment IV+V of 1.80-2.49 × hind tibia II, antennae processus terminalis/base of 1.4-1.8, siphunculus of 0.56-1.56 × caudalength and cauda of 3-6 setae. Biometric data of alate viviparous and intermediate individual between apterous and oviparous, and also arevision of identification key for the species within aphid species in Salvia are consisted.

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Lee, Seung-Hwan. "A new genus, Codonopsimyzus, and two new species of macrosiphine aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from Korea." Canadian Entomologist 134, no. 5 (October 2002): 633–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent134633-5.

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AbstractCodonopsimyzus sasammi, gen.nov., sp.nov., and Aulacorthum ligularicola, sp.nov., are described from specimens collected in South Korea on Codonopsis lanceolata Trautv. (Campanulaceae) and Ligularia fischeri Tucz. (Asteraceae), respectively. Both species are illustrated with the biométrie data for apterous viviparous females and alate viviparous females. The host plants and a brief description of the biology are also provided for each species. A revised key to the species of the genus Aulacorthum Mordvilko in Korea and a key to Korean genera of macrosiphine aphids related to Codonopsimyzus, sp.nov., are presented.

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Korsgaard, Bodil. "Ammonia and Urea in the Maternal‐Fetal Trophic Relationship of the Viviparous Blenny (Eelpout)Zoarces viviparus." Physiological Zoology 70, no. 6 (November 1997): 712–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/515869.

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Robert, Kylie A., and Michael B. Thompson. "Viviparous lizard selects sex of embryos." Nature 412, no. 6848 (August 2001): 698–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35089135.

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Macías-Garcia, Constantino, and Elsa Saborío. "Sperm Competition in a Viviparous Fish." Environmental Biology of Fishes 70, no. 3 (July 2004): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:ebfi.0000033335.58813.fc.

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38

Miyoshi, Kazumaru, Eijoro Nakata, and Yasuo Nagato. "Characterization of Viviparous Mutants in Rice." Breeding Science 50, no. 3 (2000): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.50.207.

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BERMINGHAM, JOHN, and TOM L. WILKINSON. "Embryo nutrition in parthenogenetic viviparous aphids." Physiological Entomology 34, no. 2 (June 2009): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.2008.00669.x.

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40

Blackburn, Daniel G., and Howard E. Evans. "Why are there no Viviparous Birds?" American Naturalist 128, no. 2 (August 1986): 165–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/284552.

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41

Edwards, A., S. M. Jones, and N. Davies. "Steroid biosynthesis in a viviparous reptile." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 124 (August 1999): S112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1095-6433(99)90444-0.

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42

Huebner, Erwin, and Donald J. Lococo. "Oogenesis in a placental viviparous onychophoran." Tissue and Cell 26, no. 6 (December 1994): 867–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-8166(94)90037-x.

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43

Schindler, Joachim F., and William C. Hamlett. "Maternal-embryonic relations in viviparous teleosts." Journal of Experimental Zoology 266, no. 5 (August 1, 1993): 378–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.1402660506.

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44

Marongiu, Martina Francesca, Cristina Porcu, Noemi Pascale, Andrea Bellodi, Alessandro Cau, Antonello Mulas, Paola Pesci, Riccardo Porceddu, and Maria Cristina Follesa. "A Taxonomic Survey of Female Oviducal Glands in Chondrichthyes: A Comparative Overview of Microanatomy in the Two Reproductive Modes." Animals 11, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 2653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092653.

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Oviducal glands (OGs) are distinct expanded regions of the anterior portion of the oviduct, commonly found in chondrichthyans, which play a key role in the production of the egg in-vestments and in the female sperm storage (FSS). The FSS phenomenon has implications for understanding the reproductive ecology and management of exploited populations, but little information is available on its taxonomic extent. For the first time, mature OGs from three lecithotrophic oviparous and four yolk-sac viviparous species, all considered at risk from the fishing impacts in the central western Mediterranean Sea, were examined using light microscopy. The OG microanatomy, whose morphology is generally conserved in all species, shows differences within the two reproductive modalities. Oviparous species show a more developed baffle zone in respect to viviparous ones because of the production of different egg envelopes produced. Among oviparous species, Raja polystigma and Chimaera monstrosa show presence of sperm, but not sperm storage as observed, instead, in Galeus melastomus and in all the viviparous sharks, which preserve sperm inside of specialized structures in the terminal zone.

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45

Aragón-Gastélum, José Luis, Laura Yáñez-Espinosa, Erika Robles-Díaz, and Joel Flores. "Anatomical variations related to water conduction in viviparous and non-viviparous seedlings of Echinocactus platyacanthus (Cactaceae)." Flora 296 (November 2022): 152164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2022.152164.

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46

KANTURSKI, MARIUSZ, and SAMIRAN CHAKRABARTI. "Maculolachnus blackmani (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Lachninae)—a new aphid species from India and Pakistan with key to species of the genus." Zootaxa 5183, no. 1 (September 12, 2022): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5183.1.26.

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Apterous viviparous females of a new species of the Lachninae genus Maculolachnus Gaumont, 1920 from India and Pakistan are described here. The new species, Maculolachnus blackmani sp. nov. can be recognized among other representatives of this genus by stiff body setae with expanded or slightly flabellate apices in contrast to hair-like, fine and pointed setae in all other species. The similarities and differences from two other most common species of Maculolachnus—M. sijpkensi Hille Ris Lambers and M. submacula (Walker) have been compared. A key to apterous viviparous females of Maculolachnus is also presented.

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47

DARTNALL, ALAN J., MARIA BYRNE, JOHN COLLINS, and MICHAEL W. HART. "A new viviparous species of asterinid (Echinodermata, Asteroidea,Asterinidae) and a new genus to accommodate the species of pantropical exiguoid sea stars." Zootaxa 359, no. 1 (November 19, 2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.359.1.1.

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This paper describes a new species of viviparous, intragonadal brooder of asterinid sea star and clarifies the identities of Patiriella pseudoexigua Dartnall 1971, the species Patiriella pseudoexigua sensu Chen and Chen (1992) and Patiriella pseudoexigua pacifica (Hayashi, 1977). The latter is raised to specific rank. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA supports the concept of a pan-tropical assemblage of species for which a new genus, Cryptasterina, is created. All species in Cryptasterina are morphologically similar and comprise species with planktonic, lecithotrophic, non-feeding larvae, and viviparous outlier species with limited distributions. The full diversity of this species diaspora remains to be resolved.

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Surget-Groba, Yann, Jean Deunff, Danielle Garnier, and Benoît Heulin. "Plasma levels of estradiol during vitellogenesis and early gestation in oviparous and viviparous Lacerta (Zootoca) vivipara." Amphibia-Reptilia 29, no. 1 (2008): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853808783431479.

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Abstract The evolution of viviparity in lizards and snakes is always associated with a reduction of the eggshell membrane. There is strong evidence indicating that estradiol is the primary factor involved in seasonal development of the uterine glands in preparation for eggshelling. However, the hypothesis that the thinner eggshells of viviparous species could be the consequence of lower pre-ovulatory levels of circulating estradiol has not been tested. In a previous histological study we showed that the pre-ovulatory growth of the uterine shell glands is significantly more pronounced in oviparous than in viviparous females of the lizard Lacerta (Zootoca) vivipara. During the current study we assayed plasma levels of estradiol before and during vitellogenesis and during early gestation. We did not find any significant difference of estradiol concentrations between oviparous and viviparous females. In both reproductive forms the plasma estradiol concentration was significantly higher during late vitellogenesis than during early gestation. Future research should address whether variation in the growth of the uterine shell glands could be predominantly mediated by modification affecting estrogen receptors of the uterus rather than by concentration of the circulating hormone.

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Parsley, Laura M., Erik Wapstra, and Susan M. Jones. "In utero exposure to the oestrogen mimic diethylstilbestrol disrupts gonadal development in a viviparous reptile." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 7 (2015): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd13411.

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The ubiquitous presence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment is of major concern. Studies on oviparous reptiles have significantly advanced knowledge in this field; however, 30% of reptilian species are viviparous (live-bearing), a parity mode in which both yolk and a placenta support embryonic development, thus exposure to EDCs may occur via multiple routes. In this first study of endocrine disruption in a viviparous lizard (Niveoscincus metallicus), we aimed to identify effects of the oestrogen mimic diethylstilbestrol (DES) on gonadal development. At the initiation of sexual differentiation, pregnant N. metallicus were treated with a single dose of DES at 100 or 10 µg kg–1, a vehicle solvent or received no treatment. There was no dose-response effect, but the testes of male neonates born to DES-exposed mothers showed reduced organisation of seminiferous tubules and a lack of germ cells compared with those from control groups. The ovaries of female neonates born to DES-exposed mothers exhibited phenotypic abnormalities of ovarian structure, oocytes and follicles compared with controls. The results indicate that, in viviparous lizards, maternal exposure to oestrogenic EDCs during gestation may have profound consequences for offspring reproductive fitness.

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Heide, O. M. "Environmental Control of Flowering and Viviparous Proliferation in Seminiferous and Viviparous Arctic Populations of Two Poa Species." Arctic and Alpine Research 21, no. 3 (August 1989): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1551570.

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