Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vitesse de développement'
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Langlet, Alyssa. "Développement de méthodes d'analyse de comprimés à haute vitesse." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11773.
Full textTurcot, Philippe. "Développement d'outils pour l'usinage du bois à grande vitesse." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2003. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1323.
Full textVacelet, Laurent. "Développement d'une cellule d'électrodéposition sélective par jet à haute vitesse." Besançon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BESA2072.
Full textGuermeur, François. "Contribution au développement d'un système de vélocimétrie doppler globale." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2033.
Full textThe Doppler Global Velocimetry is a velocity measurement method which is based on Doppler shift generated by an assembly of particles illuminated by a coherent source. The very small frequency shifts collected are decrypted by means of a absorption molecular filter - a cell filled with iodine vapour - located in front of the receptor. The method particularities are detailed : frequency to intensity discrimination, conditions to reach a complete velocity field, components range. The filter (frequency-intensity discriminator) is described : absorption and fluorescence phenomena, construction and temperature control processes, presentation of iodine absorption curves. The validation is performed on a rotating disc and free jet. The most significant experimental fittings, the image processing procedure and an evaluation of the method accuracy is proposed. The experimental results are presented
Roboam, Xavier. "Variateur de vitesse pour machine asynchrone : développement de lois de commande robustes : contr^ole de la vitesse sans capteur mécanique." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT051H.
Full textSalmon, Stéphanie. "Développement numérique de la formation tourbillon-vitesse-pression pour le problème de stokes." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066451.
Full textYang, Geon-Seok. "Les enjeux de la construction des voies ferrées rapides : de l'expérience française et européenne, au développement du KTX coréen." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070022.
Full textOur study analyzes the influence of the construction of the High Speed Railways on the strategic direction of the plans and policies of town and country planning in France, in Europe, and in South Korea. There are many economic urban areas which are modified by their position in the territorial hierarchy according to the condition of their connection with the High Speed Railway network. First of all, concentration is the most important effect produced by the construction of these networks (TGV, KTX). Second, it is shown how the development of a network System concentrated in the areas of Paris and Seoul had the effect of an intensifying factor regarding accessibilities to the metropolitan zones. This System has nevertheless created the risk of an increasing territorial imbalance, in France as well as in South Korea. Third, the zones of economic activity located around the new high speed railway stations appear to have contributed to the passage from a mono-polarized organization to a multi-polarized one. Lastly, the integration of the high speed railway System increased the concentration of the economic activity in European metropolitan zones, each one of these zones trying to develop a more competitive space for ascending in the global urban hierarchical System. In conclusion, in spite of the great differences in the national contexts, an important rate of correspondences between the studied cases could be noted regarding strategic concepts and arguments
Somda, Flavien Hervé. "Développement de stratégies de commande et de perception pour une régulation de vitesse intelligente." Rennes 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00449772.
Full textMonitoring and Perception Strategies Design for Intelligent Cruise Control Today's trac conditions call for the event of Intelligent Transportation Systems for road safety improvement. In Intelligent vehicles driven by such technologies, at least, part of the driving task is managed by embeded systems. In this thesis report, we oer a new longitudinal control strategy based on a nonlinear, second order, and exponential prole model. The approach is safe, robust, comfortable and consistent with Intelligent Cruise Control as well as Stop&Go applications. We also propose a detection approach based on an antenna beam scanning strategy that drastically improves distance of detection and enables identication of traffic scenarios. Such results are essential for an efficient longitudinal control strategy design
Campagna, Isabelle. "Développement d'une méthodologie de codesign matériel/logiciel pour des applications de communications à haute vitesse." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0021/MQ53563.pdf.
Full textRuelleu, Sébastien. "Caractérisation hydrogéophysique des milieux fracturés : développement instrumental et modélisation des vitesses d’écoulements en forage." Rennes 1, 2010. https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01137326.
Full textThe fractured media are characterized by a strong heterogeneity of the velocity field related to the localization of flow in the local permeable zones of the fracture network. In this context, to predict the flow or transport needs to provide enough constraints on the lithology and the flow. We bring somme information for this question through three complementary approaches: (i) a study of the relationship between fracturing and deformation zones and flow observed in the Ploemeur’s experimental site, (ii) implementation of a numerical model that allows us to quantify fractures hydraulic parameters by inversion of the flow with different geometries of fractures, and (iii) the development of a new borehole tool for horizontal velocities measurement, in partnership with the Technical Division of INSU (Brest). Following these three areas of study results are: (i) the correlation flow structure is not trivial, however, it appears that faulting subvertical N110 ° and N20 ° controls part flow with the intense deformation zone regionally. (ii) Through the numerical approach, we have demonstrated the sensitivity of flow parameters for vertical storage of fractures. The structure dip connecting the wells is not accessible by flow measurement. (iii) The sensor developed can appropriately characterize the velocities over a wide range of measurement (1. 10-5 to 1. 10-2 m/s) both in homogeneous than in fractured media. In the context of heterogeneous, the measures are noisy in borehole
Mégret, Olivier. "Etude expérimentale de la propagation des fumées d'incendie en tunnel pour différents systèmes de ventilation." Valenciennes, 1999. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/fb86c1f1-7023-45e4-bcff-ee7fc70080df.
Full textHot toxic smoke induced by a fire spreads on the tunnel ceiling as a layer with variable thickness depending on the heat release rate (HRR). Security of passengers lies in the management of the ventilation systems: clearing smoky zones while avoiding layer dilution. The accurate choice of ventilation flow rate remains a function of fire type but also of tunnel dimensions and ventilation network which differ for each tunnel. A 1:20th model of 10 m long has been developed in order to model smoke movement , for a wide range of HRR FROM 0. 2 TO 20 MW , for many tunnel configurations of rectangular cross section. The fire source is modelled by a densimetric jet (air-helium). Fire characteristics are derived from the results of a heptane poolfire model and the size of pool in the tunnel , depending on HRR, is reproduced at model scale. Both longitudinal and transverse ventilation systems are used on the test facilities. A global parametric study had been undertaken in longitudinal ventilation, describing the influence of tunnel dimensions (height ant width) and slope. The role of size, shape and height of the fire source is also analysed. The results are gathered in a global formulation in order to determine the critical ventilation velocity (non-existence of smoke layer upstream the source) and a semi-theorical model is developed, connecting ventilation velocity, HRR and smoke layer thickness. A methodology is defined to quantify stratification state of a hot smoke layer without ventilation. This is used to assess the influence of longitudinal flow on stratification downstream of the fire source. Transverse ventilation studies aim to evaluate extraction efficiency of a system composed of two exhaust traps located on each side of a fire source, as a function of extraction flow rate. A condition of smoke confinement is achieved. This study accounts for the influence of trap location, shape and size on the system efficiency. Standard anemometry and PIV techniques are used for profile and field velocity measurement whereas concentration profiles are obtained by sample analysis of oxygen rate. Many laser sheet visualizations have allowed the description of flow phenomena
Mavel, Sébastien. "Développement d'un outil de pré dimensionnement de structures sandwich soumises à des impacts à vitesse intermédiaire." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00760613.
Full textRozycki, Patrick. "Contribution au développement de lois de comportement pour matériaux composites soumis à l'impact." Valenciennes, 2000. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/7111b587-a841-4752-8ca0-c24897f59bb2.
Full textDiop, Mountaga. "Influence de l'âge et de la vitesse sur les paramètres de la marche de l'enfant sain." Saint-Etienne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STET007T.
Full textVirot, Léopold. "Développement de photodiodes à avalanche en Ge sur Si pour la détection faible signal et grande vitesse." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112414/document.
Full textTo address the issue related to the limitations of metallic interconnects especially in terms of bitrate, Si photonics has become the technology of choice. One of the basic components of photonic circuits is the photodetector: It allows to convert an optical signal into an electrical signal. Photodetectors based on Ge on Si have shown their potential and offer the best alternative to III-V photodetectors, for integration into Si photonic circuits. In this context, the Ge on Si photodiodes have been studied. The optimization of pin photodiodes enabled the achievement of state of the art results. A new approach using a double lateral Si/Ge/Si heterojunction was proposed to increase the responsivity but also to provide a better integration solution, especially with Si modulators. To further increase the sensitivity of the receivers, the use of avalanche photodiodes, is however necessary. SACM (Separate Absorption Charge Multiplication) structure, combining Si low multiplication noise and Ge absorption at telecom wavelengths was first studied. Models have been developed to optimize the devices, and the photodiodes have been fabricated and characterized. The results obtained on the surface illuminated photodiodes (Gain-bandwidth product of 560GHz only -11V) are very encouraging for waveguide integration. On the other hand, Ge on Si pin photodiodes have been studied in avalanche. The small width of the intrinsic region contributed to the multiplication noise reduction thanks to "dead space" effect, and operation at 10Gbps for a gain of 20 and an optical power of -26dBm at only-7V, without using amplifier (TIA), have been demonstrated. These developments open the way to fast, low power consumption and high sensitivity receivers
Tremblay, Simon-Pierre. "Développement d’une procédure non intrusive basée sur la propagation des ondes élastiques pour l’évaluation de l’état des structures en béton enfouies du réseau de distribution d’Hydro-Québec." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11861.
Full textLopez, Isabelle. "« Développement d'un système universel de coulée d'alliages dentaires par centrifugation axiale à très haute vitesse sous vide secondaire »." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMO201.
Full textAlthough the manufacture of titanium dental prostheses has experienced a real rise in the last years, the production of those products remains quite expensive, and the choice of pro-ducers is still limited. The partners of the European research project Denticast® have identi-fied a high potential for the creation of an innovative machine that can produce those dental parts at low cost and high quality level. The aim of this research is the development of a new, innovative and versatile system of casting alloys, which can cast all dental alloys (NiCr, CoCr) as well as titanium and its alloys. The prototype Denticast® associates for the first time the melting by induction and the injection by centrifugation with high speed under vacuum. Totally preset, this machine should be able to evolve according to the devel-opment of new dental materials.The project combines European partners from 3 different countries (France, Germany and Italy) and three sectors: industrial, academic and dental, so that each of them contributes to the project. It presents three main phases: a study phase, a phase of design and the evalua-tion phase of the prototype.Our results show that Denticast® is able to produce quality parts for dental use with a ho-mogeneous and fine grain, with a low level of residual stress and a relatively low volume of fraction porosity. In most cases, the mechanical characteristics are equal or even greater than other systems on the market at present
Scherrer, Bruno. "Développement d'un oscillateur paramétrique optique monomode pour des mesures de tempèrature et de vitesse par DRASC temporellement résolue." Paris 13, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA132004.
Full textTanios, Bendy. "Développement d'algorithme temps réel pour capteur optique de vélocimétrie : application à la mesure de vitesse dans des micro-canaux fluidiques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01068342.
Full textWalrick, Jean-Christophe. "Contribution au développement d'une nouvelle méthodologie pour l'étude du délaminage dans les structures stratifiées composites : Application à l'impact basse vitesse." Valenciennes, 1999. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/667676d8-6aaa-4a04-9151-0fe7d1e9082d.
Full textA new methodology to study the behaviour of delaminated composite structures has been developed. This study can be split up into two parts : The first is about the detection of delamination in damaged laminated thin structures. In the finite element computation code, those laminated structures are modelled using shell elements. Therefore, the issue of representing the delamination mechanics within a single multi-layer element is properly tackled. The methodology uses post-process criteria based on fracture mechanics linked with damage mechanics of computation code by the effective stress tensor. In the second place, the influence of delamination over the overall behaviour of the structure is taken into account. This influence is introduced by locally changing the material characterization, progressively during the loading phase. These integrated effects change the numerical behaviour on loading and energy curves. Experimental validation studies are carried out in static tension tests, static and dynamic tests and low velocity impact with a spherical tool. The comparison between experimental and numerical results allows us to conclude to a good correlation and to the validation of this methodology. Many perspectives appeared at completion of this work
Thien, Bruno. "Développement des bases théoriques nécessaires à la modélisation de la vitesse résiduelle d'altération en milieu aqueux des verres nucléaires AVM." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20149/document.
Full textDuring their aqueous alteration, AVM French nuclear glasses exhibit a large range of behaviour, in spite of a small range of composition. AVM glasses alteration rates are controlled by two phenomena: (i) precipitation of secondary phases, mostly aluminous hectorites, and (ii) diffusion of water across a more or less protective gel. The magnesium contained in these glasses increases the precipitation of these secondary phases, leading to a partial or total dissolution of the gel layer. This dissolution increases the glass alteration rates. On the other hand, Mg also incorporates in the gel, increasing his passivation properties. The predominance of one of these two phenomena depends on the initial composition of the glass, the pH of the solution, and the alteration conditions. In presence of Bure geological disposal site water (Mg and Ca rich), AVM glasses undergo less alteration than in initially pure water, in spite of larger amounts of secondary phase precipitates. This results from incorporation of calcium in the gel instead of sodium and magnesium, improving its passivating properties. We have adapted the geochemical GRAAL model for AVM glasses. In spite of its limitations, this model allows us to describe the differences of behaviour between these glasses, in function of their composition. Moreover, GRAAL can be proposed as a basis of a future operational model for predicting the alteration of AVM glasses
Sklaveniti, Sofia. "Développement et déploiement sur le terrain d’un analyseur pour la mesure de la vitesse de formation d’ozone dans la troposphère." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10121/document.
Full textGround level ozone (O3) is a major environmental concern due to its detrimental impacts on human health, vegetation and climate. The photochemical formation of ozone follows a complex nonlinear chemistry that makes strategies for ozone reduction difficult to implement. Governments rely on atmospheric chemistry models to develop emission regulations, but there are still uncertainties associated with the chemical mechanisms used in these models. Direct measurements of ozone production rates, P(O3), is a new technique that can help validating current atmospheric chemical mechanisms and provide real-time data for emission regulations of ozone precursors. The main objective of this thesis was (i) to advance the understanding of P(O3) measurements and (ii) to investigate the ozone production chemistry in ambient air. In this context, an instrument capable of P(O3) measurements was developed, characterized in the laboratory and deployed in the field. The principle of the instrument is based on differential Ox (=O3+NO2) measurements between two sampling reactors, one acting as a “reference” reactor with no O3 production, and the other one reproducing the same O3 production chemistry than in ambient air. The characterization of this instrument was performed through laboratory and modelling experiments to assess the accuracy of P(O3) measurements. Finally, the instrument was deployed during the IRRONIC campaign to investigate the P(O3) sensitivity to NO in a forested area. Comparison between measured and modeled P(O3) values allowed to assess the performances and limitations of this new instrument and evaluate the feasibility of direct P(O3) measurements
Cheng, Hui. "Développement des microstructures et microségrégations lors de la solidification des aciers inoxydables : influence de la vitesse de solidification et du carbone." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL112N.
Full textRivalin, François. "Développement d'aciers pour gazoducs à haute limite d'élasticité et ténacité élevée : mécanique et mécanismes de la rupture ductile à grande vitesse." ENSMP, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENMP0816.
Full textAldroe, Hassan. "Contribution au développement des techniques de marker-bands en fatigue." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR4026/document.
Full textThe fracture surfaces of fatigue can represent complex aspects according to:type of material, provided mechanism of mechanical stresses, ambient environment, etc.Under complex loadings or variable ones, fracture surfaces are more difficult to analyze because such changes can cause change in mechanisms in certain materials.Under variable amplitudes, one of the important issues is the knowledge of the crack growth rate.Current techniques involve optical measurements or indirect ones that measures the kinetics of crack growth.An elegant method is to generate marker bands that can leave a mark on the fracture surface which is then identified by scanning electron microscope analysis.For this purpose one can use: - small overload, under load, cycles below the threshold, a change of temperature, etc.The aim of this thesis is to develop the technique of marker bands on three materials:an aluminum alloy, steel and synthetic rubber.The idea is to develop this technique without changing the propagation kinetics.The experiments will be conducted by fatigue cracking with or without marking marker bands to test this hypothesis.The experimental work has been carried out in LMR laboratory
Dogui, Anas. "Développement de méthodes pour l'évaluation de la rigidité aortique en IRM : mesure de la distensibilité et de la vitesse d'onde de pouls." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00590814.
Full textPoggi, Sylvain. "Contribution au développement d'un banc de mesure de la vitesse particulaire acoustique par vélocimétrie laser Doppler (VLD) : évaluation des résultats et applications." Le Mans, 2000. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2000/2000LEMA1020.pdf.
Full textThis research deals with the application of Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) to airborne sound without flow. This sophisticated optical technique is chosen for measuring the acoustic particle velocity as it is only weakly invasive, also for its excellent spatial resolution and its ability to determine the sign of the velocity. First, the characteristics of the optical set-up are established and adjusted to obtain a good quality Doppler signal. Two systems for signal acquisition and processing, one available commercially and the other being developed at the Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Maine (LAUM), are assessed in detail for application to acoustic signals. After this, optimal sets of signal processing parameters are determined and used to measure sinusoidal particle velocities in enclosed acoustic fields for frequencies between 200 Hz and 4 kH z and rms velocities between 0. 1 and 10mm/s. The validity of the results is assessed by means of a comparison made with reference values for the velocity determined by derivation from precision measurements of the pressure. The two systems studied show satisfactory and close performance up to 2 kH z for velocities higher than 1 mm/s. Yet the LAUM system is to be preferred as it requires only a very light seeding. Finally these two systems are used in two specific applications, one dedicated to measuring particle velocities radiated in free field and the other to measuring the acoustic power in the resonator of a thermoacoustic refrigerator. The results obtained show the value of LDV as a powerful tool for acoustic velocity measurements
Kledy, Michel. "Développement d'une méthode de mesure des champs de vitesse et de température liquide en écoulement diphasique bouillant en conditions réacteurs ou simulantes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI035.
Full textThis study is a contribution to the comprehension of high pressure boiling flows relative to PWR.The first part exposes a two-dimensional unsteady state model in order to predict the development of a boiling flow in a circular pipe. The local mixture balanced equations are used with a relaxation model to close the vapor production rate (local homogeneous relaxation model). The results obtained from the comparison with the data bank DEBORA reveal a good qualitative agreement. Nerveless, the model is currently unable to correctly describe radial transports of turbulence and vapor fraction from the heated wall to the center of the pipe.The second part deals with the use of hot wire anemometry in experimental loop DEBORA to provide radial distributions of mean liquid velocity, mean liquid temperature and void fraction in a boiling flow. Classical hot wire probes are used (DANTEC@ hot film and hot wire probes) and are driven at different overheats using a constant current anemometer. Some measurements are first performed in single phase heated flows. Then, a phase identification procedure is developed, and some boiling flow measurements are obtained and compared with the model
Nguyen, Thi-Hien. "Etude de l'asymptotique du phénomène d'augmentation de diffusivité dans des flots à grande vitesse." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0072/document.
Full textIn application, we would like to generate random numbers with a precise law MCMC (Markov Chaine Monte Carlo). The method consists in finding a diffusion which has the desired invariant law and in showing the convergence of this diffusion towards its equilibrium with an exponential rate. The exponent of this convergence is the spectral gap of the generator. It was shown by C.-R. Hwang, S.-Y. Hwang-Ma and S.-J. Sheu that the spectral gap can grow up by adding a non-symmetric term to the self-adjoint generator.This corresponds to passing from a reversible diffusion to a non-reversible diffusion. A means of constructing a non-reversible diffusion with the same invariant measure is to add an incompressible flow to the dynamics of the reversible diffusion.In this thesis, we study the behavior of diffusion when the flow is accelerated by multiplying the field of the vectors which describes it by a large constant. In 2008, P. Constantin, A. Kisekev, L. Ryzhik and A. Zlatoˇs have shown that if the flow was weakly mixing then the acceleration of the flow was sufficient to converge the diffusion towards its equilibrium after finite time. In this work, the speed of this phenomenon is explained under a condition of correlation of the flow. The article by B. Franke, C.-R.Hwang, H.-M. Pai and S.-J.Sheu (2010) gives the asymptotic expression of the spectral gap when the large constant goes to infinity. Here we are also interested in the speed with which the phenomenon manifests itself. First, we study the special case of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck diffusion which is perturbed by a flow preserving the Gaussian measure. In this case, thanks to a result of G. Metafune, D. Pallara and E. Priola (2002), we can reduce the study of the generator spectrum to eigenvalues of a family of matrices. We study this problem with methods of limited development of eigenvalues. This problem is solved explicitly in this thesis and we also give a boundary for the convergence radius of the development. We then generalize this method in the case of a general diffusion in a formal way. These results may be useful to have a first idea on the speeds of convergence of the spectral gap described in the article by Franke et al. (2010)
Magras, Catherine. "Influence de la vitesse de croissance musculaire post-natale du dindon sur les potentialités de développement des cellules satellites : rôle des hormones thyroïdiennes." Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT2012.
Full textLuo, Minzhi. "Conception & développement d'une plateforme en réalité virtuelle de pilotage de véhicules intelligents." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00741938.
Full textGuo, Yuting. "The fly eye as a model system to study the molecular basis of developmental speed." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS126.
Full textDuring development, timely gene expression, cell division and differentiation are essential for tissue and organism proper functioning and formation. But what sets up the tempo of developmental events, or what regulates the speed of development are less known. To understand the molecular basis of regulation of developmental speed, here, we propose the developing fly eye as a new model system to genetically study developmental speed.In the 3rd larval instar of Drosophila, there is a differentiation front sweeps from posterior to the anterior of the eye imaginal disc, and the ommatidia are formed row by row behind the differentiation front. This character makes the progression of the front easy to be observed. The mechanism of how this front move forward is clear, and the movement speed of the front is about 1 row of ommatidia every 2 hours. Many powerful genetic tools used to study Drosophila could also help us address the question which we are interested in.By using Drosophila eye imaginal discs, first, we performed an RNAi screen for genes required for the differentiation front to travel at proper speed. As mirr only express in the dorsal compartment of the eye imaginal disc, we were using mirr-GAL4/UAS system to introduce the genetic perturbations in the dorsal compartment of the eye imaginal disc, and the ventral compartment which has no expression of UAS element could be considered as the internal control. After dorsal perturbation, comparing the ommatidia row numbers in both compartments will uncover the genes regulate the differentiation front progression speed. The candidate genes are selecting from metabolic genes previously screened in the adult eye, other energy/NAD metabolism genes, some RNA/protein metabolism genes, and genes known to be involved in the progression of the front, etc. Our screen identified genes from a small number of metabolic pathways, including the Electron Transport Chain and the Insulin signaling pathway.Second, to validate whether these perturbations slow down the speed of front progression, or delay the onset of the front progression, we generated a new genetic tool to measure the speed of progression of the differentiation front in vivo. By using this tool, we measured the differentiation front progression speed at 18°C and 25°C, and measured the speed of the front with different dorsal genetic perturbations. The results showed that perturbing the genes of Electron Transport Chain or Insulin receptor pathway slow down the speed of front progression.Finally, understanding how these genetic perturbations result in altered speed of progression of the differentiation remains an important, yet largely unsolved issue. One hypothesis is that genetic perturbations trigger changes toward a metabolic state associated with a slower developmental speed. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that ldh mRNA accumulated in undifferentiated cells (but not differentiated cells) upon Electron Transport Chain perturbation, suggestive of increased glycolysis. The second hypothesis is that different genetic perturbations result in different metabolic states. Consistent with this, reducing Insulin signaling which also resulted in slow developmental speed, did not induce higher levels of ldh gene expression.In the future work, different fluorescent metabolic sensors which have been used in Drosophila may help us uncover the metabolic state upon each perturbations, and help us understand whether different metabolic state might readout different developmental speed. And whether these candidate genes that we screened were shown to slow down the speed of differentiation front progression also regulate the speed of other developmental events is worth examining in the future
Lafilé, Vincent. "Comportement et déchirure de matériaux métalliques : développement d’essais expérimentaux pour l’étude de l’influence de la vitesse de déformation et de l’historique de chargement." Thesis, Lorient, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORIS501/document.
Full textThe understanding of thin materials behavior under various stress state is a current issue for security matters. Constitutive models and failure models evolved to take into account stress state and strain rate effect on material behavior. Experimental characterization of materials is necessary to identify models. Mechanical tests are mandatory for the development of numerical tools. The aim of this thesis is the development of experimental techniques for material characterization. This work is performed on two materials, a AA-2024-T3 aluminum alloy and DP450 dual phase steel. Strain rate effect on the equi-biaxial tension behavior and the failure, and on the plane strain tension failure is studied. For this purpose, we improved the analysis of bulge test and a new device is proposed ion order to attain strain rates up to 100 s-1. Hemispheric punch test and a new punch test dedicated to plane strain tension are proposed at high strain rates. Effect of loading path on failure strain is also studied. A new device for uniaxial tension on large specimens is use to apply the first load, a second loading under equi-biaxial tension or plane strain tension is then applied up to failure
Tounsi, Riadh. "Développement d'un contrôle commande pour un compensateur série de creux de tension : validation par simulation du fonctionnement avec des charges industrielles." Toulouse, INPT, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPT025H.
Full textWendling, Valentin. "Développement d'un système de caractérisation des agrégats et des flocs en suspension." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAU010/document.
Full textLittle is known about the processes that govern the evolution of suspended particle characteristics during their transport through a river basin. This is a main limitation for modelling erosion severity or suspended solids (SS) fluxes. It also leads to difficulties to propose management policies adapted to environmental legislation. Based on experiments in controlled environments, we have shown that soil particles tend to disaggregate in turbulent flows. The increase in SS concentration was associated to an increase of the disaggregation of SS particles, leading to smaller final particle sizes. Laboratory experiments also showed that the variability of the particle sizes due to their evolution over one hour was smaller than the variability due to the soil type from which the particles originated. However it is important to ensure that the suspended particles behave in the same way in natural conditions, where complex interactions between hydraulic, chemical and biological processes can influence their evolution. Up to now no measurement method allows measuring continuously the suspended sediment properties in highly concentrated fluids (from one to hundreds grams per liter), such as those observed in headwater catchments during runoff events. This severely limits the possibility to identify the processes that are important to consider in numerical models. The Aggregate and Floc Characterization System (SCAF) has been developed in order to measure SS properties for a wide range of SS concentrations. It was designed to be easily incorporated into sequential samplers. Immediately after the collection of a sample from the river, the sedimentation of the suspension is recorded by continuous measurements of the absorbance by a series of optical sensors. A method was proposed to processes the raw optical data in order to obtain the settling velocity distribution of the suspension. It also provides a flocculation index representing the tendency of the particles to flocculate during their sedimentation. The calculated settling velocity distributions were validated on a large range of materials and settling regimes in order to cover the natural variability of suspended sediments. For sediments that hardly flocculate during their sedimentation or are non-cohesive, the measurements of the SCAF were similar to those from other methods. In the case of suspensions that strongly flocculate during sedimentation, most of the classical methods give non-representative falling velocities. In this case, the optical property of the particles may vary during settling, affecting the optical measurement. The proposed method allowed quantifying the increase of settling velocity induced by flocculation, and provided confidence intervals for the settling velocities. For high SS concentrations ( > 10 g/l), a settling front can be formed during the sedimentation, which is well characterized by the SCAF. The measurement of the settling velocity distributions and of the flocculation index can be used to identify different particle populations (sand grains, flocs, individual particles) forming a suspension. Monitoring these properties in watersheds offers new insights to explore sediment connectivity within river basins and to optimize water management strategies
Omar, Ahmad. "Développement et validation d'un modèle aux éléments discrets de comportement du béton sous chargement dynamique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENI014/document.
Full textThis work concerns the analysis of the vulnerability of sensitive concrete structures subjected to severe dynamic actions such as impacts due to natural hazards or human factors. The object is to develop a numerical tool that can describe objectively the dynamic behaviour of concrete. Then, a 3D discrete element method (DEM) was developed and used to perform the analysis. The first part of this thesis focuses on the simulation of quasi-static uniaxial compression and traction tests. A moment transfer law (MTL) was introduced to overcome the problem of brittle compressive behavior. Then, the identification procedure of the modified DEM model has been optimized in order to reproduce very well the macroscopic behaviour of concrete. Finally, the model has been validated by representing properly the real quasi-static behavior of different types of concrete. The second part of the study deals with the simulation of the dynamic Hopkinson traction bar tests of concrete. The results showed that a local rate effect has to be introduced to reproduce the strain rate dependency, which would then be a material-intrinsic effect. Then, the parameters of the model have been identified. Finally, simulations were run at high strain rates and showed consistent results with respect to experimental behaviour
Fataoui, Khalid. "Développement de modèles thermomécaniques de construction de dépôts obtenus par projection thermique : modèle mécano thermique de l’étalement de la gouttelette." Phd thesis, Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/048a5982-9bce-49a7-b191-0ed4e6268e4a/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4057.pdf.
Full textTo understand the structure of the coatings obtained by thermal projection, it is crucial to study the dynamic and thermal phenomena on a particle scale which is crushed on the substrate, then spread and solidifies by cooling in contact with the target. The thermo mechanical properties of the coatings carried out by thermal projection are related to the quality of the contact between the layers piled up the ones on the others. This contact depends on the impact of the drop and varies in an important way according to its physical properties (size, temperature, velocity, etc. ) and of those of the substrate (nature, temperature, morphology, etc. ). A great number of phenomena are induced during thermal spray process. Coatings are seat of residual mechanical constraints which it is advisable to understand in a qualitative way and to evaluate quantitatively. The computational models give a support to predict, interpret and explain the experimental results (particularly at scales not easily accessible to measurability). The process of spraying and spreading of a drop on a solid surface remains a complex phenomenon and difficult to control. However this study allows a sensitive advance in the comprehension of the flow of the liquid particle and the interactions between solid phases and liquids on the one hand and on the other hand between drops which are simultaneously sprayed on solid surface or on early sprayed layers. It describes the solution methods of the thermo mechanical model of drops impact (copper, zirconia, enamel) on solid substrates, and valid the obtained results by comparison with available experimental and numerical ones
Levard, Quentin. "Étude expérimentale et numérique de la décomposition d'un liquide ionique énergétique pour le développement d'un propulseur à monergol vert." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESAE0055.
Full textThis study is part of a joint CNES-ONERA project dedicated to research on green propellants for space propulsion. Most attitude and orbit control systems use the catalytic decomposition of hydrazine, which results in catalyst issue and hydrazine handling constraints. CNES has proposed a new family of green monergol based on energetic ionic liquids. These HPGMs (High Performance Green Monopropellant) offer a propulsion system more efficient and less toxic. The final objective of the project is to initiate thermally the ionic energy liquid decomposition in order to eliminate the catalysts. The aim of the thesis is to characterize the ignition and combustion of these innovative monopropellants. This work presents an experimental approach to observe the decomposition of HPGM using two experimental setups. An isolated droplet setup permits to detect of an ignition threshold pressure, but also a first approximation of the regression rate. A second gutter experimental setup extended the pressure range for this measurement, while reducing uncertainty. Finally, a numerical model has been proposed to represent the regression rate of these monopropellants and their combustion in spray
Fataoui, Khalid. "Développement de modèles thermomécaniques de construction de dépôts obtenus par projection thermique.Modèle mécano thermique de l'étalement de la gouttelette." Phd thesis, Université de Limoges, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325225.
Full textLe processus d'écrasement et d'étalement d'une goutte sur une surface solide reste encore un phénomène complexe et mal maîtrisé. Cependant cette étude permet une avancée sensible dans la compréhension de l'étalement par écoulement de la particule liquide et des interactions entre phases solides et liquides d'une part et d'autre part entre gouttes qui s'écrasent simultanément sur la surface solide l'une à côté de l'autre ou bien l'une après l'autre. Elle décrit les méthodes de résolution numérique des équations thermomécaniques d'impact des gouttes liquides (cuivre, zircone, émail) sur des substrats solides et en valide les résultats obtenus par comparaison avec ceux, tant expérimentaux que numériques, obtenus par d'autres auteurs.
Meski, Oussama. "Développement d’un outil à base de connaissances pour l'aide à la décision dans le contexte de l’Industrie 4.0 : application au diagnostic des machines d’usinage à grande vitesse." Thesis, Nantes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NANT4002.
Full textWithin the context of its fourth revolution, the industrial world is undergoing a strong digitalization in all sectors. This research work is integrated in a context of transition towards the industry of the future, specifically in the mechanical machining industries. These studies answer the problematic of industrial data and knowledge integration, to sustain the functioning of decision-support systems. The proposed approach is used to diagnose the failure of connected machining machines. This thesis proposes, in a first step, a conceptual framework for the structuring of heterogeneous knowledge and data bases, necessary to implement the DSS. Through a first traceability function, the system capitalizes the description of the characteristics of all particular events and malicious phenomena that may appear during machining. The diagnostic function allows to understand the causes of these failures and to propose improvement solutions, through the reuse of knowledge stored in the ontology and a rule-based reasoning. The proposed knowledge-based system is implemented in a global Decision Support Framework, developed as part of the ANR collaborative project called Smart Emma. A practical application has been made on two real databases from two different industrials
Urbain, Brieuc. "Elaboration of a biochemically-based structured model for the growth of eukaryotic microalgae in photobioreactors : application to the unicellular green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4096/document.
Full textThe present work deals with the elaboration of a predictive model for the growth of eukaryotic microalgae in photobioreactors, built on an analysis of the growth metabolism of the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in photoautotrophic conditions. The proposed model belongs to the family of biochemically-based structured models. Besides a comprehensive representation of the conversion yields of substrates into products based on the description of cellular energetic metabolism, the model allows to predict the dynamic behaviour of microalgae growth in photobioreactors for a wide range of operating conditions, including pigment adaptation to fluctuating light conditions. The model has been identified and validated on an experimental dataset obtained for continuous and batch cultures carried out as part of the PhD, including intraand extracellular measurements. Modelling of microalgal growth behaviour in photobioreactors has been extended to a description of the reactor abiotic phase, relying on the analysis and characterization of gas-liquid mass transfer (O2 / CO2) under the conditions of the study. The abiotic phase modelling has led to the development of a biomass concentration estimator based on the measurement of the net oxygen production rate. This tool has been validated experimentally and has been applied to the real-time monitoring of cultures, as well as the control of a photobioreactor in turbidostat mode
Fischer, Stéphane. "Développement d'une instrumentation ultrasonore pour la mesure des vitesses des liquides au-delà de la limite de Nyquist par une approche spectrale." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011601.
Full textLe signal Doppler étant échantillonné par nature, il est soumis au théorème de Shannon qui impose une vitesse maximale mesurable nommée vitesse de Nyquist. Celle-ci est directement proportionnelle à la fréquence de répétition des trains d'ondes (PRF pour Pulse Repetition Frequency). La profondeur d'exploration est également liée au PRF. Ceci impose la principale limite de cette méthode, à savoir la relation inverse liant la profondeur d'exploration et la vitesse maximale mesurable. Une méthode permettant des mesures de vitesses au-delà de la limite de Nyquist est proposée. Elle se base sur l'utilisation de plusieurs fréquences de répétition des trains d'ondes. Le repliement différent pour chaque PRF permet l'apport d'information nécessaire à la résolution de l'ambiguïté sur les vitesses. Un algorithme original de reconstruction spectrale est proposé. Il permet de recombiner les DSP repliés obtenus pour chaque PRF afin de reproduire la DSP du signal Doppler.
Mathon, Julien. "Développement de nouveaux outils algorithmiques et technologiques pour l'étude du mouvement des chromosomes dans la levure S. Cerevisiae." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949331.
Full textAuchet, Sébastien. "Développement d'une technique originale de mesure des efforts de coupe en usinage à grande vitesse basée sur la technologie des paliers magnétiques actifs : applications au fraisage des matériaux aéronautique." Metz, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2004/Auchet.Sebastien.SMZ0429.pdf.
Full textWe have developed an original cutting forces measurement method which doesn't need complementary instrumentation of the machine tool. It is based on analysis of information provided by Active Magnetic Bearings (AMB) of the spindle. Cutting forces are obtained by combining command voltages of AMB saved during machining and eight AMB/tool Transfer Functions (FT) experimentally measured when the rotor doesn't move. Our cutting forces measurements are in good agreement with Kistler and Dyna TK dynamometer in their application field (respectively 1 kHz and 8 kHz). Taking account of gyroscopic effects need to replace the eight experimental AMB/tool FT by those obtained using a finite element analysis of the set rotor/toot-holder/tool in our cutting forces measurement method. Frequency spectrum of cutting forces is similar to the one measured by piezoelectric dynamometers in their application field. Moreover, spectral arrays appear at frequencies greater than 9 kHz on spectrum of cutting forces. Cutting forces that are measured using command voltages of AMBs are multiplied by stiffness at the end of the tool obtained by the finite elements simulation to provide the measurement of the displacement of the tool during machining
Sentouh, Chouki. "Analyse du risque et détection de situations limites : application au développement des systèmes d'alerte au conducteur." Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00419414.
Full textChaves-Jacob, Julien. "Développement d'une méthodologie de réduction des défauts géométriques : application à l'usinage 5-axes de composants de turbomachine." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005522.
Full textEl, Tannoury Charbel. "Développement d'outils de surveillance de la pression dans les pneumatiques d'un véhicule à l'aides des méthodes basées sur l'analyse spectrale et sur la synthèse d'observateurs." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00693340.
Full textNguyêñ, Huũ Tuyên. "Etude expérimentale de l'influence de la géométrie de stabilisateur sur le développement d'une flamme non prémélangée." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1999. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1788_htnguyen.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this work was to point out the influence of the aerodynamic behind a bluff-body on the mechanisms of stabilisation of a non premixed flame. This aerodynamic behaviour is controlled not only by the dynamics of the flows but also, and particularly, by the geometry of the stabiliser. This analysis has been developed on a non-confined experimental set-up consisting of two separated and concentric flows (fuel and air), and for two stabilisers, disk and tulip shape burners. Direct visualisations were performed and were completed with velocity field measurements for cold and reacting flows by means of a two-component laser Doppler Anemometer. Temperature fields were also obtained by using a thermocouple. The characterisation of the recirculation zone allowed to bring to light several interesting phenomena: (i) The disk burner induces an important deviation of the annular flow and creates a larger, wider and more intense recirculation zone than the one observed with the tulip burner, for whiçh the effect of the boundary-layer development is predominant, (ii) The competition between the central jet and the recirculating flow, in terms of momentum flux, allows to differentiate the "dominant jet regime" from the "dominant flow regime", (iii) For the reacting flow, the decrease of the density in the zone surrounding the central jet facilitates its penetration, (iv) The effect of the burner shape for the reacting flow can be evaluated in a similar way as for the cold flow: the aerodynamic of the recirculating flow due to the disk enhances stronger perturbations than those generated by the tulip. The analysis of the development of the flame and of its structure has emphasised three main stabilisation regimes (development, ring flame, recirculating flame), two transition regimes and a domain of extinction. To complete this analysis, a study of the "ring flame" regime has been developed. It pointed out that the ring is a triple flame formed at the interface of two flows: a premixed fuel-air-combustion products flow and an air flow
Lu, Jun. "Développement de modèles prédictifs décrivant le couplage chimie-transport dans les sédiments naturels." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2287/document.
Full textManagement of soils or sediments contaminated by metals requires to predict the migration of metallic cations, whose mobility depends both on the transport properties of the medium and chemical reactivity of the system (principally sorption/desorption reactions). To study the sorption of metallic cations (major and trace) in dynamic condition, transport experiments using columns have been carried out with a soil poor in carbonated minerals and organic matter. Considering that the reactivity of this soil was mainly due to swelling clay minerals, a sorption model based on the sorption properties of the Wyoming montmorillonite and built according to a multi-site ion exchanger theory has been integrated into a 1D transport code. The predictions given by this model were then compared with the breakthrough curves measured in this study and those reported in the literature. The study of the reactive transport of major cations highlighted the significant role of protons (even at near neutral pH), and validated the model for major cations (Na and Ca). However, the study concerning Zn (II) showed a discrepancy between the results obtained from batch experiments and those issued from column experiments, which could be attributed to the contribution of another sorbent phase (illite). Finally, the proposed sorption model allowed reproducing with a good confidence experimental data reported from literature for sorption of Zn (II) in dynamic conditions
Ramamonjisoa, Bertin Olivier Andriantiana. "Contribution au développement de séchoirs à chauffage partiellement solaire à La Réunion : mise au point d'un dispositif de mesure de vitesse de séchage en couche mince et d'un code de calcul d'abaques de dimensionnement." La Réunion, 1993. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/93_01_Ramamonjisoa.pdf.
Full textThe author describes an apparatus used for measuring product's dryng kinetics in thin layer. Details are also given about system's performances, operating instructions and results use. Mathematical relations representing dryng kinetics of pineapple and pozzolana are proposed. The dryng parameters are taken into account. Then, the author recalls the design charts establishing principle for partial solar heating system. A numerical calculation code is also given. Its application concers the corn (maize) drying. Three cases are considered : without air recycled, with air totally recycled through a heat exchanger, with this one partially recycled directly towards the drying room from a heating auxiliary source