Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Viticulture – Aspect environnemental – France'
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Saint-Ges, Véronique. "Innovations environnementales dans la viticulture : une lecture économique du cas girondin." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40030.
Full textUgalde, Diana. "Conception d’une démarche participative avec des consommateurs et des viticulteurs pour améliorer le déploiement des pratiques environnementales dans les vignobles » : etude de cas au sein du Cabernet d’Anjou." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Angers, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ANGE0076.
Full textViticulture, like any other agricultural activity, has impacts on the environment, but over time,environmental concerns have intensified, and winemakers have changed their practices to integrate new criteria into their farming systems. Consumers, on their side, are more and more sensitive to these environmental issues, they are concerned about the impact of their purchases and show concern about the effects of agriculture on health and the environment. One way to change agricultural practices and to integrate new actors into the systems is through participatory approaches. These often include researchers and producers, but to date few approaches have been interested in integrating consumers into the reflection that winegrowers have on the integration of more environmentally friendly practices in their vineyards.This thesis has therefore developed a participatory approach with winegrowers, consumers and researchers in several stages (diagnosis, validation, implementation of workshops). However, the difficulty in mobilizing professional actors and their divergent interests at the collective and individual levels, as well as the lack of knowledge of consumers, can hinder this type of process. Moreover, it seems essential to couple the reflections on the deployment of practices with that of their promotion and communication to consumers to make them aware of the environmental issues in the vineyards and to support this change in practices over time
Domange, Nicolas. "Etude des transferts de produits phytosanitaires à l'échelle de la parcelle et du bassin versant viticole (Rouffach, Haut-Rhin)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/DOMANGE_Nicolas_2005.pdf.
Full textTo understand transfers of pesticides, the catchment of Rouffach (Haut-Rhin, France) and two plots inside (weeded chemically in a full and grassed inter-row on two with weeding on the row) are equipped to quantify the fluxes of 17 active matters in continuously during approximately 6 months per year. The measurement instrumentation of the site is validated by identifying the possible sources of errors (uncertainty and bias) during the evaluation of the pesticide concentration. From a method of decomposition of the measurement acquisition and experiments, we evaluate bias associated with data. The results achieved over the two years of monitoring (2003-2004) with opposite rainfalls enable us to emphasize the principal processes implied in pesticide transfers on this type of medium. All the compounds are detected at least once in 2003 or 2004. The average concentrations of the majority of the pesticides are strong after the first episodes according to application. But the pluviometric factors can make increase strongly the concentrations even several months after the application if the molecules are still mobilizable by runoff. The majority of the compounds are also detected during events with runoff on the impermeable zones, without plot runoff. The unfavourable factors mainly explaining the strong concentrations measured for some pesticides would be an input generalized in time and space and/or properties supporting a durable availability in the zone of interface soil-runoff. We finally validated, by using a simplified hydrological model, the assumption that the response time of the pesticide can be influenced, after the first major event, by the space distribution of the compound input(s) in a prevalent way and, for the following events, by the space distribution plus the pesticide state (desorption/degradation) moving in time according to its characteristics. The total fluxes exported with runoff at catchment outlet spread from 0 to 0,62 % of the applied quantity. The critical events from their hydrological characteristics (intensity, duration) and their situation with respect to the inputs constitute the main part of the exported quantities. The comprehension of pesticides behaviour enables us to propose solutions to limit pesticides transfers at catchment scale
Delenne, Carole. "Extraction et caractérisation des vignes à partir de données de télédétection à très haute résolution spatiale : application en Languedoc-Roussillon pour la constitution de bases de données géographiques." Paris, ENGREF, 2006. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130407.
Full textThis work aims to meet the vineyard managers' needs for information, using very high spatial resolution aerial images. Three methods have been developed and compared for vine plot detection. They are based on oriented and periodical texture recognition using either a cooccurrence analysis (Haralick's contrast index) or a frequency analysis (Fourier transform and Gabor's filters). The Fourier transform calculation on a sliding window provides the best results with plot segmentation in polygons as well as a precise estimation of row orientation and interrow distance. These characteristics enable the extraction and detailed study of each vine row, designed to: 1) improve definition of plots contours, 2) detect missing vine plants and 3) characterize inter-rows. Most of the users' needs have been met during this PhD study thanks to the implementation of a semi-automatic tool for vine plot detection, segmentation and characterization
Cazals, Clarisse. "Analyse conventionnaliste des démarches environnementales volontaires : l'exemple de la viticulture et de l'arboriculture fruitière." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40034.
Full textVoluntary Environmental Approaches (VEA) are considered as all the firm free contracts aiming at improving their environmental performance, beyond legal requirements, in the limits of a formal or informal system. The dynamics of their expansion and their diversity leads to open an economical and ecological work in order to analyse them, selecting the acceptibility criteria, rather than the ecological one. We present an analysis of the various conditions of VEA emergence and durability in the agricultural sector, especially in wine growing and fruit arboriculture. As a matter of fact, these two sectors are concerned by the non-point source pollution due to chemical products. In order to cope with this major environmental issue, the actors have chosen two VEA models : organic farming and integrated farming. Starting from the economics of conventions theoretical foundations, we build an analysis that fits with the environmental problem, articulating possible worlds of environmental protecting production and environmental conventions. It allows us to focus on the distinction between the two VEA types in both processes
Bartoli, Pierre, and Daniel Boulet. "Dynamique et régulation de la sphère agro-alimentaire : l'exemple viticole." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON10039.
Full textLauters, François. "Impacts sur l'écosystème aquatique de la gestion par éclusées des ouvrages hydroélectriques : étude de quelques cours d'eau et analyse des phénomènes mis en jeu." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30140.
Full textMontaigne, Étienne. "Enjeux et stratégies dans la filière d'innovation du matériel végétal viticole : un essai d'analyse économique du changement technique." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON10019.
Full textAlliaume, Véronique. "Intégration de l'environnement dans la stratégie d'entreprise : cas d'application EDF." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0038.
Full textImpacts, the preservation of nature, the safety and security of products, and chemical or nuclear installations,. . . The dynamics of this standardisation process (the definition of technical and legal standards) the development and internationalisation of environmental policies (setting up of appropriate regulatory bodies) has resulted, at least in part, in an internationalisation by those responsible for the pollution of the social costs related to the environmental damage caused. Indeed, these dispositions have mostly been lobbied by the numerous associations or environmental and or ecological movements, with the assistance of the lawyers, the support of science and economics professors, and the back up of the media, to the extent that public opinion still today is significant in shaping environmental action, and plays a crucial role for those companies accused of misdemeanours. As a result, Electricite de France, one of the largest electricity companies in the world and one of the last state monopolies, has had to adapt on three fronts : internal, national and international. At each of these three levels, the environment is one of the major factors that EDF is required to consider in order to deal with its development and future. Such environmental problems that EDF must face are obviously related to the activities of the company which generates almost all the electric energy of France, as well as supplying and distributing it to each customer's home. Furthermore, through its undertakings abroad : direct sales of electricity in Europe, export and operations of electricity generating systems, technical and financial engineering, or its "diplomatic" activity through its participation in E7, EDF is required to meet a global challenge : that of sustainable development. Hence, the environment plays a significant role with implications across the board of EDF's activities and strategy, whether in technical choices for generation or marketing of…
Monnet, Marlène. "L'intermédiation du prestataire de services logistiques dans une "supply chain" en contexte de développement durable." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX24011.
Full textThe purpose of the present research is to find out the conditions which enable a logistics service provider to act as a middleman in a supply chain in the context of sustainable development. Face with regulation pressures concerning electric and electronic equipment waste and the various reactions of the actors responsible for recycling, the research develops two phases : the first, in Norway, provides a reading guide of the general context ; the second, in France, consists in a typical case study which involves many interacting actors and emphasizes the intermediary role of the provider. The results depend on the mobilization of skills in the field of thinking, organizing and relating to one another, and also imply the smooth implication of the stakeholders. These results should demonstrate that the logistics service provider who offers help in the field of global responsability can actually act as an intermediary in the context of sustainable development. Provided he or she takes into account all the parties involved and brings together the required abilities for coordinate management of the supply chain
Forasacco, Elena. "Ecology and morphofunctional adaptations in some species of genus Simocephalus." Chambéry, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CHAMS016.
Full textThe aim of the study was to analyse the genus Simocephalus from an ecological standpoint especially with regard to environmental parameters and food resources. Samples were taken in lake Bourget (F) and Iseo (1), two basins characterized by different morphology and different trophic status. The research dealt in 4 topics : 1) relationships of genus Simocephalus with environmental parameters: species diversity in Lake Bourget was higher than in lake Iseo, probably depended on conductivity and al. Ka1inity, as shown in previous studies ; 2) investigation on particles size classes preferentially fed by the animal: significant effects were clear for bacteria and for the 1. 2-10 mm particle size class, corresponding to flagellates, which was preferred by S. Vetulus ; 3) phenotypical. Variability of filtering limbs by studying relationships between filter screen dimensions and food particle concentrations: intersetal distance was correlated to three size classes of particles in individuals from lake Bourget, while medium-sized particles only were correlated with S. Velu/us in lake Iseo. We did not find significant correlations between filter screen area and total particle concentration: our hypothesis is that, when particle concentration changes, individuals change their filtration rate ; 4) intra-specific genetic variations of S. Vetulus by the AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length ~ Polymorphism) technique: a cluster analysis allowed clone identification in the two lakes, some generalistic and other specialist. Our results show the importance of the crustacean in littoral areas was evident, due to several adaptation strategies (development of clones) and to its ability in gathering different size classes of food resources (phenotypic plasticity of filter screens)
Tobelem-Zanin, Christine. "Qualité de la vie et diversité des villes françaises de plus de 50. 000 habitants." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010517.
Full textMany authors had the quality of life as subject of their studies. Now and then it is necessary to take stock on this question and to try to propose a new definition of the concept. We have done such work in the first part of our research, trying to explain or to found a clear difference between life quality and well-being. In the second part, using for the most part, the economic studies and statistic national institute data, we have tried to create some materials and socials indicators of French urban life quality. We have find that is impossible to establish a single classification of the biggest French cities (more than 50 000 inhabitants) on a single basis of life quality. We have proposed a few classifications after different quantitative and qualitative analysis. The third part of this research is based on a local view of life quality that propose different municipalities to theirs inhabitants. The local council of four big cities have been inquired and, besides, we have done a prospective work on the analysis of the answers to a questionnaire of a biggest sample of municipalities
Glot-Sanchez, Nathalie. "L'interface énergie-environnement : une approche économique modélisée." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON10014.
Full textRaffaud, Fanny. "L'urbain, l'environnement et le développement durable en France : essai d'analyse, Revue Urbanisme 1964-2000." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU1003.
Full textThe sustainable development themes are crossed with urbanism interrogations and concerns. In one hand, this is an attempt to describe the evolution of ideas related to urbanism from the 20th century and their relationship with an environmental approach and in the other hand, this aims to lead to a reflection about the urbanism works and their systems of formations. With this intention, the principal source of investigation selected is articles from the "Urbanisme" magazine listed over the 1964/2000 era. It is question to identify elements being able to refer itself to durability and to repair the interrogations relating to the definition of trade
Désiré, Guy. "Grande faune sauvage et circulation routière en France : essai d'analyse géographique et problèmes d'aménagement." Nantes, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NANT3008.
Full textA for fifteen years, french cars owners ship increase rapidly and large wild mammals population shows also a constant development. These animals needs to move and to live in calm : they are perturbed by growth of motor vehicles traffic and road networks expansion. By a setting of a national survey, more than 11 000 collisions involving large wild mammals have been counted between 1984 and 1986. This investigation allowed to estimate what is at stake of mortality, to know the conditions of collisions advent and to locate the sensitive areas: the measures able to protect at once road users and ungulates are not numerous and some experiments show very variable effectiveness. Recent highways lead a fragmentation of vital fauna territory : they needed construction of passages wich are setting up to allow wild animals migrations. In 1991, it has been taken stock of about 125 crossings but three quarters of them are not used by mammals. If cramped-ness of crossings forbid wild animals’ passage, the evolution of territories close to the motorways or their managment, unfit for animals needs, may explain this assessment. It is possible to burden the territory with servitudes, but the contractual way may be preferred : it supposes an early dialogue that allots each pledge. Geographical scale of interactions between toad network and large wild animals must be wide so that means of additional and localized decisions do not result in notable and cumulative effects
Jacquin, Natacha. "Les coûts de la réduction de la pollution en région d'élevage intensif." Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA122004.
Full textPeres, Stéphanie. "La vigne et la ville : forme urbaine et usage des sols." Bordeaux 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR40045.
Full textBecause exurban areas have outpaced urban and suburban areas in population growth for the last several decades, growth pressures are commonly observed at the rural-urban fringe, resulting in conversion of agricultural land for urban use. However the existence of a high quality vineyard questions traditional spatial structuring mechanisms. We must understand the role of vineyard on the morphological configuration of urbanization. The case of suburban Bordeaux vineyard, by its inclusion in both spaces at the heart of the Bordeaux metropolitan area, is ideal for the analysis of issues of interaction between urban growth and dynamic vineyard. The discret choice model associated with the duration model confirms the vineyard resistance, and also provides a means to inform the development of policies that aim at managing these pressures
Bardy, Jennifer. "Le concept comptable de passif environnemental, miroir du risque environnemental de l'entreprise." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0001.
Full textWhether it is through the risks that the company imposes on the environment or through the risks thatweigh on it with regard to the multiplication of legal obligations aimed at protecting the environment,the company can no longer afford to ignore the environmental risk. Henceforth, the environmental riskapprehension requirement must guide the company throughout its existence. The accounting law, asmuch for its historical abilities to apprehend the risks of the company as for its quality of organizing thelanguage of the company, appears as the instrument that can help in the identification and control of theenvironmental risk. Through the concept of environmental liability, the accounting law offers, on onehand, an environmental risk reading grid that highlights most of the nuances of this risk. On the otherhand, because of the concept of environmental liability, the accounting law reveals its ability to controlthe damaging consequences that the environmental risk imposes on the company or the environment.The merits of the accounting law as regards the apprehension of the environmental risk of the companymust not however mask an original conception exclusively based on the recognition of the violations ofthe financial capital of the company. Because persisting in the path of ignorance of an environmentalcapital has the effect of restricting the apprehension of environmental risk, the refoundation of theaccounting law in the direction of the integration of an environmental capital offers to the accountinglaw the opportunity to assert itself as a branch of law which, although specific, is none the less alive andas such, capable of evolution
Jambert, Corinne. "Emissions de composés azotés dans l'atmosphère par les agrosystèmes fertilisés : mai͏̈siculture dans les Landes de Gascogne." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30043.
Full textAllié, Louis. "La gestion de l'espace dans des Parcs naturels régionaux sous pressions touristique et urbaine ou comment les acteurs bricolent du développement et de la préservation dans les massifs de Chartreuse et du Vercors ?" Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00116708.
Full textThe French Natural Regional Parks of Chartreuse and Vercors constitute the central research subject of this thesis. We seek to understand how local actors bricolent (a French word that means 'tinkering') social and economic development and also contribute to protecting the cultural and natural heritage in areas under urban and tourism pressures. The theoretical framework is inspired trom the work of C. Lévi-Strauss. According to this anthropologist, ail individuals live in an instrumental world, which is closed by definition. Local Master Plans, Natural Regional Parks, Metropolitan Master Plans (specifically called Schémas de cohérence territoriale in France) and State Contracts are considered as planning and management tools with which local actors can attain their objectives of developing localities and protecting cultural and natural heritage. With these tools, actor-tinkerer have the opportunities for producing original sorts of spatial forms in mountainous areas under tourism and urban pressures. Empirical evidenceshows that 'mounturbanisation' is the consequence of decisions and actions engaged in at the locallevel. The methodology is based on personals interviews and observations in public meetings made between 2000 and 2002 with key actors in the Chartreuse and Vercors mountain ranges. Moreover, local, regional and nationalliterature was analysed in order to iIIustrate actors' discourses conceming their perceptions of and reactions to spatial transformations. Spatial analyses are carried out using a geographical information system, statistical data and iconographie documents to explain what the consequences of the management and planning decisions have been
Bascourret, Jean-Marc. "L'intégration de la protection de l'environnement dans la gestion de l'entreprise : analyses et répercussions stratégiques : étude sur le secteur des fabricants de peintures et vernis en France." Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN11011.
Full textIntegration of environment preservation in firm management is enrolled in a double analytical view : either by the "external" way, that is to by learning on environmental rules setting, or by the "internal" way, integrating ecological requirement in its strategic reflexion. Our research deals with strategic repercussions of these two ways for the firm. "External" integration, built on taxation-subvention mechanisms (which come from internalization of environment externalities) and on overstepping procedures of simple reglementary conformity, is managed by public authorities for a specific aim : to orient firm management toward more environmental integration. Then, we lay down this problem : may be, the firm does a specific strategic reading about environmental rules. "Internal" integration is done at the stratégic reflexion level of the firm. It lays on environmental information system and more or less planned strategic reflexion process. The aim of these tools is to allow the development of ecologic behavior in firm. To this point, we found necessary to ask what is reality, and how firm reacts towards available tools. To answer these question, an empirical ananlysis was realiezd : a study on 65 french paint and varnish manufacturers and three post-test lead to two conclusions. First, in a "external"integration way, firms do have an indirect strategic reading of environmental rules. Second, in an "internal" integration way, strategic reflexion does not lean on planned systems, but however, they are not rejected. Firms retain reactive and preactive behaviors, wich are strategic orientations they want to find in reflexion processes
Chu, Yin. "Flux de polluants en crue sur des petits bassins versants côtiers méditerranéens : sources, estimation et modélisation." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20015.
Full textScholtus, Marie. "Construction d'un indicateur de qualité des eaux de surface vis-à-vis des produits phytosanitaires à l'échelle du bassin versant viticole." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2004_THIOLLET-SCHOLTUS_M.pdf.
Full textThe degradation of surface water quality is mainly due to intensive agricultural practices. The main goal of this PhD program is to construct a watershed decision aid tool from a field decision aid tool which already exists. I-PhyField is calculated in 2 experimental French watersheds (Chablis, Rouffach). The adaptation proposed for the I-Phy indicator is to add a module which accounts for the distance between field and outlet and characteristics of the runoff water way : field connectivity index" (Ci). Ci index deals with factors outlying the field of study which may influence pesticide runoff and also, hydrological characteristics of the water way between the field and the watershed outlet. Ci index and I-Phy-BV indicator were calculated and validated for the 2 vineyard watersheds. Further research is needed for the validation
Huong, Tran Kieu Dung. "Les documents d'urbanisme au Vietnam comparaison avec la France." Bordeaux 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR40019.
Full textStudying urban planning documents is an indispensable factor in order to comprehend the urban planning in Vietnam. Throught analyzing four principal instruments, such as : Territorial construction and development plan (SACT), Master plan (SD), Detailed development plan (PAD), Rural construction and development plan (PACR), we have found that the urban planning documents obviously reflect the authority's policies and the strategies in the urbanization process in Vietnam. This thesis studies the role of urban planning documents, its characteristics, and the separation of competencies ; its effects arise in the creation of the mentioned documents. The approach reposes on comparative methods in order to evaluate the tendency of these documents either in Vietnam or France and propose recommendations to reform the Vietnam urban planning system
Sangaré, Issa Bakary. "Assainissement urbain, organisation des villes et développement écologique : vers "l'autonomie durable" ?" Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR2028.
Full textGarnaud, Françoise. "La protection de l'environnement contre la résidence secondaire : mythe ou réalité ?" Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR1D302.
Full textThe development of the french tourism and the increase of the spare time have favoured the multiplication of the second home, since the 60's. This is still going on nowadays, through different forms (individual or collective, isolated or integrated into operations of tourist planning), corroding and impoverishing insidiousely the free, rare and fragil spaces, and the natural environment said to be protected while an intense policy of tourist development is expanding. The implantation and building of the second home are not regulated at all. However the second home contributes to the increase of the financial charges of local authorities which demand more and more important government sunsidies, and they h deliberate incentives and a revival od passion for old accomodation only can stop the waste of ground and of a public finances, and can begin the repopulation of the french country
Carpy-Goulard, Françoise. "Analyse des relations agriculture-environnement par couplage d'un modèle économique à des indicateurs environnementaux : application au secteur des grandes cultures de la région Midi-Pyrénées." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON10026.
Full textBernard, Gilles. "Evolution de l'agriculture charentaise (littoral exclu) : atouts, mutations et dépendances." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30030.
Full textFrom the early 18th Century onwards the Charentes exported wine and brandy throughout Europe relegating other agricultural products to a position of secondary importance. The distillation of wine enabled local winegrowers to discover the uniqueness of brandy. The two Charentes were not offered the same opportunities. Wine merchants settled on the banks of the river to export their cargo from the port of Tonnay-Charente. Due to successful sales in the area, the product was named after the capital of brandy. From 1850 to 1870, cognac was highly appreciated all over the world and went through a flourishing period. However, phylloxera infestation destroyed the vines and discouraged the bankrupt winegrowers. Crop-growing and dairy-farming came to the forefront yet again. Was the fine Charentes butter to replace cognac ? A few pioneers and merchants from Cognac managed to salvage some of the vineyards but internal conflicts and financial difficulties put mixed-farming and cattle breeding in a dominant position. From 1960 onwards, economic recovery in world markets favoured a reversion to cognac threatening to wipe out dairy-farming. The exceptional quality of the soil and agricultural vocations shaped the Charentes landscape. Crops were sown in the Jurassic flat plains and cattle-breeding was confined to marshlands whilst the vineyards and large farmsteads invaded the cretaceous areas. Due to its prestige, cognac attracted companies from other countries involved in the wine and spirits industry. Once the local merchants had been taken over. The Charentes know an other period of their history : decrease in the number of vineyards enabled crop-growing and oil-producing to expand rapidly
Le, Bot Jean-Michel. "Du développement durable au bien public : responsabilité et légitimité en question : à partir des cas de la Bretagne et de la Russie." Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20003.
Full textRecognising the relevance of the concept of sustainable development as a political reference, the author can hardly conceive it as a scientific concept. He prefers the concept of public good, of which as precise a definition as possible is given. He starts by examining two cases : Russia and Brittany. In Russia, can the ecologist movement, together with the desire for change which became apparent from the mid-80s, contribute in overcoming the ecological and sanitary consequences of the soviet industrial development, combining productivism and totalitarianism ? In Brittany, a productivist agricultural system is now being criticised because of its pollutant effects, whereas there are recognised alternative methods : organic farming, sustainable development plans, etc. Their supporters show that it is possible to produce otherwise, combining economic viability, ecological security and social acceptability. But does this clarify the real issues of these alternatives ? Analysing the practices demands the intervention of a theoretical model allowing for an identification of rationalities which formalise these practices. This model, which allows the question of environment and economic rationality to be dealt in a new way, is studied in the second part. A third part specifies how the study of Russian and Breton cases can enlighten fundamental problems. Don't the Russian post-soviet ecological crisis and the crisis of the Breton agricultural system, illustrate the limits of reference to economic rationality ? Doesn't contemporary reference to sustainable development constitute a reminder of a political principle of responsibility, as well as of an ethical principle of legitimacy ? How does the theoretical model used allow for a precise definition to be given of the concept of public good ? Finally, a certain similarity is shown between the crises concerning the professions of social workers and farming advisers. A redefinition of the profession of adviser is proposed
Occhiminuti, Léonore M. "La protection du patrimoine forestier contre le risque d'incendie : approche de droit comparé France / États-Unis." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010298.
Full textHow could the legal prevention of forest fires be improved ? Answers to this issue are envisaged through the comparison of French and American prevention systems. One suggests the development of public or even private ownership, whereas it appears that those two options can only be presented as alternatives. Moreover, it is recommended that legal constraining systems (i. E. Servitudes or restrictions imposed by the exercise of the police power) be developed on both public and private owners and, associated to the reinforcement of civil and criminal liability procedures. It is also necessary that fire risks be included into land use planning documents, that agencies improve their information and education programs on fire risks and, that they cooperate more effectively. In addition, it is proposed that preventive management tools be improved; for example, it is necessary to develop and modify the use of prescribed burning and green belt buffer zone techniques, by adapting them to the actual situation. Finally, a solution must be found in order to improve the implementation of "brush cleaning" or fuel removal servitudes and obligations
Besancenot, François. "Territorialité, durabilité : un seul enjeu ? : réflexion sur la mise en oeuvre d'un développement territorial durable à partir d'un exemple : le Bassin potassique alsacien." Lyon, École normale supérieure lettres et sciences humaines, 2006. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00097780.
Full textThe difficulties encoutered by many terrtorial authorities in Europe when putting sustainable development policies into practice suggest that territory and sustainable development do not necessarily sit well together. However, a closer examination seems to show that they are actually inextricably intertwined. The study of the regeneration of the Alsace potassium Basin helps bring these two concepts closer together. A single activity/single identity system, typical of mining areas, progressively replaced by diversification in business and identities, has allowed us to ask : how to make a success of such a fundamental process of change ? Can the concept of sustainable development help us here ? Based on bibliographical studies, public surveys and extensive discussions, a better knowledge of the Basin (1904-2005) has allowed us to develop an alternative conception of its development and to demonstrate that it is ready to adopt a real territorial project like a sustainable development project. This is followed by a dissection of differing methods of putting sustainable development ideas into pratice and some further reflection on the suitability of the area chosen for study. Finally, we propose a sustainable development diagnosis that can be extended to any territory, using appropriately adapted indicators. This way of trying out such a diagnosis for the Basin has proven the importance of the concept of territoriality when putting in place Agenda 21 at a local level. Every project of this sort requires a coherent territorial entity (potassium Basin) even if this (Communauté de communes de Mulhouse Sud-Alsace) does not correspond directly to the area of a given political body. Whilst this particularly study has been solely of the potassium Basin, it would be especially interesting to apply our methods to analysis of other sustainable development projects, whether or not they work within coherent territories, both in France and in other countries
Garcia, Laëtitia. "La gestion du risque sur le marché des matières premières agricoles : application au secteur viti-vinicole." Avignon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AVIG2006.
Full textFragny, Benjamin. "Régulation environnementale du secteur horticole en présence d'asymétrie d'information." Angers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ANGE0004.
Full textThis thesis belong to the field of environmental regulation policies. We use the Agence Theory to design a regulation mechanism of horticultural sector pollutions with asymetric information. In the first chapter, we describe the sector and its capacity of environmental nuisance. In the second chapter, we compare the theory on instruments with the regulation practices in horticulture. Then, we connect the theorical specificities of instruments with the characteristics of the horticultural sector to determine an adequat instrument. At last, in the third chapter, we determine a regulation mechanism which the regulator propose to the horticultural producers. We establish the incentives constraints of the regulator and we present the analytical solution of its program
Miquet, André. "Faune sauvage et aménagement touristique de la montagne : le cas du Tétras lyre en Haute-Tarentaise." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10081.
Full textLafontaine, Jean-Philippe. "Adoption et assimilation des outils de gestion : le cas des outils de contrôle de gestion environnemental dans les organismes certifiés ISO 14001." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT4004.
Full textThis thesis concerns the environmental performance by firms. An empirical study was carried out among ISO 14001 certified firms. We identify four important points. ISO 14001 norms help firms to implement a strategy and an organization adapted to a context concerned by environment, and firms are forced to adopt environmental management control tools like green performance indicators and environmental budgets (1). The assimilation of these tools can generate differences in perception between players and there are less problems concerning green performance indicators than about environmental budgets (2). Environmental performance is carried out by environmental managers (3). It is necessary that accounting, control and audit professions move to give an account of environmental management performance to firms managers (4)
Genovesio, Fabien. "Le Médoc : "entre environnement et aménagement"." Bordeaux 3, 2006. https://hal.science/tel-04049781v1.
Full textThe “Médoc” peninsula constitutes a particularly representative area to work out a reflection on the environment and land use planning. Currently, this area is under tourist activities pressure which affects its littoral part. However, it is also wedged and unbalanced because all its interior part is forsaken. Its estuarine wine producing frontage and its tourist littoral frontage are deprived of a harmonious economic development, coherent land use planning, and development schemes. The “Médoc” is thus presented as an area requiring attentions. The issue will have to be built around connexions and effects of land use planning and tourist development on the environment. So, starting from a regular follow-up of a reality ground and a total geographical consideration, tourism and its installations will be apprehended as a tool for enhancement and opening up of this area. Tourism also introduces a possible aspect of environment degradation, whereas, the latter stands as a fundamental asset of this area. That is why, to think about the environment and the development of this area is trying to provide the best tools to better manage the effects of tourist activities and planification. It is to argue and support assumptions reconciling tourism and environment, it is to redefine new basis of development, enhancement, organisation, and long term urban planning. The recent advent of the “Médoc”, the new regional perspectives concerning urban planning, environment and development require the support of thought and scientific approach. The aim of this issue is to contribute to the “Médoc” organisation and land use planning, the harmonization of tourist development and environment, and the area readjustment. In sum, the thesis wishes to bring the useful data to base a sustainable and coherent local development
Cazal, Georges. "L'aqueduc en France, de l'Antiquité à l'époque contemporaine." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0028.
Full textChalmeton, Hélène. "Préservation de l'environnement et travaux publics : difficultés pratiques et solutions juridiques." Nantes, 2007. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01516923.
Full textThe state, guarantor of the general interest, has the duty to improve the quality of life of its citizens. By means of public works, new facilities can be built and entire districts can be connected to networks. Because of this, public works are protected by a specific set of laws. Although this protection is necessary, it has undesirable side effects : in fact, its execution is detrimental to environmental protection. Public authorities recently became aware of the lack of regulation in the sector of public works and have slowly taken steps to integrate the environmental concern into the law and the practice. But this integration remains incomplete to this day. The law has to be renewed to allow a more complete protection of the environment: at first, by re-evaluating the environmental laws in light of their insufficient application; then, by allowing the stakeholders of the public works to take initiatives that preserve the environment; by inciting them to protect the environment by updated economic mechanisms; finally, as a last resort, by punishing non-compliance with the law more severely. Indeed, only a rational and organized use of the various tools offered by the law will allow reconciling environmental protection with public works
Da, Cunha Charlotte. "Quelle prise en compte de la diversité dans les enjeux de performances de l'activité agricole en Ile de France? : expérimentation d'une démarche d'évaluation participative multicritère." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS020S.
Full textIn this International Year of Biodiversity, biodiversity is more than ever considered in scientific and institutional literature, as an irreducible element of sustainability that must be integrated in all economic sectors. This thesis aims at arguing and testing a participatory multi-criteria approach to understand how the environment, including biodiversity, can be taken into account in agricultural activities. Based on two case studies on different scales (territory and farm), this thesis examines to what extent biodiversity is integrated by actors of agricultural activities. These applications show that the proposed approach is an efficient tool for identification of their issues, which reveal a weak consideration of biodiversity concerns
Ngalieu, Kamgoue Désiré. "Du développement durable à l'agriculture durable : l'exemple de l'élevage porcin breton." Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20010.
Full textThe ecological threats caused by human activities on global environment and the aggravation of inequalities between the poor and the rich have contributed to the emergence of the concept of sustainable development. This concept is based on the idea that the present model of industrial development cannot continue indefinitely without jeopardising the ecosystems on which present and future generations depend for their livelihood. It associates social justice, economic efficacy and ecological prudence. In France, as in other European Union countries, the development of a production-oriented industrial agriculture, supported by the common agricultural Policy, has on the one hand, permitted the achievement of food autonomy and improvement in the populations living conditions, but on the other hand, it has been facing, since 1980s, problems of environmental pollution, of farm economic viability, of food quality and safety, of continuous fall in the number of farmers. These problems have proved the limits of the common agricultural Policy and have caused worries among consumers as regards the preservation of their health, and among farmers concerning the perennity of their business. In Brittany, the development of intensive pig and poultry farming in particulary results in the concentration of animal droppings which pollute water resources, the soil, the underground, the air, the clean-up costs of which are borne by the society in place of the livestock farmers. The negative externalities, coupled with food, social and economic crises in Brittany's rural environment, have raised a number of controversies between the supporters and opponents of this model of livestock farming. This ideological confrontation, coupled with international competition and importance of network pig in the regional economy, has led politicians, scientists, economists, ecologists, farmers and other economic actors of the region to search for the ways that lead to sustainability. Alternative models such as integrated Farming, organic agriculture, precision farming, peasant agriculture are implemented. Technical and economic measures with environmental regulations and norms, were put in place to motivate farmers to reduce the quantity of negative externalities, and especially to internalise the cost of that negative externalities. Beyond these measures, we are suggesting a quota system on the production volume as a way of bringing sustainability to Brittany's pig farming
Marcelin, Florian. "Un vignoble renaissant en quête d'identité ? : l'exemple de Vitis Vienna, en vallée du Rhône Nord." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2158.
Full textAmongst the recomposition of worldwide wine growing areas, there is currently a buzz of interest around the wines of the Rhone valley. This attraction is in resonance with the Lyonnaise and Rhone Alpes Region’s strategies which are capatilising on a strong touristic and grastronomic image.At the northern point of the Rhone valley, on the border of Vienne, a new vineyard has resurfaced from the past, initiated by powerful rhodanien winegrowers.These winegrowers must compose with the environment and other territorial actors: along with competition, unawareness, partnerships and synergies this revival is accompanied by strategies of different scales, from it’s patrimonialisation to the seeking of an AOP
Nicolas, Eline. "L'adoption d'une démarche de développement durable au travers de l'offre de produits normalisés AB par la PME agroalimentaire." Tours, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR1005.
Full textThis study deals with issues on corporate responsibility and management practices. They can be treated thanks to the following question: why and how do small companies look for sustainable development through "Organic food" labelled production? First part aims at understanding what is sustainable development with reference to the stakeholders theory. Organic food production can be seen as one of the best sustainable activities and an effective way to cream the market for small companies. Based on induction, a qualitative inquiry has been carried out. This inquiry suggests the existence of "exact training" and "exact involvement" principles. Indeed, small companies change their practices as little as possible to keep safe their effectiveness. Finally, the study shows that the adoptive process is similar whatever the initial corporate strategy is (intrinsic or instrumental strategy). Then, it puts into relief a paradox between sustainable development principles and the normative way "Organic food" labelling is run in small companies
Moritz, Marcel. "Les communes et la publicité commerciale extérieure : pour une valorisation environnementale et économique de l'espace public." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32039.
Full textAt the dawn of celebrating the thirtieth anniversary of a law which is its vault key, the law for external commercials accumulates a series of paradoxes, especially when it comes to a "local authority" approach. While public opinion is getting more and more sensitive to environmental protection, this imperative finds it difficult to assert itself. Certainly, writings make it possible to create local rules for commercials and give a large variety of repressive measures, but none of these possibilities is convincing. Unable to meet the requirements of environmental protection, the positive law doesn’t make it possible for local authorities to have an effective economical use either. Does it mean that combining an environmental and an economical development is an unachievable goal ? With a critical study of the applicable clauses and some reform proposals, we’ll try to prove the opposite
Busca, Didier. "Agriculture et environnement : la mise en oeuvre négociée des dispositifs agri-environnementaux : effets d'organisation, enjeux de territoire et dynamique d'appropriation stratégique." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20067.
Full textThe consequences of intensive agriculture on environment are subject to increasing public intervention since the 90's. These agri-environmental policies are confronted with agricultural interests and their efficiency is often criticized. This leads to question oneself on how they are implemented. This thesis studies the implementation of an agri-environmental regulation (the Program for Control of Agriculture-Originated Pollution) and an encouraging policy (Ferti-Mieux) in the Adour-Garonne region. Backed up with thorough interviews, the negotiated exchanges between public agents, agriculture professional organizations and the designated farmers are analyzed. Moreover, a quantitative approach analyzes the impact of local situations on the implementation of policies. The proposed argument is that the environmental objectives of the policies are adapted by negotiated arrangements on the implementation means. This adaptation process is the consequence of an dynamics of strategic appropriation of the policies, individually by the farmers and collectively by the professional organizations. Some modulations are noticed due to local agriculture and tourism stakes
Mettoux, Anne-Paule. "Associations et changement social : le cas d'Eau et Rivières de Bretagne, association de défense de l'environnement." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100084.
Full textFor more than a century, the right of association has been legitimated in France. It concerns all sectors of economic and social life. Associations reflect democraty that inspired their creation. During the previous centuries, indeed, the association movement was built at the same time as the settlement of democratic system. Wether idealised or critised, an association leaves no one indifferent. With the advent of consumerism, urbanisation and working time reduction, associations have been blooming in all sectors of activity. As they are sensitive to conjuctural and structural changes, they do contribute to social changes through integration of civil society concerns within their own evolution.
Permingeat, Frédérique. "La coutume et le droit de l'environnement." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2009_in_permingeat_f.pdf.
Full textIn law, the challenge for the conservation of nature and biodiversity, including protection against pollutions, nuisances and risks calls for the diversification of its tools of intervention nowadays. However, the role that the customary may play in this respect is widely ignored. Nevertheless, the analysis of the usages in effect, in the society, reveals that numbers of them govern activities having a direct or indirect impact on the ecosystems. Customary glows itself with an ecological dimension and appears as a possible substitute of the state norms in environmental law. The analysis of substantive law reveals however that public authorities have not noted the interest of this usage yet in this respect. It is true that its protective vocation remains still fragile and must be confirmed in the decades to come. In addition, must be avoided the stumbling block of the traditionalism, which would consist in promoting customary by the only reverence of the past. For all that, usage remains nevertheless a promising instrument of conservation of the biosphere to which the State would be sure to open
Fortin, Marie-José. "Paysage industriel, lieu de médiation sociale et enjeu de développement durable et de justice environnementale : les cas des complexes d'Alcan (Alma, Québec) et de Péchiney (Dunkerque, France)." Thèse, Paris 1, 2005. http://constellation.uqac.ca/535/1/24605668.pdf.
Full textHuitelec, Richard. "Le développement durable et la gestion locale des ressources énergétiques." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40011.
Full textMusset, Benoît. "Le vignoble de Champagne, de la naissance des vins mousseux à celle des maisons de champagne (1650-1830) : les transformations d'un univers vinicole, social et commercial." Reims, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REIML006.
Full textIn the 1660’s, sparkling wines appear in the Champagne province. Encouraged by aristocratic customers, this production keeps expanding from the 1720’s on, growing from a few thousands bottles to 300 000 in the early 1780’s, and finally reaching 3 000 000 in the late 1820’s. This growth in production slowly changes the economical social and viticultural structures of the vineyard : vinicultural techniques, land organisation, state regulations. In 1789, the old structures are still very much there. In fact, two main viticultural systems coexist during the 18th century. The first one is based on the selling of red wines in Paris, the Flanders and the regional market. Flourishing until the 1820’s, it relies on a rather stable wine-growing society : small landowners, well-tended vineyards, quick method wine growing, commercial uses in the hands of the brokers working for foreign merchants. The second one, if it does not change them improves the methods of the first one, thus engendering a tissue of great bourgeois wine properties, initiating new viticultural methods, requiring a more and more sophistcated machinery in the second half of the century. It also creates a deep change in the trade sphere, when in the 1760’s 70’s there appears a powerful business world dealing with the production, imposing an always stronger watch over the big landowners and winegrowers. In the late 1820’s, at the time when the viticultural system of red wines slowly gives way, the trade of bottled wines now well organized in the Epernay region, begins to offer an unexpected and promising opening to the Montagne de Reims
Sauget, Nicole. "Agro-écosystème et société : la diversité des façons de produire des agriculteurs dans les coteaux de Gascogne." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100005.
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