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1
McDowell, L. R. "Vitamin nutrition of livestock animals: Overview from vitamin discovery to today." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 86, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a05-057.
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The term “vitamin” or “vitamine” was first used in 1912. What later became known as vitamin deficiency diseases — scurvy, beriberi, night blindness and xeropthalmia — had plagued the world from antiquity. From 1900 through the 1930s, experiments with animals helped to advance knowledge of vitamins considerably. There are 15 vitamins of significance for livestock. A number of factors influence vitamin requirements and vitamin utilization, including physiological make-up and production function; confinement rearing without pasture; stress, disease and adverse environmental conditions; vitamin antagonists; use of antimicrobial drugs; and body vitamin reserves. Under commercial livestock and poultry production conditions, vitamin allowances higher than National Research Council (USA) requirements may be needed for optimum performance. Generally, the optimum vitamin supplementation level is the quantity that achieves the best growth rate, feed utilization and health (including immune competency), while also providing adequate body reserves. Key words: Vitamins, history, deficiency, requirements, supplementation
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Fahad Aldaihani, Saad. "VITAMIN DEFICIENCY AND FOOD SUPPLEMENTS." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 540–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13941.
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Vitamins are a heterogeneous group of organic compounds that help ensure the human bodys wellbeing and function. This paper introduces the importance of all vitamins, both water-soluble and fat-soluble, as well as problems deriving from their deficiency. Additionally, vitamin supplements as part of treating vitamin deficiency, and possible harmful effects on the human body areshowcased. The main focus of the paper is on the vitamin B complex, and vitamin B12 specifically. The benefits of vitamin B12, as well as its action in the human body and the noxious effects of any lack of vitamin B12 in the human body, are also discussed. Some of the health conditionsan individual may need to face when they have vitamin B12 deficiency include neural tube defects, Alzheimers disease, depression, and megaloblastic anaemia, which are also introduced and further discussed, in terms of symptomatology, causes and suggested treatment. The toxicity of vitamin B12 is also introduced, and possible causes for vitamin B12 deficiency are showcased.
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Khan, Nauman, and Tahmina. "Vitamin D Deficiency in the Elderly Patients and Role of Vitamin D in the Prevention of COVID-19 Infection." European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 3, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.2.765.
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SARS Covid'19 is declared as a global pandemic by World Health Organization [1]. The aim of this short report is to find out the association of Vitamin D in prevention of Covid'19 in elderly patients who are already having other co-morbidities. People of any age are susceptible to Corona virus but the elderly patients and patients with chronic underlying diseases are at higher risk. Many elderly patients with COVID-19 are at risk of mal-nutrition [2].
Vitamins are of two types, Lipid soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins [3]. Lipid soluble vitamins can be stored in the body while water soluble vitamins cannot be stored in the body, hence needed to take regularly [4]. Vitamin D is a lipid soluble vitamin also it can be synthesized by our own body.
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Moriya, Aya, Tsutomu Fukuwatari, and Katsumi Shibata. "Excess Vitamin Intake before Starvation does not Affect Body Mass, Organ Mass, or Blood Variables but Affects Urinary Excretion of Riboflavin in Starving Rats." Nutrition and Metabolic Insights 6 (January 2013): NMI.S12060. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/nmi.s12060.
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B-vitamins are important for producing energy from amino acids, fatty acids, and glucose. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of excess vitamin intake before starvation on body mass, organ mass, blood, and biological variables as well as on urinary excretion of riboflavin in rats. Adult rats were fed two types of diets, one with a low vitamin content (minimum vitamin diet for optimum growth) and one with a sufficient amount of vitamins (excess vitamin diet). Body mass, organ mass, and blood variables were not affected by excess vitamin intake before starvation. Interestingly, urinary riboflavin excretion showed a different pattern. Urine riboflavin in the excess vitamin intake group declined gradually during starvation, whereas it increased in the low vitamin intake group. Excess vitamin intake before starvation does not affect body mass, organ mass, or blood variables but does affect the urinary excretion of riboflavin in starving rats.
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Mochulska, O. M., O. R. Boyarchuk, M. I. Kinash, T. O. Vorontsova, and L. A. Volianska. "The effects of vitamins A, E, D, disorders of their metabolism and the assessment of level of vitamin security in children (literature review)." Modern pediatrics. Ukraine, no. 2(114) (March 27, 2021): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/sp.2021.114.58.
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Vitamins are a group of biologically highly active, low molecular weight organic compounds of various chemical nature, which are practically not synthesized in the human body or are synthesized in insufficient quantities, mainly income with food, and are vital to ensure for the flow and regulation of metabolic processes in the body. Vitamins are micronutrients that are among the essential (essential) factors of nutrition, their content in food is small, usually in the range from 10 to 100 mg/100 g. Vitamins have an exceptional property — the ability to high biological activity in small doses, without being a source of energy or plastic material, act as biological catalysts for vital body functions. According to physicochemical properties and solubility, vitamins A, E, D belong to fat-soluble, are characterized by thermal stability, resistant to cysts and alkalis, their main characteristic is the ability to promote the assimilation of mаcro- and microelements. Vitamins A, E, D are needed at all stages of growth and development of the child's body, the processes of adaptation. The main types of vitamins metabolism disorders are vitamin deficiency, hypo-, hyper- and dysvitaminosis, polyvitaminosis. It is important to constantly monitor the sufficient content of each vitamins in the daily diet of children. The following methods of assessing vitamin supply are known: clinical, biochemical, calculation of vitamin content. Purpose — to increase knowledgment about the effects of vitamins A, E, D, their importance in metabolism, to analyze the main types of their metabolism disorders, to present possible methods for assessing the supply of vitamins in children. Conclusions. The child's body needs a constant supply of vitamins to maintain their amount at the required level. All vital processes take place in the body during the direct participation of vitamins. Future research in the field of the vitamins A, E, D effects will contribute to a better understanding of their role in ensuring the optimal functioning in a human body. Screening and elimination of vitamin A, E, D deficiency in children can not only improve health, but also help increase the life quality. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: vitamins A, E, D, vitamin deficiency, hypovitaminosis, hypervitaminosis, dysvitaminosis, polyvitaminosis, children.
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Fenti, Fenti, Agustinus Widodo, and Jamaluddin Jamaluddin. "ANALYSIS OF VITAMIN B-COMPLEX OF EEL FISH (ANGUILLA MARMORATA (Q.) GAIMARD) ON ELVER PHASE ORIGIN LAKE POSO." Ghidza: Jurnal Gizi dan Kesehatan 2, no. 2 (January 10, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/gjgk.v2i2.11321.
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Background & Objective: Vitamins are complex organic substances that are needed by the body in small amounts, usually cannot be synthesized by the body but are important in metabolic processes one of which is vitamin B. Vitamin B consists of vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B9 and B12. Eel is one of the fish that has a high nutrient content, one of which is vitamin B. This study aims to determine the levels of vitamin B (B1, B2, B3, B6, B9 and B12) in Eel fish (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) on Elver phase from Lake Poso. Material and Methods: Determination of vitamin B1, B2, B3, B6 and B9 using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography), and vitamin B12 using LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) . Results: The levels of vitamin B2, B3 and B12is 0.133 mg/100g, 1.895 mg/100g, and 0.017mg/100g, whereas in vitamin B1, B6 and B9 is not detected. Conclusion: Eel fish (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) on Elver phase from Lake Poso can be used as a source of vitamins B2, B3 and B12.
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Csapó, J., Cs Albert, and J. Prokisch. "The role of vitamins in the diet of the elderly II. Water-soluble vitamins." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Alimentaria 10, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 146–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausal-2017-0010.
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AbstractFollowing a presentation of humans’ water-soluble vitamin requirements, the authors will discuss in detail the role these vitamins play in human organism and outline those major biochemical processes that are negatively affected in the body in case of vitamin deficiency. They point out that in the elderly population of developed countries cases of water-soluble vitamin deficiency are extremely rare and they are due to the lack of dietary vitamin, but mostly to the vitamin being released from its bindings, the difficulty of free vitamin absorption, gastrointestinal problems, medication, and often alcoholism. Among water-soluble vitamins, B12is the only one with a sufficient storage level in the body, capable of preventing deficiency symptoms for a long period of time in cases of vitamin-deficient nutrition. Each type of vitamin is dealt with separately in discussing the beneficial outcomes of their overconsumption regarding health, while the authors of the article also present cases with contradictory results. Daily requirements are set forth for every water-soluble vitamin and information is provided on the types of nutrients that help us to the water-soluble vitamins essential for the organism.
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Yatsenko, Anna, Lidiya Trankovskaya, and Olga Artyulova. "DIAGNOSIS OF ORAL MUCOSAL PATHOLOGY IN PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF GROUP B VITAMIN IMBALANCE." Actual problems in dentistry 16, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-20-16-4-77-83.
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Subject. The scientific works of recent years show an increase in the degree of negative impact of vitamin deficiency and vitamin-like substances on the state of health of the population. With the deficiency of most vitamins, synthetic processes and regeneration of oral tissues are reduced, so often the initial signs of hypovitaminosis are stomatitis, gingivitis, glossitis, and therefore, it is dentists who are the first to diagnose deviations in the body associated with vitamin deficiency. This justifies the relevance and practical value of studying and describing clinical cases of manifestations of deficient vitamin conditions in the oral cavity.
The object – is to study the effect of B vitamins on the oral mucosa in order to increase the effectiveness of diagnosis of vitamin-deficient conditions of the human body.
Methodology. These clinical examples illustrate the management experience of patients with manifestations of deficient vitamin conditions on the oral mucosa. Clinical and laboratory methods of diagnosing the analysed conditions of the organism were applied. Statistical processing of materials was carried out using the STATISTICA 10 software (StatSoft, Inc., USA).
Results. The deficient condition of the organism in relation to vitamins B2, B6, B12 in patients 18-75 years old has been studied. Characteristic clinical changes on the oral mucosa of the examined patients were established. So, in most patients with vitamin B2 deficiency, the classic Sebrel triad was found: dermatitis, glossitis, cheilitis. In those examined with a lack of vitamin B6, language desquamations (smoothed, polished language) were determined in the 83.6%, often combined with glossodinia. Patients with vitamin B12 deficiency were characterized by a lesion in the form of Meller-Gunter glossitis in 74.9% of cases, moreover, 67.6% of patients showed paresthesia in the area of tongue and oral mucosa.
Conclusions. The study found that the first clinical symptoms of deficient conditions of the presented vitamins of group B were found from the oral cavity. Thus, it is the dentist who is the first to diagnose the pathological states of lack of group B vitamins in the human body, which emphasizes the importance and relevance of continuing to study these states of the body.
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Godswill, Awuchi Godswill, Igwe Victory Somtochukwu, Amagwula O. Ikechukwu, and Echeta Chinelo Kate. "Health Benefits of Micronutrients (Vitamins and Minerals) and their Associated Deficiency Diseases: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Food Sciences 3, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijf.1024.
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The research focused on the benefits of micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and their associated deficiency diseases and health complications. Micronutrients are essential elements required by human and other organisms in varying quantities throughout life to coordinate a range of physiological functions for health maintenance. For human nutrition, micronutrients are required in amounts generally below 100 milligrams per day, while macronutrients are required in gram amounts daily. Vitamins and minerals are essential micronutrients. Essential nutrients cannot be synthesized in humans, either at all or may be in insufficient amounts, and therefore must be obtained by the diet. Vitamin C can be synthesized by some organisms but not by others; it is not a vitamin in the first instance but is in the second. In humans there are 13 vitamins: 9 water-soluble (8 B vitamins and vitamin C) and 4 fat-soluble (A, D, E, and K). Vitamins A and D can amass in the body, which may result in dangerous hypervitaminosis. Anti-vitamins inhibit the actions or absorption of vitamins; avidin inhibits biotin absorption, although it is deactivated by cooking; Pyrithiamine inhibits enzymes that use vitamin B1. The four key structural elements in human body (oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen) by weight, are often not included in the lists of major nutrient minerals (nitrogen is a "mineral" for plants, as it is often included in fertilizers). These four key elements compose around 96% of the weight of human body, and the major minerals (macrominerals) and minor minerals (trace elements) compose the remaining percent. The five major minerals in the the human body are calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and magnesium (macrominerals or macroelements). The trace elements with specific biochemical function in human body are iodine, sulfur, zinc, iron, chlorine, cobalt, copper, manganese, molybdenum, and selenium. Calcium makes up 920 to 1200 g of body weight (about 1.5% of body weight) of an adult, with 99% of it contained in the bones and teeth. Phosphorus occurs in amounts of around 2/3 of calcium, and makes up approximately 1% of an individual's body weight. The other macroelements (potassium, sodium, magnesium, chlorine, and sulfur) make up only around 0.85% of the body weight
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Bsoul, Samer A., and Geza T. Terezhalmy. "Vitamin C in Health and Disease." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 5, no. 2 (2004): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-5-2-1.
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Abstract Vitamins are essential to maintain normal metabolic processes and homeostasis within the body. The amount of a specific vitamin required by an individual varies considerably and it is influenced by such factors as body size, growth rate, physical activity, and pregnancy. Most vitamins are stored minimally in human cells, but some are stored in liver cells to a greater extent. Vitamins A and D, for example, may be stored in sufficient amounts to maintain an individual without any intake for 5 to 10 months and 2 to 4 months, respectively. However, a deficiency of vitamin B compounds (except vitamin B12) may be noted within days, and the lack of vitamin C will manifest within weeks and may result in death in 5 to 6 months. The current recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of vitamin C is 75 mg for woman and 90 mg for men, based on the vitamin's role as an antioxidant as well as protection from deficiency. High intakes of the vitamin are generally well tolerated, however, a Tolerable Upper Level (TUL) was recently set at 2 g based on gastrointestinal upset that sometimes accompanies excessive dosages. Several populations warrant special attention with respect to vitamin C requirements. These include patients with periodontal disease, smokers, pregnant and lactating women, and the elderly. Citation Bsoul SA, Terezhalmy GT. Vitamin C in Health and Disease. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 May;(5)2:001-013.
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Hinson, Rodney, Katherine McCormick, Ronny Moser, Matthew Ackerman, Rodger Main, and Julie Mahoney. "Reduced vitamin supplementation with fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E added at National Research Council requirements may not be adequate for optimal sow and progeny performance." Journal of Swine Health and Production 30, no. 2 (March 2, 2022): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1259.
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Objective: To evaluate performance and physiological vitamin status of sows and progeny fed 2 vitamin supplementation levels, industry vs reduced (all vitamins reduced with fat-soluble vitamins added at National Research Council recommendations). Materials and methods: Sows (n = 244) were allotted in a randomized complete block design to 1 of 2 vitamin supplementation levels. At weaning, 765 progeny from a subset of sows were allotted to treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of two sow and two nursery vitamin supplementation levels with 15 pens/treatment. Performance and vitamin status of sows and progeny were measured from farrowing to nursery exit. Results: Reduced vitamin supplementation reduced sow lactation feed intake (P = .01), hepatic vitamin A (P = .001), and serum vitamin D (P < .001), but did not affect sow body weight or litter performance. Regardless of vitamin levels fed to the sow, progeny fed reduced levels post weaning had decreased circulating (P < .001) and stored (P = .03) vitamin levels and a reduction in average daily gain (P < .001), average daily feed intake (P < .001), gain:feed ratio (P = .002), and body weight (P < .001) at the end of the nursery period compared to progeny fed industry levels. Implications: Reduced vitamin supplementation reduced sow feed intake without affecting sow or litter performance, but decreased circulating and stored vitamin levels in sows could impact long-term reproductive performance. Reduced vitamin inclusion levels in nursery diets reduced performance and serum vitamin concentrations compared to industry vitamin levels.
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Posea, Mihaela, Andreea Dragomir, Emilia Rusu, Raluca Nan, Ramona Draguţ, Horaţiu Popescu, Florentina Stoicescu, et al. "Evaluation of dietary habits and nutritional content of food intake in overweight and obese patients." Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjdnmd-2014-0005.
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Abstract Background and Aims To document the nutritional content of food intake in overweight and obese people, in order to change dietary habits for acquiring the normal weight. Material and methods We assessed the nutritional content of food intake (kilocalories, vitamins and minerals) in a sample of 124 overweight and obese people and 33 subjects with normal weight. We also measured abdominal circumference, percent of body fat and resting metabolic rate. Results Overweight and obese patients, compared to normal weight, have a significant increased intake of vitamin A (p=0.002), vitamin B1 (p=0.037), vitamin B5 (p=0.047), vitamin C (p=0.029) and vitamin D (p=0.015), sodium (p=0.036), iron (p=0.032) and selenium (p=0.007). The percent of body fat in obese persons is increased (p=0.00001) and very close to abnormal in patients with no weight problems. An increased food intake, above the calculated resting metabolic rate, is associated with a slower metabolism and a rapid resting metabolic rate is often associated with food intake below resting metabolic rate (p=0.002). Conclusions All subjects had imbalanced intake of vitamins and minerals. The normal weight group didn’t achieve the dietary recommendations for vitamins and minerals and we found that these subjects had risk factors for cardiac diseases like increased abdominal circumference, body fat and sodium intake.
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Starostina, L. S. "Vitamin and mineral supply in children: a pediatrician’s view." Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health 3, no. 4 (2020): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-4-319-325.
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The important role of vitamins for bodily functions was described for the first time by Russian pediatrician N.I. Lunin as early as in 1880. Since then, doctors, biologists, researchers, and other experts have focused on the effects of vitamins on human body and their role in various processes. In 2017, the Union of Pediatricians of Russia has developed “National program of the optimization of vitamin and mineral supply of Russian children” based on the monitoring of child nutrition. Treatment of multivitamin deficiency involves additional intake of missing substances as well as the improvement of their absorption and their synthesis in human body. The vast majority of vitamin and mineral supplements contain daily-recommended amounts of essential vitamins and microelements. However, not all substances are completely absorbed since patients with multivitamin deficiency often have gut microbiome abnormalities resulting in poor availability of supplemented vitamins and minerals. This paper discusses the rationale of additional vitamins, their role in bodily functions, and signs of vitamin deficiency. KEYWORDS: children, prevention, vitamins, microelements, macroelements, micronutrients, harmonious development, immunity, microbiota, Bifidobacterium. FOR CITATION: Starostina L.S. Vitamin and mineral supply in children: a pediatrician’s view. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2020;3(4):319–324. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-4-319-325.
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Mihniova, Nataliia. "The Relevance of Correction of Vitamin-mineral Deficiencies in Adults and Children." Family Medicine, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30841/2307-5112.4.2016.248520.
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Nutrient deficiency in the diet increases the risk of various diseases. The article discusses the physiological role of vitamins and minerals, especially vitamin1mineral metabolism in the human body, the main causes of their deficiency in the diet. Recommendations for the prevention and correction of vitamin and mineral deficiencies using customized vitamin and vitamin-mineral complexes.
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EI, Adeyeye. "Vitamin Levels in Fresh and Smoke-Dried Body Parts of Clarias Gariepinus Depicting the Loss of Vitamins during Heat Processing." Food Science & Nutrition Technology 4, no. 5 (September 19, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/fsnt-16000191.
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Water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamin contents were determined on both wet and dry bases in the body parts (head, muscle and liver) of Clarias gariepinus fish. Total trend concentrations (mg/100g) were: Fresh liver (FL) (34.5) > Fresh muscle (FM) (23.1) > Fresh head (FH) (18.4) with the dry set as Dry liver (DL) (29.1) > Dry muscle (DM) (21.4) > Dry head (DH) (17.5). Vitamin E was the most concentrated in all the sample parts; vitamin C was least concentrated in the liver; B9 was the least concentrated in muscle and head. Two most varied vitamins in both fresh and dry samples were A and B2; fresh A and B2 had variation values of 173% and 134% respectively; the dry A and B2 had variation values of 173% and 124% respectively. Statistics showed correlation coefficient (rxy) values were significantly different between FL/DL, FM/DM, FH/DH and FT/DT at critical level of r=0.01.
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Elefson, Sarah, and Laura L. Greiner. "PSVII-1 Sample Handling and Vitamin Analysis." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_2 (April 12, 2022): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac064.292.
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Abstract Vitamins are crucial for day-to-day function in the body. They are often collected in studies to ensure that the body is functioning normally, but the ways in which these samples are collected are inconsistent. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate differences in sampling collection methods. A total of 4 blood tubes (2 serum and 2 plasma) were collected from 8 finishing pigs (n = 4 gilts and barrows). One blood tube of each type was either exposed to light or wrapped in foil before processing for analysis took place. Livers were taken from 6 gilts, sectioned, and those sections were either frozen immediately or placed at 1 of 3 temperatures (room temperature, 4oC, or -20oC) for 3, 6, or 12 hours before freezing to assess degradation of vitamins within the tissue. Blood was assessed for vitamins A, D, and E while liver was assessed for vitamins A and E with data analyzed by PROC GLIMMIX. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) for the interaction of blood tube type and light exposure for vitamin D in the blood and a tendency (P < 0.10) for the interaction of blood tube type and light exposure for vitamin A in the blood. Furthermore, there were sex effects (P < 0.05) for vitamin D and (P < 0.10) vitamin A with barrows having higher vitamin statuses than gilts. There were no differences (P > 0.10) for the interaction of blood tube type and light exposure for vitamin E in the blood, or the amount of degradation of vitamins A and E in the liver. In conclusion, factors such as sex, blood tube type, and light, can influence vitamin concentration in biological samples.
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Puścion-Jakubik, Anna, Renata Markiewicz-Żukowska, Sylwia K. Naliwajko, Krystyna J. Gromkowska-Kępka, Justyna Moskwa, Monika Grabia, Anita Mielech, et al. "Intake of Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals in Relation to Body Composition, Skin Hydration and Lubrication in Young Women." Antioxidants 10, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071110.
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The aim of this study was to estimate the consumption of selected dietary components with antioxidant properties, undertake body composition analysis, assess skin hydration and lubrication, and establish the relationships between the above parameters. The study was carried out on 172 young women. The consumption of ingredients (vitamins A, C, D and E, and Cu, Mn, Zn) was assessed using the Diet 6.0 program, body composition was assessed using electrical bioimpedance and skin hydration and lubrication were assessed using the corneometric and sebumetric methods, respectively. About one-third of students showed insufficient consumption of vitamin C, vitamin E and zinc, while about 99% showed insufficient vitamin D levels. The highest degree of hydration was observed in the areas of the eyelids, neckline and chin. The greatest amount of sebum was found in the area of the nose and forehead. Low positive correlations between hydration or lubrication and Cu, vitamin A and vitamin E were observed. In conclusion, to properly moisturize and lubricate the skin, young women should eat products that are rich in ingredients with antioxidant properties, in particular fat-soluble vitamins A and E, but also copper.
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Zakharova, I. N., I. I. Pshenichnikova, E. B. Mumladze, and V. I. Svintsitskaya. "Should we give vitamins to children?" Medical Council 1, no. 1 (December 30, 2016): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2016-1-22-29.
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Adequate supply of micronutrients including vitamins is essential for the normal functioning of child's body. Currently, about 2 billion people worldwide suffer from vitamin deficiencies. The most vulnerable population groups are pregnant women, children and adolescents. Vitamin deficiency which developed in childhood has adverse long-term outcomes throughout the whole life. One of the priority areas of the public policy of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of healthy nutrition is to improve vitamin sufficiency in children and adults. This article describes biological effects of the essential vitamins and outcomes of deficiencies; the need for the management of vitamin deficiency is substantiated.
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Zhao, Xuemei, Mengdong Zhu, Xiao Ren, Qi An, Junmao Sun, and Dazhou Zhu. "A New Technique for Determining Micronutrient Nutritional Quality in Fruits and Vegetables Based on the Entropy Weight Method and Fuzzy Recognition Method." Foods 11, no. 23 (November 28, 2022): 3844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11233844.
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The human body needs nutrients to maintain its regular physiological activity. It requires 40 essential nutrients, including macronutrients (carbohydrates, protein, and fat) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). Although macronutrient intake has been improved in China due to people’s increased social awareness, the population’s micronutrient intake remains insufficient. Objective: The current food evaluation system is primarily used to assess macronutrients, while an effective assessment method for micronutrients is still lacking. Fruits and vegetables are low-energy food sources that mainly provide vitamins and minerals and supply the human body with various micronutrients. Methods: In this paper, the entropy and fuzzy recognition methods were used to construct the Vitamin Index (Vitamin Index = Vitamin A Index + Vitamin Comprehensive Index + Vitamin Matching Index) and Mineral Index (Mineral Index = Calcium Index + Mineral Comprehensive Index + Mineral Matching Index) and to evaluate the micronutrient quality of 24 vegetables and 20 fruits. Results: The assessment results showed that Chinese dates displayed the highest Vitamin and Mineral Index among fruits (Vitamin Index = 2.62 and Mineral Index = 2.63), while collard greens had the highest Vitamin Index of the vegetables, at 2.73, and red amaranth had the highest Mineral Index, at 2.74. Conclusions: The study introduces a new method for assessing the nutritional quality of micronutrients, which provides a new idea for assessing the nutrient quality of agricultural products.
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Benabbou, Amina, Meghit Boumediene Khaled, and Ali Saeed Alchalabi. "Evaluation of the Efficiency of Combined and Separated Antioxidant Supplementation of Vitamin C and E on Semen Parameters in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Rats." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 7, no. 4 (May 17, 2018): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.7(4).p166-172.
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Male reproductive functions could be affected at multiple levels due to dia-betes mellitus. Antioxidants vitamins have direct impact on improving male reproductive capacity. Our objective was to assess the efficiency of treat-ment with vitamin C and E in the case of whether diabetes mellitus is the cause of infertility or if infertile men suffer from diabetes by inducing diabe-tes on male Wistar rats. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals each: a normoglycemic control. Other four groups were given a single dose of streptozotocin, and divided into: diabetic control, diabetic + 250 mg/kg/day of vitamin C, diabetic + 250 mg/kg/day of vitamin E, diabetic + 250 mg/kg/day of vitamin C + 250 mg/kg/day of vitamin E by gavage during 30 consecutive days. Animals were anesthetized, sacrificed to evaluate body and reproductive organ weights, plasma hormone levels, and semen quality. Compared to normoglycemic animals, diabetic rats showed reduced body weight (211.33 ± 8.70gr) and epididymis (1.35 ± 0.10 gr). The testis weight (3.10 ± 0.14 gr) and sperm count (2.72 ± 4.61 x 106) were maintained. A reduction of LH and testosterone levels (0.10 ± 0.00, and 0.25 ± 0.12) respec-tively. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the final body and epididy-mis weights, hormonal levels, and sperm count among diabetes vitamins treated groups as compared to the normoglycemic and hyperglycemic groups. Diabetes mellitus induces adverse effects on reproductive capacity. Antioxidant vitamins C and E improves sperm quality and increases hormonal levels.
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Yanni, Amalia E., Alexander Kokkinos, Georgia Psychogiou, Panagiota Binou, Kleio Kartsioti, Artemis Chatzigeorgiou, Panagiotis Konstantopoulos, Despina Perrea, Nikolaos Tentolouris, and Vaios T. Karathanos. "Daily consumption of fruit-flavored yoghurt enriched with vitamins B contributes to lower energy intake and body weight reduction, in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized clinical trial." Food & Function 10, no. 11 (2019): 7435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9fo01796h.
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Matasar, I. T., L. M. Petryschenko, and O. H. Lutsenko. "Fat-soluble vitamins: physiological value and role in life of population in environmentally dangerous regions of Ukraine." One Health and Nutrition Problems of Ukraine 51, no. 2 (August 2, 2019): 60–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-9726-2019-51-2-60-77.
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ABSTRACT. The article addresses the value of fat-soluble vitamins as a mean of increasing body radiation resistance under unfavourable environmental conditions resulting from the Chernobyl NPP accident. The radioprotective role of essential organic compounds with high biological activity that contribute to the functioning of the body under complicated environmental conditions. Insufficient dietary intake of vitamins increases the radiosensitivity of the human body. Data are given on the actual dietary intake of vitamins by different age groups (employable adults, children, pregnant women from different settlements in the District of Ivankiv of the Region of Kyiv for 2004–2018) living at the territories contaminated as the result of Chernobyl NPP accident. Analysis of literature and own data indicate that fat-soluble vitamins are essential food components that regulate biochemical and physiological processes in the human body due to the activation of metabolic and enzymatic reactions, have radioprotective properties and should enter the body in sufficient amounts in accordance with age and gender. This is especially true of the population affected because of the Chernobyl NPP accident. Study results have shown that retinol and calciferol deficiency in the body of the population living in the regions affected as a result of Chernobyl NPP accident, is due to changes in the conventional structure of diets and consumption of counterfeit products, first of all, butter and hard cheese. Despite the fact that average daily diet contains a wider range of products compared with the first post-accident years, level of fat-soluble vitamins, in particular vitamin A (even considering b-carotene) and vitamin D does not meet the physiological needs, which may cause dysmetabolic processes in various organs and systems and lead to an increase in alimentary and alimentary-dependent diseases. Key Words: fat-soluble vitamins, physiological role of vitamins, vitamin deficiency, sources of vitamins, recommended daily intake, population of environmentally dangerous regions, Chernobyl NPP accident.
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Rani, Lata, Neelam Sharma, Sukhbir Singh, and Ajmer Singh Grewal. "Therapeutic Potential of Vitamin C: An Overview of Various Biological Activities." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE 10, no. 04 (December 21, 2019): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijpqa.10.4.8.
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Vitamins are vital nutrients that are required for different body functions properly, and they are provided to the body externally through diet. Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is an essential nutrient that is required for the proper running of different body functions. It is a water-soluble vitamin and lost during the processing of food. The main sources of vitamin C are citrus fruits (kakadu plum, acerola cherries, guavas, kiwi, lemon, lychees, kale, oranges, peaches, tomatoes, black currant, thyme, parsley, rose hips, kale and strawberries), green leafy vegetables (chilli peppers, tomato, sweet yellow peppers, parsley, brussel sprouts, potatoes, mustard spinach and broccoli), fortified cereal and some animals. Vitamin C deficiency leads to scurvy, which mainly affects older, malnourished adults. Vitamin C acts as a strong antioxidant, and this property enriches various biological activities. It is believed that high dose of vitamin C may help in reducing the risk of various diseases like cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, blood pressure, respiratory syndromes, common cold, reproduction, cognitive diseases, skin problems, age-related muscular degeneration, cataract and may enhance immunity. This mini-review article has been planned to discuss sources, deficiency symptoms, daily requirements, therapeutic potential, and various biological activities of vitamin C. Various therapeutic and pharmacological activities of vitamin C will be discussed in detail with suitable examples.
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Pietrzak, Anna, Anna Kęska, Marziyeh Saghebjoo, and Zeynab Nezamdoost. "Intake of antioxidant vitamins in women with different physical activity levels." Biomedical Human Kinetics 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2020-0021.
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SummaryStudy aim: The purpose of this study was to compare intake of antioxidant vitamins (A, C, E) in young women with various levels of physical activity.Material and methods: The study included 3 groups of females: 40 women with no extra physical activity (Sedentary), 40 women involved in regular, moderate sports activities (Recreationally Active) and 40 female athletes competing at an international level (Athletes). Participants’ diet was assessed on the basis of 3-day diet records which were analysed using the computer program ‘Dieta 5.0’. Body composition was evaluated by the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method.Results: Athletes were characterized by the lowest body fat and highest lean body mass in comparison with the other groups. They also showed the highest intake of energy, proteins and carbohydrates compared to Active and Sedentary women. The consumption of vitamin A amounted to 180.0% of RDA in Athletes, 98.8% in Recreationally Active and 97.8% in Sedentary women. Vitamin C intake in Athletes equalled 275.0% of RDA, whereas the deficiency of this vitamin was observed in Recreationally Active and Sedentary women (62.3% and 46.1% of RDA, respectively). The study groups showed consumption of vitamin E at the level of 146.7% of AI in Athletes, 115.0% in Recreationally Active and 111.3% in Sedentary women.Conclusion: Athletes consumed excessive amounts of antioxidant vitamins. Recreationally Active and Sedentary women met the demand for vitamin A and E, but the intake of vitamin C was not sufficient, which could lead to health problems. The current findings also indicate that energy intake was at a low level regardless of the study group.
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Ernawati, Siti, and Wardah Ramadhanty. "Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Vitamin-C di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Menggunakan Metode Weighted Product (WP)." BIOS : Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Rekayasa Komputer 2, no. 2 (September 22, 2021): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37148/bios.v2i2.26.
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Vitamin-C is a kind of water-soluble vitamins and can improve the body's resistance to disease. Vitamin-C can be found in various types of food such as vegetables and fruit. However, the body requires additional intake of vitamin-c aside from the food, that is a vitamin supplement as a complement to the nutritional needs of the body. In the pandemic Covid-19 is often associated with nutrition in the form of Vitamin-C to enhance the body's immune also to help protect body cells against free radicals, including some kind of virus. The number of forms and brands of Vitamin-C makes the community are often confused choosing a product Vitamin-C where to be consumed. To provide convenience to the public in choosing the product Vitamin-C, there is a solution to overcome these problems is the existence of a decision-making system for selecting products Vitamin-C using the Method of Weighted Products (WP). The method of Weighted Product method is a method of the determination in a decision by way of multiplication to be able to connect the value of the attribute. The results of the calculations in the study is ranking the highest value that can be recommended as the primary choice for people to choose products vitamin-c to be consumed in the pandemic covid-19. From the results of the calculation can be specified Brand of Vitamin-C You C 1000 to get the value of the highest 0,0253. Because You C 1000 vitamin supplements in liquid form that is easily taken, there are also Vitamin-C 1000 milligrams that can be consumed every day.
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Iqbal, Saima, and Somia Gul. "Report on Recent Advances in Treatment Options through Vitamins." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 20, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v20i2.51529.
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Vitamins are the essential dietary components that are required in trace amounts by our body for the proper functioning of its biochemical processes and to prevent the deficiency diseases. The case of an infant having epileptic seizures at birth is discussed, which was found to be pyridoxine (vitamin B6) - dependent. It has been discovered through recent researches that vitamin K is involved in the immunology, atherosclerosis, inflammation and bone mineralization. Vitamin C is found to act as an anti-tumor agent when used intravenously in high doses. Recent researches have led us to understand that vitamins have a broader spectrum of functions than they are anticipated to have in our body and can be used to treat much more diseases when used alone, in combination or via different routes or in different concentrations or doses.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(2) 2021 p.234-240
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Ofoedu, Chigozie E., Jude O. Iwouno, Ebelechukwu O. Ofoedu, Chika C. Ogueke, Victory S. Igwe, Ijeoma M. Agunwah, Arinze F. Ofoedum, et al. "Revisiting food-sourced vitamins for consumer diet and health needs: a perspective review, from vitamin classification, metabolic functions, absorption, utilization, to balancing nutritional requirements." PeerJ 9 (September 1, 2021): e11940. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11940.
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The significant attention gained by food-sourced vitamins has provided insights into numerous current researches; for instance, the potential reversal of epigenetic age using a diet and lifestyle intervention, the balance between food and dietary supplements in the general population, the role of diet and food intake in age-related macular degeneration, and the association of dietary supplement use, nutrient intake and mortality among adults. As relevant literature about food-sourced vitamin increases, continuous synthesis is warranted. To supplement existing information, this perspective review discussed food-sourced vitamins for consumer diet and health needs, scoping from vitamin absorption, metabolic functions, utilization, to balancing nutritional requirements. Relevant literatures were identified through a search of databases like Google Scholar, Web of Science, the Interscience Online Library, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. We demonstrated that vitamins whether from plant- and animal-based sources are prerequisites for the metabolic functions of the human body. The fat- and water-soluble classification of vitamins remains consistent with their respective absorption and dissolution potentials, underpinned by numerous physiological functions. Vitamins, largely absorbed in the small intestine, have their bioavailability dependent on the food composition, its associated interactions, as well as alignment with their metabolic functions, which involves antioxidants, coenzymes, electron acceptor/donor, and hormones. Moreover, vitamin deficiencies, in every form, pose a serious threat to human health. Vitamin toxicities remain rare, but can still occur mainly from supplementation, although it appears much less in water-soluble vitamins of which some excesses get readily removed by the human body, different from the fat-soluble ones that are stored in tissues and organs. Besides discussions of absorption, transport, and cellular uptake of vitamins, this perspective review also included approaches to meeting vitamin requirements and therapeutic strategies against micronutrient deficiency and COVID-19. We have also attempted on how to strike the balance between food-sourced vitamins and dietary supplements.
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Kodentsova, V. M., D. V. Risnik, Kh Kh Sharafetdinov, and D. B. Nikityuk. "Vitamins in diet of patients with metabolic syndrome." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 91, no. 2 (February 15, 2019): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2019.02.000097.
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Aim - analysis of data on the role of vitamin and carotenoid deficiency in the development of metabolic syndrome (MS), the consumption of individual vitamins and vitamin supplements, as well as estimation of the effectiveness of the use of vitamins in patients with MS. A review of the existing literature has been carried out in the databases of RINC, CyberLeninka, Google Scholar, Pubmed. The lack of vitamins is a risk factor for MS and its components. The diet of people with MS is characterized by excessive caloric content and at the same time contains an inadequate amount of most vitamins. The most frequent in patients with MS is the deficiency (blood level) of vitamin D, E, B vitamins, carotenoids. Among patients with MS, individuals with a reduced concentration of vitamins in the blood plasma are often found. In turn, among those with a deficiency of vitamins, MS is more often found. Low concentrations of 25(OH)D in the serum are associated with an increased risk of MS. An inverse association between the concentration of the hormonal form of vitamin 1.25(OH)2D3 in the serum and the development of MC has been found. In patients with MS, the α-tocopherol concentration associated with lipids is lower than in healthy individuals, and γ-tocopherol, on the contrary, is higher. Taking high doses of one of the vitamin E homologues shifts the balance between tocopherols in the blood plasma. Sufficient supply of the body with all vitamins involved in the formation of metabolically active forms of vitamins (D, B6, PP) is a necessary condition for the exercise of these biological functions by these vitamins. The lack of vitamins is a risk factor for MS and its components. Enrichment of the diet of patients with MS should be considered as a necessary favorable background for its treatment. Since the body has functional connections between vitamins, it is advisable to use not individual vitamins, but their complexes.
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Hoffmann, Jessica, Stefan Busse, Franz von Hoff, Katrin Borucki, Thomas Frodl, and Mandy Busse. "Association Between Homocysteine and Vitamin Levels in Demented Patients." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 81, no. 4 (June 15, 2021): 1781–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-201481.
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Background: Although it is known that the nutritional status among elderly persons and, in particular, patients with dementia, is compromised, malnutrition that results in insufficient uptake of several vitamins is often not diagnosed. Objective: An elevated homocysteine level is a known strong risk factor for vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Several B vitamins are involved in the metabolism of homocysteine. Therefore, we investigated the serum levels of vitamin B1, vitamin B6, folate, and vitamin B12 in 97 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or different forms of dementia and 54 elderly control persons without dementia. Results: Compared to aged non-demented people, vitamins B1, B6, B12, and folate were decreased in serum of patients with AD, and patients with Lewy body dementia had reduced vitamin B12 level. Vitamin B6 was diminished in VaD. Patients with frontotemporal dementia showed no alterations in vitamin levels. Age was identified as an important factor contributing to the concentrations of vitamin B1 and B6 in serum, but not vitamin B12 and folate. Increased levels of total homocysteine were detected especially in MCI and AD. Homocysteine correlated negatively with levels of vitamins B6, B12, and folate and positively with Q Albumin. Conclusion: Our data suggest that despite increased homocysteine already present in MCI, vitamin levels are decreased only in dementia. We propose to determine the vitamin levels in patients with cognitive decline, but also elderly people in general, and recommend supplementing these nutrients if needed.
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Yadav, Roopesh Kumar, Sudhanshu Mishra, and Deepti Jain. "Methylcobalamine (Vitamin B12): Water Soluble Vitamin with Various Pharmacological Aspect." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i1.4488.
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Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a key role in the brain's proper functioning and nervous system, in blood flow, and in reducing weakness and tiredness. In their food, most people get adequate vitamin B12, but in some health conditions (e.g. inadequate sleep, stomach/intestinal disorders, inflammation, cancer), there could be a shortage. If left unchecked, severe Vitamin B12 deficiency results in anemia and nerve damage. Vitamin B12 deficiency is typically treated using parenteral and oral dosage formulations, but absorption and compliance problems are involved with these routes of administration. Most significantly, the function of this missing intrinsic factor has been shown to assist in vitamin B12 absorption and a deficiency known as pernicious anaemia. Vitamin B12 is only partially absorbed when delivered by mouth to patients with pernicious anemia, but hematologically re-absorbed in patients with pernicious anemia. Parenteral administration of the extrinsic element will treat pernicious anaemia satisfactorily. There are several roles and advantages of vitamin B 12 in the human body with therapeutic effects also.
Keywords: Water Soluble Vitamins, Methylcobalamine, Vitamin B12, Pernicious Anaemia.
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Korah, Mejo C., Junaid Rahman Pv, R. Rajeswari, Ahana Behanan, Elizabeth Phoeba Paul, and T. Sivakumar. "ADVERSE EFFECTS AND SIDE EFFECTS ON VITAMIN THERAPY: A REVIEW." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i5.17014.
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Vitamins are essential to our day to day life. Its shortage in our body can cause many disorders, decreased enzyme activities also affects the genetic factors. Vitamins should be supplied through the diet in the required amount. If it is not supplied properly, vitamin tablets will be prescribed. And also vitamin tablets are the co-medication for therapies like anticancer, anti tubercular, anti viral anti HIV treatments. Many news papers reported that vitamin therapies are causing major health problems like nephro/ urolithiasis, it can increases mortality rates in smokers by increasing the risk of lung cancer, it can cause abortion when it is taken during pregnancy. Thus here we reviewed the adverse effects of vitamin therapy from various reported cases, books, instructions provided from various health organizations and also news papers and magazines. It can help health professionals to control and monitor the vitamin therapies and make awareness about the adverse effects and possible side effects of regular vitamin uptake to society.
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Woolf, Kathleen, and Melinda M. Manore. "B-Vitamins and Exercise: Does Exercise Alter Requirements?" International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 16, no. 5 (October 2006): 453–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.16.5.453.
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The B-vitamins (thiamin, ribofavin, vitamin B-6) are necessary in the energy-producing pathways of the body, while folate and vitamin B-12 are required for the synthesis of new cells, such as the red blood cells, and for the repair of damaged cells. Active individuals with poor or marginal nutritional status for a B-vitamin may have decreased ability to perform exercise at high intensities. This review focuses on the B-vitamins and their role in energy metabolism and cell regeneration. For each vitamin, function related to physical activity, requirement, and status measures are given. Research examining dietary intakes and nutritional status in active individuals is also presented. Current research suggests that exercise may increase the requirements for ribofavin and vitamin B-6, while data for folate and vitamin B-12 are limited. Athletes who have poor diets, especially those restricting energy intakes or eliminating food groups from the diet, should consider supplementing with a multivitamin/mineral supplement.
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Adeyeye, Emmanuel Ilesanmi, and Olatoye Rauf Abioye. "Vitamins Composition in <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> Fish Body Parts (Liver, Muscle, Head): Reporting on Samples on Fresh, Smoked-Dried and Dry Extract Bases." International Journal of Pharmacology, Phytochemistry and Ethnomedicine 17 (October 26, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ijppe.17.1.
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An investigation into the vitamins composition levels in Clariasgariepinus fish was carried out and reported in dry extract/fresh; dry extract / smoked-dried on individual vitamins and the sum of the whole vitamins. Parts investigated were liver, muscle and head. Whereas fresh and smoked-dried data were laboratory results, the dry extract portions were calculated and reported as dry extract /fresh sample, dry extract / smoked-dried sample for liver, muscle and head. Results obtained ran thus and all values were in mg/100g vitamin where d = difference, CV% = coefficient of variation and % difference = % value that shows what made dry extract value greater than its reported comparison: dry extract/fresh, % d = 74.5 (all), CV% = 84.0 (all), in liver; dry extract/smoked, % d =24.5 (all), CV% = 19.7 (all), in liver; dry extract/fresh, % d = 74.3 (all), CV% = 83.6 (all), in muscle; ndry extract/smoked, % d = 10.2 (all), CV% =7.60 (all), in muscle;m dry extract/fresh, % d = 68.5 (all), CV% = 73.7 (all), in head; dry extract/smoked, % d = 9.10 (all), CV% = 6.74 (all), in head; dry extract/fresh, % d = 71.9- 74.5, CV% = 79.4 - 82.4 in total vitamin body load; dry extract/smoked, % d = 9. 69- 24.5, CV% = 7.20 - 19.7 in total vitamin body load; dry extract (fresh) – dry extract (smoked), %d = 69.6 - 82.0 in liver; dry extract (fresh) – dry extract (smoked), %d = 72.3 - 76.3 in muscle; dry extract (fresh) – dry extract (smoked), %d = 62.9 - 75.2 in head; dry extract (fresh) – dry extract (smoked), %d = 69.7- 79.0 in total vitamins body load.Among the dry extract values calculated from fresh samples and subjected to chi-square (χ2) values, significant values were observed in vitamins B6, C, A, B1, D, E and total at α=0.05. In the dry extract values from smoked samples, only three significant χ2 values in vitamins A, E and total were observed. In reflection to vitamin concentration levels, percentage higher levels in dry extracts (from fresh) had these trends: liver (74.5%) > muscle (74.3%) > head (68.5%) whereas from smoked, we had liver (24.5%) > muscle (10.2%) > head (9.10%). Also total vitamin body load from dry extract (fresh) was 71.9-74.5% difference and dry extract (smoked) was 9.69 -24.5% difference. It should be noted that liver occupied the higher part of the range in the two comparisons, like 74.5% (fresh) and 24.5% (smoked).
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Kobilyukh, I. B. "Correction of antioxidant protection of cows organism in theperiod of laboratory drugs with content of non-participants of metals." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 83 (March 2, 2018): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8339.
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The enhancement of free radical oxidation, characteristic of inflammatory processes, is accompanied by a violation of the properties of biological membranes, the functioning of cells and damage to surrounding tissues. The purpose and task of the research was to make correction of antioxidant protection of the body of cows during the period of dry preparations containing nanoparticles of metals. To activate the antioxidant system of the body of cows during the dry period, use the vitamin complex «Nanovit». The experiment was conducted on cows of Ukrainian dairy black-and-white breed in Agroprodservice-Invest LLP of the Kozivsky District of the Ternopil Oblast. The experiment was conducted before 35–25 days to the calves birth where the experimental and control groups of cows were formed (n = 10). Cows of the experimental group for 35–25 days to the cattle, intramuscularly injected 5.0 ml vitamin complex «Nanovit» (composition: vitamins A, D, E and nanoparticles Cu, Zn, Mn, Co). Producer of «NVP» LLC «Ecological Capital». Cows of the control group for 35–25 days to the catheter, intramuscularly administered 15.0 ml of the drug Prodevit-tetra (1 ml of the preparation contains vitamin A – 50000 IU, vitamin D – 25000 IU, vitamin E – 20 mg, vitamin F – 6 mg). Manufacturer of Product Ltd. The study found that vitamins A, D, E, and nanoparticles Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, which are part of the drug «Nanovit», activate the antioxidant system of the body of cows during the dry period. So after the application of the drug «Nanovit» in the body of cows there was a decrease of 58.5% (Р ≤ 0.01) of diene conjugates and 95.0% (Р ≤ 0.001) of TBK-active products against the background of an increase of 20.0% (Р ≤ 0.01) activity of catalase. After the application of the drug «Nanovit», the service period of the period from cows decreased by 54 days, and the index of insemination decreased by 0.2 units against the cows fed «Prodevit-tetra», indicating a positive effect of the drug containing the nanoparticles of metals Cu, Zn, Mn, Co and vitamins A, D, E during the post-period period in cows.
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Francis, R. M. "What do we currently know about nutrition and bone health in relation to United Kingdom public health policy with particular reference to calcium and vitamin D?" British Journal of Nutrition 99, no. 1 (July 19, 2007): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507791924.
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Public health policy in the UK related to nutrition and bone health has been shaped by reports from the Department of Health (DH), Food Standards Agency and WHO. Dietary reference values (DRV) for a number of nutrients were published in 1991 by the DH Committee on Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Policy. The subsequent DH report on nutrition and bone health in 1998 concentrated particularly on Ca and vitamin D, but also briefly addressed the effect of body weight, alcohol and other nutrients. Although this reviewed more recent evidence relating to the effect of higher intakes of Ca and vitamin D from longitudinal and interventional studies, no changes were made to the existing DRV. The Food Standards Agency published a report from their Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals in 2003, which recommended safe upper limits for eight vitamins and minerals, with guidance provided on a further twenty-two nutrients, where there was less information on safety. The WHO report on diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases in 2003 addressed the prevention of osteoporosis, making recommendations on Ca, vitamin D, Na, fruit and vegetables, alcohol and body weight. The present paper examines current views on what constitutes an adequate dietary Ca intake and optimal vitamin D status, the DRV for vitamin D in subjects with little or no exposure to sunlight and the results of recent epidemiological studies on the relationship between fracture risk and body weight, alcohol intake and the consumption of other nutrients.
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Kodentsova, V. M., and D. V. Risnik. "Vitamin-mineral supplements for correction of multiple micronutrient deficiency." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 11 (August 8, 2020): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2020-11-192-200.
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Multiple micronutrient deficiency (simultaneous insufficient supply of the organism with several vitamins at once (vitamin D, B group), as well as calcium, magnesium, zinc and iodine, and not an isolated deficiency of any one micronutrient is characteristic of a significant part of the Russian population throughout the year, regardless of places of residence. The growing need of the organism at different periods of life (puberty, pregnancy, breastfeeding, aging), various diseases, drug therapy, the period of convalescence, stress, the use of various diets, enrichment of the diet with polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber, religious observance, adverse environmental factors further increase the risk of multiple micronutrient deficiencies. Micronutrients (vitamins and essential minerals) are closely interconnected into complex metabolic networks, which provide maintaining homeostasis and health. Deficiency of each of the essential micronutrients is a risk factor for the development of a particular disease, and simultaneous multiple micronutrient deficiency creates a “causality network” of not just one, but several diseases at once. Conversely, an adequate or optimal sufficiency of the body with all micronutrients, respectively, creates a “network of conditions ensuring the prevention of the disease”, due to the full implementation of all processes dependent on them in the body. This means that replenishing inadequate food intake of scarce micronutrients is an important way to maintain health and longevity. Given the variety of vitamin-mineral supplements, it is important to choose the right supplement. The maximum effectiveness to maintain the body’s vitamin and mineral status at the optimum level will be ensured by the intake of not individual micronutrients, but vitamin and mineral supplements containing a complete set of vitamins in doses close to the physiological needs of the body and basic minerals (calcium, magnesium, zinc and iodine), the deficit of which is characteristic for the Russian population.
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Haymes, Emily M. "Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation to Athletes." International Journal of Sport Nutrition 1, no. 2 (June 1991): 146–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.1.2.146.
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Vitamin and mineral supplements are frequently used by competitive and recreational athletes. Dietary deficiencies of most vitamins are not very common among athletes except in those who restrict their food intake in order to maintain body weight. Vitamins most likely to be deficient in the diet are folate,,, and E. Biochemical evidence of vitamin deficiencies in some athletes have been reported for thiamine, riboflavin, and. When the diet is deficient, vitamin supplements may improve performance but are not likely to be effective if the dietary intake is adequate. Some female athletes' diets are low in calcium, iron, and zinc. Low calcium intake may reduce peak bone mass in young women. Iron deficiency may impair performance and needs to be corrected with an iron supplement. Zinc supplements that exceed the RDA interfere with the absorption of copper and lower HDL-cholesterol.
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Nakagawa, Kimie. "Elucidation of new vitamin K function aiming at application to cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment." Impact 2021, no. 5 (June 7, 2021): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.5.37.
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Although Vitamin K is known to be required by the human body for blood clotting and bone metabolism, there remain many unknowns about this group of vitamins and there is a lack of biochemical research on vitamin K. Limitations in knowledge about vitamin k may mean that decisions about the vitamin's uptake and bone health may not be optimal. Professor Kimie Nakagawa Laboratory of Hygienic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Japan, is performing detailed investigations on vitamin K to shed light on its specific functions in the human body and contribute to advancements in disease prevention and treatment, including cardiovascular disease. Her studies centre on UBIAD1 (UbiA prenyltransferase domain containing protein 1) and MK-4 (menaquinone-4). She is seeking to elucidate the role of MK-4 in the human body and reveal the unknown functions of UBIAD1. Nakagawa and the teams are doing so using UBIAD1 tissue-specific gene-deficient mice, which they are analysing in order to clarify the significance of biosynthesis of MK-4 in vivo and unravel the role of UBIAD1 and MK-4 in each tissue. Specific research goals for Nakagawa are to elucidate vitamin K conversion mechanisms, establish improved understanding of the physiological function of the vitamin, identify vitamin K converting enzymes and learn and explain more about the physiological function of this enzyme. The team made an important discovery in that UBIAD1 is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of vitamin k to MK-4 and the researchers will continue to build on this groundbreaking finding.
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Al-shahwan, Moayad, Sabrina Ait Gacem, Shahd Shamseddin, and Marwa Sammour. "VITAMIN D IMPACT ON HUMAN HEALTH AND ITS RELATION WITH SEVERAL DISEASES." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 10, no. 6 (November 22, 2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018v10i6.28776.
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Vitamins are organic nutrients and substances that are needed for many biochemical functions. They are one of the six essential elements required for human life. Vitamin D is also known among the public as the Sunshine vitamin, as it is produced internally within the human body when exposed to sunlight and it is well known that the big majority of United Arab Emirates (UAE) population suffer from its deficiency.They are usually not found inside the body and therefore must be eaten from food or taken by supplements. Vitamin D that is obtained from diet or body synthesis when it is exposed to sufficient sunlight is biologically inactive without the enzymatic activation that converts it into its active form in the liver and kidney.Deficiency of vitamin D could lead to many troubling diseases such as depression including seasonal affective disorder, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Arthritis (gout, osteoarthritis, tendonitis), Osteoporosis, gum and teeth diseases, obesity, diabetes, heart diseases, metabolic syndromes, immunity related diseases (sclerosis, erythematosis), and cancer, which will be discussed in this review. The main objective of the current review is to evaluate the associations of vitamin D with the diverse health outcomes according to the latest studies done so far.
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Haller. "The Vitamin Status and its Adequacy in the Elderly: An International Overview." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 69, no. 3 (May 1, 1999): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.69.3.160.
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Age-related changes in nutrition can affect the nutritional status of the elderly in a number of ways. Food intake is affected by socio-economic, physiological and pathological factors. The major physiological age-related change is the decrease in the energy requirement due to a reduction in lean body mass and a reduction in physical activity leading to a compensatory decrease in macro- and micronutrient intake of approximately 30% by the age of 80 years. Morbidity and some types of medication, smoking and alcohol consumption also affect the absorption and metabolism of vitamins. The plasma levels of fat-soluble vitamins and carotenoids tend to increase with age with the exception of vitamin D, while certain water-soluble vitamin levels decrease, particularly vitamin B6 and vitamin B12. Many epidemiological studies have examined the vitamin intake and the plasma concentrations of large elderly populations in many regions of the world, but few have specifically determined the incidence of vitamin deficiencies. The criteria for defining deficiency varies between studies making it difficult to compare data from different studies. In the SENECA Study on European elderly evidence for biochemical vitamin deficiency was found in 47% for vitamin D, 23.3% for vitamin B6, 2.7% for vitamin B12 and 1.1% for vitamin E.
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El-Kholy, Mohamed Soliman, Zenat Abd El-Gawad Ibrahim, Mohamed Mamdoh El-Mekkawy, and Mahmoud Alagawany. "Influence of in Ovo Administration of Some Water-Soluble Vitamins on Hatchability Traits, Growth, Carcass Traits and Blood Chemistry of Japanese Quails." Annals of Animal Science 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2018-0041.
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AbstractA total of 450 fertile Japanese quail eggs were used to determine the impacts of in ovo administration of water-soluble vitamins (C, B6 and B12) on the growth performance, carcass traits, hematological and biochemical blood parameters as well as the immune response of Japanese quails. On the 7th day of incubation, the eggs were allocated to five groups: un-injected, 0.1 ml/egg saline, 1 mg/egg vitamin C, 150 µg/egg vitamin B6 and 20 µg/egg vitamin B12. The percentage of early embryonic mortality was increased (P≤0.001) in all treated groups versus the control group. Chicks that hatched from eggs injected with 1 mg/egg vitamin C exhibited a significantly greater (P≤0.05) live body weight (LBW) than those from the control and saline groups. During 0–2 weeks of age, the chicks hatched from eggs injected with vitamins displayed better feed conversion than the positive or negative controls. In ovo injection of vitamins had no significant effect on all carcass traits. In ovo injection with vitamins C, B6 and B12 increased plasma total protein and its fractions compared with the control. Plasma levels of total lipids and cholesterol were decreased in chicks hatched from eggs injected with 1 mg/egg vitamin C, 150 µg/egg vitamin B6 or 20 µg/egg vitamin B12 compared with those hatched from control eggs. Plasma T3 and T4 were increased in chicks hatched from eggs injected with vitamin C, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12. The relative weights of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus were significantly (P=0.002 or 0.003) increased in the birds hatched from eggs injected with vitamins compared with those in the control or saline group. Thus, in ovo injection of vitamins C, B6 and B12 improved the blood profile and immune response of Japanese quail.
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Fogagnolo, Paolo, Stefano De Cilla’, Micol Alkabes, Pierfilippo Sabella, and Luca Rossetti. "A Review of Topical and Systemic Vitamin Supplementation in Ocular Surface Diseases." Nutrients 13, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13061998.
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In the homeostasis of the ocular surface, vitamins play a critical role in regulating inflammatory responses and promoting cell differentiation, development and correct function. Systemic vitamin supplementation has been available for many decades; in recent years, thanks to pharmacological advancements, topical vitamin delivery has also become available in an attempt to better treat ocular surface disease (OSD) and dry eye disease (DED). In this paper, we reviewed the current evidence on the role of vitamin supplementation in OSD and DED. We originally searched the PubMed archive, inspected the references and restricted the search to pertinent papers. The body of evidence was evaluated using the amelioration of both signs and symptoms as the outcome, when available. We found that in patients with vitamin deficiency, systemic supplementation of Vitamin A is effective in treating OSD, reducing both DED signs and symptoms. Additionally, systemic supplementation of vitamin D is useful in reducing DED symptoms and increasing tear volume. Vitamin A is also effective in reducing DED signs and symptoms when administered locally. The efficacy of supplementation with other vitamins is still not fully proven. In conclusion, the inclusion of vitamins into the treatment strategies for OSD and DED allows for better treatment customization and better outcomes in these patients.
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Dewi, Ni Putu Puspita Adhytiarini, Hardhono Susanto, and Ali Rosidi. "Hubungan tingkat kecukupan zat gizi, lean body mass, dan aktivitas fisik dengan kepadatan tulang pada mahasiswa Universitas Udayana Denpasar." Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jgi.4.2.96-101.
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Background: Bone formation and peak bone mass determine with bone density in adulthood related with osteopenia or osteoporosis. It could be influenced by nutrition intakes, lean body mass, and physical activity.Objective: to analyze the correlation between nutritional adequacy, lean body mass, physical activity and bone mineral density in Udayana University Economic’s students, Denpasar. Methods: Cross-sectional study design was done to female students of Faculty of Economic and Business, Udayana University, Denpasar. Seventy five subjects were choosen by simple random sampling. Results: Research subjects were aged 20-25 years old. The mean t-score of bone mineral density is -0,363 ± 1,057. Research subjects were classified as low bone density (osteopenia) 26,7% and 73,3% are normal. Intakes of animal protein (p = 0,042) and lean body mass (p = 0,011) are related with bone mineral density protein (p = 0,955) but not on intakes of vitamin A (p = 0,249), vitamin C (p = 0,632), vitamin D (p = 0,864), calcium (p = 0,724), iron (p = 0,768), magnesium (p = 0,689), phosphorus (p = 0,716), and physical activity (p = 0,254). There were a positive trend on the level of protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, calcium, iron, magnesium and phosphorus sufficiency.Conclusions: Intakes of Animal protein, lean body mass and physical activity related with bone mineral density but not on protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, calcium, iron, magnesium, and phosphorus intake.
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Omelchenko, Galina V. "Exogenic sources of vitamin-like substances and prospects for using yest in production of food products of special composition." Butlerov Communications 63, no. 8 (August 31, 2020): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-63-8-110.
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The first half of the 20th century is characterized by discoveries in the field of biochemistry. During this period, the active substances necessary for the development of the body and maintaining homeostasis were first studied. After a long study of vitamins, scientists discovered a number of substances that have properties similar to vitamins, later they were called "vitamin-like substances". The mechanisms of regulation of the body's vital activity are always based on the course of special biochemical reactions, including with the participation of vitamin-like substances, which, unlike vitamins, can be synthesized by the body itself endogenously and come from exogenous sources (inside with food or in laboratory/industrial conditions). There is a need to maintain their balance through food intake. The article examines the role of vitamin-like substances of plant origin in the processes of vital activity of the organism, ensuring the implementation of specific tasks in the system of organs, cells and tissues. Due to the low quality of modern products, the concentration of useful components in their composition is reduced. Therefore, many people currently do not receive additional vitamin-like compounds and vitamin supplements are necessary to replenish them. The latter, due to the intense rhythm of life, people may forget to use or take irregularly. Therefore, the urgency of enriching the composition of familiar food products, in particular by means of yeast cultures, which are able to accumulate useful components in themselves, depending on the substrates consumed, has increased. The aim of this work is to study the possibilities of using yeast cultures to enrich the composition of familiar food products with vitamin-like substances from plant sources. Materials and methods. The article analyzes the possibilities of enriching familiar non-alcoholic food products by cultivating yeast cultures on substrates of plant origin. The role of vitamin-like substances in the biochemical processes of the body in comparison with the biologically active fermentative of yeast has been determined. To perform a systemic in-depth analysis, a synergistic principle was used to study the effect of the vitomin-like substances used on biochemical processes, that is, an analysis was carried out by studying the self-organization of the functional systems of the body without taking into account data on specialized pharmaceutical therapy. The research was carried out on the basis of the relevant Russian and English language information sources. Results. To achieve this goal, the reasons for the need and indispensability of vitamin-like substances in the biological processes of the body were initially considered, their classification and dosage were briefly characterized. Further, the methods of enriching food products by means of yeast cultures are studied in detail and the influence of each compound or group found in information sources on the biochemical processes in the body is considered. The possibilities of using yeast as a source of vitamin-like substances and for carrying out the fermentation of plant objects for enriching food products and non-alcoholic beverages with special components are considered separately. The composition and benefits of the active fermentative of yeast have been investigated, it has been established that the composition of the vitamin-like substances of the final product has not been sufficiently studied. It was revealed that successful attempts are being made to use Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the formation of food products enriched with bioflavonoids with antioxidant properties.
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Heo, Jin-Chul, Doyoon Kim, Hyunsoo An, Chang-Sik Son, Sangwoo Cho, and Jong-Ha Lee. "A Novel Biosensor and Algorithm to Predict Vitamin D Status by Measuring Skin Impedance." Sensors 21, no. 23 (December 4, 2021): 8118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21238118.
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The deficiency and excess of vitamin D cause various diseases, necessitating continuous management; but it is not easy to accurately measure the serum vitamin D level in the body using a non-invasive method. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between vitamin D levels, body information obtained by an InBody scan, and blood parameters obtained during health checkups, to determine the optimum frequency of vitamin D quantification in the skin and to propose a vitamin D measurement method based on impedance. We assessed body composition, arm impedance, and blood vitamin D concentrations to determine the correlation between each element using multiple machine learning analyses and an algorithm which predicted the concentration of vitamin D in the body using the impedance value developed. Body fat percentage obtained from the InBody device and blood parameters albumin and lactate dehydrogenase correlated with vitamin D level. An impedance measurement frequency of 21.1 Hz was reflected in the blood vitamin D concentration at optimum levels, and a confidence level of about 75% for vitamin D in the body was confirmed. These data demonstrate that the concentration of vitamin D in the body can be predicted using impedance measurement values. This method can be used for predicting and monitoring vitamin D-related diseases and may be incorporated in wearable health measurement devices.
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Faria, DE, OM Junqueira, PA Souza, and EAL Titto. "Performance, Body Temperature and Egg Quality of Laying Hens Fed Vitamins D and C Under Three Environmental Temperatures." Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola 3, no. 1 (January 2001): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-635x2001000100005.
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Three experiments were conducted in a climatic chamber to determine the effects of vitamins D3 and C supplementation on performance, body temperature, and egg quality under thermoneutral temperature (24.8º to 27.0º C), a cyclic heat stress (26.2º C for 16 h and 32.1º C for 8 h) and a constant heat stress (30.0º to 32.0º C) for three weeks in each temperature. One hundred forty-four White Leghorn hens aged 31 weeks were used in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of 3 x 3: vitamin D3 (2,500, 3,000, and 3,500 IU/kg) and vitamin C (0, 200, and 400 ppm), with a total of nine treatments with four replicates of four hens each. Parameters measured included feed intake (FI), feed:gain (FG), egg production (EP), egg weight (EW), egg mass (EM), rectal (RT) and dorsal temperatures (DT), percentages of albumen (AP) and yolk (YP), Haugh units (HU), yolk index (YI), shell percent (SP), shell thickness (ST) and egg specific gravity (ESG). Vitamin D3 influenced the parameters SP, ST, ESG and DT; vitamin C influenced YI, SP and ESG. There was no influence of environmental temperature only on HU. It was concluded that higher levels of vitamin D3 and 200 or 400 ppm of vitamin C can be improve eggshell quality and that heat stress impaired the main characteristics evaluated.
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Fedorchenko, M., and L. Bondarenko. "INFLUENCE OF VITAMIN-MINERAL SUPPLEMENT ON GROWTH INTENSITY AND SLAUGHTER INDICATORS OF RABBITS." Tehnologìâ virobnictva ì pererobki produktìv tvarinnictva, no. 1(147) (May 29, 2019): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9289-2019-147-1-35-42.
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There was studied the influence of vitamin-mineral supplement of Tekrou firm, that contain a number of macro-elements, trace elements, vitamins, amino acids, in the amount of 0.35 g per 100 g of fodder on growth and development of the New Zealand rabbits breed of 45-, 60-, 75- and 90- days old. In order to evaluate the influence of vitamin and mineral supplements on the rabbits organism, we used zoo-technical methods of research (live weight, absolute, relative and average daily gain, slaughter quality of rabbits) and statistical methods. There was conducted a comparative analysis of the positive gain dynamics and live weight of experimental rabbits under the influence of vitamin and mineral supplements. There were established group differences in pre-slaughter weight and weight of carcasses in rabbits that consumed different doses of vitamin and mineral supplements. The 90 days old rabbits increased body mass index by 8.89%, under the influence of vitamin and mineral supplements, which exceeded the indicators of control group animals. In addition, we determined the mass metric indices of the carcasses and internal organs of 45-, 60-, 75- and 90- days old rabbits after slaughter. The obtained data on the organism growth, the mass metric indices of the carcasses and the internal organs of the experimental groups rabbits after slaughter can testify to the positive influence of vitamin-mineral supplements on the intensity of the organism development and some internal organs, which contributes to the increased flow of metabolic processes and building of a greater body mass in experimental animal groups. Feeding experimental groups rabbits of New Zealand breed with vitamin and mineral supplements for 45 days contributed to a better transformation of food nutrients into products. It was recorded that the vitamin-mineral supplement use in the ration of New Zealand rabbits increases the intensity of body growth during 45 days and provides the opportunity for a better transformation of fodder nutrients into products, in order to increase the body weight of animals. Key words: rabbits, vitamin-mineral supplement, body weight, mass of internal organs, gain, absolute gain, average daily gain, rabbit carcass, internal organs, slaughter output.
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Ahmed, Afsana, Mahbooba Akhter, Shafia Sharmin, Shamim Ara, and Md Mozammel Hoque. "Relationship of Maternal Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 with birth weight and body proportion of newborn." Journal of Dhaka National Medical College & Hospital 18, no. 1 (October 17, 2012): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdnmch.v18i1.12224.
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Vitamin B12 and folate are two important B vitamins that are related to normal fetal development and fetal growth because they act as co-enzyme for the synthesis of nucleic acid and take part in DNA replication and cell division. Reduced level of serum folate and vitamin B12 also results in hyperhomocysteinemia which causes IUGR. A cross sectional study was made in which 150 pregnant women were included according to set inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. On the basis of anthropometric measurements (birth weight, birth length, OFC) of the newborn, study subjects were grouped into group-I those who delivered low birth weight babies and group-II those who delivered normal birth weight babies. Serum folate and vitamin B12 level were measured in all the study subjects after delivery. Maternal serum folate & vitamin B12 of group-I were significantly lower than that of group-II. Birth weight, length & OFC of newborns showed significant positive correlation with maternal serum folate & vitamin B12. The risk of lower serum folate was significant for lower weight (OR11.00, 95% CI 4.81-25.15), lower length (OR 3.67, 95% CI 1.42-9.47), lower OFC (OR 6.96, 95% CI 2.47-17.87). The risks of lower serum vitamin B12 were significant for lower weight (OR 4.09, 95% CI 1.67-10.00), lower length (OR 4.83, 95%CI 2.28-10.22), lower OFC (OR 4.11, 95%CI 1.97- 8.54). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdnmch.v18i1.12224 J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2012; 18 (01): 7-11
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Kaur, Gurpreet. "Aloe Vera: The Miracle Plant and its Therapeutic Uses." Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 54, no. 4 (October 12, 2017): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2017.54.4.15623.
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Aloe vera is a wonder plant with health benefits so myriad and astounding that hardly any part of human body remains uninfluenced by its healing touch. It acts as a natural fighter against all sorts of infection, an efficient anti oxidant, helps in treating all digestion related problems, heartburn, arthritis, stress, diabetes, rheumatism pain, asthma, cancer and AIDS. It also acts as a laxative, beauty enhancer and it has an effect on lowering blood sugar levels in diabetics. Aloe vera is the oldest medicinal plant ever known and the most applied medicinal plant worldwide. Extracts of Aloe vera is a proven skin healer. Aloe vera help to soothe skin injuries affected by burning, skin irritations, cuts and insect bites and its bactericidal properties relieve itching and skin swellings. Aloe is a powerful detoxifier, antiseptic and tonic for the nervous system. It also has immune-boosting and anti-viral properties. Aloe vera is a useful source of vitamins. Aloe vera gel contains a large range of vitamins - even vitamin B12, Vitamin A, contains B-Group vitamins, Vitamin C, Vitamin E and folic acid. Aloe vera gel contains important ingredients including 19 of the 20 amino acids needed by the human body and seven of the eight essential ones that just cannot be made. Commercially, aloe can be found in pills, sprays, ointments, lotions, liquids, drinks, jellies and creams, to name a few of the thousands of products available.
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Yang, Pan, Huakai Wang, Longxian Li, Nan Zhang, and Yongxi Ma. "Determination and Evaluation of Bioavailability of Vitamins from Different Multivitamin Supplements Using a Pig Model." Agriculture 11, no. 5 (May 6, 2021): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11050418.
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This study was performed to evaluate the plasma vitamin kinetic behavior following oral vitamin supplement administration in pigs, and to determine the bioavailability of vitamins. A total of 36 pigs (fitted with jugular catheters) with an average body weight of 25 ± 2.24 kg were divided into three treatment groups: (1) placebo, (2) non-microencapsulated multivitamins supplement, or (3) lipid matrix microencapsulated multivitamins supplement. The blood samples were obtained starting pre-meal until 72 h post-meal for plasma vitamin analysis. Pharmacokinetic parameters were modeled with a non-compartmental method. The AUC (Area under the curve) from the time of dosing to the time of the last observation, Cmax (Maximum observed concentration), and MRT (Mean residence time) of α-tocopherol from oral non-microencapsulated supplement were significantly lower than oral microencapsulated supplement (p < 0.01). The average relative bioavailability of vitamin A (VA) and vitamin E (VE) from microencapsulated supplement was greater than that from non-microencapsulated supplement, but relative bioavailability of vitamin K3 (VK3) and water-soluble vitamins from microencapsulated supplement was lower than non-microencapsulated supplement. The AUC and Cmax of menadione, thiamine, and riboflavin from microencapsulated supplement were significantly lower than these parameters from oral non-microencapsulated supplement. Lipid matrix microencapsulation was able to delay absorption and improved the bioavailability of VE, whereas there were limited effects of microencapsulation on vitamin D (VD), VK3, and water-soluble vitamins.