Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vitamin E – Therapeutic use'
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1
Potter, Kathleen. "The effects of long-term homocysteine-lowering treatment with folic acid, vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12 on vascular structure and function in stroke." University of Western Australia. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0020.
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[Truncated abstract] An elevated total plasma homocysteine concentration (tHcy) is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 supplements significantly reduce tHcy even in people who are not overtly vitamin deficient. If homocysteine is a causal risk factor for atherothrombotic events, treatment with B-vitamins might prove a simple and cost-effective means to reduce cardiovascular risk. However, it remains unclear whether elevated tHcy causes atherosclerosis or is simply a risk marker. To prove that homocysteine is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease it is necessary to show that lowering tHcy reduces vascular risk. The aim of this study was to determine whether long-term homocysteine-lowering with B-vitamins would improve vascular structure and function in people with a history of stroke. This study was a cross-sectional sub-study of the Vitamins TO Prevent Stroke trial (VITATOPS), a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial designed to test the efficacy and safety of B-vitamins (folic acid 2mg, vitamin B6 25mg and vitamin B12 0.5mg) in the prevention of vascular events in patients with a recent history of stroke or transient ischemic attack. 173 VITATOPS participants were recruited for the current study. Age, sex, stroke type, medications, cardiovascular risk factors and smoking history were recorded and blood pressure, height, weight, waist and hip girth were measured in all subjects at least two years after randomisation. ... After a mean treatment period of 3.9 ± 0.9 years, the subjects randomised to vitamin treatment had significantly lower tHcy than the subjects randomised to placebo (7.9mol/L, 95%CI 7.5, 8.4 versus 11.8mol/L, 95%CI 10.9, 12.8; p<0.001). There were no significant differences between groups in CIMT (0.84 ± 0.17mm vitamins versus 0.83 ± 0.18mm placebo; p=0.74) or FMD (median of 4.0%, IQR 0.9, 7.2, vitamins versus 3.0%, IQR 0.6, 6.6 placebo; p=0.48). Pooled estimates from the meta-analyses showed that B-vitamin treatment reduces CIMT by 0.10mm (95%CI 0.20, -0.01mm) and increases FMD by 1.4%, (95%CI 0.7, 2.2), although these estimates may have been influenced by positive publication bias. The improvement in FMD was significant in studies of less than eight weeks duration but not in studies with longer treatment periods. The association between tHcy and CIMT and FMD was eliminated by adjustment for renal function and long-term B-vitamin treatment did not alter the strong linear relationship between tHcy and cystatin C. Lowering tHcy did not alter arterial wall inflammation assessed by 18FDG-PET, although small subject numbers meant we were unable to exclude a minor treatment effect. Long-term homocysteine-lowering with B-vitamin treatment did not improve CIMT or FMD or reduce arterial wall inflammation in people with a history of stroke. The relationship between tHcy and these markers of vascular risk was eliminated by adjustment for renal function. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that elevated tHcy is a risk marker for cardiovascular disease rather than a modifiable causal risk factor.
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Stoll, Karin Elisabeth. "Nutrient supplementation and secondary metaolites in melanoma cells." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004110.
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Considerable interest exists with regard to the putative therapeutic role of ascorbic acid in various conditions. A condition which has received much attention is cancer, as it is reported that ascorbic acid may be a prophylactic against cancer development. However, the actual involvement of ascorbic acid, an oxidizing/reducing agent, in the development and progression of tumours is presently a subject of much speculation. This study initially addressed the effect of ascorbic acid supplementation over a nutritional concentration range (0 - 100 μg/ml) on the in vitro growth of non-malignant LLCMK and malignant B16 cells. Ascorbic acid supplementation of these two cell types resulted in an overall decrease in the growth of both types of cells. The actual inhibitory mechanism of ascorbic acid on cell growth was not clear. Further study attempted to define and explain a mechanism responsible for this effect. Ascorbic acid has a role in the maintenance of tissue integrity and host defences, thus providing a rational basis for examining its relationship to cancer. Ascorbic acid is lcnown to be essential for the structural integrity of the intercellular matrix of the cells, the latter being a complex aqueous gel containing, amongst other compounds, fats and prostaglandins. Fats and prostaglandins have diverse effects on. membrane stability, enzyme activity and secondary messengers within cells. Hence, this study investigated the effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on certain enzymes and secondary metabolites within the cells, which had the potential to be involved in the control of cell growth. Throughout this study, emphasis was placed on the Bl6 melanoma cells as ascorbic acid supplementation did not significantly affect levels of secondary metabolites within the non-malignant LLCMK cells. Ascorbic acid supplementation of the B16 cells resulted in significant increases in adenylate cyclase activity and cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, witb a significant decrease in Bl6 cell growth in that particular experiment. As cyclic adenosine monophosphate has a regulatory role in the cell cycle, this study suggested that the inhibitory effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on cell growth was mediated tbrough a final effect provided by the second messenger, cyclic adenosine monophosphate. However, clarification of tbe mechanism of tbe effect of ascorbic acid on adenylate cyclase activity was required. Hence, a further study investigated prostaglandin E₂ levels, as tbese affect adenylate cyclase activity. Prostaglandin E₂ levels were also found to be inversely related to Bl6 cell growth with ascorbic acid supplementation. It thus appeared tbat adenylate cyclase activity was dependent on prostaglandin E₂ levels in the B16 cells, and further study showed that tbis was indeed the case. Here, higher levels of prostaglandin E₂ supplementation of the Bl6 cells inhibited cell growth significantly and also significantly increased adenylate cyclase activity. Arachidonic acid is the precursor of prostaglandin E₂. In the presence of ascorbic acid supplementation, the percentage arachidonic acid composition of the Bl6 cells was inversely correlated with cell growth. Hence, prostaglandin E₂ levels in ascorbic acid supplemented B16 cells appeared dependent on tbe amount of precursor present. This was confirmed when Bl6 cells were supplemented with arachidonic acid. The latter had an inhibitory effect on Bl6 cell growth and also stimulated prostaglandin E₂ production. The cause of tbe inverse relationship between B16 cell growth and arachidonic acid composition with ascorbic acid supplementation was furtber investigated and found to be dependent on tbe uptake of arachidonic acid and other essential fatty acids from tbe medium. The enzymes phospholipase A₂ delta-5 and delta-6-desaturase, and elongase which could influence arachidonic acid levels were not affected to any extent by ascorbic acid supplementation and therefore did not influence the inverse relationship between B16 cell growth and arachidonic acid. Hence, it can be concluded that the effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on the BI6 cells is mediated, in part at least, by cyclic adenosine monophosphate. However, this is not the result of a direct effect of ascorbic acid supplementation. The initial effect of ascorbic acid supplementation concerns fatty acid - in particular arachidonic acid - uptake from the medium, with subsequent cascade effects On secondary metabolites, ultimately affecting the cellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate.
3
Clarke, Michael William. "Vitamin E metabolism in humans." University of Western Australia. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0191.
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[Truncated abstract] Vitamin E is comprised of a family of tocopherols (TOH) and tocotrienols. The most studied of these is [alpha]-tocopherol ([alpha]-TOH), as this form is retained within the body and any deficiency of vitamin E is corrected with this supplement. [alpha]-TOH is a lipid-soluble antioxidant required for the preservation of cell membranes and potentially acts as a defense against oxidative stress. Individuals who have a primary vitamin E deficiency such as low birth weight infants, secondary vitamin E deficiency due to fat malabsorption such as in abetalipoproteinaemia, or a genetic defect in TOH transport require supplementation. There is debate as to whether vitamin E supplementation in other patient groups is required. Vitamin E supplementation has been recommended for persons with FHBL, a rare disorder of lipoprotein metabolism that leads to low serum [alpha]-TOH and decreased LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations. We examined the effect of truncated apoB variants on vitamin E metabolism and oxidative stress in persons with heterozygous FHBL. We used HPLC with electrochemical detection to measure [alpha]- and [gamma]-TOH in serum, erythrocytes, and platelets, and GC-MS to measure urinary F2-isoprostanes and TOH metabolites as markers of oxidative stress and TOH intake, respectively. Erythrocyte [alpha]-TOH was decreased, but we observed no differences in lipid-adjusted serum TOHs, erythrocyte [gamma]-TOH, platelet [alpha]- or [gamma]-TOH, urinary F2-isoprostanes, or TOH metabolites. Taken together, our findings do not support the recommendation that persons with heterozygous FHBL should receive vitamin E supplementation. ... Sesame lignans are natural components of sesame seed oil and there is evidence that these lignans can inhibit CYP450 enzymes, in particular, those responsible for vitamin E metabolism. We hypothesised that sesame seed ingestion would increase serum [gamma]-TOH, lower plasma lipids and inhibit platelet function in human subjects with at least one cardiovascular risk factor. We used HPLC with electrochemical detection to measure [alpha]- and -TOH in serum and GC-MS to measure F2-isoprostanes and TOH metabolites as markers of oxidative stress and TOH intake, respectively. We used high-sensitive C-reactive protein as a measure of systemic inflammation. Platelet function was assessed using the PFA-100 platelet aggregation assay. Although serum [gamma]-TOH increased by 17%, we observed no effect on lipid metabolism, markers of inflammation, oxidative stress or platelet function following treatment with ~25 g/day sesame seeds for five weeks. Our findings challenge the hypothesis that sesame seed ingestion provides beneficial cardiovascular effects. In summary, we have studied the metabolism and transport of both [alpha]- and [gamma]-TOH in humans to evaluate the requirements for supplementation and the effects of vitamin E on platelet function and CYP3A4 activity. Specialised techniques using HPLC were developed to measure serum and cellular TOH concentrations both in supplemented and un-supplemented individuals. We also used GCMS to provide a sensitive, accurate assessment of TOH metabolites and midazolam pharmacokinetics in humans after vitamin E supplementation. We have examined the role vitamin E has on important biochemical endpoints, with emphasis on the implications for TOH supplementation in subjects at risk of CVD.
4
Finch, Sarah L. "Postnatal vitamin D supplementation normalizes neonatal bone mass following maternal dietary vitamin D deficiency in the guinea pig." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100246.
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Since vitamin D deficiency is common at birth, the objective of this study was to test if postnatal vitamin D supplementation would normalize bone mineralization. Forty guinea pigs were randomized to receive a diet with or without vitamin D3 during pregnancy. Newborn pups were randomized to receive 10 IU of vitamin D3 or a placebo daily until d28. Measurements at birth and d28 included whole body and regional bone mass, osteocalcin and deoxypyridinoline, plus biomechanical testing of excised tibias and femurs. Offspring from deficient sows had lower body weight, whole body and tibia bone mineral content (BMC) and lower osteocalcin and biomechanical integrity. By d28 this group had lower whole body bone density and femur BMC, unless supplemented. Interactions with gender showed males continued to have low 25(OH)D despite supplementation. Therefore, neonates born to sows with dietary vitamin D deficiency require supplemental vitamin D to support normal bone mineral accretion.
5
Wu, Tianshu, and 吴添舒. "A systematic review of vitamin D for prevention of acute lower respiratory infection among children." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193827.
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Objective:
Acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) is the leading cause of mortality in pediatric group all around the world. Vitamin D has been demonstrated to play a possible role in the prevention of ALRI in children because of its physiological importance in the immune system. This systematic review aims to explore the protective role of vitamin D on ALRIs among children and its preventive effectiveness by synthesizing RCTs. And the other objective is to determine dosage of vitamin D with the best effect by investigating the association of different level of vitamin D supplementation with risk of ALRIs.
Methods:
Studies were searched through three databases PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge and Cochran Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochran Library databases among publication from April2003 to April 2013 with a combination of key terms. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select studies. And then CONSORT guideline and JADAD scale were used to assess quality of these studies. Data on outcome measurements including health outcomes (e.g. incidence of pneumonia and influenza A, duration of recovery of pneumonia and bronchiolitis, the risk of relapse of pneumonia, the number of parent-reported ARIs); and surrogate outcomes (e.g. measuring scores of ATAQ test) were extracted and tabulated. The association with vitamin D level of risk of ALRIs were explored as well.
Results:
Eight RCTs were found to be relevant and adopted in this systematic review of the 796 identified articles in English or Chinese. The findings were mixed, but most studies suggested vitamin D supplementation reduced risk or illness duration of ALRIs significantly among children with different levels of vitamin D deficiency. Four studies suggested statistically significant risk reduction on incidence of repeat pneumonia (by29%, 95%CI 6% to 46%), parent-reported ARIs (by 48%, 95%CI 11% to 69), influenza A (by 42%, 95%CI 1% to 66%), and asthma exacerbation triggered by ALRIs (P= 0.029), while one study showed an insignificant outcome. For recovery events and hospitalization of ALRIs, three studies suggested statistically significant reduction on recovery time from pneumonia (P= 0.008), severe asthma (P= 0.004) and bronchiolitis (P< 0.05), and two studies suggested significant decrease on duration of hospitalization for bronchiolitis (P< 0.05) and pneumonia (P= 0.005). The increasing changes in serum 25(OH)D were consistent with the significant difference of ALRIs events between intervention and control groups.
Conclusion:
Overall, the evidence is insufficient to conclude that vitamin D supplementation is beneficial to all kinds of children in preventing or assistant treating ALRIs. More number of high quality, large scale and unbiased RCTs should be conducted to confirm the effectiveness of vitamin D among children in Hong Kong and different areas in mainland China.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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Halliwell, Celeste, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Dietary choline and vitamin/mineral supplement for recovery from early cortical injury." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2003, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/222.
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Early cortical injury has been attributed to the consequential effects of various factors, such as alcohol, drug addiction, smoking, and inadequate nutrient intakes during periods of pregnancy and lactation, or delivery of infants by forceps, and premature deliveries. These are only a few examples of circumstances, or "injury", that may result in disorders ranging from mild learning difficulties to aggressive behaviour. Injury to the cortex during the early years of development has been know to result in poor behavioural outcome into adulthood. Presently, the most common form of treatment includes a pharmacological agent, which may be accompanied with behavioral modification therapies supported by families. As an alternative form of therapy towards the treatment of early cortical injury, choline and a vitamin and mineral supplement (EM Power+) were used to determine the possibilities of nutrition intervention in an animal model. The injuries were incurred by aspiration lesion at days three, (Exp.1) and four, (Exp.2) and lesions were localized to the midline medial frontal cortex in some rats, while a different group of rats received lesions in the posterior parietal cortex. The pre-and postnatal choline treated animals showed favorable results for the medial frontal lesions, and the postnatal vitamin supplement treated animals showed favorable results for treatment in both medial frontal and posterior parietal lesions. All animals were tested in adulthood indicating that nutrition intervention is very beneficial for alleviating some of the functional deficits commonly seen from early cortical injury.xiv, 191 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
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Hautea, Rhea P. "Vitamin D- induced down regulation of RAD51 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), In Vitro and In Vivo." Scholarly Commons, 2011. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/786.
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The active form of Vitamin D (VD3) has been shown to induce pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects in several mammalian cancer cell types. The molecular mechanisms of tumor suppression, however, are not clearly understood. Previous research has shown that head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) responds to VD3. This thesis used both in vivo and in vitro models to examine the effect of VD3 in HNSCC. Former work in the Albala laboratory showed that hamsters that received systemic VD3 and topical treatment of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) to the buccal pouch showed no or delayed carcinogenesis over the 14-week study compared to DMBA-only treated hamsters. This research further investigated the effect of VD3 in this hamster model. Using immunohistochemical (IHC) and western blot analysis, we demonstrate that systemic application of VD3to hamsters downregulates Rad51 expression in the buccal pouch and hinders the onset of tumor formation. Rad51 is a protein that plays a critical role in cell proliferation and homologous recombinational DNA repair. In the in vitro model, we show that Rad51 expression decreased in response to 100nM VD3 in HNSCC cell lines. The dose and time-dependence of VD3 on these cells was also examined. Western blot analysis and comet assay investigations confirmed that the SCC25 cell line is most sensitive to 100nM VD3 than to other doses tested, and that VD3 impairs the DNA-damage response. SiRNA and co-immunoprecipitation studies examined the potential of Chk 1 and p38 MAPK as upstream regulators of Rad51. Rad51 protein expression was found to be associated with early carcinogenesis from HNSCC cancer patients using IHC studies of human carcinomas from the oral cavity. This study focused on further identifying the role of Rad51 in response to VD3 in HNSCC.
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Milliken, Erin L. "USE OF A TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODEL OF OVARIAN HYPERSTIUMLUATION TO IDENTIFY THERAPEUTIC TARGETS AND MECHANISMS IN HORMONE-INDUCED MAMMARY CANCER." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1121273034.
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Murphy, Stephanie A. "Effects of selenium and vitamin B-6 on growth of chemically- induced transplanted tumors in BALB/c inbred mice." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43906.
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Male weanling inbred, mice were inoculated with
fibrosarcoma cells (hindquarter) originally produced by 2-methylcholanthrene. Before inoculation, mice were randomly divided into three groups of 24 and one of 12
(control). After a one week acclimation period, each group was fed a diet containing either suboptimal vitamin B-6, 0.5 mg/kg diet; adequate, 7.0 mg/kg diet; or excess, 100 mg/kg diet. Controls were fed the adequate vitamin. B-6 diet. Twenty-four hours after
tumor cell inoculation, a series of sodium selenite injections (0.5 μg/.10 mL) were given to half of each treatment group and all controls. Mice were sacrificed
two wk after tumor inoculation. Tumors were excised and weighed. Selenium-treated mice had significantly smaller tumors as compared to untreated mice regardless
of vitamin B-6 treatment. The smallest tumors were
found in the selenium-treated group maintained on
adequate B-6, while the largest tumors were developed
by mice on the excess B-6 diet without selenium treatments.
All groups had similar blood selenium levels as
measured by gas chromatography. Tumor selenium levels,
analyzed by atomic absorption, were significantly
higher for untreated groups than selenium-treated
groups (larger tumor size). The excess and adequate
vitamin B-6 selenium-treated groups had significantly
lower tumor selenium levels than the adequate vitamin
B-6 untreated group. Plasma pyridoxal phosphate
(concentrations) determined radiometrically and tumor
vitamin B-6 levels determined microbiologically, related directly to dietary treatments. Sodium selenite
injections and adequate vitamin B-6 diets reduced the
size of fibrosarcomas in BALB/c inbred mice.Master of Science
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Mwanri, Lillian. "Impact of vitamin A and iron on anaemia and cognitive functioning of anaemic school children in Tanzania." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm994.pdf.
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Austin, Nicole. "Vitamin D, neuromuscular control and falling episodes in Australian postmenopausal women." University of Western Australia. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0009.
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Falls in the older population have devastating consequences on the psychological and physiological health of the individual. Due to the complexity of interacting factors associated with ageing, pathology and falling episodes, determination of a primary cause or set of causes has been difficult to establish. Deficits in components of neuromuscular control have been widely studied with the coordinated interaction of sensory and motor system components being presented as a fundamental factor in the reduction of falling episodes. A causal relationship between deficits in vitamin D status and falling episodes has also been suggested. Furthermore, a relationship between poor vitamin D status, falling episodes and poor neuromuscular performance has been reported. The aims of the current study were designed to advance understanding in three aspects of the problem of falls prevention. Firstly an examination of the reliability of testing procedures commonly used in assessment of falls risk was undertaken. The Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA) testing procedure was selected as a commonly used tool and the reliability of its various components (sensory, motor and balance) was undertaken as an independent assessment of this approach to assessing falls propensity. Secondly, a case control study of fallers and non fallers was undertaken in which the neuromuscular tests evaluated in the reliability study were used to assess differences in neuromuscular control. The influence of vitamin D status on these measures was also considered. Thirdly, a 12-month randomised controlled trial of vitamin D/calcium supplementation or placebo/calcium was undertaken to identify the effect on falls outcome and individual measures of neuromuscular control.
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Željka, Savić. "Uticaj statusa vitamina D na metaboličku aktivnost kosti i koštanu masu kod bolesnika sa alkoholnom cirozom jetre." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2014. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=89494&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Uvod: Hepatička osteodistrofija je termin koji obuhvata metaboličke bolesti kosti udružene sa hroničnim bolestima jetre. U alkoholnoj cirozi (AC) jetre postoji visoka zastupljenost deficijencije vitamina D proporcionalna stepenu disfunkcije jetre, ali njena uloga u patogenezi hepatičke osteodistrofije nije dovoljno objašnjena. Nivo 25(OH)D odražava status vitamina D. Kod AC jetre izmenjena je metabolička aktivnost kosti i suprimirano je formiranje kosti što dovodi do smanjenja koštane mase. U centru interesovanja je postizanje optimalnog statusa vitamina D. Stavovi o suplementaciji vitaminom D kod AC jetre nisu jasno definisani. Cilj rada: Utvrditi nivo vitamina D, ispitati metaboličku aktivnost kosti i mineralnu gustinu kosti kod bolesnika sa AC jetre. Utvrditi efekte suplementacije sa 1000 IU vitamina D3 na dan tokom godinu dana u odnosu na metaboličku aktivnost kosti i mineralnu gustinu kosti kod ispitivanih bolesnika. Bolesnici i metode: Istraživanje je sprovedeno na Klinici za gastroenterologiju i hepatologiju Kliničkog centra Vojvodine u Novom Sadu kao prospektivna intervencijska studija sa primenom suplementacije sa 1000 IU vitamina D3 na dan kod bolesnika sa AC jetre. Grupu bolesnika koja je uključena u istraživanje (1) činilo je 70 bolesnika muškog pola sa dijagnozom AC jetre. Bolesnici su imali četiri pregleda (P), odnosno tačke studije: P1-uključivanje bolesnika i započinjanje suplementacije vitaminom D; P2, P3 i P4 posle tri, šest i dvanaest meseci suplementacije vitaminom D, redom. Prilikom svakog pregleda rađene su analize funkcije jetre, metabolizma kosti i statusa vitamina D. Na početku (P1) i na kraju istraživanja (P4) vršeno je merenje mineralne gustine kosti (BMD) DXA metodom. Gubitak bolesnika od P1 do P4 bio je dvadeset, na različitim tačkama studije. Prvi deo istraživanja odnosi se na Grupu bolesnika koja je uključena u istraživanje (1) i završila prvi pregled (P1). Pedeset bolesnika je završilo kompletno istraživanje po predviđenom protokolu i oni se zbog realizacije svih pregleda i ponovljenih merenja posmatraju kao: Grupa bolesnika koja je završila istraživanje (2). Rezultati: (1): Kod bolesnika sa AC jetre utvrđena je deficijencija vitamina D, snižen nivo osteokalcina, normalni nivoi CrossLapsa, PTH, ukupnog i jonizovanog kalcijuma, fosfora i magnezijuma. Osteopeniju je imalo 42,65% a osteoporozu 14,71% ispitanika. Kod svih ispitanika najniži BMD izmeren je na vratu femura. (2): Suplementacija vitaminom D dovela je do značajnog porasta 25(OH)D. U odnosu na osteokalcin konstatovana je pozitivna razlika vrednosti P1/P4, iako je nivo ostao ispod donje granice normale. Kod nivoa CrossLapsa i PTH razlika P1/P4 je negativna, ali su nivoi u sva četiri merenja u okviru referentnih vrednosti. Na lumbalnoj kičmi došlo je do poboljšanja BMD za 0.87%, a pogoršanja su na vratu femura -1.87 % i kuku -1.65%. Konstatovano je i poboljšanje funkcije jetre. Zaključci: Kod bolesnika sa AC jetre poboljšanje statusa vitamina D dovodi do povećanja formiranja kosti i poboljšanja koštane mase na lumbalnoj kičmi. Neophodno je određivanje statusa vitamina D kod svih bolesnika sa AC jetre i uvođenje suplementacije vitaminom D kod bolesnika koji imaju nivo 25(OH)D < 80 nmol/l, uz tromesečne kontrole efekta. Kod postavljanja dijagnoze AC jetre potrebno je inicijalno određivanje BMD. Kod suplementacije vitaminom D nakon inicijalnog DXA pregleda sledeći se preporučuje nakon jedne do dve godine.Introduction: The term Hepatic osteodystrophy defines a group of metabolic bone diseases associated with underlying chronic liver disease. Alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) is characterized by high incidence of vitamin D deficiency that is proportional to the level of liver failure; however, its role in the pathogenesis of hepatic osteodystrophy has not yet been fully elucidated. The level of 25(OH)D best reflects the vitamin D status. ALC is characterized by changed bone metabolic activity and suppressed bone formation, resulting in the decrease in bone mass. The key topic of interest is the achievement of optimal vitamin D status. The attitude of health professionals towards vitamin D supplementation in alcoholic liver cirrhosis has not yet been clearly defined. The aim of the research: Determining of vitamin D levels, investigating the metabolic activity of the bone and bone mass in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC); Determining the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation at the dose 1000 IU/day during a one-year period in relation to metabolic activity of the bone and bone mineral density (BMD) in the investigated patient population. Patients and methods: The research was conducted at the Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology of the Clinical Centre of Vojvodina in Novi Sad. The research was designed as a prospective interventional study implicating vitamin D3 supplementation at the dose 1000 IU/day to patients with ALC. The investigated patient population (1) encompassed 70 male patients diagnosed with ALC. The patients underwent four examinations (P), that is, research phases: P1 – inclusion of the patient into the study and introduction of vitamin D supplementation; P2, P3 and P4 after 3, 6 and 12 months of vitamin D supplementation treatment, respectively. Each examination included the analysis of liver function, bone metabolism and vitamin D status. At the beginning (P1) and at the end (P4) of the investigation period, bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by means of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) method. Twenty patients dropped out from the research at different stages throughout the investigation period (P1 to P4). The first part of the investigation pertains to the Group of patients who were included into the study (1) and completed the first examination (P1). Fifty patients have completed the entire research according to the foreseen protocol encompassing all examinations and repeated measurements. These patients are considered a Group of patients who completed the research (2) Results: (1): In ALC patients, vitamin D deficiency and decreased osteocalcin levels were established, as well as normal levels of CrossLaps, PTH, total and ionized calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. Osteopenia and osteoporosis were established in 42.65% and 14.71% of patients, respectively. The lowest BMD was measured in the femoral neck in all patients. (2): Vitamin D supplementation resulted in significant increase in 25(OH)D. Analysis of osteocalcin level revealed positive P1/P4 difference, even though the level remained below the lower normal limit. The levels of CrossLaps and PTH revealed negative P1/P4 difference; however, the levels determined at all four measurements were within the reference values. An improvement of BMD for 0.87% was established in lumbar spine, whereas a decrease was noticed in femoral neck (1.87%) and hip (1.65%). Furthermore, an improvement of liver function was established. Conclusions: Improvement of vitamin D status in ALC patients results in an increase of bone formation and improvement of body mass in lumbar spine. Determining the vitamin D status in all patients with ALC is of outmost importance, as well as the vitamin D supplementation of patients with levels of 25(OH)D < 80 nmol/l along with the monitoring of treatment outcome at three-month intervals. Establishment of the diagnosis of alcoholic liver cirrhosis should encompass initial measurement of BMD. In case of vitamin D supplementation treatment, the initial DXA examination should be repeated after the period of one to two years.
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Oliveira, Glícia Ribeiro de. "Intervenção assistida por animais com crianças hospitalizadas: efeitos nas condutas comunicativas, sinais vitais e níveis de cortisol." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20890.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
INTRODUCTION: This study is aligned with the researches that show that the animal-assisted intervention (AAI) is a possibility to mitigate the possible vulnerability of children when hospitalized and that the presence of a dog contributes to face it, in addition to enhance a sense of well-being. Two complementary studies are presented. PURPOSE: Study 1: To describe comparatively the communicative behavior of children hospitalized with (AAI) and without a dog, in a playful context. Study 2: To describe comparatively the vital signs results and of the cortisol levels in children hospitalized, pre- and post-animal assisted Intervention. METHODS: Study 1: 46 subjects participated in a leisure activity (reading a children's book): 27 in the presence of a dog (Research Group-RG-AAI) and 19 subject without the dog (Control Group-CG). The activity was conducted individually and spontaneously, using the proposal of a ‘Velcometry’, in which the subject would interact with the figures on the book with Velcro straps on the back of the book, on the dog vest (RG), or in the felt board (CG). Collected data were submitted to descriptive and comparative analysis from the analysis of the videos of the RG and CG by the researcher and by 04 judges (02 specialized in the AAI performance and 02 speech-language pathologists). Categories (and their subcategories) of relevant content were established. For the RG and the CG: Non-verbal behavior (body posture; visual contact; facial expression); Interaction and dialogic activity; Motivation for reading. Specifically for the RG: Spontaneous autobiographical reports and photographic records of the AAI. Study 2: 27 subjects participated in a leisure activity (reading a children's book) in the presence of a dog (AAI): The vital signs were measured and material (saliva) was collected to assess the cortisol level before and after the AAI. The collected data were compared from the analysis of the vital signs and cortisol results, before and after the AAI. RESULTS: Study 1: The RG was highlighted in the sample studied: gradual increase of visual and body contacts with the researcher and with the dog in the course of the activity; significant occurrence of happy facial expressions, interaction and dialogy; as well as of spontaneous narratives and motivation for reading. Study 2: In subjects studied, in pre- and post-AAI contexts, vital signs did not show statistically significant differences; however, the reduction of cortisol levels was statistically significant and it was associated to the immune responses on the reduction of stress. CONCLUSION: Study 1: The AAI provided beneficial effects, establishing itself as powerful international resource to address the biopsychic burden involved in the hospitalization process of the child. Study 2: The AAI can mitigate the effects of the stressful environment and enhance the sense of well-being of children hospitalized
INTRODUÇÃO: Esse estudo se alinha com as pesquisas que apontam que a Intervenção Assistida por Animais (IAA) seja uma possibilidade que amenize a possível vulnerabilidade de crianças diante à situação da hospitalização e de que a presença de um cão contribui para o seu enfrentamento, além de potencializar a sensação de bem-estar. São apresentados 2 estudos complementares. OBJETIVOS: Estudo 1: Descrever comparativamente as condutas comunicativas de crianças hospitalizadas na presença (IAA) e na ausência de um cão, em contexto lúdico. Estudo 2: Descrever comparativamente os resultados da aferição de sinais vitais e mensuração dos níveis de cortisol de crianças hospitalizadas, pré e pós Intervenção Assistida por Animais. MÉTODO: Estudo 1: 46 sujeitos participaram de uma atividade lúdica (leitura de um livro infantil): 27 na presença de um cão (Grupo Pesquisa – GP - IAA) e 19 sujeitos sem o cão (Grupo Controle – GC). A atividade ocorreu individualmente, de forma espontânea, utilizando a proposta do Velcômetro, em que o sujeito aderia figuras do livro com velcros colados no verso, no colete do cão (GP), ou no quadro de feltro (GC). Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise descritiva e comparativa a partir da análise dos vídeos do GP e GC pela pesquisadora e 04 juízes (02 especialistas na atuação em IAA e 02 fonoaudiólogas). Estabeleceram-se categorias (e respectivas subcategorias) relevantes de conteúdo. Para o GP e GC: Comportamento não verbal (postura corporal; contato visual; sorrisos); Interação e atividade dialógica; Motivação para a leitura. Para o GP, especificamente: Relatos autobiográficos espontâneos e Registros fotográficos da IAA. Estudo 2: 27 sujeitos participaram de uma atividade lúdica (leitura de um livro infantil) na presença de um cão (IAA). Foram realizadas aferições de sinais vitais e coleta de material (saliva) para mensuração do nível de cortisol pré e pós IAA. Os dados coletados foram comparados a partir da análise dos resultados dos sinais vitais e cortisol, pré e pós IAA. RESULTADOS: Estudo 1: Na amostra estudada, evidenciou-se no GP: gradativo aumento dos contatos visual e corporal do sujeito com a pesquisadora e com o cão no decorrer da atividade; ocorrência significativa de sorrisos, de interação e dialogia; de narrativas espontâneas e motivação para a leitura. Estudo 2: Nos sujeitos estudados, nos contextos pré e pós IAA, os sinais vitais não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas, entretanto, a redução dos níveis de cortisol foi estatisticamente significativa, associando-se às respostas imunológicas diante da diminuição do estresse. CONCLUSÃO: Estudo 1: A IAA teve efeitos benéficos, configurando-se como recurso interacional potente para lidar com a situação de sofrimento biopsíquico envolvido no processo de hospitalização da criança. Estudo 2: A IAA pode minimizar os efeitos do ambiente estressor e potencializar a sensação de bem-estar de crianças hospitalizadas
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Ramez-Baydoun, Lubna Lulu. "Novel chelating agents for therapeutic use." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406043.
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Betz, Jennifer. "The Use of Improvisation in Therapeutic Practices." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1557312650223249.
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Xiang, Hong. "Effects of myo-inositol and, or triiodothyronine (T₃) treatment on cardiac dysfunction and elevated myocardial lipid levels in STZ-diabetic rats." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26675.
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A number of experimental studies have implied a link between diabetes-induced lipid accumulation in the myocardium and the development of cardiomyopathy. Since diabetics excrete large amounts of myo-inositol which is a lipotropic agent, this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of myo-inositol on the elevated myocardial lipid levels and the depressed cardiac performance of diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in female Wistar rats (190-215 g) with streptozotocin (STZ) (55 mg/kg, i.v.). Three days after diabetes induction, myo-inositol was administered in the drinking water (2.5 g/kg/day) for a 8 week period. Untreated diabetics exhibited a loss of body weight, hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia and hypothyroidism. These effects were not altered after myo-inositol treatment. STZ-diabetes also produced a significant elevation of plasma and myocardial triacylglycerol, cholesterol and phospholipid. Myo-inositol treatment decreased these lipid levels. In addition, hearts from diabetic animals had a decreased ability to develop left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and both the rate of pressure rise (+dP/dt) and the rate of pressure decline (-dP/dt) were also reduced. Hearts from myo-inositol-treated diabetic animals showed a partial but definite improvement of cardiac function.
As diabetes-induced hypothyroidism was not altered after myo-inositol supplementation, a combination treatment of both myo-inositol (2.5 g/kg/day, p.o. daily) and T₃ (30 ug/kg/day, s.c. daily) was then undertaken to determine whether heart function of diabetic rats could be further improved. STZ-diabetic rats were characterized by a loss of body weight, hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia; none of which were altered by either T₃ or myo-inositol plusT₃ treatment. T₃ treatment normalized the thyroid state of diabetic animals as shown by Tahiliani and McNeill (1984). However, plasma and myocardial triacylglycerol, cholesterol and phospholipid levels of diabetic rats either remained elevated or were further increased with T₃ or myo-inositol plus T₃ treatment. In addition, T₃ treatment alone did not prevent cardiac dysfunction in diabetic rats. There was, however, some improvement in heart function in the groups treated with both myo-inositol and T₃, but the improvement was not as pronounced as with myo-inositol treatment alone.Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of
Graduate
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Bourne, Nicola Elizabeth. "The use of vitamin E in sustainable milk production." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413433.
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Alder, Louise B. A. "Immunoregulatory properties of polyclonal immunoglobulin for therapeutic use." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361937.
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Lloyd, Jonathan. "The therapeutic use of metaphor : a heuristic study." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-therapeutic-use-of-metaphor-a-heuristic-study(a020949f-3653-4812-af1d-ccbf49e53f98).html.
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Background: This research was designed to explore the experience and understanding of counsellors' and psychotherapists' engagement with metaphors in the therapeutic process. The aim is to reflect on the experience of therapists involved in therapeutic metaphors from differing perspectives. Methodology: In a heuristic study a group of seven therapists (counsellors and psychotherapists) shared their use of metaphors in their therapy practice. Data were collected through an informal conversational interview that supported the participants to share their experiences in a natural dialogue. Findings: The experience of using metaphor in therapy appears to involve a multi-faceted web of generation, construction and development between the therapist and client. Various levels of depth of metaphor in therapy were identified along with links to transferential and cultural issues. Metaphors of hope also appear to be potentially important. Discussion: The findings suggest that the use of metaphors in therapy is pervasive. Metaphors that reflect an empathic connection and encounter between therapist and client were identified. Dualistic thinking around the origination of metaphors in therapy is challenged and the concept of co-creation and the mutual development of moving metaphors is discussed. Environmental and cultural influences are considered alongside transferential aspects. Conclusion: It appears that the use of metaphor in therapy is pervasive and offers an opportunity for therapeutic change. The consideration of the construction of metaphors and their mutual development may be useful for therapists to consider. This research highlights the need for more investigation with regard to client perspectives, the environmental impacts on metaphors in therapy and who the therapist and client stand for metaphorically for each other.
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Ngwa, Conelius. "Use of peptide nucleic acids as therapeutic agents." Thesis, Aston University, 2014. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/24385/.
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Marnewick, Jeanine Lucasta. "Cancer modulating properties of unique South African herbal teas (rooibos and honeybush) in short term in vitro and in vivo carcinogenesis assays." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21888.
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Dissertation (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis provides the first scientific evidence on the cancer modulating properties of two unique South African herbal teas, rooibos (Aspalathus Iinearis) and honeybush (Cyclopia intermedia) utilizing in vitro as well as in vivo carcinogenesis assays by: • Demonstrating the in vitro antimutagenic activity of aqueous extracts of the herbal teas against the metabolic activated mutagens, 2-acetylaminofluorene (2- AAF) and the mycotoxin, aflatoxin B1 (AFB,) as well as, to a certain extent, against the direct acting mutagen, hydrogen peroxide, utilizing the Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay. • Increasing the activity of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes, glutathione Stransferase alpha and UPD-glucuronosyl transferase, and reduced the oxidative stress by stabilizing the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) resulting in an increased hepatic reduced to oxidized glutathione ratio (GSG:GSSG). No toxic effects were noticed in rats consuming the herbal teas for 10 weeks as their sole source of drinking fluid. • Demonstrating the ex vivo modulation of 2-AAF- and AFB1-induced mutagenesis by sub- cellular hepatic fractions of rats consuming the herbal teas in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay. Hepatic cytosolic fractions protected against mutagenesis of both mutagens, while the microsomal fractions exhibited a reduced capacity to metabolize AFB1 to its active mutagenic metabolite. • Providing evidence for the in vivo modulation of tumour promotion using the liver as well as the two-stage skin carcinogenesis animal models. The unprocessed herbal teas arrested proliferation of the placental form of glutathione-Stransferase (GSTP+) altered cells as well as reduced the total number of enzyme altered foci in the liver of rats. Topical application of polyphenolic fractions of the various herbal teas prior to 12-0-tetra-decanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) tumour promotion, reduced tumour formation in mouse skin initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[ ajanthracene (DMBA). The protective effect was illustrated by a decreased tumour incidence, a reduction in tumour volume as well as a delayed onset of tumour development. The f1avanol/proanthocyanidin content of the fractions could playa major role in the protection against skin tumour promotion. • Proposing possible mechanisms whereby rooibos and honeybush herbal teas could exert their cancer modulating properties with respect to in vitro and ex vivo antimutagenicity, in vivo oxidative status and reduced tumour promotion. • Providing evidence that the herbal teas mimic the cancer modulating properties of green and black teas although differences exist, presumably due to differences in the polyphenolic constituents. • Suggesting that rooibos and honeybush herbal teas may play an important role as chemopreventive agents in the modulation of cancer.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis bevat die eerste ondersoek na die effek van waterige en polifenoliese ekstrakte van rooibos (Aspalathus Iinearis) en heuningbos (Cyclopia intermedia) op verskeie aspekte van kankerontwikkeling. Die twee kruietees is uniek aan Suid-Afrika en kan 'n belangrike rol speel in die voorkoming van kanker. Verskillende in vitro so wei as in vivo studies het die volgende getoon: • Antimutageniese aktiwiteite teen die metabolies-geaktiveerde mutagene, 2- asetielaminofluoreen (2-AAF) en die mikotoksien, aflatoksien B1 (AFB1) in die Salmonella fyphimurium mutagenisiteitstoets. 'n Beperkte mate van beskerming is ook verleen teen die oksidatiewe mutageen, waterstofperoksied, sonder metaboliese aktivering. • Verhoogde aktiwiteite van die fase II ensieme, glutatioon S-tranferase alfa en UDP-glukuronidase, wat liggaamsvreemde verbindings metaboliseer. Die kruietees verlaag die oksidasietoestand soos weerspieel word deur 'n toename van gereduseerde glutatioon tot die geoksideerde vorm in die lewer van rotte wat 10 weke hierdie kruietees gedrink he!. Die kruietees het geen toksiese uitwerking op die rotte gehad nie. • Antimutageniese aktiwiteite van subselluiE~re fraksies van die lewer teenoor 2- AAF en AFB1 in die Salmonella toets. Die sitosolfraksie van die rotlewer bied beskerming teen die ge"induseerde mutagenese van beide mutagene, terwyl die mikrosomale fraksie ook die metaboliese aktivering van AFB1 na die aktiewe mutageniese metaboliet verminder. • In vivo modulering van kankerpromosie met behulp van bekende rotlewer en muisvel kankerontwikkelingsmodelle. In die lewermodel het die ongeprosesseerde kruietees beide die ontwikkeling en getal van GSTP+ fokusse onderskeidelik vertraag en verminder. In die geval van die velkankermodel het aanwending van polifenoliese fraksies van die kruietees beskerming gebied teen die ontwikkeling van velkankers by muise. Die aantal en grootte van die tumors het afgeneem terwyl die verskyning daarvan ook vertraag is. • Verskeie meganismes waardeur rooibos- en heuningboslee moonllik kanker kan moduleer word voorgeslel. Verskille in die polifenoliese sameslelling asook hul onderskeie konsenlrasies kan 'n belangrike rol speel in die kankerveranderende effekle van die lees. • Oal gereelde inname van rooibos- en/of heuningboslee moonllik 'n belangrike rol kan speel in die voorkoming van dieel- en omgewings-geYnduseerde kankers.
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Cheng, Ka-wing, and 鄭家榮. "Preventive potential and mechanism of dietary phenolics on the formation of mutagenic heterocyclic amines." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4284177X.
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The Best PhD Thesis in the Faculties of Dentistry, Engineering, Medicine and Science (University of Hong Kong), Li Ka Shing Prize,2008-2009published_or_final_version
Biological Sciences
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Stapleton, Graham Neil. "A study of the effects of sucralfate in the bile duct litigated pig peptic ulcer model with particular reference to the effects on the physico-chemical properties of gastric mucus and including comparisons with famotidine and misoprostol." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25727.
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Sucralfate is a drug that effectively heals duodenal, gastric and oesophageal ulcers. It is not absorbed systemically and it has been shown to act locally by coating the ulcer base. However when it was also shown to prevent stress ulcers and ethanolinduced gastric mucosa! lesions, it seemed likely that it acted in some way to improve the effectiveness of the gastric mucosa! barrier. Some investigators suggested that it did so by stimulating local prostaglandin release. The Slomiany group, on the basis of in vitro work on the effects of Sucralfate on pig gastric mucus, claimed that Sucralfate acted by altering the physico-chemical properties of mucus to increase the viscosity and retard the back diffusion of H+ ions. The work described in this dissertation set out to verify, in vivo, these claimed effects on mucus, using an experimental porcine model of peptic ulceration, the bile duct ligated pig. In addition, the effects of Sucralfate were compared with those of Famotidine and Misoprostol, and changes in mucous prostaglandins, gastric juice pepsin and gastric flora were sought. By way of introduction, the known and postulated actions of Sucralfate, current understanding of gastric mucus physiology and pathogenesis of peptic ulceration, have been reviewed, as have experimental animal models of peptic ulceration, in order to justify using the bile duct ligated pig model.
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Wilkins, Jennie P. "Relationship between maternal prenatal vitamin use and infant iron status." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2381.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 43 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 34-36).
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Thomas, Becky L. "The Use of Therapeutic Rituals in Substance Abuse Treatment." DigitalCommons@USU, 2001. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2712.
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This study explored the use of rituals in substance abuse counseling. Data were obtained from a total of 25 mental health workers in the substance abuse field from the northern region of Utah. Four research questions were asked about rituals and their use in substance abuse counseling: (I) Are addictions therapists using rituals? (2) How did therapists determine when to use rituals? (3) What types of rituals do they use? and (4) How do therapists assess ritual effectiveness? Results indicated that about three fourths of the mental health workers questioned were using rituals in their treatment protocol with substance abuse clients. The most common methods used for determining when to implement rituals into treatment were (a) clients were emotionally stuck, (b) client's cognitive ability, and (c) therapist's perception. The findings also suggested that therapists presented means of assessing the effectiveness of the rituals they implemented, but the data also supported past literature findings that showed little empirical means of assessment.
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Kjellin, Jessica, and Sara Norman. "Arbetsterapeutstudenters utvecklande av ”therapeutic use of self” - En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-84409.
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Treece, Christine A. "Psychologists' Use of Dogs in Psychotherapy: A Therapeutic Exploration." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1554402231989459.
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Hakala, John C. "The therapeutic use and effectiveness of humor in psychotherapy." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998hakalaj.pdf.
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Parsons, Ann Bernardene. "Designing a resource guide for horticultural therapy programs at botanical gardens and arboreta." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104531.
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余詩德 and Sze-tak Yu. "Effects of Chinese green tea and tea catechins on lipolysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31969677.
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Zhang, Jingjing, and 张晶晶. "The anti-cancer properties of cyclometalated gold(III) complexes and organogold(III) supramolecular polymers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208171.
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Prompted by the successful clinical application of cisplatin in cancer therapy, worldwide efforts have been devoted to develop new metal-based drugs for anticancer treatment. Gold(III) complexes at first received attention as anti-cancer drug candidates because of their square-planar geometry which resembles that of platinum(II) complexes. Subsequent studies revealed that various gold(III) complexes displayed promising anti-cancer activities with different biological mechanisms. Although some achievements have been obtained in the development of anti-cancer gold(III) complexes, challenges including the improvement of bioavailability, stability and selectivity, elucidation of the action mechanisms, and the development of novel delivery approaches of gold(III) complexes to reduce systematic toxicity, remain to be exploited.
A panel of anti-cancer complexes [AuIII(R-C^N)(L)]n+ (wherein HC^N is 2-phenylpyridine, L is biguanide or biuret) have been identified and described in Chapter 3. Biguanide or biuret have been employed to improve the solubility of the complexes in aqueous solutions. Meanwhile, the lipophilicity could readily be adjusted by varying the R group to obtain a balance between lipophilicity and aqueous solubility. Among the synthesized complexes, the cationic complexes, [AuIII(butyl-C^N)biguanide]Cl (3.1) and [AuIII(C^N)biguanide]Cl (3.2) are soluble in aqueous solutions with solubility over 5 mg/mL. Besides, introduction of butyl groups to 3.1 and [AuIII(butyl-C^N)biuret] (3.3) resulted in higher cellular uptake of gold, which might enhance their cytotoxic activities (IC50 values: 1.5–17 μM) compared with 3.2 and [AuIII(C^N)biuret] (3.4) (IC50 values: 9.4–47.3 μM). Moreover, 3.1 was also found to induce cell cycle arrest in S-phase and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) damage in human cervical epithelial carcinoma (HeLa) cells, and display significant anti-angiogenic activity at its sub-cytotoxic concentrations.
In Chapter 4, a series of gold(III) complexes with dithiocarbamate and 2-phenylpyridine ligands to target deubiquitinases (DUBs), have been designed. These complexes achieved significant inhibition on purified DUBs. Notably, [AuIII(2-(4-nbutylphenyl) pyridyl)(diethyldithiocarbamate)]PF6 (4.1) inhibited both the purified (IC50 values: 46–223 nM) and cell-based DUBs activities with high efficiency. Its interaction with DUB UCHL1 and peptides which are present in several types of DUBs and contain active cysteine residue were confirmed by mass spectrometric analysis. All complexes displayed significant cytotoxicities, and those containing diethyldithiocarbamate ligand displayed specific cytotoxicity on breast cancer cells. Accumulation of a tumor suppressor p53, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptotic cell death were induced in breast cancer cells by 4.1. Besides, 4.1 also showed anti-angiogenic effects. These biological activities might be related with DUBs inhibition.
In Chapter 5, a cytotoxic complex [AuIII(C^N^C)(4-dpt)](CF3SO3) (5.1, HC^N^CH = 2,6-diphenylpyridine; 4-dpt = 2,4-diamino-6-(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine) has been designed to self-assemble into supramolecular polymers (5.1-SP) in acetonitrile. In physiologically relevant solutions, 5.1-SP displayed a sustained-release property of the anti-angiogenic ligand 4-dpt, and in the presence of glutathione (GSH), [AuIII(C^N^C)-GSH] adduct(s) were also gradually released. The supramolecular polymers 5.1-SP also showed selective cytotoxicity toward cancerous cells, and could act as drug-carriers of other cytotoxic agents to achieve sustained-release behavior.published_or_final_version
Chemistry
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Roberts, Jacintha. "Studies on bisphosphonate elution from orthopaedic implants." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112582.
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In a 6-week rat model it was demonstrated that a small dose of peri-implant zoledronic acid (ZA) increased local bone formation 3-fold compared with controls. Ancillary in vitro studies using 14C-labeled ZA implant doses demonstrated biphasic elution profiles for implants coated with hydroxyapatite; complete ZA release occurred within one to three weeks in serum compared with only 60% ZA release after 12 weeks in water. Implants without hydroxyapatite coating showed more burst-type release profiles and full ZA elution within 24 hours of hydration in serum or water. Canine studies at 6 weeks using implants with 14C-labeled ZA showed that the compound remained localized, with the greatest ZA concentration immediately adjacent to the implant. Although there was evidence of skeletal ZA distribution via diffusion into the circulation, the levels were two orders of magnitude less than at the implant site.
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Kilinkissa, Ornella Edlyne Youdaga. "Physical chemical properties of selected pharmaceutical co-crystals." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/731.
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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Magister Technologiae: Chemistry
in the Faculty of Applied Sciences at the
CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
2014The solid state modification of a given active pharmaceutical ingredient is a desired way to alter its physicochemical properties, such as solubility or bioavailability. The solubilitymelting point relationship of the ensuing co-crystal or salt is not fully understood. In this thesis, a series of model co-crystals and pharmaceutical co-crystals and salts of baclofen were investigated. The model co-crystals were prepared from 4,4’-bipyridine (BIPY) and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (ETBIPY) used as host compounds which were combined with a series of carboxylic acids as co-formers, such as p-toluic acid (PTA), rac-phenylbutyric acid (racPBA), racemic and S-phenylsuccinic acid (racPSA and S-PSA, respectively). In the second part, six new multicomponent crystals of baclofen (BAC, (RS) 4-amino-3-(4- chlorophenyl)-butanoic acid), were prepared with mono- and dicarboxylic acids: two pharmaceutical co-crystals obtained with benzoic acid (BAC•BA) and p-toluic acid (BAC•PTA) and four pharmaceutical salts with 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, (BAC+)(HNA-), oxalic acid, 2(BAC+)(OA2-), maleic acid, (BAC+)(MA-) and p-toluene sulfonic acid, (BAC+)(PTSA-)•IPA. The compounds prepared were analysed by single crystal and powder X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry and their solubility was measured in water and ethanol. From the analysis of the model co-crystals it was concluded that their aqueous solubility is inversely related to the melting point values and this can be explained by packing features. Also, the introduction of a chiral building block, compared to its racemic counterpart, is a valuable way to limit the formation of the intermolecular interactions in the new multicomponent crystal and thus decrease the efficiency of the packing which eventually leads to lower melting points and better solubility. The analysis of the baclofen crystals suggests that a strong, robust and predictable hydrogen bonding network with a combination of molecular building blocks which show acceptable molecular flexibility is a good recipe for successful co-crystal design.
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Sinha, S. K. "Vitamin E and periventicular haemorrhage in preterm babies." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234205.
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Bertrand, Erin Marie. "Insights into vitamin B₁₂ production, acquisition, and use by marine microbes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73797.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The distribution and magnitude of marine primary production helps determine the ocean's role in global carbon cycling. Constraining factors that impact this productivity and elucidating selective pressures that drive the composition of marine microbial communities are thus essential aspects of marine biogeochemistry. Vitamin B₁₂, also known as cobalamin, is a cobalt containing organometallic micronutrient produced by some bacteria and archaea and required by many eukaryotic phytoplankton for methionine biosynthesis and regeneration. Although the potential for vitamin B₁₂ availability to impact primary production and phytoplankton species composition has long been recognized, the lack of molecular-level tools for studying B₁₂ production, use and acquisition has limited inquiry into the role of the vitamin in marine biogeochemical processes. This thesis describes the development of such tools and implements them for the study of B₁₂ dynamics in an Antarctic shelf ecosystem. Nucleic acid probes for B₁₂ biosynthesis genes were designed and used to identify a potentially dominant group of B₁₂ producers in the Ross Sea. The activity of this group was then verified by mass spectrometry-based peptide measurements. Then, possible interconnections between iron and B₁₂ dynamics in this region were identified using field-based bottle incubation experiments and vitamin uptake measurements, showing that iron availability may impact both B₁₂ production and consumption. Changes in diatom proteomes induced by low B₁₂ and low iron availability were then examined and used to identify a novel B₁₂ acquisition protein, CBA1, in diatoms. This represents the first identification of a B₁₂ acquisition protein in eukaryotic phytoplankton. Transcripts encoding CBA 1 were detected in natural phytoplankton communities, confirming that B₁₂ acquisition is an important part of phytoplankton molecular physiology. Selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry was used to measure the abundance of CBA1 and methionine synthase proteins in diatoms cultures, revealing distinct protein abundance patterns as a function of B₁₂ availability. These peptide measurements were implemented to quantify methionine synthase proteins in McMurdo Sound, revealing that there is both B₁₂ utilization and starvation in natural diatom communities and that these peptide measurements hold promise for revealing the metabolic status of marine ecosystems with respect to vitamin B₁₂.
by Erin Marie Bertrand.
Ph.D.
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Zhang, Xiao, and 張瀟. "The effects of l-tetrahydropalmatine and rhynchophylline, alkaloids derived from herbal medicines, on cellular and molecular neurotoxicityof cocaine in PC12 cells." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43572248.
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Wang, Ning Michael, and 王宁. "The preventive and curative potential of berberine and coptis on humanhepatocellular carcinoma." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48079637.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the primary cancer of liver. It is the fifth common malignant tumor in men while seventh common in women. Aetiology of HCC is complex; however, it is now believed that sustained chronic liver injury and fibrosis are critically involved in the development of HCC. Prevention and treatment of HCC is far from desirable and prognosis remains poor. Coptis is a Chinese herbal Medicine which has been used for more than thousands years for clearing heats, dampness and toxics. Recently, studies from our group reported the hepatoprotective effect of Coptis and its major active component, berberine, on acute liver injury and berberine was extensively studied for their anti-tumor effect. However, there’s no comprehensive investigation focusing on the preventive and curative potential of berberine on HCC. Hence, here we hypothesized Coptis and berberine exhibits both preventive and curative effects on HCC. The prevention of HCC by berberine and Coptis may rely on their effects on chronic liver damage and fibrosis, and the curative action may depend on their actions on the angiogenesis, tumor growth and invasion of HCC. Both in vitro cell models and in vivo animal system were used in our study and some molecular events were investigated. We found that berberine and Coptis could significantly attenuate the chronic liver injury and fibrosis by restoring the anti-oxidative enzyme SOD activity in CCl4-, bile duct ligation- and alcohol-induced liver injury and fibrosis model. Recovery of SOD activity prevents the hepatocytes from apoptosis by inhibiting the oxidative stress-induced Erk1/2 signaling activation. The prevention of berberine and Coptis on chronic liver injury and fibrosis may contribute to its preventive effect against HCC. Then we found that berberine (as representative to Coptis) could suppress the angiogenesis of HCC, in which berberine does not directly act on the blood vessel formation, but suppress the expression and secretion of pro-angiogenic factors VEGF in HCC cells, and Id-1 inhibition by berberine plays a central role in the suppression of HIF-1α/VEGF and NF-κB pathways. We also found that berberine could induce both apoptotic and autophagic cell death in HCC, and the mitochondria related-caspases activation confers the apoptosis while mTOR inhibition initiates autophagy in berberine treated- cells. We found that berberine could suppress the migration and invasion of HCC cells as well, and Rho-GTPases/ROCK signaling is the particular target in berberine’s anti-invasive action. Finally, to dig out some molecular events involved in berberine’s action on HCC, we studied critically the mechanism underlying berberine’s inhibition on Cyclin D1 in HCC. We found berberine may promote the IKKα-induced Cyclin D1 phosphorylation at T286, and this may initiate the ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation of Cyclin D1 in berberine-treated HCC cells and contribute to berberine’s anti-HCC action. Critical clinical trials and OMICS techniques were planned to further our comprehensive study on Coptis and berberine’s effects on HCC. In all, we found that berberine targets on different stages and molecules and exerts preventive and curative potential against HCC. Our study sheds light on the clinical application of berberine in HCC treatment.published_or_final_version
Chinese Medicine
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
38
Chan, Chung-ling Pansy, and 陳鍾靈. "The long-term effects of yoga and aerobic exercise on cognitive function and clinical symptoms in early psychosis : a follow-up randomized control trial." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206585.
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Background: A study of the impact of yoga and aerobic exercise and psychosis was conducted in 2012 by Lin et al., from The University of Hong Kong. The study indicated significant improvement in the aspects of physical fitness, cognitive functions, psychosocial and emotional functioning in patients with psychosis after a 12-week yoga or aerobic intervention program. Long-term effect of exercise intervention, however, had yet been determined. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term effects of yoga and aerobic exercise on cognitive functioning and clinical symptoms in early psychosis. Patients who originally participated in Lin et al.’s 2012 study were recruited and re-assessed in this current 18-month follow-up study.
Methods: Two intervention groups (yoga and aerobic exercise group) and one control group (wait-list control group) of a total 57 subjects from the initial study were recruited in this follow-up study. Cognitive functioning and clinical symptoms were assessed at three time points (T1:Baseline, T2:12-week, T3:18-month).
Results: No significant changes or significant deterioration were found in cognitive functioning, clinical symptoms and depression between T2 (12-week) and T3 (18-month) in both intervention groups (yoga and aerobic group). Significant improvement of clinical symptoms was observed in wait-list control group at T3.
Conclusions: Although there is no significant finding in this current study, it is still recommended that further study on the relationship between physical exercise intervention and psychosis should carried out in order to explore other adjunct, and especially low cost, treatment to antipsychotics in treating people with psychosis.published_or_final_version
Psychological Medicine
Master
Master of Psychological Medicine
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Hall, Clifford Michael. "Relative efficacy of hydrocortisone and methylprednisolone in acute severe asthma." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25562.
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Meyer, Kevin J. "The relationship between therapists' use of humor and therapeutic alliance." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1186189837.
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Cowell, Richard Pennant Wynn. "Studies on the therapeutic use of pacing in myocardial dysfunction." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299473.
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Carvalho, George. "Studies on the inotropic effect of insulin and glucose : a new diet for the ischemic heart?" Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101840.
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The present project investigated the effect of glucose, high dose insulin and normoglycemia (GIN) therapy in patients undergoing coronary revascularization surgery. A reduction in myocardial injury as measured by cardiac troponin I was the primary end point. Cardiac function based on hemodynamics and vasoactive drug requirements as well as clinical outcome were evaluated. Hormones and metabolites and cardiac metabolism were investigated concurrently as potential mechanisms of GIN therapy. The major findings of the present study are that GIN therapy reduced post-operative myocardial injury and myocardial dysfunction leading to a decrease in major complications following coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. The mechanism of the overall improvement in cardiac function and decreased morbidity following CABG with GIN therapy is likely to be multi-factorial, but from the present results, is influenced by improved myocardial metabolism. GIN therapy is thus an effective diet for the ischemic heart.
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Braun, Marle. "Total antioxidant capacity of stewed tomato and onion flavoured with parsley: effect of thermal household processing." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/766.
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Thesis (MTech (Consumer Sciences: Food and Nutrition))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006Fruit and vegetables are the major antioxidant contributors to the diet Antioxidants assist in the prevention of oxidative damage in the body and may as a result prevent the causation of degenerative diseases. Thermal household processing plays an integral part in South African consumers' lives, as most fruit and vegetables consumed are processed at home. Consumers' perceptions that food processing causes nutrient losses, especially of vitamin C, have been corroborated by studies that investigated thermal household processing of single foods or that of industrial processing. No studies have determined the effect of thermal household processing on mixed dishes. A popular consumed South African mixed dish, namely, stewed tomato and onion flavoured with parsley, was investigated by using three recipes, each using a different preparation method. The traditional recipe for the preparation of stewed tomato and onion was modified (control recipe) to contain parsley. Two other recipes (Recipe 1 and 2) were compiled based on the recipe formulation of the control recipe but differed in the preparation methods used. In Recipe 1, raw onion was added to cooked tomato and in Recipe 2, sauteed onions were added to cooked tomato.
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Hu, Yaxin, and 胡亞欣. "Biophysical interactions between therapeutic ultrasound and live cell." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208032.
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Therapeutic ultrasound employs the acoustic energy carried by high-frequency mechanical wave to induce beneficial effects on living systems. This therapeutic approach is advantageous in that its energy could be remotely focused on the targeted tissue in a non-invasive manner. Although ultrasound therapy has been shown to be feasible and effective in both laboratory experiments and clinical trials, its safety and efficacy are still challenged by the lack of fundamental knowledge of how ultrasound wave exerts physical effects on the cell system and how the cell functionally responds to the ultrasound stimulation. Motivated by the above insight, this thesis aims to provide direct experimental evidence for illustrating the biophysical details of how ultrasound wave (alone or combined with microbubble) interacts with live cells.
An acoustic experimental platform with well-calibrated ultrasound field and live-cell imaging modality was developed to observe ultrasound-cell interaction. Based on this platform, a series of single-cell studies was then conducted to monitor the structural and functional changes of the live cell as well as its fluorescently-labelled components over the course of ultrasound exposure. Results obtained in this thesis provided image-level evidence for characterizing the ultrasound-cell interactions in the following three aspects. First, it was found that low-intensity ultrasound pulsing could directly perturb the plasma membrane, the cytoskeletal
network and the inner nucleus of live neuroblastoma cells. This cytomechanical perturbation would result in reversible and structural alternations of subcellular components. Second, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound, when applied on neuronal cells, could exert morphological impact through inducing neurite retraction and cell body displacement, and electrophysiological impact in the form of membrane depolarization and calcium influx. This finding verified the potential of ultrasound in modulating neuronal development and excitability. Last, the cell membrane perforation and resealing dynamics induced by the ultrasound-activated microbubble were visualized and characterized. The subsequent cellular responses to this ultrasound-induced sonoporation were also identified at both membrane and cytoskeleton levels.
The significance of this study is to provide direct and solid experimental evidence for understanding the biophysical interactions between ultrasound wave and live cell. This advanced scientific interpretation is definitely crucial for establishing the cellular mechanisms of therapeutic ultrasound and for providing technical insights into ultrasound treatment.published_or_final_version
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Zhang, Jingxuan, and 张静璇. "Therapeutic landscape in high-density urban environment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4754479X.
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Hong Kong’s compacted urban form brings about potential problems including mental illness. Meanwhile stressful life mainly originates from working pressure brought a lot of physical and mental problems for the people themselves and generating serious family and social problems. As more and more people start to aware mental health issue, the current mental health services system is no longer sustainable due to increasing number of patients. This thesis aims to excavate the potential for landscape to become element in healthcare delivery in the context of community as following: refine the definition of therapeutic landscape, define the scope of work, and identify components essential for therapeutic environment. Last but not least, dig out possible interpretation/physical form through set an example of a particular design introduce for a typical site.
Therapeutic landscape which introduce to community recreation system will become a new approach to backup mental health service system as well provide people more convenient and broad healthcare service to cultivate healthy personality. Thus promote community organic development to become a thoughtful and institutional environment.published_or_final_version
Architecture
Master
Master of Landscape Architecture
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Zolfaghari, Sara S. "The relationship between folic acid, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 intakes and depression in women who use hormonal oral contraceptives." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1604887.
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Depression is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, especially for women. No nutrition recommendations exist for depression. Oral contraceptives (OCs) have become the leading form of pregnancy prevention in the United States. Studies have associated OC use with impaired nutrient status, specifically folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6, which also affect brain functions. Dietary folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 self-reported intakes were used to determine the relationship between depression in women who used OCs (n = 34) in a selected cohort ( n = 409) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003–2008. OC users were more depressed than non-OC users; depression was associated with various quartile levels of vitamin intake (p <.001). No benefit was observed with intakes which exceeded RDAs for non-OC users; OC users were less depressed when intakes exceeded RDAs for folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 by 13%, 75%, and 7%, respectively.
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Peternelli, Loris. "The relationship between emotionality and in-session therapeutic phenomena." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0019/NQ37011.pdf.
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Chan, Wing-yan Veronica, and 陳詠恩. "An examination of neuroprotective effects of 17B-estradiol and extracts from Panax Quinquefolius L., Ginkgo Biloba and HypericumPerforatum against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)induced nigral-striatal neuronal degeneration." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3122720X.
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O’Gorman, Maurice R. G. "Reduced in vitro IgG secretion following in vivo injection of interferon (wellferon R) in multiple sclerosis patients." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24876.
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An in vitro IgG secretion assay was developed to investigate the regulation of the humoral immune response in humans. Pokeweed mitogen (PWM), a plant lectin derived from Phytolacca americana stimulates human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) to divide and resting B-lymphocytes to differentiate into immunoglobulin secreting cells (ISC). This differentiation requires that both monocytes and T-lymphocytes be present in the culture system. The amount of IgG secreted by these differentiated B-lymphocytes in response to PWM appears to be the net result of a balance between the functional activity of the regulatory T-helper and T-suppressor cells. Alterations, qualitative or quantitative in any of these leukocyte subsets could conceivably alter the amount of IgG secreted by the B-lymphocyte subpopulation.
We have employed this assay to investigate the immune status in a group of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and to assess the immunoregulatory effects of interferon (Wellferon R, INF) administered in vivo to this selected group. Their mononuclear cells (MNC) were studied in this PWM induced IgG secretion assay before INF treatment and again after 7 days of daily sub-cutaneous injections (5 X 10⁶ u/day). Twenty patients received the interferon (INF) preparation and eighteen received normal saline. The study was carried out in a double blind manner and the code was broken only after individual results had been calculated.Medicine, Faculty of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of
Graduate
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Faghihi, Shahabeddin. "Effects of crystal size and orientation of novel titanium-based substrates on cell adhesion : implication for medical implants." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111882.
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The high performance of bone implants depends on the positive response of osteoblasts to the surface of the materials manufactured for the implant. Cell response in turn strongly depends on the nature of the initial interaction of macromolecules involved in cell adhesion and proliferation with the atomic structure of the surface of the material used for the implant. The initial interaction between bone specific extracellular matrix proteins and the solid substrate influences cell response at the cell-implant interface. This interaction is crucial for implant stability, long-term durability, and osseointegration. Despite extensive research undertaken to develop high-quality material for implants in order to improve the cell-substrate interaction, little is known about the significance of the atomic structure of the substrate and the role of molecular machinery involved in cell-substrate interaction. Using a combined approach involving material sciences and cell and molecular biology, the objectives of this research are to evaluate the response of pre-osteoblast and fibroblast cell lines to novel bulk polycrystalline and single crystal titanium based material and assess the role of crystal size and orientation.Novel bulk nano-structured titanium substrates were produced by the process of high-pressure torsion (HPT). These materials have a significant advantage compared to conventional titanium-based materials by having higher surface wettablity, mechanical properties as well as a distinct surface oxide layer and atomic structure. A co-culture system was adapted to investigate the differential response of pre-osteoblast and fibroblast cell lines to titanium and titanium dioxide single-crystal substrates.
The results of this study provide clear evidence that crystal size and specific crystallographic orientation can be used to improve cell adhesion and proliferation. The nanostructured titanium substrates show strong interaction with pre-osteoblast cells as evident by the higher expression of fibronectin and the formation of extensive focal adhesion. Differential cell behaviour of pre-osteoblasts and fibroblasts are observed in cultures grown on the substrates with specific crystallographic orientations. The degree of cell attachment of the pre-osteoblasts is considerably higher on Ti-(1120) crystal face compared with the fibroblasts. These findings have profound implications for the improved osseointegration and inhibition of fibrosis leading to long-term implant consolidation and stability.