Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vitamin E'
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Sultan, Arwa. "Vitamin D and Depression in Women of Reproductive Age: Exploring Women’s Use of Vitamin D and Vitamin Supplements." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24787.
Full textLykkesfeldt, Jens. "Vitamin C as biomarker and treatment of oxidative stress caused by smoking : methodological and clinical studies /." Copenhagen : Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Dept. of Pharmacology and Pathobiology, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013109917&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full textMolin, Arnaud. "Etude des causes génétiques de dérégulation du métabolisme de la vitamine D." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC405/document.
Full textThe vitamin D (D3 or cholecalciferol from animal kingdom and D2 or ergosterol from plan kingdom) is a pleiotropic hormone who has numerous biological effects including the regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism. In humans, this compound is synthetized in skin in an inactive form. Thus, we call vitamin D metabolism the biological process which leads to the production of active metabolites (by enzymes 25- and 1α-hydroxylases encoded by CYP2R1 and CYP27B1 genes) and its degradation by vitamin D 24-hydroxylase (gene CYP24A1). The expression of 1α- and 24-hydroxylases is tightly and inversely regulated to maintain calcium and phosphate homeostasis, thanks to several feedback loops including 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and its receptor VDR, serum calcium and parathormone, serum phosphate and FGF23. Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D activation deficiency are associated with rickets, while vitamin D excess are associated with hypercalcemia-hypercalciuria due to vitamin D intoxication (overdose) or hypersensitivity to vitamin D (activation excess or degradation deficiency).Our aim is to identify genetic causes of vitamin D metabolism deregulation and to specify pathophysiologic mechanisms describing phenotype. Thus, we jointly used the tools of genetics (next-generation and Sanger sequencing) and biochemistry (vitamin D metabolites assay) in a cohort of human patients ascertained thanks to the national center for rare diseases of calcium and phosphate metabolism.This work allowed us to specify the role of two genes in diseases of vitamin D metabolism, CYP2R1 and CYP24A1, showing loss of function mutations in patients with rickets and low 25-hydroxyvitamin D and hypersensitivity to vitamin D, respectively. Our study brought new phenotypic elements in these affections. In our cohort of patients, the identification of mutations leading to phosphate deregulation (in SLC34A1 and SLC34A3) highlights the putative role of regulators of vitamin D 1α- and 24-hydroxylases activities in pathophysiology.No significant variation have been identified in the proximal promoting regions of CYP27B1 and CYP24A1. We could not go further considering the lack of knowledge in regulating regions and factors in humans. Identifying distal regulators will allow to study their implication in rare diseases of vitamin D metabolism
Ben, Amara Nisserine. "Evaluation du statut en micronutriments lipophiles au cours de l'obésité : relation avec l'inflammation et l'insulino-résistance." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5053.
Full textObesity is associated with chronic inflammatory condition that plays a deleterious role.This inflammatory state associated with obesity was involved in the development of metabolic complications : insulin resistance and T2DM.Obese, AT is a site for the production of pro and/or anti-inflammatory adipokines, and plays a major role in the development of chronic inflammation associated with obesity.Modifications and changes in lifestyle and therapeutic approaches are preferred to deal with obesity. However,preventive approaches should not be ignored,several epidemiological studies have shown a correlation between obesity and micronutrient deficiency.In addition,there is an inverse correlation between lipophilic micronutrients and carotenoids and the prevalence of obesity and T2DM.The purpose of this thesis is to understand the possible link between LM and carotenoids deficiency, obesity and associated physiological disorders.A cross-sectional study was performed in non-diabetic obese patients.The results allowed us to conclude the existence of a favorable effect of b-carotene on insulin sensitivity in obese patients.This effect may be related to modulation of inflammation or the expression of some adipokines(such as adiponectin), either directly or through its pro-vitamin A activity.A preclinical study was performed; the objective is to assess the impact of the vitamins on weight gain and insulin sensitivity.Mice were subjected to a hypovitaminic diet.After 10 weeks of regimen, we observed an increased adiposity and an altered insulin sensibility.This diet probably acts on the hepatic lipid metabolism via a decrease in oxidative capacity
Boylan, Lee Mallory. "Vitamin E, vitamin B-6, Vitamin B-12, and folate status of gastric restriction surgery patients." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49990.
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Saron, Margareth Lopes Galvão. "Niveis sericos das vitaminas lipossoluveis (A, D e E) em pacientes com atresia biliar e hepatite auto-imune e a relação com o estado nutricional e indicadores clinicos e laboratoriais." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309389.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: As doenças hepáticas crônicas podem induzir à má-absorção de lipídios e vitaminas lipossolúveis e levar ao comprometimento do estado nutricional. O objetivo da pesquisa foi determinar os níveis séricos de vitaminas lipossolúveis (A, D e E) em crianças e adolescentes com atresia biliar (AB) e hepatite auto-imune (HAI) e verificar a relação com o estado nutricional e indicadores laboratoriais e clínicos. O estudo foi transversal e controlado e foram avaliados os pacientes com HAI (n=25) e AB (n=24), e um grupo controle (n=53) pareado por sexo e idade. Os níveis séricos das vitaminas A, D e E foram determinados pela técnica de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Além disso, foi realizada a avaliação antropométrica e a classificação dos pacientes na pontuação de Child-Pugh. Foram empregados os testes de Mann-Whitney, o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman e análise de variância, sendo considerada diferença significativa se p<0,05. Em relação às vitaminas, no grupo controle, constatou-se que os níveis séricos das vitaminas A e E variaram com a idade. Os níveis séricos das vitaminas A, D e E foram maiores no grupo controle em relação aos pacientes com AB e HAI, em conjunto ou separadamente. Em relação ao grupo AB, não foi observado diferença significativa nos níveis séricos das vitaminas A, D e E nos pacientes com ou sem colestase. Os pacientes com AB e HAI, em conjunto, classificados em Child C e Child B apresentaram os menores níveis séricos das vitaminas A e E comparados ao Child A. O déficit nutricional mais grave foi observado nos pacientes com AB com colestase. Verificou-se no grupo AB e HAI em conjunto a correlação do Peso/Idade (P/I), Prega Cutânea Triciptal (PCT), Prega Cutânea Subescapular (PCSE), Circunferência Braquial (CB), Área Adiposa Braquial (AAB) com as vitaminas A e E. Além destes indicadores a vitamina E também se correlacionou com Estatura/Idade (E/I), Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), Área Muscular Braquial (AMB) e Soma das Pregas Cutâneas (SPG) nos pacientes com HAI e AB, em conjunto. Pode-se concluir que, foi observada deficiência das vitaminas A, D e E nos pacientes com AB e HAI. Quanto maior a gravidade da doença menores foram os níveis séricos das vitaminas A e E, nos pacientes com AB e HAI, em conjunto. Essa mesma relação da gravidade da doença ocorreu para as vitaminas A e D nos pacientes com HAI. Com relação ao estado nutricional, os pacientes com AB, principalmente com colestase, apresentaram maior comprometimento nutricional. Houve correlação diretamente proporcional, principalmente da vitamina E com todas as variáveis antropométricas do grupo de AB e HAI em conjunto
Abstract: The chronic liver diseases can cause malabsorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins, leading to a deficient nutritional status. The aim of research was: to evaluate the relation between serum levels of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D and E) on chidren and adolescents with biliary atresia (BA) and auto-immune hepatitis (AIH) with the nutritional status and with laboratorial and clinic indicators. The study was transversal controlled, which were evaluated patients with AIH (n=25) and BA (n=24) and a control group (n=53) lined up by sex and age. The determination of serum levels of vitamins A, D and E was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography. Anthropometrics evaluation and classification of patients on Child-Pugh scale were also used. It was used the Mann-Whitney test, the correlation coefficient of Spearman and variance analysis for data analysis, which was considered significant difference if p< 0.05. Have been evidenced that serum levels of vitamins A and E in healthful group were changed with age. The serum levels of vitamins A, D and E were higher in the healthful group when compared with the patients with BA and AIH together or isolated. No difference in the serum levels of vitamins A, D and E was noted in the BA group with or without cholestasis. The patients with BA and AIH together grouped and classified in Child C and Child B presented the lowest serum levels of vitamins A and E when compared to the patients classified in Child A. The nutritional deficit more intense was observed in the patients with BA and cholestasis. It was verified in the BA and AIH groups together a correlation weight/age (W/A), Triceps Skinfold Thickness (TST), Subscapular Skinfold Thickness (SST), Midarm Circunference (MC) and Midarm Fat Area (MFA), with the vitamins A and E. Besides indicators, the vitamin E was also correlated with Stature/Age (S/A), Body Mass Index (BMI), Midarm Muscle Area (MMA) and SKinfold Sum (SFS) for patients with AIH and BA together. In conclusion, have been observed deficiency of vitamins A, D and E in patients with AB and AIH. For higher serevity of disease, the serum levels of vitamins A e E are lower for patients with AB and AIH together. This same relation occurs for vitamins A and D for patients with AIH. When the nutrition status is evaluated, the patients with AB and cholestasis presented the highest nutritional deficiency. There is a correlation directly proportional, mainly of vitamin E with the anthropometric variables of the AB and AIH groups together
Doutorado
Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
Doutor em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
Matsumura, Miriam Yukiko. "Investigação bioquímica da ocorrência da biossíntese de vitamina K e retinóides no ciclo intraeritrocitário do Plasmodium falciparum." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42135/tde-31032009-130427/.
Full textMalaria is one of the most important parasitic diseases in the world. The spread of resistance to the antimalarials impairs the parasite\'s control. Therefore, is necessary the discovery of new metabolic routes to allow new antimalarials development. Our group has been studying the isoprenoid pathway, characterizing the intermediate and secondary products of this pathway. Based on the presence of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate and shikimate pathways, we decided to investigate the occurrence of retinoids and vitamin K biosynthesis in P. falciparum, through the chromatography of [1(n)-3H]Geranylgeranylpyrophosphate labeled products of intraerythrocytic stages of P. falciparum, and mass espectometry analysis. The retinal, retinol and retinoic acid were not identified in P. falciparum. The results indicate the menaquinone-4 biosynthesis, although deeper investigation is necessary.
Frota, Karine de Holanda. "Ponto de corte para adequação da concentração sérica de 25 hidroxivitamina D em adultos e idosos: estudo de base populacional - ISA-Capital." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-05092012-102812/.
Full textIntroduction - The serum concentration of vitamin D may vary in individuals of different age groups and geographic regions and may be influenced by sun exposure, season and by BMI and parathyroid hormone (PTH). The classification widely used as a cut-off for appropriate vitamin D status refers serum 25 (OH) D above 30 ng/mL. However, this classification may be inappropriate for the Brazilian population, due to the particular food and the climate of our population. Objective - To determine the mean serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and PTH and correlate them with BMI, sunlight exposure and season and to identify the cutoff values of 25 (OH) D associated with elevation in PTH. Methods For this dissertation, one original article were developed. Original article describe cross-sectional study performed with subjects from the ISA Capital, multicenter population-based. We investigated 589 individuals were of both sexes, age groups: 20-59 (adults) and 60 (elderly). Blood samples for laboratory measurements of 25(OH)D and PTH were collected. Individuals, who agreed to participate in blood collection, also answered a questionnaire on sunlight exposure. Statistical analysis included ROC curve, Student t test, correlation tests, ANOVA. The calculations were performed by the software SPSS version 17.0. and p 0.05 was considered significant. Results - In the original article, the mean age of participants was 54.83 (19.21) years, 61.3 per cent female and 38.7 per cent were male. The mean serum 25 (OH) D was 50.02 (22.69) ng/mL, between the groups was 47.48 (23.03) (adults) and 52.68 (22.06) ng/ mL (elderly) and significant difference between them (p = 0.005). A seasonal variation in serum 25 (OH) D was observed and positive correlation between 25(OH)D and BMI (r = 0.114, p = 0.006). The new cutoff value 55.8 ng / mL, determined by ROC curve analysis found 67.6 per cent of subjects insufficient 25 (OH) D and between groups 72.1 per cent (adults) and 62.8 per cent (elderly). Conclusion - The results demonstrate the presence of seasonal variation in serum 25 (OH) D in the municipality of Sao Paulo. The cutoff point proposed for our population showed a high prevalence of insufficient vitamin D. Therefore, public policy is needed to prevent vitamin D insufficiency in order to beneficial effects on health and quality of life in this population.
Lowe, Lorraine Claire. "Vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor in breast cancer." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428038.
Full textChen, Hong-chei. "Studies on the biosynthesis of vitamin B2 and vitamin B12 /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487596307358381.
Full textEvangelista, JoÃo Josà Ferreira. "AÃÃo farmacolÃgica das vitaminas A & E na produÃÃo de oÃcitos e embriÃes bovinos." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4299.
Full textCoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Na produÃÃo in vitro (PIV) de embriÃes bovinos vÃrios fatores contribuem para as variÃveis na produÃÃo e qualidade dos oÃcitos e embriÃes. Avaliou-se o uso parenteral de vitamina A (VA) e vitamina E (VE) na produÃÃo de oÃcitos colhidos por aspiraÃÃo folicular (OPU) e embriÃes por produÃÃo in vitro (PIV) em de vacas (n=22), sendo: Simental (S) (n=2); Nelore (N) (n=4); Brahma (B) (n=5) e Gir (G) (n=11). Todos os animais foram alocados na fase prÃ-tratamento (F1) (n=22) (nÃo receberam vitaminas) e os mesmos animais utilizados para a fase pÃs-tratamento (F2) (receberam 1.000.000 UI de vitamina A e 1g de vitamina E). A primeira OPU foi na F1, logo em seguida foi aplicado 1.000.000 UI de VA e 1g de VE, e apÃs 12 dias realizou-se nova OPU para fazer a F2. Os oÃcitos (CCO) foram maturados, fecundados e cultivados in vitro. As 44 OPU produziram 520 oÃcitos, 217 (F1) e 303 (F2), havendo efeito significativo, com acrÃscimo de 86 oÃcitos, obtendo mÃdia e desvio padrÃo 9,86Â5,53 F1 e 13,77Â2,0 F2, (*p<0,0219). Quando separada as raÃas NBG (Nelore, Brahma e Gir) (n=20) houve acrÃscimo de 95 oÃcitos, obtendo mÃdia e desvio padrÃo 9,90Â5,81 F1-NBG e 14,65Â9,44 F2-NBG, (*p<0,0085). As 44 PIV produziram 224 embriÃes, sendo 93 F1 e 131 F2, obtendo mÃdia e desvio padrÃo 4,23Â3,09 F1 e 5,95Â4,05 F2, (*p<0,0228). Quando separada as NBG a produÃÃo foi de 214 embriÃes, havendo acrÃscimo de 38 embriÃes, obtendo valores de 4,45Â3,15 F1 e 6,25Â4,09 F2, (*p<0,0285). Houve um efeito significativo na quantidade produzida de oÃcitos (n=22) e oÃcitos NBG (n=20). Houve efeito na produÃÃo de embriÃes de todas as raÃas (n=22) e embriÃes NBG (n=20). A suplementaÃÃo com VA e VE aumentou o nÃmero de oÃcitos totais (1,7Â0,7); oÃcitos NBG (1,8Â0,8); embriÃes totais (3,9Â1,6) e embriÃes NBG (4,7Â1,6). A resposta da F2 comparado com a F1 na produÃÃo de oÃcitos e embriÃes foi significativa quando todas as raÃas estavam agrupadas e tambÃm quando foi agrupado apenas as Bos taurus indicus (NBG). O uso das vitaminas A e E pode ser usada para maior recuperaÃÃo oÃcitÃria e embrionÃria em raÃas ZebuÃnas.
The in vitro (IVP) bovine embryos production has several factors that contribute to the variables in the production and quality of oocytes and embryos. We evaluated the parenteral use of vitamin A (VA) and vitamin E (VE) in the production of oocytes collected by follicular aspiration (OPU) and embryos by in vitro production (IVP) in cows (n = 22), where: Simmental (S) (n = 2), Nelore (N) (n = 4), Brahma (B) (n = 5) and Gir (G) (n = 11). All animals were allocated in the pre-treatment (F1) (n = 22) (not receiving vitamins) and the same animals used for post-treatment (F2) (received 1,000,000 IU of vitamin A and vitamin 1g E). The first OPU was in F1, soon after 1,000,000 IU was administered 1 g of VE and VA, and after 12 days was held to make the new OPU F2. Oocytes (COC) were matured, fertilized and cultured in vitro. The OPU 44 yielded 520 oocytes, 217 (F1) and 303 (F2), with significant effect, an increase of 86 oocytes, obtaining mean and standard deviation 9.86 Â 5.53 13.77 Â 2.0 F1 and F2, (*p <0.0219). When separate races NBG (Nelore, Brahman and Gir) (n = 20) there was an increase of 95 oocytes, obtaining mean and standard deviation 9.90 Â 5.81 and 14.65 NBG F1-F2-NBG Â 9.44, (*p <0.0085). The 44 IVP embryos produced 224, 93 F1 and 131 F2, getting mean and standard deviation 4.23 Â 3.09 5.95 Â 4.05 F1 and F2, (*p <0.0228). When separated from the NBG production was 214 embryos, with an increase of 38 embryos, obtaining values of 4.45 Â 3.15 6.25 Â 4.09 F1 and F2, (*p <0.0285). There was a significant effect on the quantity produced of oocytes (n = 22) and NBG oocytes (n = 20). It was an increased in all breeds embryos production (n = 22) and NBG embryos (n = 20). Supplementation with VE and VA increased the total number of oocytes (1.7 Â 0.7); NBG oocytes (1.8 Â 0.8); total embryos (3.9 Â 1.6) and embryos NBG (4 7 Â 1.6). The response of the F2 compared to F1 in the production of oocytes and embryos was significant when all races were grouped together and also when it was grouped only Bos taurus indicus (NBG). The use of vitamins A and E can be used to greater oocyte recovery and embryo in Zebu breeds.
Presoto, Ana Elisa Ferreira. "Vitaminas do complexo B e ferro em farinhas de cereais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-21112017-145753/.
Full textComplex B vitamins and iron are present in some cereal foods, a kind of food largely consumed by Brazilian people. The total of these micronutrients can be significant at the dairy ingestion portion and in the consume of industrialized products enriched with complex B vitamins and iron contribute in the recommended dietary intake of these micronutrients. Table of food composition do not report complete data of complex B vitamins and iron in cereal flours. In Brazil, since 2002 the addition of folic acid and iron in com and wheat flours is compulsory. Therefore, to adapt the label of some products enriched with vitamins and iron, there is necessary the development and validation of analytical methods. These methods must be reliable and with enough sensitivity to analyse complex B vitamins and iron, in low concentration, wich are natural content in food. The purpose of this work is the evaluation, with validated methods, of the content of seven complex B vitamíns (B1, B2, B6, niacin, folic acid, pantothenic acid and biotin) and iron in five kinds of cereal flours (oat, rice, barley, com and wheat). These raw materiais are used in food industry in order to enrich the industrialized products.
Nascimento, RÃmulo Malta. "AvaliaÃÃo sazonal de CarotenÃides provitamina A (alfa- e beta caroteno) e vitamina E ( alfa- tocoferol) em macroalgas marinhas pertencentes ao gÃnero Cryptonemia." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7762.
Full textCoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar a existÃncia de variaÃÃo sazonal nos conteÃdos de carotenÃides provitamina A ( e caroteno) e vitamina E ( e tocoferol) em duas espÃcies de macroalgas marinhas vermelhas, Cryptonemia luxurians e C. crenulata. As algas foram coletadas mensalmente de janeiro a dezembro de 2007, durante as marÃs baixas na Praia do Pacheco, Caucaia, CearÃ. Em laboratÃrio as algas foram desidratadas em estufa a 40ÂC por 15 horas. O material desidratado foi triturado atà a obtenÃÃo de um pà fino e, em seguida, submetido aos procedimentos de extraÃÃo com metanol, saponificaÃÃo com hidrÃxido de potÃssio e partiÃÃo em n-hexano. Para a anÃlise simultÃnea de carotenÃides e tocoferÃis, por cromatografia lÃquida de alta eficiÃncia, uma coluna Waters Spherisorb-Hichrom S5 ODS-2 (4,6 x 250 mm) e fase mÃvel de MeOH: THF (95:5, v/v), com fluxo de 1,5 mL min -1 foram utilizadas, com detecÃÃo em 450 nm e 292 nm, respectivamente. Em ambas as espÃcies pertencentes ao gÃnero Cryptonemia foram detectados e caroteno ao longo dos meses de coleta. De uma maneira geral, as duas espÃcies apresentaram maiores teores de caroteno que caroteno. Apesar de as macroalgas analisadas pertencerem ao mesmo gÃnero, foi possÃvel verificar uma variaÃÃo nos teores de carotenÃides provitamina A ao longo do ano entre as espÃcies. C. luxurians pode ser eleita como melhor fonte de vitamina A que C. crenulata. Dentre os isÃmeros da vitamina E, tocoferol apresentou as maiores concentraÃÃes. C. luxurians exibiu os maiores teores de ambos os tocoferÃis. De acordo com os resultados obtidos no presente estudo, as macroalgas marinhas C. luxurians e C. crenulata desidratadas em estufa a 40ÂC por 15 horas possivelmente sÃo melhores fontes de vitamina E do que de vitamina A. Para avaliar o comportamento sazonal dos teores de e caroteno e e tocoferol, foi utilizada a anÃlise de agrupamentos. A partir dessa anÃlise constatou-se que os teores de tocoferÃis apresentaram variaÃÃo mais proeminente, tanto entre as estaÃÃes do ano como entre as espÃcies, quando comparados com os carotenÃides provitamina A, os quais demonstraram maior estabilidade nos teores por espÃcie e por estaÃÃo do ano. Entretanto, somente a partir de estudos posteriores serà possÃvel determinar quais fatores e sua influÃncia na variaÃÃo dos teores de carotenÃides provitamina A e vitamina E das espÃcies analisadas.
The objective of this research project was to investigate the existence of seasonal variation of both provitamin A carotenoids ( and carotene) and vitamin E ( and tocopherol) in two species of red marine macroalgae, Cryptonemia luxurians and C. crenulata. The alga samples were collected monthly from January to December of 2007, during the low tides of Pacheco Beach, Caucaia, CearÃ. The alga samples were dehydrated at 40ÂC for 15 h. The dried alga material was crushed into a fine powder and then submitted into the procedures of extraction with methanol, saponification with potassium hydroxide and partition with n-hexane. For simultaneous analyses of carotenoids and tocopherols the HPLC system consisted of a Waters Spherisorb-Hichrom S5 ODS-2 (4.6 x 250 mm) column and a mobile phase of MeOH: THF (95:5, v/v), delivered at 1.5 mL min -1 , with detection at 450 nm and 292 nm, respectively. In both species belonging to the genre Cryptonemia were detected and carotene throughout all the sampling months. In general, both species contained larger concentrations of carotene than carotene. Despite the macroalgae analyzed belonged to the same genre, it was possible to verify a variation in the concentrations of provitamin A carotenoids throughout the year. C. luxurians was elected as a better source of vitamin A than C. crenulata. Among the isomers of vitamin E, tocopherol showed the higher concentrations. C. luxurians showed the highest levels of both tocopherols. According to these results, C. luxurians and C. crenulata oven-dried at 40ÂC for 15 h are possibly better sources of vitamin E than vitamin A. To verify the seasonal behavior of the concentrations of provitamin A carotenoids and vitamin E, grouping analysis was utilized. Based upon the results of this analysis it was established that tocopherol concentrations showed a more substantiated variation in the macroalgae within the seasons of the year as well as among the two species. On the other hand, the provitamin A carotenoids, exhibited more stable concentrations considering the species and the seasons. Nevertheless, only with subsequent studies it will be possible to determine the factors and its influence on the variation of provitamin A carotenoids and vitamin E contents of the analyzed species.
Clarke, Michael William. "Vitamin E metabolism in humans." University of Western Australia. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0191.
Full textBall, Lindsay Clare. "Cystic fibrosis and vitamin D supplementation." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2010. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2010m/ball.pdf.
Full textFernandes, Glaura Scantamburlo Alves. "Relação entre estresse oxidativo e desordens reprodutivas em ratos machos hiperglicemicos = potencial antioxidante das vitaminas C e E." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/318037.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A hiperglicemia está relacionada com desordens no sistema reprodutor masculino. Quando induzida quimicamente, ela pode causar diminuição nos níveis dos hormônios sexuais, no peso dos órgãos reprodutores, na concentração espermática, na fertilidade bem como alteração no comportamento sexual de ratos machos. No homem, a hiperglicemia pode levar a impotência sexual, diminuição da libido e da espermatogênese. Contudo, os principais fatores que ocasionam essas alterações ainda são discutíveis. Uma das hipóteses seria o aumento do estresse oxidativo, o qual pode causar peroxidação lipídica nas membranas biológicas, neuropatias hiperglicêmicas, danificar a molécula de DNA e comprometer a comunicação celular. No entanto, há escassez de informações que relacionem o efeito do estresse oxidativo aumentado com a morfofisiologia do sistema reprodutor masculino em indivíduos hiperglicêmicos. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se o tratamento com antioxidantes (vitaminas C e/ou E), ao diminuir o estresse oxidativo, poderia diminuir os danos causados pela hiperglicemia no sistema reprodutor masculino de ratos. Para tanto, a hiperglicemia foi induzida quimicamente utilizando dose única do antibiótico streptozotocin em ratos machos adultos (90 dias de idade; 9 ou 10/grupo experimental). Esses animais foram divididos em grupos experimentais que receberam vitamina C e E (sozinhas ou associadas), ou apenas os veículos (grupo normoglicêmico) durante trinta dias consecutivos por via oral. No 31º dia do período experimental, após a eutanásia dos animais, foi coletado sangue para avaliação dos biomarcadores do estresse oxidativo e dos níveis hormonais, e órgãos reprodutores para avaliação dos parâmetros espermáticos e resposta noradrenérgica do ducto deferente. O delineamento experimental acima descrito foi empregado a um outro lote de animais para realização das análises histopatológicas e morfométricas do testículo e epidídimo. Os resultados mostraram que a hiperglicemia causou significativo aumento do estresse oxidativo e da sensibilidade dos receptores a1 noradrenérgicos, diminuição no peso corporal e dos órgãos reprodutores, redução na motilidade espermática, no nível de testosterona, aumento no número de espermatozóides malformados e um rearranjo nos componentes do tecido epididimário. As vitaminas reduziram significativamente o nível do estresse oxidativo e o número de espermatozóides malformados, mas em ambos os casos a vitamina C foi mais efetiva. As vitaminas também reduziram parcialmente a sensibilidade dos receptores a à noradrenalina. Com relação aos prejuízos da motilidade espermática a vitamina C sozinha amenizou parcialmente essas alterações. Também, a administração da vitamina C sozinha preveniu a redução da proporção dos componentes epididimários. Além disso, a vitamina C sozinha e associada com a vitamina E restabeleceram parcialmente os níveis de testosterona. Entretanto, a associação das vitaminas causou uma redução significativa nos níveis de LH. Contudo, a produção espermática diária, o tempo de trânsito espermático pelo epidídimo, o aspecto histológico dos testículos e epidídimos, o diâmetro dos túbulos seminíferos, os níveis de FSH e a resposta máxima noradrenérgica foram estatisticamente semelhantes entre os grupos experimentais. Em conclusão, essas vitaminas, atuando como antioxidantes, podem diminuir algumas alterações no sistema reprodutor masculino de ratos causados pela hiperglicemia.
Abstract: The hyperglycemia is related to disorders in the male reproductive system. When induced chemically, it can reduce the sexual hormones' level, reproductive organs' weight, sperm concentration, and fertility as well as the male rat sexual behavior. In men, the hyperglycemia can lead to sexual impotence, libido and spermatogenesis reduction. However, the main factors that are responsible for these alterations are still controversial. One of the possible causes for this would be the increase of the oxidative stress, which can cause lipid peroxidation in the biological membranes, hyperglycemic neuropathies, injury in the DNA molecule and to compromise the cellular communication. However, there is a lack of information related to the increased oxidative stress effect with the morphophysiology from the male reproductive system in hyperglycemic subjects. In this sense, the aim of the present study was to evaluate if the treatment with antioxidants (vitamins C and/or E), lowering the oxidative stress, could somehow attenuate the damages caused by hyperglycemia in the male rat reproductive system. Therefore the hyperglycemia was induced chemically using a single dose of streptozotocin antibiotic in male adult rats (90 days old; 9 or 10/experimental group). These animals were divided into experimental groups that received vitamin C or E (isolated or in association), or only the vehicles (normoglycemic group) during thirty consecutive days orally. At the 31st day from the experimental period, after the euthanasia of the rats, blood was collected to evaluate biomarkers of oxidative stress and hormonal levels, and reproductive organs to evaluate the permatic parameters and the noradrenergic response of vas deferens. The experimental design described above was applied in another amount of animals for the accomplishment of histopathological and morphometric analysis from testis and epididymis. The results showed that hyperglycemia caused significant increase in the oxidative stress and in the sensibility of noradrenergic a1 receptors, decrease in the body mass and in the reproductive organs' weights, reduction on the sperm motility, on epididymal tissue, in the testosterone level, an increase in the malformed sperm number and a rearrangement in the epididymal tissue components. The vitamins reduced significantly the level of oxidative stress and the number of malformed sperm, but in both cases vitamin C was more effective. These vitamins also reduced partly the sensibility to noradrenalin in the a receptors. In relation to the injuries in the sperm motility, the vitamin C alone attenuated partly these alterations. In addition, the vitamin C alone also prevented the reduction of the epididymal compartimental. Besides that, the vitamin C alone and in association to vitamin E reestablished partly the testosterone levels. Meanwhile, the association of the vitamins caused a significant reduction in the LH levels. Nonetheless, the daily sperm production, the transit time by epididymis, the histological aspect of the testes and epididymides, the seminiferous tubular diameter, the FSH levels and the maximum noradrenergic response were statistically equal among the groups. In summary, these vitamins, acting as antioxidants, may reduce some changes in the rat male reproductive system caused by hyperglycemia.
Doutorado
Biologia Celular
Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
Martori, Muntsant Clara. "Vitamin D and canine leishmaniasis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673957.
Full textLas leishmaniosis son un grupo de enfermedades causadas por protozoos del género Leishmania que se transmiten por vectores. La leishmaniosi visceral (LV) humana puede ser mortal si no se trata, resultando en 26 000-65 000 muertes por año. Los cánidos son el principal reservorio y huéspedes de Leishmania infantum, el agente causante de la LV zoonótica en la cuenca mediterránea. Se desconoce el mecanismo que regula el resultado final de la infección, pero se sabe que el sistema inmunitario juega un papel clave en el control de la enfermedad. Varios estudios han demostrado que la vitamina D tiene un rol importante en la respuesta inmune, activando el sistema inmunitario innato y modulando la respuesta adaptativa. Además, se ha descrito la relación entre la deficiencia de vitamina D y el riesgo de sufrir algunas enfermedades. El objetivo de la tesis fue estudiar si la vitamina D tiene una contribución relevante en la leishmaniosis canina (LCan). Para ello se determinó la concentración de vitamina D en muestras de suero de una población de perros sanos y enfermos de leishmaniosis residentes en una zona altamente endémica y se estudió la relación de ésta con parámetros parasitológicos e inmunológicos. Los perros enfermos mostraron niveles de vitamina D significativamente más bajos que los no infectados y que los infectados asintomáticos. Además, la deficiencia de vitamina D se correlacionó con parámetros relacionados con la progresión de la enfermedad. También investigamos si las variaciones genéticas en el locus del gen del receptor de la vitamina D se asocia con la progresión de LCan, pero las frecuencias alélicas de los polimorfismos (SNPs) encontrados no resultaron ser estadísticamente diferentes entre grupos. Posteriormente se analizó la concentración de vitamina D en muestras de suero tomadas en diferentes periodos del año en una cohorte de perros sanos. Los resultados mostraron que no hay una variación estacional de los niveles de vitamina D en perros. También se analizó retrospectivamente la concentración de vitamina D en perros con leishmaniosis clínica y perros no infectados al inicio del estudio, cuando todos los animales eran negativos a Leishmania, y un año después. Mientras que los perros sanos no mostraron cambios en los niveles de vitamina D durante el estudio, los que desarrollaron leishmaniosis mostraron una reducción significativa al final del estudio. Por lo tanto, la concentración de vitamina D no es un factor de riesgo para desarrollar LCan, sino que disminuye con el curso de la enfermedad. Un modelo in vitro demostró que añadir vitamina D activa (1,25(OH)2D3) conlleva una reducción significativa de la carga de L. infantum en macrófagos caninos. Analizando la expresión de genes relacionados con la vía de la vitamina D en monocitos caninos primarios demostramos que la expresión de la β-defensina CBD103 aumenta significativamente con la adición de 1,25(OH)2D3. Los resultados corroboraron que la vitamina D juega un papel en el control del parásito. Por últimos, se estudió la viabilidad de la vitamina D como adyuvante para potenciar el efecto de una vacuna frente la leishmaniosis. Se administró vitamina D junto a una vacuna de ADN encapsulada en liposomas a ratones BALB/c. Dos semanas después de la vacunación los animales se infectaron con L. infantum. Se determinó la carga parasitaria en órganos diana y se evaluó la respuesta inmune antes de la infección y seis semanas después. La vacuna no redujo significativamente la carga parasitaria, pero con la coadministración de vitamina D se apreció una tendencia a reducirla. El estudio de la respuesta inmunológica sugirió que el aumento de linfocitos T CD4+ y CD8+ podrían haber contribuido a la protección parcial conseguida cuando se administró vitamina D como potenciador junto a la vacuna.
Leishmaniasis are a group of neglected vector-borne diseases caused by obligate intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) can be fatal if left untreated, resulting in 26 000-65 000 deaths per year. Canids are the main reservoir and hosts of L. infantum, the causative agent of zoonotic VL in the Mediterranean Basin. The mechanisms that regulate the outcome of the infection are undisclosed, although it is well known that immune system plays a key role in leishmaniasis disease control. Several studies have shown that vitamin D plays an important immunomodulatory role by activating innate immune system and modulating the adaptive immune response. Furthermore, the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of suffering from a plethora of health disorders has been described. The aim of the thesis was to study if vitamin D have a relevant contribution in canine leishmaniasis (CanL). Because of that, we measured vitamin D concentration in serum samples from a cohort of healthy and ill dogs from a highly endemic area and we have also studied the relationship of vitamin D concentration with parasitological and immunological parameters. The sick dogs presented significantly lower vitamin D levels than their non-infected and the asymptomatic counterparts. In addition, vitamin D deficiency correlated with several parameters linked to leishmaniasis progression. We also aimed to investigate whether genetic variation within the vitamin D receptor gene locus is associated with the progression of CanL, but the allelic frequencies of the four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found were not statistically different between groups. Afterwards, we analysed retrospectively vitamin D concentration in serum samples from a cohort of healthy dogs collected in different periods of the year. The results showed that there is not a seasonal variation of vitamin D concentration in dogs. We also analysed retrospectively vitamin D concentration in serum samples from dogs with clinical leishmaniasis and non-infected healthy dogs, in which we measured vitamin D levels at the beginning of the study, when all dogs were negative for Leishmania, and 1 year later. Whereas non-infected dogs showed no changes in vitamin D levels along the study, those developing clinical leishmaniasis showed a significant vitamin D reduction at the end of the study. Therefore, vitamin D concentration is not a risk factor for developing canine leishmaniasis, but it diminishes with the onset of clinical disease. An in vitro model using a canine macrophage cell line proved that adding active vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3) leads to a significant reduction in L. infantum load. Analyzing expression of genes related to vitamin D pathway on primary canine monocytes, we showed that defensin CBD103 expression was significantly enhanced after active vitamin D addition. The in vitro results corroborated that vitamin D plays a role in parasitic control. Finally, we studied the suitability of vitamin D as an adjuvant to enhance the effect of a DNA vaccine against VL. BALB/c mice were treated with vitamin D concomitantly with a DNA vaccine encapsulated in liposomes. Two weeks after vaccination, the animals were infected with L. infantum parasites. Parasite load was measured in target tissues and immune response was evaluated before challenge and six weeks post-infection. Our DNA vaccine did not significantly reduce parasite load in liver nor spleen, but vitamin D coadministration showed a tendency to diminish parasite load in target organs. The study of cell response in splenocytes suggested that higher levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells may be responsible for the partial protection mediated by the DNA vaccine with vitamin D as enhancer.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Farmacologia
Khalil, Omar Arafat Kdudsi [UNESP]. "Avaliação da interação entre a curcumina e o ácido ascórbico em ensaios de atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100740.
Full textUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O excesso na geração de espécies reativas como os radicais livres pode resultar num desequilíbrio que, embora benéfico em casos específicos como no combate a microrganismos patógenos, está implicado na etiologia de diversas patologias crônicas e com o envelhecimento precoce. Muitos pesquisadores indicam o uso de antioxidantes como potenciais para a prevenção destas patologias e inclusive, algumas pesquisas com antioxidantes como a curcumina estão em etapas finais do desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos. Embora atividades biológicas como a antimicrobiana e antioxidante sejam bastante exploradas para várias substâncias, há um grande potencial para a investigação em relação às atividades de duas ou mais substâncias associadas. O ácido ascórbico, por exemplo, possui algumas atividades biológicas semelhantes às da curcumina, entretanto seu uso e custo são mais acessíveis. Deste modo, há perspectivas para investigações sobre os efeitos resultantes da associação entre a curcumina e o ácido ascórbico em relação a algumas atividades biológicas, com destaque para a curcumina. Assim, este trabalho objetivou determinar os efeitos resultantes desta associação em relação ao perfil de atividades antimicrobiana, antioxidante, hemolítica e na estabilidade da curcumina. Foram utilizadas metodologias de análise de atividade antioxidante como os ensaios de ação scavenger do DPPH·, ABTS·+, O2 ·-, HOCl e também por análise do sistema oxidativo catalisado por peroxidase. Em relação às análises celulares e antimicrobianas, foi determinada a toxicidade sobre eritrócitos e a atividade em relação à Sthaphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans e Candida krusei. A estabilidade da curcumina foi determinada por espectrofotometria...
The excessive generation of reactive species such as free radicals can result in an imbalance which is implicated in the etiology of various chronic diseases and premature aging, although it is beneficial in specific cases, such as in against microbial pathogens. Many researchers suggest the antioxidants usage to prevent these diseases. Some researches about curcumin and others antioxidants are even in final stages of developing new medicines. Although some biological activities are fully explored for various substances, there is great potential of research about the activities of two or more associated substances. Ascorbic acid, for example, has some biological activities similar to those of curcumin, but its use and cost are more accessible. Thus, there are prospects for research on the effects of the association between these molecules, especially curcumin, in relation to some biological activities. This study aimed to determine the effects of this association on antioxidant, antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of curcumin. Since this association can prevent the oxidative degradation of curcumin, it was also aimed to analyze the effects of ascorbic acid on the curcumin stability. Antioxidant activities were evaluated through DPPH , ABTS +, O2 - and HOCl scavenging assays and guaiacol oxidation catalyzed by peroxidase. Regarding the cellular and microbial analysis, the toxicity was determined on erythrocytes and the antimicrobial activity was studied to Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Candida krusei. The stability of curcumin was determined spectrophotometrically. The combination resulted in a increase in antioxidant activity of curcumin against DPPH , ABTS + and HOCl. We were unable to determine the effect of the association against... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Ellfolk, Maria. "Regulation of Vitamin D 25-hydroxylases : Effects of Vitamin D Metabolites and Pharmaceutical Compounds on the Bioactivation of Vitamin D." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för farmaceutisk biokemi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9412.
Full textAlmeida, Ane Cristina Fayão. "Concentrações séricas de vitamina D em lactentes saudáveis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17144/tde-29032018-110301/.
Full textIntroduction: A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in children has been observed worldwide, but there are few studies on the nutritional status of vitamin D (VD) in healthy infants. The main cause of deficiency in healthy children is breastfeeding without supplementation and lack or insufficiency of sun exposure. Objective: To determine serum concentrations of VD and verify its association with parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and use of VD supplementation in healthy infants aged >= 6 to <= 24 months attended at two Basic Health Units in Ribeirão Preto city, São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational and analytical study was performed in which were determined serum concentrations of 25 (OH) D, PTH, alkaline phosphatase (AP), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and albumin of 155 healthy infants. Information of sun exposure, sociodemographic aspects of mothers and clinical and nutritional characteristics of infants were obtained through interviews with responsible for infants. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D greater than 20ng / ml were considered adequate, between 12 to 20ng / ml insufficient and <12ng/ml, deficient. Results: Ten infants (6.5%, 95% Confidence Interval 3.5-11.4) presented VD insufficiency and none presented DVD. Only one infant had an increase in PTH serum concentrations and 35.5% of infants had high AP but none presented DVD or VD insufficiency. No changes in serum P, Ca and albumin concentrations were detected. No associations were found between serum concentrations of 25 (OH) D and AP, Ca and albumin. There was an association between serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and PTH even after adjusting for sex, age and body mass index; an association between serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and P was observed only after adjustment for covariates. There were no associations between VD insufficiency, sun exposure and VD supplementation. Conclusions: A low prevalence of insufficient concentrations of 25 (OH)D was observed. No associations were found between serum concentrations of 25 (OH)D and PTH, FA, Ca, P and albumin. Likewise, no associations were found between serum concentrations of 25 (OH)D, sun exposure and VD supplementation.
Margier, Marielle. "Absorption intestinale des vitamines D et K : mécanismes moléculaires et interactions avec les composés des légumineuses." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0623/document.
Full textVitamin D and K are fat-soluble micronutrients that participate to the proper functioning of the organism. They are essential to prevent bleeding, bone, metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. However, even if those vitamins are provided in sufficient quantities in our diet, their health effects are closely linked to their bioavailability. A better knowledge of their absorption mechanisms would help to optimize their bioavailability.Firstly, we showed that vitamin K absorption involves the cholesterol transporters SR-B1 and CD36. We also showed that enterocytes can not only efflux newly absorbed vitamins D and K but also excrete vitamin D and K from the blood compartment to the intestinal lumen. This phenomenon of transintestinal excretioninvolves the cholesterol membrane transporters ABCB1 and ABCG5/G8.Secondly, we showed that the presence of pulses within a meal limits vitamin D and K bioavailability. Indeed, fibers, phytates, saponins and tannins can decrease bioaccessibility and/or uptake of vitamin K. By modulating the nutritional profile of pulses, the cooking method can impact on fat-soluble vitamin transfer to mixed micelles, and in turn affect their bioavailability. These data suggest that pulses must be cooked in an appropriate manner and consumed in micronutrient-rich meals.Keywords: vitamin D, vitamin K, bioaccessibility, intestinal absorption, pulses
Dobre, Cristina. "Vitamin E vid prostatacancer." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Farmakologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-121398.
Full textKUZUYA, FUMIO. "Vitamin B6 and Arteriosclerosis." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/17526.
Full textOreffo, R. O. C. "Vitamin A and bone." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376950.
Full textShelton, Nicholas William. "Vitamin supplementation of sows." Diss., Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18231.
Full textDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
Jim Nelssen
A total of 701 pigs were used to evaluate effects of natural vitamin E relative to synthetic vitamin E in sow diets, late gestation feeding level on sow reproductive performance, dietary L-carnitine and chromium on sow reproductive performance, and experimental design on nursery pig trial interpretation. As D-α-tocopheryl acetate increased in the sow’s diet, concentrations of α-tocopherol increased (P < 0.03) in sow plasma, colostrum, milk, pig plasma, and pig heart. Regression analysis indicated that the bioavailability coefficients for D-α-tocopheryl acetate relative to DL-α-tocopheryl acetate ranged from 2.1 to 4.2 for sow and pig plasma α-tocopherol, 2.9 to 3.0 for colostrum α-tocopherol, 1.6 for milk α-tocopherol, 1.8 for heart α-tocopherol, and 2.0 for liver α-tocopherol. Overall, this study indicates that the relative bioavailability for D-α-tocopheryl acetate relative to DL-α-tocopheryl acetate varies depending on the response criteria but is greater than the standard potency value of 1.36. Increasing sow gestation feeding level by 0.9 kg from d 90 of gestation through farrowing reduced (P = 0.001) daily lactation feed intake in gilts, but also resulted in improved conception rate in gilts, whereas increasing late gestation feeding level decreased conception rate in sows (interaction; P = 0.03). Increasing late gestation feed intake in gilts also increased (P < 0.02) pig weaning weights during the second parity. Increasing late gestation feeding levels did not improve performance of older sows. Adding L-carnitine and chromium from chromium picolinate to sow gestation and lactation diets reduced (P = 0.01) the amount of sow weight loss during lactation, however, did not improve (P > 0.05) litter size, pig birth weight, or the variation in pig birth weight. Blocking pens of nursery pigs by BW in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) did not improve the estimates for σ2error compared to a completely randomized design (CRD) where all pens were allotted to have similar means and variations of body weight. Therefore, the added degrees of freedom for the error term in the CRD allowed more power to detect treatment differences for the CRD compared to the RCBD.
Croft, Martin Tom. "Vitamin B₁₂ in algae." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284053.
Full textKovalev, A., S. Vavryn, G. Gley, M. Hmyrya, O. Dudar, M. Kuibida, Y. Byts, R. Mamedzadeh, O. Linnik, and A. Linnik. "VITAMIN E AND CATARACT." Thesis, Мегапринт, 2013. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/10099.
Full textKe, Liang. "Hypertension and Vitamin D." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14220.
Full textClark, W. Andrew. "Falls and Vitamin D." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2526.
Full textClark, W. Andrew. "Falls and Vitamin D." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2528.
Full textOliveira, Karla Cristina Lima da Silva. "Caracterização do pólen apícola e utilização de vitaminas anti-oxidantes como indicadoras do processo de desidratação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-30112017-105042/.
Full textBee-collected pollen (bee pollen) is highly consumed around the world due its nutritive and therapeutic value. It contains proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals and vitamins of complex B, vitamin C, D, E and totals carotenoids. However there are few literature data correlating nutritional composition with botanical origin and thermal process. The aim of this study was to quantify vitamins C, E and beta-carotene (provitamin A) in fresh and processed samples of bee pollen, correlating them with botanical origin. In addition, to evaluate the effect of drying process in the vitamin content. Ten samples of fresh bee pollen were collected, five in April and five in October of 2005. Samples of fresh bee pollen were dried by conventional method (drying at 42° C) and by an alternative method (drying at 30-35° C). The fresh bee pollen and the processed ones were assayed regarding their vitamin contents (n=30). Vitamin C was quantified by potentiometric titration, vitamin E by HPLC-normal phase and beta-carotene by open column chromatography. The date from botanical characterization of the bee pollen were obtained and correlated to the vitamins content. Vitamin content in fresh samples varied between 13,5 and 42,5 µg/g for vitamin E; 56,3 and 198,9 (µg/g) for β-carotene and 273,9 and 560,3 µg/g for vitamin C. The alternative drying method was more efficient that conventional one in retaining the vitamins. It was also concluded that the botanical origin and collecting season influenced the vitamin contents. Being important factor to predict if bee pollen was source or not of each vitamin.
Melo, Illana Louise Pereira de. "Estabilidade das vitaminas antioxidantes em amostras de pólen apícola." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-19092017-130541/.
Full textBee pollen contains high percentages of nutrients and it can be used as a nutritional supplement for human feeding. The aim of this work was to evaluate the stability the antioxidant vitamins (vitamin C, E and β-carotene) in bee pollen during one year of storage. Six batches of fresh and dried bee pollen pellets were acquired in 2007 March and April from bee products warehouses. The three vitamins were quantified and then stored under three forms in packages supplied by the producer: in room temperature, in room temperature protected from light and frozen. Vitamin C was quantified by potentiometric titration. The open column chromatography was used for β-carotene analyses in the zero time and the high performance liquid chromatography after 6 and 12 months storage. This last one was used for the vitamin E analyses. The centesimal composition and botanical characterization of the bee pollen were obtained. Vitamin content in fresh samples varied between 14±0.25 and 119±1.96µg/g for vitamin C; 19.43±1.70 and 45.00±3.61µg/g for vitamin E and 3.77±0.10 and 99.27±2.45µg/g for β-carotene. After the drying process a significant alteration 67.1 % for more in the vitamin C (p<0.05), a losses of 18.7% for vitamin E and 15.6% for β-carotene were observed. The provitamin A value was between 0.26 and 6.48µg/g. The proximal composition of the samples studied presented results which were ali accordance to the specifications established for the Brazilian regulation (Normative Instruction N° 3, 19/01/2001). A great variability of the pollen types was found in the samples and some of them were strongly correlated with the vitamin C (Myrtaceae), β-carotene (Arecaceae, Cecropia and Fabaceae) and lipids (Arecaceae and Fabaceae). Other ones were negatively correlated, such as Mimosa caesalpineafolia and Poaceae types with β-carotene, Arecaceae type with proteins and Mimosa caesalpineafolia type with lipids. Storage in freezer was more efficient to keep the vitamins and the losses at room temperature storage when exposed to light and in the dark were similar. Vitamin E was more preserved during the storage when compared to vitamin C and β-carotene. However, only vitamin C presented significant statistical losses (p<0.05) in ali of the studied conditions when compared to its initial content.
Camacho, Barcia María Lucía. "Vitamin K & healthy ageing." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670246.
Full textLa transición demográfica hacia una sociedad más envejecida se ha convertido en un desafío para la economía social global, especialmente para los sistemas públicos de salud. Evidencia que soporte diferentes promotores de salud en condiciones relacionadas con la edad son necesarias para mejorar la calidad de vida hacia un proceso de envejecimiento más saludable. Se ha sugerido previamente que la vitamina K podría desempeñar un papel modulador en el proceso de envejecimiento y los mecanismos relacionados con la edad, como el estrés oxidativo, la inflamación y la resistencia a la insulina. Sin embargo, la evidencia actual sobre la asociación del consumo de vitamina K y el riesgo de enfermedades asociadas al envejecimiento es aún escasa. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue evaluar la asociación entre la ingesta dietética de vitamina K1 y el riesgo de cataratas, nefropatía y retinopatía diabética, el deterioro de la función cognitiva y la demencia. El presente trabajo se realizó en el marco de los estudios PREDIMED y PREDIMED-plus, ambos grandes ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, multicéntricos, paralelos realizados en poblaciones Mediterráneas de edad avanzada con alto riesgo cardiovascular. Los resultados derivados del presente trabajo mostraron asociaciones positivas significativas entre el consumo dietético de vitamina K1 y el riesgo de cataratas, nefropatía diabética y demencia. Asimismo, un incremento en el consumo de vitamina K1 se asoció con un mejor desempeño en los scores de función cognitiva. La conclusión principal derivada de esta Tesis Doctoral es que, en comparación con una ingesta baja, un alto consumo dietético de vitamina K1 se asocia con un envejecimiento saludable al disminuir el riesgo de diferentes patologías asociadas al envejecimiento en una población Mediterránea de edad avanzada con alto riesgo cardiovascular.
The demographic transition headed for an older society is becoming a challenge for the global social economy, especially for the public health care systems. Evidence, supporting different promoters of health on age-related conditions is necessary in order to improve the quality of life towards a heathier ageing process. Vitamin K has been suggested to play a modulatory role in ageing and age-related mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance. However, the current evidence regarding vitamin K’s association with the risk of age-related diseases is still scarce. The main objective of this work was to evaluate, the association between the dietary vitamin K1 intake and the risk of cataracts, diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy, cognitive function decline and dementia. The present work was conducted in the framework of the PREDIMED and the PREDIMED-plus studies, both large multicentre, parallel, randomized clinical trials carried out on elderly Mediterranean populations at high cardiovascular risk. Results derived from the present work showed significant positive associations between dietary vitamin K1 intake and the risk of cataracts, diabetic nephropathy and dementia. Likewise, an increment in the consumption of vitamin K1 was associated with better performance in cognitive functioning scores. The main conclusion derived from this Doctoral Thesis is that compared to a low intake, a high dietary vitamin K1 intake is associated with healthy ageing through decreasing the risk of different age-related diseases among an elderly Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk.
Nascimento, Rômulo Malta. "Avaliação sazonal de Carotenóides provitamina A (alfa- e beta caroteno) e vitamina E ( alfa- tocoferol) em macroalgas marinhas pertencentes ao gênero Cryptonemia." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18549.
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The objective of this research project was to investigate the existence of seasonal variation of both provitamin A carotenoids ( and carotene) and vitamin E ( and tocopherol) in two species of red marine macroalgae, Cryptonemia luxurians and C. crenulata. The alga samples were collected monthly from January to December of 2007, during the low tides of Pacheco Beach, Caucaia, Ceará. The alga samples were dehydrated at 40°C for 15 h. The dried alga material was crushed into a fine powder and then submitted into the procedures of extraction with methanol, saponification with potassium hydroxide and partition with n-hexane. For simultaneous analyses of carotenoids and tocopherols the HPLC system consisted of a Waters Spherisorb-Hichrom S5 ODS-2 (4.6 x 250 mm) column and a mobile phase of MeOH: THF (95:5, v/v), delivered at 1.5 mL min -1 , with detection at 450 nm and 292 nm, respectively. In both species belonging to the genre Cryptonemia were detected and carotene throughout all the sampling months. In general, both species contained larger concentrations of carotene than carotene. Despite the macroalgae analyzed belonged to the same genre, it was possible to verify a variation in the concentrations of provitamin A carotenoids throughout the year. C. luxurians was elected as a better source of vitamin A than C. crenulata. Among the isomers of vitamin E, tocopherol showed the higher concentrations. C. luxurians showed the highest levels of both tocopherols. According to these results, C. luxurians and C. crenulata oven-dried at 40°C for 15 h are possibly better sources of vitamin E than vitamin A. To verify the seasonal behavior of the concentrations of provitamin A carotenoids and vitamin E, grouping analysis was utilized. Based upon the results of this analysis it was established that tocopherol concentrations showed a more substantiated variation in the macroalgae within the seasons of the year as well as among the two species. On the other hand, the provitamin A carotenoids, exhibited more stable concentrations considering the species and the seasons. Nevertheless, only with subsequent studies it will be possible to determine the factors and its influence on the variation of provitamin A carotenoids and vitamin E contents of the analyzed species.
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar a existência de variação sazonal nos conteúdos de carotenóides provitamina A ( e caroteno) e vitamina E ( e tocoferol) em duas espécies de macroalgas marinhas vermelhas, Cryptonemia luxurians e C. crenulata. As algas foram coletadas mensalmente de janeiro a dezembro de 2007, durante as marés baixas na Praia do Pacheco, Caucaia, Ceará. Em laboratório as algas foram desidratadas em estufa a 40°C por 15 horas. O material desidratado foi triturado até a obtenção de um pó fino e, em seguida, submetido aos procedimentos de extração com metanol, saponificação com hidróxido de potássio e partição em n-hexano. Para a análise simultânea de carotenóides e tocoferóis, por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, uma coluna Waters Spherisorb-Hichrom S5 ODS-2 (4,6 x 250 mm) e fase móvel de MeOH: THF (95:5, v/v), com fluxo de 1,5 mL min -1 foram utilizadas, com detecção em 450 nm e 292 nm, respectivamente. Em ambas as espécies pertencentes ao gênero Cryptonemia foram detectados e caroteno ao longo dos meses de coleta. De uma maneira geral, as duas espécies apresentaram maiores teores de caroteno que caroteno. Apesar de as macroalgas analisadas pertencerem ao mesmo gênero, foi possível verificar uma variação nos teores de carotenóides provitamina A ao longo do ano entre as espécies. C. luxurians pode ser eleita como melhor fonte de vitamina A que C. crenulata. Dentre os isômeros da vitamina E, tocoferol apresentou as maiores concentrações. C. luxurians exibiu os maiores teores de ambos os tocoferóis. De acordo com os resultados obtidos no presente estudo, as macroalgas marinhas C. luxurians e C. crenulata desidratadas em estufa a 40°C por 15 horas possivelmente são melhores fontes de vitamina E do que de vitamina A. Para avaliar o comportamento sazonal dos teores de e caroteno e e tocoferol, foi utilizada a análise de agrupamentos. A partir dessa análise constatou-se que os teores de tocoferóis apresentaram variação mais proeminente, tanto entre as estações do ano como entre as espécies, quando comparados com os carotenóides provitamina A, os quais demonstraram maior estabilidade nos teores por espécie e por estação do ano. Entretanto, somente a partir de estudos posteriores será possível determinar quais fatores e sua influência na variação dos teores de carotenóides provitamina A e vitamina E das espécies analisadas.
Möbius, Katharina. "Der Einfluss von Vitamin C und Vitamin E auf die Nebennierenrindenfunktion beim Meerschweinchen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1997. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/1998/70/index.html.
Full textMartin, Christina. "Osteoporose-Prävention mit 1-α-Hydroxy-Vitamin D3 und 1,25-Dihydroxy-Vitamin D3." Diss., lmu, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-11076.
Full textMark, Sean. "Vitamin D status and recommendations to improve vitamin D status in Canadian youth." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92287.
Full textTo describe vitamin D status, we used data from a cross-sectional survey representative of Québec youth aged 9, 13 and 16, the Québec Child and Adolescent Health and Social Survey (QCAHS). For the second objective, 159 youth, aged 8-11 whose parents (at least one) were obese or had the metabolic syndrome were used for cross-sectional analysis in the Québec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth (QUALITY). Fat mass was measured using Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and physical activity was assessed by accelerometer. Finally, we analyzed data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), a sample of 8960, 9-18-year-olds representative of Canadian youth for whom a single 24 hour dietary recall, measured height and weight, sociodemographic and information on food insecurity were available.
Greater than 90% of youth had sub-optimal vitamin D levels {plasma 25(OH)D < 75 nmol} at the end of winter and beginning of spring in both the QUALITY and QCAHS study. In the QCAHS study, older youth had a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency {25(OH)D < 27.5 nmol} (> 10%) than younger youth and girls from low income households had lower plasma 25(OH)D concentrations. In the QUALITY study, milk consumption and physical activity had modest associations with plasma 25(OH)D corresponding to 2.9 nmol/L and 2.1 nmol/L higher plasma 25(OH)D per standard deviation increase in these exposures, respectively. In the CCHS study, we found evidence that milk intake was being displaced by sweetened beverages amongst low income boys and food insecure girls.
Population wide measures to increase dietary vitamin D intake should be examined in Canadian youth.
Il y a peu de connaisances concernant le statut vitamin D des jeunes Canadiens. Nos objectifs étaient de: (i) décrire le statut vitamin D des jeunes Québécois en utilisant un échantillon représentatif; (ii) examiner la contribution de la diète, l'activité physique et l'adiposité a expliquer la variance du 25-hydroxyvitamin D, {25(OH)D.}, le meilleur biomarqueur du statut vitamine D; et (iii) examiner l'influence du statut socio-économique et l'insécurité alimentaire sur le consommation des produits laitiers, du calcium et de la vitamine D alimentaire.
Pour décrire le statut vitamine D on a utilisé les données transversales d'un échantillon représentatif des jeunes Québecois agés de 9, 13 et 16 ans. Pour le deuxième objectif, 159 jeunes, âgés 8-11 ans avec des parents (au moins un) qui étaient obèses ou avaient le syndrome métabolique etaient utilisés pour une analyse transversale dans l'étude Québec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth (QUALITY). Le tissu adipeux a été mesuré avec le dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) et l'activité physique était mésurer par accéléromètre. Finalement, on a utilisé des données du Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), un échantillon de 8960 jeunes, agés de 9-18 ans qui avaient un rappel alimentaire de 24 heures, le poids et la taille mesuré, l'information sociodémograhique et le statut de sécurité alimentaire.
Dans l'étude QUALITY et le QCAHS plus de 90% des jeunes avaient un statut de vitamine D sub-optimal {plasma 25(OH)D < 75 nmol} à la fin de l'hiver et au début du printemps. Dans l'étude QCAHS, les adolescents avaient une prévalence de déficience de vitamine D élevé {25(OH)D < 27.5 nmol} (> 10%) et les filles venant des foyers défavorisés avait des niveaux de vitamine D plus bas. Dans l'étude QUALITY, un augmentation d'un écart-type de la consommation du lait et l'activité physique était associée avec une augmentation du niveau de vitamin D de 2.9 nmol/L and 2.1 nmol/L respectivement. Dans l'étude CCHS nous avons remarqué que les garçons de milieux défavorisés et les filles avec une insécurité alimentaire consommaient moins de lait et le lait étaitremplacé par les breuvages sucrés.
Des mesures pour augmenter la consommation de vitamine D parmi les jeunes Canadiens devraient être examinées.
Gonçalves, Ana Lia Ferraz Niero [UNESP]. "Níveis séricos de vitamina A em crianças de 6-71 meses de idade em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde no município de Botucatu - SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96111.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar os níveis séricos de vitamina A e sua proteína ligadora (RBP) em crianças de 6 – 71 meses de idade, matriculadas em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, situada na periferia do município de Botucatu, SP. Para isso, se determinou os níveis de retinol sérico em 202 crianças pelo método espectofotométrico e a RBP pelo método de nefelometria. Os resultados foram analisados em dois grupos etários, G1 constituído pelas crianças entre 6 a 23 meses de idade e G2 pelas crianças entre 24-71meses de idade. A mediana dos níveis séricos de retinol foi de 31,1μg/dl para o grupo total, de 27,2μg/dl e 32,0μg/dl para os grupos etários G1 e G2 respectivamente, sendo essa diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,05). A mediana dos níveis séricos da RBP foi de 2,7mg/dl para o grupo total e 3,0mg/dl, 2,6mg/dl, para os grupos etários G1 e G2 respectivamente, sendo essa diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,05). A prevalência de hipovitaminose A em nível bioquímico (retinol < 20μg/dl) foi de 15,3% para o grupo total, de 25,9% e 11,1% para os grupos etários G1 e G2 respectivamente. Não houve associação estatisticamente significante entre o estado nutricional de vitamina A e as variáveis sexo, número de pessoas na família, constituição familiar, idade materna, escolaridade materna e uso de suplementos vitamínicos nos dois grupos etários, com exceção da renda familiar per capita no grupo etário G2. O estudo demonstrou a existência de deficiência subclínica de vitamina A nestas crianças, chamando atenção para a vulnerabilidade do grupo etário de 6 – 23 meses de idade, revelando a importância de estudos mais detalhados em crianças menores de 24 meses, bem como, a separação de grupos etários quando se estuda fatores de risco...
The present study aimed at determining the serum levels of vitamin A and its binding protein (RBP) in children aging 6 to 71 months, enrolled in a Health Basic Unit located in the periphery of Botucatu city, SP. For this, the serum retinol levels were determined in 202 children through the spectrophotometric method, and the RBP through the nephelometry method. The results were analyzed in two groups of age, G1 made up by children aging 6 to 23 months, and G2 by children aging 24 to 71 months. The retinol serum levels median was 31,1μg/dl for the total group, 27,2μg/dl and 32,0μg/dl for G1 and G2, respectively, being such difference statistically significant (p<0,05). The RBP serum levels median was 2,7mg/dl for the total group, and 3,0mg/dl, 2,6mg/dl for G1 and G2, respectively, being such difference statistically significant (p<0.05). The prevalence of hypovitaminosis A at biochemical level (retinol <20μg/dl) was 15,3% for the total group, 25,9% and 11,1% for G1 and G2, respectively. There was no statisticallly significant association between vitamin A nutritional status and the variables sex, number of family members, familiar constitution, mother’s age, mother’s schooling and use of vitaminic supplements in both groups of age, except of family income per capita... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
FAPESP: 97/02002-6
Tuma, Maria Angela Figueiredo. "Avaliação do consumo de vitamina A por gestantes assistidas em Centro de Saúde de Catanduva-SP /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88669.
Full textResumo: Este estudo avaliou a ingestão da vitamina A em gestantes que realizavam acompanhamento pré-natal em centro de Saúde de Catanduva, SP a adequação utilizou os critérios propostos pela DRI (Dietary Reference Intakes) de vitamina A, de acordo com as recomendações para EAR (estimated average requirement) de 550µg ER e da UL (tolerable upper intake level) de 3000µg ER. Foram estudadas setenta e duas gestantes, com idade entre 19 e 37 anos, em diferentes estágios da gestação. Para avaliação da ingestão dos alimentos fontes foi utilizado o inquérito dietético simplificado proposto pelo IVACG (International Vitamin A Consultative Group), já validado. O consumo de alimentos fortificados, de suplementos vitaminicos com vitamina A e os possíveis tabus e aversões alimentares atribuidos aos alimentos fontes de vitamina A também foram avaliados, utilizando-se questionários específicos...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre
Scott, Karen Christine. "The effect of processing on the vitamin D?, vitamin E, pre-vitamin D?, and pro-vitamin D? content of menhaden fish meal, and on the lipid-soluble vitamin content of menhaden fish oil : and the selenium content of various tissues... /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487675687176151.
Full textLOPEZ, ANAYA ARTURO. "ABSORPTION AND DISPOSITION KINETICS OF RIBOFLAVIN AND ASCORBIC ACID IN HUMANS AS A FUNCTION OF AGE." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184078.
Full textPaubelle, Etienne. "Thérapies des leucémies aiguës myéloblastiques au travers du ciblage du récepteur à la vitamine D : une perspective pour l’éradication des cellules souches leucémiques ?" Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T098.
Full textAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies representing approximately 70% of acute leukemias. There is a proliferation of immature cells belonging to the myeloid lineage commonly called myeloblasts or blasts. Current treatments are mainly based on antimitotic chemotherapy. Iron homeostasis is a target for the treatment of AML blasts inducing cell differentiation. The mechanism involves the modulation of ROS. Their action is synergistic with that of Vitamin D (VD) through the activation of MAPK. This association has been used successfully in several patients for a doubling of life expectancy. Then, we show that Vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression was impaired in undifferentiated/immature AML subtypes and that decreased expression of VDR and VDR-targeted genes was correlated with a negative prognosis of patients. Molecular mechanism resulting in the blockade of VDR expression involved VDR promoter methylation. VDR-deficient mice showed an expansion of the hematopoietic stem cell compartment which presented an improved quiescent status and decreased ROS levels that have been shown to be involved in both AML differentiation and stem cells longevity. Moreover, malignant transformation of VDR-deficient cells resulted in limited myeloid differentiation, increased numbers of early hematopoietic progenitors and those cells presented an enhanced self-renewal potential and were resistant to DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and to chemotherapy. Finally, induction of VDR expression in AML models by combined treatment of demethylating agents and VDR agonists decreased stemness, promoted cell differentiation, blocked tumor propagation and restored sensitivity to chemotherapy. Therefore, we propose that VDR is a master gene controlling stemness and proliferation/cell differentiation of normal hematopoietic stem cells and leukemic cells. Thus, combination of demethylation agents and VDR agonists may be used therapeutically to treat AML
Oliveira, Celina Rodrigues de. "Crystallization of vitamin D3 in continuous flow." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/21298.
Full textA vitamina D3 é um micronutriente essencial para o metabolismo do cálcio, sendo esta maioritariamente sintetizada na pele do ser humano, quando exposta a radiação UVB. Contudo, inúmeros factores têm vindo a reduzir a nossa exposição à luz solar, diminuindo assim os níveis de vitamina D3 no corpo humano a nível global e aumentando a preocupação por parte de diversas instituições médicas a nível mundial. Para superar esta deficiência em vitamina, a vitamina D3 tem sido adicionada à alimentação humana através de alimentos fortificados e de suplementos alimentares. Para satisfazer a procura da população em vitamina D3, este trabalho apresenta uma unidade de cristalização com dois estágios que opera em contínuo à escala micro. O objectivo deste trabalho é projectar e optimizar esta unidade de cristalização por forma a desenvolver uma unidade de produção de cristais de vitamina D3 mais económica, mais sustentável, e com elevado rendimento de cristais aproriados para aplicações farmacêuticas. O primiero estágio da unidade de cristalização projetada corresponde a uma coluna de vidro onde a nucleação é intensificada através de cristalização por evaporação e por adição de anti-solvente. Este cristalizador opera a 40 ºC e o caudal volumétrico é controlado manualmente. O segundo estágio é um cristalizador tubular onde a cristalização ocorre por redução da temperatura para promover o crescimento dos núcleos produzidos no estágio anterior. Esta é operada a 7 ºC e em 59 s de tempo de residência. Após o segundo estágio, um filtro está integrado no sistema para recolher os cristais de vitamina D3 sintetizados. Este trabalho está dividido em duas partes. A primeira abrange a optimização da unidade de cristalização, a qual foi conseguida estudando o efeito da razão volúmica entre o anti-solvente e o solvente no desempenho da cristalização. O melhor resultado foi obtido para a proporção volúmica de 3, a qual permitiu alcançar 52 % de rendimento absoluto e 60 % de eficiência de filtração. Adicionalmente, por forma a melhorar o rendimento e a eficiência de filtração, ensaios experimentais foram realizados onde a corrente de permeado (da filtração) foi reciclada. Porém, as melhorias esperadas não se verificaram, o que significa que ensaios experimentais adicionais são necessários para sustentar uma conclusão sólida relativamente ao efeito do reciclo no processo em estudo. A reprodutibilidade do processo desenvolvido e optimizado também necessita ser melhorada. A segunda parte corresponde à caracterização dos cristais de vitamina D3 produzidos durante os ensaios de optimização. Os cristais apresentam uma forma prismática e aglomeração significativa. A distribuição de tamanhos dos cristais é ampla, extendendo-se desde, aproximadamente, 0.25 μm a quase 500 μm. Adicionalmente, a estrutura dos cristais produzidos não corresponde à estrutura termodinamicamente mais estável. Excluindo o seu hábito, as características dos cristais produzidos não são adequadas para aplicações na indústria farmacêutica. No entanto, sugestões são apresentadas para melhorar ambas as características dos cristais e a optimização do processo.
Vitamin D3 is an essential micronutrient for calcium metabolism, which is mainly synthesized in the skin of the human organism when irradiated with UVB light. However, a variety of factors have been reducing our exposition to sunlight, and thus the levels of vitamin D3 in the body have been decreasing, rising the concern of numerous medical institutions worldwide. To overcome such vitamin deficiency, the vitamin D3 has been added to the diet through fortified food and dietary supplements. To address the population demands on vitamin D3, this project presents a two-stage crystallization unit that operates continuously at a microscale. The aim of this project is to design and optimize this crystallization unit in order to develop an economical and sustainable high yield production unit of vitamin D3 crystals suitable for subsequent pharmaceutical applications. The first stage of the designed crystallization unit corresponds to a glass column where nucleation is enhanced by evaporation and anti-solvent crystallization. This crystallizer operates at 40 ºC and the volumetric flow rate is manipulated manually. The second stage is a tubular crystallizer where a cooling crystallization takes place to further grow the nuclei generated in the previous step; it is carried out at 7 ºC and 59 s of residence time. At the end of the second stage, a filter is placed to collect the synthesized vitamin D3 crystals. This work is divided in two main parts. The first part comprehends the optimization of the crystallization unit, which was accomplished by studying the influence of the anti-solvent/solvent volumes ratio on the performance of the crystallization. The best results were obtained for the volume ratio of 3, where 52 % of absolute yield was achieved as well as 60 % of filter efficiency. Furthermore, other experiments were performed where the permeate stream (of the filtration) was recycled to improve both yield and filter efficiency. However, such expected improvements were not confirmed, which means that additional experiments are needed to support any reliable conclusion regarding the effect of recycling on the process. The reproducibility of the crystallization process developed and optimized needs to be improved as well. The second part corresponds to the characterization of the crystals produced during the optimization assays. The crystals exhibit a prismatic habit and a significant degree of agglomeration. The crystal size distribution is large, extending from ca. 0.25 μm to almost 500 μm. Furthermore, the obtained solid-state form is not the thermodynamically stable one. Besides the crystal habit, the properties of the obtained crystals are not yet suitable for a pharmaceutical application. Nonetheless, suggestions of improvement are presented for both crystals characterization and optimization of the crystallization process.
Kaio, Daniella Junko Itinoseki. "Concentrações séricas das vitaminas A e E, e beta-caroteno em adultos com HIV/Aids em terapia antirretroviral de alta potência." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-11112010-171318/.
Full textIntroduction Deficiency of vitamins found in individuals with HIV/AIDS on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been associated with an increased risk of disease progression and mortality. Objective To show the distribution of serum concentrations of vitamins A and E and beta-carotene in adults with HIV/AIDS, and to study the association of their concentrations, according to different regimens of HAART. Methods We selected 182 men and women aged 20-59 years with HIV/AIDS on stable HAART for at least six months and with levels of CD4+ T-lymphocytes 200 cells/mm3. Individuals were divided into three groups according to the HAART regimen used: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) combined with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI); NRTI combined with protease inhibitors (PI); NRTI combined with other classes (fusion inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, entry inhibitors, and PI associated with these medications). Determinations of vitamins A and E and beta-carotene were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Socio-demographic and economic variables, lifestyle, disease history, medication use, and anthropometric and laboratory variables were assessed. Multiple regression analyses were used to measure the effects of the explanatory variables (treatment regimens, duration and adherence to the last treatment regimen) on each response variable (retinol, alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene). Sex, age, education, smoking, physical activity, duration of HIV infection, comorbidity, waist-to-hip ratio and levels of CD4+ T-lymphocytes and cholesterol were used as control variables. Results Deficient and low concentrations of vitamin A (<0,70Nmol/L) and E (16,2Nmol/L), and betacarotene (<0,13Nmol/L) were 3,83 per cent, 18,68 per cent and 23,62 per cent, respectively. Lower concentrations of vitamin E (p= 0,037) were observed in individuals using NRTI combined with the most recent classes of antiretrovirals. Individuals who had higher measurements of waist-to-hip ratio presented higher concentrations of retinol (p= 0,012) and lower concentrations of betacarotene (p=0,036). We also observed positive small statistically significant associations between mean concentrations of retinol, alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene with cholesterol levels. Conclusion The results suggest that changes in the concentrations of vitamins A and E and beta-carotene may be related to multiple different factors, including antiretroviral therapy regimens
Schuch, Natielen Jacques. "Relação entre as concentrações séricas da vitamina D, polimorfismos do gene do VDR e síndrome metabólica em adultos e idosos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-20012012-093621/.
Full textIntroduction - The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in many tissues and when it is in its activated form modulates the expression of several genes. These include changes in circulating levels of 1,25(OH)2D3, variations in bone mineral density, sensitivity and secretion of insulin in response to glucose, susceptibility to type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Currently, evidences have suggested the involvement of vitamin D with the metabolic syndrome. Objective - To investigate the serum concentrations of vitamin D and its relationship with metabolic syndrome (MS) and to evaluate the potential association between these factors with the presence of polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor gene in individuals adults. Methods - This is a cross-sectional study, which evaluated 243 adults and elderly. We collected blood samples for measurements of 25(OH)D3, iPTH, biochemical tests related to MS, and anthropometric evaluation (weight, height, BMI) were also assessed. MS was classified using the criteria proposed by the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). Insulin resistance and cell secretion were estimated by calculating HOMA IR and HOMA , respectively. The 25(OH)D3 was measured by HPLC and insufficiency was determined by the Roc curve cut-off (52.6 nmol/L). Intact PTH and serum calcium were also evaluated. The BsmI and FokI polymorphisms were detected by enzymatic digestion with specific enzymes and confirmed by allele specific PCR (ASPCR) or amplification of refractory mutation (ARM) in individuals with or without MS (52 per cent vs. 48 per cent , respectively). Statistical analyses include construction of Roc curves, Student T test, correlation tests, Hardy-Weinberg test, ANOVA, binary logistic regression (odds ratio), and TwoStep Cluster. These analyses were conducted with SPSS for Windows, version 18 and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results - The mean age of participants was 51(15) years, mean BMI was 29(6) kg/m2, and 48 per cent of individuals presented MS. As expected, subjects with MS showed higher values of age (57(12) years), BMI was 32(6) kg/m2, waist circumference was 103(13) cm, systolic blood pressure was 138(17) mmHg, diastolic was 83(10) mmHg, fasting glucose was 98(12) mg/dl, triglycerides was 165(76) mg/dl, HOMA-IR was 2.2(1.7), HOMA was 116(95), and lower levels of HDL cholesterol was observed (41 mg/dl(11)). With respect to serum 25(OH)D3 proposed by ROC curve analysis, 43 per cent of individuals with MS and 57 per cent of individuals without MS presented insufficiency of this vitamin. Correlations between 25(OH)D3, iPTH (r = -0,153, p = 0.005), and waist circumference (r = -0,106, p = 0.05) were observed in all participants. Considering the VDR gene polymorphisms, in patients with MetSyn, there is no association among BsmI polymorphism and components of MetSyn, HOMA IR and , 25(OH)D3, and PTH. However, subjects without MetSyn, but with homozygosis for BsmI polymorphism (recessive bb genotype), presented lower levels of 25(OH)D3 than those with normal BB genotype. In addition, individuals with MetSyn and heterozygosis for FokI polymorphism (Ff genotype) have higher concentrations of PTH and HOMA than those with normal FF genotype. In this same group, subjects with the recessive ff genotype have higher insulin resistance than those with Ff genotype. On the other hand, patients without MetSyn, but carrying the Ff genotype, have higher concentration of triglycerides and lower levels of HDL than those with FF genotype. Interestingly, the presence of one allele f in the (Ff or ff) genotype is apparently enough to increase triglycerides levels and insulin resistance, when compared to the normal FF genotype. Conclusion - The results show that FokI polymorphism in the VDR gene is associated to insulin resistance and higher concentrations of PTH in patients with MetSyn. Moreover, BsmI polymorphism is related to a lower concentration of 25(OH)D3 in individuals without MetSyn. Therefore, the results indicated that VDR gene polymorphisms are associated to different phenotypes of MetSyn components
Deminice, Thalia Manfrin Martins. "Impacto da suplementação materna de vitamina A durante o puerpério no binômio mãe-filho: ensaio clínico aleatorizado duplo-cego placebo-controlado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17144/tde-28072016-093108/.
Full textBackground: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a severe public health problem in many regions of the world, affecting mainly the mother-infant group and increasing the morbimortality in childhood. The maternal supplementation can be an effective strategy to combat this problem. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of maternal vitamin A supplementation on serum and breast milk retinol concentrations; to estimate the VAD prevalence; to assess the association between mother and infant and the influence of some factors involved in the genesis of VAD. Subjects and Methods: 33 lactating women received capsules with 200.000 lU of vitamin A between the 20th day and the 30th day after delivery (supplemented group) and 33 lactating women received identical capsules with soybean oil (placebo group). Maternal blood and milk samples were collected before (T0) and after (T1) the intervention (three months after delivery). Infants\' blood was collected at three months old. Retinol was determined by HPLC method. Levels lower than 0.70 \'mü\'mol/l in serum and 1.05 \'mü\'mol/l in milk indicated V AD. Weight and height measurements were collected and socio-demographic and clinical data were obtained through interview. Results: 61 mother-infant pairs concluded the study. In supplemented mothers, the serum retinol concentration increased from 1.05 \'+ OU -\' 0.31 \'mü\'mol/l at T0 to 1.17 \'+ OU -\' 0.34 \'mü\'mol/1 at T1 (p=0.026), showing statistically significant difference in relation to placebo group, whose mean was 1.02 \'+ OU -\' 0.28 \'\"mü\'mol/l (p=0.032). In breast milk, there was significant reduction of retinol concentration only in the group that did not received the vitamin (1.98 \'+ OU -\' 0.78 \'mü\'mol/l at T0 and 1.34 \'+ OU -\' 0.89 \'mü\'mol/l at T1, p=0.003). In infants, there was not statistically difference in retinol means between groups (0.64 \'+ OU -\' 0.30 \'mü\'mol/l and 0.69 \'+ OU -\' 0.26 \'mü\'mol/l). Regarding serum maternal VAD, it was found 6.7% (T0) and 16.7% (T1) in placebo group and 6.5% (T0) and 3.2% (T1) in supplemented group. Breast milk VAD was found in 7.4% (T0) and 55.6% (T1) of the placebo and 22.6% (T0) and 16.1% (T1) of the supplemented group samples. The VAD was present in 66% of infants (69% in the placebo and 63.3% in the supplemented group). Only one lactating mother had malnutrition and one infant presented nutritional risk. Maternal VAD was associated to breast milk VAD (p=0.015) and maternal serum retinol was positively correlated to breast milk retinol (r = 0.28; P = 0.032). There was no influence of variables parity, education, income, use of multivitamin, fever and diarrhea on both infants and mothers retinol. The maternal serum retinol did not change with BMI, but the age of the lactating women was positively correlated to retinol (r = 0.29; P = 0.024). Conclusions: The maternal supplementation with 200.000 lU of vitamin A showed positive impact on maternal serum and milk retinol concentration, but it did not reach the infant. Although the study population was considered healthy in almost its entirety, high prevalence of VAD was found, mainly in infants from three months old, leading us to question the cut-off point used for this age group
Skott, Friederike. "Liposomen und Nanoemulsionen als Carrier für die Retinoide Vitamin A und Vitamin A-Säure /." Zürich, 1995. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=11183.
Full textDivya, Jagasia, and Ferrando Vanesa Zanzi. "Tempeh: a tempting potential vitamin B12 treat : An exploration of legumes and vitamin B12." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kostvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-255419.
Full textBruno, Richard S. "The role of oxidative stress and vitamin C on vitamin E utilization in humans." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1085146668.
Full textTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv,148 pages; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-136). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
Mak, Jenson Chun Sum. "Vitamin D replenishment and vitamin D status in functional outcomes following hip fracture surgery." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13825.
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