Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vivezza'
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KILINC, GORKEM. "Formal Notions of Non-interference and Liveness for Distributed Systems." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/102363.
Full textThe thesis provides a formal framework for liveness and security of distributed systems. It proposes new approaches for defining secure and serviceable systems, and discusses associated model-checking methods. In modeling distributed systems, we assume that components are classified as either 'service provider' or 'user'. The actions performed in the system are either observable by the users or hidden internal actions. A service provider is responsible for providing a reliable service to the users and protection of sensitive information. Regarding the serviceability, the thesis examines distributed systems in which an attacker can try to break down the system and provides a novel notion of liveness called 'observable liveness' which guarantees that the service provider will continue to give the requested services to the users. In the observable liveness setting, we give the control of some observable actions to the user. Intuitively, a distributed system is observably live if, whatever state is reached, a user can force the system to get the requested service by using the controllable actions. This notion is formalized with '1-safe' Petri nets, its properties are studied and it is compared with the classical liveness notion. The thesis also discusses a possible application of infinite games on finite graphs for checking observable liveness. On the security side, the thesis considers information flow and non-interference. It provides several new notions of non-interference for Petri nets, and compares them with notions already proposed in the literature. In the considered setting, the transitions of a Petri net are partitioned into two disjoint sets: the 'low' (observable) and the 'high' (unobservable/hidden) transitions. The attacker knows the structure of the system and tries to deduce information about the high transitions by observing the low transitions. A Petri net is considered 'secure', or 'free from interference', if, from the observation of the occurrence of a low transition, or a set of low transitions, it is not possible to infer information on the occurrence of a high transition. The new non-interference notions rely on net unfolding and on two new relation families among transitions called 'reveals' and 'excludes'. The thesis discusses two methods for checking non-interference. The first method is based on translating the underlying relations, reveals and excludes, into LTL and applying LTL model-checking methods. The second method is based on computing the reveals and the excludes relations on finite prefixes of unfoldings.
Aliaga, Tejeda Hernán. "Nuevas subjetividades transgresivas : un estudio sobre la viveza postcriolla." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/4972.
Full textTesis
Suzuki, Ai. "Conservation of Large-spotted Civet Viverra megaspila in Northern Cambodia." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/227655.
Full textKyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(地域研究)
甲第20732号
地博第223号
新制||地||82(附属図書館)
京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科東南アジア地域研究専攻
(主査)教授 岩田 明久, 准教授 山越 言, 准教授 古澤 拓郎, 教授 神﨑 護
学位規則第4条第1項該当
ANDRADE, Ana Paula Guedes de. "A casa de vivenda do Sítio São Bento de Jaguaribe : uma reconstituição arqueológica." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2006. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/565.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
O trabalho tem como objeto de estudo a casa de vivenda dos monges beneditinos na Fazenda de São Bento de Jaguaribe, localizada no litoral norte de Pernambuco, antiga Sesmaria Jaguaribe, propriedade dos beneditinos do século XVII ao XIX. Procurou-se analisar o programa de moradia rural do período colonial, identificando os espaços, formas e materiais. Neste estudo abordou-se o problema da adequação dos espaços arquitetônicos ao modus vivendi do proprietário. Trabalhou-se com a hipótese de que a moradia teria um programa diferenciado, de acordo com o modus vivendi. A Arqueologia Histórica, através da Arqueologia da Arquitetura, forneceu os fundamentos básicos para a pesquisa, que abrangeu três etapas: Pesquisa bibliográfica nos documentos escritos pelos próprios beneditinos e na literatura (documentos, mapas e iconografias) sobre o papel e atuação dos monges na Colônia e a arquitetura de casas de vivenda na área rural, no período colonial, realizada em bibliotecas e centros de documentação de Pernambuco; Escavação da área do estudo (unidade habitacional), dividida em quadrículas de 4 m² e estas subdividas em quadrantes de 1 m²; Análise do objeto de estudo, identificando que a casa tinha o formato em L, constituída por 7 ambientes, ocupando uma área de 380m². Os ambientes amplos caracterizam espaços diferenciados daqueles encontrados no levantamento realizado sobre as casas-grandes pesquisadas do período colonial. O fato do modus-vivendi dos monges ser voltado para a catequese, a educação e a hospitalidade sugere que a dimensão destes ambientes era adequada à necessidade do dia-a-dia dos religiosos. O resultado da pesquisa indica que, apesar do uso da edificação ser o de moradia, o programa apresenta-se diferenciado em relação às casas de vivenda já estudadas, levando a acreditar que o programa de moradia é definido de acordo com o modus-vivendi do usuário, o que confirma a hipótese levantada. A pesquisa da casa de vivenda da Fazenda de São Bento de Jaguaribe não pode ser considerada como conclusiva sobre o tema A arquitetura de moradias rurais no período colonial . No entanto, servirá de referência a outros trabalhos a serem desenvolvidos, minimizando a grande lacuna existente na história da arquitetura e da sociedade, neste período
Silva, Bruno do Carmo. "Viveka: a razão discriminativa e seu caráter soteriológico segundo a filosofia de Śaṅkarācārya." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2018. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6686.
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O principal objetivo deste trabalho é investigar e compreender a natureza e a operacionalidade da razão discriminativa (viveka) no empreendimento soteriológico da tradição Advaita Vedānta, principalmente nas obras do filósofo indiano Śaṅkarācārya (séc. VIII), seu maior expoente. Seus tratados (prakaraṇas) e seus comentários (bhāṣyas) destacam a relação entre ātman e Brahman conforme revelada pelos Upaniṣads, que são os textos conclusivos dos Vedas, i.e, sua porção final (vedānta). Os Vedas constituem o cânone literário referente à Revelação védica (śruti), que é o fundamento sagrado da religiosidade indiana. Segundo Śaṅkarācārya, é a ignorância (avidyā) que aprisiona o sujeito, fazendo dele um ser circunstancialmente marcado pelo sofrimento (duḥkha). Portanto, essa condição circunstancial de sofrimento só pode ser superada libertando-se da ignorância. A libertação (mokṣa) da ignorância depende totalmente da presença e da orientação de um mestre (guru/ācārya) consagrado pela tradição, aqui neste caso, pela tradição Advaita Vedānta. Assim, é através do mestre que o discípulo (śiṣya) recebe os ensinamentos upaniṣádicos que conduzem à libertação.
The main objective of this work is to investigate and understand the nature and operability of the discriminative reason (viveka) in the soteriological knowledge of the Advaita Vedānta tradition. This investigation will mainly take place through the works of the Indian philosopher Śaṅkarācārya (séc. VIII), the greatest exponent of the Advaita Vedānta tradition. The treatises (prakaraṇas) and the commentaries (bhāṣyas) of Śaṅkarācārya highlight the relationship between ātman and Brahman; the final portion of the Vedas (vedānta), the Upaniṣads, reveals this relationship. The Vedas constitute the literary canon referring to the Vedic Revelation (śruti), which is the sacred foundation of Indian religiosity. According to Śaṅkarācārya, the ignorance (avidyā) imprisons the subject, and then this ignorance makes the subject circumstantially marked by suffering (duḥkha). Therefore, the overcoming of this circumstantial condition of suffering happens only when the subject becomes free from ignorance. The liberation (mokṣa) of ignorance depends entirely on the presence and guidance of a teacher (guru/ācārya) consecrated by the some tradition – in the case of this study, by the Advaita Vedānta tradition. Thus, is through the teacher that the disciple (śiṣya) receives the upanishadic teachings that leads to liberation.
Soto, Ganoza Carla Alejandra, Tokashiki Daniela Cornejo, Zapata Fransheny Linda Beatriz Vilchez, Caceres Ruth Liliana Quispe, and Mendoza Fernando Miguel Eslava. "Proyecto Hazla Linda: Cambio de percepción sobre la cultura de la viveza en jóvenes de 4to y 5to de secundaria del Colegio Parroquial San Norberto de La Victoria, Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/18984.
Full textThe health crisis and labour informality have demonstrated the need to work on social norms and, in specific, on the beliefs behind infringement practices. Thus, this investigation presents the diagnosis and design of the project called “Hazla Linda”, which aims to promote the rejection of attitudes and practices related to the creole cleverness1, understood as acts of mischief that seek to manipulate situations for the sole personal benefit in order to gain an immediate advantage (Mejía, 2019). For this purpose, the following communication problem was raised: the validation of the cultura de la viveza from non-compliance with citizen regulations in spaces of social interaction by fourth and fifth high school teenagers from San Norberto High School in the district of La Victoria, Lima, Peru. The project works with two aspects of the creole cleverness concept: negative cleverness and positive cleverness. The first one related to the already mentioned concept about personal benefit, and the second one associated with the use of aspects such as cunning, creativity and speed but for common and social benefit. The collection of information uses a mixed methodology, so tools are designed from a quantitative and qualitative approach. Furthermore, it proposes the implementation of five activities that meet the specific objectives of the project. The strategies used are based on a ludic methodology, as well as from a participatory, critical and self-critical approach. Finally, it is important to note that the project is designed to be implemented both from virtuality and from face-to-face workshops that can be incorporated into classrooms. Regarding the sustainability of the project, the involvement of actors such as teachers and school authorities should be highlighted to allow their incorporation.
Puig, Tàrrech Roser. "Propietat immobiliària i accés a la vivenda en una ciutat en plena expansió demogràfica i econòmica. Reus a la segona meitat del segle XVIII." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8612.
Full textReus esdevé la capital comercial i econòmica del sud de Catalunya, amb un hinterland que abarca bona part del Camp de Tarragona, el Priorat, la Conca de Barberà, i s'allarga cap a la Ribera d'Ebre, Urgell i les Garrigues. És un centre generador de riquesa, que permet a un conjunt de comerciants acumular capitals i esdevenir nobles, i és focus d'atracció de l'excedent de mà d'obra rural.
La classe dirigent local és també la més poderosa econòmicament i té un objectiu clar: fer la ciutat gran i moderna, i a la vegada beneficiar-se'n. Una de les vies d'assolir-ho, serà invertint en obra pública; un altre, exercint un control de les competències pròpies (tot el que afecta el sòl públic); i la que ens ha ocupat, afavorir la construcció d'habitatge, perquè els nouvinguts puguin sumar les xifres de veïns de Reus. Hem estudiat l'accés a l'habitatge a través de tres fonts documentals: la notarial (compravendes), la municipal (llibres d'acords, cadastres) i la parroquial (llibretes de combregants, sagramentals), sense descuidar els fons patrimonials.
L'oferta de vivendes arriba de la mà de la iniciativa privada, previ permís o trabes governamentals. Reus creix horitzontalment, ampliant abastament l'ocupació de l'espai urbà, i de forma radial, a l'entorn del centre neuràlgic, la plaça del Mercadal, on el dilluns arriben milers de persones del rerepaís per a comprar i vendre. Es posa sòl a disposició de la construcció mitjançant la creació de censals sobre el seu preu, amb una mena d'establiment.
Des de principis de segle el creixement és evident, seguint una dinàmica iniciada en el segle anterior, que s'accelera a partir del 1750, i que continuarà en el posterior. La particularitat és l'oferta, que respon a la demanda d'habitatge popular, cases unifamiliars, d'uns 40 metres quadrats de planta, amb façanes de 3 o 4 metres, que reparteixen l'espai en alçada, amb tres o quatre pisos. Espai reduït, però aprofitat i desitjat pels reusencs, que aspiren a accedir a la plena propietat de la seva llar. L'interès del censal, al 3% des del 1750, en serà una de les claus. La forma de pagament de les cases a finals de segle es formalitza davant de notari en un 50% en censal, un 25% en debitori i un 25% en metàl·lic. La segona forma d'accedir a l'habitatge és l'arrendament, que només afecta a un 30% dels immobles, que permet una gran mobilitat individual i presenta una estabilitat al llarg del segle, tant d'oferta com de preus, en no haver-hi pressió de demanda, excepte en les cases-botiga del Mercadal i carrers adjacents.
Les expectatives del creixement de l'activitat constructora fan atractives les inversions i que aquesta vagi agafant una autonomia. En el negoci de la construcció podem parlar de tres agents: els urbanitzadors, els promotors i els intermediaris. Entre els primers distingim els antics propietaris dels horts, els especuladors i les institucions. Els qui tenen gairebé l'exclusivitat són els segons, molts d'ells pertanyents a l'elit governant. N'estudiem un exemple, els Freixa. Els promotors són els qui construeixen el pati per a vendre'l: alguns mestres de cases actuen d'empresaris, però no són menys els particulars (comerciants i mestres artesans) que fan de la promoció una forma d'inversió. Finalment, els intermediaris o agents immobiliaris són els qui n'obtenen més guanys, amb comissions de l'ordre del 33,33%.
A principis del segle següent, el mercat es professionalitza més i s'aprecien petits canvis: una lenta concentració de la propietat, un increment dels arrendaments urbans i l'aparició de les cases de pisos.
In the 18th century, Reus played an active role in Catalonia's demographic, economic and urban growth, becoming the Principality's second city, growing from some 4,000 to 16,000 inhabitants by 1802. The expansion began in the previous century, with the development of industrial manufacturing activities for wool, leather, esparto and pottery; and in the 18th century with a decisive switch to silk (which took the place of wool) and spirits, Catalan trade that used Salou as its port for exports.
Reus became the commercial and economic capital of southern Catalonia, with a hinterland that included a good part of Camp de Tarragona, Priorat and Conca de Barberà areas and reached as far as Ribera d'Ebre, Urgell and Garrigues areas. It was a wealth-generating centre, which allowed a group of tradesmen to accumulate capital and become nobility, and it was a magnet for the surplus rural workforce.
The local governing class was also the most powerful economically and had one clear objective: to make the city bigger and more modern, whilst also benefiting themselves. One of the ways to achieve this was to invest in public works; another was to control the areas they were responsible for (all that affecting public land), and that which we have looked at here, encouraging the construction of housing, so that the newcomers could add to Reus's population statistics. We have studied the access to housing via three documentary sources: notary (purchases), municipal (agreement ledgers, cadastres) and parish (records of church-goers), alongside records of assets.
The housing put on sale came from private initiatives, following governmental paperwork or permits. Reus grew horizontally, with an important spread of occupation of urban land, and radially, around the nerve centre, Mercadal Square, where thousands of people from the surrounding area came each Monday to buy and sell. Land was made available for construction with the creation of annuities on the price, with a form of taxation.
The growth was obvious from the start of the century, following on from the trend set in the previous century, and accelerating from 1750 onwards and continuing on into the next century. A unique factor was the supply, which responded to the demand for affordable housing; family homes, with 40 square metres per floor, facades 3 or 4 metres across, spreading the space on different levels, over three or four stories. Small spaces, but spaces that the people wanted and made the most of. They represented the homes that they wanted to own. Annuity interest, 3% from 1750, played an important part. The method of payment for these houses at the end of the century was formalised before a notary with 50% as an annuity, 25% as a loan and 25% in cash. The second way of accessing housing was via a lease, only the case for 30% of properties, which allowed for a high level of individual mobility. It remained stable throughout the century, both in terms of the supply and the prices, as there was no pressure in terms of the demand, apart from the house-shops on Mercadal Square and the nearby streets.
The growth forecasts for construction activities meant that investments were attractive and that they could achieve a degree of independence. There were three agents in the construction business: urban developers, property developers and intermediaries. In the first group, we can distinguish between former owners of farmland, speculators and the institutions. Those who had an almost exclusive hold on matters were the second, many of whom belonged to the governing elite. We shall study one example, the Freixa family. The property developers were those who prepared the land to then sell: some of the developers were businesspeople, but there was an equal number of private individuals (tradesmen and craftsmen) who developed land as a form of investment. Finally, the intermediaries or property agents were those who made the most profit, with commissions of around 33.33%.
At the start of the following century, the market became more professional and small changes became noticeable: a slow concentration of the property, an increase in urban leases and the appearance of apartment buildings.
Carrau, Carbonell Teresa. "LA CONSERVACIÓN DE LA CASA COMO PATRIMONIO. VIVIENDAS UNIFAMILIARES DE ALEJANDRO DE LA SOTA." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/106973.
Full text"Form follows function". An essential property of the architecture of the Twentieth Century and in particular of the architecture of Alejandro de la Sota, is that the form is the result of the function, the volume responds to the resolution of the needs of man. Therefore, it is worrying that a high percentage of Modern Movement icon houses are nowadays museums of themselves. Within the framework of the Heritage Conservation of the 20th century, the theme of the single-family dwelling is analyzed and the possibility of preserving the house as heritage and as domestic architecture in use is investigated. The four single-family houses of Alejandro de la Sota, Master of Modern Spanish Architecture: Casa Velázquez (1959), Casa Varela (1964), Casa Guzmán (1972) and Casa Domínguez (1976) are chosen as experimental objects. Firstly, as an approximation to the object of study, an overview of the debate about the conservation criteria of the 20th century heritage, is developed reflecting on themes such as the preservation of the patina, the image or the original materiality. These issues are analyzed in three Italian houses of the first half of the 20th century, which are currently used as housing; Villa Necchi (1935), Villa Bianca (1937) and Villa Figini (1935), with the intention of extracting information about the possibilities to reconcile architectural heritage with domestic use. With this previous view, the four houses of the Spanish Master are analyzed, master works in the Modern Spanish Architecture and icons because they are "test tubes of big experiences". The original and current state of each of them is reviewed in depth. With these data a comparative study is established from which there are extracted data regarding the validity of the houses as domestic spaces and in terms of their conservation as heritage. As a result, answers are obtained regarding the possibility of maintaining a house in use safeguarding it as heritage, and as regards the methodology of previous study, essential to any intervention in the houses of the Modern Movement to ensure its conservation as architectural heritage.
"Form follows function". Una propietat essencial de l'arquitectura del segle XX i en particular de l'arquitectura d'Alejandro de la Sota, és que la forma és resultat de la funció, l'envolvent respon a la resolució de les necessitats de l'home. Per això, no deixa de ser qüestionable que un alt percentatge de les vivendes unifamiliars icona del Moviment Modern siguen hui en dia museus de si mateixes. Dins del marc de la Conservació del Patrimoni del segle XX, s'estudia el tema de la vivenda unifamiliar i s'investiga sobre la possibilitat de conservar la casa com a patrimoni i com a arquitectura domèstica en ús. Es tria com a objecte d'experimentació les quatre cases unifamiliars d'Alejandro de la Sota, Mestre de l'Arquitectura Moderna Espanyola: Casa Velázquez (1959) , Casa Varela (1964) , Casa Guzmán (1972) i Casa Domínguez (1976) . En primer lloc, com a aproximació a fi d'estudi, s'elabora una panoràmica del debat, iniciat a finals del segle passat, sobre els criteris de conservació de les obres del segle XX, reflexionant sobre temes com la conservació de la pàtina, la imatge o la materialitat original. S'analitzen estes qüestions en tres cases italianes de la primera mitat el segle XX, que en l'actualitat s'utilitzen com a vivenda; Vila Necchi (1935) , Vila Bianca (1937) i Vila Figini (1935) , amb la intenció d'extraure les possibilitats de compatibilitzar el patrimoni arquitectònic amb l'ús domèstic. Amb aquest horitzó previ, s'analitzen les quatre vivendes del Mestre Espanyol, obres clau en l'Arquitectura Moderna Espanyola i icones per tractar-se de "tubos de ensayos de grandes experiencias". Es revisa en profunditat l'estat original i actual de cada una d'elles. Amb aquestes dades s'establix un estudi comparatiu del que s'extrauen dades en quant a la vigència de les cases com a espais domèstics i respecte a la seua conservació com a patrimoni. Com a resultat, s'obtenen respostes en quant a la possibilitat de mantindre una vivenda en ús salvaguardant-la com a patrimoni i respecte a la metodologia d'estudi prèvia i imprescindible a qualsevol intervenció en les cases del Moviment Modern per a assegurar la seua conservació com a bé d'interés arquitectònic i cultural.
Carrau Carbonell, T. (2018). LA CONSERVACIÓN DE LA CASA COMO PATRIMONIO. VIVIENDAS UNIFAMILIARES DE ALEJANDRO DE LA SOTA [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/106973
TESIS
Hernández, de Treviño Elda Margarita. "El problema de la vivienda marginal en México. El caso de los asentamientos humanos periféricos en el sur de Tamaulipas, México." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1960.
Full textLa tesis se estructura de dos partes: la primera presenta los fundamentos de la investigación, la segunda es la presentación del ámbito estudiado y el estudio de caso. Cada parte está integrada por tres capítulos.
El capítulo primero contextualiza el crecimiento urbano en América Latina y México, así como los problemas generados por este crecimiento, desarrollando un marco de referencia de la pobreza, a partir de los enfoques teóricos existentes para medirla, finalizando con el tema de los asentamientos humanos marginales, su formación y características, los pronunciamientos internacionales y el marco jurídico en México sobre el tema.
En el segundo capítulo se presentan los fundamentos teóricocontextuales de la vivienda, abordando la definición que se le da a esta, se revisan los pronunciamientos internacionales que sobre el derecho a la vivienda se han emitido y las políticas habitacionales en América Latina y se presenta el panorama de la vivienda en México y una breve aproximación a los estudios sobre el tema.
El tercer capítulo trata el tema de la vivienda marginal y su relación con la sustentabilidad urbana. Se presentan reflexiones sobre el problema de la vivienda marginal en México y América Latina, y sus diferentes características y patologías, centrándonos en el caso de la vivienda marginal ubicada en la periferia de los tiraderos a cielo abierto de la zona sur de Tamaulipas.
En el capítulo cuarto, se describe la zona metropolitana del sur de Tamaulipas, así como los antecedentes sobre la vivienda en la zona y el caso particular de los asentamientos marginales. Se describe el problema de los vertidos de basura en los tiraderos a cielo abierto en la zona de estudio.
En el quinto capítulo se reseña la metodología aplicada al estudio, se describen las técnicas e instrumentos utilizados y los asentamientos objeto de nuestro estudio. También se explica el desarrollo del trabajo de campo, y se presentan los resultados.
En el capítulo sexto, se expone el análisis e interpretación de los resultados y se intenta interpretar el fenómeno en base a los datos obtenidos a partir de los cuales se concluye que, los barrios marginales en México en su mayoría se originan en asentamientos irregulares o ilegales y éstos son un problema arraigado que ha sido construido y fomentado por las mismas autoridades.
Se concluye que mientras no existan esfuerzos integrados que trabajen de manera continua para abatir la marginalidad, la formación de asentamientos irregulares seguirá dándose como consecuencia del dinámico crecimiento urbano en las ciudades, además de que las urbanizaciones ofertan vivienda con infraestructura y servicios a un costo inalcanzable para los pobres y marginados de esa población, por lo que para sobrevivir, recurren a otras alternativas como habitar terrenos baratos en las periferias de las ciudades, en sitios de riesgo y vulnerabilidad y en la periferia de basureros.
Se proponen dos aspectos para el mejoramiento de las condiciones de las familias que habitan en estos asentamientos marginales. Uno es el de sanear de manera completa los ex basureros a cielo abierto en la zona Sur de Tamaulipas, mediante las normas oficiales mexicanas. Otro es diseñar un proyecto integral de desarrollo social y urbano sustentable.
In Mexico, urban growth and lack of planning caused large territorial imbalances. In that sense there are many challenges; one of the most troubling is the housing, lack of infrastructure and access to basic services for poor people living in precarious urban settlements. There are many characteristics of poverty in urban areas, the interest of this research is the marginal housing located on the periphery of the open air dumps.
The thesis is structured in two parts: the first presents the basics of research. The second part is the presentation of the area studied and the case study. Each part consists of three chapters. The first chapter contextualizes the urban growth in Latin America and Mexico as well as the problems generated by this growth. In the second chapter presents the theoretical-context of housing. The third chapter addresses the issue of marginal housing and its relationship to urban sustainability, focusing on the marginal case of housing located on the periphery of the open-air dumps in the south of Tamaulipas. The fourth chapter describes the metropolitan area of southern Tamaulipas and the background on housing in the area and the particular case of squatter settlements. In the fifth chapter outlines the methodology applied to the study, describes the techniques and tools used and the object of our study settlements. In the sixth chapter, setting out the analysis and interpretation of results and tries to interpret the phenomenon is based on the data obtained.
Finally it was concluded that slums in Mexico originate mostly in informal settlements or illegal and they are an entrenched problem that has been built and promoted by the authorities themselves. Two aspects are proposed to improve the conditions of families living in these squatter settlements.
Lilja-Svensson, Margareta. "Landsortsdeckare - den nya hembygdslitteraturen? : Analys av tre deckarserier från Sandhamn, Kiruna och Öland." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för film och litteratur (IFL), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26788.
Full textParra, Torres Venancio. "La protección del consumidor en el contrato de compraventa de vivienda en construcción." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/144663.
Full textOBJECTIVES: A critical analysis of the protection provided to the consumer during the purchase of property. This thesis studies the legislative and case-law configuration of the figure of the consumer and the public, within the field of consumer rights, focusing on the special attention afforded by legislators on property acquisition contracts. Once the scope of action has been defined, the various issues that can arise during the development of the contract will be analysed, without forgetting the consequences of breaches of contract, where the study takes on a more dynamic dimension. Additionally, an analysis of the different efforts that are made to protect the consumer will be carried out, concentrating on the coordination of said efforts. And finally, the varied alternative systems to the jurisdictional channels for solving possible conflicts that could potentially arise between the intervening parties will be examined. METHODOLOGY: Analysis of the current legislation (regional, state, and autonomous community, focusing particularly on the regions of Murcia and Alicante), viewed from an historical perspective and through comparison with neighbouring countries. Furthermore, the diverse doctrinal tendencies that the principal topics have analysed will be presented, as well as the court rulings that have solved the practical problems that the objective of this thesis presents. RESULTS: 16 conclusions will be reached, which analyse specific aspects, where the author will present the conclusions to the critical reflections make throughout the study. In this regard, the idea that the level of legislative protection is rather high comes to the forefront, although it is somewhat lacking due to the difficulty in coordinating the regulatory framework and due to the traditional tendency of the courts to solve the problems stemming from consumer relations basing themselves entirely on the Civil Code. Similarly, a more active posture needs to be adopted on the part of the notaries and registrars with regard to the defense of consumer rights. The application of TRLGDCU to small business owners who ACT on the fringes of their corporate or professional activity is emphasized, and the different responses that the legislator offers are ananlysed, depending on whether TRLGDCU or LDGC is applied. Moreover, the specific aspects of certain situations, consequence of the lack of coordination between real estate records and record of deeds, are studied. The importance of the date of completion of building works is confirmed, as is the obligation to guarantee the installments paid, making evident the overcoming of the traditional precedence criteria. The varying common clauses in real estate contracts will be analysed with respect to their compatibility with consumer regulations as well as the consequences of their inclusion in the contracts. The use of alternatives to the judicial channels for the resolution of conflicts arising between the consumer-buyer and the seller-corporation is upheld. In this way, a significant compromise on the part of the public powers that be is considered necessary, to promote these alternative systems as ideal instruments for the defense of the interests of the consumer.
Machado, Fernando Eugenio Cabral de Paula. "Arquitectura institucional y pedagogía de habilitación social : interpretación del desarrollo de la arquitectura de reformatorio en el contexto socio cultural brasileño." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/246651.
Full textEl presente trabajo refleja la extensión de una preocupación personal iniciada con mi proyecto de final de curso en el año 2000. En ese momento, para la graduación y obtención del título de Arquitecto y Urbanista por el Centro Universitário Moura Lacerda en Brasil, propuse un edificio destinado a la infancia y juventud en situación de riesgo social. Como consecuencia de este proyecto me acerqué a la problemática social relacionada a la infancia y juventud en situación de conflicto con la justicia en régimen de privación de libertad, y percibí una realidad relegada a los márgenes de las políticas públicas, dejada a la deriva en el proceso de exclusión social debido a los cambios de la estructura social del país. Como arquitecto sentí la necesidad social de involucrarme en dicha temática, consciente (o no tan consciente) de las dificultades que envolvería la pesquisa de un tema relacionado con la Seguridad Nacional. Decidí entrar en el programa de Doctorado (Proyectos Arquitectónicos) con objetivo de relacionar la arquitectura y la pedagogía de rehabilitación social y de reconocer el desarrollo del edificio y su relación con su propósito social. Más allá del desarrollo de un análisis técnico del edificio, mi intención es entender y relacionar el proceso del objeto arquitectónico con el propósito de su necesidad social, consciente de que la arquitectura de estas características debe estar estrictamente ligada con la metodología pedagógica específica para su función, en este caso la rehabilitación del individuo de cara a la sociedad. Para esta comprensión es imprescindible conocer la relación del espacio, tiempo y arquitectura, y así relacionar el desarrollo tipológico del edificio a los condicionantes del contexto y de la estructura socio-cultural de cada período (condicionantes legislativos, pedagógicos y arquitectónicos). Parto de la base evidente de que el desarrollo de la tipología del objeto arquitectónico está relacionado al desarrollo de la estructura social de la sociedad. El edificio se amolda a los ideales sociales de cada época, y así se transforma en registro histórico de su contexto temporal. Este trabajo, de acuerdo a los criterios del autor, busca en los análisis interpretativos la comprobación y el enfrentamiento crítico de estas dos disciplinas: arquitectura y pedagogía, aparentemente distantes pero totalmente complementarias al estar vinculadas en el tema en cuestión. Serán objeto de análisis interpretativo, proyectos arquitectónicos de carácter institucional con propósito de privación de libertad. El objetivo es investigar modelos arquitectónicos en momentos distintos de la historia y relacionarlos con sus contextos con la intención de identificar de manera clara el proceso de desarrollo del objeto arquitectónico. En este análisis se identifica el territorio de la arquitectura en su proceso de asistencia a la juventud en conflicto con la ley, se comprueba la importancia del discurso pedagógico en la poética del proyecto, y se demuestra como las cuestiones vinculadas a la seguridad, control y vigilancia del espacio pasan a dominar la tipología técnica del edificio. Mientras, la propuesta pedagógica y las condiciones del desarrollo de sus propósitos pasan a un segundo plano mostrando la problemática referente al diálogo entre forma (espacio físico) y función (rehabilitación social)
Álvarez, Quiñones Angélica. "Espacios en transición : autoproducción de la casa urbana en Mérida, México." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/248379.
Full textEl Programa de Asentamientos Humanos de Naciones Unidas prevé que hacia el año 2030, el número de habitantes en asentamientos urbanos autoproducidos (slums para UN-HABITAT) alcanzará los 2 billones. Estos lugares tienen una definición clásica: hacinamiento, vivienda pobre o informal, inaccesibilidad a la sanidad y al agua potable e inseguridad de la propiedad. El problema de la definición de los asentamientos autoproducidos es que, aunque las caracteristicas físicas de la pobreza son comunes, los aspectos sociales que la definen localmente no lo son. Este trabajo muestra que la construcción histórica de las diferencias sociales es un proceso local con influencias globales, manifestado a través de las edificaciones: formas subjetivadas y objetivadas de la cultura. Si la cultura puede entenderse como grupo de creencias y prácticas contextualizados históricamente bajo pautas de significado, aquí analizamos el sentido que tiene la autoproducción de casas urbanas en un caso particular, Mérida, México, con el fin de dar luces para la interpretación del fenómeno en otros contextos. Para ello, empleamos la noción de modernidad como un puente entre la cultura, la arquitectura yla autoproducción de casas urbanas. Entre los numerosos elementos que conforman un concepto general de modernidad, elegimos tres de sus dimensiones para organizaren categorías analíticas nuestras observaciones: la ciudad como espacio físico de lo moderno, la exaltación de la privacidad como lugar de la individualidad; y el consumo como forma de participación en el espacio social. Bajo estas dimensiones, se agrupan una serie de prácticas constructivas que no se pueden observar más que bajo una noción de la modernidad como concepto ambivalente. La modernidad, cuyos elementos son lo nuevo, el progreso, la ciencia hecha tecnologia y el orden urbano, suele entenderse como el polo contrario de los contextos de autoproducción de casas urbanas, contextos de la tradición, la pobreza, el atraso, la desocupación y el desorden. Pero en lugar de considerar el fenómeno de la autoproducción como opuesto o fuera de la modernidad, lo entendemos como parte de ella, como la otra cara de una misma moneda, donde lo urbano remite a lo rural; lo privado a lo público, lo individual a lo colectivo y la autoproducción al consumo. Los polos son las referencias de lo deseable y lo deleznable al decidir sobre la forma de la casa autoproducida. Todo espacio se edifica bajo un proyecto, un proceso mental de toma de decisiones, de elecciones para distanciarse o acercarse al grupo social al que se pertenece. La edificación es una acción y un producto de la cultura, su liga con el tiempo le hace un objeto dinámico, siempre en movimiento. Pero algunos espacios, como la casa autoproducida, manifiestan especialmente, a través de la transformación de sus formas, una cambiante identidad de sus ocupantes. La idea de la casa autoproducida como un espacio en transición, es la idea de que a través de la transformación del territorio, los ocupantes de suelo ilegal en la ciudad emprenden un camino de transición entre las dimensiones ambivalentes de la modernidad. La casa urbana autoproducida es un espacio en transición. Se encuentra siempre en un momento de cambio, persiguiendo el inagotable modelo de la casa urbana y moderna al tiempo que añora y recrea todas las casas del pasado: las de la infancia, las del origen rural, las del patrón, las casas de la ciudad
Michelutti, Enrico. "An institutional approach to urban fragmentation : power and sustainability in un-recognized settlements of Mumbai." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145690.
Full textBotelho, Azevedo Alda. "Housing and family dynamics in southern Europe." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400479.
Full textDuring the second half of the twentieth century, housing preferences towards homeownership converged in the majority of European countries. By the turn of the millennium, homeownership was the leading housing tenure in southern Europe. Taking this into consideration, this thesis aims to improve our understanding of the interrelationship between housing tenure, household formation and fertility in the beginning of the twenty-first century. With a focus on southern Europe, this thesis performs a comparative analysis guided by three objectives: (1) to explore the distinctive feature of the southern European housing system regarding homeownership and household formation patterns; (2) to explain the recent evolution of housing tenure distribution while accounting for individual and contextual factors; and (3) to analyse the role of housing tenure status in fertility. To tackle the first objective, this thesis uses cluster analysis with the European Union Statistics of Income and Living Conditions data to test the factors contributing to the homogeneity of the southern European housing system in the beginning of the twenty-first century. Additionally, by estimating logistic regression models, this thesis highlights the significance of heterogeneous patterns within the southern European group. Furthermore, the assumption that the homeownership rates in southern Europe are high is challenged using renewed measures of tenure rates that take the level of household formation into account. Regarding household patterns formation, by means of multinomial probit regression models, this thesis provides innovative findings on the housing decisions of active young adults in southern Europe and in three other European countries used as a representation of different welfare state regimes (France, Germany and the United Kingdom). With regards to the second objective, this research addresses the current increase in renting preference using the micro data of the Spanish census (2001 and 2011). Estimating multilevel logistic regression models, this study accounts for both individual and contextual factors, highlighting the role of housing prices stability in the likelihood of be a tenant and the influence of the internal geographic heterogeneity on individual housing choices. At the individual level, over time, there is a convergence process toward a greater acceptance of renting regardless of citizenship, type of partnership, or educational attainment of the young couple. Yet, individual heterogeneity became more determinant in the case of age and degree of urbanisation. Although with different signals, both processes lean towards an upsurge of renting at the early stages of a couple’s life. Concerning the third objective, this thesis first studies the Spanish case using the Spanish Survey of Household Finances (2008) and estimating probit regression models for three time frames. The results show that the relationship between homeownership and fertility is becoming increasingly problematic. Second, using the Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Survey (2008- 2011), this thesis compares southern European countries among themselves and with two European countries with distinct fertility rates and housing systems (France and Germany). Probit regression models and parametric frailty models reveal that the positive relationship between homeownership and having a first-child birth is not a southern European exception and that in Spain, France and Greece, to be a homeowner lowers the time ratio to the birth of the firstchild. Portraying the dynamic feature of housing systems, there are reasons to believe that the southern European housing system is changing. This thesis explores those signs of change with regards to their impact on the known features of the southern European housing system by looking at it from different standpoints (micro and macro level) and by emphasizing housing tenure status both as an outcome and as a determinant of an event.
Dorado, Barbé Ana. "La gestión constructiva de conflictos en la formación del Grado en Trabajo Social." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/286503.
Full textIf it exists a reality in the professional practice of the Social Work is the habitual conviviality with the situations of conflict. As there is gathered in the White Book of the Degree in Social Work (2005), on the basis of the competences defined in the Project Tuning, the " resolution of problems " is the generic competence most valued by professionals, graduates, students and professorship. Likewise in all the national documents of reference to the production of the Title in Degree in Social Work there is gathered the importance of the resolution of problems as essential competition in the professional profile of the workers and the social workers, as well as of the mediation as area of intervention and own function of the Social Work. The present doctoral thesis analyzes if the importance granted in the academic and professional national area to the constructive management of conflicts in the professional practice of Social Work, has formative response in the Plans of Study of the Spanish universities. Especially, distinguishes itself the incident that the above mentioned formation has in the student body of the Faculty of Social Work of the Complutense University of Madrid in the perception, personal styles of confrontation and knowledge on the conflict, on the basis of the concept of professional competence as the set of knowledge , know-how and knowledge to be. For it there has been carried out a methodological mixed design, where across the technology of the survey, focus group, interviews in depth and analysis of content has been investigated concerning the object of study.
Ortuño, Muñoz Emilia de los Ángeles. "La cultura de la mediación: impacto de un programa preventivo de sensibilización, en IES de la Región de Murcia." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/146289.
Full textThe structure of this paper is as follows: GENERAL PURPOSE The overall objective of the research was to investigate the perception of school conflicts and its coping in the immediate environment to subsequently measure the impact of a preventive awareness programme in secondary schools in Murcia. The outline of the awareness programme was based on all the aspects generated around the so-called "Culture of Mediation", understood as a set of values and beliefs that are built around this unique way of dealing with conflicts. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES - To investigate the regulatory treatment of conflict - To determine the degree of perception of school conflicts by educational and mediation experts, as well as teachers and students from secondary schools in Murcia - To explore the ways of dealing with conflicts more used among teachers and students of the centers under investigation - To inquiry about the influence of enviroment and socio-cultural characteristics on conflict perception and the use of resolution strategies - To assess the impact of the awareness programme among students - To determine students and teachers willingness to learn alternative dispute resolution models, particularly the use of mediation METHODOLOGY The research was designed in three stages: first an exploratory phase, second a descriptive phase and third an explanatory phase, each one corresponding to different but complementary research methodologies aimed to achieve the ultimate goal. The initial stage consisted of a data search, supported by key informants who were esperts on school community life and conflicts. The second stage allowed us to analise teachers and students perceptions of conflicts and the resolving models applied in their schools. The third phase enabled us to verify the effect of the mediation awareness programme on students from six secondary schools in Murcia. CONCLUSIONS There has been an evolution since 1970, regarding to regulatory treatment of the scholar conflicts in Spain. An approach more favourable to democratic and participatory conflict resolution models can be observed. We also detect nowadays the existence of regional plurality regulation standards of scholar coexistence. These standards have brought a rapid but unequal expansion of mediation regulation. Particularly, in Murcia, we find the applicable Decree 115/2005 which responds to the normative - disciplinary model. In connection to the degree of conflict perceived in our environment we find that, not having achieved the levels of other countries, today in Spain we have a high number of conflict situations from diverse nature caused by internal factors, such as diversity and plurality in the classroom, and external factors related to the social changes. However, these conflicts do not mean the use of violence. As far as students is concerned, we find that the highest level of conflicts are found in verbal confrontations. There is an obvious need of training on conflict solving techniques in school communities. The program has achieved the expected impact on students, producing different perspective changes. It is specially remarkable the change on the conflict perception and the learning of new management and solving strategies. All the above mentioned aspects were included in the culture of mediation. Therefore, the programme used has make possible to begin the path of paradigm shift represented by this new culture.
Avellaneda, Garcia Pau. "Movilidad, pobreza y exclusión social. Un estudio de caso en la ciudad de Lima." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4969.
Full textThis Ph. D. Thesis starts exploring the links established between the variables of mobility, poverty and social exclusion in a context of profound functional and socio-spacial segregation. At first, it analyses the relations of people living in poverty with the local space and with the rest of the metropolitan territory as a consequence of the urban structure and the functional organization of the space in the city. Given that these citizens develop an important part of their daily life outside their local space, due to which they have to commute, social efficiency of the collective transport system is analyzed. The Thesis concludes that for these citizens, collective transport system becomes an important instrument of social integration and cohesion. Finally, it is underlined that, although collective transport represents an important element of social inclusion for the population living in poverty, the high costs derived from the daily use of transport represent a powerful restrain to inclusion and social cohesion of the urban transport system. The previous analysis is made in the city of Lima (Peru).
Siemushyna, Mariia. "Parents immigrés dans quelle(s) langue(s) vivez-vous votre parentalité ? : évaluation biographique des effets des politiques linguistiques familiales et institutionnelles sur la parentalité des parents immigrés à Strasbourg (France) et Francfort-sur-le-Main (Allemagne)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAG024.
Full textThis research focuses on the effects of family and institutional language policies on different dimensions of parenting of migrant parents (exercice, practice, experience (Houzel, 1999)). The analysis is based on non-directive interviews and life stories of immigrant parents and children, as well as testimonies of professionals and volunteer resource persons in Strasbourg (France) and Frankfurt-on-the-Main (Germany). By positioning parents as the main focus of this study, we endeavour to make a contribution to the research on family language policies, and through conducting a biographical evaluation of institutional language policies, we also seek to contribute to studies on policy evaluation, and in particular to those on the evaluation of language policies
Llopis, Cañameras Jaime. "Corazones de papel: patrones de cambio en las familias con niños con cardiopatías congénitas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/79124.
Full textIn this research we have explored the changes experienced by couples with children who have been diagnosed with congenital heart disease. The stress situation at the time of diagnosis and the profound changes occurring in the lives of these couples, justify widely this investigation. First, we have conducted a longitudinal study of cases with particular attention to changes in personal networks of these partners as an indicator of the psychological, social and value suffered in the process. The cases were selected with the help of the ACIC. Also, they have interviewed the affected people and compared their experiences and testimonies with their parents and other people involved in support groups of the association. After an adequate theoretical conceptualization of illness, death, the grieving process and social support (including support groups) this research discusses the different cases and proposes a set of patterns of evolution of these couples. These patterns were classified into four types of networks ideals: the standard, the natural, the institutionalized and medicalized. The network "standard" is one that has not changed in its structure as a result of the disease. However, there can be changes in the function that alters have in it (usually more emotional support functions). The network "natural" is one which incorporates the parents and / or affected / os for congenital heart disease without the intervention of any association of congenital heart disease. The network "institutionalized" is one which incorporates the various alters related to an association of congenital heart disease. Such presence of alters may be higher or lower in each case. In this situation such alterity can be both technical staff of the association, as parents and concerned / I whose relationship is established through the association itself. Sometimes there are two or more associations of congenital heart disease. Finally, the network "medicalized" is one which incorporates personal and social health, having a basic function of information providers. These networks shrink after the diagnosis and focus on support functions, achieving some normality after the return to the school of the children affected. In addition to studying these changes and collect their testimonies, simple measures are proposed application that can reduce suffering and improve the alignment of these couples to the new situation.
Sauquet, Llonch Roger. "La ciutat de repòs i vacances del Gatcpac (1931-1938). Un paisatge pel descans." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/125373.
Full textElinbaum, Pablo. "Un modelo, tres enfoques. Las aportaciones metodológicas de los Planes Directores Urbanísticos para la ordenación de las áreas urbanas en las Comarcas Centrales de Cataluña." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/124836.
Full textA finales de los años setenta, con la recuperación de la democracia en España, las competencias urbanísticas son traspasadas al Gobierno Autonómico de Cataluña (Generalitat). Poco después, la incorporació de la Ley de Política Territorial de 1983 (LPT 1983) le permite desarrollar planes supramunicipales en diferentes escalas. En este período, el planeamiento local se convierte un símbolo de reivindicación democrática, supliendo el déficit heredado. En contraste, la ordenación territorial permanece como un propósito distante a la sociedad. Los planes territoriales de la LPT 1983 se postergan durante casi dos décadas. La falta de planeamiento supramunicipal en Cataluña (y en España) determina dos problemas principales. En primer lugar, produce un territorio profusamente ordenado mediante el fragmento municipal. Esto se debe a la división del sistema legal en un texto que regula la ordenación territorial (LPT de 1983) y otro que regula el urbanismo, la Ley de urbanismo de 2005 (TRLUC 2005). El segundo problema es que la falta de planeamiento supramunicipal se opone a unos procesos de urbanización cuyo vector principal es la integración del territorio. Estos procesos de metropolización no son novedosos. Sin embargo, pese a las numerosas aportaciones teóricas, la coordinación urbanística plurimunicipal encuentra históricamente dificultades para implementarse mediante el planeamiento. En esto radica la oportunidad de los Planes directores urbanísticos (PDU). Los PDU son instrumentos intermedios entre el planeamiento territorial y el urbanístico planteados como marco de referencia y coordinación para los municipios que los integran. Al igual que otras comunidades autónomas y países del contexto europeo, la Generalitat relocaliza la ordenación territorial en el nivel regional, definiendo un nuevo MODELO de planeamiento y de organización administrativa para la gestiónde sus políticas. Así, la Administración otorga a los PDU el rol de eslabón entre lo territorial y lo local para superar la jerarquía lineal del planeamiento que plantea la LPT 1983. Para guiar a los redactores, se establecen unas pautas gráficas y de alcance para los PDU. Sin embargo, en la práctica, los PDU presentan diferentes ENFOQUES en cuanto a las opciones metodológicas y de contenido, evidenciando una flexibilidad potencial para adecuar su alcance a la singularidad de cada uno de los territorios abordados. El objetivo general de esta investigación es definir la innovación y la especificidad instrumental de los PDU. Con este fin analizamos tres casos pioneros: el PDU del Bages, el PDU de la Conca d‘Òdena y el PDU de la Plana de Vic. Redactados simultáneamente, estos planes abordan la ordenación de tres áreas urbanas en una misma región, la veguería de las Comarcas Centrales. El primer objetivo específico radica, por un lado, en determinar la singularidad de los PDU mediante un estudio individual de los casos y, por otro, en generalizar su alcance (en las Comarcas Centrales) mediante el análisis comparado de los casos. Como segundo objetivo específico pretendemos definir el rol de los PDU dentro de la estructura de planeamiento territorial desde dos perspectivas, la del plan y la del proyecto. En particular, analizamos los tres casos seleccionados en relación al Plan territorial parcial de las Comarcas Centrales que, en conjunto, constituyen un único proyecto territorial. Según los objetivos planteados, verificamos que los PDU no son planes tipificables. La innovación instrumental de los PDU radica no solo en la flexibilidad de sus contenidos, sino también en la articulación de herramientas ya probadas de otros planes, tanto urbanísticos como territoriales. En este sentido, la eficiencia del sistema resulta de la interrelación no solo del planeamiento sino también del proyecto territorial en dos escalas, la regional y la de las áreas urbanas. Los PDU trascienden así la rígida segmentaciónde un marco legal que disocia el urbanismo del territorio.
Vecslir, Peri Lorena. "Paisajes de la nueva centralidad. Infraestructuras arteriales y polarización del crecimeinto en la Región Metropolitana de Barcelona." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/124928.
Full textVillarreal, Peralta Edna María. "Capital Humano, Externalidades e Innovación en México." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/131410.
Full textThe thesis investigates the returns to education, the possible existence of externalities associated with education and innovation in Mexico. This is structured in three chapters self-contained and independent. These are empirical works with different estimations based on a review of the existing literature. However, human capital turns out to be the conductive thread of the thesis. The main innovation of the analysis in the three chapters in regards to international literature, lies primarily in the study of a new case, Mexico. This, as argued in the different sections, has interest in itself and a contribution to the literature. The analysis also derives policy implications on human capital and innovation. The first chapter provides an estimate of the individual returns of educational investment on wage income in Mexico in the period 1995-2012. This, in order to complement the existing literature, which is considerable. The main contribution of this section is, besides offering an homogeneous series of educational returns along the period, its use, to obtain consistent estimates of an instrumental variable based on the legislative change in the compulsory schooling level not previously available. The second chapter studies the existence of externalities of investment in human capital for Mexican states in the years 2000 and 2010. The main contribution of this chapter lies in addition to obtain consistent estimates, to also use various instrumental variables, the use of different approaches of current leader literature on this topic. The results show that there is a strong positive and statistically significant relationship between individual education and average education with individual wages, which are located on the same line with the findings in the general literature and also confirmed by the application of the various approaches through the coincidence of the results found regarding significant human capital externalities at the state level in Mexico for the years 2000 and 2010. The third and last chapter is focused on factors driving regional growth in Mexico, mainly focused to the potentially growth-enhancing role of innovation and innovation policy. The analysis combines innovation variables with indicators linked to the formation of adequate social conditions for innovation (the social filter) and spillovers for the Mexican states during the period 2000-2010. The results indicate that regional economic growth across Mexican states stems from direct investment in R&D in areas with favorable social filters and which can benefit not only from knowledge spillovers, but also from being surrounded by rich neighbors with good social conditions. The results stress that, although Mexican innovation policy has been relatively well targeted in order to generate greater economic growth, its relatively modest size may have undermined the attainment of its main objectives.
Meller, Marian. "Essays on Education, Gender, and Child Health in Developing Countries." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/38709.
Full textAquesta tesi tracta de diferents reptes polítics amb relació a la formació del capital humà de nens i nenes a països en vies de desenvolupament. Basat en un disseny quasi-experimental, el primer capítol analitza una iniciativa nacional a l'Índia rural que tenia com a objectiu reduir les desigualtats de gènere en l'escolarització primària a través de l'oferta. El conjunt de recursos escolars dirigits a noies dins del marc de la intervenció va augmentar les taxes d'inscripició escolar i va reduir-ne la diferència de gènere. La segona part avalua un programa de nutrició infantil a l'Equador. La intervenció va fer disminuir la taxa de mortalitat i va suposar més consultes de salut entre els nens i nenes a les comunitats de tractament. L'últim capítol investiga com les llars a les Filipines s'ajusten a malalties d'infantesa primerenca. Els costos a curt termini associats amb la feina maternal perduda i les despeses de salut són estadísticament significatius, però de mida limitada.
Gomez, Rivera Lina Maritza. "Tres ensayos sobre eficiencia economica y crecimiento regional: capacidad empresarial, externalidades y estructura productiva." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283646.
Full textThis thesis examining the evidence on the regional determinants of productive efficiency of firms and its effect on economic growth. It focus on three aspects: i) the extent to which differences in regional endowments and industrial structure of regions, limit or enhance growth, ii) the importance of business network with a strong technological development, that reinforce synergies in the economy, iii) the role of foreign direct investment as an engine of national firms positioning in the international context, via promotion of exports. In Chapter I, a model of determinants of time varying technical efficiency was estimated. The results show the Basque Country, Catalonia and Madrid, as the most efficient regions within Spain. However, the average efficiency of Madrid and the Basque Country decreases as a result of a process of industrial relocation and / or stagnation in the more traditional sectors, despite the advantages granted by a high level in infrastructure capital, the presence foreign capital, or the characteristics of the industry in these regions. In Catalonia, growth presents a enhanced efficiency levels for almost all sectors. The importance and diversification of industry in this region may suggest a strengthening of the market synergies, probably reinforced by significant levels of R & D and foreign capital. In Chapter II, the hypothesis of the presence of technological spillovers intra industry and inter industry type (up-stream and down-stream) on the productivity of firms was tested. We focus on the transmission channels. The Total Factor Productivity is predicted by Olley and Pakes. Positive sectoral intra industry spillovers effects was identified in both firms investing in R & D, as those will not be. The inter industry spillovers were positive and significant at sectoral and regional level, suggesting that the geographical contact is necessary for them to take place. A difference was observed between receptors versus generators spillovers. Companies that are located nearer the technological frontier probably follow formal channels of disseminating knowledge and benefit less from spillover effects. Younger firms benefit more from the inter industry downstream spillovers. It is possible that they were born as a consequence of the synergies in competitive sectors. Intermediate maturity companies have greater intra industry spillover effect, suggesting that market experience is important for appropriability of technological knowledge generated by other firms in the sector. In Chapter III, evidence is presented on the assumption of the spillover effect from Foreing Direct Investment in the export performance of domestic firms. Considering the simultaneous control by imitation, information and competition effects, and identifying if they are generated by foreign and / or domestic firms in the same industry. About the decision to export, a positive net effect information originated by the total export performance of the industry was identified; and negative imitation effect caused by foreign companies, which may represent potential barriers to entry into international markets. On the export intensity, positive net information effect by industry, positive competition effect by foreign companies, and a positive imitation effect by other domestic and negative companies by foreign companies was identified. The entry of foreign firms competition hardens, and provides information on the operation of foreign markets, forcing domestic firms to open their market horizons. But if domestic firms do not have sufficient capacity to compete, be displaced, subject only to disappear or supply the domestic market.
Muñoz, Ramírez Francesc. "urBANALització. La producció residencial de baixa densitat a la província de Barcelona 1985-2001." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4962.
Full textLa tesi para una especial atenció a detectar quins municipis s'han especialitzat més en aquest tipus d'habitatge i diferencia entre els llocs que bàsicament han produït habitatge aïllat o adossat de forma clara; els llocs que han combinat aquestes dues tipologies d'habitatge unifamiliar; i els llocs que han produït simultàniament habitatge adossat i habitatge en bloc, dues tipologies gens incompatibles als municipis de major grandària. La tesi demostra igualment que s'ha esdevingut una substitució dels territoris que han acollit aquests creixements residencials que han passat de ser municipis metropolitans més propers a la ciutat central a ser ciutats mitjanes i viles de segona i tercera corona metropolitanes, tot configurant un model territorial fortament orientat vers la dispersió.
Finalment, la tesi planteja que el desenvolupament de la urbanització dispersa a la regió de Barcelona no s'ha d'explicar només com el resultat de la 'fugida' de la ciutat de famílies amb recursos que volen viure més a prop de la natura en cases unifamiliars. Al costat d'aquest grup de població, hi hauria tot un gruix de famílies que podrien, i en molts casos voldrien, viure en zones urbanes compactes però que, a causa del diferencial de preus de l'habitatge entre ciutats metropolitanes, acaben finalment accedint a l'habitatge adossat de grandària petita en zones més llunyanes. D'aquesta manera, la tesi planteja com les causes de la suburbanització accelerada no són únicament de tipus cultural i vinculades a la percepció de l'habitat sinó que tenen molt a veure amb el funcionament dels mercats de compra i els llindars d'accessibilitat de les famílies als parcs d'habitatge metropolitans.
La tesi proposa com a conclusió una avaluació d'aquest creixement com molt insostenible no només en termes ambientals i urbanístics sinó també culturals en tant en quant significa l'aparició d'un territori residencial en absolut caracteritzat per la complexitat i la diversitat característiques de la imatge de ciutat mediterrània.
This researh analyzes the growth and expansion of the single-family house tipology in the Barcelona region from 1987 to 2001. The main aim of this work is to define clearly different typologies of residencial landscape depending on the type of low-density houses built during the last two decades: detached houses; or terrace houses. The localition patterns of these two different type of single-family houses show how the 311 municipalities included in the analysis have been producing a highly specialized residential landscape orientated towards the detached houses in some cases and to the terrace house in other cases. Despite the fact that the existance of single-family houses is not a new fenomenon in the Barcelona region, the research demonstrates how since the 80's decade the expansion of the low-density residential landscapes have adquired a completely new dimension because of the important amount of dwellings finally built and because of the use of these new houses as the primary house in a majority of cases, and not as a secundary house which was the current trend during the 60's and 70's decades.
Apart from focusing on the specilisation levels of the housing parks of the 311 municipalities of the region, the research also demonstrates how this specialisation goes hand in hand with the substitution of the territories that have hosted this type of urban growth. As the quantitave analysis clearly shows, municipalities located in the 2nd and the 3rd ring, quite fare away from the central city and not specifically defined by metropolitan trends, have been substituting during the last decade the municipalities located closer to Barcelona as the places accounting more average growth of single-family houses. The result of this dispersion pattern is a territorial model defined by urban sprawl.
Finally, the research work demonstrates that the development of sprawl in the Barcelona region is not only the result of the willing for leaving the city and being closer to natural or non urbanised areas living in a single-family house. As the colleted and produced data show, besides this type of afluent population that leave the city to live in a big house in the countriside there exists another very important group of population that is responsible for sprawl but because of very different reasons: due to the fact of the higher prices of dwellings in more densified urban areas many lower-class families go and live in suburban towns in cheaper terrace-houses because of their less surface and their more external location in relation with Barcelona and the other central cities in the region. In conclusion, housing market evolution can not be forgotten when explaining the causes of urban sprawl.
The research proposes in a final part a monitorisation of these development of single-family houses in the majority of municipalities of the Barcelona region both from in environmental and cultural terms. Regarding the environmental approach, this type of urban growth is clearly insustainable when analyzing some parameters as: consumption of land; domestic water consumption; increasing risk of provoked fire in ecologically fragile areas; exponential increase of mobility, trafic flows and number of automoviles. Regarding the cultural approach, this type of urban growth means a new type of residential landscape which is specialised and morphologically homogenious. It is the loss of complexity the main risk that cities in the Barcelona region are facing as a consecuence of the intensive development of low-density houses new neighbourhoods.
Sánchez, Urios Antonia. "Inmigración, necesidades y acceso a los recursos y servicios: los inmigrantes ucranianos en los procesos de inserción en la Comunidad Autónoma de Murcia." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/11045.
Full textThis research suppose an approach to one of the more important migratories flows and unknown of the migratory view. The global analysis is to know the principal needs and problems that find the Ukrainians in the "process of insertion in the destiny society", as well as the several ways that use in the solution of the problems that exist as consequence of the migration. We have board the access to institutional and social resources, as well as the use that carry of the help institucions and organizations. It has been important to analyse the relationship that the Ukrainian establish with Spanish people, as well as the net of links interweave between the Ukrainian that lives in Murcia, but with families and very strong and intense relationship with their origin country. Finally, it concludes with the end of the migratory proyect and positives and negatives factors of its stay in Spain.
Vilardell, Immaculada. "El control de l'eficiència de la gestió de les administracions municipals." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3965.
Full textPalma, Chorres Yarissa Marcela. "Factores que inciden en la intencionalidad de emprender de los estudiantes universitarios en Panamá." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/125237.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the factors that affect the intention of creating companies in potential entrepreneurs of panamenian universities, based on the hypothesis that the desirability of creating a company of potential panamenian entrepreneurs in college, is determined by the level of knowledge (experience and abilities they posses) and by their reference models (family, friends and acquaintances). The thesis also evaluates the students perceptions of the incubation services that the college provides. After analyzing this information, we made a proposal of strategies to help optimize the operation of the system of business incubation in panamenian universities. The research was made in two phases: First Phase: - Study of the factors that influence the intention of academic entrepreneurs in other countries to create businesses. - Analysis of the student population of the UTP and Universidad Latina (ULAT), by means of surveys, in order to recognize the impact of factors such as: o Personal attributes of the entrepreneur and their influence in the intention of creating businesses (age, knowledge, experience, motivation, reference models such as family, friends and acquaintances, and the area of entrepreneurship) o Organizational resources allocated for that purpose. o Study of the degree of knowledge, the level of use and value of incubators of the UTP and ULAT, from college students. Second Phase Two case studies are performed to document the actual process of the incubator of the UTP, and the feedback, by its users. According to the cross of variables, the entrepreneur skills are positively correlated with the intention of creating businesses. According to regression applied to all the variables that were analyzed, the factors that have significant influence in the intention of creating businesses, are "entrepreneur’s skills and knowledge ", and with minor degree of significance "reference models". The factor which resulted with the highest incidence in the intentionality of the college potential entrepreneur, were the business skills they have. This issue confirms the correctness of the system of the incubation system, to use colleges as the starting point for incubation centers; and allows us to become aware of the importance of the college´s role in fostering entrepreneurial skills, for increasing the quantity and quality of the businesses created.
Alonso, López Fernando. "La accesibilidad en evolución: la adaptación persona-entorno y su aplicación al medio residencial en España y Europa." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/385208.
Full textWhen we talk about accessibility and person-environment fit we refer to the need for using built spaces, goods and services regardless of the physical condition, age or abilities of each person. Something that is increasingly important in today's global processes of urbanization and demographic aging. Accessibility has been frequently approached, from a political and human-rights dimension, as a strategy to remove barriers that discriminate against people with disabilities. But this approach has shown its limitations at the time of being implemented. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to help characterize the physical accessibility to the built environment as a broader term, based on the theories of person-environment fit, and empirically test its relevance in the decisions of households with elderly or disabled members The thesis has been divided into four parts that express different dimensions and offer a theoretical and practical connection to the question. First, different theoretical and practical approaches that conceptualize person-environment adaptation are reviewed. Second, a empirical research allows to statistically contrast for the existence of adaptive behavior by families with elderly and disabled members in their own dwellings as well as the conditions of these decisions. Binary response logit models has been built using data from two large statistical operations: the Survey of Disability, Independence and Dependency Situations, AGE 2008, held in Spain and panel Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe, SHARE, version 4, 2011. The results show that families indeed adopt strategies to improve accessibility in the home, that are consistent with the theory analysis. These behaviors are explained by factors of personal-functional nature and the characteristics of the environment, such as the theories in the fields of psychology and environmental gerontology by Kurt Lewin in the 1930s and Powell Lawton in the 1970s. Specifically, the results of the model show that factors such as age, income level, concern about suffering a fall or having certain difficulties to perform daily life activities, as well as the conditions and functioning outside the dwelling and in the neighborhood can explain the expenses done in adaptations (in AGE survey) or the fact of living in an accessibility improved housing (SHARE survey). Policy analysis and intervention mechanisms used primarily normative, is the main content of the other chapters. The third one, called POLICIES, deals with the analysis of accessibility in the great models of intervention on disability, starting from the global scale, to the strategies of "soft law" applied in the EU and the technical regulations in Spain. Finally, the chapter reviews the policy INSTRUMENTS applied in the design, construction and adaptation of built environments and particularly put focus on two instruments considered key to the development of person-environment fit in the future. Firstly, the so-called "Accessible Pedestrian Route" (IPA), to articulate technical accessibility and pedestrian mobility in urbanized public spaces, created by the OM 561/2010 Act of February 2nd in Spain. And, secondly, the "reasonable accommodation" mechanism, a legal concept created to provide flexibility to the resolution of conflicts of person-environment fit in the workplace and increasingly being applied in the decisions to accessibility improvements in built environments under reform or rehabilitation needs.
Stiefken, Arboleda Juan Pablo. "Altruismo y solidaridad en el Estado de Bienestar." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284047.
Full textThe central hypothesis of this thesis refers to the causal relationship between motivations like altruism and solidarity, and the Welfare States: firstly, altruism and solidarity are presented as two of the social factors that enable the existence of welfare states (or any of its programs), and encourage its maintenance and development; secondly, Welfare States can generate, at the same time, a higher level of motivations and behaviors of this type. In this sense, this work is supported on two basic premises: first, the viability of Welfare States and the possible reforms that may be developed, are not just a matter of economic feasibility (or inevitability), but also, and mainly, of political feasibility, as it requires popular support and legitimation. Second, there is an irreducible motivational plurality in humans, and each of the different human motivations brings different possibilities. This work is structured as follows: the first part is dedicated to clarify, from a conceptual perspective, the notions of altruism and solidarity (and other related concepts as selfishness, reciprocity, moral feelings and principles, compassion, generosity, fraternity, and so on), so that they can serve as a framework for further analysis. From there, and after making a normative justification of altruism and solidarity, in the third section we identify and systematize different social mechanisms –possible causal connections- related with the central hypothesis of this work; these mechanisms will allow an insight into the different areas and dimensions that arise around the hypothesis. Lastly, a historical and social contextualization of the main mechanisms outlined is presented. In the fourth and final section, we present an empirical and historical exploration of the central hypothesis of this work. The research entails two different stages: first, we expose several examples of historic cases and their relationship with the two main dimensions of the hypothesis (the manifestation of altruism and solidarity, and the development of Welfare States). The second and main instant of the research focuses on two cases: the Colombian health system that arouse from the constitutional reform in 1991 and from the Law 100 of 1993, and the British Health System (NHS) that arouse in the post-war period after World War II. The common element between these cases is the development of systems based on universality and solidarity originated from a critical situation of conflict and violence; however, this process occurs in countries with very diverse circumstances and in different time periods. The two cases, as well as the general theoretical framework, aim to highlight the potential of motivations like solidarity and altruism for the emergence and development of social systems or policies, in general, and in particular for the emergence of egalitarian and universal policies. In this sense, the fundamental purpose of this work is to recognize and make visible the importance of these motivations as an engine and source of political support -in appropriate circumstances-, and the great contribution they can make for the building of a more fair and compassionate society.
Cardoso, Vargas Carlos Enrique. "Tres ensayos sobre apertura comercial, geografía económica y comercio." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/134669.
Full textTrade liberalization in Mexico, which began with the accession to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT for its acronym in English) and later extended to the signing of the North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), marked a shift in national trade policy, to locate the exchange of goods as a key to the growth and development of the Mexican economy aspect These facts have motivated a number of studies on economic and social aspects, trying first, model and determine the magnitude of the impacts of these changes , and second, to evaluate the results. The development of studies regarding regions, states or cities are of great interest not only because they are poor, but because they analyze the different effects caused to operators located in different geographical areas that make up the country, allowing to understand the dynamics behind economic phenomena that is crucial in the design and implementation of effective policies. The research work presented for the degree of Doctor in Applied Economics from the Autonomous University of Barcelona, includes three essays, which address various research regarding economic phenomena present in Mexico related to the effects of trade liberalization. In the first document, called "Accessibility and wage inequality. Evidence using microdata " explore how accessibility to markets, captured through the market potential measure explains the wage gap between manufacturing workers in various states of Mexico. The results show that after controlling for observable characteristics of individuals, temporal effects, and formality of the situation of workers, the elasticity of market potential on wages is 0.082 . In making a distinction between formal and informal workers, we found that the magnitude of the market potential in the case of informal workers is lower than that observed by its counterpart , once we control for the presence of foreign capital. The second paper, entitled "agglomeration externalities and processing foreign firms export decisions in Mexico", asks whether the agglomeration of foreign firms that assemble or process imported inputs for export products form ( signatures PCS) , favor the incorporation export activity or expansion of target markets for domestic firms . The evidence shows that the agglomeration of foreign exporting firms increases the probability that domestic firms have a presence in certain markets, however, these effects emanate exclusively from the proximity of foreign firms exporting to the same fate as local businesses. When we distinguish between domestic firms according to the product exported , no evidence that the presence of foreign firms PCS affects the possibility of exporting domestic firms that sell goods produced with local inputs , but only in domestic firms is that equally they traded products PCS . In the last essay, titled "Productivity, size and shock in demand: an approach with a simple model of heterogeneous firms," we examine whether differences in productivity and size of exporting firms explain in what order access to these markets, how sold, how many and what the requirements are to export productivity. The results show that the size and productivity of firms can explain the types of markets that can be accessed. When the international crisis of 2008 is analyzed to find the event differentially affected exporting firms in Mexico. The results show an effect selection for higher productivity firms, so that firms with low productivity ceased its export activity.
Romo-Orozco, José M. "Evaluación de los costes y beneficios de la implementación del aislamiento acústico en el mercado residencial de nueva planta en Barcelona." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/277573.
Full textEl origen de la investigación responde al interés de obtener un valor para el silencio. Este argumento se sumó a la expectación generada por la implementación del Documento básico de Protección Frente al Ruido (DB-HR) del Código Técnico de la Edificación (CTE), en él se aumentaron las exigencias prestacionales en las edificaciones y de aquí manan las siguientes preguntas ¿cuánto están las personas dispuestas a pagar por habitar una vivienda más aislada acústicamente? ¿Está disposición supera el incremento en los costes de los sistemas constructivos que se desprenden de la citada normativa? La hipótesis de trabajo plantea que el coste de desarrollo de las técnicas constructivas indicadas por el CTE, que mejoran el confort acústico de las viviendas, es menor que el beneficio que los individuos perciben y expresan en su disposición a pagar por adquirir una vivienda con estas características. El objetivo es demostrar, para el mercado residencial de nueva planta barcelonés, que la disposición de las personas a pagar por habitar una vivienda que proporcione un mayor confort acústico, supera los costes de implementar sistemas de aislamiento más restrictivos. La tesis se estructura en dos partes: teórica y empirica. En la primera se abordan tanto conceptos de acústica, como de microeconomía aplicada en la valoración de bienes ambientales. El contexto supone la valoración de un bien (el silencio) que no tiene mercado, o de tenerlo, en el caso de la vivienda con mayor aislamiento, no puede satisfacer la demanda en el corto plazo. En estas situaciones la técnica de valoración contingente es un instrumento que más allá de sus interpretaciones, en general da respuestas viables a las preguntas anteriores . En la parte empírica se estiman los probables sobrecostes asociados al incremento en el aislamiento y la cuantificación de los beneficios relacionados a este cambio. El planteamiento implicó generar un mercado hipotético para que las personas revelasen sus preferencias. Es aquí donde se presenta uno de los principales atributos de la investigación: preparar y utilizar la simulación acústica de una vivienda que cumple con distintos niveles de aislamiento y que incluye las principales características ofrecidas por el mercado inmobiliario barcelonés. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la relevancia de esta investigación se presenta en distintos ámbitos. El primero es el análisis del impacto monetario de la contaminación acústica, revelado en la disposición a pagar por habitar viviendas más aisladas. Este análisis puede ser fuente de información para los agentes públicos y privados sobre el trade-off que se genera cuando se mejoran los procesos de edificación que incrementan la habitabilidad de las viviendas. En términos metodológicos, lo relevante es el escenario diseñado y la evaluación de los beneficios que se asocian a la implantación del DB-HR. Con incentivos adecuados, los individuos opinan sobre cuestiones complejas que les afectan (las ventajas de mejorar las condiciones acústicas de la vivienda) y se comprueba que el método de valoración contingente proporciona información fiable para realizar el análisis de políticas públicas. Finalmente, en cuanto a los modelos econométricos, se presentan resultados que indican que el logístico ordinal se ajusta mejor al formato de pregunta empleado y proporciona estimaciones consistentes de la disposición a pagar.
Zárate, Alva Nair Elizabeth. "Maternidad adolescente de las jovenes tuteladas en Cataluña." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/125860.
Full textYoung people fostered in residential care have to face numerous difficulties in their transition process to adulthood. A 30% of the teen girls in residential care became adolescent mothers, so they have severe difficulties in being autonomous and independent when they come out 18. Girls in residential care are more likely to have sex earlier and more sexual partners with regard their peers not in care; despite of they have access to contraceptives and sexual health risk information. Aims: the study is aimed at analyzing the incidence of cognitive, affective, contextual and cultural factors underlying teenage motherhood in residential care in Catalonia. This problem is not only exclusive to our country, since studies from other countries have also reported high levels of teenager motherhood in residential care. Methods: An in-depth interview was designed and validated by a group of experts. Four groups of 18 teenage women were interviewed (72 in total): 18 girls from residential care, 18 teenage mothers from residential centre; 18 non in residential care and from poor environmental contexts and 18 non in residential care but from more privileged environments (control group). Results: The analysis found a wide arrange of differences in the beliefs and expectations concerning motherhood and family. The most important differences were found in the life plan, use of contraceptives and ideas about family role. In their life plan, girls in residential care give more importance to becoming a mother rather than fulfilling their professional ambitions. Girls in care report more frequently to have experienced abandonment and less support, education and affection from their family. Nevertheless, when they speak of their beliefs about family, they particularly emphasise their role of providing economic resources and give less attention to providing affection and education. Conclusions and recomandations: Teenager motherhood is an important problem in residential care. The underlying factors of these phenomena are to be found in the emotional needs and beliefs regarding motherhood and the lack of life plan definition. Preventive programmes for these teenagers must consider these particularities and focus on changing these beliefs as a means of helping these teenagers to find other ways of fulfilling their emotional needs and to develop themselves personally and professionally.
Galletto, Vittorio. "Distritos industriales e innovación." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/133275.
Full textThis thesis is rooted in the theoretical framework of industrial districts (ID). The question addressed in this essay is whether local productive systems with characteristics of ID show a better innovative capacity over other types of local production systems, giving rise to what we call a district effect in terms of innovation or I‐district effect. The hypothesis is that industrial districts are able to generate dynamic or innovation economies that result in a differential effect in terms of innovation, which can be explained by district mechanisms. Thus, the aim of the thesis is to determine whether a district effect in terms of innovation (“Idistrict” effect) exists and to quantify and identify the elements that determine both local innovative capacity and district’s differential effect on innovation. To achieve this result, the research is divided into seven chapters, in addition to one introductory and other of conclusions. The main conclusions of this thesis can be summarized in the following points: (1) The answer to the initial question regarding the existence of a district effect in terms of innovation is positive: from data for Spanish production systems for the period between 2001 and 2005, there is evidence of increased innovative capacity in ID of approximately 40% over the average of local production systems. (2) The I‐district effect is explained by district mechanisms of external economies, such as the transfer and dissemination of knowledge, specialization, and local integration of the production process. (3) The success of the district model of innovation shows that there is no single pathway to innovation based only on the investment of resources in research and development, based in the analytical type of knowledge, as suggested by the linear model of innovation, which is characteristic of large firms. In other types of local production systems, in which SMEs predominate, also synthetic‐engineering type of knowledge is important. (4) The evidence of a positive and significant district effect on innovation in Spain is typically more intense in productive specializations typical of ID, i.e. light specialization: Leather and footwear (65%), Mechanics (48%), Products for the house (35%), Textiles and clothing (27%). Evidence was also obtained in other less district specializations such as Chemistry (46%). (5) The district model is presented as a model that supports and facilitates knowledge creation and innovation; however, it is globally innovation that is not at the frontier of knowledge. (6) Innovation in industrial districts can be measured by instruments of protection of intellectual property such as patents.
Sánchez, Caravaca Juan. "La eficacia de los programas de atención temprana en niños de riesgo biológico. Estudio sobre los efectos de un programa de atención temprana en niños prematuros en su primer año de vida." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/11025.
Full textThis research analyzed the impact of a three-levels early intervention program on the development of 46 pre-term babies and their families in a longitudinal study during their first year of life. 70 full-term babies also participated as control group. The premature infants were assessed at the ages of 1, 6 and 12 months of corrected age (chronological age for the full-term infants). The premature infants were grouped according to their perinatal biological risk. The results indicated that pre-term infants obtained lower outcomes, but the likelihood of retardation depends on the level of biological disorder. Besides, the perinatal biological condition is not the only determinant on the premature evolution, since other variables, such as the maternal stress, are similarly affecting the infant's care and stimulation. When these conditions improve, the infant's results increase. Likewise, it seems that the developmental slowing down and discontinuities in the first year of life are much more clear in the premature babies, with differential features compared to the full-term babies. It is confirmed the necessity of implementing early intervention programs for these infants and a specific support to the mothers for coping the stress that the prematurity brings about.
Lluzar, López de Briñas Eduard. "La fiscalitat i els aranzels als sistemes de gestió urbanística." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/277572.
Full textLa finalitat que la tesi doctoral es proposa, és l'analisi teòric i crític de la fiscalitat que grava el desenvolupament urbanístic sistematic, tant pel que fa a l'estat Espanyol com més concretament a Catalunya. I això, perquè des del moment en que s'inicia un procés de desenvolupament urbanístic en un polígon d'actuació fins a la seva finalització amb la recepció de les obres i l'autorització, si és el cas, per part de l'Administració de la dissolució de l'entitat urbanística col.laboradora, s'inicia i es transita per un seguit d'actuacions legals amb repercussió fiscal. L'inici d'un expedient de gestió urbanística, sigui quin sigui el document o acte administratiu que el provoqui, comporta que els terrenys i les actuacions que s'han de fer, iniciïn també una singladura fiscal. L'estudi, anàlisi, critica i suggeriments de millora del seguit d'bbligacions tributàries i aranzelàries que comporta el desenvolupament d'un polígon d'actuació, serà l'objecte de la tesi doctoral. Tanmateix ens plantegem el fet d'analitzar si aquest iter fiscal "varia pel fet de tractar-se d'una actuació sistemàtica o asistematica. En tot cas, podem parlar de que ens fem la pregunta o les preguntes d'investigació següents: - Existeix en realitat un model fiscal per les actuacions sistemàtiques diferenciat del model fiscal normal o usual en qualsevol actuació de desenvolupament immobiliari? - Si existeix aquest model diferenciat, és adequat a la naturalesa quasi obligatòria del desenvolupament urbanístic als polígons d'actuació urbanística? Per tant, podríem parlar d'una situació inicial que en aquest cas be donada per la normativa vigent. En aquest cas, l'explicació amplia d'aquest punt la fem en la metodologia que s'ha empleat i que es vol utilitzar en tot el desenvolupament de la tesi, per tal d'arribar a les conclusions que com a respostes a les preguntes d'investigació que ens hem platejat. Respecte al pla de treball d'investigació, es el ja indicat a l'apartat d'hipótesi inicial.Tal i com hem dit al seu moment l'inici del treball d' investigació va ser l'anàlisi de la normativa vigent. Per tant, el que s'ha de fer primerament s'ha analitzat les principals normes d'aplicació.Amb aixó, hem tingut una aproximació al cos legal del tema.Seguidament, s'han analitzat les interpretacions que d'aquestes normes fa el Tribunal Suprem com les resolucions dels Tribunals Superiors de Justícia dels diversos territoris amb especial èmfasis a les resolucions del Tribunal Superior de Justícia de Catalunya. Amb això hem obtingut el cos d'ilnterpretació jurisprudencia! del tema. Després hem analitzat la doctrina, posant especial sentit en les posicions més crítiques a la situació actual. Amb això, hem aconseguit una referència de la doctrina aplicable. També s'han analitzat altres sistemes d'actuació urbanística de països especialment del nostre entorn. Amb això, hem aconseguit una referència del Dret comparat. Finalment hem arribat a la nostra postura que en alguns casos coincideix amb la normativa actual o Dret subjectiu i en altres s'apropa més a una posició crítica, tal i com es fa constar a les conclusions de la tesi doctoral.
Sampietro, Colom Laura. "Introducció de les preferències dels ciutadans en la presa de decisions sanitàries: una aplicació a la priorització de pacients en llistes d'espera." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4624.
Full textMètodes. Anàlisi de conjunt. Anàlisi de les opinions, vivències i percepcions entorn a les llistes d'espera i identificació i selecció de criteris per a la priorització: 4 grups focals/nominals de població general, pacients/familiars, professionals relacionats y especialistes, per cada procediment (N cirurgia de cataracta=36; N artroplastia maluc/genoll=35). Estimació de les preferències (puntuacions dels criteris): entrevista a una mostra representativa dels 4 grups (N cirurgia de cataractes=771; N artroplàstia de maluc/genoll=860) i aplicació del model multivariant del rank-ordered logit. Anàlisi de subgrup per estudi de les diferències.
Resultats: A) Anàlisi de les opinions, vivències i percepcions entorn a les llistes d'espera i identificació i selecció de criteris rellevants per a la priorització. L'anàlisi de contingut va identificar 10 línies temàtiques, algunes de les quals també van generar línies subtemàtiques. L'existència de llistes d'espera es va atribuir a la manca de recursos i a la seva mala gestió, la qual cosa crea també desigualtats d'accés (territorial i personal); i produeix impotència, desànim i resignació. Es va coincidir en la necessitat de millorar l'actual sistema explícit de priorització de pacients, però l'establiment d'un sistema de priorització genera escepticisme. Es van identificar aproximadament un nombre de 15 criteris diferents per a cada procediment, que no van diferir substancialment entre els col·lectius participants. Es van seleccionar 6 criteris per cirurgia de cataracta i 7 per artroplastia de maluc/genoll. Els criteris seleccionats foren: gravetat de la patologia, probabilitat de recuperació, limitació en les activitats quotidianes, limitació per treballar, tenir alguna persona que el cuidi (al pacient), i tenir alguna persona al seu càrrec (del pacient). També es va seleccionar el dolor en cas d'artroplàstia. B) Càlcul de les puntuacions de priorització. Les puntuacions obtingudes van mostrar el signe esperat (positiu), la tendència esperada (a mesura que augmenta el nivell de criteri la puntuació es major) i totes van ser significatives (p<0,001). Per ambdós procediments, els criteris amb puntuacions més elevades han estat els clínics (gravetat de la malaltia/incapacitat visual, i dolor (per artroplàstia)), seguit dels funcionals (limitació en les activitats de la vida diària) i finalment aquells de caràcter social. Pel que fa a l'anàlisi de subgrups i test de significació, s'observaren diferències estadísticament significatives (p<0,001) en la puntuació d'alguns dels criteris entre els grups; això no obstant, no s'observaren diferències en l'ordre de la seva importància relativa. L'ordenació dels pacients en la llista segons s'apliquin les puntuacions atorgades per un o un altre grup porten a diferències en la posició en la llista d'espera importants. Per últim, assenyalar que per ambdós procediments el model és vàlid: es compleix la validesa aparent; el model presenta una bona bondat d'ajust (validesa predictiva: r>0,9; validesa de constructe: r>0,8); consistència interna alta.
Conclusió: No existeixen diferències pel que fa als criteris identificats com a rellevants per a la priorització per part dels diferents grups. Això no obstant, sí que existeixen preferències en el pes (o preferència) que cada grup atorga als criteris. Aquesta diferència impacta en com s'ordenarien els pacients en una llista d'espera si s'utilitzessin les preferències d'un o d'un altre grup de ciutadans. En sistemes nacionals de salut, quan s'adrecen temes que impliquin dur a terme judicis de valors, és important fer participar a un ventall representatiu de la ciutadania. Això s'ha de fer des dels orígens del seu disseny i elaboració, utilitzant tècniques d'estimació que garantitzin l'objectivitat i equanimitat dels resultats, per tal de preservar la representativitat de totes les preferències i la transparència del sistema.
Objective: to estimate and compare citizen preferences in the prioritization of patients in waiting lists for cataract surgery and join replacement.
Methods: Conjoint analysis. Analysis of the opinion, experiences and perceptions around waiting list and priority criteria identification and selection: 4 focus/nominal groups of general population, patients/relatives, allied health-professionals and consultants, for each procedure (N cataract surgery=36; N= joint replacement=35). Preferences elicitation (criteria scores): survey to a representative sample of the 4 groups (N cataract surgery= 771; N joint replacement=860) and rank-ordered logit test execution. Subgroup analysis for differences study.
Results: A) Analysis of the opinion, experiences and perceptions around waiting list and priority criteria identification and selection: Ten themes were identified. Waiting lists were argued to be a consequence of lack of resources and bad management, which leads to inequity of access; this produces impotence, despondency and resignation. There was agreement in improving the current explicit patient prioritization system, however the development of a new system create skepticism. Fifteen different criteria were identified by procedure, which did not differ substantially among groups. Six criteria were selected for cataract surgery and seven for joint replacement. The selected criteria were: disease severity, probability of recovery, difficulty in performing activities of daily living, limitation of ability to work, being looked after by someone, being a caregiver. Pain was also selected for joint replacement. B) Preferences elicitation (criteria scores): the scores showed the expected positive sign, the greater the level of each criterion, the higher the coefficient's value obtained and all coefficients were statistically significant (P < 0.001). For both procedures, clinical criteria obtained the highest scores (disease severity and pain), followed by functional criteria (difficulty in performing activities of daily living) and the social ones. Statistical differences were observed in the scores of criteria among groups (p<0.001); however, differences in the order of the relative importance were not present. Variation in the patient's position in the list were observed depending on which group scores were considered. The model is valid for both procedures: apparent validity was achieved, it complies with a good-fitness (predictive vailidity: r>0.9; construct validity: r>0.8), and has a high internal consistency.
Conclusion: There are not differences among participants groups in the identified criteria for patient prioritization. Nevertheless, there are differences in the weight given to the criteria by the groups. This difference may impact on the order taken by patients in the waiting lists when applying the scores from the different groups. In national health Systems, when decisions with a high value judgment component have to be made, a representative participation of citizenship is important. This should be carried out from the origins, using techniques that guarantee the objectivity and equanimity of results, in order to preserve the representation of all preferences and the transparency of the system.
Antequera, Baiget Josep. "Propuesta metodológica para el análisis de la sostenibilidad regional." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/119731.
Full textIn this thesis we have developed a methodology for regional sustainability analysis using the system approach to his conceptualization, the paradigm of sustainability for analysis, the methodology of indicators on the one hand, the stocks and flow from the System Dynamics on the other side and the concept of "syndrome" by the German Advisory Council (GAC) and developed by Economic Commission for Latin America (CEPAL) in 2004, to its completion. Bringing together these three concepts: the regional systems view, the paradigm of sustainability, indicators, models and syndromes methodologies, we developed a methodological approach to regional analysis based on 4 mains stocks (territory, population, GDP and corporate stock) and metabolism flow between them and the indicators associated with these stocks and flows, and syndromes that give us insight in to the sustainability of the Region. This system has been applied to the analysis of two regions, one in a developed European country such as the Counties of Girona in Catalonia, Spain and other Santo Domingo de los Colorados in Ecuador and a comparative analysis of the two regions.
Esteve, Blanch Jaume. "La dependencia del alcohol: una comparación crítica sobre los tratamientos de dicha dependencia desde modelos biomédicos y espiritualistas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/128946.
Full textA fieldwork project has been conducted, by and large in Barcelona city (between 2009 and 2011), involving participatory observation of three Alcoholics Anonymous groups and two biomedical alcohol abuse rehab centres. The aim is to provide a self-ethnographic overview of the therapy processes and the accounts of the participants in both types of settings, analysing the similarities and unique aspects observed. Social stratification of those centres makes it possible to undertake a sociocultural assessment of the group dynamics observed, the aetiology of certain addiction cases and the outcomes of the therapy administered. The main hypothesis, entailing the corroboration of therapy groups as the most efficient means of treating alcohol abuse, is supported. This is the case even when the various approaches to said therapy and the ideological background observed in certain institutional orientations are examined in greater depth. The two secondary hypotheses are strengthened in varying manners: self-forgiveness strategies, which are often part of accounts and attitudes among most users studied, are confirmed, especially at the start of treatment; however, addictive memory, embedded in the outset of consumption, cannot be validated as an element of significance during therapy.
Simó, Algado Salvador. "La palabra y la acción: lucha contra la pobreza, salud(ocupacional) y ciudadanía a través de nuevas praxis universitarias." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Vic, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9325.
Full textLa principal técnica de investigación han sido las historias de vida, junto a los diarios compartidos y las fotografías. El marco teórico ha desarrollado los conceptos básicos que abordo en el proyecto de educación, investigación e intervención social Miquel Martí i Pol, como son el encuentro con el Otro (personas con enfermedad mental y / o situación de pobreza), la pobreza, la salud desde una perspectiva ocupacional, la ciudadanía y el rol de la Universidad en el mundo contemporáneo.
La tesis ha generado conocimientos en relación a:
- Los determinantes sociales de la salud, especialmente sobre la importancia del empleo (trabajo) en la salud de las personas y en su sentimiento de ciudadanía y de pertenencia a la comunidad política.
- Nuevas praxis universitarias, en concreto basadas en la estrategia educativa del Aprendizaje Servicio que desarrolla un aprendizaje académico a la vez que ofrece un servicio a la comunidad. Se trata de un aprendizaje basado en la realidad y en el binomio docencia / investigación que supone una escuela de ciudadanía.
SUMMARY
The dissertation is based on a hermeneutic critical paradigm. It develops the third cycle of reflection within a Participatory Action Research (PAR) started in 2005 based on the project Miquel Marti i Pol (www.jardimiquelmartipol.blogspot.com) , where occupational therapy students participate in the creation and maintenance of a garden together with people experiencing social exclusion . The DEA project A university where education, research and citizenship flow together was the second cycle of reflection in this dynamic action of the IAP own reflection.
The main technique of investigation has been the life stories shared with shared diaries and photographs. The theoretical framework has developed the concepts: the Other (people with mental illness and / or poverty), poverty, health from an occupational perspective, citizenship and the role of universities in the contemporary world.
The thesis has generated knowledge regarding:
- The social determinants of health, especially on the importance of employment on the health of the people and their sense of citizenship and belonging to the political community.
- New university praxis based on Service. It is a reality-based learning that integrates teaching with research.
Brandolini, Elena. "La portabilidad del derecho de previsión social en la legislación comunitaria. Comparación con otras áreas del mundo y su posible extensión." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/327019.
Full textThe portablility of pension rights in the European Union is the topic of investigation in this thesis. European regulations are compared with those in other parts of the world and possible ways to strengthen the exterior dimension of the EU and the international dimension of social security are explored. The case broached in the research refers to the condition of a worker moving to a different country and who manages, thanks to freedom of movement and to the actual achievement of free movement, not to lose acquired rights: from a technical point of view, this is defined as the application of portability of social security rights. This corresponds to the application of one of main freedoms of the European Union based on the free movement of workers. The economic and social globalization process highlights the necessity for international tools to allow the governance of the phenomenon at a multilateral level. For this purpose, the research – that also includes a series of interviews with representatives of international organizations, European institutions and social security institutions of different countries – offers an analysis of the portability multilateral agreements in different areas of the world, first of all the European regulations, and their comparison, so as to reveal the limitations found and suggest possible improvements to assure the protection of social rights and the equal treatment of workers. In this analysis, some similarity appears among these agreements that permits not only a comparison towards an improvement of the system, but even better a permeation among them, through the development of the exterior dimension of the European Union. This is such as to identify of one or more tools of a universal nature, that would permit the extension of coverage on social rights portability to most countries. This fortifies the primacy of European legislation and, hence, of the European common project with respect to the interests of each Member States. This would help to achieve the objective of promoting the international dimension of social security, offering solutions of portability that could tackle the global dimensions of the migratory phenomenon.
Rieradevall, i. Pons Josep M. "Rehabilitación energética de edificios : la piel del edificio. Los polígonos de vivienda de los años 70 en Barcelona : la rehabilitación del polígono de Montbau." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285002.
Full textEn esta tesis y sobre las condiciones actuales del planeta y las condiciones particulares de una España en crisis económica, se propone un estudio que permiita analizar la eficacia de rehabilitar la piel de los edificios existentes atendiendo a criterios energéticos, económicos y de emisiones de C02 eq. La piel del edificio es la parte más expuesta a las condiciones climáticas exteriores y condiciona la demanda de energía interna para conseguir el confort para hacerlo habitable. El estudio de la envolvente, su situación actual en cuanto a demandas energéticas ,económicas y que emisiones de C02, arrojará los resultados y bondades de una rehabilitación de ésta a mediano y largo plazo. Como objeto de estudio se centró en el barrio de Montbau, conjunto de edificios constituido por unos 30 edificios de diversas características, construido en los años sesenta que acusa en sus condiciones actuales pérdida de energía a través de su envolvente y demanda un alto consumo de esta para su calefacción y refrigeración, generando de emisiones de C02 eq a la atmósfera. Para el análisis y estudio de las condiciones y posibles afectaciones se establecieron los edificios tipo representativos: edificio A dúplex, edificio E/F bloque lineal,edificio Q torre. edificio unifamiliar UNI 14 para las viviendas adosadas. Una vez conocidas las demandas y la situación de la enlvolvente de los edificios tipo, el estudio propone soluciones constructivas para su rehabilitación,a través de las cuales se mejorarían las condiciones interiores, condiciones de confort, así como la necesaria reducción de emisiones de C02 eq a la atmósfera. Para realizar la diagnosis de los edificios y estudiar su comportami ento, se utilizó el programa Desingbuilder y como motor de cálculo interno, el programa Energyplus, programa desarrollado por el Departamento de Energía de los Estados Unidos. Con este se analizó el consumo de energía y emisiones de C02 eq en función de cómo está construido un edificio y cuáles son sus instalaciones. Se realizó un modelo de los 4 edificios tipo con el programa, sus características físicas y arquitectónicas, se definió su envolvente, carpinterías, filtraciones de aire, sistemas de calefacción, producción de agua caliente,,iluminación y mediante el programa DesingBuilder de simulación energética, se hizo una evaluación de la demanda actual de energía, emisiones de C02 eq y gasto económico (poniendo precio a la energía, valores del año 2012). Para analizar el comportami ento y necesidades en climas diferentes y localizaciones alternativas se hizo el análisis hipotético en ciudades con condiciones climáticas diferentes escogiendo Madrid y Gerona como alternativas. Así mismo se realizó el estudio de las afectaciones en cuanto a variación de sus posiciones para con los resultados, extrapolar el estudio al conjunto de edificaciones y obtener los resultados globales a nivel de barrio. A lo largo de estudio se verá el análisis detallado y la evolución de los resultados a través de cuadros y gráficas que acompañan el texto para arrojar las necesidades y gastos de los edificios sin rehabilitar y estos mismos tras la rehabilitación.Las mejoras evidentes con el cambio de las carpinterías ,la intervención de la envolvente y los aislamientos con las soluciones constructivas evidenciarán en cifras las bondades y la necesidad de estas intervenciones. La pertinencia de este estudio radica en la necesidad de enfrentar temas como la rehabilitación de edificios antes de contemplar la demolición o construcción del parque inmobiliario de cara a la sostenibilidad del planeta, para ofrecer una alternativa de futuro sostenible y albergo ycobijo en condiciones óptimas. Las cifras ofrecen resultados contundentes en cuanto a gastos, costes, ahorro de energía yemisiones de gases a la atmósfera,cuyos resultados en las gráficas y cuadros ofrecen una lectura que abre espacio a futuros trabajos de investigación y puesta en marcha de proyectos tanto a nivel local como mundial
Montenegro, Martínez Marisela. "Conocimientos, agentes y articulaciones: una mirada situada a la intervención social." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5410.
Full textEsta investigación se centra en dos objetivos: 1) La revisión de desarrollos en las teorías sobre intervención social, estudiando los conceptos y principios que la fundamentan a través del análisis de algunos sistemas y modelos de intervención; y 2) La construcción de una propuesta de reflexión para la intervención social basada en discusiones en el ámbito de la definición de problemas sociales, agentes de la acción de transformación y posturas sostenidas en torno al conocimiento.
A partir conseguir estos objetivos, se ha hecho una revisión de diferentes formas de abordar la intervención social, a partir de la cual hemos identificado dos grandes modelos de intervención social: la "intervención social dirigida" y la "intervención social participativa". Siguiendo esta distinción se han analizado los conceptos fundamentales que trabajan estas perspectivas en cuanto a definición de problema social, agentes involucrados en la intervención, perspectiva en cuanto al conocimiento y cambio social posible y deseable.
Las intervenciones "dirigidas" son aquellas planificadas, ejecutadas y evaluadas por parte de equipo de profesionales y técnicos/as legitimados para ello. Éstas no buscan una transformación de la sociedad en su conjunto sino atacar aspectos que son vistos como problemáticos de modo que se puedan equilibrar los desperfectos ocasionados por el sistema a través de mecanismos e instituciones sociales preparadas y legitimadas para realizar esta intervención. Las intervenciones dirigidas que hemos estudiado son: los sistemas de "servicios sociales" y "cooperación internacional" y modelos de intervención de los grupos de apoyo mutuo. Estas intervenciones buscan incidir en los espacios y colectivos que tienen problemas (según la definición que quien está en posición de legitimidad para hacer esta definición: políticos/as y técnicos/as) y hacen la intervención desde la perspectiva de los equipos interventores.
Las intervenciones "participativas", a diferencia de las 'intervenciones dirigidas', toman al grupo afectado por algún problema social como interlocutor y actor privilegiado para la transformación social. Las perspectivas analizadas bajo esta modelo son: la psicología comunitaria, la educación popular, la teología de la liberación y la investigación acción participativa. En éstas el diseño, ejecución y evaluación de los programas y acciones se hace a partir del diálogo entre aquellas personas que intervienen y las personas afectadas por problemas concretos. A partir de la relación entre agentes externos/as (profesionales, voluntarios/as, etc.) y personas de la comunidad, es posible transformar los puntos de vista de ambos grupos y actuar conjuntamente, a partir de los recursos diferenciados, para la transformación social.
Por último, se ha creado una "mirada situada a la intervención social" que sirve de herramienta para reflexionar sobre las implicaciones que tienen los diferentes modelos que sustentan las formas de intervención social estudiadas. Se discute cómo el uso de otros marcos de comprensión (tales como el socioconstruccionismo, perspectivas feministas o el postmarxismo) puede servir para reflexionar sobre la intervención social y proponer una práctica que se aleje de las implicaciones de control social, reificación de sujetos problemáticos y preponderancia del conocimiento científico (sobre otros tipos de conocimiento) propias de los modelos actuales de intervención social.
Practices in social intervention seek to transform a certain state of affairs by means of the incidence of a team of professionals on a situation that is defined as problematic. It is taken for granted that this intervention will produce well being for those who are affected by these situations. Models of social intervention use concepts such as: "social problem", "excluded population", "scientific knowledge", etc. that legitimise the action of the intervention team.
This research has two main objectives: 1) A review of different developments in social intervention (social work) theories in order to analyse the main concepts and principles that support the idea of social intervention in some systems and models of intervention; and 2) To produce a "situated look" to social intervention; that is, a frame of reflection based in discussions around de definition of "social problem", agents that develop transformation action and knowledge.
Two general models of social intervention have been identified from the review of different developments: "directed social intervention" and "participatory social intervention". Taking in account this distinction, the analysis has been centred in which concept of social problem, which agencies are involved, which perspectives are taken to understand knowledge process and which are the possible and the desirable social change proposed in each case.
"Directed social interventions" are those that are planned, executed and evaluated by professionals that are legitimised for this work. These do not seek social transformation of society as a whole, but work on different aspects that are seen as problematic from the point of view of the institutions whose responsibility is to execute these interventions. The "directed social interventions" that have been analysed are: The "social services" and "international co-operation" systems and models of social work in self help groups. These interventions seek to make an influence on spaces and groups that are defined (from a legitimated position such as political and professional ambits) as problematic.
The "participatory social intervention", on the contrary, consider that the group that is affected by some social problem is a an interlocutor and privileged agent for social transformation. The main statement of these perspectives is that people affected by social problems must be part of the solution of those problems. The perspectives that have been analysed with this model are: community psychology, popular education, theology of liberation and participatory action research. In these interventions the design, execution and evaluation of social programs and actions is a result of the dialog between those who intervene and those who are affected by the particular problems. Through this relationship it is possible to transform the points of view of both groups and to jointly act, taking differentiated resources, towards social transformation.
Finally, it is discussed what are the implications of the models that sustain the different social work perspectives studied, through a "situated look to social intervention" constructed in the research process. This discussion considerates how the use of theoretical approaches different from the social intervention's theoretical frames (such as social constructionism, feminists perspectives or post-Marxism) can be useful to reflect critically upon social intervention and to propose practices that avoid the implications of social control, definition of problematic subjects and prevalence of scientific knowledge, present in actual models of social intervention
Franco, Vásquez Liliana Yaned. "Tres ensayos sobre las desigualdades regionales en Colombia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/383047.
Full textThe thesis consists of three independent chapters thematically connected. Chapter one analyzes the problem of the departmental convergence in Colombia between the periods of 1975-2005. For that is proposed the estimation of convergence equation with individual effect fixed, calculating stationary state from equilibrium to each department to pay attention to valor of this individual effect fixed and to define convergence clubs to pay attention the similarity of each stationary state. Chapter 2 investigates the determinants of factor productivity growth of industry in the departments of Colombia. Here we decompose productivity change into efficiency change, technical change, and scale effects. Chapter 3 considers the technical efficiency of the main industrial sectors, through a stochastic frontier model, and considering the influence of the spatial dependence on the estimate. The results of the thesis suggests that in Colombia there has been a polarization process in production, as economic disparities between departments are increasing in recent years.
Ribas, Marí Carme. "Dependencia positiva. Su influencia en el riesgo de la cartera." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2126.
Full textAhmed, Nasreldin Osama. "Using statistical copulas to measure dependence in the agrofood sector." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285931.
Full textEsta tesis se compone de tres artículos científicos cuyo nexo de unión es el uso de copulas estadísticas para analizar dependencia en el ámbito de la economía agroalimentaria. En el primer artículo, se estudia cómo la introducción de los contratos de seguro de ingresos agrícolas en España puede afectar el coste de la contratación de un seguro, en comparación con el tradicional seguro de rendimientos agrícolas. El análisis empírico se centra en los sectores de la manzana y la naranja en España. Las cópulas estadísticas se utilizan para modelar la dependencia entre los precios y los rendimientos agrarios. Los métodos Monte Carlo se utilizan para simular del importe de las primas del seguro de ingresos y del seguro de rendimientos. Los resultados indican que es probable que el seguro de ingresos reduzca el costo de los seguros agrarios en España, lo que puede conllevar una mayor aceptación y demanda de programas de seguros agrícolas. El segundo artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar la dependencia entre los precios al productor y al consumidor en el mercado del mijo en Níger. Los vínculos entre los precios considerados son evaluados mediante un análisis de cointegración y el método estadístico de cópula. Los resultados sugieren la existencia de una relación positiva entre el precio del productor y del consumidor, la cuál aumenta cuanto más próximos se encuentren los mercados. También se han hallado evidencias de asimetría en el comportamiento de los precios. El último artículo evalúa la transmisión de precios a lo largo de la cadena de comercialización alimentaria egipcia del tomate. El estudio se centra en el período posterior a la Primavera Árabe. Métodos de copula estática y dinámica se utilizan con este propósito. Los resultados sugieren la existencia de una relación positiva entre los precios al productor, mayorista y vendedor al detalle. Esta dependencia positiva presenta asimetrías durante los eventos extremos del mercado, que conllevan que el aumento de los precios se transfiriera de manera más completa a lo largo de la cadena de suministro que las disminuciones de precio.
Pérez, Marín Ana María. "Survival methods for the analysis of customer lifetime duration in insurance." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1476.
Full textEn la tesis se analiza el tiempo de permanencia del asegurado como cliente de la compañía de seguros a través de la utilización de un modelo propuesto para tal efecto y denominado "Naive Local Constant". Se analizan datos sobre la cancelación de pólizas proporcionadas por una aseguradora danesa y se extraen conclusiones sobre los factores asociados a una menor duración de la vida del asegurado dentro de la compañía y sobre la gestión del riesgo de negocio en la misma.
Flores, Baquero Óscar. "Development of methods for monitoring the water and sanitation sector at different scales through human rights lenses." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/322550.
Full textThe recognition of the Human right to Water and Sanitation (HRWS) through UN General Assembly and Human rights Council Resolutions in 2010 represents great progress in the Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) sector as it entitles everyone to the provision of minimum standards of these essential services. Much effort has gone into the recognition of these emerging human rights so it is essential now to shift discussion from legal and conceptual framework to practice. In this sense, three facts give the motivation to this thesis: First, international institutions have the authority to monitor States compliance with the Human right to Water and Sanitation (HRWS) but the necessary tools for this task are not ready yet. Secondly, this milestone influences governance and decision making processes at different scales. And finally, measuring access to water in the Sustainable Development Goals era involves taking into account the human rights framework. Therefore, its content should be considered to conceptualize the level of service through adequate indicators and to follow-up inequities reduction at global, national and local level. Accordingly, this work contributes significantly to each of one the three challenges presented. First, human development sector has a wider experience on using information about progress which provides a perfect opportunity to develop this further. WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) and UN Water GLAAS datasets could be used for those with a mandate to monitoring the right, contributing to this challenge. Consequently, the information they offer has been analysed through a human rights lens. A matrix has been constructed to specifically identify in which extend their datasets could be combined to monitoring HRWS in a broad sense. JMP-led post-2015 proposal considerably contributes with outcome indicators to measure right holders' enjoyment of the right and GLAAS adds structural and process ones to measure duty bearers' conduct. However, there are still some critical gaps if both UN Water platforms will be used to report progress on HRWS. The thesis forwards some ideas concerning the way these shortcomings could be addressed.Second, this work proposes a methodology for monitoring access to water in rural areas using the framework of this human right. The practicality of the approach is demonstrated by a case study carried out in Nicaragua. Different criteria of the right to water were included in surveys and structured interviews that were conducted in rural households and water committees, respectively. Discussion analyses advantages and challenges of using this framework. Finally, the approach provides elements for policy making that can be used by different stakeholders from development and human rights sectors. Finally, this research develops and tests a methodology to measure intra-community disparities based on human right to water normative criteria through a stratified sampling, splitting households served by community based organizations and those self-provided. This approach implies considering much reduced populations, thus special care needs to be taken with sample sizes and uncertainty of estimators. The proposed methodology is practical to locate and accurately characterize minority sectors within rural communities and allows moving beyond central-tendency estimators. It implies higher costs for field data collection than traditional approaches, but this can be assumed given the relevance of the approach from a human rights perspective, which calls for adequate tools for equity-oriented policy making at local level. The research point out how results might be used to shape decision-making processes