Journal articles on the topic 'Vitamin D acts'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Vitamin D acts.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Vitamin D acts.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Brown, Alex J., Adriana Dusso, and Eduardo Slatopolsky. "Vitamin D." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 277, no. 2 (August 1, 1999): F157—F175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1999.277.2.f157.
Full textAbstract:
The vitamin D endocrine systems plays a critical role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis. The active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25(OH)2D3], binds with high affinity to a specific cellular receptor that acts as a ligand-activated transcription factor. The activated vitamin D receptor (VDR) dimerizes with another nuclear receptor, the retinoid X receptor (RXR), and the heterodimer binds to specific DNA motifs (vitamin D response elements, VDREs) in the promoter region of target genes. This heterodimer recruits nuclear coactivators and components of the transcriptional preinitiation complex to alter the rate of gene transcription. 1,25(OH)2D3also binds to a cell-surface receptor that mediates the activation of second messenger pathways, some of which may modulate the activity of the VDR. Recent studies with VDR-ablated mice confirm that the most critical role of 1,25(OH)2D3is the activation of genes that control intestinal calcium transport. However, 1,25(OH)2D3can control the expression of many genes involved in a plethora of biological actions. Many of these nonclassic responses have suggested a number of therapeutic applications for 1,25(OH)2D3and its analogs.
2
Haryana, Nila Reswari, Qonita Rachmah, Mahmud Aditya Rifqi, Rian Diana, Dominikus Raditya Atmaka, Stefania Widya Setyaningtyas, Aliffah Nurria Nastiti, and Asri Meidyah Agustin. "Roles of Vitamins in Immunity and COVID-19: A Literature Review." Media Gizi Indonesia 17, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v17i3.224-233.
Full textAbstract:
SARS-CoV-2 is a severe acute respiratory virus that causes Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19). Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, diet was undeniably important in immunity. In order to be more resilient during and after the pandemic, understanding the role of vitamins is crucial. This review aims to explore the role of vitamins in supporting the immune system and its correlation to COVID-19. The article search was done using five electronic databases (i.e., Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and PMC). Some of the keywords utilized in the literature search were “vitamin A and immunity” OR “vitamin B and immunity” OR “vitamin C and immunity” OR “vitamin D and immunity” OR “vitamin E and immunity”. A total of 51 articles was assessed in this literature review. Research finds vitamin A plays a role in both innate immune system cell function and humoral immunity by regulating, differentiating, and maturing immune system cells. Vitamin B complex primarily reduces inflammation by lowering serum C-reactive protein levels (CRP), while vitamin C strengthens epithelial barriers, phagocytes, T and B lymphocytes, and inflammatory mediators, to improve the immune system. Vitamin D acts as a mediator in the vitamin D receptor (VDR), an inner immune system component that regulates the humoral and adaptive immune systems through unique genetic transcriptions. Finally, vitamin E acts as an antioxidant, lowering the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). In conclusion, all vitamins are essential in improving individual’s immune system that prevent from infectious diseases including COVID-19.
3
Carlberg, Carsten. "Vitamin D: A Micronutrient Regulating Genes." Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, no. 15 (August 19, 2019): 1740–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190705193227.
Full textAbstract:
Background:At sufficient sun exposure, humans can synthesize vitamin D3 endogenously in their skin, but today’s lifestyle makes the secosteroid a true vitamin that needs to be taken up by diet or supplementation with pills. The vitamin D3 metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 acts as a nuclear hormone activating the transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR).Methods:This review discusses the biological effects of micronutrient vitamin D ranging from calcium homeostasis and bone formation to the modulation of innate and adaptive immunity.Results:Since normal human diet is sufficient in vitamin D, the need for efficient vitamin D3 synthesis in the skin acts as an evolutionary driver for its lightening during the migration out of Africa towards North. Via activating the VDR, vitamin D has direct effects on the epigenome and the expression of more than 1000 genes in most human tissues and cell types.Conclusion:The pleiotropic action of vitamin D in health and disease prevention is explained through complex gene regulatory events of the transcription factor VDR.
4
Kaminsky, O. V. "Vitamin D dosage." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine) 17, no. 5 (January 4, 2022): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0721.17.5.2021.241524.
Full textAbstract:
Despite its historical name, vitamin D is not a vitamin at all but a hormone that, when activated, is a metabolically active steroid fat-soluble hormone that acts on cellular receptors. Vitamin D hormone is synthesized endogenously and then metabolized in the body, provi-ding that there are the necessary precursors and some factors — the effects of ultraviolet light on the skin. At the same time, vitamins themselves are nutrients, co-factors of biochemical reactions that are not synthesized in the body and cannot interact with receptors, consumed with food, so the hormone D is not a vitamin. Disputes about its use and dosage continue throughout the study period of vitamin D hormone. Most reputable experts in Europe and the USA support the need to replenish and maintain a normal level of vitamin D, believing it to be completely safe and useful. In 2011, the US Endocrine Society issued clinical practice guidelines for vitamin D, indicating that the desired serum concentration of 25(OH)D is > 75 nmol/l (> 30 ng/ml) to achieve the maximum effect of this vitamin on calcium metabolism, bone, and muscle metabolism. According to them, for a consistent increase in serum 25(OH)D above 75 nmol/l (30 ng/ml), adults may require at least 1,500-2,000 IU/day of additional vitamin D, at least 1,000 IU/day in children and adolescents. The most common form of thyroid dysfunction is secondary hyperparathyroidism, which develops due to vitamin D defect/deficiency (80–90 %). Non-optimal serum concentrations of 25(OH)D lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism, potentially leading to decreased bone mineralization and, ultimately, to an increased risk of osteopenia, osteoporosis and fractures, cardiac arrhythmia, and increased blood pressure. Vitamin D is most commonly used at a star-ting dose of 5,000 IU daily for 2–3 months, then transferring patients to maintenance doses of 2,000–4,000 IU/day daily that are consi-dered safe. However, it should be noted that some patients will need constant administration of 5,000 IU of vitamin D per day for a long time (years) to maintain the target optimal level of 25(OH)D in the blood, especially in patients with normocalcemic forms of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
5
Berridge, Michael J. "Vitamin D deficiency and diabetes." Biochemical Journal 474, no. 8 (March 24, 2017): 1321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20170042.
Full textAbstract:
Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to the onset of diabetes. This review summarizes the role of Vitamin D in maintaining the normal release of insulin by the pancreatic beta cells (β-cells). Diabetes is initiated by the onset of insulin resistance. The β-cells can overcome this resistance by releasing more insulin, thus preventing hyperglycaemia. However, as this hyperactivity increases, the β-cells experience excessive Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling that results in cell death and the onset of diabetes. Vitamin D deficiency contributes to both the initial insulin resistance and the subsequent onset of diabetes caused by β-cell death. Vitamin D acts to reduce inflammation, which is a major process in inducing insulin resistance. Vitamin D maintains the normal resting levels of both Ca2+ and ROS that are elevated in the β-cells during diabetes. Vitamin D also has a very significant role in maintaining the epigenome. Epigenetic alterations are a feature of diabetes by which many diabetes-related genes are inactivated by hypermethylation. Vitamin D acts to prevent such hypermethylation by increasing the expression of the DNA demethylases that prevent hypermethylation of multiple gene promoter regions of many diabetes-related genes. What is remarkable is just how many cellular processes are maintained by Vitamin D. When Vitamin D is deficient, many of these processes begin to decline and this sets the stage for the onset of diseases such as diabetes.
6
Shivakumar, Ashwini Tumkur, Sowmya Halasabalu Kalgeri, and Prasanna K. Santhekadur. "Vitamin D Target Genes in Dental Health." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, F (September 2, 2022): 571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9962.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D is an important molecule which plays pivotal role in overall human health and metabolism. This vitamin acts as both vitamin as well as hormone, and thus, dual nature of this vitamin makes it as one of the important chemicals required for the overall health, harmonious growth, and development. Recently, this vitamin is gaining large attention in dentistry, and it is becoming master regulator of dental health. It is well studied that vitamin D plays major role in calcium absorption for bone and teeth mineralisation, it acts as odontogenic inducer of differentiation of human dental pulp cells and in tooth development. STUDY SELECTION, DATA, AND SOURCES: Vitamin D regulates various signalling pathways in dental network and plays a beneficial role. Synthesis of vitamin D takes place in multiple steps in human body. The natural form of vitamin D is fat soluble in nature and is produced in the skin from 7-dehydrocholesterol molecules. Natural Sunlight through its ultraviolet B (UVB) energy converts the precursor7-dehydrocholesterol molecules to vitamin D3. Advanced and unhealthy lifestyle of modern times has led to the deficiency of vitamin D and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Deficiency of vitamin D also leads to various dental problems including dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontal disease. In this short review, we are discussing the role of vitamin D and importance of its target genes in dental health. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Vitamin D has a major role in managing the oral health this article updates the clinician with the different genes which are responsible for the regulation of vitamin D in different tissues.
7
Takeyama, Ken-Ichi, Yoshikazu Masuhiro, Hiroaki Fuse, Hideki Endoh, Akiko Murayama, Sachiko Kitanaka, Miyuki Suzawa, Junn Yanagisawa, and Shigeaki Kato. "Selective Interaction of Vitamin D Receptor with Transcriptional Coactivators by a Vitamin D Analog." Molecular and Cellular Biology 19, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 1049–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.19.2.1049.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a member of a nuclear receptor superfamily and acts as a ligand-dependent transcription factor. A family of cotranscriptional activators (SRC-1, TIF2, and AIB-1) interacts with and activates the transactivation function of nuclear receptors in a ligand-dependent way. We examined interaction of VDR with these coactivators that was induced by several vitamin D analogs, since they exert differential subsets of the biological action of vitamin D through unknown mechanisms. Unlike other vitamin D analogs tested, OCT (22-oxa-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) induced interaction of VDR with TIF2 but not with SRC-1 or AIB-1. Consistent with these interactions, only TIF2 was able to potentiate the transactivation function of VDR bound to OCT. Thus, the present findings suggest that the structure of VDR is altered in a vitamin D analog-specific way, resulting in selective interactions of VDR with coactivators. Such selective interaction of coactivators with VDR may specify the array of biological actions of a vitamin D analog like OCT, possibly through activating a particular set of target gene promoters.
8
Mele, Chiara, Marina Caputo, Alessandro Bisceglia, Maria Teresa Samà, Marco Zavattaro, Gianluca Aimaretti, Loredana Pagano, Flavia Prodam, and Paolo Marzullo. "Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D in Thyroid Diseases." Nutrients 12, no. 5 (May 16, 2020): 1444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051444.
Full textAbstract:
Vitamin D is a secosteroid with a pleiotropic role in multiple physiological processes. Besides the well-known activity on bone homeostasis, recent studies suggested a peculiar role of vitamin D in different non-skeletal pathways, including a key role in the modulation of immune responses. Recent evidences demonstrated that vitamin D acts on innate and adaptative immunity and seems to exert an immunomodulating action on autoimmune diseases and cancers. Several studies demonstrated a relationship between vitamin D deficiency, autoimmune thyroid disorders, and thyroid cancer. This review aims to summarize the evidences on the immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D on thyroid diseases.
9
Duda-Wiewiórka, Magdalena, and Kazimierz Pityński. "VITAMIN D IN NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICALLY CHANGED ENDOMETRIUM." Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 3 (2019): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201903125.
Full textAbstract:
More and more evidence from research confirms the significance of vitamin D (VD) in the development of endometrial pathologies. Apart from the well known role of VD in regulation of calcium levels, VD acts as modulator to many genes involved in cell growth, immunological functions and protein synthesis. The newest research shows that VD acts multidirectionally and its common deficiency has a causal link to the pathogenesis of many gynecological and cancerous conditions. It is postulated that VD affects the endometrium via various mechanisms. The discovery that most tissues have VD receptors was ground-breaking in understanding its role in various medical conditions, including the neoplasmal development mechanism, but the degree, to which the VD metabolism in the eutopic endometrium during pathological conditions is impaired, has not yet been explained.
10
Jena, Sarita, Wai-Ping Lee, Declan Doherty, and Paul D. Thompson. "PIAS4 represses vitamin D receptor-mediated signaling and acts as an E3-SUMO ligase towards vitamin D receptor." Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 132, no. 1-2 (October 2012): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.04.006.
Full text
11
Jovičić, Snežana, Svetlana Ignjatović, and Nada Majkić-Singh. "Biochemistry and metabolism of vitamin D / Biohemija i metabolizam vitamina D." Journal of Medical Biochemistry 31, no. 4 (October 1, 2012): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10011-012-0028-8.
Full textAbstract:
Summary Vitamin D is not technically a vitamin, since it is not an essential dietary factor. It is rather a prohormone produced photochemically in the skin from 7-dehydrocholesterol. Vitamin D and its metabolites may be categorized as either cholecalciferols or ergocalciferols. Cholecalciferol (vi - tamin D3) is the parent compound of the naturally occurring family and is produced in the skin from 7-dehydrocholesterol on exposure to the ultraviolet B portion of sunlight. Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol), the parent compound of the other family, is manufactured by irradiation of ergosterol produced by yeasts and its potency is less than one-third of vitamin D3’s potency. The steps in the vitamin D endocrine system include the following: 1) the photoconversion of 7- dehydrocholesterol to vitamin D3 in the skin or dietary intake of vitamin D3; 2) metabolism of vitamin D3 by the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 [25(OH)D3 ], the major form of vitamin D circulating in the blood compartment; 3) conversion of 25(OH)D3 by the kidney (functioning as an endocrine gland) to the hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3 ]; 4) systemic transport of the dihydroxylated metabolite 1,25(OH)2D3 to distal target organs; and 5) binding of 1,25(OH)2D3 to a nuclear receptor (VDR) at target organs, followed by generation of appropriate biological responses. The activation of vitamin D to its hormonal form is mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Six cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms have been shown to hydroxylate vitamin D. Four of these, CYP27A1, CYP2R1, CYP3A4 and CYP2J3, are candidates for the enzyme vitamin D 25-hy - droxylase that is involved in the first step of activation. The highly regulated, renal enzyme 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1a-hy - dro xylase contains the component CYP27B1, which completes the activation pathway to the hormonal form 1,25(OH)2D3. A five-step inactivation pathway from 1,25(OH)2D3 to calcitroic acid is attributed to a single multifunctional CYP, CYP24A1, which is transcriptionally in du - ced in vitamin D target cells by the action of 1,25(OH)2D3. An additional key component in the operation of the vitamin D endocrine system is the plasma vitamin D binding protein (DBP), which carries vitamin D3 and its metabolites to their metabolism and target organs. DBP is a specific, high-affinity transport protein. It is synthesized by the liver and circulates in great excess, with fewer than 5% of the binding sites normally occupied. 1,25(OH)2D3, acts as a ligand for a nuclear transcription factor, vitamin D receptor - VDR, which like all other nuclear receptors, regulates gene transcription and cell function. The widespread presence of VDR, and the key activating (1a-hydroxylase, CYP27B1) and inactivating (24-hydroxylase, CYP24A1) en - zy mes in most mammalian cells means that the cells in these tissues have the potential to produce biological res pon ses, depending on the availability of appropriate amounts of vi - tamin D3. Thanks to this widespread presence of elements of vitamin D endocrine system, its biological features are being recognized outside bone tissue, i.e. calcium and pho - sphate metabolism.
12
CANNELL, J. J., R. VIETH, J. C. UMHAU, M. F. HOLICK, W. B. GRANT, S. MADRONICH, C. F. GARLAND, and E. GIOVANNUCCI. "Epidemic influenza and vitamin D." Epidemiology and Infection 134, no. 6 (September 7, 2006): 1129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268806007175.
Full textAbstract:
In 1981, R. Edgar Hope-Simpson proposed that a ‘seasonal stimulus’ intimately associated with solar radiation explained the remarkable seasonality of epidemic influenza. Solar radiation triggers robust seasonal vitamin D production in the skin; vitamin D deficiency is common in the winter, and activated vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D, a steroid hormone, has profound effects on human immunity. 1,25(OH)2D acts as an immune system modulator, preventing excessive expression of inflammatory cytokines and increasing the ‘oxidative burst’ potential of macrophages. Perhaps most importantly, it dramatically stimulates the expression of potent anti-microbial peptides, which exist in neutrophils, monocytes, natural killer cells, and in epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract where they play a major role in protecting the lung from infection. Volunteers inoculated with live attenuated influenza virus are more likely to develop fever and serological evidence of an immune response in the winter. Vitamin D deficiency predisposes children to respiratory infections. Ultraviolet radiation (either from artificial sources or from sunlight) reduces the incidence of viral respiratory infections, as does cod liver oil (which contains vitamin D). An interventional study showed that vitamin D reduces the incidence of respiratory infections in children. We conclude that vitamin D, or lack of it, may be Hope-Simpson's ‘seasonal stimulus’.
13
Arystanbay, Ayaulym Adylgazykyzy, Assel Zhumina, and Valeriya Klunnaya. "Vitamin D and its influence on human immune system." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 106, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg2/34-45.
Full textAbstract:
This review presents modern domestic and foreign studies of vitamin D levels effect on the human immune system. Numerous data are presented on the participation of vitamin D in the regulation of immune responses. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the problem of vitamin D deficiency in the body of patients with autoimmune diseases. The significance of vitamin D in immune regulation is confirmed by the results of many experimental studies, clinical and epidemiological observations that demonstrate the relationship between low levels of the vitamin D and increased susceptibility to various infections, as well as the activity of the infectious process of viral, bacterial, and fungal etiology. Vitamin D acts both directly and indirectly on immune cells such as B and T lymphocytes, dendritic cells and macrophages. The review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of activation of the immune response under the influence of vitamin D. Vitamin D exerts its effect through binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which, in turn, together with other proteins, activates the transcription of protein genes involved in the body’s immune response. In this regard, it is necessary to draw the attention of researchers to the problem of the daily intake of vitamin D, especially in a pandemic situation.
14
Alpert, Patricia T., and Ulfat Shaikh. "The Effects of Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency on the Endocrine and Paracrine Systems." Biological Research For Nursing 9, no. 2 (October 2007): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800407308057.
Full textAbstract:
Individuals are capable of producing vitamin D with proper exposure to sunlight. However, several factors can interfere with the effectiveness of this process. Most sunscreens filter out UVB light, thus inhibiting vitamin D production. Individuals with more darkly pigmented skin have greater difficulty producing vitamin D because melanin acts as an effective natural sunscreen, requiring longer sun exposure to produce an adequate daily allotment of vitamin D. Additionally, solely breastfed infants whose mothers suffered from vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency when pregnant have smaller reserves of the nutrient and are at greater risk of developing nutritional rickets. Vitamin D deficiency leads to rickets, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis. Long-term vitamin D insufficiency can lead to paracrine effects such as type 1 diabetes, cancer, and multiple sclerosis. This article reviews the current literature on vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency and their relation to different disease states. Potential areas for research are discussed.
15
Cassinadane, Ananda Vayaravel, Akshaya Sridhar, Monisha Mohan, Kalai Selvi Rajendiran, Priyanka Sekar, Anand Shanker Singh, and Selvaraj Nambiar. "Vitamin D nemesis of COVID-19." International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research 8, no. 3 (October 15, 2021): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcbr.2021.038.
Full textAbstract:
The surge in the spread of the corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic alerted us to opt for the preventive medicine, as prevention is always better than cure. Apart from wearing mask, frequent hand washing and social distancing, strengthening our immune response plays a pivotal role in preventing infections. Vitamin D not only aids in calcium and phosphate homeostasis but also acts as an immunomodulator; the deficiency of which is linked with various respiratory and systemic infections. Hence we took up this review to study the effect of vitamin D in corona illness. Vitamin D exerts the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, hinders zinc metabolism, lowers Interleukin 6 levels and thereby inhibits cytokine storm in covid patients. Studies have proved that the covid patients have vitamin D deficiency and its supplementation improves the disease severity as well as the length of hospital stay. To conclude, Vitamin D supplementation can protect as well as halt the progression of corona virus disease. Further trials are needed to set the therapeutic levels in various stages of corona illness.
16
Medrano, Mayte, Estrella Carrillo-Cruz, Isabel Montero, and Jose Perez-Simon. "Vitamin D: Effect on Haematopoiesis and Immune System and Clinical Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 9 (September 8, 2018): 2663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092663.
Full textAbstract:
Vitamin D is a steroid-like hormone which acts by binding to vitamin D receptor (VDR). It plays a main role in the calcium homeostasis and metabolism. In addition, vitamin D display other important effects called “non-classical actions.” Among them, vitamin D regulates immune cells function and hematopoietic cells differentiation and proliferation. Based on these effects, it is currently being evaluated for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. In addition, vitamin D levels have been correlated with patients’ outcome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, where it might regulate immune response and, accordingly, might influence the risk of graft-versus-host disease. Here, we present recent advances regarding its clinical applications both in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and in the transplant setting.
17
Condoleo, Valentino, Corrado Pelaia, Giuseppe Armentaro, Giandomenico Severini, Elvira Clausi, Velia Cassano, Sofia Miceli, et al. "Role of Vitamin D in Cardiovascular Diseases." Endocrines 2, no. 4 (October 18, 2021): 417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/endocrines2040037.
Full textAbstract:
Vitamin D represents a group of secosteroids involved in the calcium and phosphate metabolism. The active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxylcalciferol, exerts its biological mechanisms via the VDR (vitamin D receptor) which acts as a regulator of several target genes. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with many diseases, which are not only limited to the metabolism of the skeleton, but growing evidence links the deficit of vitamin D to cardiovascular, metabolic, immune, and neoplastic diseases. In regard to the cardiovascular system, current evidence shows the presence of VDR in endothelial cells. Moreover, both in vitro and animal experimental models demonstrated that the deficit of vitamin D can promote endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis development. Vitamin D can interfere with vascular functions also by affecting the production of vasodilator mediators. VDR is also expressed in left ventricle cardiomyocytes, and hypovitaminosis D can relate to cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Randomized clinical trials (RCT) designed to prove the therapeutic role of vitamin D supplementation have been inconclusive to date. The aim of this review is to highlight the main interactions between vitamin D metabolism and cardiovascular diseases; thus, focusing on pathogenic mechanisms and related clinical manifestations.
18
Misiorowski, Waldemar. "Vitamin D, infections and immunity." Wiedza Medyczna 2, no. 2 (December 8, 2020): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36553/wm.55.
Full textAbstract:
Vitamin D (VD) is a steroid prohormone that regulates the body's calcium and phosphate levels in bone mineralization. It is also well described as a fat-soluble vitamin playing an important role in immunomodulation, regulation of cytokines, and cell proliferation. Thus, VD is a powerful hormone with pleiotropic effects, which acts to maintain optimal health. Recent studies demonstrate that VD deficiency is associated with the development of autoimmune disorders. Vitamin D generates many extraskeletal effects due to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) which is present in most tissues throughout the body. This paper reviews the recent data on the role of vitamin D in the genesis of various immunological disorders. The possible role of vitamin D in infections is implied from its impact on the innate and adaptive immune responses. A significant effect is the suppression of inflammatory processes. It inhibits immune reactions in general, but it enhances the transcription of "endogenous antibiotics" such as cathelicidin and defensins. VD inhibits the genesis of both Th1 – and Th2-cell mediated diseases. Th1 – dependent autoimmune diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis, Type 1 diabetes, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and so on) are also inhibited by VD due to inhibition of antigen presentation, reduced polarization of Th0 cells to Th1 cells and reduced production of cytokines from the latter cells. VD seems to also be a useful adjunct in the prevention of allograft rejection. Cardiac and coagulopathic features of COVID-19 disease deserve attention as they may be related to vitamin D. There are also intriguing potential links to vitamin D as a factor in the cytokine storm that consist some of the most serious consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Finally, the current clinical data strongly associate vitamin D with SARS-CoV-2 infection, however a putative clinical link that at this time must still be considered hypothetical.
19
Grafka, Agnieszka, Maciej Łopucki, Jarosław Kuna, Anna Kuna, and Barbara Pęksa. "The role of vitamin D in the body." Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna 55, no. 1 (February 13, 2019): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7375.
Full textAbstract:
Vitamin D performs a lot of important functions in the body, and its deficiency is just as harmful as the excess. From its precious properties, we draw primarily in the summer while staying in the sun, while in other seasons you should take care of a appropriate diet and implement vitamin D supplementation. The proper level of vitamin D in the human body results in proper bone mineralization, regulates the endocrine function of the pancreas, adrenal glands, thyroid gland and pituitary glands. It acts as an anti-proliferative factor of some tumor such as melanoma, breast, prostate, colon, and increases differentiation and inhibits apoptosis of keratinocytes, fibroblasts and skin melanocytes. It has an influence on the proper functioning of many systems and regulates the immune response.
20
Palanca, Ana, Francisco Javier Ampudia-Blasco, and José T. Real. "The Controversial Role of Vitamin D in Thyroid Cancer Prevention." Nutrients 14, no. 13 (June 23, 2022): 2593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14132593.
Full textAbstract:
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy and exhibits rising incidence. Annual incidence varies by sex, age, and geographical location. It has been reported that impairment of vitamin D signalling promotes thyroid cancer progression. Recent studies have shown that vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin that acts as both a nutrient and a hormone, may have utility in the prevention of autoimmune thyroid-related diseases. However, the precise role of vitamin D in the pathobiology of thyroid cancer is controversial. Previous studies have suggested that elevated serum vitamin D levels have a protective role in thyroid cancer. However, there is also evidence demonstrating no inverse relationship between vitamin D levels and the occurrence of thyroid cancer. Furthermore, recent data provide evidence that circulating vitamin D concentration is inversely correlated with disease aggressiveness and poor prognosis, while evidence of an association with tumour initiation remains weak. Nevertheless, a variety of data support an anti-tumorigenic role of vitamin D and its potential utility as a secondary chemopreventive agent. In this review, we highlighted recent findings regarding the association of vitamin D status with the risk of thyroid cancer, prognosis, potential mechanisms, and possible utility as a chemopreventive agent.
21
Halfon, Matthieu, Olivier Phan, and Daniel Teta. "Vitamin D: A Review on Its Effects on Muscle Strength, the Risk of Fall, and Frailty." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/953241.
Full textAbstract:
Vitamin D is the main hormone of bone metabolism. However, the ubiquitary nature of vitamin D receptor (VDR) suggests potential for widespread effects, which has led to new research exploring the effects of vitamin D on a variety of tissues, especially in the skeletal muscle.In vitrostudies have shown that the active form of vitamin D, calcitriol, acts in myocytes through genomic effects involving VDR activation in the cell nucleus to drive cellular differentiation and proliferation. A putative transmembrane receptor may be responsible for nongenomic effects leading to rapid influx of calcium within muscle cells. Hypovitaminosis D is consistently associated with decrease in muscle function and performance and increase in disability. On the contrary, vitamin D supplementation has been shown to improve muscle strength and gait in different settings, especially in elderly patients. Despite some controversies in the interpretation of meta-analysis, a reduced risk of falls has been attributed to vitamin D supplementation due to direct effects on muscle cells. Finally, a low vitamin D status is consistently associated with the frail phenotype. This is why many authorities recommend vitamin D supplementation in the frail patient.
22
Berridge, Michael J. "Vitamin D: a custodian of cell signalling stability in health and disease." Biochemical Society Transactions 43, no. 3 (June 1, 2015): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20140279.
Full textAbstract:
There is increasing evidence that a deficiency in vitamin D contributes to many human diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The ability of vitamin D to maintain healthy cells seems to depend on its role as a guardian of phenotypic stability particularly with regard to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ signalling systems. Vitamin D maintains the expression of those signalling components responsible for stabilizing the low-resting state of these two signalling pathways. This vitamin D signalling stability hypothesis proposes that vitamin D, working in conjunction with klotho and Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2), acts as a custodian to maintain the normal function of the ROS and Ca2+ signalling pathways. A decline in vitamin D levels will lead to an erosion of this signalling stability and may account for why so many of the major diseases in man, which have been linked to vitamin D deficiency, are associated with a dysregulation in both ROS and Ca2+ signalling.
23
Muszkat, Patricia, Marilia Brasilio Rodrigues Camargo, Luiz Henrique Maciel Griz, and Marise Lazaretti-Castro. "Evidence-based non-skeletal actions of vitamin D." Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 54, no. 2 (March 2010): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302010000200005.
Full textAbstract:
Vitamin D is a major regulator of mineral homeostasis through its action in the kidney, intestine, bone and parathyroid glands. On these tissues, its active form, calcitriol, acts by binding to a specific nuclear receptor that belongs to the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor family. This receptor, however, has also been identified in several additional human tissues. So, apart from its traditional actions related to calcium, vitamin D and its synthetic analogs are being increasingly recognized for their anti-proliferative, pro-differentiative and immunomodulatory activities. Low levels of vitamin D have been linked to many chronic diseases. Decreased muscle function and increased fall risk in elderly people; prostate, breast and colorectal cancers; diabetes mellitus; and other health problems have been associated to low circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. This paper presents an overview of the available scientific evidence for the non-calcemic actions of vitamin D in humans.
24
Antony Dhanapal, Anto Cordelia Tanislaus, and Karani Santhanakrishnan Vimaleswaran. "Vitamin D supplementation and immune-related markers: an update from nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic studies." British Journal of Nutrition 128, no. 8 (October 12, 2022): 1459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114522002392.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Vitamin D is both a nutrient and a neurologic hormone that plays a critical role in modulating immune responses. While low levels of vitamin D are associated with increased susceptibility to infections and immune-related disorders, vitamin D supplementation has demonstrated immunomodulatory effects that can be protective against various diseases and infections. Vitamin D receptor is expressed in immune cells that have the ability to synthesise the active vitamin D metabolite. Thus, vitamin D acts in an autocrine manner in a local immunologic milieu in fighting against infections. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics are the new disciplines of nutritional science that explore the interaction between nutrients and genes using distinct approaches to decipher the mechanisms by which nutrients can influence disease development. Though molecular and observational studies have proved the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D, only very few studies have documented the molecular insights of vitamin D supplementation. Until recently, researchers have investigated only a few selected genes involved in the vitamin D metabolic pathway that may influence the response to vitamin D supplementation and possibly disease risk. This review summarises the impact of vitamin D supplementation on immune markers from nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics perspective based on evidence collected through a structured search using PubMed, EMBASE, Science Direct and Web of Science. The research gaps and shortcomings from the existing data and future research direction of vitamin D supplementation on various immune-related disorders are discussed.
25
Yoon, Grace Hyojung, Michael Holick, and Arash Hossein. "3532 Vitamin D assay utilization and outcomes in pregnant women in an urban safety net medical center: a retrospective cohort study." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (March 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.72.
Full textAbstract:
OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The goals of this retrospective cohort study is threefold: 1) to assess how many pregnant women at Boston Medical Center from 2012 to 2017 have had their vitamin D status checked prior to and during pregnancy, 2) determine associations between vitamin D levels, birth outcomes and demographics and 3) assess how many of those found to have lower than satisfactory vitamin D levels (<30ng/mL) received interventions, including receiving vitamin D supplementation and/or being referred to an appropriate specialist such as an endocrinologist or a nutritionist. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Our study population is mothers over age 18 who received care at Boston Medical Center during their pregnancy from 2012 to 2017. Our primary outcomes are vitamin D utilization rates and associations between vitamin D levels with clinical outcomes during pregnancy and at birth. Secondary outcomes are demographic predictors of mothers who receive vitamin D testing and those who have complications associated with low vitamin D. We will conduct multiple linear regressions to check for associations between vitamin D levels, birth outcomes and demographic variables. We will adjust vitamin D levels with maternal BMI. De-identified clinical data was gathered from Boston University Medical Center’s (BUMC) Clinical Data Warehouse. This retrospective study was approved with a HIPAA waiver by the BUMC Institutional Data Warehouse. All statistical analysis was completed using SAS version 9.4 and was primarily done by the student PI and reviewed by Dr. Hossein, the co-investigator who is trained as a statistician and geneticist. The team also utilized Boston University’s Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Research Design (BERD) team to check the feasibility of the statistical methods. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We anticipate that our descriptive demographic data will reflect the medical center’s predominantly black/Hispanic and low-income profile. Based on previous literature, we expect low vitamin D levels to have positive associations with gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, and preterm birth. Analyses are currently actively in progress and we expect to have results before the ACTS conference date in March, 2019. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Vitamin D is an essential part of the human body system. It is well documented in current literature that vitamin D is correlated with bone health, mental health and maternal health. Moreover, there is evidence that maternal vitamin D supplementation prevents vitamin D deficiency in newborns. Previous literature suggests that low vitamin D may be associated with gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, and pre-term births. Boston Medical Center is Massachusetts’ largest urban medical center and acts as its only safety-net hospital, serving predominantly low-income and socially marginalized patient populations. There is limited existing research on assessment of maternal vitamin D in urban hospital settings. Pregnant women rarely receive vitamin D screenings as part of their prenatal checkups as current national and regional guidelines do not require pregnant women to be screened for vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. The results will demonstrate the potential effects vitamin D supplementation, or lack thereof, in expectant mothers living in urban, safety net communities. We hope to inform prenatal care practices and attitudes of vitamin D supplementation in maternal health with the results of our study.
26
Krishnan, Elango, Venmugil Ponnusamy, and Sathiya Priya Sekar. "Trial of vitamin D supplementation to prevent asthma exacerbation in children." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 6 (May 27, 2017): 2734. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20172479.
Full textAbstract:
Background: To assess the level of vitamin D in children with bronchial asthma and to study the effects of vitamin D supplementation in asthmatic children who had vitamin D deficiency in terms of asthma control test score and Number of exacerbations.Methods: This interventional study was conducted in Department of Paediatrics, KAPV Government medical college, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India from September 2016 to February 2017. 96 asthmatic children of age group 5-12 years who attended outpatient department and admitted in ward for asthma exacerbation were selected. After assessing their Vitamin D level, Vitamin D supplementation given along with standard treatment for asthma. Outcomes measured were ACTS (Asthma control test score), number of emergency room visits, number of hospital admissions and reliever medication use.Results: Out of 96 children, 83 (86.4%) children had vitamin D deficiency. There was significant correlation between vitamin D level and absolute eosinophil count (p-value-0.037), asthma severity (p-value<0.001) and asthma control (p-value<0.001). Significant reduction in emergency room visits, (p-value<0.001) reliever medication use (p-value<0.001) and improvement in asthma control test score (p-value-0.008) occurs after vitamin D supplementation.Conclusions: There is a significant correlation between vitamin D level, asthma severity and its control. Asthma exacerbation in terms of emergency room visits and reliever medication use were further reduced by vitamin D supplementation.
27
Джатдоева, Д. Т., А. А. Гочияев, М. Б. Семенов, and З. М. Каппушева. "THE BIOLOGICAL ROLE OF VITAMIN D." Vestnik, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.53065/kaznmu.2021.12.26.030.
Full textAbstract:
В статье рассматриваются заболевания, зависящие от уровня витамина D в организме, возможные методы коррекции его уровня и их последствия. Рассматривается зависимость организма -как единого целого от уровня данного витамина в крови. На данный момент во всем мире наблюдается глобальный дефицит витамина D, у всех пациентов, которые сдают данный анализ, которое так же было выявлено на фоне глобальной пандемии “COVID-19”. Влияние витамина D на иммунитет абсолютно точно доказано, и поэтому его дефицитное состояние может ухудшать течение различных заболеваний. Также витамин D выступает в качестве гормона, недостаток которого приводит к патологиям сердечно-сосудистой системы, рахиту, остеопорозу, сахарному диабету, ожирению и другим серьезным заболеваниям. Неоднократно рассматривалось влияние его уровня на постоперационное восстановление. В статье так же приводятся методы коррекции посредством UV в зимнее время, которое как показали данные является опасной. В статье описываются нейродегенеративные расстройства, на которых оказывает огромное влияние уровень данного витамина и его профилактика. Проанализировано влияние его уровня на здоровье пациенток в постменопаузе, приводящее к нежелательным последствиям в том числе и остеопорозу. Приведены примеры влияния на защитные свойства ротовой полости при пародонте и кариесе. Описывается влияние на процесс течения острых респираторных заболеваний у детей, а также влияние на течение болезни при сахарном диабете. The article discusses diseases that depend on the level of vitamin D in the body, possible methods of correcting its level and their consequences. The dependence of the body on the level of this vitamin in the blood is considered. At the moment, there is a global vitamin D deficiency worldwide, which was revealed during the global COVID-19 pandemic. The positive effect of vitamin D on the immune system has been proven, and therefore its deficiency can worsen the course of various diseases. Vitamin D also acts as a hormone, the lack of which leads to pathologies of the cardiovascular system, rickets, osteoporosis, diabetes, obesity, and other serious diseases. The influence of its level on postoperative recovery is also considered. In addition, the article provides methods of correction by means of UV treatment in winter, which, as the data has shown, is dangerous. The article describes neurodegenerative disorders, which are greatly influenced by the level of this vitamin and its prevention. The influence of its level on the health of postmenopausal patients, leading to undesirable consequences, including osteoporosis, is analyzed. Examples of the effect on the protective properties of the oral cavity in periodontal disease and caries are given. The article describes the effect on the course of acute respiratory diseases in children, as well as the effect on the course of the disease in diabetes mellitus.
28
Smith, Taryn J., Laura Tripkovic, Susan A. Lanham-New, and Kathryn H. Hart. "Vitamin D in adolescence: evidence-based dietary requirements and implications for public health policy." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 77, no. 3 (December 4, 2017): 292–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665117004104.
Full textAbstract:
Vitamin D is a unique nutrient. First, it acts as a pro-hormone and secondly, the requirement for vitamin D can be met by both endogenous synthesis from sunlight and by dietary sources. This complicates the determination of dietary requirements for vitamin D, which along with the definition of optimal vitamin D status, have been highly controversial and much debated over recent years. Adolescents are a population group at high risk of low vitamin D status, which is concerning given the important role of vitamin D, and calcium, in promoting normal bone mineralisation and attainment of peak bone mass during this rapid growth phase. Dietary vitamin D recommendations are important from a public health perspective in helping to avoid deficiency and optimise vitamin D status for health. However limited experimental data from winter-based dose–response randomised trials in adolescents has hindered the development of evidence-based dietary requirements for vitamin D in this population group. This review will highlight how specifically designed randomised trials and the approach adopted for estimating such requirements can lead to improved recommendations. Such data indicate that vitamin D intakes of between 10 and about 30 µg/d may be required to avoid deficiency and ensure adequacy in adolescents, considerably greater than the current recommendations of 10–15 µg/d. Finally this review will consider the implications of this on public health policy, in terms of future refinements of vitamin D requirement recommendations and prioritisation of public health strategies to help prevent vitamin D deficiency.
29
Tavera-Mendoza, Luz E., Thomas Westerling, Eric Libby, Andriy Marusyk, Laura Cato, Raymundo Cassani, Lisa A. Cameron, et al. "Vitamin D receptor regulates autophagy in the normal mammary gland and in luminal breast cancer cells." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 11 (February 27, 2017): E2186—E2194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1615015114.
Full textAbstract:
Women in North America have a one in eight lifetime risk of developing breast cancer (BC), and a significant proportion of these individuals will develop recurrent BC and will eventually succumb to the disease. Metastatic, therapy-resistant BC cells are refractory to cell death induced by multiple stresses. Here, we document that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) acts as a master transcriptional regulator of autophagy. Activation of the VDR by vitamin D induces autophagy and an autophagic transcriptional signature in BC cells that correlates with increased survival in patients; strikingly, this signature is present in the normal mammary gland and is progressively lost in patients with metastatic BC. A number of epidemiological studies have shown that sufficient vitamin D serum levels might be protective against BC. We observed that dietary vitamin D supplementation in mice increases basal levels of autophagy in the normal mammary gland, highlighting the potential of vitamin D as a cancer-preventive agent. These findings point to a role of vitamin D and the VDR in modulating autophagy and cell death in both the normal mammary gland and BC cells.
30
Mohammad, Mishra, and Ashraf. "Emerging Role of Vitamin D and its Associated Molecules in Pathways Related to Pathogenesis of Thrombosis." Biomolecules 9, no. 11 (October 24, 2019): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9110649.
Full textAbstract:
Vitamin D, besides having an essential role in calcium and bone metabolism, also acts as a mediator of many non-calcemic effects through modulations of several biological responses. Vitamin D exists in its two major forms, vitamin D2, or commonly known as ergocalciferol, and vitamin D3, or commonly known as cholecalciferol. Both of these forms bind to vitamin D-binding protein to get transported to all vital target organs, where it serves as a natural ligand to vitamin D receptors for enabling their biological actions. Clinical reports corroborating vitamin D deficiency with an increase in thrombotic episodes implicate the role of vitamin D and its associated molecule in the regulation of thrombosis-related pathways. Thrombosis is the formation and propagation of a blood clot, known as thrombus. It can occur either in the arterial or the venous system resulting in many severe complications, including myocardial infarction, stroke, ischemia, and venous thromboembolism. Vitamin D, directly or indirectly, controls the expression of several genes responsible for the regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. All of these are the processes of potential relevance to thrombotic disorders. This review, thus, discussed the effects of vitamin D on pathways involved in thrombosis, such as hemostatic process, inflammatory pathway, and endothelial cell activation, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms associated with them.
31
Bellan, Mattia, Laura Andreoli, Chiara Mele, Pier Paolo Sainaghi, Cristina Rigamonti, Silvia Piantoni, Carla De Benedittis, Gianluca Aimaretti, Mario Pirisi, and Paolo Marzullo. "Pathophysiological Role and Therapeutic Implications of Vitamin D in Autoimmunity: Focus on Chronic Autoimmune Diseases." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (March 17, 2020): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030789.
Full textAbstract:
Vitamin D is a pleiotropic secosteroid yielding multiple actions in human physiology. Besides the canonical regulatory activity on bone metabolism, several non-classical actions have been described and the ability of vitamin D to partake in the regulation of the immune system is particularly interesting, though far stronger and convincing evidence has been collected in in vitro as compared to in vivo studies. Whether vitamin D is able to regulate at physiological concentrations the human immune system remains unproven to date. Consequently, it is not established if vitamin D status is a factor involved in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases and if cholecalciferol supplementation acts as an adjuvant for autoimmune diseases. The development of autoimmunity is a heterogeneous process, which may involve different organs and systems with a wide range of clinical implications. In the present paper, we reviewed the current evidences regarding vitamin D role in the pathogenesis and management of different autoimmune diseases.
32
Layber, Marlon Mezadri, Alyne Barreto Mesquita de Goés, Camila Vilar de Oliveira Villarim, Diego Maia Diógenes Rabelo Caldas, Irami Araújo-Neto, Laura Cristina Costa e. Silva, Amália Cinthia Meneses Rêgo, and Irami Araújo-Filho. "Vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases: an integrative review." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 13 (October 3, 2021): e25101320738. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i13.20738.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Vitamin D is synthesized from 7-dehydrocholesterol during a photochemical reaction, under the effect of ultraviolet radiation on the skin, obtained from food. It is hydroxylated in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3). It is an active metabolite, which maintains the balance of calcium and phosphorus concentration in the blood, in addition to helping bone remodeling. Vitamin D deficiency promotes rickets in children and osteoporosis in adults, with a risk of bone fracture. Vitamin D acts in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases via immunomodulation, increases mineral density and reduces bone resorption, which is important in combating agents that cause periodontal diseases. Objectives: Evaluate the importance of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Methods: A search was carried out in the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Scielo, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases on scientifically proven evidence on the subject. Results: The present review demonstrated the importance of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis and the consequences of its deficiency on the oral health of patients. Conclusion: Vitamin D plays an important role in oral homeostasis and vitamin deficiency results in periodontal disease.
33
Zhai, Hua-Ling, Ning-Jian Wang, Bing Han, Qin Li, Yi Chen, Chun-Fang Zhu, Ying-Chao Chen, et al. "Low vitamin D levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, evidence for their independent association in men in East China: a cross-sectional study (Survey on Prevalence in East China for Metabolic Diseases and Risk Factors (SPECT-China))." British Journal of Nutrition 115, no. 8 (February 18, 2016): 1352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516000386.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractRecent studies have suggested an association between vitamin D and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, some results are subject to debate. This study was carried out to evaluate the correlation between NAFLD and vitamin D in men and women in East China. The data were obtained from a cross-sectional study that focused on the health and metabolic status of adults in sixteen areas of East China. According to ultrasonic assessments, the patients were divided into normal and NAFLD groups. Demographic characteristics and biochemical measurements were obtained. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association. In total, 5066 subjects were enrolled, and 2193 (43·3 %) were diagnosed with NAFLD; 84·56 % of the subjects showed vitamin D deficiency. Subjects with high vitamin D levels had a lower prevalence of NAFLD, particularly male subjects. Within the highest quartile of vitamin D levels, the prevalence of NAFLD was 40·8 %, whereas the lowest quartile of vitamin D levels showed a prevalence of 62·2 %, which was unchanged in women across the vitamin D levels. Binary logistic analysis showed that decreased vitamin D levels were associated with an increased risk of NAFLD (OR 1·54; 95 % CI 1·26, 1·88). This study suggests that vitamin D levels are significantly associated with NAFLD and that vitamin D acts as an independent factor for NAFLD prevalence, particularly in males in East China. Vitamin D interventional treatment might be a new target for controlling NAFLD; elucidating the mechanism requires further research.
34
He, Lian-Ping, Yu-Xin Song, Ting Zhu, Wei Gu, and Chang-Wei Liu. "Progress in the Relationship between Vitamin D Deficiency and the Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children." Journal of Diabetes Research 2022 (September 2, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5953562.
Full textAbstract:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease, due to a large number of islet β cells damaged, resulting in an absolute lack of insulin, ultimately relying on insulin therapy. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble sterol derivative that not only participates in calcium and phosphorus metabolism but also acts as an immunomodulatory role by binding to nuclear vitamin D receptors to regulate the expression of transcription factors. Increasing evidence has shown that vitamin D has immunoregulation and anti-inflammatory effects, and it may play a role in T cell regulatory responses due to downregulation in the expression of cathepsin G and inhibition of CD4+ T cell activation and protection of β cells from immune attack and is beneficial in decreasing oxidative stress in T1DM patients. Epidemiologic evidence demonstrates involvement of vitamin D deficiency in T1DM pathogenesis, with the immune system improperly targeting and destroying its own islet β cells. In addition, polymorphisms in genes critical for vitamin D metabolism may increase the risk of islet autoimmunity and T1DM. In this paper, the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the molecular mechanism of T1DM was discussed.
35
Permata, Mega, Harun Hudari, Mediarty, and Taufik Indrajaya. "The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on the Increase in CD4 count of HIV/AIDS Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy." Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 5, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/bsm.v5i1.186.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Vitamin D plays a role in health overall, but hypovitaminosis D stilloccurs throughout the world. HIV/AIDS patients are prone to suffer fromhypovitaminosis D because of the infection itself and the side effects of antiretroviraltherapy. Various effort have been tried to improve the immune status of HIV/AIDSpatients, one of them is by adding vitamin D. Vitamin D acts as an antiinflammatoryso that it can prevent apoptosis of CD4 T cells and increase CD4 cell count.Methods. This is a randomized control trial add on a study that aims to determinethe effect of vitamin D to increase in CD4 counts of HIV / AIDS patients who havereceived antiretroviral drugs. Subjects were HIV / AIDS patients who had receivedantiretroviral drugs. A total of 20 subjects were divided randomly into two groups;one group received vitamin D (calcitriol 0.5 mcg per day) for eight weeks, and theother group that received a placebo. Each group was measured of CD4 cell countbefore and after treatment. Results. There was a significant increase in the CD4 cellcount of the vitamin D group (p = 0.046), but not in the CD4 cell count of bothgroups (p = 0.985). The comparison of mean CD4 cell counts between groups beforetreatment was not significantly different (p = 0.057), but after treatment, it becamesignificantly different (p = 0.040). Conclusion. Vitamin D has been successful inincreasing CD4 cell count in the vitamin D group, and it is recommended to giveHIV / AIDS patients to increase CD4 cell count.
36
Hedström, Anna Karin, Tomas Olsson, Ingrid Kockum, Jan Hillert, and Lars Alfredsson. "Low sun exposure increases multiple sclerosis risk both directly and indirectly." Journal of Neurology 267, no. 4 (December 17, 2019): 1045–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-019-09677-3.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objective We aimed to study (1) to what extent the influence of low sun exposure on multiple sclerosis (MS) risk is mediated by low vitamin D levels; (2) whether low sun exposure or vitamin D deficiency act synergistically with HLA-DRB1*15:01 and absence of HLA-A*02:01. Methods We used two population-based case–control studies (7069 cases, 6632 matched controls). Subjects with different HLA alleles, sun exposure habits and vitamin D status were compared regarding MS risk, by calculating odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) employing logistic regression. Mediation analysis was used to identify the potential mediation effect of vitamin D on the relationship between low sun exposure and MS risk. Results Low sun exposure increased MS risk directly as well as indirectly, by affecting vitamin D status. The direct effect, expressed as OR, was 1.26 (95% CI 1.04–1.45) and the indirect effect, mediated by vitamin D deficiency, was 1.10 (95% CI 1.02–1.23). Of the total effect, nearly 30% was mediated by vitamin D deficiency. There was a significant interaction between low sun exposure and vitamin D deficiency (attributable proportion due to interaction 0.3, 95% CI 0.04–0.5) accounting for about 12% of the total effect. Further, both factors interacted with HLA-DRB1*15:01 to increase MS risk. Interpretation Our findings indicate that low sun exposure acts both directly on MS risk as well as indirectly, by leading to low vitamin D levels. The protective effect of sun exposure thus seems to involve both vitamin D and non-vitamin D pathways, which is of relevance for prevention, in particular for those with a genetic susceptibility to MS.
37
Agrawal, Ashok, and Anita Mehta. "Vitamin D acts as independently from glucocorticoid receptor in animal model of asthma." Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 8, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2021.012.
Full text
38
Farghali, Mahitab, Sara Ruga, Vera Morsanuto, and Francesca Uberti. "Can Brain Health Be Supported by Vitamin D-Based Supplements? A Critical Review." Brain Sciences 10, no. 9 (September 22, 2020): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10090660.
Full textAbstract:
This review presents recent knowledge on the neuroprotective effects of vitamin D and their usefulness as oral supplementation when combined with other molecules, such as curcumin. A critical look at the effectiveness of vitamin D in this field is also provided. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in neuroprotection and in the cognitive decline associated with aging, where vitamin D’s levels are related to the levels of several neurotrophic factors. An important role of vitamin D has also been observed in the mechanism of neuroinflammation, which is the basis of several aging conditions, including cognitive decline and neurodegeration; furthermore, the neuroprotective effect of vitamin D in the cognitive decline of aging has recently been reported. For this reason, many food supplements created for humans contain vitamin D alone or combined with other molecules with antioxidant properties. However, recent studies also explored negative consequences of the use at a high dosage of vitamin D. Vitamin D in tissues or brain cells can also modulate calbindin-D28K, parvalbumin, and calretinin, and is involved in immune function, thanks also to the combination with curcumin. Curcumin acts as a free radical scavenger and antioxidant, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage. In particular, curcumin is a potent immune-regulatory agent and its administration has been reported to attenuate cognitive impairments. These effects could be exploited in the future to control the mechanisms that lead to the brain decay typical of neurodegenerative diseases.
39
Berridge, Michael J. "Vitamin D deficiency: infertility and neurodevelopmental diseases (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, and schizophrenia)." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 314, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): C135—C151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00188.2017.
Full textAbstract:
The process of development depends on a number of signaling systems that regulates the progressive sequence of developmental events. Infertility and neurodevelopmental diseases, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, and schizophrenia, are caused by specific alterations in these signaling processes. Calcium signaling plays a prominent role throughout development beginning at fertilization and continuing through early development, implantation, and organ differentiation such as heart and brain development. Vitamin D plays a major role in regulating these signaling processes that control development. There is an increase in infertility and an onset of neurodevelopmental diseases when vitamin D is deficient. The way in which vitamin D deficiency acts to alter development is a major feature of this review. One of the primary functions of vitamin D is to maintain the phenotypic stability of both the Ca2+ and redox signaling pathways that play such a key role throughout development.
40
Putra, Harika, Efrida, and Rismawati Yaswir. "Vitamin D Levels among Hospitalized and Non-Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang." European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 3, no. 6 (December 10, 2021): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.6.1131.
Full textAbstract:
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes immune system dysregulation and an exaggerated systemic inflammatory response. Vitamin D acts as an immunomodulator that enhances the immunity defense. Low levels of vitamin D affect the severity of COVID-19 infection. This study aims to determine vitamin D levels in hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients. A case-control study was conducted involving 62 COVID-19 patients, equally divided into hospitalized and non-hospitalized groups at RSUP dr. M. Djamil, Padang from February to September 2020. Serum vitamin D levels were measured using the Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a level less than 20 ng/mL. The hospitalized group consisted of moderate to critical COVID-19 patients, whereas the non-hospitalized group consisted of the asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients according to the Indonesian Ministry of Health Guidelines. All data were analyzed using a T-test and Chi-square with a significant p-value of 0.05. The results showed that most subjects were women between 21–60 years. The mean level of vitamin D (ng/mL) in the hospitalized group was lower than in the non-hospitalized group (15.5 ± 7.72 vs. 19.2 ± 14.30; 95% CI -9.509–2.167; p=0.213). Vitamin D deficiency affected hospitalized group more than the non-hospitalized group, but not statistically significant (71% vs. 64.5%, p=0.566). It indicated the role of vitamin D in preventing immune system hyperactivation causing COVID-19 cytokine storm. This study concluded no difference in vitamin D levels among the study groups. Nevertheless, further research on vitamin D is needed to determine its role and benefits against COVID-19 infection.
41
Garibeh, E., S. А. Bondаr, N. I. Tokarchuk, and Y. V. Vyzgha. "Charactirestics of vitamin D level in patients with atopic dermatitis." Medicni perspektivi 27, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2022.3.265954.
Full textAbstract:
The peculiarity of the skin is that it acts not only as a place of synthesis of vitamin D, but also as an organ targeted for its biologically active form. The aim of our study was to analyze the level of vitamin D in patients with atopic dermatitis. There were examined 48 people aged between 18 to 55 years; they are residents of Vinnytsia and Vinnytsia region. Serum levels of vitamin D, total IgE and eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) were determined in the subjects. The average level of vitamin D in the serum of patients with atopic dermatitis was 19.2 [11.3-25.4] ng/ml, which corresponded to a deficiency. Among those surveyed, vitamin D deficiency was found in 68.4±4.7% (n=26) while vitamin D insufficiency in 31.6±4.5% (n=12). The severe course of the disease prevailed among patients aged 18-40 years (63.33±8.79) % more than in the age group of 41 years and older, (36.67±8.8%, p<0.05; OR=2.98, S=0.53, 95% SI:1.04-8.52). The proportion of people with vitamin D deficiency and moderate severity of atopic dermatitis was 62.5% (n=10) with a median level of 14 [8.3–19] ng/ml, and patients with severe atopic dermatitis made up 90.9% (n=20) (χ²=4.6; p=0.023), in which the median level of vitamin D was 14 [8.3-19] ng/ml. Serum vitamin D levels were in the zone of deficiency in patients with moderate and severe atopic dermatitis. Vitamin D deficiency was significantly more common in the group of patients with elevated levels of allergic inflammation markers. A positive correlation of medium strength between the level of vitamin D and ECP in the serum of patients with atopic dermatitis (rs=0.53, p<0.001), was revealed.
42
Krishna, Smriti Murali. "Vitamin D as A Protector of Arterial Health: Potential Role in Peripheral Arterial Disease Formation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 19 (October 3, 2019): 4907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194907.
Full textAbstract:
Atherosclerotic occlusive diseases and aneurysms that affect large and medium-sized arteries outside the cardiac and cerebral circulation are collectively known as peripheral arterial disease (PAD). With a rise in the rate of aging population worldwide, the number of people diagnosed with PAD is rapidly increasing. The micronutrient vitamin D is an important steroid hormone that acts on many crucial cellular mechanisms. Experimental studies suggest that optimal levels of vitamin D have beneficial effects on the heart and blood vessels; however, high vitamin D concentrations have been implicated in promoting vascular calcification and arterial stiffness. Observations from various clinical studies shows that deficiency of vitamin D has been associated with a greater risk of PAD. Epidemiological studies have often reported an inverse relation between circulating vitamin D status measured in terms of 25-hydroxivitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and increased cardiovascular disease risk; however, randomized controlled trials did not show a consistent positive effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular disease risk or events. Even though PAD shares all the major risk factors with cardiovascular diseases, the effect of vitamin D deficiency in PAD is not clear. Current evidence suggests a strong role of vitamin D in promoting genomic and epigenomic changes. This review summarises the current literature that supports the notion that vitamin D deficiency may promote PAD formation. A better understanding of underlying pathological mechanisms will open up new therapeutic possibilities which is the main unmet need in PAD management. Furthermore, epigenetic evidence shows that a more holistic approach towards PAD prevention that incorporates a healthy lifestyle, adequate exercise and optimal nutrition may be more effective in protecting the genome and maintaining a healthy vasculature.
43
Moise, Alida, and Carmen Balescu-Arion. "Vitamin D and the Immune System. When? Why? How?" Central European Annals of Clinical Research 2, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35995/ceacr2010001.
Full textAbstract:
Vitamin D, called “the sunshine vitamin” is essential for the good functioning of the human body. Vitamin D generates its principal effects via the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a specific zinc-finger nuclear receptor, located primarily in the nuclei of target cells. VDR is present in most tissues and cells in the body such as in the: digestive system, cardiovascular system, immune system. This receptor represents the key to the understanding of vitamin D non-skeletal effects. Recently, some data were published on the correlation between vitamin D levels and sepsis, indicating a prevalence of vitamin D deficiency of approximately 61.6% in sepsis patients and of 74% in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU). Vitamin D deficiency in critically ill patients is associated with infection and sepsis, and this association is based on the relation between vitamin D and inflammatory cytokine. Vitamin D, via VDR influences the secretion of cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. Practically, vitamin D acts as an immunomodulator stimulating the differentiation of cells of the innate immune system and, regulating T and B cell proliferation. The data clearly show predominant effects of vitamin D on the adaptive immune function. Vitamin D modulates the T cell phenotype specially that of CD4+ helper T cells (Th1, Th2, as well as Th17 sub-grups). The amplitude of the response to vitamin D depends on a cell’s state of activation, as the number of VDR in inactive cells is low, but may increase five times after activation It was found that the intestinal expression of VDR regulates the host’s microbiome and mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics. A low level of vitamin D in ICU patients is demonstrated and has many causes. The rapid correction of this deficiency by administering very high doses of vitamin D is possible without causing adverse effects like hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria. Vitamin D is more than just a vitamin. It has clear effects on the immune system, in particular in patients with autoimmune diseases and critically ill. Currently, the majority of data strongly support the association, between low vitamin D levels and sepsis rather than a causal relation. Vitamin D is emerging as a promising and relatively safe nutrient for developing new preventive strategies and adjuvant treatments of diseases, caused by impaired immune-homeostasis. In addition, its supplmentation is very easy and safe.
44
Lu, Chien-Lin, Dong-Feng Yeih, Yi-Chou Hou, Guey-Mei Jow, Zong-Yu Li, Wen-Chih Liu, Cai-Mei Zheng, et al. "The Emerging Role of Nutritional Vitamin D in Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in CKD." Nutrients 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2018): 1890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10121890.
Full textAbstract:
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), hyperphosphatemia induces fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) expression that disturbs renal 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25D) synthesis; thereby increasing parathyroid hormone (PTH) production. FGF-23 acts on the parathyroid gland (PTG) to increase 1α-hydroxylase activity and results in increase intra-gland 1,25D production that attenuates PTH secretion efficiently if sufficient 25D are available. Interesting, calcimimetics can further increase PTG 1α-hydroxylase activity that emphasizes the demand for nutritional vitamin D (NVD) under high PTH status. In addition, the changes in hydroxylase enzyme activity highlight the greater parathyroid 25-hydroxyvitmain D (25D) requirement in secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT); the higher proportion of oxyphil cells as hyperplastic parathyroid progression; lower cytosolic vitamin D binding protein (DBP) content in the oxyphil cell; and calcitriol promote vitamin D degradation are all possible reasons supports nutritional vitamin D (NVD; e.g., Cholecalciferol) supplement is crucial in SHPT. Clinically, NVD can effectively restore serum 25D concentration and prevent the further increase in PTH level. Therefore, NVD might have the benefit of alleviating the development of SHPT in early CKD and further lowering PTH in moderate to severe SHPT in dialysis patients.
45
Wulansari, Devyani D., Indi R. Tsani, and Rahmad A. Prasetya. "Correlation between Serum Level of Vitamin D and Covid-19 Infection Severity: A Literature Review." Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 174–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15416/ijcp.2022.11.2.174.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, infectious diseases caused by viruses have become one of the biggest global health problems, including coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) infection. Covid-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which can induce immune responses and inflammatory reactions, thereby leading to the damage of tissues. Hyperinflammation due to cytokine storm in infected patients increases the risk of severe infection and death. Vitamin D can also reduce the severity of infections because it acts as an immunomodulator. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D on Covid-19 infections. A total of nine articles were collected using literature searching on several databases, such as PUBMED and Science Direct with the keywords of “Covid-19”, “immunomodulator”, and “vitamin D”. Five of them were observational or retrospective studies, which determined the correlation between serum concentration of vitamin D and Covid-19 infection severity. Meanwhile, another four articles were random clinical trials testing the effect of the drugs’s supplementation on infected people. The results showed that high levels of serum vitamin D can cause low concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which reduces the incidence of acute respiratory infections and the severity of the viral infection. Furthermore, vitamin D, specifically D3, has the potential to act as an immunomodulator in Covid-19 by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby reducing the risk of severity.
46
Bikle, Daniel D. "Vitamin D receptor, a tumor suppressor in skin." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 93, no. 5 (May 2015): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2014-0367.
Full textAbstract:
Vitamin D and calcium are well-established regulators of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, it was not a great surprise that deletion of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) should predispose the skin to tumor formation, and that the combination of deleting both the VDR and calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) should be especially pro-oncogenic. In this review I have examined 4 mechanisms that appear to underlie the means by which VDR acts as a tumor suppressor in skin. First, DNA damage repair is curtailed in the absence of the VDR, allowing mutations in DNA to accumulate. Second and third involve the increased activation of the hedgehog and β-catenin pathways in the epidermis in the absence of the VDR, leading to poorly regulated proliferation with reduced differentiation. Finally, VDR deletion leads to a shift in the expression of long noncoding RNAs toward a more oncogenic profile. How these different mechanisms interact and their relative importance in the predisposition of the VDR null epidermis to tumor formation remain under active investigation.
47
Tkach, S. M., V. I. Pankiv, and I. V. Pankiv. "Modern views on the metabolism and biological effects of vitamin D." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine) 18, no. 2 (April 22, 2022): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0721.18.2.2022.1156.
Full textAbstract:
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that plays a crucial role in maintaining normal bone condition and calcium homeostasis. In recent years, vitamin D has become a hot topic of endocrinological research, largely Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the likely correlation between hypovitaminosis D and a high risk of chronic lung disease and associated mortality. Recent studies have shown that vitamin D exhibits a complex multistage metabolism and acts as a hormone on many extracellular targets. This review examines some new intriguing and as yet unclear aspects of vitamin D metabolism, such as new concepts of enzyme regulation, new pleiotropic effects of vitamin D receptor activation (VDR), and epigenetic effects. The mechanisms of vitamin D synthesis in the skin, its metabolism in the hepatic cytochrome P450 system, catabolism, metabolites and transport, gene control and epigenetic modulation are considered in Detail. In addition to the well-known role of vitamin D in calcium and bone metabolism, it has many pleiotropic extraskeletal effects, including potent effects on the immune system, cardiovascular system, adipose tissue and glucose/lipid metabolism, muscle and more. Experimental studies have shown that VDRs are expressed by cancer cell lines. Recent studies have shown a link between low levels of vitamin D and almost all aspects of the metabolic syndrome, such as type 2 diabetes, fasting blood glucose, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity and insulin resistance. Several studies have focused on the role of vitamin D in adipose tissue biology. In particular, a negative correlation between vitamin D and leptin or resistin is shown, as well as an inverse correlation with adiponectin. Recent studies in vitamin D-deficient mice have shown impaired secretion of glucose-stimulated insulin by pancreatic islets. Vitamin D is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of cancer, and vitamin D analogues can slow cancer progression and metastasis. It is concluded that vitamin D is a molecule with several endocrine, paracrine and autocrine effects on many tissues and organs, in addition to maintaining skeletal homeostasis. Research in this area, which aims to clarify the pleiotropy of many effects of vitamin D and its metabolites, continues.
48
Hardi, Elsi Rahmadhani, Yuliarni Syafrita, and Syarif Indra. "Serum Vitamin D Levels Related to Cognitive Function in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients." Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 6, no. 13 (September 29, 2022): 2542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/bsm.v6i13.640.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Vitamin D acts as a neuroprotector and modulator in the central nervous system. Hypovitaminosis is a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction. Hypovitaminosis D and impaired cognitive function are common in patients with chronic kidney disease. Impaired cognitive function is comorbid that can increase the morbidity and mortality of patients with chronic kidney disease. This study aims to assess the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and cognitive function in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Methods: This research is an observational study with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 60 research subjects participated in this study. Sociodemographic data, cognitive function, and vitamin D levels were analyzed in this study. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 25 to perform univariate and bivariate tests.
Results: The impaired cognitive function was found in 56.7% of CKD patients. The median serum vitamin D level of patients with chronic kidney disease with impaired cognitive function was 30.80 ng/mL and without impaired cognitive function 42.98 ng/mL. There was a significant relationship between serum vitamin D levels and impaired cognitive function (OR=4.125, p=0.035). The cut-off point of serum vitamin D levels associated with impaired cognitive function in CKD patients was 34.8 ng/mL (sensitivity 64.7% and specificity 69.2%).
Conclusion:There is a significant relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the incidence of cognitive dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease. The cut-off point for serum vitamin D levels associated with impaired cognitive function in chronic kidney disease is 34.8 ng/mL.
49
Reynolds, Carmen J., Nicholas J. Koszewski, Ronald L. Horst, Donald C. Beitz, and Jesse P. Goff. "Oral 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol Acts as an Agonist in the Duodenum of Mice and as Modeled in Cultured Human HT-29 and Caco2 Cells." Journal of Nutrition 150, no. 3 (October 26, 2019): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz261.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Background 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D] is the predominant circulating metabolite of vitamin D and serves as the precursor for 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D], the hormonally active form. The presence of 1α-hydroxylase (1α-OHase) in the intestine suggests that 1,25(OH)2D can be produced from 25(OH)D, but the effects of oral 25(OH)D on the intestine have not been determined. Objectives We investigated the acute intestinal response to orally consumed 25(OH)D in mice by assessing mRNA induction of cytochrome p450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 (Cyp24), a vitamin D–dependent gene. The mechanism of action then was determined through in vitro analyses with Caco2 and HT-29 cells. Methods Adult male C57BL6 mice were given a single oral dose of 40, 80, 200, or 400 ng 25(OH)D (n = 4 per dose) or vehicle (n = 3), and then killed 4 h later to evaluate the duodenal expression of Cyp24 mRNA by qPCR and RNA in situ hybridization. The 25(OH)D-mediated response was also evaluated with Caco2 and HT-29 cells by inhibition assay and dose-response analysis. A cytochrome p450 family 27 subfamily B member 1 (CYP27B1) knockdown of HT-29 was created to compare the dose-response parameters with wild-type HT-29 cells. Results Oral 25(OH)D induced expression of Cyp24 mRNA in the duodenum of mice with 80 ng 25(OH)D by 3.3 ± 0.8 ΔΔCt compared with controls (P < 0.05). In vitro, both Caco2 and HT-29 cells responded to 25(OH)D treatment with 200-fold and 175-fold greater effective concentration at 50% maximal response than 1,25(OH)2D, yet inhibition of 1α-OHase and knockdown of CYP27B1 had no effect on the responses. Conclusions In mice, orally consumed 25(OH)D elicits a vitamin D–mediated response in the duodenum. In vitro assessments suggest that the response from 25(OH)D does not require activation by 1α-OHase and that 25(OH)D within the intestinal lumen acts as a vitamin D receptor agonist.
50
Small, Annabelle, Sarah Harvey, Jaspreet Kaur, Trishni Putty, Alex Quach, Usma Munawara, Charles Hii, and Antonio Ferrante. "Vitamin D promotes anti-microbial activity of macrophages via Complement Receptor Immunoglobulin." Journal of Immunology 202, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2019): 126.34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.126.34.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Vitamin D deficiency remains of major global concern, affecting up to half of the population at some stage of life. Although the use of vitamin D to treat infections has been studied over several decades, the mechanisms involved still remain to be elucidated. There has been a major focus on the effects of vitamin D on innate immunity and macrophages, one of the few cell types that can synthesize active vitamin D. Here, we examined whether vitamin D exerts its anti-microbial effects through Complement Receptor Immunoglobulin (CRIg), a phagocytosis-promoting receptor unique to macrophages. Using a series of in vitro culture methods of human macrophages, we show that CRIg expression by macrophages is increased at the mRNA and protein level by the active derivative 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), while having no effect on the expression of the classical complement receptors, CR3 (CD11b) and CR4 (CD11c). This upregulation of CRIg was associated with an enhanced anti-microbial capability by the cell against the pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Furthermore, using the synthetic triacylated lipopeptide Pam3CSK4, we show that macrophages require activation to convert vitamin D to the active 1,25D, which then in turn acts in an autocrine manner to upregulate expression of CRIg. These findings suggest that a major innate defense mechanism against both bacterial and fungal pathogens controlled by vitamin D is through the regulation of CRIg expression in macrophages.