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Di Marco, Nelfio, Jonathan Kaufman, and Christine Rodda. "Shedding Light on Vitamin D Status and Its Complexities during Pregnancy, Infancy and Childhood: An Australian Perspective." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 4 (February 13, 2019): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040538.
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Ensuring that the entire Australian population is Vitamin D sufficient is challenging, given the wide range of latitudes spanned by the country, its multicultural population and highly urbanised lifestyle of the majority of its population. Specific issues related to the unique aspects of vitamin D metabolism during pregnancy and infancy further complicate how best to develop a universally safe and effective public health policy to ensure vitamin D adequacy for all. Furthermore, as Australia is considered a “sunny country”, it does not yet have a national vitamin D food supplementation policy. Rickets remains very uncommon in Australian infants and children, however it has been recognised for decades that infants of newly arrived immigrants remain particularly at risk. Yet vitamin D deficiency rickets is entirely preventable, with the caveat that when rickets occurs in the absence of preexisting risk factors and/or is poorly responsive to adequate treatment, consideration needs to be given to genetic forms of rickets.
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Virik, Kiran, and Robert Wilson. "Bone loss and vitamin D deficiency post gastrectomy for gastro-esophageal malignancy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2016): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.4_suppl.165.
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165 Background: Metabolic bone disease is a known but incompletely understood consequence of gastrectomy. Post gastrectomy osteoporosis (OP) is multifactorial. Evidence suggests that patients who undergo this surgery require long term bone health assessment and nutritional support. Methods: 30 post gastrectomy patients (2000-2008) from a single centre in Australia were evaluated re bone health post surgery and post nutritional supplementation. Exploratory analysis included: age, gender, pathology, type of surgery, 25 OH-vitamin D, calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), bone mineral density (BMD), vertebral XRs, urinary calcium and N telopeptides of type I collagen. Other risk factors evaluated were: smoking, corticosteroid use, alcohol intake, hyperthyroidism, menopausal status, hyperparathyroidism (hPTH), pre-existing bone disease. Results: The median age of the cohort was 67.5 (range 53-83) of whom 22 (73%) were male. Histology showed 16 (53%) gastric adenocarcinoma, 6 (20%) esophageal adenocarcinoma, 2 (7%) GISTs, 5 (17%) gastric/duodenal lymphoma and 1 other category. Similar numbers of patients underwent total (12) and partial/distal gastrectomy (12), with 6 having a subtotal gastrectomy. 22 (73%) had a Roux-en-Y or BR II reconstruction and 8 had a BRI/other. Median time from surgery to first BMD was 54.5 months (range 12-360) with median correlative calcium level 2.24 (range 1.97-2.49), median vitamin D level 43 (range 11-82) and median PTH 6.4 (range 1.8-13.8). Osteoporosis was diagnosed in 14 (47%) of patients, osteopenia in 14 and 2 (7%) patients had a normal BMD. Low vitamin D was seen in 23 (77%) patients, low calcium levels in 5 (17%) and secondary hPTH in 12 (41%). Post nutritional supplementation preliminary results showed 2/23 (9%) had a low vitamin D level, 3/11 (27%) had secondary hPTH, 5/19 (26%) had osteoporosis, 12/19 (63%) had osteopenia and 2/19 had a normal BMD. Analysis of other risk factors is to follow. Conclusions: Poor bone health and vitamin D deficiency is a clinically significant problem post gastrectomy. Patients should undergo long term nutritional and bone health surveillance in addition to their oncological follow up post resection.
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Hashmi, Sayed Fasih Ahmed, and Ambreen Haidar. "VITAMIN D ASSOCIATION." Professional Medical Journal 22, no. 10 (October 10, 2015): 1316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.10.986.
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OBJECTIVE: The target of this study to focus, vitamin D level is the significant riskfactors for the patients with cardio vascular disease at Liaquat University Hospial Hyderabad /Jamshoro. Materialand Methods: This observational study was done at cardiology departmentof Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. All the cases with history of congenital heart disease,pregnancy, malignancy, renal failure and chronic liver disease, were excluded from the study.Complete medical history was taken, and major risk factors of the cardiovascular diseaseincluding, diabetes, smoking, family history, hypertension, hypercholestremia, dyslipidemiaand history of alcohol consumption and others were documented. Serum VD level was testedby blood samples from research laboratory of Liaquat Medical hospital Hyderabad, and all theresults were noted on the Performa according to the risk factors. Consequences of VD levelwere arranged by criteria, that’s taken from the study of Satish Karur etal.10 Results: Total 100patients were incorporated in the study with the mean age of 48.2+ 12.4. Male were found inthe majority. According to distribution of heart disease of his study ischemic heart disease hadnoted commonest58%. In the hypertensive patients VD deficiency had noted in 39. 63%. Insmoker patients VD deficiency was noted in 52.77%. In patients with hypercholestremia 50.0%,Alcoholic patients were found with deficiency of VD were 50.0%. In patients with obesity 57.14%.In the diabetic patients deficiency 15.0%, insufficiency 50.0% and sufficiency was seen 35.0%.In the Patients of dyslipidemia deficiency5.0%, insufficiency 50.0% and sufficiency was seen45.0%. Patients with family history of cardiovascular disease having deficiency 25.0% of thecases, insufficiency 12.50% while sufficiency in 62.50% in the cases. Conclusion: In this studywe concluded that VD deficiency in one of the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease;its possible association was found in this study with many risk factors of heart diseases. Likeour study there is very need of experimental and prospective more studies, to find out themechanism undergoing increasing cardiovascular risk, and prevent the cardiovascular disease.
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SOHAIL, SUMBUL, and SHAISTA RASHID. "VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY DURING PREGNANCY;." Professional Medical Journal 20, no. 01 (December 10, 2012): 078–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.01.594.
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Objective: To find out the frequency of vitamin-D deficiency during pregnancy by using Serum 25 hydroxy vitamin-D3 leveland to evaluate the risk factors associated with low level of vitamin-D. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Gynae and obstetricunit II in Abbasi Shaheed Hospital Karachi. Period: February 2011 to July 2011. Material and methods: Design: All patients with historyof chronic renal disease, liver disorder, PIH, GDM, twin gestation, anti tuberculous treatment and antiepileptic treatment with excluded.Data was collected by predesigned proforma through personal interview. Result: This study showed 49 cases (98%) of primigravidawere vitamin-D deficiency. The highest low level was in 15-25 years of age. The mean concentration of 25bOH vitamin-D 3 was 10.30ng/ml.60 % of women had severe vitamin-D deficiency with level of 25 OH vitamin-D3 was lessthan 10ng/ml. Risk factors associated withlow level of vitamin-D3 included dietary deficiency , lack of sun exposure and practicing veil. Conclusions: Pregnant women includingprimigravida in Pakistan are at risk of vitamin-D deficiency. 25 (OH) assay should be used as an aid in assessment of vitamin-D deficiencyduring pregnancy so that proper correction can be achieved. Women who are deficient in vitamin-D should be counseled regardingmaternal and neonatal risk, a balanced diet ,limited sun exposure and compliance of vitamin-D supplement to ensure normal maternal andfetal outcome. Every women should provided by vitamin-D supplement prior to pregnancy.
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Yun, Chunfeng, Jing Chen, Yuna He, Deqian Mao, Rui Wang, Yu Zhang, Chun Yang, Jianhua Piao, and Xiaoguang Yang. "Vitamin D deficiency prevalence and risk factors among pregnant Chinese women." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 10 (November 20, 2015): 1746–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015002980.
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AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate vitamin D deficiency prevalence and risk factors among pregnant Chinese women.DesignA descriptive cross-sectional analysis.SettingChina National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS) 2010–2013.SubjectsA total of 1985 healthy pregnant women participated. Possible predictors of vitamin D deficiency were evaluated via multiple logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was 15·5 (interquartile range 11·9–20·0, range 3·0–51·5) ng/ml, with 74·9 (95 % CI 73·0, 76·7) % of participants being vitamin D deficient (25-hydroxyvitamin D <20 ng/ml). According to the multivariate logistic regression analyses, vitamin D deficiency was positively correlated with Hui ethnicity (P=0·016), lack of vitamin D supplement use (P=0·021) and low ambient UVB level (P<0·001). In the autumn months, vitamin D deficiency was related to Hui ethnicity (P=0·012) and low ambient UVB level (P<0·001). In the winter months, vitamin D deficiency was correlated with younger age (P=0·050), later gestational age (P=0·035), higher pre-pregnancy BMI (P=0·019), low ambient UVB level (P<0·001) and lack of vitamin D supplement use (P=0·007).ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency is prevalent among pregnant Chinese women. Residing in areas with low ambient UVB levels increases the risk of vitamin D deficiency, especially for women experiencing advanced stages of gestation, for younger pregnant women and for women of Hui ethnicity; therefore, vitamin D supplementation and sensible sun exposure should be encouraged, especially in the winter months. Further studies must determine optimal vitamin D intake and sun exposure levels for maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels in pregnant Chinese women.
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Inoyatova, N. M. "Association Of Vitamin D Deficiency With Risk Factors In Postmenopausal Women." American Journal of Applied sciences 03, no. 04 (April 28, 2021): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume03issue04-09.
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In conditions of age-related decrease in sex hormones and a number of pathological conditions and diseases in postmenopausal women, there is a deficiency of D hormone. In our country, the geographic location of which is below northern latitude and sufficient ultraviolet radiation, an insufficient content of vitamin D is seen in postmenopausal women. There are a lot of risk factors leading to vitamin D deficiency - the presence of smog and dust in cities, insufficient consumption of vitamin-fortified foods, the presence of problems with the gastrointestinal tract and excretory system and a number of others. One of the important factors that reduce vitamin storage is overweight and obesity, especially in combination with old age, when all absorption processes are reduced. The aim of our research was to study risk factors in women with vitamin D deficiency with subsequent correction of the deficiency state. We examined the level of total 25 (OH) D in the blood serum in 46 postmenopausal women, and identified risk factors. Vitamin D deficiency was detected in 86.96% of women, and its deficiency was registered in 10.87%. At the same time, a pronounced vitamin deficiency was not registered in any patient. Overweight was registered in 32.6%, obesity of varying degrees in 26.1%. Given the indicators, recommendations were given for correcting vitamin D deficiency. All postmenopausal women, especially those with risk factors for deficiency, are recommended to determine the basic level of vitamin D. In case of deficiency, drug correction is recommended to reduce the risk of cardiovascular and oncological diseases.
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Al Khalifah, Reem Al, Muddathir H. Hamad, Abrar Hudairi, Lujain K. Al-Sulimani, Doua Al Al Homyani, Dimah Al Al Saqabi, and Fahad A. Bashiri. "Prevalence and Related Risk Factors of Vitamin D Deficiency in Saudi Children with Epilepsy." Children 9, no. 11 (November 5, 2022): 1696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9111696.
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Background: Vitamin D has a role in the pathogenesis of many medical disorders, especially those of the central nervous system. It is essential in maintaining the bone health of children. However, patients with epilepsy are at high risk of developing vitamin D deficiency due to antiseizure medications (ASMs). Therefore, we aimed to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and related risk factors in children with epilepsy. Methods: This is the baseline report of a pragmatic, randomized, controlled, open-label trial that assessed the impact of vitamin D supplementation in preventing vitamin D deficiency (NCT03536845). We included children with epilepsy aged 2–16 years who were treated with ASMs from December 2017 to March 2021. Children with preexisting vitamin D metabolism problems, vitamin-D-dependent rickets, malabsorption syndromes, renal disease, and hepatic disease were excluded. The baseline demographic data, anthropometric measurements, seizure types, epilepsy syndromes, ASMs, and seizure control measures were recorded. Blood tests for vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D), serum calcium, serum phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone levels were performed. Based on vitamin D concentration, patients were categorized as deficient (<50 nmol/L), insufficient (74.9–50 nmol/L), or normal (>75 nmol/L). Results: Of 159 recruited children, 108 (67.92%) had generalized seizures, 44 (27.67%) had focal seizures, and 7 (4.4%) had unknown onset seizures. The number of children receiving monotherapy was 128 (79.0%) and 31 (19.1%) children were receiving polytherapy. The mean vitamin D concentration was 60.24 ± 32.36 nmol/L; 72 patients (45.28%) had vitamin D deficiency and 45 (28.3%) had vitamin D insufficiency. No significant difference in vitamin D concentration was observed between children receiving monotherapy and those receiving polytherapy. The main risk factors of vitamin D deficiency were obesity and receiving enzyme-inducer ASMs. Conclusions: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was high among children with epilepsy. Obese children with epilepsy and those on enzyme-inducer ASMs were at increased risk for vitamin D deficiency. Further studies are needed to establish strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency.
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Kweder, Hasan, and Housam Eidi. "Vitamin D deficiency in elderly: Risk factors and drugs impact on vitamin D status." Avicenna Journal of Medicine 8, no. 4 (2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ajm.ajm_20_18.
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Gorter, Erwin A., Wilma Oostdijk, Abraham Felius, Pieta Krijnen, and Inger B. Schipper. "Vitamin D Deficiency in Pediatric Fracture Patients: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Vitamin D Supplementation." Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/jcrpe.3474.
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Naeem, Zahid. "Vitamin D deficiency: It's contributing factors and prevention." Journal of Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University 2, no. 2 (December 19, 2019): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32593/jstmu/vol2.iss2.77.
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Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent across the globe. The most important role of vitamin D is in strengthening the bones. Besides this, vitamin D is likely to be associated with prevention against different types of cancers and chronic diseases like cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and stroke as well as osteoporosis. It also has role in preventing many neurological diseases like depression, chronic fatigue syndrome and neuro-degenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease autoimmune diseases, birth defects and periodontal diseases.
Main source of vitamin D is sunlight, also called sunshine vitamin. People with old age, dark skinned and obese cannot produce sufficient amount of Vitamin D. Food sources include fatty fish, animal liver, egg yolk and dairy products, though these are poor sources. Vitamin D deficiency is endemic in Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka as well as Middle Eastern Countries. Though it’s sunny there all the year round, still the bulk of population is vitamin D deficient due to limited sun exposure in extremes of high temperature and socio religious reasons. Similarly, population in Europe and America are also affected. Pregnant mothers and infants are more at risk. Population at risk should be screened and treated. Appropriate health policies, public awareness, and fortification of dairy products can definitely prevent as well as address this huge burden of disease.
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Shulhai, A.-M. A., and H. A. Pavlyshyn. "PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE ADOLESCENTS IN UKRAINE." International Journal of Medicine and Medical Research 4, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/ijmmr.2413-6077.2018.2.9694.
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Background. Vitamin D affects the function of many organs and systems. Lipid metabolism disorder is established to be one of the risk factors for vitamin D deficiency, and the amount of adipose tissue is crucial.
Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in overweight and obese adolescents.
Methods. 146 children with excessive weight and obesity as well as 63 healthy children with normal body weight were examined. In the study groups, there were no children taking vitamin D. Vitamin D status was evaluated by the level of 25(OH)D in blood serum. Vitamin D deficiency was diagnosed at the level of 25(OH)D between 20 and 29 ng/ml, and significant deficiency – below 20 ng/ml, normal calcidiol content was 30-100 ng/ml.
Results. The average level of 25(OH)D in the adolescents with normal body weight was 19.76±4.28 ng/ml, in the adolescents with excessive body weight – 15.24±3.47 ng/ml, and in the obese children – 13.87±2.71 ng/ml. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the overweight adolescents was 70.62%, and in the adolescents with obesity – 77.19%.
Conclusions. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in the adolescents with overweight and obesity. To prevent the development of hypovitaminosis and vitamin D deficiency, it is necessary to carry out educational activities with adolescents for promotion of healthy lifestyle and healthy food, as well as to develop an optimal program for improving vitamin D status in the obese children.
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Vierucci, Francesco, Marta Del Pistoia, Emioli Randazzo, Francesco Massart, and Giovanni Federico. "The Spectrum of Vitamin D Deficiency: Description of a Family." Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes 125, no. 07 (July 2017): 478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-109699.
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Abstract Background Vitamin D deficiency represents a global health problem, affecting children and adolescents worldwide. Objects To confirm that vitamin D deficiency can present as a spectrum of clinical pictures. Methods We diagnosed nutritional rickets in a 10-month-old infant of Senegal origin with several risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. As many of these factors affected also his cohabitant relatives, we evaluate infant’s family members (mother and 4 brothers) looking for other vitamin D deficiency-related comorbidities. Results 3 brothers had asymptomatic vitamin D deficiency and 2 of them (9.8 and 13.4 years-old) showed secondary hyperparathyroidism. The fourth brother (11.3 years-old) had nutritional rickets. Their mother was affected by osteomalacia. None of them received vitamin D supplementation. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency may present as a spectrum of clinical pictures, representing a continuum ranging from asymptomatic/subtle conditions to overt rickets/osteomalacia. Immigrant families are at high risk for vitamin D deficiency at every age. If a case of symptomatic vitamin D deficiency is recognized, then the evaluation of the all family members is recommended, as they can have the same and/or other risk factors for vitamin D deficiency.
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Han, Jin, Xu Zhang, Santosh L. Saraf, Michel Gowhari, Robert E. Molokie, Johara Hassan, Shivi Jain, et al. "Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in sickle cell disease." British Journal of Haematology 181, no. 6 (May 16, 2018): 828–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjh.15270.
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Al-Mahroos, Fadheela T., Huda S. Al-Sahlawi, Eshraq A. Al-Amer, Husain Taha Radhi, and Saeed Khalaf. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Vitamin D Deficiency among Men." Bahrain Medical Bulletin 35, no. 3 (September 2013): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0000748.
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Jerbi PhD, M., H. ghabi, H. gaied, S. Chargui, F. Ben Hmida, I. Gorsane, R. goucha, and T. Ben Abdallah. "SUN-265 VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS: RISK FACTORS." Kidney International Reports 5, no. 3 (March 2020): S310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2020.02.801.
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Podzolkov, V. I., A. E. Pokrovskaya, and O. I. Panasenko. "Vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular pathology." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 90, no. 9 (September 15, 2018): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/terarkh2018909144-150.
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Vitamin D deficiency is widespread worldwide and present in about 30-50% of population. In most cases, this problem is associated with musculoskeletal system pathology: rickets in children, and osteomalacia or osteoporosis in adults. However, in recent years, convincing data was obtained on the links between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular pathology. Low Vitamin D levels in humans are associated with the unfavorable cardiovascular risk factors, such as arterial hypertension (AH), diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia, which are the predictors of the severe cardiovascular diseases, including strokes and infarctions. It has been demonstrated that vitamin D has a strong vasoptotective effect via endothelial dysfunction improvement, prevents blood vessels and myocardium remodeling, improves blood pressure parameters, reduces the risk of development of left ventricular hypertrophy, slows down fibrosis, reduces the risk of atherosclerosis, reduces insulin resistance, and also affects inflammation and immunity. This article provides data of Russian and foreign studies demonstrating the effect of Vitamin D deficiency on the development of atherosclerosis, AH, heart rhythm disorder and progression of chronic heart failure.
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Ahmed, Faruk, Hossein Khosravi-Boroujeni, Moududur Rahman Khan, Anjan Kumar Roy, and Rubhana Raqib. "Prevalence and Predictors of Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency among Pregnant Rural Women in Bangladesh." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020449.
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Although adequate vitamin D status during pregnancy is essential for maternal health and to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes, limited data exist on vitamin D status and associated risk factors in pregnant rural Bangladeshi women. This study determined the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, and identified associated risk factors, among these women. A total of 515 pregnant women from rural Bangladesh, gestational age ≤ 20 weeks, participated in this cross-sectional study. A separate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the risk factors of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. Overall, 17.3% of the pregnant women had vitamin D deficiency [serum 25(OH)D concentration <30.0 nmol/L], and 47.2% had vitamin D insufficiency [serum 25(OH)D concentration between 30–<50 nmol/L]. The risk of vitamin D insufficiency was significantly higher among nulliparous pregnant women (OR: 2.72; 95% CI: 1.75–4.23), those in their first trimester (OR: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.39–5.19), anaemic women (OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 0.99–2.35; p = 0.056) and women whose husbands are farmers (OR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.22–3.50). The risk of vitamin deficiency was significantly higher among younger pregnant women (<25 years; OR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.06–4.21), nulliparous women (OR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.34–5.25), women in their first trimester (OR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.12–5.79) and those with sub-optimal vitamin A status (OR: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.28–4.11). In conclusion, hypovitaminosis D is highly prevalent among pregnant rural Bangladeshi women. Parity and gestational age are the common risk factors of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. A husband’s occupation and anaemia status might be important predictors of vitamin D insufficiency, while younger age and sub-optimal vitamin A status are risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in this population.
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Al-Ajlan, Buthaina Yusuf, Afnan Freije, Sabika Allehdan, and Simone Perna. "Prevalence and Risk Factors for Vitamin D Deficiency in Children and Adolescents in the Kingdom of Bahrain." Nutrients 15, no. 3 (January 18, 2023): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15030494.
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Background: Vitamin D deficiency has reached pandemic levels in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, even though sunshine is abundant all year round for the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D through the skin. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and risk factors associated with serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) in children and adolescents aged from 10 to 19 years, as well as the possible associations of vitamin D with calcium, magnesium and phosphate levels. Methods: A multi-center, cross-sectional study was conducted between May and August 2019 at the Ministry of Health in the Kingdom of Bahrain. A total of 383 boys and girls were selected from five health centers from five different regions in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Information about sex, age, education level, weight, height, degree of sunlight exposure, and physical activity levels was recorded. A blood sample was taken from each participant to test serum levels of 25(OH)D, calcium, magnesium and phosphate. Results: The results revealed that 92.1% of the participants were deficient in vitamin D. A significantly higher percentage of boys (96.2%) were vitamin D deficient (<20 ng/mL) than girls (88.3%) (p value = 0.004). Vitamin D deficiency were more prevalent among overweight (96.8%) and obese (96.2%) participants than normal body weight and wasted participants (p value < 0.001). Being male, overweight, or obese was significantly positively associated with a risk of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with low serum levels of magnesium. No significant associations were detected between vitamin D deficiency and calcium and phosphate serum levels. However, vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with low serum level of magnesium (p value = 0.017). Conclusions: Our study revealed that vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent among overweight and obese adolescents and mostly boys rather than girls. Magnesium and phosphate were lower in adolescents and children with lower serum 25(OH)D, showing a clear association between these biomarkers and the 25(OH)D.
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Horton-French, Kahlea, Eleanor Dunlop, Robyn M. Lucas, Gavin Pereira, and Lucinda J. Black. "Prevalence and Predictors of Vitamin D Deficiency among African Immigrants Living in Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 16 (August 10, 2019): 2855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162855.
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Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations <50 nmol/L) is a public health issue in Australia and internationally. Those with darker skin require a greater dose of ultraviolet B radiation from sunlight than those with paler skin to synthesise adequate amounts of vitamin D. Using data from the 2011–2013 Australian Health Survey, we investigated the prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in African immigrants aged ≥18 years living in Australia (n = 236). Serum 25(OH)D was measured using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method that is certified to international reference measurement procedures. Poisson regression was used to investigate independent predictors of vitamin D deficiency. A total of 36% of adults were vitamin D deficient (35% of men, 37% of women). The prevalence ratio (PR) of vitamin D deficiency decreased by 2% per year of age (PR 0.98; 95% CI (0.97, 0.99); p = 0.004) and was 1.6 times higher in those with low/sedentary, compared to moderate/high, physical activity levels (PR 1.64; 95% CI (1.12, 2.39); p = 0.011). The greatest risk was for those assessed during winter/spring compared with summer/autumn (PR 1.89; 95% CI (1.33, 2.64); p < 0.001). Culturally appropriate messaging on safe sun exposure and dietary vitamin D is warranted in order to promote vitamin D sufficiency in African immigrants living in Australia.
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Li, Qingqing, Jianwei Zhang, Jian Chen, Jin Fan, Tao Jiang, Jian Yin, Wei Zhou, Lipeng Yu, and Guoyong Yin. "A Clinical Analysis of Vitamin D Status in Patients Before Spinal Surgery." International Surgery 101, no. 7-8 (July 1, 2016): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.9738/intsurg-d-16-00102.1.
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The goal of this paper was to study preoperative concentrations of vitamin D in patients undergoing spinal surgery and analyze relevant risk factors associated with vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D plays an important role in maintaining normal functions of skeletal muscles, and vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency may affect outcomes of spinal surgery patients. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 503 patients undergoing spinal surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University from September 2012 to October 2013. Preoperative concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were measured. Normal vitamin D was defined as a serum 25(OH)D level ≥ 32 ng/mL, vitamin D insufficiency as ≥20 and <32 ng/mL, and vitamin D deficiency as <20 ng/mL. Relevant risk factors associated with vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were analyzed. In 503 spinal surgery patients, rate of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was 71.4% and 23.9%. Rate of vitamin D deficiency in female patients was significantly higher than that in male (P < 0.001). Rate of vitamin D deficiency in patients with high body mass index (P = 0.009) or patients with smoking habit (P < 0.001) was much higher than other patients. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that female (P < 0.001), smoking (P = 0.005), and winter (P = 0.001) were potential risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Screening preoperative vitamin D status and relevant treatment should be reinforced in spine surgery patients.
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Hallak, Aya, Mahmoud Malhis, and Mohammad Yaser Abajy. "VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY AND RISK OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 6 (June 1, 2018): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i6.26469.
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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relation between vitamin D plasma concentrations and prevalence of prespecified coronary risk factors, and to assess the role of vitamin D deficiency as an independent risk factor for the acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Methods: In this study, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured in 60 consecutive ACS patients at hospital presentation, and patient data including socio-demographics and clinical variables were recorded at the time of admission. We used the Independent samples T-test and the chi-square test to compare differences in the continuous and categorical variables, respectively. The partial correlation coefficient was used to measure association between plasma vitamin D levels and acute coronary syndrome while controlling for traditional cardiovascular risk factors.Results: This study found significant associations between low plasma vitamin D levels and prevalence of hypertension and smoking. Whereas, no significant association between low plasma vitamin D levels and prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) was found. There was a statistically significant correlation between vitamin D deficiency and acute coronary syndrome, even after controlling for traditional cardiovascular risk factors (P = 0.028).Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is independently associated with acute coronary syndromes, and could be an independent risk factor for the acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
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Orlova, N. V., V. I. Podzolkov, A. Ya Starokozheva, N. M. Doldo, and E. V. Mironova. "VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY STUDY IN RAILWAY DRIVERS." Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 65, no. 3 (March 15, 2020): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2084-2020-65-3-163-168.
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Heart rhythm disturbances are significant pathology and one of the reason of sudden cardiac arrest. Locomotive crew drivers are at high risk for cardiovascular diseases, including heart rhythm disturbances. Multiple factors as a professional stress, frequent night shifts, lack of insolation, diet disbalance, low physical activity, exposure to vibration and noise, and an unfavorable industrial climate. In this study it was found that railway-men are predisposed to vitamin D deficiency. This condition reduces resistance to stress and increases risk of unfavorable heart rhythm disturbances.
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Kupisz-Urbańska, Małgorzata, Paweł Płudowski, and Ewa Marcinowska-Suchowierska. "Vitamin D Deficiency in Older Patients—Problems of Sarcopenia, Drug Interactions, Management in Deficiency." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (April 10, 2021): 1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041247.
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Vitamin D deficiency frequently occurs in older people, especially in individuals with comorbidity and polypharmacotherapy. In this group, low vitamin D plasma concentration is related to osteoporosis, osteomalacia, sarcopenia and myalgia. Vitamin D levels in humans is an effect of the joint interaction of all vitamin D metabolic pathways. Therefore, all factors interfering with individual metabolic stages may affect 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma concentration. The known factors affecting vitamin D metabolism interfere with cytochrome CYP3A4 activity. There is another group of factors that impairs intestinal vitamin D absorption. The phenomenon of drugs and vitamin D interactions is observed first and foremost in patients with comorbidity. This is a typical situation, where the absence of “hard evidence” is not synonymous with the possible lack of adverse effects. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia (generalized and progressive decrease of skeletal muscle mass and strength) are some of the musculoskeletal consequences of hypovitaminosis D. These consequences are related to an increased risk of adverse outcomes, including bone fractures, physical disabilities, and a lower quality of life. This can lead not only to an increased risk of falls and fractures but is also one of the main causes of frailty syndrome in the aging population. Generally, Vitamin D plasma concentration is significantly lower in subjects with osteoporosis and muscle deterioration. In some observational and uncontrolled treatment studies, vitamin D supplementation resulted in a reduction of proximal myopathy and muscle pain. The most conclusive results were found in subjects with severe vitamin D deficiency and in patients avoiding large doses of vitamin D. However, the role of vitamin D in muscle pathologies is not clear and research has provided conflicting results. This is plausibly due to the heterogeneity of the subjects, vitamin D doses and environmental factors. This report presents data on some problems with vitamin D deficiency in the elderly population and the management of vitamin D deficiency D in successful or unsuccessful aging.
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Malyavskaya, Svetlana I., Galina N. Kostrova, and Andrey V. Lebedev. "Vitamin D suppiciency and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence and young adulthood." Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/26586630.2021.3.201198.
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Background. Vitamin D deficiency is common worldwide in all age groups, including children and adolescents, and is associated with adverse health outcomes. Evidence from observational studies indicates that vitamin D deficiency is associated with pathogenetic mechanisms of cardiovascular disease.
Aim. To assess vitamin D availability and prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents and young adults.
Materials and methods. The cross-sectional clinical and laboratory study was carried out including schoolchildren aged 1015 years (319 subjects), of whom 49.2% were girls, mean age 13.31.6 years; young adults aged 1824 years (278 subjects), of whom 77% were girls, mean age 19.91.5 years, living in Arkhangelsk, Russia.
Results. The median level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH)D in schoolchildren was 15.7 (12.219.2) ng/ml, in young adults 20.5 (14.926.9) ng/ml. The proportion of study participants with normal 25(OH)D levels (30 ng/ml or more) among schoolchildren was 1.6% and 19.0% among young adults. Both schoolchildren and young adults were found to have a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Proatherogenic metabolic abnormalities were found to be associated with low 25(OH)D levels.
Conclusion. The results obtained point to the necessity of implementing measures to prevent vitamin D deficiency in the groups indicated in the national program "Vitamin D Deficiency in Children and Adolescents in the Russian Federation: Modern Approaches to Correction".
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Gouni-Berthold, Ioanna, and Heiner K. Berthold. "Vitamin D and Vascular Disease." Current Vascular Pharmacology 19, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 250–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161118666200317151955.
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: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency has been identified as a potential risk factor for a number of diseases unrelated to the classical skeletal pathophysiology, such as cancer and CVD, but the effects of vitamin D supplementation are less clear. Purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the evidence suggesting an association between vitamin D status and CVD as well as the results of supplementation studies. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with CVD risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus as well as with cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure. While vitamin D deficiency might contribute to the development of CVD through its association with risk factors, direct effects of vitamin D on the cardiovascular system may also be involved. Vitamin D receptors are expressed in a variety of tissues, including cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Moreover, vitamin D has been shown to affect inflammation, cell proliferation and differentiation. While observational studies support an association between low plasma vitamin D levels and increased risk of CVD, Mendelian randomization studies do not support a causal association between the two. At present, high quality randomized trials do not find evidence of significant effects on CVD endpoints and do not support supplementation of vitamin D to decrease CVD events.
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Hassannia, Tahereh, Ehsan GhaznaviRad, Rosita Vakili, Sohaila Taheri, and Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee. "High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Associated Risk Factors among Employed Women in a Sunny Industrial City." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 85, no. 3-4 (December 2015): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000231.
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Abstract. Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a public health concern associated with the pathogenesis of several chronic disorders, particularly in women. Aim: To evaluate serum vitamin D levels and its deficiency and risk factors among employed women in a sunny industrial city. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, serum vitamin D levels, biochemical and hematological factors were assessed in 382 healthy employed women. Demographic information was collected using a standard questionnaire and data was analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The mean vitamin D serum level was 22 ± 19.8 ng/ml. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were 62 % and 12.94 %, respectively. Deficiency was more common among younger subjects (< 29 years old). 23.5 % of subjects had normal and 1.35 % had toxic levels of vitamin D. Maximum serum level was observed in part-time job employees (33 ng/ml), and the lowest in Media and Culture Organizations (15 ng/ml).Vitamin D deficiency was associated with the lack of sunlight exposure at home, and taking anti-hypertensive medications. The common symptoms in deficiency condition were history of hyperlipidemia, depression, weakness, fatigue, finger tingling, leg cramps, and body and muscle pain. Moreover, LDL-cholesterol serum levels were significantly higher in the vitamin D deficiency group, with a prevalence of 40 %. Conclusion: The symptoms of vitamin D deficiency including depression, weakness, fatigue, tingling, leg cramps and body and muscle pain have been observed in more than 90 % after recruitment and treatment. Therefore, for improving the health and productivity of employees, a routine monitoring system for vitamin D and the other factors should be put in place.
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Zhao, Guixiang, Earl S. Ford, James Tsai, Chaoyang Li, and Janet B. Croft. "Factors Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency and Inadequacy among Women of Childbearing Age in the United States." ISRN Obstetrics and Gynecology 2012 (March 4, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/691486.
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Objective. To examine the prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy among US women of childbearing age. Methods. Data from 1,814 female participants (20–44 y) in the 2003–2006 NHANES were analyzed to estimate the age-adjusted prevalence and prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for vitamin D deficiency (defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] <12.0 ng/mL) and inadequacy (defined as 25(OH)D: 12.0–<20.0 ng/mL). Results. The age-adjusted prevalence was 11.1% (95% CI: 8.8–14.0%) for vitamin D deficiency and 25.7% (95% CI: 22.3–29.5%) for vitamin D inadequacy. Race/ethnicity other than non-Hispanic white and obesity were associated with increased risks, whereas dietary supplement use, milk consumption of ≥1 time/day, and potential sunlight exposure during May-October were associated with decreased risks for both vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy (). Current smoking and having histories of diabetes and cardiovascular disease were also associated with an increased risk for vitamin D deficiency (). Conclusions. Among women of childbearing age, periconceptional intervention programs may focus on multiple risk factors for vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy to ultimately improve their vitamin D nutrition.
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Wasim, Zahra, Faiqa Chughtai, Sana Yousaf, Tahira Riaz, Tabassum Muzaffar, and Adiba Akhtar. "Burden of Vitamin D Deficiency and its Related Risk Factors in Early Pregnancy." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 4 (April 26, 2022): 313–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22164313.
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Objective: To find out the burden of Vitamin D deficiency and its related risk factors in early pregnancy. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: The Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Risalpur, Pakistan from 1st January 2021 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: A total of 370 healthy pregnant women visiting outpatient department in the 1st trimester for routine pregnancy examination and willing to be part of this study were included. Vitamin D deficiency was labeled as serum 25(OH)D <20 ng/mL, insufficiency as 20-32 ng/mL and sufficiency >32 ng/mL. Demographic and anthropometric characteristics along with socio-economic status, clinical profile, supplementary intake and details of life style and daily living patterns were noted in all women. Results: In a total of 370 pregnant women, mean age was 29.92±5.5 years. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showing association of vitamin D insufficiency/insufficiency with daily sunlight exposure below 1 hour (p<0.001), low socioeconomic status (p=0.002), working women (p=0.025), no use of vitamin D supplementation before pregnancy (p=0.044) and no use of vitamin D in the current pregnancy (p=0.001). Conclusion: Serum vitamin D levels of majority of the pregnant ladies in the 1st trimester were found to be either deficient or insufficient. Less daily sunlight exposure, low socioeconomic status, working women, no use of vitamin D supplementation before pregnancy or during 1st trimester were found to have significant association with vitamin D deficiency. Keywords: 1st trimester, pregnant, sunlight exposure, vitamin D,
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Malacova, Eva, Peihua (Rachel) Cheang, Eleanor Dunlop, Jill L. Sherriff, Robyn M. Lucas, Robin M. Daly, Caryl A. Nowson, and Lucinda J. Black. "Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in a nationally representative sample of adults participating in the 2011–2013 Australian Health Survey." British Journal of Nutrition 121, no. 8 (January 24, 2019): 894–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114519000151.
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AbstractVitamin D deficiency is recognised as a public health problem globally, and a high prevalence of deficiency has previously been reported in Australia. This study details the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in a nationally representative sample of Australian adults aged ≥25 years, using an internationally standardised method to measure serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and identifies demographic and lifestyle factors associated with vitamin D deficiency. We used data from the 2011–2013 Australian Health Survey (n 5034 with complete information on potential predictors and serum 25(OH)D concentrations). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured by a liquid chromatography-tandem MS that is certified to the reference measurement procedures developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Ghent University and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were defined as serum 25(OH)D concentrations <50 nmol/l and 50 to <75 nmol/l, respectively. Overall, 20 % of participants (19 % men; 21 % women) were classified as vitamin D deficient, with a further 43 % classified as insufficient (45 % men; 42 % women). Independent predictors of vitamin D deficiency included being born in a country other than Australia or the main English-speaking countries, residing in southern (higher latitude) states of Australia, being assessed during winter or spring, being obese, smoking (women only), having low physical activity levels and not taking vitamin D or Ca supplements. Given our increasingly indoor lifestyles, there is a need to develop and promote strategies to maintain adequate vitamin D status through safe sun exposure and dietary approaches.
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Amphansap, Tanawat, Pipat Wongthanakitcharoen, Nitirat Stitkitti, Worawut Chaiyosburana, and Atiporn Therdyothin. "PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF VITAMIN D INADEQUACY AMONG THAI ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH OSTEOPOROTIC HIP FRACTURE." Journal of Southeast Asian Medical Research 6 (March 17, 2022): e0110. http://dx.doi.org/10.55374/jseamed.v6i0.110.
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Background: Vitamin D deficiency directly impacts bone biology, eventually resulting in elevated risk of fragility fracture. Despite its global abundance, data concerning its prevalence and risk factors among Thai patients with osteoporotic hip fractures remains lacking.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the average level of serum vitamin D, prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and its risk factor among Thai elderly patients with fragility hip fractures.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Thai patients with fragility hip fractures aged 60 years or older in a single center from April 2016-April 2020. The patients were divided according to serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-(OH)D) levels. Demographic data were compared to identify risk factors of vitamin D inadequacy.
Results: Of 258 patients, 74.81% were females with mean age of 78.76 years. The average serum 25(OH)D level was 19.64 ng/mL. Prevalences of vitamin D inadequacy, vitamin D insufficiency and vitamin D deficiency were 86.05, 28.69 and 57.36%, respectively. When compared with the vitamin D sufficiency group, the vitamin D inadequacy group had a history of frequent falls, higher body mass index (BMI) as well as high parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels.
Risk factors associated with vitamin D inadequacy were BMI >23 kg/m2 (AOR= 4.67, 95%CI=1.24-17.73), and two or more falls within a year (AOR= 3.96, 95%CI=1.38-11.33). Moreover, risk factors associated with vitamin D deficiency were being female (AOR= 2.87, 95%CI=1.06-7.78), BMI >23 kg/m (AOR=7.20, 95%CI =1.67-31.02), two or more falls within one year (AOR=7.32, 95%CI =2.17-24.69) and elevated PTH level (AOR= 3.38, 95%CI=1.17-0.74).
Conclusion: Most elderly patients with fragility hip fractures had hypovitaminosis D. Risk factors included high BMI, frequent falls for vitamin D inadequacy, being female and high PTH levels for vitamin D deficiency. Serum 25(OH)D assessment and appropriate supplement are recommended, especially for patients with fragility hip fractures and aforementioned risk factors.
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Zakharova, I. N., E. A. Solov’yeva, T. M. Tvorogova, S. I. Lazareva, T. Yu Vil’ken, and N. G. Sugyan. "Factors affecting vitamin D status in Moscow adolescents." Medical Council, no. 17 (November 24, 2019): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2019-17-50-57.
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Justification of the study. The normalization of vitamin D levels in both children and adults is the goal of numerous studies around the world, and the setting of a number of objectives related to this vector of preventive medicine, dictates the need for a more detailed study of regional features of the status of calcidiol and the identification of both risk factors and risk groups. Aim of the study: to analyze the impact of risk factors on the provision of vitamin D to adolescents in the Moscow region. Methods: 360 children over 11 years of age (average age was 14.74 ± 1.92 years) who attended a children’s polyclinic for preventive check-ups or are under observation in a day-care centre. After the examination, all schoolchildren were determined to have serum content of calcidiol – active metabolite of vitamin D. Results: the analysis revealed low vitamin D levels in children, with a median of 16.1 ng/ml. Normal vitamin D levels were found in only 6.7% of cases. The following risk factors for vitamin D deficiency were identified in Moscow schoolchildren: time of year (p < 0.001), inclusion of such foods as fish (p = 0.021) and liver (p = 0.036), gastrointestinal pathology (p < 0.001), endocrine system pathology (p < 0.001), musculoskeletal system pathology (p = 0.045): course of chronic inflammatory process (p = 0.01) in the body. The correlation between acute respiratory diseases and calcidiol supply was analyzed: at low frequency of acute respiratory infections during the year, the median level of vitamin D was 17.1 ng/ml (Q1-Q3: 12.6-22.1 ng/ml), at an average frequency – 11.4 ng/ml (Q1-Q3: 8.45-16.05 ng/ml), at high frequency – decreased to 7.94 ng/ml (Q1-Q3: 5.89-9.06 ng/ml). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency prophylaxis should be provided to children all year round, without a break for the summer months. If a child has a risk factor for vitamin D deficiency, the metabolite correction should be controlled by the calcidiol serum content.
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Adekunle, MO, OF Njokanma, AU Solarin, AO Dada, BA Animasahun, and P. Ubuane. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypovitaminosis D in Nigerian Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia." Annals of Health Research 6, no. 4 (November 25, 2020): 410–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30442/ahr.0604-06-104.
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Background: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has been linked to some acute and chronic bone disorders that commonly complicate sickle cell anaemia (SCA) in children. Some of these bone diseases include chronic pain, reduced bone density and fractures. Despite Nigeria having the highest number of children with SCA in the world, there is a paucity of data on vitamin D status and the associated risk factors in affected children.
Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for hypovitaminosis D in children with sickle cell anaemia in steady-state.
Methods: A total of 174 children with sickle cell anaemia aged one to eighteen years were recruited at the Sickle Cell Foundation Centre, Lagos. Baseline sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric and laboratory parameters (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, corrected serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase) were recorded.
Results: The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were 12.6 % and 72.5% respectively. Children below six years of age were less likely to have hypovitaminosis D compared to the older age groups (p = 0.017). The mean serum corrected calcium was lowest in subjects with vitamin D deficiency (p >0.001). Age and hypocalcaemia are independent predictors of hypovitaminosis D.
Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among children with sickle cell anaemia. Children aged below six years and with those with hypocalcaemia had higher odds of hypovitaminosis D.
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Song, Wei-Juan, and Rui-Xia Yang. "Vitamin D deficiency and Risk Factors in Patients with Crohn’s Disease." American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/ajcmr-9-1-5.
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Поворознюк, В. В., and Н. І. Балацька. "Deficiency of vitamin D among Ukrainian population: risk-factors of development." Reproductive Endocrinology, no. 13 (November 17, 2013): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18370/2309-4117.2013.13.7-13.
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Kwon, Mi Young, and Sook Ja Yang. "Risk Factors Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency among Women Office Workers." Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing 31, no. 1 (April 30, 2017): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5932/jkphn.2017.31.1.84.
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Wilsford, Lisa D., Elroy Sullivan, and Lynnette J. Mazur. "Risk Factors for Vitamin D Deficiency in Children With Osteogenesis Imperfecta." Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 33, no. 5 (2013): 575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bpo.0b013e318281264f.
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Tajika, Masahiro, Akira Matsuura, Tsuneya Nakamura, Takashi Suzuki, Akira Sawaki, Tetsuya Kato, Kazuo Hara, et al. "Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in patients with Crohn’s disease." Journal of Gastroenterology 39, no. 6 (June 2004): 527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00535-003-1338-x.
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Gorter, E. A., P. Krijnen, and I. B. Schipper. "Vitamin D deficiency in adult fracture patients: prevalence and risk factors." European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery 42, no. 3 (July 21, 2015): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00068-015-0550-8.
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Elsaidy, Mona A., and Ali ELGendy. "PW225 Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Saudi Patients With Vitamin D Deficiency." Global Heart 9, no. 1 (March 2014): e303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gheart.2014.03.2321.
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Anouti, Fatme Al, Luai A. Ahmed, Azmat Riaz, William B. Grant, Nadir Shah, Raghib Ali, Juma Alkaabi, and Syed M. Shah. "Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Associated Factors among Female Migrants in the United Arab Emirates." Nutrients 14, no. 5 (March 3, 2022): 1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14051074.
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Vitamin D is important for bone health, and vitamin D deficiency could be linked to noncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors among female migrants from Philippines, Arab, and South Asian countries residing in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). We used a cross-sectional study to recruit a random sample (N = 550) of female migrants aged 18 years and over in the city of Al Ain, UAE. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations ≤20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L). We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors associated with vitamin D deficiency. The mean age of participants was 35 years (SD ± 10). The overall prevalence rate of vitamin D deficiency was 67% (95% CI 60–73%), with the highest rate seen in Arabs (87%), followed by South Asians (83%) and the lowest in Filipinas (15%). Multivariate analyses showed that low physical activity (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 4.59; 95% CI 1.98, 10.63), having more than 5 years duration of residence in the UAE (aOR = 4.65; 95% CI: 1.31, 16.53) and being obese (aOR = 3.56; 95% CI 1.04, 12.20) were independently associated with vitamin D deficiency, after controlling for age and nationality. In summary, vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent among female migrants, especially Arabs and South Asians. It is crucial that health professionals in the UAE become aware of this situation among this vulnerable subpopulation and provide intervention strategies aiming to rectify vitamin D deficiency by focusing more on sun exposure, physical activity, and supplementation.
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Kumar, Manoj, Granth Kumar, Vijay K. Verma, Manish Gupta, and Rajesh K. Gautam. "A study of association of vitamin D deficiency and coronary artery disease." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 5 (April 26, 2017): 1765. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20171557.
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Background: Recently vitamin D has received great interests for its multiple effects on inflammatory system and potential role in atherothrombosis. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the common causes of death and disability in developed countries. Experimental evidence points to the involvement of multiple factors in coronary plaque formation, including vitamin D. The study aimed to examine the association of coronary artery disease with vitamin D level.Methods: 140 patients of CAD (coronary artery disease) and 101 age and sex matched control were enrolled in the study and 25-hyroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was measured. All participants were evaluated for presence of conventional risk factors for coronary artery disease. Association of vitamin D level was established after adjusting other risk factors using logistic regression analysis.Results: In our study vitamin D level is significantly lower in patient group (CAD patients) compared with control group (18.2±10.9 vs 28.8±21ng/mL). Vitamin D deficiency was present in 81.4% patient in CAD patients whereas 57.7% in control group. Vitamin D deficiency was found to be an independent predictor of CAD after adjusting effect of other risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, high blood cholesterol and level of physical activity with adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 2.695 (1.148-6.330).Conclusions: In present study patients of coronary artery disease had significantly low level of vitamin D as compared to individual without coronary artery disease. Vitamin D deficiency was found to be an independent predictor of CAD after adjusting other risk factors emphasizing that vitamin D can be a potential risk factor for development of coronary artery disease.
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Wang, Chaoxun. "Role of Vitamin D in Cardiometabolic Diseases." Journal of Diabetes Research 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/243934.
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Vitamin D deficiency is a highly prevalent condition. Low vitamin D levels have long been associated with bone diseases, such as rickets in children and osteomalacia and osteoporosis in adults. However, it has become apparent in recent years that adequate vitamin D levels are also important for optimal functioning of many organs and tissues throughout the body, including the cardiovascular system. Evolving data indicate that vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies have shown that low vitamin D levels are associated with hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, left ventricular hypertrophy, and chronic vascular inflammation, all of which are risk factors for CVD. This paper reviews the definition and pathophysiology of vitamin D deficiency, clinical evidence linking vitamin D and CVD risk, diabetes and its complications, and metabolic syndrome.
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Yoon, Jung Won, Sung Woo Kim, Eun Gyong Yoo, and Moon Kyu Kim. "Prevalence and risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in children with iron deficiency anemia." Korean Journal of Pediatrics 55, no. 6 (2012): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2012.55.6.206.
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Buchtele, Nina, Elisabeth Lobmeyr, Julia Cserna, Christian Zauner, Gottfried Heinz, Gürkan Sengölge, Wolfgang R. Sperr, Thomas Staudinger, Peter Schellongowski, and Philipp Wohlfarth. "Prevalence and Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency in Critically Ill Cancer Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit." Nutrients 13, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010022.
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Vitamin D deficiency is frequent in cancer patients and a risk factor for morbidity and mortality during critical illness. This single-center retrospective study analyzed 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in critically ill cancer patients (n = 178; hematologic, n = 108; solid, n = 70) enrolled in a prospective ICU registry. The primary analysis was the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) and the severe deficiency (≤12 ng/mL). Secondary analyses included risk factors for vitamin D deficiency and its impact on ICU, hospital, and 1-year mortality. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and severe deficiency was 74% (95% CI: 67–80%) and 54% (95% CI: 47–61%). Younger age, relapsed/refractory disease, and a higher sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score were independent risk factors for vitamin D deficiency (p < 0.05). After adjusting for relapsed/refractory disease, infection, the SOFA score, and the early need for life-supporting interventions, severe vitamin D deficiency was an independent predictor of hospital mortality (OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.03–4.72, p = 0.04) and 1-year mortality (OR: 3.40, 95% CI: 1.50–7.71, p < 0.01), but not of ICU mortality. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is common in critically ill cancer patients requiring ICU admission, but its impact on short-term mortality in this group is uncertain. The observed association of severe vitamin D deficiency with the post-ICU outcome warrants clinical consideration and further study.
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Saha, Anamika, Md Salim Shakur, Runa Laila, Salomee Shakur, Md Sohel Shomik, and Rahat Bin Habib. "Assessment of risk factors associated with vitamin D status among children of an urban and a rural areas of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin 46, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v46i2.49024.
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Background: Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most common micronutrient deficiency in children worldwide, even in Bangladesh. However, to date, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among children of different region of Bangladesh is less reported.
Objective: This study was conducted to assess vitamin D status of urban and rural Bangladeshi children including the risk factors associated with vitamin D deficiency are also evaluated.
Methods: A multi-centre (urban and rural based), cross sectional study was done from July 2016 to June 2017, using serum 25(OH) vitamin D3 as a marker of nutritional vitamin D status. Urban and rural children were taken from Paediatric Outpatient Department, United Hospital Limited. Dhaka and Medical Outpatient Department, Upazila Health Complex, Ghatail, Tangail respectively. Children of 1-10 years age attending OPD with mild undernutrition (<–1 SD z score) and/or clinical features suggestive of vitamin D deficiency were included in the study.
Results: A total 150 children were studied with 102 (68.0%) urban and 48 (32.0%) rural children. Hypovitaminosis D (25-OHD <30ng/ml) was found in 75.0% of children. Hypovitaminosis D was found significantly more in urban children (81.0%) compared to rural (62.0%) children (OR=0.382, 95% CI: 0.177-0.822, p value <0.05). Inadequate exposure to sunlight was significantly associated with hypovitaminosis D compared to adequate sun exposure and it was about 2.5 times higher (OR=2.475, 95% CI: 1.139-5.380, p value <0.05). No significant associations of vitamin D deficiency were detected with skin color of children, covering clothes of mother, exclusive breast feeding, limb pain and anthropometric status. Children of higher educated mother (above Secondary School Certificate) (OR=0.412, 95% CI: 0.189-0.900) were more associated with vitamin D deficiency.
Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is prevalent among Bangladeshi children, urban children being more vulnerable to VDD. Adoption of a screening programme for children of all age group and implementation of preventive strategies for VDD through public health policies are strongly recommended.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(2): 134-141
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AT, Amarasekera. "Twin D-Frail Study Protocol: Does Vitamin D Link Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction to Sarcopenic Frailty." Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine 7, no. 3 (June 25, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/ggm-8662/100096.
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A low vitamin D state and vitamin D deficiency is common in the elderly and has been correlated with various cardiovascular risk factors and events. Vitamin D deficiency has been demonstrated to play a major role in the pathogenesis of physical frailty and hypothesized to contribute to physical frailty through sarcopenia (the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with aging).
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Correia, Aline, Maria do Socorro Azevedo, Fernando Gondim, and Francisco Bandeira. "Ethnic aspects of vitamin D deficiency." Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 58, no. 5 (July 2014): 540–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-2730000003320.
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Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to bone fragility in children and adults, and to an increased risk of chronic diseases. The main sources of vitamin D are the diet and cutaneous synthesis, the latter being the most important one, since foods are relatively poor in vitamin D. The main factors influencing this endogenous production are the seasons, the time of day, latitude and skin phototype. Due to the contribution of sun exposure in maintaining vitamin D levels, it would be expected that this deficiency would be more prevalent in countries at a high latitude; it has been shown, however, that hypovitaminosis D is commonly found in tropical regions such as Brazil. In high latitude regions in which extreme skin phototypes have been compared, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is more common in people with originally darker skin who have a natural barrier to the already lower UV irradiation penetrating the skin. In Brazil, particularly in the areas where sun rays are more abundant, the difference in sunlight exposure between subjects showed no significant variation in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD).
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Karbownik-Lewińska, Małgorzata, Jan Stępniak, and Andrzej Lewiński. "Potential Risk Factors for Isolated Hypothyroxinemia in Women of Childbearing Age—Results from Retrospective Analysis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 22 (November 18, 2021): 5384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10225384.
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Isolated hypothyroxinemia (IH) unfavorably affects reproduction. This study aimed to evaluate retrospectively if any routinely measured clinical/laboratory parameters are associated with IH among women of childbearing age hospitalized in the endocrine department. A group of 466 female non-pregnant inpatients (age range 13–57 years) was considered. IH (decreased free thyroxine (FT4) with normal TSH) was found in 8/466 patients (1.72%). Vitamin D deficiency (<30 ng/mL) was found in all patients with IH, whereas severe Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was found in 5/6. Vitamin D concentration was lower in IH females. FT4 concentration was lower in patients with severe vitamin D deficiency and correlated positively with vitamin D concentration. Insulin resistance index (IRI) was increased (>1.25) in 5/6 patients with IH. IRI was higher in IH patients and it was the only independent linear factor for IH in the univariate regression. FT4 concentration was lower in patients with increased IRI and correlated negatively with IRI. FT4 concentration correlated negatively with body mass index (BMI) and LDL cholesterol or triglycerides, and positively with HDL cholesterol or HDLC/cholesterol ratio. Vitamin D deficiency, insulin resistance and increased BMI (as potential causative factors), and abnormal lipid profile (as a possible consequence), are associated with IH in women of childbearing age. Eliminating risk factors for hypothyroxinemia may improve reproductive health.
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Frighi, Valeria, Alireza Morovat, Matthew T. Stephenson, Sarah J. White, Christina V. Hammond, and Guy M. Goodwin. "Vitamin D deficiency in patients with intellectual disabilities: prevalence, risk factors and management strategies." British Journal of Psychiatry 205, no. 6 (December 2014): 458–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.143511.
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BackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities have a high risk of osteoporosis and fractures, which could partly be as a result of vitamin D deficiency.AimsTo compare the serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels of 155 patients with intellectual disabilities under psychiatric care and 192 controls, investigate potential risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in people with intellectual disabilities and assess available treatments.MethodCross-sectional observational study followed by treatment evaluation.ResultsAlmost twice as many patients with intellectual disabilities had vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D <50 nmol/l) compared with controls (77.3% v. 39.6%, P<0.0001). In the intellectual disabilities group, winter season (P<0.0001), dark skin pigmentation (P<0.0001), impaired mobility (P = 0.002) and obesity (P = 0.001) were independently associated with lower serum 25(OH)D. In most patients, 800 IU colecalciferol daily normalised 25(OH)D levels.ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in people with intellectual disabilities, partly because of insufficient exposure to sunlight. Screening and treatment strategies, aiming to reduce these patients' high fracture risk, should be introduced. Similar strategies may be required in other psychiatric populations at risk for fractures and with a tendency to spend excessive time indoors.
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Tangoh, Delphine A., Tobias O. Apinjoh, Yasir Mahmood, Robert V. Nyingchu, Beatrice A. Tangunyi, Emmanuel N. Nji, Abid Azhar, and Eric A. Achidi. "Vitamin D Status and Its Associated Risk Factors among Adults in the Southwest Region of Cameroon." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4742574.
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Background. Vitamin D has been shown to exert its actions on the musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, prostate, renal, endocrine, immune, and cardiovascular systems. Current reported data of hypovitaminosis D reveals a global pandemic, with an estimated one billion people worldwide presenting with hypovitaminosis D. Objective. This study aimed at investigating the vitamin D status and its associated risk factors in Cameroonians from the South West Region. Method. The study was a community- and hospital-based prospective longitudinal study. It was carried out during the dry and rainy seasons between the months of July and December 2015 in the South West Region of Cameroon involving 372 participants aged 35 years and above. After obtaining informed consent, a structured questionnaire was used to capture demographic data and risk factors of vitamin D deficiency. Blood samples were collected from the volunteer participants in the peak months of the rainy season and dry season, and the serum used to analyse for vitamin D by ELISA and calcium by spectrophotometry. 25(OH)D levels ≥75 nmol/L (≥30 ng/mL) were considered sufficient while levels <75 nmol/L were considered as hypovitaminosis D (insufficiency/deficiency). Results. Hypovitaminosis D (deficiency/insufficiency) was prevalent in 25.8% (96) of the study population, with only 3.2% (12) deficiency and 22.6% (84) insufficiency. There was a significant inverse relationship r=−0.119,p=0.02 between age and 25(OH)D levels; however, this relationship was not significant when controlled for gender, number of hours spent outdoors, and percentage of body covered. Gender, ethnic origin, percentage of body covered, time spent outdoors, and season did not influence serum vitamin D levels. Conclusion. Results of this study suggest that the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is relatively low in this study population and only age is a risk factor of vitamin D deficiency.