Relevant bibliographies by topics / Vitrification process

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Academic literature on the topic 'Vitrification process'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Vitrification process"

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Faltus, Milos, Alois Bilavcik, Stacy Denise Hammond Hammond, and Jiri Zamecnik. "Vitrification process control by DSC." Cryobiology 109 (December 2022): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2022.11.074.

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Odagaki, Takashi, and Akira Yoshimori. "Localization transition in the vitrification process." Physica B: Condensed Matter 296, no. 1-3 (February 2001): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(00)00796-1.

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Short, Rick, Nick Gribble, Edward Turner, and Andrew D. Riley. "Using the Vitrification Test Rig for Process Improvements on the Waste Vitrification Plants." Advances in Science and Technology 73 (October 2010): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.73.176.

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The Vitrification Test Rig (VTR) is a full scale non-active waste vitrification plant (WVP), that replicates the lines used for immobilising highly active reprocessing waste at Sellafield in the UK. In the high level waste (HLW) vitrification process, liquid HLW is dried in a rotating tube furnace then mixed with an alkali borosilicate glass frit. This mixture is heated to form a homogeneous product glass that is poured, cooled and stored in steel canisters. The primary function of the VTR is to trial and develop methods to increase the efficiency of high level waste processing at the active WVP. Efficiency gains are mainly achieved by increasing the rate at which the immobilised product is created and by increasing the ratio of HLW to glass frit in the product. The VTR has also been used to investigate the chemistry of various process additions and conditions, the effects of potential fault scenarios, and the processing of dilute waste streams that will be received by WVP in the future. All of these areas have the potential to improve processing efficiency through the optimisation of process conditions and the minimisation of unplanned plant outages. This paper discusses several VTR campaigns that have led to overall improvements of WVP operation.
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Romero, M., and J. M. Rincón. "El proceso de vitrificación/cristalización controlada aplicado al reciclado de residuos industriales inorgánicos." Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio 39, no. 1 (February 28, 2000): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/cyv.2000.v39.i1.884.

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Peymani, R., S. Najmabadi, H. Badrzadeh, T. M. Macaso, Z. Azadbadi, and A. Ahmady. "Comparison of two vitrification solutions on the outcome of vitrification/thaw process in a closed vitrification system, V-Kim." Fertility and Sterility 90 (September 2008): S286—S287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.1105.

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F. N. C, Anyaegbunam. "Hazardous Waste Vitrification by Plasma Gasification Process." IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology 8, no. 3 (2014): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2402-08311519.

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Schug, Brett W., and Matthew J. Realff. "Analysis of waste vitrification product-process systems." Computers & Chemical Engineering 22, no. 6 (June 1998): 789–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0098-1354(98)80002-1.

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Masrat-Un-Nisa, Asloob Ahmad Malik, Khursheed Ahmad Sofi, Arjuma Khatun, and Nahida Yousuf. "Recent Advancements in Vitrification Cryodevices for Gamete and Gonadal Tissue." Cryoletters 43, no. 3 (May 1, 2022): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54680/fr22310110112.

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Cryopreservation of gametes and gonadal tissue is nowadays primarily accomplished through vitrification. Variables such as cooling rate, viscosity and volume of vitrification solution are critical in gamete vitrification. In addition, sample size and stepwise exposure are also crucial for gonadal tissue vitrification. Recently a class of cryodevices has been developed to reduce the volume of vitrification solution so as to achieve higher cooling rates. Vitrification devices are classified as "open" or "closed" depending on whether the medium comes into direct contact with liquid nitrogen during the process. Examples of the open cryodevices for gamete vitrification are Cryotop, Cryolock, open pulled straw (OPS), etc., and closed devices are Vitrisafe, CryoTip, and high security vitrification kit. Similarly, for tissue vitrification open cryodevices used are needles, cryovials and closed devices used are Cryotissue, ovarian tissue cryosystem, etc. Among all the gamete cryodevices, Cryotop is unique and the best-selling micro-volume storage device. Use of this device has resulted in the highest number of babies born after embryo or oocyte vitrification. Another novel device, Kitasato vitrification system, is a vitrification solution absorber, which is similar to Cryotop but differs in one way, as it possesses a porous membrane that absorbs extra solution from the gamete. This review provides an update on the recent use of cryodevices for gamete and gonadal tissue vitrification.
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Widjiati, Widjiati, Epy Muhammad Luqman, and Portia Sumarsono. "Comparison of Morula and Blastula Embryo Vitrification by Using Cryoprotectant Ethylene Glycol, Propanediol, DMSO and Insulin Transferrin Selenium." KnE Life Sciences 3, no. 6 (December 3, 2017): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v3i6.1129.

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Vitrification is freezing method with low temperature (-196ºC) using high concentrations of cryoprotectants with a view to preventing the formation of ice crystals that can damage cells and decrease the viability of the embryo blastomeres. Embryos post warming which has low viability when transferred to a recipient will decrease the pregnancy rate. Intracellular cryoprotectants used in vitrification is ethylene glycol, propanediol, or DMSO. The third type of cryoprotectants has different capacities to protect the morula and blastocyst stage embryos. This study aims to decide the exact type of cryoprotectants in protecting the morula and blastocyst stage embryos when vitrification process. Research methods were divided into three groups of cryoprotectants that group treatment 1 (P1): Ethylene Glycol 30% + Sucrose 1 M + Insulin Transferrin Selenium 15 mL, group treatment 2 (P2): Propanediol 30% + Sucrose 1 M + Insulin Transferrin Selenium 15 mL, treatment Group 3 (P3): DMSO 30% + Sucrose 1 M + Insulin Transferrin Selenium 15 mL. The data obtained were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results of research that use Propanediol at the morula stage embryo vitrification is not significantly different from the Ethylene glycol but significantly different from DMSO. Then use Ethylene Glycol at the blastocyst stage embryo vitrification significantly different with Propanediol and DMSO and DMSO Propanediol but usage is no different. The conclusion of this study is Propanediol used as cryoprotectants in the vitrification process morula stage embryos, while ethylene glycol used as cryoprotectants the blastocyst stage embryo vitrification process.Keywords: vitrification; ethylene glycol; propanediol; DMSO; morula; blastocyst
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Odagaki, Takashi. "Non-Ergodicity and Non-Gaussianity in Vitrification Process." Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement 126 (1997): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptps.126.9.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vitrification process"

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Paraiso, Kolani. "Modélisation et simulation numérique de l’élaboration du verre dans les procédés de vitrification des déchets nucléaires de haute activité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS401.

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Le procédé de calcination-vitrification est la solution utilisée en France depuis plus de 30 ans pour le conditionnement des déchets nucléaires de haute activité issus du retraitement des combustibles usés. L’utilisation des outils numériques s’est rapidement révélée indispensable dans la démarche de compréhension et d’amélioration continue du procédé. Depuis une dizaine d’années, des travaux de simulation numérique des aspects thermiques, hydrauliques et électromagnétiques des fours de vitrification ont été réalisés notamment dans le cadre du développement du creuset froid, un nouveau type de four mis en service en 2010. Dans la continuité de ces travaux, il s’agit dans cette étude d’ajouter aux simulations existantes, les aspects chimiques se déroulant lors de l’élaboration du verre notamment lors de l’alimentation du bain de verre en précurseurs (fritte de verre et déchets calcinés). En ce sens, une modélisation d’un point de vue cinétique et enthalpique du mécanisme réactionnel a été proposée à partir des données d’analyses thermiques. Le couplage de ce modèle avec les outils de simulations magnéto-thermo-hydrauliques a été mis en œuvre et validé à partir des essais réalisés à l’échelle maquette et sur la base des données existantes à l’échelle industrielle. Une attention particulière a été accordée à l’identification de la nature des réactions chimiques
The calcination-vitrification process has been used in France for over 30 years for the containment of high level nuclear waste arising from the spent fuel reprocessing. The use of numerical tools has proved to be essential for the process understanding and optimization. In the past ten years,numerical simulation works on the thermal, hydraulic and electromagnetic aspects involved in the vitrification process have been carried out in the context of the cold crucible development, a new type of furnace commissioned in 2010. As a continuation of these studies, the objective of the phd work is to add to the existing simulations, a modeling of the chemical aspects taking place during the nuclear glass synthesis, especially during the feeding with glass frit and calcine. In this perspective, a kinetic modeling of the reaction mechanism has been proposed based on data from thermal analyses. The coupling of this model with the magneto-thermo-hydraulic simulation tools was implemented and validated based on tests carried out at the mock-up scale and data from the industrial scale. Particular attention has been paid to identifying the nature of chemical reactions
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Delattre, Olivier. "Cristallisation de fontes verrières d’intérêt nucléaire en présence d’un gradient thermique : application aux auto-creusets produits en creuset froid." Thesis, Orléans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ORLE2035/document.

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Dans le cadre de la vitrification des déchets nucléaires de haute activité à vie longue, un nouveau procédé a été mis en service à l’usine de La Hague en 2010 : le procédé creuset froid. Dans ce procédé, des gradients thermiques apparaissent au sein du bain de verre. Celui-ci forme une couche solide au contact de la paroi froide, appelée « auto-creuset ». Dans cette zone, le verre est soumis à des températures où il peut potentiellement cristalliser. L’objectif de ce travail était de déterminer la microstructure de cet auto-creuset en précisant les zones de cristallisation. Parallèlement, il s’agissait d’évaluer l’impact du gradient thermique sur la cristallisation des verres considérés. La cristallisation de deux verres d’intérêt nucléaire a donc été étudiée à l’aide d’une méthode basée sur l’analyse d’images MEB en conditions de traitements isotherme et sous gradient thermique. Les analyses en isotherme mettent en évidence la cristallisation de cristaux d’apatite (660°C-900°C) et de powellite (630°C-900°C) et permettent de quantifier cette cristallisation (vitesses de croissance et de nucléation, fraction cristallisée) qui reste très limitée (< 3%). La comparaison des résultats issus de ces deux types d’expérimentations montre que le gradient thermique n’a pas d’impact mesurable sur les cristallisations observées. Afin de compléter les analyses surfaciques de la cristallisation, des mesures par microtomographie in et ex situ ont été réalisées à l’ESRF sur la ligne ID19. Cette étude a permis de suivre la cristallisation d’apatites dans un verre simplifié et de confirmer la fiabilité de la méthode de quantification de la cristallisation basée sur l’analyse d’images 2D
In the context of the vitrification of high level nuclear waste, a new industrial process has been launched in 2010 at the La Hague factory: The skull melting process. This setup applies thermal gradients to the melt, which leads to the formation of a solid layer of glass: the “self-crucible”. The question would be to know whether these thermal gradients have an impact or not on the crystallization behaviour of the considered glasses in the self crucible. In order to answer that question, the crystallization of two glass compositions of nuclear interest has been investigated with an image analysis based method in isothermal and thermal gradient heat treatments conditions. The isothermals experiments allow for the quantification (growth speed, nucleation, crystallized fraction) of the crystallization of apatites (660°C-900°C) and powellites (630°C- 900°C). The comparison of the results obtained through these two types of experimentations allows us to conclude that there is no impact of the thermal gradient on the crystallization of the studied glass compositions. In order to complete the image analysis study (based on surfaces), in and ex situ microtomography experiments have been performed at ESRF (Grenoble) on the ID10 beamline. This study allowed us to follow the crystallization of apatites in a simplified glass and to confirm the reliability of the image analysis method based on the analysis of surfaces
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TANNOURY, MONA. "Cryoconservation d'apex d'oeillet (dianthus caryophyllus l. ) et d'embryons somatiques de carotte (daucus carota l. ) par les procedes d'enrobage-deshydratation et d'enrobage-vitrification." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066475.

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Des procedes de cryoconservation ont ete mis au point a partir d'apex d'oeillet et d'embryons somatiques de carotte. Ils comportent un enrobage prealable des apex et des embryons dans des billes d'alginate et une preculture en presence de concentration elevees en saccharose (0,3 a 1m). Avec la methode d'encapsulation-deshydratation, la deshydratation est obtenue par evaporation dans un flux d'air sterile, a temperature ambiante. Dans la technique d'encapsulation-vitrification, les apex enrobes sont incubes dans une solution aqueuse concentree contenant 35% de saccharose et 38% d'ethylene glycol. Des taux de survie analogues, superieurs a 90%, ont pu etre obtenus avec les deux procedes. Ils ne dependent pas de la vitesse de refroidissement et de la duree de stockage a 196c. Une etude en microcalorimetrie differentielle a montre que la survie des organes enrobes est en rapport etroit avec l'existence de transitions vitreuses au refroidissement, comme au rechauffement. L'etude cytologique des apex d'illet et des embryons somatiques de carotte montre que la presque totalite des cellules meristematiques survivent apres les differentes etapes des protocoles de cryoconservation, malgre la presence de modifications mineures. Dans le cas des embryons somatiques de carotte, les cellules les plus sensibles a la congelation sont celles des assises superficielles
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Books on the topic "Vitrification process"

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U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Division of Fuel Cycle Safety and Safeguards. and Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses (Southwest Research Institute), eds. Survey of waste solidification process technologies. Washington, DC: Division of Fuel Cycle Safety and Safeguards, Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2001.

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Cairns, P. W. Monitoring of Ruthenium in Process Gases in Vitrification Plants. AEA Technology Plc, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Vitrification process"

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Hubert, Pierre. "French Vitrification Process Safety Issues." In Nuclear Materials Safety Management Volume II, 95–103. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4501-5_14.

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Thompson, C. J. "British Vitrification Process Safety Issues." In Nuclear Materials Safety Management Volume II, 105–11. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4501-5_15.

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Claes, Jef. "Mol Vitrification Process (Pamela) Safety Issues." In Nuclear Materials Safety Management Volume II, 117–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4501-5_17.

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Peeler, DK, AD Cozzi, RF Schumacher, IA Reamer, and RJ Workman. "Recovery of Palladium VIA a Vitrification Process." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 25–31. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118407950.ch3.

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Trauwaert, Etienne, and Maurits Demonie. "Plutonium Handling and Vitrification: Main Process Steps and their Cost Evaluation." In Disposal of Weapon Plutonium, 51–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0161-2_5.

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Gao, Feng. "Human Sperm Vitrification: Review of Recent Progress." In Embryology Update [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106267.

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Sperm vitrification has been used in the field of assisted reproductive technology (ART) for years and has resulted in many healthy live births. Compared to the conventional sperm slow freezing method, vitrification is simpler, quicker, and less expensive, and some vitrification methods are also cryoprotectant free, which has the potential to become an alternative cryopreservation method for human sperm. Human sperm vitrification has been the most commonly used and valuable way to preserve the fertility of males with small numbers of spermatozoa. Recently, new sperm vitrification devices have been developed to help improve volume control. Direct contact during the vitrification process with liquid nitrogen increases the risk of cross-contamination. New strategies have been implemented to minimize the contamination risk. Depending on the variety of semen parameters and patients’ purposes at ART clinics, specific sperm cryopreservation approaches should be personalized to achieve the optimal results for each case.
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S. Aljaser, Feda. "Cryopreservation Methods and Frontiers in the Art of Freezing Life in Animal Models." In Veterinary Medicine and Science. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101750.

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The development in cryobiology in animal breeding had revolutionized the field of reproductive medicine. The main objective to preserve animal germplasm stems from variety of reasons such as conservation of endangered animal species, animal diversity, and an increased demand of animal models and/or genetically modified animals for research involving animal and human diseases. Cryopreservation has emerged as promising technique for fertility preservation and assisted reproduction techniques (ART) for production of animal breeds and genetically engineered animal species for research. Slow rate freezing and rapid freezing/vitrification are the two main methods of cryopreservation. Slow freezing is characterized by the phase transition (liquid turning into solid) when reducing the temperature below freezing point. Vitrification, on the other hand, is a phenomenon in which liquid solidifies without the formation of ice crystals, thus the process is referred to as a glass transition or ice-free cryopreservation. The vitrification protocol applies high concentrations of cryoprotective agents (CPA) used to avoid cryoinjury. This chapter provides a brief overview of fundamentals of cryopreservation and established methods adopted in cryopreservation. Strategies involved in cryopreserving germ cells (sperm and egg freezing) are included in this chapter. Last section describes the frontiers and advancement of cryopreservation in some of the important animal models like rodents (mouse and rats) and in few large animals (sheep, cow etc).
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"Front Matter." In Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous, Radioactive, and Mixed Wastes: 3rd Volume, FM1—FM12. ASTM International100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp14100s.

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Stabilization and solidification (S/S) technologies have been used for decades as a final treatment step prior to the disposal of radioactive and chemically hazardous wastes. STP 1240 provides you with the latest technical exchange of S/S information available from both of these scientific communities. The majority of papers addresses leachability and durability, the two principal issues associated with long-term containment prospects of waste treated with this technology. 47 papers in 7 sections cover: Basic Considerations in the Application of Vitrification Technologies • Organic Wastes • Mechanisms of Containment • Process Technology Development and Evaluation (Parts I and II) • Emerging Technologies • Field Application and Full-Scale Testing. For remedial cleanup contractors, hazardous waste treatment and cleaning consultants, professors and researchers of hazardous waste.
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Shinde, Jayesh Parasharam. "Assisted Hatching." In Advances in Assisted Reproduction Technologies, 174–94. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815051667122050010.

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The selected Spermatozoa when it reaches the ovulated Cumulus Oocyte Complex after ovulation, dispersion of the granulosa cells and corona radiata cells occur. The Spermatozoa then must cross the Zona Pellucida (ZP), fuse with the oolemma, and then subsequently fertilize the oocyte. Embryologist Karl Ernst von Baer coined the term ‘Zona Pellucida’ from Greek work Zone which means belt or girdle and Latin work Pellucida which means transparent or shining. This extracellular matrix is about 13-15 um thick and surrounds all the mammalian eggs and pre-implantation embryos. Zona Pellucida structure is made up of carbohydrates, specific proteins, glycoproteins, hyaluronic acid, heparin, collagen, and fibrous proteins. Human Zona Pellucida contains 4 glycosylated proteins namely ZP1, ZP2, ZP3, and ZP4. ZP plays an important role in helping oocytes to transport essential nutrients and helps in avoiding polyspermy by hardening after fertilization. The embryos must break open the protective ZP layer to the implant, the process is called hatching. It is said that in Assisted reproductive treatment (ART) factors such as the non-availability of enzymes from the endometrium which helps in hatching, extended culture, vitrification may lead to failure in the hatching of embryos from ZP. It was postulated that micromanipulation of ZP to create an opening will help the embryos to hatch and thus implant and will lead to an increase in Implantation rates (IR). This process was later called Assisted Hatching (AH). Various methods were discovered for Assisted hatching such as mechanical ZP AH, zona digestion using enzymes, and laser-Assisted hatching. This chapter will focus on the advantages and disadvantages of each method of AH and their applications in ART along with the impact of AH on clinical outcomes. The use of any method of AH should be chosen carefully to avoid damage to the embryo which will defy the whole purpose of application of AH. In any case, laser-assisted hatching is widely used for Pre- Implantation Genetic Testing (PGT) of the embryos as it is very safe if applied properly, convenient, easy to use, and faster compared to other methods of AH. Each laboratory should identify the correct time and stage at which application of AH is considered based on whether it is helping to improve clinical rates or not.
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Conference papers on the topic "Vitrification process"

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Coulibaly, K., F. Genet, Daniel Morvan, M. F. Renou-Gonnord, and Jacques Amouroux. "PLASMA PROCESS FOR THE VITRIFICATION OF INCINERATION FLYASH." In Progress in Plasma Processing of Materials, 1999. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/itppc-1998.1110.

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Stochero da Silva, Álisson Renan, Jacqueline Copetti, Mario Henrique Macagnan, Guilherme Steffenon, and Massoxi Cuiêca. "NUMERICAL-EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF CRYOPRESERVATION PROCESS BY DROPLET VITRIFICATION." In 26th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2021.cob2021-1255.

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Canty, Christopher, and Tod Canty. "Viewing of Radioactive Material Including Vitrification Processes." In ASME 2023 International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2023-110329.

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Abstract High Temperature cameras allow ideal visual inspection and verification in extreme temperature environments. A unique fused glass seal provides an impenetrable safety barrier between the camera electronics and the harsh process environments. The camera is protected from high temperatures, fumes and radiation. The dynamic imaging system provides a live view of the process, and analyzes the process by generating critical real time measurement data. In nuclear waste vitrification, radioactive material is heated with glass forming additives and poured into a containment vessel to cool into a uniform glass product. The use of high temperature camera systems allows verification that the melting and cooling processes are uniform and repeatable, by providing a live view and analysis of the process. This allows for maximum efficiency and safety, while maximizing the percentage of waste that can be immobilized in the glass product. The paper outlines the critical steps in the disposal of nuclear waste, including the vitrification processes. The strategies used to ensure process safety and efficiency are examined and the critical measurements in each step are determined. It is demonstrated that High Temperature cameras are a useful tool for monitoring those critical measurements to improve the processes of nuclear waste vitrification.
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Suzuki, Shunzi. "The Ebara Advanced Fluidization Process for Energy Recovery and Ash Vitrification." In 15th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec15-006.

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The Ebara Corporation has developed several types of fluidized bed reactors for the processing of various types of solid wastes. The Ebara Advanced Fluidization Process for energy recovery and ash vitrification has been applied in the fifteen plants (29 lines) listed in Table 1. Most of them process municipal solid wastes (MSW) and plant capacities range from 100 (Sakata) to 300 (Tokyo) tones per day. The total treatment capacity is about 2,700 tones per day and the thermal capacity 387 M W.
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Prince, Robert E., and Bradley W. Bowan. "Lessons Learned Siting and Successfully Processing U.S. DOE Radioactive Wastes Using a High Throughput Vitrification Process." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4836.

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This paper describes actual experience applying a technology to achieve volume reduction while producing a stable waste form for low and intermediate level liquid (L/ILW) wastes, and the L/ILW fraction produced from pre-processing of high level wastes. The chief process addressed will be vitrification. The joule-heated ceramic melter vitrification process has been used successfully on a number of waste streams produced by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). This paper will address lessons learned in achieving dramatic improvements in process throughput, based on actual pilot and full-scale waste processing experience. Since 1991, Duratek, Inc., and its long-term research partner, the Vitreous State Laboratory of The Catholic University of America, have worked to continuously improve joule heated ceramic melter vitrification technology in support of waste stabilization and disposition in the United States. From 1993 to 1998, under contact to the DOE, the team designed, built, and operated a joule-heated melter (the DuraMelterTM) to process liquid mixed (hazardous/low activity) waste material at the Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina. This melter produced 1,000,000 kilograms of vitrified waste, achieving a volume reduction of approximately 70 percent and ultimately producing a waste form that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) delisted for its hazardous classification. The team built upon its SRS M Area experience to produce state-of-the-art melter technology that will be used at the DOE’s Hanford site in Richland, Washington. Since 1998, the DuraMelterTM has been the reference vitrification technology for processing both the high level waste (HLW) and low activity waste (LAW) fractions of liquid HLW waste from the U.S. DOE’s Hanford site. Process innovations have doubled the throughput and enhanced the ability to handle problem constituents in LAW. This paper provides lessons learned from the operation and testing of two facilities that provide the technology for a vitrification system that will be used in the stabilization of the low level fraction of Hanford’s high level tank wastes.
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Sakai, Akira, Hajime Koikegami, Nobuyuki Miura, and Eiji Ochi. "Development of Glass Melter Technology for HLLW Vitrification in Japan." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30693.

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This paper describes the development of glass melter technology, primarily the liquid fed joule-heated ceramic melter process (LFCM) for the vitrificaton of high-level radioactive liquid waste (HLLW) since 1977 in Japan. In 2013 the active test at the vitrification facility (K-facility) in Rokkasho commercial reprocessing plant was successfully completed for the final acceptance test. During this period many activities on LFCM process development have been carried out in the engineering scale or the full-scale inactive cold tests including the radioactive laboratory scale hot tests. In particular, the design of melter bottom structure and the operating method should be optimized in order to avoid the operational problems caused by accumulation of noble metals (Ru, Rh, Pd), electro-conducive deposits on the melter bottom. Through the operation of inactive and active test facilities in Tokai, the design basis for the Tokai Vitrification Facility (TVF) has been provided. The hot operation of the TVF was started in 1995 to demonstrate the LFCM process including the performance of the melter off-gas clean-up system etc. The TVF has provided the basis of the process design and the operation method for the K-facility melter in Rokkasho. In case of commercial scale vitrification, the glass production rate of the melter should be several times larger than that of the TVF. The K-facility full-scale inactive mock-up melter (KMOC) has been planned to confirm the influence of scale-up factors and the difference between Tokai and Rokkasho wastes. Through the testing operation of the KMOC, which was initially started in 2000, it has been found that the stable formation of a cold cap on a molten glass surface is fundamentally important to avoid the excessive precipitation of noble metals and the yellow phase formation. The active test of the K-facility has been proceeding under the same conditions as the KMOC, and was successfully completed in May, 2013. The advanced glass melter development programs have also commenced from 2009 to ensure a more robust and noble metals are compatible with the LFCM system and also to provide a higher processing rate. The second K-facility full-scale inactive mock-up melter (K2MOC) has been installed in the vitrification technology development facility (X-14) at Rokkasho. Its testing operation has commenced from November, 2013.
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Coltella, Thomas, Francesca Valente, Veronica Pierantoni, Cristina Ricci, Michele Frignani, Monica Linda Frogheri, Matteo Di Prinzio, Mario Mariani, Elena Macerata, and Simone Tiozzo. "Nuclear Waste Treatment: Vitrification of Iron-Phosphate Sludge." In ASME 2023 International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2023-110227.

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Abstract Within the framework of developing advanced processes for nuclear waste treatment, Ansaldo Nucleare is developing and testing an innovative technology to perform the conditioning of radioactive ferrous waste materials, classified as Low and Intermediate Level Waste (LILW), resulting from decommissioning activities of Nuclear Facilities. This technology is based on a patented process dedicated to the treatment of decontamination solutions coming from the pickling process of the metallic components, with the aim to minimize the waste to be disposed, in an inert final product, and maximize the freely released material, that once it is decontaminated can be recycled. The process results in the production of a radioactive sludge, made mostly of iron-phosphate salts, which can be thermally treated to produce a ready-to-storage, homogenous and chemically resistant glass product. The process was first tested at laboratory scale and then in a pilot plant, installed at Politecnico di Milano. The main strengths of this innovative technology are: • Lower amount of fresh materials/chemicals requested for the waste treatment, resulting in lower costs associated with the process, also thanks to the continuous recycling of the pickling solution; • Lower volume and higher long-term stability of the nuclear waste for the final storage; • Facility with reduced footprint and transportable, designed to be installed in commercial containers.
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CHARPIN, Thomas, Alain LEDOUX, Caroline MICHEL, Sophie SCHULLER, Dominique THOMAS, and Frédéric POINEAU. "Volatilization and recapture of radiotoxic components in the radioactive waste vitrification process." In 14th Mediterranean Congress of Chemical Engineering (MeCCE14). Grupo Pacífico, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.48158/mecce-14.dg.10.09.

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Caponi, S., S. Corezzi, D. Fioretto, A. Fontana, G. Monaco, F. Rossi, A. D’Amore, Domenico Acierno, and Luigi Grassia. "Vibrational Properties Of A Reactive Mixture Investigated During A Chemical Vitrification Process." In V INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TIMES OF POLYMERS (TOP) AND COMPOSITES. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3455586.

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Balan, Ion, Nicolae Rosca, Sergiu Balacci, Vladimir Buzan, Vlada Furdui, Roman Cretu, Gheorghii Bacu, Vlad Temciuc, Ecaterina Vihrist, and Artiom Filippov. "Perspectivele crioconservării materialului seminal la aplicarea principiilor vitrificării cinetice." In Scientific and practical conference with international participation: "Management of the genetic fund of animals – problems, solutions, outlooks". Scientific Practical Institute of Biotechnologies in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61562/mgfa2023.02.

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Currently, the most widely used application of sperm preservation is slow freezing, but during this process, sperm undergo cryodestruction, which reduces via-bility and fertility properties. One of the alternatives to slow freezing for spermatozoa is kinetic vitrification, with emerging potential showing encouraging results for vitrification of sperm used in assisted reproduction technologies of the animal kingdom. The application of kinetic vitrification principles is seen as a perspective methodology to different experi-mental models of semen cryopreservation. Kinetic vitrification, in addition to being free of permeable cryoprotectants, includes other advantages such as simplicity, speed, low cost, maintenance of important physiological parameters such as mitochondrial membrane po-tential and DNA integrity. Furthermore, vitrification without cryoprotectants may produce more biological and smaller transverse changes in reproductive cells. Also, the success of cryopreservation is measured by sperm motility after devitrification, where kinetic vitrifi-cation has not yet achieved satisfactory results in experiments performed on the semen of some animals. Thus, in order to elucidate some authentic statements regarding the success of vitrification on the quality of the devitrified semen of different animal species, more stud-ies are needed to obtain sperm viability after devitrification.
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Reports on the topic "Vitrification process"

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Smith, F. G. Am/Cm Vitrification Process: Vitrification Material Balance Calculations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/775070.

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Smith, F. G. Am/Cm Vitrification Process: Vitrification Material Balance Calculations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/760271.

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Coordes, D., M. Ruggieri, J. Russell, W. TenBrook, and P. Yimbo. Preliminary hazards analysis -- vitrification process. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10172540.

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Hrma, Pavel R., Michael J. Schweiger, Benjamin M. Arrigoni, Carissa J. Humrickhouse, V. V. Mantay, Jose Marcial, J. Adam Moody, et al. Effect of Melter-Feed-Makeup on Vitrification Process. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1526731.

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Smith, F. G. Am/Cm Vitrification Process: Pretreatment Material Balance Calculations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/775071.

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Smith, F. G. Am/Cm Vitrification Process: Pretreatment Material Balance Calculations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/760272.

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Langerman, M. A., and R. J. MacKinnon. Scaling considerations for modeling the in situ vitrification process. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6306107.

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Lowery, P. S., J. Luey, D. K. Seiler, J. S. Tixier, and C. L. Timmerman. Depth enhancement techniques for the in situ vitrification process. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/28246.

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Siemens, D. H., W. O. Heath, D. E. Larson, S. N. Craig, D. N. Berger, and R. W. Goles. High level radioactive waste vitrification process equipment component testing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5791796.

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Elmore, M. R., and G. A. Jensen. Materials selection for process equipment in the Hanford waste vitrification plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5528598.

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