Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vitamin A deficiency'
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Гордіна, Марина Андріївна, Марина Андреевна Гордина, and Maryna Andriivna Hordina. "Vitamin D deficiency and coronary heart disease." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33551.
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Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the result of the accumulation of atheromatous plaques within the walls of the arteries that supply the myocardium with oxygen and nutrients. The WHO estimated that in 2002, 12.6% of deaths worldwide were from CHD.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33551
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Rashed, Ismail Ismail Ibrahim. "The association between vitamin D deficiency and tuberculosis : Effects of different levels of vitamin D deficiency - A meta-analysis." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-38922.
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Aim: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of all published studies studying the risk of vitamin D deficiency in tuberculosis patients and in healthy controls. Additionally, subgroup meta-analysis was performed based on the level of vitamin D to test the risk in TB groups and in healthy groups. Methods: Pubmed was searched for observational studies in human and English that discussed the association between risk of low serum vitamin D and TB. Meta-analysis was performed on all relevant studies combined and for subgroups of each vitamin D level. Results: 22 studies were selected and pooled in the analysis. The results were consistent with previous studies examining the same risk. The overall log risk ratio (log RR) of low vitamin D was significantly higher in TB patients 1.68 times than healthy controls. In 4 subgroup meta- analyses based on vitamin D level below (20 nmol/L, 30 nmol/L, 50 nmol/L, and 75 nmol/L), the risk of having low vitamin D in TB patients was (1.82, 2.89, 1.38, 1.32) respectively. That subgroup analysis showed more clearly the higher RR were below 20 and 30 nmol/L. The smallest RR was at 75 nmol/L level. Conclusion: This study verified the association between risk of low vitamin D level and TB development. It also clarified that, the risk increased by decreasing vitamin D level.
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Smith, Pamela Joy. "Vitamin D deficiency in three northern Manitoba communities." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0025/NQ51667.pdf.
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Barron, Mary Anne. "Vitamin K deficiency in paediatric bone marrow transplantation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0008/MQ40822.pdf.
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Zhang, Xueming. "Vitamin D receptor deficiency and postnatal tooth formation." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. http://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2007m/zhang.pdf.
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Lima, Geania de Sousa Paz 1962. "Deficiência de vitamina A em gestantes adolescentes e seus recém-nascidos : um estudo prospectivo." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313081.
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Orientadores: Sílvia de Barros Mazon, Eliana Cotta de FariaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T00:14:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_GeaniadeSousaPaz_D.pdf: 1892670 bytes, checksum: 9f00c67f378ca5aa059a0979ca769768 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: A alta incidência de gravidez na adolescência e a maior vulnerabilidade desse grupo às deficiências nutricionais são fatos bem documentados. Todavia, a deficiência de vitamina A (DVA), que é considerada problema de saúde pública em países em desenvolvimento, não tem sido devidamente investigada nesse grupo de risco. O presente estudo caracterizou o estado nutricional relativo à vitamina A em gestantes adolescentes e seus recém-nascidos, segundo indicadores dietético, funcional e bioquímico, em um grupo assistido em maternidade escola de Teresina-PI. Inicialmente, 151 gestantes adolescentes sem enfermidades diagnosticadas no período pré-gestacional, não fumantes, na faixa etária de 10 a 19 anos, com 20 semanas ou menos de gestação, sem uso de suplementos vitamínico-minerais contendo vitamina A, aceitaram participar do estudo. Permaneceram até o final 126 gestantes, que foram investigadas quanto às condições socioeconômicas, obstétricas e aos indicadores funcional e dietético. Para identificar a presença de cegueira noturna (XN), no início e final da gravidez, utilizou-se entrevista proposta pela OMS. Para o inquérito alimentar, foram aplicados 03 recordatórios de 24 horas, sendo um no primeiro contato com a gestante (até a 20ª semana de gestação), outro entre a 20ª e 30ª semana e o terceiro após a 30ª semana. Para a avaliação bioquímica da DVA, 89 gestantes tiveram duas amostras sanguíneas seriadas (uma antes da 20ª semana gestacional e outra no pré-parto) e pareadas com as dos recém-nascidos (cordão umbilical). As concentrações séricas de retinol foram determinadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) e o ponto de corte utilizado para caracterizar DVA foi ? 20µg/dL (OMS, 2009). A análise de associação entre as variáveis categóricas foi realizada pelo teste qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher. A comparação entre variáveis contínuas para amostras pareadas foi realizada pelo teste de Wilcoxon, para amostras não pareadas pelo teste de Mann-Whitney e as análises de correlação pelo teste de Spearman. O nível de significância adotado foi p < 0,05. Os resultados demostraram alta frequência de DVA no grupo estudado, observando-se consumo inadequado de vitamina A em 64% das gestantes; presença de XN (no inicio ou final da gestação) em 13% e concentrações séricas de retinol ? 20µg/dL em 35% das gestantes no início da gestação, evoluindo para 52% no pré-parto. A grande maioria dos recém-nascidos, 95%, apresentou níveis de retinol ? 20µg/dL, observando-se correlação moderada entre as concentrações de retinol materno e do recém-nascido. Considerando o impacto da DVA na saúde da mãe e de seu filho e a alta frequência dessa deficiência observada no presente estudo, ressalta-se a necessidade de avaliação regular do estado nutricional de vitamina A durante o pré-natal do adolescente, a fim de realizar o diagnóstico precoce e tratamento desta deficiência nutricional
Abstract: The high incidence of pregnancy in adolescence and the greater vulnerability of this group to nutritional deficiencies are well documented facts. However, vitamin A deficiency (VAD), which is considered a public health problem in developing countries, has not been sufficiently investigated in pregnant adolescents yet. This study characterizes the nutritional status of vitamin A in pregnant adolescents and in their newborns ¿ both attending a Brazilian public maternity hospital located in Teresina-PI ¿ through functional, dietary and biochemical indicators. Initially, the study included 151 pregnant adolescents who agreed to participate, non-smokers, aged 10-19 years, were at 20 weeks of gestation or less and weren¿t under any kind of treatment with vitamin-mineral supplement containing vitamin A. Until the end of this study, the number of participants reduced to 126 pregnant adolescents, who were investigated in terms of socioeconomic, obstetric and functional indicators, and dietary conditions. The functional indicator, night blindness (XN), was identified at the beginning and at the end of pregnancy; for the dietary survey, three 24 h dietary recalls (R24 h) were applied at intervals ? 5 weeks, and for biochemical assessment of VAD, 89 pregnant adolescents had two serial blood samples collection (one before the 20th gestational week and another at prepartum) paired with their newborns¿ ones. Serum retinol concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the cutoff point used to characterize VAD was ? 20?g/dL (WHO, 2009). The analysis of association between categorical variables was performed using chi-square or Fisher's exact test; comparisons of continuous variables between unpaired groups were analyzed by Mann¿Whitney test, and between paired groups by Wilcoxon test; correlation analysis were done by Spearman¿s test. The level of significance was p <0.05. Results showed high occurrence of VAD in the group studied; inadequate intake of vitamin A was observed in 64% of pregnant adolescents; presence of XN (at the beginning or end of pregnancy) in 13%, and retinol concentrations ? 20?g/dL in 35% of the adolescents at the beginning of pregnancy, increasing to 52% at the end. The vast majority of newborns, 95%, had serum retinol ? 20?g/dL, and it was observed moderate correlation between the levels of maternal and newborn retinol. Considering the impact of VAD on health of the adolescent mother-newborn pair, the high prevalence observed in this study emphasizes the need for regular evaluation of the nutritional status of vitamin A during prenatal care of the adolescent, in order to accomplish early diagnosis and treatment of this nutritional deficiency
Doutorado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Doutora em Ciências Médicas
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Li, Ling, and 李玲. "Review of vitamin D deficiency among breast-feeding infants." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48424213.
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Background
Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in many places across the world. Breastfeeding has been suggested to be a significant predictor of vitamin D deficiency during infancy, which is preventable through proper supplementation. However, whether Hong Kong should adopt the international recommendation for supplementation of exclusive breastfed infants is still not yet answered.
Objective:
To review the available evidence regarding the association between breastfeeding and vitamin D deficiency during infancy, as well as the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation of breastfed infants as an intervention measure.
Methods
A total of 5112 potentially relevant articles were searched and identified from MEDLINE (OVID, Pubmed), Science Citation Index Expanded (ISI Web of Science), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Chinese database (CNKI) without restriction from inception to July-06-2012. 5065 articles were excluded after the initial scanning of title and abstracts. 36 were subsequently excluded due to methodological issues. A total of 11 studies were included and reviewed by two independent reviewers.
Results
This review pooled together a total of 1126 exclusively breast-fed infants for less than one year old from 11 studies. The pooled average prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 54.2%. The association between breastfeeding and vitamin D deficiency during infancy has been reported consistently, and it was found to be one of the strongest predictors of vitamin D deficiency for infants less than one year old. Sunlight exposure, season, and skin pigmentation were also found to be important affecting factors. Supplementation to breastfed infants with the dosages as recommended by American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) seem to be effective in lifting up the vitamin D levels.
Conclusions
The Hong Kong Government and relevant health sectors should conduct local epidemiological study to investigate the problem of concern among our breast-fed infants, and seriously consider or evaluate the AAP recommendation of supplementation.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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Nolan, Maeve Roisin. "Studies of vitamin E and selenium deficiency in pigs." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239214.
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Ahmed, Faruk. "The interaction of vitamin A deficiency and rotavirus infection." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327774.
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Mogusu, Eunice, Shimin Zheng, Sreenivas P. Veeranki, D. Kioko, and Megan Quinn. "Association of Vitamin D Deficiency with High Cholesterol Levels." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/104.
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Background
Recent studies have demonstrated a significant relationship between vitamin D and cholesterol levels. Cholesterol is important in the synthesis and metabolism of vitamin D. Additionally, foods rich in vitamin D also contain high cholesterol supplements. Given that sources of vitamin D and cholesterol are different, we hypothesized that there is a potential mean bias in true relationship between an individual’s vitamin D and cholesterol levels. The study therefore aimed to examine the relationship of serum cholesterol and vitamin D levels.
Methods
We utilized NHANES 2001-2006 data (n=30,954). The outcome was vitamin D deficiency defined as individuals with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level12 ng/ml were classified as normal. Significant differences in cholesterol levels between the two groups were determined using Chi-Square contingency test. Generalized linear models were conducted to assess the association of vitamin D deficiency with cholesterol levels adjusting for age, sex, physical activity (proxy measure for sunlight exposure) and other serum lipid levels.
Results
Vitamin D deficiency was significantly lower in males(5.2%) than females(7.8%)(P
Conclusion
Vitamin D deficiency was associated with high LDL and triglyceride levels. Study findings help establish the importance of distinguishing vitamin D and cholesterol levels as separate entities while making inferences about their relationship with chronic diseases.
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Vedantam, Venkata Sri Harsha, Neethu Nair, CHRISTINE MOORE, and Diana Gorman-Nunley. "VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY ANEMIA-ASSOCIATED MALIGNANCY ACCELERATED BY SUPPLEMENTATION." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/49.
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Vitamin B12 and folate are necessary for bone marrow progenitor growth and division. Deficiencies are common in lymphoproliferative disorders due to increased demands of rapidly growing malignant cells. Isolated vitamin B12 deficiency is seen in 13% of these patients and may be their only manifestation. We present the case of vitamin B12 deficiency anemia due to an underlying malignancy that was discovered following supplementation.
A 77-year-old nonsmoker female with chronic kidney disease and hypothyroidism presented to her internist with dyspnea, tachycardia and unintentional 7-pound weight loss. Age-appropriate cancer screenings were up-to-date. Physical exam was notable for an overweight female with tachycardia and trace ankle edema bilaterally. Electrocardiogram demonstrated sinus tachycardia. Labs were remarkable for hemoglobin 10.3 mg/dL (12.1 mg/dL one year ago) and serum B12/mL. She was started on intramuscular vitamin B12 supplementation. At her one-month follow-up, she reported debilitating gastrointestinal distress, rash, and fatigue lasting 5-6 days with every vitamin B12 injection. Physical exam was notable for 20-pound weight loss. Labs revealed hemoglobin 9.9 mg/dL despite serum B12 750 pg/mL and worsening kidney function with marked proteinuria. Additional work-up by primary team and subsequent Hematology & Oncology referral demonstrated elevated M-spike on urine protein electrophoresis and abnormal bone marrow biopsy suspicious for lymphoid malignancy. CT abdomen and whole body PET scan revealed increased uptake in the T12 vertebrae and multiple nodal basins consistent with stage IV lymphoma. Biopsy of vertebral body confirmed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The patient received one cycle of chemotherapy with R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone). Her course was complicated by pathologic hip fracture requiring hospitalization and surgical repair. The patient died following cardiac arrest in the setting of septic shock from sigmoid colon perforation 7 months from initial presentation.
Vitamin B12 and folate play critical roles in nucleic acid synthesis for bone marrow progenitors. Vitamin B12 deficiency arrests cell growth and division, leading to macrocytic anemia and various neuropsychiatric manifestations. It is a common diagnosis with numerous causes: autoantibodies to digestive proteins, poor dietary intake, small bowel malabsorption, etc. Diagnose with low hemoglobin (/dL or 13 mg/dL in non-pregnant women or men, respectively) and mean corpuscular volume >100 fL plus low serum B12 or elevated homocysteine and methyl-malonic acid levels. Replacement is given orally or intramuscularly. Vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies are found in lymphoproliferative disorders due to increased demands of rapidly growing malignant cells. Isolated vitamin B12 deficiency is seen in 13% of patients and may be the only clue. Replacement will not resolve their anemia. Physicians should monitor patients receiving supplementation. If anemia fails to improve or patients experience systemic symptoms, further investigation for lymphoid malignancies is warranted. This patient had dramatic deterioration with acceleration of underlying malignancy following vitamin B12 replacement. We believe supplementation enabled malignant lymphoid precursors to resume cell cycle growth and division. Only one report of vitamin B12 supplementation associated with unmasking a lymphoid malignancy exists in literature. Further research is needed to support whether supplementation can accelerate lymphoid malignancies.
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Rajan, Suparna. "Screening for and treatment of cobalamin deficiency in older adults /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6596.
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Ball, Lindsay Clare. "Cystic fibrosis and vitamin D supplementation." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2010. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2010m/ball.pdf.
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Alsultan, Saad I. H. "Vitamin E and subcapsular liver rupture in newborn lambs." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322753.
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Hintzpeter, Birte. "Vitamin D status in Germany : prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, determinants and potential health implications /." Tönning ; Lübeck Marburg : Der Andere Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/990139263/04.
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Finch, Sarah L. "Postnatal vitamin D supplementation normalizes neonatal bone mass following maternal dietary vitamin D deficiency in the guinea pig." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100246.
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Since vitamin D deficiency is common at birth, the objective of this study was to test if postnatal vitamin D supplementation would normalize bone mineralization. Forty guinea pigs were randomized to receive a diet with or without vitamin D3 during pregnancy. Newborn pups were randomized to receive 10 IU of vitamin D3 or a placebo daily until d28. Measurements at birth and d28 included whole body and regional bone mass, osteocalcin and deoxypyridinoline, plus biomechanical testing of excised tibias and femurs. Offspring from deficient sows had lower body weight, whole body and tibia bone mineral content (BMC) and lower osteocalcin and biomechanical integrity. By d28 this group had lower whole body bone density and femur BMC, unless supplemented. Interactions with gender showed males continued to have low 25(OH)D despite supplementation. Therefore, neonates born to sows with dietary vitamin D deficiency require supplemental vitamin D to support normal bone mineral accretion.
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Bloem, Martin William. "Vitamin A deficiency, anemia and infectious diseases in Northeast Thailand." Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1989. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5416.
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Walsh, Dominic Martin. "Biochemical aspects of vitamin E and selenium deficiency in cattle." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334686.
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Ehteshambrojerdi, Mahsa. "Vitamin D Deficiency and Alzheimer's Disease| A Public Information Project." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10978432.
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common irreversible form of dementia and accounts for 60–80% of all dementia cases. It is not a normal part of aging and causes memory problems and other cognitive dysfunctions that may result in unpredictable changes in behavior. AD can be caused by many factors. Recently, Vitamin D deficiency has been recognized as a risk factor for AD. Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are major health problems affecting 1 billion people worldwide, across all ethnicities and age groups. Unfortunately, public knowledge about Vitamin D deficiency and risk of AD is limited. The creation of two leaflets as informational tools for experts/professionals and families/caregivers/participants of Alzheimer’s Orange County was the goal of this project. The leaflets were reviewed by experts in the field and revisions were made. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of the leaflets on increasing knowledge about Vitamin D and AD.
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Abel, Stefan. "The physiological effect of vitamin B12 deficiency in human blood." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/69031.
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Thesis (MSc) -- Stellenbosch University, 1990.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The main aim of this workpiece was to establish the physiological parameters against which a vitamin Bu deficiency could be measured. A comparison between the hematological values of healthy patients and those suffering from pernicious anemia due to vitamin Bu deficiency was done. A specific case of pernicious anemia was used in the comparison of abnormal values to the values of normal healthy patients. The comparison consisted of blood analyses with the help of specified instruments, photomicrographs of bone marrow and blood smears and statistical data. A Coulter Counter Model ZF was used for the hematological analyses of blood, a radio-isotope assay for serum vitamin B u was done and photomicrographs were taken with a NIKON Microflex camera with photomicrographic attachments. The importance of vitamin Bu has been shown in this workpiece. With the use of techniques and certain instruments, the effects of a shortage of vitamin Bu has been shown. Analyses of the blood from normal ,healthy patients was compared to that of patients suffering from pernicious anemia. It was demonstrated that pernicious anemia is characterized by a low erythrocyte count, hematocrit (Het), hemoglobin (Hb) and vitamin Bu levels together with a higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). In severe cases of pernicious anemia these levels are extremely high or low as the case may be. Together with these values, the investigation of pernicious anemic blood and bone marrow smears revealed abnormally large erythrocyte precursors and fewer leucocytes than normal. Abnormally shaped cells, called macrocytes, were seen which was due to the disruption in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis caused by the vitamin Bu deficiency. This study produced a set of hematological reference values. The comparative study between healthy and pernicious anemic patients demonstrated a significant drop in serum vitamin B12 values during pernicious anemia. The hematological effect was illustrated by the Coulter Counter blood analysis results and the microscopic examination revealed the presence of megaloblastic erythrocytes, oval erythrocytes, pear-shaped poikilocytes and polymorphonuclear neutropbils with hypersegmented nuclei in blood smears I during vitamin B12 deficiency. This dianoses can be supported by the presence of megaloblasts and metamyelocytes in pernicious anemic bone marrow.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hoof doel van hierdie werkstuk was om fisiologiese grense te bepaal waarteen 'n vitamien B12 tekort gemeet kan word. 'n Vergelyking tussen die hematologiese waardes van gesonde persone en die van pasiente met pernisieuse anemie wat ontstaan het as gevolg van 'n vitamien B12 tekort was uitgevoer. Die waardes verkry vanaf 'n spesifieke geval van pernisieuse anemie. was vergelyk met waardes vanaf normale gesonde persone. Hierdie vergelyking het bestaan uit bloed analises, fotomikrograwe van bloed en beenmurg smere en statistiese data. Die hematologiese bloed analises was met behulp van 'n Coulter Teller model ZF uitgevoer. 'n Radio-isotoop bepaling vir serum vitamien B12 was gedoen en fotomikrograwe was met 'n NIKON Microflex kamera geneem. Die belang van 'n vitamien B12 tekort was in hierdie werkstuk gedemonstreer. Die effek van hierdie tekort is deur die gebruik van sekere instrumente en tegnieke aangedui en die resultate hiervan is vergelyk tussen gesonde persone en pasiente met 'n vitamien B12 tekort. Hierdie studie het bevestig dat pernisieuse anemie gekenmerk word deur verlaagde eritrosiet, hematokrit (Het), hemoglobien (Hb) en vitamien B12 vlakke tesame met verhoogde gemene korpuskulere hemoglobien (GKH) en gemene korpuskulere volume (GKV) vlakke. Gedurende ernstige gevalle van pernisieuse anemie kan hierdie waardes uitermatig hoog of laag wees. Benewens hierdie waardes het die ondersoek van bloed en beenmurg gedurende vitamien B12 tekort, abnormale groot eritrosiet voorgangers en 'n verminderde hoeveelheid leukosiete getoon. Abnormale sel vorms was ook sigbaar a.g.v. die onderbreking in DNA sintese wat deur 'n vitamien B12 tekort veroorsaak word. Pernisieuse anemie word verkry wanneer daar 'n vitamien B12 en/of folaat tekort in die dieet is of wanneer hierdie vitamiene nie geabsorbeer kan word nie. Die teenwoordigheid van makrosiete, ovaal eritrosiete, peervormige poikilosiete en polimorfonuklere neutrofiele met hipergesegmenteerde keme in bloedsmere dui op 'n megaloblastiese anemie. Hierdie diagnose kan ondersteun word deur die aanwesigheid van megaloblaste en reuse metamielosiete in die beenmurg. Die bepaling van vitamien B12 en folaat vlakke in die bloed kan as addisionele bewysstukke vir 'n volledige diagnose dien. Gedurende hierdie studie is daar 'n stel hematologiese verwysingswaardes vasgestel. Die vergelykende studie tussen gesonde persone en pasiente met pernisieuse anemie het getoon dat daar 'n beduidende verlaging in serum vitamien B12 waardes gedurende pernisieuse anemie is. Die hematologiese effek was ook duidelik waameembaar in die Coulter teller se bloed analiese en mikroskopiese ondersoeke het die · teenwoordigheid van makrosiete, ovaal eritrosiete, peervormige poikilosiete en polimorfenuklere neutrofiele met hipersegmenteerde keme in bloedsmere aangedui. Hierdie diagnose kan ondersteun word deur die aanwesigheid van megaloblaste en reuse metamielosiete in die beenmurg.
This study was financially aided by a bursary from the CSIR.
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Redko, E. K., S. O. Larry, and A. E. Nwando. "Late-type vitamin K deficiency bleeding: experience from 14 patients." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32304.
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Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) is defined as bleeding due to in adequate activities of VK-dependent coagulation factors (II,VI,IX and X), correctable by VK replacement. Deficiency of vitamin K predisposes to early, classic, or late vitamin K deficiency bleeding , of which late VKDB may be associated with serious and life-threatening intracranial bleeding.
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Strople, Jennifer Armstrong. "Prevalence of Subclinical Vitamin K Deficiency in Cholestatic Liver Disease." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1092249969.
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Williams, Tiffany. "The Role of Vitamin D Deficiency in Early Childhood Caries." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3334.
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Purpose: This is a pilot study to determine if there is a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the development of early childhood caries (ECC). Methods: Serum 25(OH) vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and calcium were measured from children with ECC, who presented for dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia. Samples were obtained from caries free controls examined during a well-child medical check. Parents from both sample sizes filled out a questionnaire consisting of 22 questions regarding the child and parent’s medical and dental history as well as socioeconomic background. Results: ECC patients were found to have deficient serum levels of 25(OH) vitamin D and calcium compared to caries free controls. Conclusions: This study observed a difference in 25(OH) vitamin D levels between the two groups. Due to limited sample size and confounding variables contributing to ECC, a definitive relationship between vitamin D deficiency and ECC cannot be made at this time.
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Pekiner, Bilgehan. "Vitamin E and lipid perixodation in blood." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240881.
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Frota, Karine de Holanda. "Ponto de corte para adequação da concentração sérica de 25 hidroxivitamina D em adultos e idosos: estudo de base populacional - ISA-Capital." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-05092012-102812/.
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Introdução - A concentração sérica de vitamina D pode variar em indivíduos de diferentes grupos etários e de diversas regiões geográficas e pode ser influenciada pela exposição solar, estação do ano, bem como pelos valores de IMC e paratormônio (PTH). A classificação utilizada para definir concentração sérica adequada de vitamina D refere valores de 25(OH)D acima de 30 ng/mL. Porém, essa classificação pode estar inapropriada para a população brasileira, devido às particularidades climáticas e alimentares. Objetivo - Verificar as concentrações séricas médias de 25(OH)D e PTH e sua relação com IMC, exposição solar e estação do ano e identificar os valores de corte da 25(OH)D associados à elevação do paratormônio (PTH) em adultos e idosos de amostra representativa da população do município de São Paulo. Métodos - Para esta dissertação foi desenvolvido um artigo original. O artigo original descreve o estudo transversal realizado com indivíduos do estudo ISA-Capital, estudo multicêntrico e de base populacional, onde foram investigados 589 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, dos grupos etários: 20 a 59 (adultos) e 60 e mais (idosos). Foram coletadas amostras de sangue, para dosagens de 25(OH)D e PTH. Os indivíduos que aceitaram participar da coleta de sangue, também responderam um questionário sobre exposição solar. A análise estatística incluiu a curva ROC, testes t de Student, correlação e ANOVA. Os cálculos foram realizados pelo software SPSS versão 17.0. e p 0,05 foi considerado significante. Resultados - No artigo original observou-se idade média de 54,83 (19,21) anos, sendo 61,3 por cento do sexo feminino e 38,7 por cento do sexo masculino. A concentração sérica média de 25(OH)D foi 50,02 (22,69) ng/mL, já entre os grupos foi de 47,48 (23,03) (adultos) e 52,68 (22,06) ng/mL (idosos) havendo diferença significativa entre eles (p=0,005). Observou-se variação sazonal da concentração sérica de 25(OH)D e correlação positiva entre 25(OH)D e IMC (r = 0,114, p = 0,006). O novo valor de corte 55.8 ng/mL, determinado pela análise da curva ROC, encontrou 67,6 por cento dos indivíduos insuficientes de 25(OH)D e entre os grupos 72,1 por cento (adultos) e 62,8 por cento (idosos). Conclusão - Os resultados demonstram a presença de variação sazonal nas concentrações séricas de 25(OH)D no municipio de São Paulo. O ponto de corte proposto para nossa população indicou elevada prevalência de insuficiência de vitamina D. Portanto, se faz necessário políticas públicas de prevenção de insuficiência de vitamina D visando os efeitos benéficos na saúde e qualidade de vida desta população.Introduction - The serum concentration of vitamin D may vary in individuals of different age groups and geographic regions and may be influenced by sun exposure, season and by BMI and parathyroid hormone (PTH). The classification widely used as a cut-off for appropriate vitamin D status refers serum 25 (OH) D above 30 ng/mL. However, this classification may be inappropriate for the Brazilian population, due to the particular food and the climate of our population. Objective - To determine the mean serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and PTH and correlate them with BMI, sunlight exposure and season and to identify the cutoff values of 25 (OH) D associated with elevation in PTH. Methods For this dissertation, one original article were developed. Original article describe cross-sectional study performed with subjects from the ISA Capital, multicenter population-based. We investigated 589 individuals were of both sexes, age groups: 20-59 (adults) and 60 (elderly). Blood samples for laboratory measurements of 25(OH)D and PTH were collected. Individuals, who agreed to participate in blood collection, also answered a questionnaire on sunlight exposure. Statistical analysis included ROC curve, Student t test, correlation tests, ANOVA. The calculations were performed by the software SPSS version 17.0. and p 0.05 was considered significant. Results - In the original article, the mean age of participants was 54.83 (19.21) years, 61.3 per cent female and 38.7 per cent were male. The mean serum 25 (OH) D was 50.02 (22.69) ng/mL, between the groups was 47.48 (23.03) (adults) and 52.68 (22.06) ng/ mL (elderly) and significant difference between them (p = 0.005). A seasonal variation in serum 25 (OH) D was observed and positive correlation between 25(OH)D and BMI (r = 0.114, p = 0.006). The new cutoff value 55.8 ng / mL, determined by ROC curve analysis found 67.6 per cent of subjects insufficient 25 (OH) D and between groups 72.1 per cent (adults) and 62.8 per cent (elderly). Conclusion - The results demonstrate the presence of seasonal variation in serum 25 (OH) D in the municipality of Sao Paulo. The cutoff point proposed for our population showed a high prevalence of insufficient vitamin D. Therefore, public policy is needed to prevent vitamin D insufficiency in order to beneficial effects on health and quality of life in this population.
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Pham, Ethan. "Relationships among Vitamin D Deficiency, Metabolic Syndrome, Smoking Behavior, and Physical Activity." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4812.
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Aging increases the risk of both vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome. Vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome may be related, although there are mixed findings. Furthermore, literature suggests other factors such as physical fitness activity and smoking behavior are associated with Vitamin D deficiency and the development of metabolic syndrome. A number of studies have documented associations between Vitamin D levels and physical fitness activities, while other studies found correlations between Vitamin D levels, metabolic syndrome, and smoking behavior. However, no previous study has examined the links between physical fitness activity, smoking behavior, Vitamin D levels, and the risks for metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to examine if smoking behavior and physical fitness activity moderated the relationship between Vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome among older individuals. The research problem was addressed through the use of retrospective data collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006. This study utilized a quantitative, retrospective, cross-sectional design employing regression and correlational analysis to determine that Vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.02) predicts metabolic syndrome (n = 1570). However, neither physical activity (p = 0.99) nor smoking behavior (p = 0.23) moderated the relationship between Vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome (n = 1570). The results of the study could give practitioners a better understanding and insights into the different risk factors to metabolic syndrome among older individuals, which can eventually enable primary and secondary prevention interventions.
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Ayah, Rosemary Achieng Lore. "High dose maternal and infant vitamin A supplementation in Bondo District, Kenya : its effects on vitamin A and iron status." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289859.
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Logan, Kathryn G. "Seasonal Variation in Vitamin D Levels in Adolescent Girls in Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/LoganKG2003.pdf.
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Pietrzak, Ewa M. "Vitamin E as an index of tissue peroxidation: The effect of vitamin C deficiency and ischemia/reperfusion." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6464.
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Levels and turnover of vitamin E ($\alpha$-T) were studied in guinea pigs placed for three weeks on a diet containing a scorbutic level of vitamin C and either a low level (LE group) or a high level (HE group) of hexadeuterium-labelled vitamin E (d$\sb6$-RRR-$\alpha$-T acetate). The levels of vitamin C in the ten tissues analyzed declined very rapidly at rates that were the same in both the LE and HE groups, indicating that the level of dietary vitamin E had no effect upon tissue vitamin C levels. On the vitamin C deficient diet, the total $\alpha$-T (d$\sb0$- + d$\sb6$-$\alpha$-T) declined significantly over 21 days in the HE group in two tissues with high P-450 enzyme activity and in one tissue with a high partial pressure of oxygen, whereas on a vitamin C-sufficient diet with the same concentration of vitamin E the levels of total $\alpha$-T remained steady in the same tissues. In the LE "scorbutic" group, the total $\alpha$-T declined only in heart and kidney, whereas in the vitamin C-sufficient LE group there was a decline of total $\alpha$-T in all tissues analyzed except brain. The results show that in guinea pigs, at least, vitamin C is indispensable for proper uptake of vitamin E from the gut and absorption into tissues. Changes of vitamin E levels also were studied in six anatomical regions of the brain of rats subjected to controlled ischemia/reperfusion. Analysis showed that ischemia/reperfusion caused statistically significant losses of vitamin E in all regions, except the pons-medulla, and the extent of loss correlated well with the previously determined deterioration of the blood-brain barrier in the corresponding regions. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Lee, Vanessa Wada Shoko. "Vitamin A deficiency among pregnant women in rural Bangladesh : executive summary /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19496.pdf.
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Oenzil, Fadil, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Effect of vitamin A deficiency on glucose uptake in the rat." Deakin University. School of Science, 1988. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051110.120816.
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This thesis describes an investigation of the effects of vitamin A deficiency on gut function, The central hypothesis to be tested was that acute vitamin A deficiency affects glucose uptake from the small intestine- The hypothesis was tested using a system involving perfusion of isolated segments of the small intestine in the anaesthetized rat. The system was used to study effects on glucose uptake under steady-state conditions.
In the initial part of the study, experiments were diverted towards setting up the system for measuring steady-state uptake, and determining the relative contributions of active uptake and diffusion. Phenol red was found to be a reliable non-absorbable marker for determining net water movement. Phlorizin, generally at 1 mmol/L, was used as a competitive (reversible) inhibitor of active uptake. It is difficult however to confirm complete inhibition of active uptake by phlorizin because of the limited solubility of the inhibitor.
The kinetics of glucose uptake f ram intra-luminal maltose were found to be, in general, not significantly different from those applying to the uptake of glucose from an equivalent glucose solution. Maltase activity in the perfused gut segment was found to be sufficient to hydrolyse most of the maltose (80 per cent or more) in the solution being perfused, a much greater proportion than was absorbed. Glucose absorptive capacity, measured on an intestinal dry weight basis, was greatest in the duodenum and progressively less in the jejunum and ileum.
The rate of water uptake f ran the gut was increased by the presence of glucose in the lumen, and was linked to glucose uptake as shown by the inhibition of water uptake by phlorizin. Uptake of glucose by solvent drag was demonstrated by showing an increased rate of glucose uptake when the rate of water uptake was increased by perfusing a solution of reduced osmotic pressure. In the experiment a low intra-luminal glucose concentration was used to preclude net uptake by diffusion and active uptake was blocked with phlorizin.
This process was further investigated using streptozotocin-diabetic rats in which the diabetes establishes a hyperosomotic blood with hyperglycaemia. Uptake by solvent drag was more obvious in diabetic animals. A back-diffusion (exsorption) of glucose from the tissues to the lumen was also shown; the rate being proportional to plasma glucose concentration.
Vitamin A deficiency was established in weanling rats after 6-7 weeks feeding on a diet based on wheat starch, coconut oil, and casein washed with hot ethanol, together with vitamins and minerals. The vitamin A deficiency led to classic eye signs and was reversed by the addition to the diet of retinoic acid (5 g/g diet). Vitamin A deficiency decreased intestinal mucus production (dry weight) but had no detectable effect on the histology of the villous epithelium as shown under the light microscope. Using perfusion experiments it was shown that vitamin A deficiency had no significant effect on the rate of active uptake of glucose, but that deficiency increased the rate of passive uptake.
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Bensoussan, Karen. "Effects of vitamin E deficiency on the rat testis and epididymis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0007/MQ37092.pdf.
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Parekh, Dhruv. "Is Vitamin D deficiency a mechanistic driver of acute lung injury?" Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/82192/.
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The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the critically ill patient. There are no effective strategies for identifying those most at risk or therapeutic interventions proven to prevent its occurrence. Vitamin D deficiency is common and has important functions besides calcium homeostasis with profound effects on human immunity. Preliminary data suggests in the high-risk sepsis and oesophagectomy groups that vitamin D deficiency may be a pre-existing risk factor and mechanistic driver of ARDS. This thesis investigated in an animal model and in-vitro studies whether vitamin D influences the innate immune response to sepsis and resolution of neutrophilic injury. In addition, it reports a proof of concept phase II study to determine if vitamin D therapy in patients undergoing oesophagectomy is anti-inflammatory and protective of markers of lung injury. Vitamin D deficiency significantly increased the bacterial load, bacteraemia and translocation to the lung in a murine model of peritonitis. This was associated with a rise in tissue permeability locally and within the lung, reduced antimicrobial peptide and defective peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis. These data support pre-existing vitamin D deficiency as a determinant of the severity of bacteraemic sepsis. In-vivo high dose vitamin D supplementation was a safe, well-tolerated preoperative intervention with reduced biomarkers of alveolar oedema, capillary leak and macrophage efferocytosis. In-vitro culture with vitamin D increased macrophage efferocytosis and promoted monocyte differentiation to a pro-resolution phenotype. This suggests a potential mechanism for vitamin D on protecting barrier integrity and resolution of neutrophilic inflammation, a hallmark of ARDS. This body of work demonstrates that vitamin D deficiency is a potential modifiable risk factor and should be identified and treated in patients at risk of sepsis and ARDS. Larger trials powered to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on preventing and improving clinical outcomes in sepsis and ARDS are warranted.
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Bruns, Nicholas Joseph. "Vitamin A deficiency: Serum cortisol and immunoglobulin G levels in lambs." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45753.
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Serum cortisol and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations were measured to investigate the relationship between vitamin A status and immune function in lambs. Twenty-four crossbred ewe lambs were each fed 900 g·d-1 of a carotene—deficient diet composed of 95.5% whole oats, 3% molasses, .5% trace mineral salt and 1% limestone. All lambs were injected monthly with vitamins D and E and with selenium. The 12 control lambs also received a 100,000 IU oral dose of vitamin A palmitate in capsule form every 2 wk. All lambs were challenged by injecting them with 1 mg ovalbumin in 1 ml of Freund’s complete adjuvant. At the time of challenge, serum vitamin A levels for the control and A-deficient (A—def) lambs were 33.3 and 3.1 ug·dl-1 respectively. Blood was collected prior to and 6, 13, 20 and 34 d post—challenge. The lambs were then reschallenged using the same antigen and blood was obtained 1, 2, 6 and 22 d post—challenge. Lambs were sacrificed at the end of the second challenge period. Spleen weights were obtained and gross post—mortem observations were made at this time.Master of Science
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Herselman, Marietjie. "Vitamin D : miracle cure-for-all or cart before the horse?" Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86816.
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Inaugural address delivered on 2 November 2011Marietjie Herselman was born in the Langkloof, where she matriculated at the McLachlan High School. She obtained a BSc (Physiology and Dietetics) degree at Stellenbosch University and for the next 18 years worked as a dietitian at Tygerberg Hospital, where she specialised in renal nutrition. She obtained a master’s degree in nutrition in 1985 and in 1991 was appointed as a lecturer in the Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, at Stellenbosch University. In the same year she obtained her PhD in nutritional sciences at this university, where she was later promoted to senior lecturer (1995), associate professor (2001) and full professor (2010). From 2008 to 2010 she was appointed first as acting head and later as head of the Division of Human Nutrition. She served on the Professional Board of Dietetics from 1998 to 2003 and also on various sub-committees of the Board. She regularly reviews papers and research applications for scientific councils/associations as well as five national and four international scientific journals. Currently, she serves on the editorial boards of four international scientific journals and in 2008 she was elected as the co-editor (Africa region) of the international journal Nutrition. She successfully delivered 17 master’s students and published 29 scientific papers in national and international journals and three chapters in textbooks. Marietjie also presented papers at 19 international and 37 national conferences. Three international and four national awards were bestowed on her for her research in renal nutrition. She played a leading role in the initiation of the Community Nutrition Security Project (CNSP) in the Breede Valley, as part of Stellenbosch University’s HOPE Project, as well as the NOMA master’s programme in Nutrition, Human Rights and Governance in collaboration with the universities of Oslo and Akershus (Norway) as well as Makerere and Kyambogo (Uganda).
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Ismail, Rana H. "Vitamin D Deficiency and Immune Function in African American, HIV-Infected Men." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1222.
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Vitamin D deficiency is common in individuals diagnosed with HIV and is known for its detrimental health effects. Its recognition as a potent immune-modulator with possible immune health implications in HIV disease progression was the main impetus for this study. The association between Vitamin D and CD4 count falls short of being consistent and is too weak to allow conclusions. Similarly, the literature is inconsistent with regard to the impact of Vitamin D supplementation on CD4. This observational, retrospective chart review study aimed to explore the relationship between Vitamin D deficiency and CD4 count/percent, and to evaluate whether changes in Vitamin D levels after supplementation corresponds with significant changes in CD4 count/percent in a cohort of African American, HIV-infected men who attended an HIV clinic in southeast Michigan (N = 70). The conceptual framework was based on the role of Vitamin D in regulating the immune responses through Vitamin D nuclear receptors on the CD4 cells. It postulated that an increase in Vitamin D level might enhance immune function, promote cellular anti-inflammatory state, and decelerate CD4 destruction. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, bivariate correlation, logistic and linear regression, t test, repeated measures ANOVA, and ANCOVA. Findings of the study did not support the hypotheses of significant correlation between Vitamin D and CD4 count (p = 0.458) and percent (p = 0.776), or of any impact of supplementation on CD4 count (p = 0.216) and percent (p = 0.918). Social change implications include providing health professionals, researchers, and policymakers with knowledge to tailor health promotion interventions aiming to reduce Vitamin D deficiency in favor of improving the overall health of HIV patients, especially high-risk groups such as African American HIV-infected patients.
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Deribew, Henok. "The roles of bacteria in tackling folate and cobalamin deficiency : From food fermentation to the gut microbiota." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UMONG036.
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Les carences en folate (vitamine B9) et en cobalamine (vitamine B12) provoquent des problèmes de santé, notamment dans les pays en développement où les régimes alimentaires à base de produits végétaux sont source de folates mais dépourvus de cobalamine. Une consommation insuffisante d'aliments d'origine animale, principale sources de cobalamine, est également préoccupante dans les pays développés en raison d’évolutions des habitudes alimentaires vers une baisse de la consommation de produits animaux pour des raisons environnementales ou éthiques. Certaines bactéries peuvent synthétiser ces vitamines lors de la fermentation alimentaire et dans le tractus digestif humain. Cependant, leur rôle dans les aliments fermentés à base de céréales et leur potentiel de production de folate dans le tractus gastro-intestinal est peu exploré. Par conséquent, cette thèse a pour objectifs d’explorer la contribution potentielle des bactéries à la diminution des carences en folates et en cobalamine. Premièrement, les teneurs en folates et en cobalamine de l'injera, un aliment de base traditionnel éthiopien à base de céréales fermentées à base de teff, ont été mesurées. Sa consommation permettrait de couvrir 5% à 23% des apports en folate recommandés pour les femmes en âge de procréer. Cependant, la cobalamine présente dans l'injera était biologiquement inactive chez les humains. Les bactéries lactiques étaient majoritaires pendant la fermentation de l'injera, et certaines espèces étaient corrélées aux taux de folate et de cobalamine. Deuxièmement, la faisabilité d'augmenter la teneur en folate et en cobalamine dans l'injera a été explorée en utilisant des souches bactériennes productrices de folate et de cobalamine a été explorée. L’utilisation individuelle de chaque souche permettait d’augmenter les taux de folate et de cobalamine dans la pâte d'injera y compris après plusieurs cycle de repiquage par pied de cuve, atteignant les apports recommandés en cobalamine et jusqu'à 29 % de folate pour les femmes. Cependant, utilisées ensemble, les souches étaient moins efficaces. Enfin, l'influence de l'alimentation et du microbiote intestinal sur le statut en folate de femmes en âge de procréer (n=10) ont été évaluées. Les participantes ont consommé pendant 3 jours de l'injera enrichi en folate par fermentation ou un régime pauvre en folate à base de riz. La consommation régulière d'injera enrichi en folate couvrait 70,1 % de l'apport en folate recommandé. Au cours de la période de régime pauvre en folate, des concentrations de folate fécaux dépassant l'apport alimentaire ont été observées, indiquant une synthèse de folates par les micro-organismes du tube digestif. Des incubations in vitro des échantillons ont également montré un potentiel variable de production de folate au cours de différentes périodes alimentaires. Cette étude a mis en évidence la relation complexe entre les micro-organismes et leur rôle potentiel dans l'amélioration du statut en folate et en cobalamine des individusFolate (vitamin B9) and cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiencies have significant health implications, particularly in low- and lower-middle-income countries where diets rely on starchy staple foods that offer folate but lack cobalamin. Inadequate intake of animal-sourced foods, the primary cobalamin sources, is also a concern in developed countries due to shifting dietary patterns towards plant-based diets. Certain bacteria can synthesize these vitamins in food fermentation and the human gut, yet their roles in cereal-based fermented foods and their folate-producing potential in the gut remain underexplored. Therefore, this thesis aimed to explore the potential contributions of bacteria in addressing folate and cobalamin deficiencies. First, the folate and cobalamin content of injera, a traditional Ethiopian cereal-based fermented staple food prepared from teff through backslopping fermentation, was explored, and shown that injera can provide 5% to 23% of the recommended folate intake for women of reproductive age. However, cobalamin found in injera was biologically inactive in humans. Fermentation was dominated by lactic acid bacteria and, with specific species correlating with folate and cobalamin levels. Second, the feasibility of increasing folate and cobalamin content in injera was explored using folate- and cobalamin-producing bacterial strains. Applying these strains individually significantly increased folate and cobalamin levels in injera dough over multiple backslopping rounds, meeting recommended cobalamin intake and providing up to 29% of folate for women of reproductive age. However, when used together, the strains were less efficient. The evolution of microorganisms, including those present before inoculation, potentially influenced vitamin production. Finally, the influence of diet and gut microbiota on the folate status of reproductive-age women (n=10) was assessed. Participants consumed the folate-enriched injera and a rice-based low-folate diet for 3 days in a crossover design. Regular consumption of folate-enriched injera covered 70.1% of the recommended folate intake. During the period of the low-folate diet, folate concentrations in excess of dietary intake were observed, indicating a significant contribution of microbially synthesized folate. In vitro measurements of folate concentration in fecal matter illustrated varying folate production and consumption capabilities of the gut microbiota among individuals and across different dietary folate intake periods. This study highlighted the complex relationship between microorganisms and their potential roles in improving the folate and cobalamin status of individuals
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Björk, Anne. "Aspects of Vitamin D : Prevalence of deficiency and impact on musculoskeletal parameters." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Allmänmedicin och preventivmedicin, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-317315.
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Vitamin D is central in calcium turnover, and adequate levels are important for skeletal health. It is not clear how large contributions from food and sunlight are in Swedish primary care patients, considering the low radiation of UVB in Sweden and fortification of some foods, and whether differences exist between patients of immigrant and Swedish origin. Increasing incidence of osteoporosis-related fractures is a major global health problem. Genetic variations in metabolising enzymes and in the Vitamin D receptor (VDR) have also been shown to be of importance to the overall effect of vitamin D. Polymorphic variation in the gene CYP2R1 encoding the 25-hydroxylase has previously been reported to correlate with circulating levels of 25(OH)D3. Results of association studies between genetic variants of the VDR and muscle strength, as well as falls have been contradictory. The purposes of this thesis were to examine possible differences in plasma-25(OH)D3 levels and intake of vitamin D between Swedish and immigrant female primary care patients, to estimate what foods contribute the most, and to identify contributors to vitamin D status (Paper I-II). Furthermore, the relationship between polymorphisms in the CYP2R1 gene and levels of 25(OH)D3 as well as other biochemical parameters (parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphate and fibroblast growth factor 23) of skeletal homeostasis, bone mineral density and incidence of fractures was investigated (Paper III). Also, the association between genetic variations in the gene for the vitamin D receptor and measures of muscle strength, physical performance and falls (Paper IV), was investigated by using data from a Swedish multicenter study of elderly men (MrOS). Most important results: Vitamin D deficiency was common, with significant difference between Swedish born and immigrant patients (Paper I). Food intake of vitamin D is associated with circulating vitamin D, but the factors most strongly affecting vitamin D levels were reported sun holiday and origin (Paper II). CYP2R1 polymorphisms are associated with circulating levels of 25(OH)D3 and bone mineral density (Paper III). VDR genetic variants do not appear to have a direct effect on muscle strength or physical performance and incidence of falls in elderly Swedish men (Paper IV).
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Alves, Ana Luisa Sant'Anna. "Deficiência de vitamina A e fatores associados em crianças de 6 a 59 meses de idade no Brasil : PNDS 2006." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/127390.
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A Deficiência de Vitamina A (DVA) é considerado um problema de saúde pública em diversos países. No Brasil, esse problema atinge todas as regiões em diferentes magnitudes. A Organização Mundial da Saúde recomenda a realização de estudos sobre base populacional com os objetivos de se estimar a prevalência da DVA, de definir intervenções, de monitorar as tendências da população e o impacto dos programas de intervenção ao longo do tempo. São considerados grupos vulneráveis à DVA: as gestantes e crianças jovens residentes em países em desenvolvimento. A pesquisa aqui realizada tem como objetivo contribuir para o esclarecimento dos fatores associados à Deficiência de Vitamina A no Brasil. Para isso, foram analisados os dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher. A população investigada foram crianças de 6 a 59 meses de idades (n=4.322) com dados sobre nível de retinol sérico. A associação entre deficiência de Vitamina A e as variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas e de saúde foram analisadas no software SPSS através de análises complexas e da regressão logística. Na análise global não ajustada, incluindo todas as regiões, as variáveis associadas (p<0,05) à DVA foram a maior idade materna, macrorregião de residência (Sudeste e Nordeste) e situação de domicílio (urbano). Após o ajuste, se mantiveram associadas significativamente as variáveis maior idade materna e macrorregião de domicílio (Sudeste e Nordeste). Na análise ajustada, estratificada por regiões, houve modificação dos fatores associados. A região Centro-oeste não apresentou associação entre a deficiência de vitamina A e as variáveis investigadas. Na região Sudeste os fatores associados ao desfecho foram a maior idade materna, residir na zona urbana e crianças com risco para sobrepeso/sobrepeso/obesidade. Na região Nordeste a menor razão de chances foi associada ao menor tempo de aleitamento materno e mães com cor de pele não branca. Na região Sul somente as mães de cor de pele não branca apresentaram associação com a deficiência de vitamina A e, por fim, na região Norte a maior idade materna estava a associada a DVA. Na associação entre IA e DVA, tanto na análise bruta como na análise ajustada não foram observadas associações significativas. No entanto, a prevalência de DVA foi maior nas categorias de Insegurança Alimentar Grave e Leve quando comparado com a segurança alimentar. Os dados analisados mostram que no Brasil a DVA varia de leve a grave problema de saúde pública e os fatores associados são diferentes entre as macrorregiões, portanto estratégias preconizadas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde devem ser levadas em consideração na elaboração de políticas públicas adequadas a cada região.The Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) is considered a public health issue in many countries. In Brazil, this problem affects all theregions in different magnitudes. The World Health Organization recommends conducting studies on population basis with the objective of estimating the prevalence of VAD, to define interventions, to monitor population trends and the impact of intervention programs over time. Considered vulnerable groups to DVAare pregnant women and young children living in developing countries. The research performed here aims to contribute to understand the factors associated with Vitamin A Deficiency in Brazil. To do so, data from the National Survey of Demography and Health of Children and Women were analyzed. The investigated population were children 6-59 months of age (n = 4,322) with data on level of serum retinol. The association between vitamin A deficiency and socioeconomic, demographic and health variables were analyzed using SPSS software through complex analysis and logistic regression. In the overall unadjusted analysis, including all regions, the variables associated (p <0.05) to the DVA were higher maternal age, macro-region (Southeast and Northeast) and household situation (urban). After adjustment, remained significantly associated variables higher maternal age and address macro-region (Southeast and Northeast). In the adjusted analysis stratified by region, there was modification on the associated factors. The Midwest region showed no association between vitamin A deficiency and the investigated variables. In the Southeast, factors associated with outcome were higher maternal age; reside in urban areas and children at risk for overweight / overweight / obesity. In the Northeast the lowest odds ratio was associated with shorter duration of breastfeeding and mothers with nonwhite skin color. In the South, only non-white skin color mothers were associated with vitamin A deficiency, and finally, the northern region most maternal age was associated with VAD. The association between IA and DVA, both in the crude analysis as in the adjusted analysis significant associations were observed. However, the prevalence of VAD was higher in the categories of Food Insecurity Record and Take compared to food security. The data analyzed show that in Brazil the DVA varies from mild to severe public health problem and associated factors differ among regions, so strategies recommended by the World Health Organization should be taken into account in the design of appropriate policies to each region.
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Ahmed, Shafiqur Rahman. "Studies on metabolism of minerals and trace elements in vitamin A deficiency." Kyoto University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/202192.
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Campbell, Alison Karla Lemon. "Causes and consequences of vitamin B-12 deficiency in Californian Latino elderly /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Shakir, Durar Kassim. "Vitamin D Deficiency And Cultural Influences Among Muslim Women in Southern Illinois." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/955.
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This study is an analysis of the cultural influences that affect the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Muslim women from sun-rich countries, who now reside in Southern Illinois. Previous studies examine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among this population, while neglecting to examine the extent of cultural influences which can affect the likelihood of having this disorder. Low serum levels of 25(OH)D can occur when there are low levels of vitamin D intake, and when exposure to sunlight is limited. Muslim women are more prone to vitamin D deficiency due to traditional attire, regardless of migration. Upon surveying a convenience sample of 101 Muslim women in Southern Illinois, it was found that upon migration, dietary changes occurred with an increase in dairy consumption and a decrease in fish consumption. The major finding in this study however is the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and concerns of beauty. Among participants, beauty was revealed to be a more important concern than tradition and religion with regard to their practice of covering.
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Milan, Julie E. "The Women's Folate Study: A Stage-Tailored, Web-Based Intervention for College Women." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MilanJE2004.pdf.
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Safavi, Seyed Morteza. "Vitamin E status and susceptibility to lipid peroxidation during late foetal and early neonatal life of the guinea pig." Thesis, Brunel University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302796.
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Al-Senaidy, A. "Intracellular distribution of #alpha#- and #gamma#-tocopherol." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384334.
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El, Fakhri Nagla. "Effect of vitamin D supplementation on bone status, glucose homeostasis and immune function in children with vitamin D deficiency." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7555/.
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Background: Between 1961-1971 vitamin D deficiency was recognized as a public health issue in the UK, because of the lack of effective sunlight and the population mix [1, 2]. In recent years, health care professionals have cited evidence suggesting a re-emergence of the vitamin D deficiency linked to a number of health consequences as a concern [3-6]. Evidence from observational studies has linked low vitamin D status with impairment in glucose homeostasis and immune dysfunction [7-9]. However, interventional studies, particularly those focused on paediatric populations, have been limited and inconsistent. There is a need for detailed studies, to clarify the therapeutic benefits of vitamin D in these important clinical areas. Objective: The aims of this PhD thesis were two-fold. Firstly, to perform preliminary work assessing the association between vitamin D deficiency and bone status, glucose homeostasis and immune function, and to explore any changes in these parameters following short term vitamin D3 replacement therapy. Secondly, to assess the effectiveness of an electronic surveillance system (ScotPSU) as a tool to determine the current incidence of hospital-based presentation of childhood vitamin D deficiency in Scotland. Methods: Active surveillance was performed for a period of two years as a part of an electronic web-based surveillance programme performed by the Scottish Paediatric Surveillance Unit (ScotPSU). The validity of the system was assessed by identifying cases with profound vitamin D deficiency (in Glasgow and Edinburgh) from the regional laboratory. All clinical details were checked against those identified using the surveillance system. Thirty-seven children aged 3 months to 10 years, who had been diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency, were recruited for the bone, glucose and immunity studies over a period of 24 months. Twenty-five samples were analysed for the glucose and bone studies; of these, 18 samples were further analysed for immune study. Treatment consisted of six weeks taking 5000 IU units cholecalciferol orally once a day. At baseline and after completion of treatment, 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX), osteocalcin (OCN), calcium, phosphate, insulin, glucose, homeostasis model assessment index, estimated insulin resistance (HOMA IR), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), lipids profiles, T helper 1 (Th1) cytokines (interleukin-2 ( IL-2), tumor necrosis factors-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (INF-γ)), T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines (interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5), interleukin-6 (IL-6)), T helper 17 (Th17) cytokine (interleukin-17 (IL-17)), Regulatory T (Treg) cytokine (interleukin-10 (IL-10)) and chemokines/cytokines, linked with Th1/Th2 subset balance and/or differentiation (interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-12 (IL-12), eosinophil chemotactic protein ( EOTAXIN), macrophage inflammatory proteins-1beta (MIP-1β), interferon-gamma-induced protein-10 (IP-10), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)) were measured. Leukoocyte subset analysis was performed for T cells, B cells and T regulatory cells and a luminex assay was used to measure the cytokiens. Results: Between September 2009 and August 2011, 163 cases of vitamin D deficiency were brought to the attention of the ScotPSU, and the majority of cases (n = 82) were reported in Glasgow. The cross-validation checking in Glasgow and Edinburgh over a one-year period revealed only 3 (11%) cases of clearly symptomatic vitamin D deficiency, which had been missed by the ScotPSU survey in Glasgow. While 16 (67%) symptomatic cases had failed to be reported through the ScotPSU survey in Edinburgh. For the 23 children who are included in bone and glucose studies, 22 (96%) children had basal serum 25(OH)D in the deficiency range (< 50 nmol/l) and one (4%) child had serum 25(OH)D in the insufficiency range (51-75 nmol/l). Following vitamin D3 treatment, 2 (9%) children had final serum 25(OH)D lower than 50 nmol/l, 6 (26%) children had final serum 25(OH)D between >50-75 nmol/l, 12 (52%) children reached a final serum 25(OH)D >75-150 nmol/l and finally 3 (13%) exceeded the normal reference range with a final 25(OH)D >150 nmol/l. Markers for remodelling ALP and PTH had significantly decreased (p = 0.001 and <0.0001 for ALP and PTH respectively). In 17 patients for whom insulin and HOMA IR data were available and enrolled in glucose study, significant improvements in insulin resistance (p = 0.04) with a trend toward a reduction in serum insulin (p = 0.05) was observed. Of those 14 children who had their cytokines profile data analysed and enrolled in the immunity study, insulin and HOMA IR data were missed in one child. A significant increase in the main Th2 secreted cytokine IL-4 (p = 0.001) and a tendency for significant increases in other Th2 secreted cytokines IL-5 (p = 0.05) and IL-6 (p = 0.05) was observed following vitamin D3 supplementation. Conclusion: An electronic surveillance system can provide data for studying the epidemiology of vitamin D deficiency. However, it may underestimate the number of positive cases. Improving vitamin D status in vitamin D deficient otherwise healthy children significantly improved their vitamin D deficient status, and was associated with an improvement in bone profile, improvements in insulin resistance and an alteration in main Th2 secreting cytokines.
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Almeida, Ane Cristina Fayão. "Concentrações séricas de vitamina D em lactentes saudáveis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17144/tde-29032018-110301/.
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Introdução: Uma elevada prevalência de deficiência de vitamina D (DVD) em crianças tem sido observada em todo o mundo, mas poucos são os estudos com relação ao estado nutricional da vitamina D (VD) em lactentes saudáveis. A principal causa da deficiência em crianças saudáveis é o aleitamento materno sem suplementação e a falta ou insuficiência de exposição solar. Objetivos: Determinar as concentrações séricas de VD e verificar sua associação com concentrações de paratormônio (PTH), fosfatase alcalina (FA), cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P) e albumina e uso da suplementação de VD em lactentes saudáveis com idades entre >= 6 e <= 24 meses atendidos em duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal, observacional e analítico em que foram determinadas as concentrações séricas de 25 (OH)D, PTH, FA, Ca, P e albumina de 155 lactentes saudáveis. Informações sobre exposição solar, aspectos sociodemográficos das mães e características clínico-nutricionais dos lactentes foram obtidas por entrevistas com os responsáveis dos lactentes. Concentrações séricas de 25(OH)D maiores que 20ng/ml foram consideradas adequadas, entre 12 a 20ng/ml insuficientes e < 12ng/ml deficientes. Resultados: Dez lactentes (6,5%, Intervalo de Confiança 95% 3,5-11,4) apresentaram insuficiência de VD e nenhum apresentou DVD. Nenhuma alteração nas concentrações séricas de P, Ca e albumina foram detectadas. Apenas um lactente apresentou aumento nas concentrações séricas de PTH e 35,5% dos lactentes apresentaram FA elevada, porém nenhum apresentou DVD ou insuficiência de VD. Não foram encontradas associações entre as concentrações séricas de 25(OH)D e as de FA, Ca e albumina. Houve associação entre concentrações séricas de 25(OH)D e PTH mesmo após ajuste para sexo, idade e Índice de Massa Corporal; também foi observada associação entre concentrações séricas de 25(OH)D e P apenas após o ajuste pelas covariáveis. Não foram verificadas associações entre insuficiência de VD, exposição solar e suplementação de VD. Conclusões: Uma baixa prevalência de concentrações insuficientes de 25(OH)D foi observada. Não foram encontradas associações entre as concentrações séricas de 25(OH)D e PTH, FA, Ca, P e albumina. Da mesma forma, não foram encontradas associações entre de concentrações séricas de 25(OH)D, exposição solar e suplementação de VD.Introduction: A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in children has been observed worldwide, but there are few studies on the nutritional status of vitamin D (VD) in healthy infants. The main cause of deficiency in healthy children is breastfeeding without supplementation and lack or insufficiency of sun exposure. Objective: To determine serum concentrations of VD and verify its association with parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and use of VD supplementation in healthy infants aged >= 6 to <= 24 months attended at two Basic Health Units in Ribeirão Preto city, São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational and analytical study was performed in which were determined serum concentrations of 25 (OH) D, PTH, alkaline phosphatase (AP), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and albumin of 155 healthy infants. Information of sun exposure, sociodemographic aspects of mothers and clinical and nutritional characteristics of infants were obtained through interviews with responsible for infants. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D greater than 20ng / ml were considered adequate, between 12 to 20ng / ml insufficient and <12ng/ml, deficient. Results: Ten infants (6.5%, 95% Confidence Interval 3.5-11.4) presented VD insufficiency and none presented DVD. Only one infant had an increase in PTH serum concentrations and 35.5% of infants had high AP but none presented DVD or VD insufficiency. No changes in serum P, Ca and albumin concentrations were detected. No associations were found between serum concentrations of 25 (OH) D and AP, Ca and albumin. There was an association between serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and PTH even after adjusting for sex, age and body mass index; an association between serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and P was observed only after adjustment for covariates. There were no associations between VD insufficiency, sun exposure and VD supplementation. Conclusions: A low prevalence of insufficient concentrations of 25 (OH)D was observed. No associations were found between serum concentrations of 25 (OH)D and PTH, FA, Ca, P and albumin. Likewise, no associations were found between serum concentrations of 25 (OH)D, sun exposure and VD supplementation.
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Sokolova, Natalia Valerievna. "The role of vitamin A in embryonic lung development in mice." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320687.
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Alaofe, Halimatou, Jennifer Burney, Rosamond Naylor, and Douglas Taren. "Prevalence of anaemia, deficiencies of iron and vitamin A and their determinants in rural women and young children: a cross-sectional study in Kalale district of northern Benin." CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624076.
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Objective: To identify the magnitude of anaemia and deficiencies of Fe (ID) and vitamin A (VAD) and their associated factors among rural women and children. Design: Cross-sectional, comprising a household, health and nutrition survey and determination of Hb, biochemical (serum concentrations of ferritin, retinol, C-reactive protein and alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein) and anthropometric parameters. Multivariate logistic regression examined associations of various factors with anaemia and micronutrient deficiencies. Setting: Kalale district, northern Benin. Subjects: Mother-child pairs (n 767): non-pregnant women of reproductive age (15-49 years) and children 6-59 months old. Results: In women, the overall prevalence of anaemia, ID, Fe-deficiency anaemia (IDA) and VAD was 47.7, 18.3, 11.3 and 17.7%, respectively. A similar pattern for anaemia (82.4 %), ID (23.6%) and IDA (21.2%) was observed among children, while VAD was greater at 33. 6%. Greater risk of anaemia, ID and VAD was found for low maternal education, maternal farming activity, maternal health status, low food diversity, lack of fruits and vegetables consumption, low protein foods consumption, high infection, anthropometric deficits, large family size, poor sanitary conditions and low socio-economic status. Strong differences were also observed by ethnicity, women's group participation and source of information. Finally, age had a significant effect in children, with those aged 6-23 months having the highest risk for anaemia and those aged 12-23 months at risk for ID and IDA. Conclusions: Anaemia, ID and VAD were high among rural women and their children in northern Benin, although ID accounted for a small proportion of anaemia. Multicentre studies in various parts of the country are needed to substantiate the present results, so that appropriate and beneficial strategies for micronutrient supplementation and interventions to improve food diversity and quality can be planned.
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Geier, Stephanie Eileen, and Stephanie Eileen Geier. "Clinical Practice Recommendations for Screening Patients with Type-2 Diabetes for Vitamin D Deficiency: An Integrative Literature Review." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622965.
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Type-2 diabetes is a nationally growing health concern. Previous literature has implicated that vitamin D deficiency and type-2 diabetes are interconnected. At this time there are no guidelines in place to guide the evaluation or treatment of vitamin D deficiency in type-2 diabetic patients. In order to create up to date guidelines for the treatment and evaluation of vitamin D deficiency in type-2 diabetic patients an integrative literature review was conducted using EMBASE, PubMed, and CINAHL. The literature review resulted in 44 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The literature review resulted in the creation of five clinical recommendations. The most significant change to current clinical standards includes screening all type-2 diabetic patients for vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D supplementation is not recommended for use in treating type-2 diabetes, diabetic complications, or preventing the progression from prediabetes to diabetes. However, type-2 diabetic patients with vitamin D deficiency should be treated with vitamin D supplementation to improve indirect health outcomes and prevent morbidity and mortality.