Academic literature on the topic 'Vitamin E – Physiological effect'

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Journal articles on the topic "Vitamin E – Physiological effect"

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Dawood, Tamara N. "Effect of vitamin C and/or vitamin B complex intake on some productive, physiological and reproductive traits in the female rabbits." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 39, no. 1 (June 4, 2015): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v39i1.188.

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The aim of this work was to establish the vital role of using vitamin B complex and/or vitamin C in the reproduction. Twenty female rabbits were used and they were divided randomly into four equal groups, all animals were fed 100 g of concentrate pellets diet/ head. The first group was offered drinking water free of vitamins, (control group), second group was supplied with water containing vitamin C (40 mg/ 100ml water/ head), third group was supplied with water containing vitamin B complex (0.5 ml/100ml/head), and fourth group was water supplied containing 20 mg of vitamin C and 0.25 ml of vitamin B complex/100 ml water/head. At the beginning of the experiment, male rabbits were introduced to the females for mating for one hour at morning daily for two weeks before the food and water were supplied. The results revealed that, body weight of all groups increased progressively with age. The treated groups gained insignificantly more than the control group, the second and fourth group showed higher but insignificant. In second and third group caused significant increase in PCV, Hb, WBCs, lymphocyte percentage and decrease in neutrophil, monocyte and eosinophil percentages compared with the control group. However, blood glucose and serum cholesterol levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in second and fourth group when compared with first group. While vitamins groups caused insignificant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity enzyme. However, the treated groups showed significantly higher fertility rate and reproductive efficiency ratio compared with the control group and numerically higher in prolificacy ratio (%). But third and fourth group showed better prolificacy and reproductive efficiency ratio than the second group
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Tack, Christopher, Faye Shorthouse, and Lindsy Kass. "The Physiological Mechanisms of Effect of Vitamins and Amino Acids on Tendon and Muscle Healing: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 28, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 294–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0267.

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Aims/Objectives: To evaluate the current literature via systematic review to ascertain whether amino acids/vitamins provide any influence on musculotendinous healing and if so, by which physiological mechanisms. Methods: EBSCO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase Classic/Embase, and MEDLINE were searched using terms including “vitamins,” “amino acids,” “healing,” “muscle,” and “tendon.” The primary search had 479 citations, of which 466 were excluded predominantly due to nonrandomized design. Randomized human and animal studies investigating all supplement types/forms of administration were included. Critical appraisal of internal validity was assessed using the Cochrane risk of Bias Tool or the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation Risk of Bias Tool for human and animal studies, respectively. Two reviewers performed duel data extraction. Results: Twelve studies met criteria for inclusion: eight examined tendon healing and four examined muscle healing. All studies used animal models, except two human trials using a combined integrator. Narrative synthesis was performed via content analysis of demonstrated statistically significant effects and thematic analysis of proposed physiological mechanisms of intervention. Vitamin C/taurine demonstrated indirect effects on tendon healing through antioxidant activity. Vitamin A/glycine showed direct effects on extracellular matrix tissue synthesis. Vitamin E shows an antiproliferative influence on collagen deposition. Leucine directly influences signaling pathways to promote muscle protein synthesis. Discussion: Preliminary evidence exists, demonstrating that vitamins and amino acids may facilitate multilevel changes in musculotendinous healing; however, recommendations on clinical utility should be made with caution. All animal studies and one human study showed high risk of bias with moderate interobserver agreement (k = 0.46). Currently, there is limited evidence to support the use of vitamins and amino acids for musculotendinous injury. Both high-quality animal experimentation of the proposed mechanisms confirming the physiological influence of supplementation and human studies evaluating effects on tissue morphology and biochemistry are required before practical application.
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Doseděl, Martin, Eduard Jirkovský, Kateřina Macáková, Lenka Krčmová, Lenka Javorská, Jana Pourová, Laura Mercolini, Fernando Remião, Lucie Nováková, and Přemysl Mladěnka. "Vitamin C—Sources, Physiological Role, Kinetics, Deficiency, Use, Toxicity, and Determination." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020615.

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Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) has been known as an antioxidant for most people. However, its physiological role is much larger and encompasses very different processes ranging from facilitation of iron absorption through involvement in hormones and carnitine synthesis for important roles in epigenetic processes. Contrarily, high doses act as a pro-oxidant than an anti-oxidant. This may also be the reason why plasma levels are meticulously regulated on the level of absorption and excretion in the kidney. Interestingly, most cells contain vitamin C in millimolar concentrations, which is much higher than its plasma concentrations, and compared to other vitamins. The role of vitamin C is well demonstrated by miscellaneous symptoms of its absence—scurvy. The only clinically well-documented indication for vitamin C is scurvy. The effects of vitamin C administration on cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infections are rather minor or even debatable in the general population. Vitamin C is relatively safe, but caution should be given to the administration of high doses, which can cause overt side effects in some susceptible patients (e.g., oxalate renal stones). Lastly, analytical methods for its determination with advantages and pitfalls are also discussed in this review.
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Schümann. "Interactions Between Drugs and Vitamins at Advanced Age." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 69, no. 3 (May 1, 1999): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.69.3.173.

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Drug consumption increases at advanced age due to increased morbidity. At the same time the state of repletion is reduced for several vitamins. Physiological and kinetic alterations in the elderly are reviewed in order to analyse possible interrelations between these two phenomena. At high age the status of all vitamins is compromised by reduced food intake. Decreased active intestinal transport and an increased propensity for atrophic gastritis may reduce the absorption of vitamins A, B1, folate and B12. Decreased exposure to sunlight and reduced cutaneous synthesis impair the vitamin D status. Studies on the state of vitamin repletion in hospital patients indicate a specific response of vitamins A, B1, B6 and C to drug administration at advanced age. Reduced food intake in the elderly is further compromised by drugs that impair appetite and absorption. Anticonvulsives and other drugs that induce hepatic microsomal enzymes accelerate vitamin D metabolism and aggravate postmenopausal osteoporosis. Acid inhibiting agents increase achlorhydria and reduce vitamin B12 absorption. Renal clearance of acidic drugs such as acetylsalicylic acid and barbituric acid, which is impaired at high age, is further reduced by high doses of vitamin C. Vitamin B6 reduces the therapeutic effect of L-dopa. When recognised, the negative effects of drug-vitamin interactions can be compensated by adequate vitamin supplementation and by adaptation of drug dosing.
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Martens, Pieter-Jan, Conny Gysemans, Annemieke Verstuyf, and Chantal Mathieu. "Vitamin D’s Effect on Immune Function." Nutrients 12, no. 5 (April 28, 2020): 1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051248.

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Ever since its discovery by Windhaus, the importance of the active metabolite of vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; 1,25-(OH)2D3) has been ever expanding. In this review, the attention is shifted towards the importance of the extra-skeletal effects of vitamin D, with special emphasis on the immune system. The first hint of the significant role of vitamin D on the immune system was made by the discovery of the presence of the vitamin D receptor on almost all cells of the immune system. In vitro, the overwhelming effect of supra-physiological doses of vitamin D on the individual components of the immune system is very clear. Despite these promising pre-clinical results, the translation of the in vitro observations to solid clinical effects has mostly failed. Nevertheless, the evidence of a link between vitamin D deficiency and adverse outcomes is overwhelming and clearly points towards avoidance of vitamin D deficiency especially in early life.
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Rey, Ana I., José Francisco Segura, David Castejón, Encarnación Fernández-Valle, Mª Isabel Cambero, and Luis Calvo. "Vitamin D3 Supplementation in Drinking Water Prior to Slaughter Improves Oxidative Status, Physiological Stress, and Quality of Pork." Antioxidants 9, no. 6 (June 26, 2020): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060559.

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The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of vitamin D3 administration in drinking water during lairage time prior to slaughter on physiological stress, oxidative status, and pork quality characteristics. Two experiments were carried out. The first one was performed to examine the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation in drinking water, and the second one to check the effect of supplementation dose (500,000 IU/L vs. 700,000 IU/L). Serum calcium concentration was greater in pigs receiving vitamin D3 in water when compared to the control group. In experiment 1, a 40% α-tocopherol increase in meat from the group supplemented with vitamin D3 (500,000 IU/animal) was observed, that resulted in a tendency of decreased meat malondialdehyde (MDA) values at days 5 and 8 after refrigerated storage. In experiment 2, since water intake was higher (800,000 IU and 1,120,000 IU/animal of vitamin D3 consumption) effects on oxidative status were more profound and vitamin D3 supplementation increased serum α-tocopherol and decreased cortisol and serum TBARS. These effects were also observed in meat; TBARS levels were decreased after 3 days of refrigerated storage. In both experiments meat from pigs that received vitamin D3 in drinking water had a lower proportion of total free-polyunsaturated fatty acids (mainly n-6) when compared to the unsupplemented pigs, and these were positively correlated with TBARS production at day 5 of refrigerated storage (r = 0.53 and 0.38 for experiments 1 and 2, respectively). Meat from pigs receiving vitamin D3 in water showed reduced cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness values compared to the control group. The magnetic resonance imaging study of muscle confirmed the effects on water retention with lesser transverse relaxation time in pigs supplemented with vitamin D3. No vitamin D3 dose effect was observed, apart from muscle α-tocopherol concentration that was higher in pigs supplemented with 700,000 compared to those supplemented with 500,000 UI/L.
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Bakleicheva, Margarita O., Irina V. Kovaleva, Olesya N. Bespalova, and Igor Yu Kogan. "The effect of vitamin D on women’s reproductive health." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 67, no. 3 (December 15, 2018): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd6734-19.

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Background. According to WHO data (2014), more than two billion people are deficient in microelements or have a “hidden hunger” due to the deficiencies of vitamins and minerals. Currently, experts estimate the vitamin D deficiency as a new type of pandemic of the XXI century. Aim. The current analysis was undertaken to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on women’s reproductive health. Materials and Methods. Based on the findings of retrospective and prospective studies, meta-analyzes, and material trials over the past 20 years, as well as in accordance with the results of 290 prospective cohort randomized trials, the level of vitamin D affects 172 basic physiological indicators associated with the risk of such complications of pregnancy as miscarriage, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and bacterial vaginosis. Results. Vitamin D has been shown to be able to act as an immune regulator during the implantation. The placenta produces and responds to vitamin D, which has a local anti-inflammatory response and simultaneously induces the production of decidual growth factors for successful pregnancy. Activated T- and B-lymphocytes have the vitamin D receptors and therefore 1,25(OH)2D is an effective modulator in the immune system. It is able to inhibit the proliferation of Th1 and to restrict the production of such cytokines as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). In addition, vitamin D is able to induce cytokines of Th2 that have the protective effect on pregnancy. Conclusion. Adequate vitamin D intake is important for the successful conception and prolongation of pregnancy, as well as for the health of the fetus and newborn.
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Nikolaidis, Michalis G., Chad M. Kerksick, Manfred Lamprecht, and Steven R. McAnulty. "Does Vitamin C and E Supplementation Impair the Favorable Adaptations of Regular Exercise?" Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/707941.

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The detrimental outcomes associated with unregulated and excessive production of free radicals remains a physiological concern that has implications to health, medicine and performance. Available evidence suggests that physiological adaptations to exercise training can enhance the body’s ability to quench free radicals and circumstantial evidence exists to suggest that key vitamins and nutrients may provide additional support to mitigate the untoward effects associated with increased free radical production. However, controversy has risen regarding the potential outcomes associated with vitamins C and E, two popular antioxidant nutrients. Recent evidence has been put forth suggesting that exogenous administration of these antioxidants may be harmful to performance making interpretations regarding the efficacy of antioxidants challenging. The available studies that employed both animal and human models provided conflicting outcomes regarding the efficacy of vitamin C and E supplementation, at least partly due to methodological differences in assessing oxidative stress and training adaptations. Based on the contradictory evidence regarding the effects of higher intakes of vitamin C and/or E on exercise performance and redox homeostasis, a permanent intake of non-physiological dosages of vitamin C and/or E cannot be recommended to healthy, exercising individuals.
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Abu-Zaiton, Ahmed Saber, Ahed J. Alkhatib, Suha K. Ababneh, and Faisal Kanaan. "Physiological Interactions Of Calcium And Vitamin D In Colon." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 24 (August 30, 2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n24p49.

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This study aimed to review the literature about possible physiological interactions of calcium and vitamin D in colon. Previous studies have indicated to protective effects of vitamin D and calcium in case of colon cancers. We wanted to check the physiological effects of both of vitamin D and calcium, and either of each of them alone. We suggested effects of metabolism through induction of changes in the levels of various biomarkers that have influences in carcinogenesis including p53, heat shock proteins, iNOS and WT1 gene.
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Tamura, Tetsuya, Gail Otulakowski, and Brian P. Kavanagh. "Could nanotechnology make vitamin E therapeutically effective?" American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 316, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): L1—L5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00430.2018.

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Vitamin E (VitE) has important antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and is necessary for normal physiological function. α-Tocopherol (α-T), the predominant form of VitE in human tissues, has been extensively studied. Other VitE forms, particularly γ-tocopherol (γ-T), are also potent bioactive molecules. The effects are complex, involving both reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, but trials of VitE have been generally negative. We propose that a nanoparticle approach to delivery of VitE might provide effective delivery and therapeutic effect.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vitamin E – Physiological effect"

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Howell, Anne C. "Effects of antioxidant vitamin treatment on UV-irradiated cells." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/941360.

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Ultraviolet (UV) radiation damages both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells by causing the formation of free radicals which damage cell membranes and DNA. Antioxidant vitamins have been shown to protect cells from UV-induced damage by scavenging free radicals. The protection of skin and its normal flora is necessary for the health of individuals in resisting diseases caused by microorganisms and delaying the long-term damage caused by UV radiation.This research investigated the effects of the antioxidants vitamin A and ascorbic acid, as well as UV-irradiation on both prokaryotic (Staphylococcus epidermidis) cells and eukaryotic (human fibroblast skin) cells. This information is important in determining the effects of vitamin treatment on skin and its normal flora.Results indicate that ascorbic acid is rapidly (within six hours) degraded after being dissolved in water or medium. Treatment of cells with ascorbic acid must take into account this rapid degradation. S.epidermidis cells were protected from UV-induced damage by treatment with ascorbic acid but were more sensitive to UV-irradiation when treated with vitamin A. Human fibroblast cells treated with ascorbic acid did not exhibit morphological changes when compared to untreated cells.
Department of Biology
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Bryant, Rebecca Jane. "Effects of vitamins E and C on exercise-induced lipid peroxidation." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1020147.

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The aim of this study was to examine whether vitamins E (200 IU) and C (1 g) in combination would influence exercise-induced lipid peroxidation to a greater extent than vitamin E (400 IU) alone. A placebo-controlled study was carried out on 7 collegiate cyclists who were supplemented with 1) vitamin C (1 g); 2) vitamins E (200 IU) and C (1 g); and vitamin E (400 IU) during 3 treatments, each 3 weeks in duration. The serum concentrations of hematocrit and MDA, one marker of lipid peroxidation, were measured immediately before, immediately after, and 24 hours after each exercise bout. After the vitamin C treatment, MDA serum concentration of the athletes (n=7) increased 85% above the baseline values of the placebo values, the vitamin E/C treatment showed a 29% increase, and the vitamin E treatment showed a 39% decrease. Pre- to post-exercise serum MDA levels increased 64% in the placebo group, a 29% increase in the vitamin C treatment group, a 23.2% increase in the vitamins E/C treatment group, and a 46.9% increase in the vitamin E treatment group. It is concluded that exercise-induced lipid peroxidation is more greatly influenced post-exercise by a combination of vitamins E (200 IU) and C (1 g), than by either vitamin C (1 g) alone, or vitamin E (400 IU) alone.
Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
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Winmill, Catherine Anne 1955. "EFFICACY OF CALCIUM AND VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION IN REDUCING DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE IN A MILD HYPERTENSIVE MALE POPULATION." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276386.

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Abel, Stefan. "The physiological effect of vitamin B12 deficiency in human blood." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/69031.

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Thesis (MSc) -- Stellenbosch University, 1990.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The main aim of this workpiece was to establish the physiological parameters against which a vitamin Bu deficiency could be measured. A comparison between the hematological values of healthy patients and those suffering from pernicious anemia due to vitamin Bu deficiency was done. A specific case of pernicious anemia was used in the comparison of abnormal values to the values of normal healthy patients. The comparison consisted of blood analyses with the help of specified instruments, photomicrographs of bone marrow and blood smears and statistical data. A Coulter Counter Model ZF was used for the hematological analyses of blood, a radio-isotope assay for serum vitamin B u was done and photomicrographs were taken with a NIKON Microflex camera with photomicrographic attachments. The importance of vitamin Bu has been shown in this workpiece. With the use of techniques and certain instruments, the effects of a shortage of vitamin Bu has been shown. Analyses of the blood from normal ,healthy patients was compared to that of patients suffering from pernicious anemia. It was demonstrated that pernicious anemia is characterized by a low erythrocyte count, hematocrit (Het), hemoglobin (Hb) and vitamin Bu levels together with a higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). In severe cases of pernicious anemia these levels are extremely high or low as the case may be. Together with these values, the investigation of pernicious anemic blood and bone marrow smears revealed abnormally large erythrocyte precursors and fewer leucocytes than normal. Abnormally shaped cells, called macrocytes, were seen which was due to the disruption in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis caused by the vitamin Bu deficiency. This study produced a set of hematological reference values. The comparative study between healthy and pernicious anemic patients demonstrated a significant drop in serum vitamin B12 values during pernicious anemia. The hematological effect was illustrated by the Coulter Counter blood analysis results and the microscopic examination revealed the presence of megaloblastic erythrocytes, oval erythrocytes, pear-shaped poikilocytes and polymorphonuclear neutropbils with hypersegmented nuclei in blood smears I during vitamin B12 deficiency. This dianoses can be supported by the presence of megaloblasts and metamyelocytes in pernicious anemic bone marrow.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hoof doel van hierdie werkstuk was om fisiologiese grense te bepaal waarteen 'n vitamien B12 tekort gemeet kan word. 'n Vergelyking tussen die hematologiese waardes van gesonde persone en die van pasiente met pernisieuse anemie wat ontstaan het as gevolg van 'n vitamien B12 tekort was uitgevoer. Die waardes verkry vanaf 'n spesifieke geval van pernisieuse anemie. was vergelyk met waardes vanaf normale gesonde persone. Hierdie vergelyking het bestaan uit bloed analises, fotomikrograwe van bloed en beenmurg smere en statistiese data. Die hematologiese bloed analises was met behulp van 'n Coulter Teller model ZF uitgevoer. 'n Radio-isotoop bepaling vir serum vitamien B12 was gedoen en fotomikrograwe was met 'n NIKON Microflex kamera geneem. Die belang van 'n vitamien B12 tekort was in hierdie werkstuk gedemonstreer. Die effek van hierdie tekort is deur die gebruik van sekere instrumente en tegnieke aangedui en die resultate hiervan is vergelyk tussen gesonde persone en pasiente met 'n vitamien B12 tekort. Hierdie studie het bevestig dat pernisieuse anemie gekenmerk word deur verlaagde eritrosiet, hematokrit (Het), hemoglobien (Hb) en vitamien B12 vlakke tesame met verhoogde gemene korpuskulere hemoglobien (GKH) en gemene korpuskulere volume (GKV) vlakke. Gedurende ernstige gevalle van pernisieuse anemie kan hierdie waardes uitermatig hoog of laag wees. Benewens hierdie waardes het die ondersoek van bloed en beenmurg gedurende vitamien B12 tekort, abnormale groot eritrosiet voorgangers en 'n verminderde hoeveelheid leukosiete getoon. Abnormale sel vorms was ook sigbaar a.g.v. die onderbreking in DNA sintese wat deur 'n vitamien B12 tekort veroorsaak word. Pernisieuse anemie word verkry wanneer daar 'n vitamien B12 en/of folaat tekort in die dieet is of wanneer hierdie vitamiene nie geabsorbeer kan word nie. Die teenwoordigheid van makrosiete, ovaal eritrosiete, peervormige poikilosiete en polimorfonuklere neutrofiele met hipergesegmenteerde keme in bloedsmere dui op 'n megaloblastiese anemie. Hierdie diagnose kan ondersteun word deur die aanwesigheid van megaloblaste en reuse metamielosiete in die beenmurg. Die bepaling van vitamien B12 en folaat vlakke in die bloed kan as addisionele bewysstukke vir 'n volledige diagnose dien. Gedurende hierdie studie is daar 'n stel hematologiese verwysingswaardes vasgestel. Die vergelykende studie tussen gesonde persone en pasiente met pernisieuse anemie het getoon dat daar 'n beduidende verlaging in serum vitamien B12 waardes gedurende pernisieuse anemie is. Die hematologiese effek was ook duidelik waameembaar in die Coulter teller se bloed analiese en mikroskopiese ondersoeke het die · teenwoordigheid van makrosiete, ovaal eritrosiete, peervormige poikilosiete en polimorfenuklere neutrofiele met hipersegmenteerde keme in bloedsmere aangedui. Hierdie diagnose kan ondersteun word deur die aanwesigheid van megaloblaste en reuse metamielosiete in die beenmurg.
This study was financially aided by a bursary from the CSIR.
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Farmer, Bertrand. "The status of beta carotene and vitamin A in Quebec dairy herds and their effects on reproductive performance /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63167.

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Morton, Lincoln William. "The role of dietary phenolic compounds in the detoxification of reactive nitrogen species." University of Western Australia. Dept. of Medicine, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2003.0026.

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[Truncated abstract. Please see the pdf format for the complete text.] Interest in the role of peroxynitrite in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has increased due to many in vitro studies which have demonstrated its potent oxidising and nitrating capability and immunohistochemical staining studies which demonstrate nitration of tyrosine in vivo. It is frequently suggested that the production of nitric oxide and superoxide at sites of inflammation implicates peroxynitrite as the major damaging reactive nitrogen species in vivo. Evidence for a role for peroxynitrite is often demonstrated by measurement of 3-nitrotyrosine yet even this cannot distinguish peroxynitrite from other nitrating species. Clearly, however, if peroxynitrite is important in atherogenesis, then identification of mechanisms for its detoxification could provide a means of preventing such effects. Therefore, this Thesis has sought to determine whether phenolic compounds of dietary origin can be preferentially nitrated by reactive nitrogen species thereby protecting endogenous structures, such as low density lipoproteins, from atherogenic modifications. This Thesis focuses upon phenolic acids as they have received relatively less attention than other classes of phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, yet they are quite abundant in socially important beverages such as red wine. In order to complete the required analyses, the development of methods to detect phenolic acids and their nitration products together with 3-nitrotyrosine, dityrosine and 5-nitro-γ-tocopherol was necessary. The initial in vitro experiments described herein sought to determine the products of reaction of peroxynitrite with phenolic acids of the 4-hydroxy and 3,4-dihydroxy type and then to examine whether these products could account for a protective effect upon tyrosine, lipids and endogenous anti-oxidants, if any was observed, when isolated LDL was treated with SIN-1, which releases peroxynitrite through the simultaneous generation of nitric oxide and superoxide. A concurrent minor focus was to examine the relationship between structure and activity of these phenolic acids under various regimes of oxidative insult. These experiments indicate that, at least in this in vitro model, oxidation is a dominant mechanism over nitration. Peroxynitrite was shown to nitrate coumaric acid in moderate yields but exclusive oxidation of caffeic acid appeared to occur. Although a potential role for γ-tocopherol as an anti-nitration agent was inferred, all types of chemical treatment of LDL in the presence of phenolic acids yielded oxidation as the primary end point. In fact, nitration of tyrosine was not detected and nitration of coumaric acid was at the limit of detection. Since nitration of tyrosine is generally regarded as important in many disease states, a more physiological nitrating mechanism involving artificially stimulated neutrophils was used. This system demonstrated that although physiologically relevant reactive nitrogen species can result in nitration of phenolic compounds, in a complex system including biological structures (LDL) and phenolic compounds, oxidation but not nitration of all species appears to occur. As a consequence of the results above, an examination of carotid plaque was undertaken to determine to what extent nitration occurred relative to oxidation in atherosclerotic tissue. These studies applied methods developed herein to detect 3-nitrotyrosine and dityrosine in complex biological matrices as markers of nitration and oxidation respectively. The data obtained demonstrated that nitration was a minor modification of protein (0.01%) compared to oxidation (0.3%) even in a highly diseased tissue such as carotid artery plaque. A secondary study examining plasma revealed that dityrosine, which has been implicated in irreversible albumin aggregation in chronic renal failure and more recently in heart disease, is elevated in chronic renal failure subjects compared to well matched controls. A separate examination of plasma from healthy subjects revealed that in both the fasting and post prandial state 3-nitrotyrosine could not be detected and, in fact, interfering species could be problematic in the GC-MS analysis of 3-nitrotyrosine. The lack of nitration of any substrate observed in vitro using reactive nitrogen species generated in the aqueous phase, the relative lack of nitration of tyrosine in plaque proteins and the lipophilicity of nitric oxide, the precursor of all reactive nitrogen species, suggested that nitration could be more closely associated with lipid structures. The known ability of γ-tocopherol to form 5-nitro-γ-tocopherol was used to probe this concept. The 5-nitro-γ-tocopherol content of lipid extracts obtained from carotid artery plaques was very high (30%). This indicated that nitration is predominantly a lipid phase phenomenon and that nitrating species are present in much greater abundance than oxidising species in vivo.
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Avery, Neva G. "The effects of vitamin E supplementation on the recovery from repeated bouts of resistance exercise." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1231405.

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The purpose of this study was to examine collegiate female swimmers' attitudes toward gender and coaching. The study also examined the coaching styles of male and females coaches and determined whether a difference between styles existed. A purposeful sample of 250 female swimmers from the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 2001-2002 swimming season participated in the study. Swimmers were required to have been coached by both female and male coaches in order to be eligible to participate. Addressing the purpose of this study, participants were asked to complete a 30-item questionnaire developed by the researcher. Frequency counts revealed that 23 of the 57 participants preferred a male coach to a female coach. Only two individuals reported their preference for a female with 32 participants citing no gender preference. Two sections, including 14 questions for each gender on the Gender Preference Instrument, assessed coaching style. Independent t -tests were calculated on each question (p < .05). Eight significant gender differences were observed on coaching styles, with the participating athletes scoring the male coach higher on all of the eight categories.
School of Physical Education
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Poirier, Johanne 1959. "The effects of selenium and vitamin E intake on diet-induced oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31526.

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To examine the effects of fat composition and supplemental vitamin E (Vit E) and selenium (Se) on in vivo lipid peroxidation, diet-induced hypercholesterolemia, and glutathione (GSH) metabolism, male Syrian hamsters were fed for three weeks butter fat (BF-) or fish oil- (FO-)based diets supplemented with Vit E and/or Se. The effect of supplemental Vit E and Se on tissue lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and GSH concentrations differed between heart and liver and also was affected by dietary fat. The reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio was more consistently associated with tissue lipid peroxidation than was tissue Vit E content. Plasma lipids were lowered with supplemental Se and Vit E. Se supplementation, however, exerted a more potent hypolipidemic effect than Vit E. A pro-oxidative action of Se in hearts of FO-fed hamsters was noted, which was inhibited by supplemental Vit E. Hence, the combination of Vit E and Se may offer the most benefit against diet-induced oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia.
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Clarke, Michael William. "Vitamin E metabolism in humans." University of Western Australia. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0191.

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[Truncated abstract] Vitamin E is comprised of a family of tocopherols (TOH) and tocotrienols. The most studied of these is [alpha]-tocopherol ([alpha]-TOH), as this form is retained within the body and any deficiency of vitamin E is corrected with this supplement. [alpha]-TOH is a lipid-soluble antioxidant required for the preservation of cell membranes and potentially acts as a defense against oxidative stress. Individuals who have a primary vitamin E deficiency such as low birth weight infants, secondary vitamin E deficiency due to fat malabsorption such as in abetalipoproteinaemia, or a genetic defect in TOH transport require supplementation. There is debate as to whether vitamin E supplementation in other patient groups is required. Vitamin E supplementation has been recommended for persons with FHBL, a rare disorder of lipoprotein metabolism that leads to low serum [alpha]-TOH and decreased LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations. We examined the effect of truncated apoB variants on vitamin E metabolism and oxidative stress in persons with heterozygous FHBL. We used HPLC with electrochemical detection to measure [alpha]- and [gamma]-TOH in serum, erythrocytes, and platelets, and GC-MS to measure urinary F2-isoprostanes and TOH metabolites as markers of oxidative stress and TOH intake, respectively. Erythrocyte [alpha]-TOH was decreased, but we observed no differences in lipid-adjusted serum TOHs, erythrocyte [gamma]-TOH, platelet [alpha]- or [gamma]-TOH, urinary F2-isoprostanes, or TOH metabolites. Taken together, our findings do not support the recommendation that persons with heterozygous FHBL should receive vitamin E supplementation. ... Sesame lignans are natural components of sesame seed oil and there is evidence that these lignans can inhibit CYP450 enzymes, in particular, those responsible for vitamin E metabolism. We hypothesised that sesame seed ingestion would increase serum [gamma]-TOH, lower plasma lipids and inhibit platelet function in human subjects with at least one cardiovascular risk factor. We used HPLC with electrochemical detection to measure [alpha]- and -TOH in serum and GC-MS to measure F2-isoprostanes and TOH metabolites as markers of oxidative stress and TOH intake, respectively. We used high-sensitive C-reactive protein as a measure of systemic inflammation. Platelet function was assessed using the PFA-100 platelet aggregation assay. Although serum [gamma]-TOH increased by 17%, we observed no effect on lipid metabolism, markers of inflammation, oxidative stress or platelet function following treatment with ~25 g/day sesame seeds for five weeks. Our findings challenge the hypothesis that sesame seed ingestion provides beneficial cardiovascular effects. In summary, we have studied the metabolism and transport of both [alpha]- and [gamma]-TOH in humans to evaluate the requirements for supplementation and the effects of vitamin E on platelet function and CYP3A4 activity. Specialised techniques using HPLC were developed to measure serum and cellular TOH concentrations both in supplemented and un-supplemented individuals. We also used GCMS to provide a sensitive, accurate assessment of TOH metabolites and midazolam pharmacokinetics in humans after vitamin E supplementation. We have examined the role vitamin E has on important biochemical endpoints, with emphasis on the implications for TOH supplementation in subjects at risk of CVD.
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Eiselstein, Emily M. "The effects of vitamin E supplementation and/or resistance exercise on insulin responsiveness in the elderly." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1239215.

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This purpose of this study was to determine the effects of vitamin E and/or resistance exercise on insulin resistance and glucose uptake. Nine subjects, who were currently active but not strength training, were assigned to either the vitamin E or placebo group based on their prescreening measurements. Subjects underwent a 3-week vitamin E washout period before testing. At baseline testing subjects were given a 75-gram glucose load and blood was drawn every 15-minutes for 2-hours to analyze insulin and glucose response. Another oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed 45minutes after a 50-minute full body progressive resistance training session to determine insulin and glucose response to exercise. Subjects ingested either the placebo (3 capsules of olive oil) or 1200 IU vitamin E (3 capsules) for 9-weeks. After 3-weeks of supplementation the subjects returned for another exercising OGTT. After this session the subjects began a 6-week progressive resistance exercise program, in which they performed another OGTT after the last session. Both groups showed a significant increase in strength gains pre and post resistance training. The statistical analysis failed to demonstrate any differences between groups in insulin or glucose response in any of the four OGTT trials, but there were multiple trends present. Combining vitamin E supplementation with resistance training increased insulin sensitivity and the disposal of glucose. Both groups also had significant strength gains from pre to post study. Future research is needed for verification of these trends.
School of Physical Education
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Books on the topic "Vitamin E – Physiological effect"

1

Jean, Pamplin, ed. Vitamin B6 therapy. Garden City Park, N.Y: Avery Pub. Group, 1999.

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Vitamin E: Everything you need to know. Allentown, Pa: People's Medical Society, 1998.

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Vitamin C: Everything you need to know. Allentown, Pa: People's Medical Society, 1998.

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The vitamin C controversy: Questions and answers. Wichita, Kan: Bio-Communications Press, 1988.

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Hester, Mundis, ed. Earl Mindell's new vitamin bible. New York: Grand Central Life & Style, 2011.

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1920-, Burns John J., Rivers Jerry M, Machlin Lawrence J. 1927-, and New York Academy of Sciences., eds. Third Conference on Vitamin C. New York, N.Y: New York Academy of Sciences, 1987.

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Pinto, M. L. Vitamin A and lung development. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science, 2010.

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Vitamin E: Your protection against exercise fatigue, weakened immunity, heart disease, cancer, aging, diabetic damage, environmental toxins. New York: Three Rivers Press, 1998.

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Klenner, Frederick R. Clinical guide to the use of vitamin C: The clinical experiences of Frederick R. Klenner, M.D. [Tacoma, Wash.?]: Life Sciences Press, 1991.

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1934-, Suttie J. W., ed. Current advances in vitamin K research: Proceedings of the Seventeenth Steenbock Symposium held June 21st through June 25th, 1987, at the University of Wisconsin--Madison, U.S.A. New York: Elsevier, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Vitamin E – Physiological effect"

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Ball, G. F. M. "Physiological aspects of vitamin bioavailability." In Bioavailability and Analysis of Vitamins in Foods, 1–31. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3414-7_1.

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Ikeda, Saiko. "CHAPTER 18. Interference Effect of Vitamin E on Vitamin K Metabolism." In Vitamin E, 257–65. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788016216-00257.

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Haas, W., and W. P. Voigt. "Host Finding — A Physiological Effect." In Parasitology in Focus, 454–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09200-2_8.

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Lappe, Joan M., and Robert P. Heaney. "The Anti-cancer Effect of Vitamin D: What Do the Randomized Trials Show?" In Vitamin D, 841–50. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-303-9_45.

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Rucker, Robert, Tracy Stites, Francene Steinberg, and Alyson Mitchell. "Physiological Importance of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone." In Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Vitamin B6 and PQQ-dependent Proteins, 61–66. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8397-9_10.

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Hutter, O. F. "The Gaskell Effect and a Hundred Years On." In Advances in Physiological Research, 69–90. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9492-5_5.

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Baldanzi, E. "Physiological and Psychological Effect of Light." In Sustainable Indoor Lighting, 285–301. London: Springer London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6633-7_15.

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Weiss, Michael. "Physiological Modelling and the Effect Site." In On the Study and Practice of Intravenous Anaesthesia, 3–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9604-6_1.

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Scott, Thomas R. "The effect of physiological need on taste." In Taste, experience, and feeding., 45–61. Washington: American Psychological Association, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10075-004.

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Holford, Nicholas H. G. "Physiological Alternatives to the Effect Compartment Model." In Advanced Methods of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Systems Analysis, 55–59. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9021-4_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Vitamin E – Physiological effect"

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Bellocchia, Michela, Monica Boita, Filippo Patrucco, Cinzia Ferrero, Giulia Verri, Daniela Libertucci, Francesco Coni, Giuseppe Tabbia, Alessio Mattei, and Caterina Bucca. "Vitamin D deficiency and COPD exacerbations: Effect of vitamin D supplementation." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa3961.

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Raylyan, A., and A. Borsukov. "PHYSIOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE ROLE OF VITAMIN D3 IN THE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OF WOMEN." In MODERN PROBLEMS IN SYSTEMIC REGULATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS. NPG Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24108/5-2019-confnf-67.

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Kostrova, G. N., S. I. Malyavskaya, and A. V. Lebedev. "PARAMETERS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN YOUNG PEOPLE LIVING IN THE ARCTIC REGION." In MODERN PROBLEMS IN SYSTEMIC REGULATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS. NPG Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24108/5-2019-confnf-44.

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Sakurai, R., E. Shin, JS Torday, and VK Rehan. "Physiologic Vitamin D Hormone 1α,25(OH)2D3Has Spatial- and Temporal-Specific Effects during Perinatal Pulmonary Maturation." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a2632.

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Davoodabadi, Abdoulhossein. "Effect of Vitamin C and vitamin E on Lung Contusion: acohort, prospective Randomized Clinical Trial study." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa1749.

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Milivojevic, Milan S., Ana M. Gavrovska, and Irini S. Reljin. "The music effect differentiation in physiological signals." In 2016 13th Symposium on Neural Networks and Applications (NEUREL). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/neurel.2016.7800129.

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Maurtgi, Moustafa, Sharlina binti Mohamad, Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd Noor, and Norehan Mokhtar. "Effect of vitamin E on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts." In TRANSLATIONAL CRANIOFACIAL CONFERENCE 2016 (TCC 2016): Proceedings of the 1st Translational Craniofacial Conference 2016. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4968874.

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Agustin, Michael, and Vera A. De Palo. "Effect Of Vitamin D Deficiency In Critically Ill Patients." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a2556.

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Çiftçi, Tuba, Serap Argun Barış, İlknur Başyiğit, Haşim Boyacı, Ahmet Ilgazlı, and Füsun Yıldız. "Effect of vitamin D levels on asthma control in adults." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.oa3292.

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Xie, Jun. "Exploring opium drug's physiological effect over human bodies." In 2013 International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Engineering. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/icbeee130141.

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Reports on the topic "Vitamin E – Physiological effect"

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Pogge, Danielle J., Steven M. Lonergan, and Stephanie L. Hansen. Supplemental Vitamin C Alleviates the Negative Effect of High Sulfur on Meat Quality. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-711.

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Baker, Lynn, Hsiou-Lien Chen, and Brigitte Cluver. The Effect of Textiles on Perceived Physiological Comfort While Backpacking in the Cold. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-884.

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Simon, Gad A., Peter Schmid, William G. Reifenrath, Theodore Van Ravenswaay, and Bruce E. Stuck. Wound Healing After Laser Injury to Skin - The Effect of Occlusion and Vitamin E. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada266356.

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Simon, Gad A., Peter Schmid, William G. Reifenrath, Theordore van Ravenswaay, and Bruce E. Stuck. Wound Healing after Laser Injury to Skin - The Effect of Occlusion and Vitamin E. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada266473.

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Aleksandrov, A. V., N. V. Nikitinа, V. A. Nikitinа, L. N. Shilova, I. Y. Alekhina, N. V. Aleksandrova, and I. А. Zborovskaya. EFFECT OF VITAMIN D ON THE ANXIETY AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMATICS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. "PLANET", 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/978-5-907192-54-6-2019-xxxvi-3-11.

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Pogge, Danielle, and Stephanie L. Hansen. Effect of Vitamin C on Performance and Antioxidant Capacity of Cattle Fed Varying Concentrations of Dietary Sulfur. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-158.

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O'Sullivan, Joseph C. The Effect of Diazoxide Upon Heat Shock Protein and Physiological Response to Hemorrhagic Shock and Cerebral Stroke. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1014226.

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Bolek, Kevin J., and Michael E. Persia. The Effect of Chick Methionine Status on Broiler Performance and Physiological Response to Acute and Chronic Heat Stress. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-821.

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Hu, Liyou, Dong Li, Jing Meng, and Bo Yu. The combination effect of vitamin K and calcium in adults bone quality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.3.0058.

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Nam, K. C., B. R. Min, H. Yan, E. J. Lee, Irene V. Wesley, M. J. Zhu, Aubrey F. Mendonca, and Dong U. Ahn. Effect of Dietary Vitamin E and Irradiation on Lipid Oxidation, Color, and Volatiles of Fresh and Previously Frozen Turkey Breast Patties. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1039.

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